WO2019140990A1 - 杀螨剂及其应用 - Google Patents

杀螨剂及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019140990A1
WO2019140990A1 PCT/CN2018/114804 CN2018114804W WO2019140990A1 WO 2019140990 A1 WO2019140990 A1 WO 2019140990A1 CN 2018114804 W CN2018114804 W CN 2018114804W WO 2019140990 A1 WO2019140990 A1 WO 2019140990A1
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Prior art keywords
acaricide
mites
miticide
diluted
effect
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PCT/CN2018/114804
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王树良
李振轮
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Chongqing Lingshi Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
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Chongqing Lingshi Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to BR112020003643-9A priority Critical patent/BR112020003643A2/pt
Priority to MX2020001908A priority patent/MX2020001908A/es
Priority to KR1020207007979A priority patent/KR20200039001A/ko
Priority to JP2020531807A priority patent/JP7008140B2/ja
Priority to AU2018403388A priority patent/AU2018403388B2/en
Priority to EP18901233.9A priority patent/EP3646730B1/en
Priority to US16/633,142 priority patent/US11528908B2/en
Priority to CA3071586A priority patent/CA3071586C/en
Publication of WO2019140990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019140990A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/34—Nitriles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/52—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing groups, e.g. carboxylic acid amidines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/10—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/58—1,2-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
    • A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
    • A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of insecticides characterized by surfactants, and in particular relates to an acaricide and application thereof.
  • Aphids are arachnids of the arthropods. They are highly diverse in terms of morphological structure, living habits and habitats. They are widely distributed, fast-growing, and capable of parthenogenesis, diverse lifestyles, and environment. Strong adaptability and survival in all kinds of environments ("Apply dropouts", ⁇ , Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 1998, 163-205 pages, public day December 31, 1998).
  • locusts can be divided into the following three categories: agroforestry locusts, medical grazing mites and environmental mites.
  • Agroforestry aphids include aphids that live on plants and on animal and plant products. They can be divided into herbivorous acarids and carnivorous aphids according to their feeding habits.
  • the herbivorous aphids mainly include spider mites, mites, whiteflies, mites, and pupa. Dwarf pampas, leaf scorpion scorpion, Pukou scorpion, root scorpion and formazan, etc., the most harmful to human production, causing human diseases, causing chlorotic spots, causing yellowing and shedding of leaves.
  • carnivorous mites mainly include vegetable tanned, long beard, medlar, giant crab, semi-salmon, giant whisker, sucking, carnivorous , velvet mites and large red peony, prey or parasitize other arthropods such as locusts and insects, most of which are biological control factors.
  • Medicinal mites refer to all kinds of diseases that cause animal diseases, parasitic and animal feeding, and mites that live in human and animal habitats, such as mites, mites, Demodex, cockroaches, dust mites.
  • bee stings, itch mites, feather mites, meat mites and hyperthyroidism, etc. can cause dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, hemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, Q fever, wounded encephalitis, plague, Itching, acne, acne, Demodex rosacea, Demodex, external auditory canal pruritus, Demodex blepharitis, etc., spread pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and rickettsia, and spread tsutsugamushi disease, mites Sputum dermatitis, sand sputum fever, Q fever, typhus typhus and irrigated spotted fever.
  • Environmental mites are mites that are decomposed in the soil. They are mainly mites and white mites. Most of them are rotted and eat on decaying animals and plants. They are important decomposers in the soil ecological environment ( "The latest advances in the study of mites in China", Wumar Abu Limu, et al., Biology Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 4, 2009, pp. 12-13, open day, December 31, 2009).
  • Agroforestry locusts are important pests on agricultural and forestry crops, which occur in the field and cause local disasters. They have become a worldwide problem affecting agricultural production ("The effects of nine pesticides on cucumbers and eggs", Chen Xia et al. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2011, 44 pages, public day, February 28, 2011). In some areas where citrus, cotton, vegetables and other crops have been planted for many years, the annual damage is often caused by large-scale production reductions of more than 30%.
  • the agroforestry locusts are mainly composed of adult mites and nymphs clustered on the back of the upper leaves of the plants and the central leaves of the central locusts.
  • the host leaves are sporadically chlorotic spots, and then the leaves are covered with white or pale spots, which seriously affect the photosynthesis of the crops, destroy the normal physiological functions of the host plants, weaken their growth potential, and lightly drop flowers, drop fruit or Fruit malformation, premature senescence of the plant, a significant reduction in production, and the death of the whole plant, causing serious economic losses.
  • the annual losses caused by mites in the world are immeasurable. For example, when cotton seedlings are damaged, they can all fall off, causing light stalks. When the cotton is seriously damaged in the middle and late stages, the number of buds is reduced, the boll opening period is prolonged, cotton production is decreased, and fiber length is shortened.
  • the prevention and control of aphids in agriculture mainly adopt chemical chemical control methods, such as ivermectin preparation, pyrethroid preparation, acaricide, chlorpyrifos, bromozide, hydrazine, benzyl benzoate and fumigant. Etc.
  • chemical chemical control methods such as ivermectin preparation, pyrethroid preparation, acaricide, chlorpyrifos, bromozide, hydrazine, benzyl benzoate and fumigant.
  • Etc. The latest developments in the study of mites in China", Wumar Abu Limu, et al., Biology Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 4, 2009, p. 15, open day, December 31, 2009).
  • the long-term, large-scale and frequent use of chemical pesticides makes it easy for aphids to develop resistance and cross-resistance to most acaricides, and drug resistance develops rapidly, and drug resistance problems are increasing.
  • the existing biological source acaricides include avermectin, alkaloids, flavonoids, citrates and plant essential oils. These biological killing agents are non-toxic, pollution-free, less polluting, and less resistant to chemicals. And high efficiency and many other advantages, so it is highly respected and concerned.
  • the biocide acaricide killing effect is not ideal, the quick-acting effect is not good, the effective period is short, the effect stability is poor, and the control range is narrow, and the resistance of the aphid is continuously improved after long-term application, such as near Due to the high frequency of avermectin in the past year, the resistance of aphids to avermectin has also been continuously improved, and the control effect has been gradually reduced.
  • the mineral emulsifiable concentrate can form an oil film on the worm body, close the stomata, cause the worm to suffocate and kill, and the pest is not easy to produce resistance to it. Mixing with other pesticides can improve the efficacy and Extend the period of validity, ensure that the mist of the liquid will not evaporate too quickly, reduce the drift of the fog, help dissolve the wax layer on the surface of the pest, and effectively protect the natural enemies, and have direct killing and repellent effects on some small pests and pests.
  • the mineral emulsifiable concentrate has a limited range of mites and cannot be applied in the flowering, young fruit and fruit ripening stages of fruit trees, which greatly limits its application range.
  • the inventors have also found that the use of mineral emulsifiable concentrates developed by the Korean company SK, in order to achieve the killing effect, must be applied at a relatively large concentration (100-200 times dilution), and the cost is high.
  • An acaricide comprising: a surfactant and a penetrant.
  • the acaricidal refers to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality or inhibit the growth rate of an ectoparasite belonging to the subclass of the arachnid.
  • the inventors have found that the agent formed by compounding a surfactant and a penetrating agent is used for killing, has good quick-acting property, long effective period, wide application range, no drug residue or less residue, and good stability of killing effect.
  • the acaricide of the invention has wide application range and can be applied in the flowering period, the young fruit stage and the fruit ripening stage of the fruit tree, and can be used not only for the agricultural and forestry aphids, but also for the medical and aphid.
  • the surfactant is an ethoxylated trisiloxane.
  • the ethoxylated trisiloxane is widely used as a spray improver and synergist, and has a certain killing effect only at a high concentration (content 0.667-1.0 g/L), and the killing rate of 72 hours is only It is about 30%, so it cannot be used as an acaricide alone, and plants are prone to serious phytotoxicity at this concentration.
  • the penetrating agent is sodium dioctyl sulfonate sulfonate.
  • the acaricide comprises ethoxylated trisiloxane and sodium dioctyl sulfonate.
  • the mass ratio of the surfactant to the penetrant is 1:0.5-2.
  • the acaricidal effect can be further improved.
  • the mass ratio of the surfactant to the penetrant is 1:0.7-1:1.5.
  • the mass ratio of the surfactant to the penetrant is 1:0.8-1:1.2.
  • acaricide in the acaricide according to the present invention, those skilled in the art may also add an anti-transpiration agent such as glycerin, vegetable oil, mineral oil or methylated vegetable oil to the acaricide of the present invention according to specific use requirements.
  • an anti-transpiration agent such as glycerin, vegetable oil, mineral oil or methylated vegetable oil
  • the acaricide can be used alone, and has a rapid and good killing effect on the eggs, the cubs, the nymphs, and the mites of the mites at a content of 0.05% by weight to 0.10% by weight.
  • the acaricide may also be directly added to amitraz, avermectin, oxazolidine, oxazolidine, guanidine, thiazolone, spirotetramat, snail, fenpropath, and
  • agent such as benzimid
  • the synergistic effect is obtained, and when the content is 0.02% by weight to 0.05% by weight, the aphids can be quickly killed.
  • the acaricide can significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency and the efficacy of the fertilizer, the pesticide, the plant growth regulator and the herbicide used for spraying at a content of 0.02% by weight to 0.10% by weight.
  • the acaricide of the invention has good quick-acting property, and the aphid loses its activity ability within 10 minutes after spraying.
  • the acaricide of the invention has a long-lasting effect, and after spraying 1000 times of the dilution solution, the cockroach does not erupt within 30 days.
  • the acaricide of the invention has wide application range, can be used not only for agricultural and forestry aphids, but also for medical and aphid, and can be applied in flowering, young fruit and fruit ripening stages of fruit trees, and has good quick-acting effect, long effective period and no medicine. Residual or residual, the stability of the killing effect is good.
  • the acaricide of the invention is safe and environmentally friendly, and has no drug residues or few residues.
  • the acaricide of the present invention has good stability.
  • the acaricide of the invention is convenient to use and can be used alone. It has a rapid and good killing effect on the eggs, cubs, nymphs and mites of aphids; it can also be directly added to other medicaments, and can quickly kill Mites.
  • the acaricide of the invention can be used for spraying fertilizers, pesticides, plant growth regulators and herbicides, and can significantly improve fertilizer efficiency and efficacy.
  • the following ethoxylated modified trisiloxane was purchased from Zhejiang Xinnong Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Agricultural Silicone 248 active ingredient content >99%
  • sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate was purchased from Sanda Chemical (Nantong) Co., Ltd.
  • the active ingredient content is 50wt% (50wt% water) or 75wt% (17wt% water, 8wt% ethanol); 1.8% EC avermectin agent purchased from Shandong Zouping Pesticide Co., Ltd.; 20% WP ⁇ Since Jiangsu Kesheng Group Co., Ltd.; 22.4% SC spirotetraethyl ester was purchased from Bayer CropScience (China) Co., Ltd.; 110g/LSC ethazole was purchased from Sumitomo Chemical Shanghai Co., Ltd.; cyanocyanide (cyanoquinone) Pyrethroid 5.0%, xylinone 2.5%) was purchased from Qingdao Kaiyuanxiang Chemical Co., Ltd.; Avi Cyanide (avermectin 0.1%, fenpropathrin 1.7%) was purchased from Jinan Saip Industrial Co., Ltd.; Double armor (200 g / liter) was purchased from Qingdao Haina Biotechnology Co
  • Acaricide sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate with an active ingredient content of 50% by weight is dried under vacuum at a temperature of 140 ° C (vacuum degree 10 kPa) for 4 hours, cooled to room temperature; then ethoxylated trisiloxane The solid obtained after cooling was mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and stirred until the solid matter was dissolved, that is, the acaricide was obtained.
  • Acaricide sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate with an active ingredient content of 75 wt% is dried under vacuum at 140 ° C (vacuum 4 kPa) for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature; then ethoxylated trisiloxane The solid obtained after cooling was mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.7, and stirred at 50 ° C until the solid matter was dissolved, that is, the acaricide was obtained.
  • Acaricide sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate with an active ingredient content of 75 wt% is dried under vacuum at 140 ° C (vacuum 6 kPa) for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature; then ethoxylated trisiloxane The solid obtained after cooling was mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.9, and stirred at 60 ° C until the solid matter was dissolved, that is, the acaricide was obtained.
  • Acaricide ethoxylated trisiloxane and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate with an active ingredient content of 75 wt% are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2, and stirred and mixed to obtain the acaricide. .
  • Acaricide ethoxylated modified trisiloxane and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate having an active ingredient content of 75 wt% are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:2.67, stirred until mixed, and the killing is obtained. Agent.
  • the pesticide field efficacy test method two citrus trees at the flowering stage were randomly selected from each treatment group in the same orchard. Each treatment group was repeatedly tested 4 times, and the average of the number of aphids in the field was determined as 4 times. The final result; the acaricide prepared in Examples 1-5 was diluted 1000 times, the 1.8% EC avermectin was diluted 2000 times, the 20% WP was diluted 2000 times, and the 22.4% SC spirotetramat was diluted 4000 times.
  • 110g/LSC ethazole was diluted 5000 times, and with clear water as control, 25 leaves were randomly selected from each cell before spraying and 3, 10, 15, 20, 30 days after spraying, and the number of live sputum in each treatment group was counted.
  • the data was analyzed by ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison analysis using SPSS 19.0. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the acaricide prepared in Test Example 3 was diluted 1000 times and diluted 1500 times, respectively, and the effect on citrus red spider was diluted with carbamic acid thioxanthone (methrin) 5.0%, thiabendone 2.5%). After the treatment of citrus red spider, and dimethyl cyanide (cypermethrin 5.0%, thiazinone 2.5%) diluted 1000 times and the acaricide prepared in Example 3 diluted 3000 times The medicament, cyanocyanide (cypermethrin 5.0%, thioxanthone 2.5%) is diluted 1000 times and the acaricide prepared in Example 3 is diluted 4000 times, and the methionine is given.
  • the specific test method is as follows: two treatment groups in the same orchard randomly select two oranges in the fruit ripening period, and each treatment group is repeatedly measured four times, and the average value of the number of citrus red spiders measured four times is taken as The final result; and the clear water as the control, before spraying and 3, 10 days after spraying, each plot randomly selected 25 pieces of sugar orange trees in different parts of the sugar orange tree, and count the live citrus red in each treatment group.
  • the number of spiders was analyzed by ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison analysis using SPSS 19.0. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • the acaricide diluted 1000 times and 1500 times of the acaricide prepared in Example 3 is superior to the cyanocyanide 1000 times solution to the citrus red spider; cyanide (cyanoquinone) Pyrethroid 5.0%, thiabendone 2.5%) diluted 1000 times with the acaricide prepared in Example 3 diluted 3000 times the composition of the drug, cyanocyanide (methicyrin 5.0%, thiazide 2.5% Diluted 1000 times with the azide diluted by 4000 times of the acaricide prepared in Example 3, carbamic acid thioxanthone (cypermethrin 5.0%, thiabendone 2.5%) diluted 1000 times and prepared in Example 3
  • the 5,000-fold dilution of the acaricide agent is significantly better than the cyano-thioxanthone 1000-fold solution for the citrus red spider. It is thus proved that the acaricide of the invention has an excellent acaricidal effect on citrus red spider and has a significant synerg
  • the acaricide prepared in Test Example 3 was diluted 1000 times, 1500 times, 2000 times and 3000 times, respectively, and the effect on the citrus red spider was reduced by 1000 times of Avi-methyl cyanide.
  • the double thyroid is diluted 1000 times and the effect on citrus red spider, and the av. dimethyl cyanide diluted 1000 times and the acaricide prepared in Example 3 is diluted 3000 times, and the composition of the metformin is diluted 1000 times.
  • the agent composed of the acaricide prepared in Example 3 was diluted 3000 times to prevent the citrus red spider.
  • the specific test method is as follows: two red grapefruit trees in the young fruit stage are randomly selected from each treatment group in the same orchard, and each treatment group is repeatedly tested 4 times, with the average value as the final result, and the water is used as a control. 50 leaves were randomly selected from different parts of red heart pomelo tree before, after, and 1, 3, and 14 days after spraying. The number of live citrus red spiders in each treatment group was counted, and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD multiples using SPSS19.0. Comparative analysis, the results are shown in Table 3.
  • the 1000 times solution, the 1500 times solution and the 2000 times solution of the acaricide prepared in Example 3 are superior to the citrus red spider in the control effect of the av. carbamic acid 1000 times solution and the amitraz 1000 times solution.
  • the agent consisting of Avi Cyanide 1000 times solution and the acaricide prepared in Example 3 diluted 3000 times is obviously superior to Ace Cyanide 1000 times solution to A. citricone 1000 times solution;
  • the agent which was diluted 3000 times with the acaricide prepared in Example 3 was significantly better than the ampoule 1000 times solution for the citrus red spider. It is thus proved that the acaricide of the invention has an excellent acaricidal effect on citrus red spider, and has a significant synergistic effect on the av. carbonitrile 1000-fold solution and the amitraz 1000-fold solution.
  • the acaricide prepared in Example 1-5 was diluted with 1500 times solution to control the two-spotted spider mites. Ten cowpea seedlings were randomly selected from each plot, and each treatment group was repeatedly tested four times, with the average value as the final. Results, with clear water as control, before and after spraying, 1, 3, 14 days after spraying, each cell randomly selected 50 leaves of different orientations of cowpea, and the number of live ticks in each treatment group was counted, and the data was varianced by SPSS 19.0. Analysis and LSD multiple comparison analysis, the results are shown in Table 4.
  • Each processing group of the same vegetable garden treated the plot area of 3 ⁇ 3m 2 , repeated 5 times, taking the average value as the final result, and taking the water as the control; diluting 600 times with 72% frost urea ⁇ manganese zinc for 1 time, 2
  • the sub- and three-time treatment groups were separated by an interval of 7 days.
  • the acaricide synergist prepared in Examples 1-5 was diluted 3000 times and the agent consisting of 72% frost urea ⁇ manganese zinc diluted 600 times was sprayed once. Each time, the lettuce leaves were uniformly sprayed with wet water as the control, and fresh water was used as the control. After the first spraying, 5 lettuces were randomly selected from each plot, and each plant was examined for 5 leaves from bottom to top. Each leaf was graded according to the percentage of diseased leaf area, and the disease index and control effect were calculated.
  • the grading standards are as follows: level 0 is no disease spot; level 1 is the lesion area accounting for less than 5% of the whole leaf area; level 3 is the lesion area accounting for 6%-10% of the whole leaf area; level 5 is the area of the lesion area. The whole leaf area is 11%-25%; the level 7 is the lesion area accounting for 26%-50% of the whole leaf area; the 9th level is the lesion area accounting for more than 50% of the whole leaf area.
  • the data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison analysis using SPSS 19.0. The results are shown in Table 6.
  • Example 7 the acaricide prepared in Example 3 was compared with the 1500-fold dilution of the ethoxy-modified trisiloxane and the 1500-fold dilution of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate prepared in Example 1.
  • the mortality of the 1500-fold dilution and the 3000-fold dilution for 10 minutes and 72 hours of citrus scorpion sputum was significantly improved. It was thus confirmed that the acaricide of the present invention can significantly improve the killing effect.
  • Example 1 Number of insects / only Egg number / grain
  • the acaricide of Example 1 1200 ⁇ 9.46bB 1.45bB
  • the acaricide of Example 2 1200 ⁇ 8.64bB 1.85bB
  • the acaricide of Example 3 1200 ⁇ 1.56aA 0.25aA
  • the acaricide of Example 4 1200 ⁇ 7.37bB 1.85bB
  • the acaricide of Example 5 1200 ⁇ 7.25bB 1.65bB Clear water control 97.5cC 58.8cC
  • the acaricide of the present invention has an excellent killing effect on citrus scorpion and its eggs.

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Abstract

本发明属于以表面活性剂为特征的杀虫剂技术领域，具体涉及一种杀螨剂，所述杀螨剂包括表面活性剂和渗透剂。该杀螨剂速效性好，有效期长，安全环保；稳定性好；应用范围广，不仅能够用于农林螨虫，也能够用于医牧螨虫，无药物残留或残留少，杀螨效果的稳定性好；使用方便，可以单独使用，也可直接添加在其他药剂中。

Description

杀螨剂及其应用 技术领域
本发明属于以表面活性剂为特征的杀虫剂技术领域，具体涉及一种杀螨剂及其应用。
背景技术
螨虫为节肢动物门蛛形纲蜱螨亚纲动物，在形态结构、生活习性及栖息场所等方面均具有高度多样性，其分布广泛，繁殖快，且能孤雌生殖，生活方式多样，对环境适应能力强，在各种环境中均可生存(“应用蜱螨学”，忻介六，上海：复旦大学出版社，1998年，163-205页，公开日1998年12月31日)。
按照经济意义，可将螨虫分为以下三类：农林螨虫、医牧螨虫和环境螨虫。农林螨虫包括生活于植物体上及动植物产品上的螨虫，按照食性可分为植食性螨虫和肉食性螨虫，植食性螨虫主要有叶螨、瘿螨、粉螨、跗线螨、蒲螨、矮蒲螨、叶爪螨、浦口螨、根螨及甲螨等，刺吸或咀嚼危害，绝大多数是人类生产的破坏者，可引起人类疾病，造成褪绿斑点，引起叶片黄化、脱落，枝叶畸形，嚼贮藏物品，传播真菌，使贮藏物品变质；肉食性螨类主要有植绥螨、长须螨、美绥螨、巨蟹螨、半疥螨、巨须螨、吸螨、肉食螨、绒螨及大赤螨等，捕食或寄生其他螨虫、昆虫等节肢动物，多数是生物防治因子。医牧螨虫是指能引起动物疾病的所有种类，有寄生人及饲养动物身体的和生活于人及饲养动物居住场所的螨类，如蜱类、疥螨、蠕形螨、恙螨、尘螨、蜂螨、痒螨、羽螨、肉螨及甲螨等，可引起皮炎、过敏性皮炎、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、出血热、莱姆病、Q热、伤林脑炎、鼠疫、瘙痒、粉刺、疥疮、蠕形螨性酒渣鼻、蠕形螨性外耳道瘙痒症、蠕形螨性睑缘炎等疾病，传播细菌、病毒和立克次体等病原微生物，传播恙虫病、恙螨性皮炎、沙螨热、Q热、斑疹伤寒和灌林斑疹热等疾病。环境螨类是指生活在土壤中起分解作用的螨类，主要有甲螨、粉螨，大多数是腐食性的，以腐烂的动、植物为食，是土壤生态环境中的重要分解者(“我国螨类研究的最新进展”，吾玛尔·阿布力牧等，生物学通报，2009年第44卷第4期，第12-13页，公开日2009年12月31日)。
农林螨虫是农林作物上重要的有害生物，在田间普遍发生，局部成灾，已成为影响农业生产的世界性问题(“9种农药对黄瓜新绥螨若螨和卵的影响”，陈霞等，中国生物防治学报，2011年第27卷第1期，44页，公开日2011年2月28日)。在一些长年种植柑桔、棉花、蔬菜等作物的地区连年为害，常导致30％以上的面积大规模减产甚至绝收。农林螨虫主要以成螨、若螨群集在植物上部嫩叶和中部健叶的背面，螨虫盛发期可在植物上形成一层薄丝网，丝网上附着大量卵、若螨、幼螨，从而使植株的生长发育受到严重影响。其主要通过 刺吸式口器刺入叶片组织，取食栅栏层细胞的叶绿粒和细胞液而对植物造成危害，植物细胞的破坏会引起植物生理机能的改变，进而对植物有机体造成一系列的损害，包括水分平衡失调、光合作用过程受损以及毒素或生长调节物的影响等。为害初期使寄主叶面零星产生褪绿斑点，随后叶片上布满白色或苍白色的斑点，严重影响作物的光合作用，破坏寄主植物正常的生理机能，削弱其生长势，轻则落花、落果或果实畸形，植株早衰，大幅减产，重则整株死亡，造成严重经济损失。全世界每年因螨害造成的损失不可估量，如棉苗受害时，可全部落叶，造成光秆，棉花中后期严重受害时蕾铃数量减少，吐絮期延长，棉产量下降，纤维长度缩短。为害玉米时，叶片初期出现针头大小的失绿斑块，严重时整个叶片发黄、发皱直至干枯脱落，籽粒变小，造成减产甚至绝收；为害茶树时使叶片失绿变褐，叶质硬厚，成品茶焦味重、汤色混浊有异味，产量和品质严重下降；柑橘受螨虫为害，会导致嫩梢、叶片、果实表皮产生坏死斑点，破坏果树营养，限制果树营养生长，柑橘产量和品质显著下降。因此，防治螨虫为害已成为农业生产的重要任务之一。目前，农业上对螨虫的防治主要采用化学药剂防治方法，如伊维菌素制剂、拟除虫菊酯制剂、杀螨剂、虫螨特、溴螨特、哒螨灵、苯甲酸苄酯和熏蒸剂等等(“我国螨类研究的最新进展”，吾玛尔·阿布力牧等，生物学通报，2009年第44卷第4期，第15页，公开日2009年12月31日)。然而，化学杀虫剂长期、大量和频繁使用，使螨虫很容易对大部分杀螨剂产生抗性和交互抗性，且抗药性发展快速，抗药性问题日益加剧。
目前的研究表明，农林螨虫已对有机磷类、有机氯类、拟除虫菊酯类、线粒体电子传递链抑制剂类及新型季酮酸类等杀螨剂产生了不同程度的抗药性。为了防治螨虫的为害，人们增加了药剂的施用浓度、剂量和频率，防治次数高达10-30次/年。如中国南方某成年柑桔园，防治螨虫一年施药次数可达30次，防治费用占整个农业防治费用的80％以上，极大增加了农业生产成本。且这些化学农药还大量杀伤螨虫天敌，致使螨虫为害更加猖獗，恶性循环，造成了严重的食品安全问题，同时，农药残留问题突出，既造成了严重的食品安全风险，又对周围的自然环境造成了严重的污染，使人类生存环境受损，对生态安全也带来极大影响，严重制约了粮棉果蔬等产业的可持续健康发展。
为了解决以上问题，人们研制出了生物源杀螨药剂。目前，已有的生物源杀螨药剂有阿维菌素、生物碱、黄酮类、柠檬素类及植物精油等，这些生物源杀螨药剂具有无毒、无公害、污染少、不易产生抗药性和高效等诸多优点，因此备受推崇和关注。然而，与化学农药相比，生物源杀螨剂杀螨效果不理想，速效性不好，有效期短，效果的稳定性差，且防治范围窄，长期施用后螨虫的抗药性不断提高，如近些年来由于高频率使用阿维菌素，螨虫对阿维菌素的抗性也不断提高，防治效果逐渐降低。
因此，韩国SK公司研制出矿物乳油作为杀螨药剂，该矿物乳油能在虫体上形成油膜，封闭气孔，使害虫窒息致死，害虫不易对其产生抗药性，与其他农药混用可提高药效并延长持效期，保证药液雾点不会太快蒸发，减少雾点飘移，帮助溶解害虫表面蜡层，且能够有效保护天敌，对一些小型害虫、害螨具有直接杀死和拒避作用。但是，该矿物乳油杀螨范围有限，不能在果树花期、幼果期和果实成熟期施用，大大限制其应用范围。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种杀螨剂，该杀螨剂的应用范围广。
发明人还发现，用韩国SK公司研制的矿物乳油杀螨，要实现杀螨效果，必须施以较大的浓度(100-200倍稀释)，成本较高。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
杀螨剂，所述杀螨剂包括：表面活性剂和渗透剂。
所述杀螨是指物质提高属于蛛形纲蜱螨亚纲的体外寄生虫的死亡率或抑制其生长率的能力。
发明人发现，将表面活性剂与渗透剂复配形成的药剂，用于杀螨，速效性好，有效期长，应用范围广，无药物残留或残留少，杀螨效果的稳定性好。
本发明的杀螨剂应用范围广，能够在果树花期、幼果期和果实成熟期施用，不仅能够用于农林螨虫，也能够用于医牧螨虫。
进一步，所述表面活性剂为乙氧基改性三硅氧烷。
所述乙氧基改性三硅氧烷广泛作为喷雾改良剂和增效剂，其只有在高浓度下(含量0.667-1.0g/L)有一定的杀螨作用，72小时的杀螨率仅为30％左右，因此不能单独作为杀螨剂，而在此浓度时植物易出现严重药害。
进一步，所述渗透剂为琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠。
进一步，所述杀螨剂包括乙氧基改性三硅氧烷和琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠。
进一步，表面活性剂和渗透剂的质量比为：1:0.5-2。
将表面活性剂和渗透剂按照以上配比进行复配，能够进一步提高杀螨效果。
进一步，表面活性剂和渗透剂的质量比为：1:0.7-1:1.5。
进一步，表面活性剂和渗透剂的质量比为：1:0.8-1:1.2。
在依据本发明的杀螨剂中，本领域技术人员还可根据具体的使用要求，在本发明的杀螨剂中添加丙三醇、植物油、矿物油及甲基化植物油等防蒸腾剂。上述防蒸腾剂对于本领域普通技术人员而言是清楚的概念。
本发明的目的还在于保护所述杀螨剂在杀螨中的应用。
所述杀螨剂可以单独使用，在含量为0.05wt％-0.10wt％时，对螨虫的卵、幼螨、若螨、成螨，均有快速、良好的杀灭效果。
所述杀螨剂也可以直接添加到双甲脒、阿维菌素、乙螨唑、唑螨酯、哒螨灵、噻螨酮、螺虫乙酯、螺螨脂、甲氰菊酯、联苯菊酯等药剂中，起到增效杀螨效果，在含量为0.02wt％-0.05wt％时，能够快速杀灭螨虫。
本发明的目的还在于保护所述杀螨剂在喷施的肥料、农药、植物生长调节剂和除草剂中的应用。
所述杀螨剂在含量为0.02wt％-0.10wt％时，用于喷施的肥料、农药、植物生长调节剂和除草剂中，能够显著提高肥效和药效。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的杀螨剂速效性好,喷施后10分钟内螨虫就失去活动能力。
本发明的杀螨剂持效期长，喷施1000倍稀释液一次后,螨在30天内不爆发。本发明的杀螨剂应用范围广，不仅能够用于农林螨虫，也能够用于医牧螨虫，且能在果树花期、幼果期和果实成熟期施用，且速效性好，有效期长，无药物残留或残留少，杀螨效果的稳定性好。
本发明的杀螨剂安全环保，无药物残留或残留少。
本发明的杀螨剂效果的稳定性好。
本发明的杀螨剂使用方便，可以单独使用，对螨虫的卵、幼螨、若螨、成螨，均有快速、良好的杀灭效果；也可直接添加在其他药剂中,能够快速杀灭螨虫。
本发明的杀螨剂用于喷施的肥料、农药、植物生长调节剂和除草剂中，能够显著提高肥效和药效。
具体实施方式
所举实施例是为了更好地对本发明的内容进行说明，但并不是本发明的内容仅限于所举实施例。所以熟悉本领域的技术人员根据上述发明内容对实施方案进行非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。
以下乙氧基改性三硅氧烷购自浙江新农化工股份有限公司的农用有机硅248(有效成分含量>99％)；琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠购自桑达化工(南通)有限公司，有效成分含量为50wt％(含水50wt％)或75wt％(含水17wt％，含乙醇8wt％)；1.8％EC阿维菌素药剂购自山东邹平农药有限公司；20％WP哒螨灵购自江苏克胜集团股份有限公司；22.4％SC螺虫乙酯购自拜耳作物科学(中国)有限公司；110g/LSC乙螨唑购自住友化学上海有限公司；甲氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)购自青岛凯源祥化工有限公司；阿维·甲氰(阿维菌素0.1％，甲氰菊酯1.7％)购自济南赛普实业有限公司；双甲脒(200克/升)购自青岛海纳 生物科技有限公司；72％霜脲·锰锌购自上海杜邦农化有限公司。
实施例1
杀螨剂：将有效成分含量为50wt％的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠于140℃温度下真空干燥(真空度10kPa)4小时，冷却至室温；然后将乙氧基改性三硅氧烷与冷却后所得固体按照质量比1:0.5混合，搅拌至固体物溶解完为止，即得所述杀螨剂。
实施例2
杀螨剂：将有效成分含量为75wt％的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠于140℃温度下真空干燥(真空度4kPa)2小时，冷却至室温；然后将乙氧基改性三硅氧烷与冷却后所得固体按照质量比1:0.7混合，50℃下搅拌至固体物溶解完为止，即得所述杀螨剂。
实施例3
杀螨剂：将有效成分含量为75wt％的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠于140℃温度下真空干燥(真空度6kPa)3小时，冷却至室温；然后将乙氧基改性三硅氧烷与冷却后所得固体按照质量比1:0.9混合，60℃下搅拌至固体物溶解完为止，即得所述杀螨剂。
实施例4
杀螨剂：将乙氧基改性三硅氧烷和有效成分含量为75wt％的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠按照质量比1:2混合，搅拌混匀为止，即得所述杀螨剂。
实施例5
杀螨剂：将乙氧基改性三硅氧烷和有效成分含量为75wt％的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠按照质量比1:2.67混合，搅拌至混匀为止，即得所述杀螨剂。
杀螨效果性能测试
按农药田间药效试验方法，同一个果园内每个处理组随机选取两株处于花期的柑桔树，每个处理组重复测定4次，以4次测定的田间统计的螨虫数量的平均值作为最终结果；实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂稀释1000倍，1.8％EC阿维菌素稀释2000倍，20％WP哒螨灵稀释2000倍、22.4％SC螺虫乙酯稀释4000倍、110g/LSC乙螨唑稀释5000倍，并以清水为对照，喷施前和喷施后3、10、15、20、30天每个小区随机选取25张叶片，统计每个处理组活螨数，采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行方差分析和LSD多重比较分析,结果如表1所示。
表1 对柑桔螨虫的防效
Figure PCTCN2018114804-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018114804-appb-000002
备注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，同列大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)；1000×、2000×、4000×和5000×分别表示稀释1000倍、2000倍、4000倍和5000倍。
由表1可知，实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂喷施后3天对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效即达100％，且喷施后30天防效无明显降低。由此证明，本发明的杀螨剂具有优良的杀螨速效性和效果稳定性，持效期长。
测试实施例3制得的杀螨剂分别稀释1000倍和稀释1500倍后对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效，甲氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)稀释1000倍后对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效，及甲氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释3000倍组成的药剂、甲氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释4000倍组成的药剂、甲氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释5000倍组成的药剂对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效。具体测试方法为：同一个果园内每个处理组随机选取两株处于果实成熟期的沙糖桔树，每个处理组重复测定4次，以4次测定的柑桔红蜘蛛数量的平均值作为最终结果；并以清水为对照，喷施前和喷施后3、10天每个小区在沙糖桔树的不同部位随机选25张沙糖桔树叶片，统计每个处理组活柑桔红蜘蛛数，采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行方差分析和LSD多重比较分析,结果如表2所示。
表2 对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效
Figure PCTCN2018114804-appb-000003
备注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，同列大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)；1000×、1500×、3000×、4000×和5000×分别表示稀释1000倍、1500倍、3000倍、4000倍和5000倍。
由表2可知，实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释1000倍液和1500倍液对柑桔红蜘蛛防效明显优于甲氰·噻螨酮1000倍液；氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释3000倍组成的药剂、甲氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释4000倍组成的药剂、甲氰·噻螨酮(甲氰菊酯5.0％，噻螨酮2.5％)稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释5000倍组成的药剂对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效明显优于甲氰·噻螨酮1000倍液。由此证明，本发明的杀螨剂对柑桔红蜘蛛具有优异的杀螨效果，且对甲氰·噻螨酮1000倍液有显著的增效作用。
测试实施例3制得的杀螨剂分别稀释1000倍、1500倍、2000倍和3000倍后对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效，阿维·甲氰稀释1000倍后对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效，双甲脒稀释1000倍后对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效，及阿维·甲氰稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释3000倍组成的药剂、甲双甲脒稀释1000倍与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释3000倍组成的药剂对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效。具体测试方法为：同一个果园内每个处理组随机选取两株处于幼果期的红心柚树，每个处理组重复测定4次，以其平均值作为最终结果，并以清水为对照，喷施前和喷施后1、3、14天在红心柚树的不同部位随机选50张叶片，统计每个处理组的活柑桔红蜘蛛数，采用SPSS19.0对数据进行方差分析和LSD多重比较分析，结果如表3所示。
表3 对柑桔红蜘蛛的防效
Figure PCTCN2018114804-appb-000004
备注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，同列大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)；1000×、1500×、2000×和3000×分别表示稀释1000倍、1500倍、2000倍和3000倍。
由表3可知，实施例3制得的杀螨剂1000倍液、1500倍液和2000倍液对柑桔红蜘蛛防效明显优于阿维·甲氰1000倍液和双甲脒1000倍液；阿维·甲氰1000倍液与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释3000倍组成的药剂对柑桔红蜘蛛防效明显优于阿维·甲氰1000倍液；双甲脒1000倍液与实施例3制得的杀螨剂稀释3000倍组成的药剂对柑桔红蜘蛛防效明显优于双甲脒1000倍液。由此证明，本发明的杀螨剂对柑桔红蜘蛛具有优异的杀螨效果，且对阿维·甲氰1000倍液和双甲脒1000倍液具有显著的增效作用。
测试实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂稀释1500倍液对二斑叶螨的防效，每个小区随机选取10株豇豆幼苗，每个处理组重复测定4次，以其平均值作为最终结果，并以清水为对照，喷施前和喷施后1、3、14天每个小区随机选取豇豆不同方位50张叶片，统计每个处理组的活螨数，采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行方差分析和LSD多重比较分析，结果如表4所示。
表4 对二斑叶螨杀螨防效
Figure PCTCN2018114804-appb-000005
备注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，同列大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)；1500×表示稀释1500倍。
由表4可知，本发明的杀螨剂1500倍液喷施后3天，对二斑叶螨的防效即达到99.42％-100％。由此证明，本发明的杀螨剂对二斑叶螨具有速效性，并具有优异的杀螨效果。
测试实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂稀释1000倍液对山羊螨害的防效，同一个养殖场内选择经过临床症状观察和镜检的有典型螨虫病临床症状的山羊60只，把全部试验羊的毛剪掉，每个处理组随机选取山羊10只，用相应稀释倍数的杀螨剂均匀涂抹在羊的全身，并以清水为对照，分开饲养，用药后第3天、7天、30天，用消毒的凸刃小刀在羊背部，臀部和头部刮取皮屑进行处理和镜检，检样在显微镜下观察，若虫体体肢不运动或虫体变形则为死亡，判定为阴性；否则为阳性。未发现活虫体，且患羊背部，臀部和头部没有瘙痒不安的症状者视为治愈。虫体转阴率＝虫体转阴羊的数量/同组实验羊数量×100％；螨病治愈率＝螨病治愈羊数量/同组实验羊数量×100％。结果如表5所示。
表5 对山羊螨害防效
Figure PCTCN2018114804-appb-000006
备注：1000×表示稀释1000倍。
由表5可知，本发明的杀螨剂1000倍液涂抹后30天，对山羊螨害虫体转阴率7天即达到100％，30天的治愈率平均达到90％-100％。由此证明，本发明的杀螨剂对山羊螨害具有优异的杀螨效果。
测试72％霜脲·锰锌稀释600倍液分别施用一次、两次和三次及实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂(增效剂)稀释3000倍液与72％霜脲·锰锌稀释600倍液组成的药剂一次对莴苣霜霉病的防效。同一个菜园每个处理组处理小区面积3×3m 2，重复5次，以其平均值作为最终结果，并以清水为对照；用72％霜脲·锰锌稀释600倍液喷1次、2次和3次处理组，间隔时间为7天，实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂增效剂稀释3000倍液与72％霜脲·锰锌稀释600倍液组成的药剂则喷一次，每次均以将莴苣叶片正反面均匀喷湿为准，并以清水为对照；第一次喷施后21天在每小区中随机选取5棵莴苣，每株由下而上查5张叶片，每叶按病斑占叶面积的百分率分级，计算病情指数和防效。分级标准如下:0级为无病斑；1级为病斑面积占整个叶面积的5％以下；3级为病斑面积占整个叶面积的6％-10％；5级为病斑面积占整个叶面积的11％-25％；7级为病斑面积占整个叶面积的26％-50％；9级为病斑面积占整个叶面积的50％以上。病情指数＝(∑病级叶片数×该病级数值)/(调查总叶数×最高病级数值)；相对防效(％)＝[(对照区病情指数-处理区指数)/对照区病情指数]×100％。采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行方差分析和LSD多重比较分析，结果如表6所示。
表6 对莴苣霜霉病防效
处理 病情指数 相对防效/％
72％霜脲·锰锌600×(施用一次) 59 0cC
72％霜脲·锰锌600×(施用二次) 28.4 51.0bB
72％霜脲·锰锌600×(施用三次) 4.8 91.7aA
实施例1的杀螨剂3000×+72％霜脲·锰锌600× 2.8 95.2aA
实施例2的杀螨剂3000×+72％霜脲·锰锌600× 5.7 90.2aA
实施例3的杀螨剂3000×+72％霜脲·锰锌600× 3.1 94.7aA
实施例4的杀螨剂3000×+72％霜脲·锰锌600× 4.2 92.8aA
实施例5的杀螨剂3000×+72％霜脲·锰锌600× 4.5 92.2aA
清水对照 58 0cC
备注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，同列大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)；600×和3000×分别表示稀释600倍和3000倍。
由表6可知，实施例1-5制得的增效剂3000倍液与72％霜脲·锰锌稀释600倍液组成的药剂只需要喷施一次对莴苣霜霉病的防效就可以达到72％霜脲·锰锌稀释600倍液喷施三次的防效，显著好于72％霜脲·锰锌稀释600倍液喷施一次或者两次的防治效果。由此证明，本发明的增效剂可以显著提高一些杀菌剂如72％霜脲·锰锌对莴苣霜霉病害的防治效果。
采用载玻片法，测试实施例3制得的杀螨剂1500倍和3000倍稀释液、乙氧基改性三硅氧烷1500倍稀释液，以及实施例1制得的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠固体1500倍稀释液对柑橘全爪 螨成螨的影响，每个处理组50头柑橘全爪螨，重复测定4次，并以清水为对照，喷施后10分钟和72小时统计每个处理组的活成螨数，以其平均值作为最终结果，采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行方差分析和LSD多重比较分析，结果如表7所示。
表7 对柑橘全爪螨成螨的影响
Figure PCTCN2018114804-appb-000007
备注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，同列大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)；1500×和3000×分别表示稀释1500倍和3000倍。
由表7可知，与乙氧基改性三硅氧烷1500倍稀释液和实施例1制得的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠1500倍稀释液相比，实施例3制得的杀螨剂1500倍稀释液和3000倍稀释液处理10分钟和72小时柑橘全爪螨成螨的死亡率得到了显著提高。由此证明，本发明的杀螨剂能够显著提高杀螨效果。
测试实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂1200倍稀释液对柑橘全爪螨的影响，采用离体柑桔叶片培养法，采集来自于同一株健康柑桔树的叶片，每张柑桔叶片人工接种雌成螨20头，每个处理5张叶片，重复4次，以其平均值作为最终结果；培养1周后浸入实施例1-5制得的杀螨剂1200倍液3秒，以清水为对照，叶面干燥后，继续培养1周，解剖镜下统计柑橘全爪螨的只数和卵的数量，采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行方差分析和LSD多重比较分析，结果如表8所示。
表8 对柑橘全爪螨的影响
  虫数/只 卵数/粒
实施例1的杀螨剂1200× 9.46bB 1.45bB
实施例2的杀螨剂1200× 8.64bB 1.85bB
实施例3的杀螨剂1200× 1.56aA 0.25aA
实施例4的杀螨剂1200× 7.37bB 1.85bB
实施例5的杀螨剂1200× 7.25bB 1.65bB
清水对照 97.5cC 58.8cC
备注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，同列大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)；1200×表示稀释1200倍。
由表8可知，本发明的杀螨剂对柑橘全爪螨及其卵具有优异的杀灭效果。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (9)

  1. 杀螨剂，其特征在于，所述杀螨剂包括：表面活性剂和渗透剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的杀螨剂，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为乙氧基改性三硅氧烷。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的杀螨剂，其特征在于，所述渗透剂为琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的杀螨剂，其特征在于，所述杀螨剂包括乙氧基改性三硅氧烷和琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠。
  5. 根据权利要求1、2、3或4所述的杀螨剂，其特征在于，表面活性剂和渗透剂的质量比为：1:0.5-2。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的杀螨剂，其特征在于，表面活性剂和渗透剂的质量比为：1:0.7-1:1.5。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的杀螨剂，其特征在于，表面活性剂和渗透剂的质量比为：1:0.8-1:1.2。
  8. 权利要求1-7任一项所述杀螨剂在杀螨中的应用。
  9. 权利要求1-7任一项所述杀螨剂在喷施的肥料、农药、植物生长调节剂和除草剂中的应用。
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