WO2019141277A1 - 多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法 - Google Patents

多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019141277A1
WO2019141277A1 PCT/CN2019/072569 CN2019072569W WO2019141277A1 WO 2019141277 A1 WO2019141277 A1 WO 2019141277A1 CN 2019072569 W CN2019072569 W CN 2019072569W WO 2019141277 A1 WO2019141277 A1 WO 2019141277A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
unit
spectral
generating unit
lighting
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/072569
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘可星
冬雪川
黄叶权
巩红卫
张雪莲
张劲松
尼克
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Beijing Mingda Tongze Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Shengda Tongze Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Mingda Tongze Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Shengda Tongze Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Beijing Mingda Tongze Technology Co Ltd, Shenzhen Shengda Tongze Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Mingda Tongze Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP19741768.6A priority Critical patent/EP3744231A4/en
Priority to US16/962,515 priority patent/US20210085176A1/en
Publication of WO2019141277A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019141277A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0008—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with illuminating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A61B3/15—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing
    • A61B3/156—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing for blocking
    • A61B3/158—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing for blocking of corneal reflection

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of fundus imaging technology, and more particularly to a multi-spectral generating unit and a fundus imaging system and method.
  • a fundus imaging system can use a halogen lamp or a xenon white light source, a light emitting diode, or a scanning laser as a light source to acquire a fundus retina image.
  • Current fundus camera pixel sensors use different filter techniques to separate white light into red, green and blue spectra to obtain retinal images.
  • Retinal imaging using xenon or other white light sources, and red, green, and blue image acquisition devices can produce color images of the retina or anterior segment of the eye, but the power of xenon white light source illumination at different wavelengths is large and limited. Separating the Xenon white light into a plurality of narrow-band spectra with a large amount of tasks is difficult to achieve; at the same time, the neon illumination is strong, and repeated irradiation causes the pupil contraction to be reduced, making imaging difficult.
  • Fundus imaging can also use laser scanning illumination technology, which delivers light through a pinhole. The scanning laser can obtain a small number of discrete wavelengths, but the laser is expensive and bulky, and needs to occupy a large internal space of the device. Therefore, the laser scanning has poor practicability, and there is a great safety hazard to the use of the laser for the eye.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a multi-spectral generating unit and a fundus imaging system and method, and provide a multi-spectral generating unit with better performance for a fundus imaging system or other imaging and illumination systems, thereby improving imaging capability and imaging. Clearer.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a multi-spectral light generating unit, the multi-spectral light generating unit includes one or more lighting units and a control unit; the lighting unit includes a matrix of light emitting diodes, each of which emits a plurality of wavelengths
  • the control unit converts the control command sent from the central controller into a control signal, triggers a specified illumination unit, and the specified LED matrix emits light of a set wavelength and a set energy to output multi-spectral light;
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit further includes a light guiding device; the light guiding device is coupled to the lighting unit;
  • the light guiding device is configured to shape the light emitted by the light emitting diode matrix of the lighting unit to output multi-spectral light of a set shape.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit further comprises a beam shaping unit; the input end of the beam shaping unit is connected to the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit; the output end of the beam shaping unit is connected to the light guiding device; and the beam shaping unit is configured to adjust The light distribution of the respective wavelengths emitted by the light-emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit is such that the light of each wavelength is evenly distributed on the cross section of the output end of the beam shaping unit; the light guiding device is further configured to arrange the optical fibers according to the set arrangement, and the light beam The output light of the shaping unit is further shaped to output a multi-spectral light of a set shape.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit comprises a beam shaping unit; the input end of the beam shaping unit is connected to the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit; and the beam shaping unit is configured to adjust the light of each wavelength emitted by the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit The distribution is such that light of each wavelength is evenly distributed over the cross section of the output end of the beam shaping unit, thereby outputting uniform multispectral light.
  • said light guiding device comprises a bundle of optical fibers that match the number of light emitting diodes of the illumination unit; the bundle of optical fibers of each of the light guiding devices comprises a set number of optical fibers; at the input of the optical guiding device, each set of optical fiber bundles The cores are evenly arranged on the light emitting surface of the corresponding light emitting diode matrix; each of the fiber bundles corresponds to each of the light emitting diode positions; each fiber bundle includes one or more fibers in each of the fiber bundles; The output of the device forms a set shape and a set number of fibers.
  • the beam shaping unit comprises a light homogenizing device.
  • the light homogenizing device is a homogenizing rod; the input end of the light homogenizing rod is coupled to the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit; the shape of the input end of the homogenizing rod is matched with the shape of the LED matrix of the illumination unit; The output of the rod is docked with the fiber optic bundle of the light guide.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit comprises a beam uniform diverging unit; the beam uniform diverging unit is mounted at an end of the light guiding device to further uniformly diverge the light of the set shape beam.
  • the beam uniform diverging unit is a frosted glass diffusion sheet.
  • the frosted glass diffuser has the characteristics of simplicity, low cost and good astigmatism.
  • the light emitting diode matrix of the above lighting unit is arranged in a square array.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit comprises one or two illumination units, and one or two beam shaping units corresponding to the number of illumination units, one or two light guiding devices; the control unit transmits control from the central controller The command is converted to a control signal to control one or two lighting units.
  • the output end of the light guiding device is a half ring structure; the half ring structures at the output ends of the two light guiding devices are matched with each other; and the half ring structures at the output ends of the two light guiding devices can be combined to form a full ring.
  • the output end of the light guiding device comprises a full ring structure; the full ring structure is configured to arrange the fibers of the output end of the beam shaping unit into a full ring of a set radius; and one of the output ends of the two light guiding devices is externally
  • the ring structure, the other full ring is an inner ring structure; the outer ring structure has a radius larger than the inner ring structure.
  • the output end of the light guiding device comprises two sets of quarter ring structures; the quarter ring structure is configured to arrange the fibers of the output end of the light guiding device into an arc; and the output ends of the two light guiding devices are quarterped A ring structure is evenly distributed along the same circumference.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a fundus imaging system, comprising: the multi-spectral light generating unit; and a central controller and an image collecting device, wherein the central controller and the image capturing device are respectively connected to the control unit.
  • the central controller is configured to issue a control command to the multi-spectral light generating unit
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit is configured to convert a control command sent from the central controller into a control signal, triggering a specified light-emitting diode matrix to emit light of a set wavelength and a set energy to output multi-spectral light. ;
  • the image acquisition device is configured to acquire a fundus image in an environment of multi-spectral light.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a multi-spectral light generating unit, the unit further includes a light energy detector; the light energy detector is electrically connected to the control unit,
  • the light energy detector is mounted on one side of the matrix of the light emitting diodes and configured to detect the energy of the multi-spectral light and transmit the energy of the multi-spectral light to the control unit;
  • the control unit is configured to control the light emitting diodes of the lighting unit to turn off when the energy of the multispectral light is greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a fundus imaging method, the method is applied to a fundus imaging system; the system includes a central controller, an image acquisition device, and the multi-spectral light generating unit, the central controller and the image capturing device respectively Communicating with the control unit, the method includes:
  • the central controller issues a control command to the control unit
  • the control unit converts the control command sent by the central controller into a control signal
  • the control unit triggers the specified light-emitting diode matrix to emit light of a set wavelength and a set energy
  • the light guiding device shapes the light emitted by the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit to output the multi-spectral light of the set shape
  • the central controller controls the image acquisition device to acquire a fundus image in an environment of outputting a multi-spectral light of a set shape
  • the central controller processes the fundus image to produce a final fundus image.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit comprises a first lighting unit and a second lighting unit
  • the fundus imaging system further comprises an image capturing device
  • the light guiding device connected to the first lighting unit and the second lighting unit comprises a half ring structure or two
  • the control unit triggers a specified illumination unit, and the specified LED matrix emits light of a set wavelength and a set energy
  • the light guide device shapes the light emitted by the illumination unit light-emitting diode matrix to Outputting the multi-spectral light of the set shape
  • the step of the central controller controlling the image acquisition device to acquire and generate the fundus image in the environment of outputting the multi-spectral light of the set shape includes:
  • Controlling by the control unit, that the first lighting unit lights up and emits light of a set wavelength and set energy, and the second lighting unit is turned off;
  • the light guiding device shapes the light that is lit and emitted by the first lighting unit to output multi-spectral light of a set wavelength and a set energy
  • the central controller is used to control the image capturing device to collect the first fundus image in an environment of setting the wavelength and setting the energy of the light;
  • control unit is used to control the second lighting unit to illuminate and emit the light of the set wavelength and the set energy, and the first lighting unit is turned off;
  • the image capture device is then controlled to acquire a second fundus image in an environment of light of a set wavelength.
  • the step of the central controller processing the fundus image to generate a final fundus image comprises:
  • the effective image is merged into a corresponding position in the first fundus image by the central controller to generate a final fundus image.
  • the system further comprises a light energy detector; the light energy detector is electrically connected to the control unit, and the light energy detector is mounted on one side of the light emitting diode matrix, the method further comprising:
  • a light energy detector to detect the energy of the multi-spectral light and transmitting the energy of the multi-spectral light to the control unit
  • the light-emitting diode of the control lighting unit is turned off when the energy of the multi-spectral light is greater than a preset threshold by the control unit.
  • the step of controlling the first lighting unit to illuminate and emitting the set wavelength and the set energy and the closing of the second lighting unit by using the control unit comprises:
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a multi-spectral generating unit and a fundus imaging system and a method, the multi-spectral generating unit constituting a multi-spectral light generating unit of the fundus imaging system, the unit comprising one or more lighting units and a control unit;
  • the illumination unit comprises a matrix of light-emitting diodes, each of which emits light of a plurality of wavelengths;
  • the control unit converts the control command sent from the central controller into a control signal, triggers a specified illumination unit, and specifies a matrix of the light-emitting diodes to emit the setting. Wavelength and set energy of light to output multispectral light.
  • a multi-spectral generating unit that satisfies the user's needs, such as shape, wavelength, energy, and flash time, can be obtained, and a multi-spectral generating unit with better performance is provided for the fundus imaging system or other imaging and illumination systems, and the imaging is improved.
  • the light guide device can be provided with different shape structure outputs so that the light of the multi-spectral light has a set shape, for example, a full ring, a semi-ring, a quarter arc, etc. Wait.
  • the central controller can control other parameters of the multi-spectral light through the control unit, so that the final output multi-spectral light satisfies the user's requirements in terms of shape, numerical aperture and light-emitting area.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lighting unit in a multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam shaping unit and a lighting unit in a multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a square fiber bundle in a multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a multi-spectral retinal image generated by a multi-spectral light generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a structural block diagram of a multi-spectral light generating system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a fundus imaging method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a specific sub-step of step S1503 to step S1505 in FIG.
  • the present disclosure provides a multi-spectral generating unit and a fundus imaging system and method, which are applicable to the problem that the performance of the existing light source configured by the fundus imaging is poor, resulting in a large limitation of fundus imaging.
  • the fundus imaging system it can also be applied to a fundus camera; in addition, the multi-spectral light generating unit can be applied to other imaging systems or lighting systems.
  • the technique can be implemented in related software or hardware, which is described below by way of example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-spectral light generating unit 100 shown in FIG. 1;
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 includes a control unit 101, one or more lighting units 102, and a light guiding device 103;
  • each of the lighting units 102 includes a a group of light emitting diodes, each of which emits light of a plurality of wavelengths;
  • the control unit 101 converts the control command sent from the central controller 105 into a control signal, triggering the designated light-emitting diode matrix in the designated illumination unit 102 to emit light of a set wavelength and set energy; the light guide device 103 is configured to turn the illumination unit The light emitted from the matrix of 102 LEDs is shaped to output multi-spectral light of a set shape.
  • control unit 101 may control the LED matrix of the one or more illumination units 102 to emit light of a set wavelength according to multiple illumination sequences; the light guide device 103 may be configured with different shape structure outputs to enable The light of the spectral light has a set shape, for example, a full ring shape, a semi-annular shape, a quarter arc shape, and the like.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 may further include a beam uniform divergence unit 109 configured to further uniformly diverge the light of the set shape.
  • the central controller 105 can control other parameters of the multi-spectral light through the control unit 101 so that the multi-spectral light of the final output satisfies the user's needs in terms of shape, numerical aperture, and light-emitting area.
  • a multi-spectral light generating unit 100 includes one or more lighting units 102, a control unit 101, and a light guiding device 103.
  • the lighting unit 102 includes a matrix of light emitting diodes, each of which emits a plurality of wavelengths.
  • the control unit 101 converts the control command sent from the central controller 105 into a control signal, triggers the specified illumination unit 102, the specified LED matrix emits the set wavelength and the set energy of light; the light guide device 103 will illuminate the unit
  • the light emitted from the matrix of 102 LEDs is shaped to output multi-spectral light of a set shape.
  • multi-spectral light having parameters such as shape, wavelength, energy, and flash time to meet user requirements can be obtained, and a multi-spectral light generating unit 100 having better performance for a fundus imaging system or other imaging and illumination systems is improved.
  • the ability to image makes imaging more clear.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 includes a control unit 101, one or more lighting units 102 and a light guiding device 103; each lighting unit 102 includes a light emitting unit. a diode matrix, each set of LED arrays emits light of a plurality of wavelengths; an input end of the beam shaping unit 104 is coupled to the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102; an output end of the beam shaping unit 104 is coupled to the light guiding device 103; and the light guiding device 103 is a uniform beam divergence unit is attached to the output end;
  • the control unit 101 will receive a control command sent by the central controller 105 to trigger the specified illumination unit 102 LED matrix to emit light of a set wavelength; the beam shaping unit 104 is configured to adjust the matrix of the LEDs of the illumination unit 102.
  • the light distribution of each wavelength is such that the light of each wavelength is evenly distributed on the cross section of the output end of the beam shaping unit 104; the optical guiding device 103 arranges the optical fibers according to the set arrangement, and shapes the output light of the beam shaping unit 104 to output The shape of the multi-spectral light is set; the beam uniform divergence unit 109 then uniformly diverges the light of the set shape.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 includes a control unit 101 and one or more lighting units 102.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 further includes beam shaping.
  • the input end of the beam shaping unit 104 is in contact with the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102; the beam shaping unit 104 is configured to adjust the light distribution of each wavelength emitted by the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102 to evenly distribute the light of each wavelength.
  • the beam uniform divergence unit 109 further uniformly diverges the light of the set shape to output the multi-spectral light of the set shape.
  • the light-emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102 may be arranged by a plurality of high-power light-emitting diodes; the light-emitting diode matrix of each group of illumination units 102 is compactly arranged; for example, if the illumination unit 102 comprises a matrix of 9 light-emitting diodes, it may be 3 ⁇ If the illumination unit 102 comprises a matrix of light-emitting diodes, it can be arranged in a 4 ⁇ 4 format; of course, a matrix of a larger number of light-emitting diodes can be included; and the arranged illumination units 102 can be connected to the LEDs. Arranged as a rectangle, especially a square; thus, the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 can generate a combination of light-emitting diodes that achieve a set wavelength by spatial multiplexing.
  • the beam shaping unit 104 may use a homogenizing rod or other optical glass device to homogenize the light of each wavelength emitted by the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102, and then transmit the processed light to the light guiding device 103;
  • the light guiding device 103 can also adopt a plurality of optical fibers, each of which comprises a plurality of cores, and the cores are regrouped and arranged at the output end, and the light of each wavelength emitted by the light emitting diode matrix of the lighting unit 102 is evenly distributed. The light is processed and transmitted to the input of the illumination path.
  • the light guiding device 103 may rearrange the light beams by using a structural member or the like, for example, arranged in a semi-annular shape, a full annular shape, or the like.
  • control unit 101 converts a control command sent from the central controller 105 into a control signal, triggers a specified light-emitting diode matrix to emit a set wavelength in the designated lighting unit 102.
  • the imaging system provides a multi-spectral light generating unit 100 with better performance, which improves the ability of fundus imaging to make imaging more clear.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides another a multi-spectral light generating unit 100, which is implemented on the basis of the light source shown in FIG. 1; in particular, referring to the structure of the lighting unit 102 in a multi-spectral light generating unit 100 shown in FIG. Schematic; the lighting unit 102 includes a matrix of a plurality of light emitting diodes arranged in a square array.
  • the LED matrix can also be arranged in other shapes, for example, directly arranged in a full ring shape or a semi-ring shape or the like.
  • the light-emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102 can preferably be implemented in the form that each light-emitting diode is a square with a side length of 1 mm and has a characteristic quasi-Gaussian spectrum; when the matrix is composed of nine light-emitting diodes, the matrix can be Arranged in the form of 3 ⁇ 3; 9 LEDs are arranged in a compact arrangement with a very close distance, and the square array formed can be 3.3 mm in length.
  • each LED corresponds to one wavelength, a total of nine wavelengths; and may also be 16 groups of LED arrays arranged in a 4 ⁇ 4 format, corresponding to 16 wavelengths; It can be 25 sets of LED arrays arranged in a 5 ⁇ 5 format, corresponding to 25 wavelengths.
  • the light guiding device 103 described above can be implemented in various forms; in one embodiment, the light guiding device 103 includes a fiber sub-beam that matches the number of light-emitting diode matrices of the lighting unit 102; each light guiding device 103 The fiber bundle includes a set number of fibers; at the input end of the light guide device 103, the cores of each group of fiber bundles are uniformly arranged on the light emitting surface of the corresponding light emitting diode matrix; each of the fiber bundles and each of the light emitting diodes Corresponding positions; each fiber bundle includes one or more fibers in each fiber bundle; at the output of the light guide device 103, a set shape and a set number of fibers are formed. Additionally, the bundle of fibers can be implemented using a combination of multiple step index fibers.
  • the light guiding device 103 also includes nine sets of fiber bundles; each set of fiber bundles may include 25 optical fibers, and 25 optical fibers may
  • the 5 x 5 form is arranged in a square shape, each core having a diameter of about 0.2 mm, and the sides of the square are about 1 mm long, matching the side length (1 mm) of each of the light-emitting diodes; in the light guiding device 103
  • the output ends form 9 sub-beams, each sub-beam comprising 25 optical fibers, respectively, from the above 9 sets of fiber bundles.
  • the light of each wavelength emitted by the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102 can be evenly distributed at the interface of the output end of the light guiding device 103, and the quantization interval of the uniformity is related to the diameter of the core in each set of the fiber bundle; of course, It is also possible to use a core having a smaller diameter so that each bundle of fibers contains more cores under the same area to reduce the above quantization interval and improve spectral uniformity.
  • the sub-beams described above may be arranged in any shape according to actual imaging requirements, for example, arranged in a ring shape, a semi-annular shape, or other partial ring shape.
  • the beam uniform divergence unit 109 may be a frosted glass diffusion sheet, and has a simple, low-cost, and better astigmatism effect.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 further includes a light energy detector 106; the light energy detector 106 may be directly installed near the matrix of the light emitting diode, or may be connected to one or more cores in the bundle, configured The output power and energy of the detection source.
  • the optical power detector can perform real-time power monitoring, electronic control and safe hard cut.
  • One of the sub-beams connected to the photodetector or the optical power detector is configured for power monitoring; the detected power parameters can be fed back to the control unit 101 to enable the user to flexibly control and adjust the luminous power and energy. Ensure that the daily exposure is below the safety threshold level and avoid damage to the eyes caused by light.
  • the beam shaping unit 104 includes a light homogenizing device.
  • the light homogenizing device may specifically be a homogenizing rod; the input end of the homogenizing rod is coupled to the light emitting diode matrix of the illumination unit 102; the shape of the input end of the homogenizing rod is matched with the shape of the LED matrix; the output end of the homogenizing rod Interfacing with the fiber optic bundle of the light guiding device 103.
  • the fiber bundle can be configured as a square fiber bundle. See a schematic diagram of a square fiber bundle in a multi-spectral light generating unit 100 shown in FIG. 6; the square fiber bundle has a square end portion, which can improve the optical system. Optical coupling efficiency.
  • the homogenizing rod is a square glass homogenizing rod, and the end face of the input end of the homogenizing rod has a length of 3.4 mm to cover the LED matrix of the illumination unit 102 in the form of 3 ⁇ 3 (the side length is 3.3 mm).
  • the output end of the homogenizing rod may have a ring diameter of 3.4 mm to match the square input end of the 216 fiber half-ring fiber bundle; the length of the homogenizing rod may be 20 mm; the homogenizing rod has a numerical aperture of 0.28
  • the coupling efficiency in the optical system is 4% and the spiral conduction mode can be avoided.
  • the above-mentioned homogenizing rod can match 9 fiber bundles, the end of the input end of the homogenizing rod has a length of 3.6 mm, and the output end has a width of 3.6 mm; in this case, each of the 9 fiber bundles
  • the fiber bundle contains 12 cores; the length of the homogenizing rod can be 20 mm; the coupling rod has a coupling efficiency of 1.57% in an optical system with a numerical aperture of 0.28, and can avoid the spiral conduction mode.
  • the light concentrating rods may be directly connected to the light emitting surface of the light emitting diode matrix of the lighting unit 102, so that the light of any wavelength in the light emitting diode matrix can be uniformly projected into the optical fiber;
  • the light absorbing rod is a square cross section or a three-dimensional cone Shape, according to the waveguide characteristics of the rod, output illumination.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 includes one or two lighting units 102, and one or two of the corresponding numbers of the lighting units 102.
  • control unit 101 converts control commands sent from central controller 105 into control signals to control one or two lighting units 102; each lighting unit 102 light emitting diode is respectively The control unit 101 is directly controlled.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 includes a first illumination unit, a second illumination unit, and a first beam shaping unit, a second beam shaping unit, a first light guiding device, and a second light guiding device.
  • the distribution of the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 needs to ensure that the light sources of the respective wavelengths can uniformly illuminate the fundus, ensuring that the cross-section of the light path and the cross-section of the light path at the pupil of the eye are kept at a certain distance to overcome the unwanted back of the fundus.
  • illumination is provided by a ring/curve, while light is reflected through the fundus of the central circular area for image acquisition.
  • the circular illumination is usually divided into a partial ring or an arc, and only a part of the ring is illuminated in a single time.
  • two parts of the ring illumination need to be quickly illuminated to obtain two separate images and merge into a desired view.
  • Individual images of this sequential ring-shooting technique typically have a certain area of corneal reflection, but when the two separate images are combined, the corneal reflection can be effectively eliminated.
  • the pixel gray value of the darker region of the image acquired by a single half-ring illumination becomes doubled.
  • the angle of the partial ring illumination should be less than 180 degrees.
  • the output end of the light guiding device 103 is a half ring structure; the half ring structure is arranged in a semi-ring shape by an optical fiber.
  • the half-ring structures at the output ends of the two light guiding devices 103 are matched to each other; the half-ring structures at the output ends of the two light guiding devices 103 can be combined to form a full ring.
  • each half ring structure corresponds to one lighting unit 102; when the control unit 101 sends a control signal and controls the current to a certain wavelength of the light emitting diode on the specific lighting unit 102, the corresponding light is emitted.
  • the half ring structure is illuminated by the above-described homogenizing rod and optical fiber.
  • two arc-shaped illumination regions can be formed, the two arc-shaped illuminations are evenly distributed along the same circumference, and the two arc-shaped illumination regions are configured to illuminate the same part of the patient's fundus, two arcs
  • the central angle corresponding to the shaped illumination area is less than 180 degrees.
  • Each of the arcuate illumination regions is derived from a half-ring structure in the corresponding multi-spectral light generating unit 100, and the imaging is nearly semi-circular on the pupil of the eye to be measured, thereby further illuminating the entire solid angle (field of view) Retina.
  • the output end of the light guiding device 103 includes two sets of quarter ring structures; the quarter ring structure is configured to align the fibers of the output end of the light guiding device 103 into an arc; the output ends of the two light guiding devices 103 In the middle, the quarter ring structure is evenly distributed along the same circumference.
  • Four quarter-ring structures are evenly distributed along the same circumference to form four curved illumination areas, four curved illumination areas are configured to illuminate the same part of the patient's fundus, and the four arc-shaped illumination areas correspond to the central angles Less than 90 degrees.
  • illumination will be provided by two corresponding illumination units 102 of the multi-spectral light generating unit 100, respectively.
  • Each corresponding light guide device 103 will split the output light into two portions while providing the two halo illumination regions, respectively, but not adjacent.
  • the four-ring beam provided by the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 will be brought directly to the input of the illumination path, each ring being nearly a quarter.
  • the illumination path is thereby imaged on the pupil of the eye to be measured. Thereby the entire retina is illuminated at a predetermined solid angle (field of view) by the illumination path.
  • Each lighting unit 102 will illuminate the opposite two quarter rings.
  • four quarter-ring structures are alternately illuminated by two, specifically, one illumination unit 102 of the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 (eg, responsible for the opposing two quarter-ring structures)
  • the illumination unit 102 corresponding to the other branch also emits illumination light of wavelength 1, and then the first branch emits a wavelength of 2
  • the second branch also sequentially emits illumination light of wavelength 2, and proceeds sequentially; while each curved illumination area is illuminated, the image acquisition device 107 simultaneously performs image acquisition.
  • one of the lighting units 102 can also be responsible for the adjacent two quarter-ring structures; the other lighting unit 102 is responsible for the two adjacent quarter-ring structures.
  • each light guiding device 103 includes a full ring structure; the full ring structure is configured to beam shaping unit 104.
  • the optical fibers at the output end are arranged in a full ring shape with a set radius; the output ends of the two light guiding devices 103, one of which is an outer ring structure and the other ring is an inner ring structure; the outer ring structure has a larger radius than the inner ring The radius of the structure.
  • the optical fiber is directly transmitted to the illumination optical path through the set of optical output ends arranged in two inner and outer full rings, and the lens system can combine the light into a complete ring shape.
  • half ring illumination, quarter ring illumination or full ring illumination can be realized; in half ring illumination, the LED can contain 9 wavelengths; in full ring illumination, the LED can reach up to 18 Wavelengths.
  • Fig. 10 shows retinal images in 10 spectra, and retinal images in each spectrum may exhibit different characteristics.
  • the system includes the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 described in the above embodiment; and further includes a central controller 105.
  • the image acquisition device 107, the central controller 105, and the image acquisition device 107 are each communicably connected to the control unit 101.
  • the central controller 105 is configured to issue control commands to the multi-spectral light generating unit 100.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 is configured to convert a control command transmitted from the central controller 105 into a control signal, and trigger a specified light-emitting diode matrix in the designated illumination unit 102 to emit light of a set wavelength and a set energy to output Multispectral light.
  • Image acquisition device 107 is configured to acquire a fundus image in an environment of multi-spectral light.
  • the system also includes a light energy detector 106; the light energy detector 106 is electrically coupled to the control unit 101.
  • the light energy detector 106 is mounted on one side of the matrix of light emitting diodes and is configured to detect the energy of the multi-spectral light and to transfer the energy of the multi-spectral light to the control unit 101.
  • the control unit 101 is configured to control the light emitting diodes of the lighting unit 102 to turn off when the energy of the multispectral light is greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • the control unit 101 can respectively transmit control signals to the two lighting units 102 (eg, unit a and unit b), which are independent of each other;
  • the control unit 101 can also control each of the light-emitting diodes in any of the illumination units 102 to be turned on or off in any order; and, each of the light-emitting diodes on unit a can be combined with any of the light-emitting diode wavelengths on unit b, and unit a and Unit b can have the same wavelength or a completely different wavelength.
  • the fundus imaging system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has the same technical features as the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 provided in the above embodiment, so that the same technical problem can be solved and the same technical effect can be achieved.
  • Multi-spectral light generating unit multi-spectral light generating unit Referring to FIG. 12, corresponding to the above-described embodiment of the multi-spectral light generating unit 100, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a fundus imaging system including the multi-spectral of any of the above embodiments.
  • the light generating unit 100 it should be noted that the basic principle and the technical effects of the fundus imaging system provided in this embodiment are the same as those of the corresponding embodiments, and are briefly described in the present embodiment. Refer to the corresponding content in the above embodiment.
  • the fundus imaging system further includes a central controller 105 and an image acquisition device 107.
  • the central controller 105 and the image acquisition device 107 are respectively connected to the control unit 101.
  • the central controller 105 is configured to issue control commands to the multi-spectral light generating unit 100.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 is configured to convert a control command transmitted from the central controller 105 into a control signal, and trigger a specified light-emitting diode matrix in the designated illumination unit 102 to emit light of a set wavelength and a set energy to output Multispectral light.
  • Image acquisition device 107 is configured to acquire a fundus image in an environment of multi-spectral light.
  • the system further includes a light energy detector 106; the light energy detector 106 is electrically connected to the control unit 101,
  • the light energy detector 106 is mounted on one side of the matrix of light emitting diodes and is configured to detect the energy of the multi-spectral light and to transfer the energy of the multi-spectral light to the control unit 101.
  • the control unit 101 is configured to control the light emitting diodes of the lighting unit 102 to turn off when the energy of the multispectral light is greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a fundus imaging method, which is applied to a fundus imaging system; the system includes a central controller 105 and an image capturing device 107. And the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 of the above embodiment, the central controller 105 and the image capturing device 107 are respectively connected to the control unit 101, and the method includes:
  • Step S1501 The central controller 105 issues a control command to the control unit 101.
  • Step S1502 The control unit 101 converts the control command transmitted by the central controller 105 into a control signal.
  • Step S1503 The control unit 101 triggers the specified light-emitting diode matrix in the designated illumination unit 102 to emit light of a set wavelength and a set energy.
  • the plurality of light emitting diodes of the light emitting diode matrix included in the first lighting unit are controlled by the control unit 101 to emit the light of the set wavelength one by one in a predetermined order and the lighting time or to control the matrix of the light emitting diodes included in the first lighting unit.
  • a plurality of light emitting diodes emit light at the same time.
  • the image capture device 107 will collect a series of images corresponding to each light source in synchronization with the flash of the LED, and transmit the collected eyeball image to the external computing device through the central controller 105 to be configured to store, read or Further processing.
  • the eyeball images of the spectral illumination of each of the light-emitting diodes are separately acquired.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 When the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 receives the lighting command or the lighting trigger pulse (ie, the control command) from the central controller 105, the light emitting diode matrix of the lighting unit 102 associated with the lighting command or the lighting trigger pulse emits light according to the specified flash time;
  • the controller 105 can simultaneously transmit signals to the multi-spectral light source and image acquisition device 107, or the multi-spectral light source simultaneously sends a signal to the image acquisition device 107 immediately after the start of illumination to synchronize the image capture device 107 and the multi-spectral light source.
  • Step S1504 The light guiding device 103 performs shaping processing on the light emitted from the light emitting diode matrix included in the illumination unit 102 to output multi-spectral light of a set shape.
  • Step S1505 The central controller 105 controls the image acquisition device 107 to acquire a fundus image in an environment in which multi-spectral light of a set shape is output.
  • Step S1506 The central controller 105 processes the fundus image to generate a final fundus image.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 includes a first lighting unit and a second lighting unit.
  • the fundus imaging system further includes an image capturing device 107, and the first lighting unit and the second lighting unit are connected to the light guiding device 103.
  • step S1503 - step S1505 may be specifically performed by the following substeps:
  • Step S1601 The control unit 101 is used to control the first lighting unit to illuminate and emit the light of the set wavelength and the set energy, and the second lighting unit is turned off.
  • Step S1602 The light guiding device 103 performs shaping processing on the light that is lit and emitted by the first lighting unit to output multi-spectral light of a set wavelength and a set energy.
  • Step S1603 The first fundus image is then acquired by the control unit 101 in synchronization with the image acquisition device 107 and in an environment of setting the wavelength and setting the energy of the light.
  • Step S1604 Next, the control unit 101 is used to control the second lighting unit to illuminate and emit the light of the set wavelength and the set energy, and the first lighting unit is turned off.
  • Step S1605 The light emitted by the second illumination unit light emitting diode matrix is shaped by the light guiding device 103 to output multi-spectral light of a set wavelength and a set energy.
  • Step S1606 The central controller 105 is then used to control the image capture device 107 to acquire a second fundus image in the environment of the set wavelength of light.
  • Step S1506 can be performed by the following sub-steps, including:
  • Step S1607 The corneal reflective area in the first fundus image is deleted by the central controller 105.
  • Step S1608 The central controller 105 is used to acquire an effective image of the corresponding position of the corneal reflection area in the second fundus image.
  • Step S1609 The effective image is merged into the corresponding position in the first fundus image by the central controller 105 to generate a final fundus image.
  • the system further includes a light energy detector 106; the light energy detector 106 is electrically connected to the control unit 101, and the light energy detector 106 is mounted on one side of the light emitting diode matrix, and the method further includes:
  • Step S1507 The energy of the multi-spectral light is detected by the light energy detector 106, and the energy of the multi-spectral light is transmitted to the control unit 101.
  • Step S1508 The light-emitting diode of the control lighting unit 102 is turned off when the energy of the multi-spectral light is greater than a preset threshold by the control unit 101.
  • the output optical power and energy of each LED unit matrix of the illumination unit 102 are calibrated and monitored in real time to enable real-time monitoring of the energy of each LED for each illumination and to achieve a safe energy warning limit during normal or abnormal operation ( That is, the pre-set threshold) immediately cuts off the light source to provide absolute safety protection for the patient.
  • an effective image can be used instead of the corneal reflective area, so that the fundus image is more clear and accurate, and more fundus data is provided for the user.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 is a multi-spectral light source having a series mode, and the series mode can sequentially trigger each wavelength light source in sequence, within a series Multiple images (multiple wavelength images) can be captured, the series period is usually less than 250 milliseconds; in the series, different wavelengths or multiple repetitions of single wavelength or different wavelength flash sequences can be combined; circular multi-spectral light is given to achieve wide field of view Fundus illumination; multi-spectral light-generating unit 100 can meet the multiple needs of multi-spectral fundus imaging, and the optional LEDs required for clinical applications can provide enough power to meet the lighting needs of clear imaging of the fundus.
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit and the fundus imaging system and method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be divided into a plurality of narrowband spectra (a bandwidth of less than 30 nanometers) from a single source, or integrated into a single light source to obtain a plurality of narrowband spectra.
  • the ability of retinal imaging; can effectively control the illumination power without causing light damage, and the exposure for daily use is far below the safety threshold level;
  • the multi-spectral light generating unit 100 is a wavelength-based modular design, which can be flexibly selected according to actual needs;
  • the amount of light can be dynamically adjusted based on the measured power feedback of the light source and the measured feedback of the retinal reflection characteristics.
  • a computer program product of a multispectral light generating unit and a fundus imaging system and method comprising a computer readable storage medium storing program code, the program code comprising instructions configured to perform the foregoing method implementation
  • the program code comprising instructions configured to perform the foregoing method implementation
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. , or connected integrally; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • installation may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined.
  • connected integrally may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computing platform readable storage medium.
  • a computing platform readable storage medium including The instructions are used to cause a computer unit (which may be an embedded central processing unit and image processing unit, a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .
  • the multi-spectral generating unit and the fundus imaging system and method can realize multi-spectral generating units that satisfy parameters such as shape, wavelength, energy, and flash time, and provide better performance for fundus imaging systems or other imaging and illumination systems.
  • the multi-spectral generating unit improves the imaging ability and makes the imaging clearer.
  • the multi-spectral light output finally meets the user's needs in terms of shape, numerical aperture and luminous area.

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Abstract

一种多光谱光发生单元（100）及眼底成像系统与方法；其中，多光谱光发生单元（100）包括一个或多个照明单元（102）和控制单元（101）；照明单元（102）包括发光二极管矩阵，每个发光二极管矩阵发出多种波长的光；控制单元（101）将从中央控制器（105）发送的控制指令转换为控制信号（S1502），触发指定的照明单元（102）中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光（S1503），以输出多光谱光。该多光谱光发生单元（100）可以获得形状、波长，能量，及闪光时间等参数满足用户需求的多光谱光发生单元，为眼底成像系统或其他成像、照明系统提供了性能较佳的多光谱光发生单元，提高了成像的能力，使成像更加清晰，再者，光导器件（103）可以设置有不同的形状结构输出，以使多光谱光的光具有设定的形状，例如，全环形、半环形、四分之一弧形等等。中央控制器（105）可以通过控制单元（102）控制该多光谱光的其他参数，以使最后输出的多光谱光在形状、数值孔径和发光面积等方面均满足用户需求。

Description

多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2018年01月22日提交中国专利局的申请号为2018100665696、名称为“多光谱光源、眼底成像系统和成像方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及眼底成像技术领域，尤其是涉及一种多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法。
背景技术
通常，眼底成像系统可以采用卤素灯或氙气白光光源、发光二极管或扫描激光器作为光源，获取眼底视网膜图像。目前的眼底照相机像素传感器，使用不同滤镜技术将白光分成红绿蓝光谱，来获取视网膜图像。
使用氙气或其它白光光源，及红绿蓝图像采集装置的视网膜成像可以生成视网膜或眼前节的彩色图像，但氙气白光光源照明光在不同波长上的功率差异较大而具有局限性。将氙气白光光用滤镜分离成多个窄带光谱任务量大，难以实现；同时，氙光照明光很强，重复照射会导致瞳孔收缩减小，使成像变得困难。眼底成像也可以使用激光扫描照射技术，激光束通过针孔给光。扫描激光器可以获取的离散波长很少，但激光成本昂贵，体积大，需要占用设备很大的内部空间，故激光扫描实用性较差，且对眼睛使用激光存在很大的安全隐患。
针对上述现有的被配置成眼底成像的光源性能较差，导致眼底成像的局限性较大的问题，尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开的目的在于提供一种多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法，为眼底成像系统或其他成像、照明系统提供性能较佳的多光谱发生单元，提高成像的能力，使成像更加清晰。
第一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种多光谱光发生单元，多光谱光发生单元包括一个或多个照明单元和控制单元；照明单元包括发光二极管矩阵，每个发光二极管矩阵发出多种波长的光；控制单元将从中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光，以输出多光谱光；
所述多光谱光发生单元还包括光导器件；所述光导器件与所述照明单元连接；
所述光导器件用于将所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光。
优选地，上述多光谱光发生单元还包括光束整形单元；光束整形单元的输入端与照明单元的发光二极管矩阵相接；光束整形单元的输出端与光导器件相接；光束整形单元被配置成调节对照明单元的发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线分布，以使各个波长的光线均匀分布在光束整形单元的输出端的截面上；光导器件还被配置成按照设定的排列方式排列光纤，将光束整形单元的输出光进一步成形，以输出设定形状的多光谱光。
优选地，上述多光谱光发生单元包括光束整形单元；光束整形单元的输入端与照明单元的发光二极管矩阵相接；光束整形单元被配置成调节对照明单元的发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线分布，以使各个波长的光线均匀分布在光束整形单元的输出端的截面上，从而输出均匀的多光谱光。
优选地，上述光导器件包括与照明单元的发光二极管矩阵数量相匹配的光纤子束；每个光导器件的光纤子束包括设定数量的光纤；在光导器件的输入端，每组光纤子束的纤芯均匀排列在相对应的发光二极管矩阵的发光面；每个光纤子束与每个发光二极管位置相对应；每个光纤子束包含每个光纤子束中的一个或多个光纤；在光导器件的输出端，形成设定形状及设定数量的光纤。
优选地，上述光束整形单元包括匀光器件。
优选地，上述匀光器件为匀光棒；匀光棒的输入端与照明单元的发光二极管矩阵相对接耦合；匀光棒的输入端的形状与照明单元的发光二极管矩阵的形状相匹配；匀光棒的输出端与光导器件光纤束对接。
优选地，上述多光谱光发生单元包括光束均匀发散单元；该光束均匀发散单元安装在光导器件的末端，以将设定形状的光束的光进一步均匀向外发散。
优选地，上述光束均匀发散单元为毛玻璃扩散片。毛玻璃扩散片具有简易，低成本，散光性好的特点。
优选地，上述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵排列成正方形阵列。
优选地，上述多光谱光发生单元包括一个或两个照明单元、以及与照明单元数量相对应的一个或两个光束整形单元、一个或两个光导器件；控制单元将从中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，以控制一个或两个照明单元。
优选地，上述光导器件输出端为半环结构；两个光导器件输出端的半环结构相互匹配；两个光导器件输出端的半环结构可结合形成全环。
优选地，上述光导器件输出端包括全环结构；全环结构被配置成将光束整形单元的输出端的光纤排列成设定半径的全环形；两个光导器件输出端中，其中一个全环形为外环结构，另一个全环形为内环结构；外环结构的半径大于内环结构的半径。
优选地，上述光导器件输出端包括两组四分之一环结构；四分之一环结构被配置成将光导器件的输出端的光纤排列成弧形；两个光导器件输出端中，四分之一环结构沿同一圆周均匀分布。
第二方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种眼底成像系统，系统包括上述的多光谱光发生单元；还包括中央控制器及图像采集装置，中央控制器、图像采集装置分别与控制单元通信连接，
中央控制器被配置成发出控制指令至多光谱光发生单元；
多光谱光发生单元被配置成将从中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光，以输出多光谱光；
图像采集装置被配置成采集处于多光谱光的环境下的眼底图像。
第三方面，本公开实施例提供了一种多光谱光发生单元，该单元还包括光能量探测器；光能量探测器与控制单元电连接，
光能量探测器安装在发光二极管矩阵的一侧，被配置成探测多光谱光的能量，并将多光谱光的能量传输至控制单元；
控制单元被配置成将多光谱光的能量大于预设定的阈值时控制照明单元的发光二极管关闭。
第四方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种眼底成像方法，方法应用于眼底成像系统；系统包括中央控制器、图像采集装置以及上述的多光谱光发生单元，中央控制器、图像采集装置分别与控制单元通信连接，方法包括：
中央控制器向控制单元发出控制指令；
控制单元将中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号；
控制单元触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光；
光导器件将照明单元发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光；
中央控制器控制图像采集装置在输出设定形状的多光谱光的环境下采集眼底图像；
中央控制器对眼底图像进行处理生成最终的眼底图像。
优选地，多光谱光发生单元包括第一照明单元、第二照明单元，眼底成像系统还包括图像采集装置，且第一照明单元、第二照明单元连接的光导器件包括形成半环结构时或两组四分之一环结构时，控制单元触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光；光导器件将照明单元发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光；中央控制器控制图像采集装置在输出设定形状的多光谱光的环境下采集并生成眼底图像的步骤包括：
利用控制单元控制第一照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及第二照明单元关闭；
光导器件将第一照明单元点亮并发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定波长及设定能量的多光谱光；
然后利用中央控制器控制图像采集装置在设定波长及设定能量的光的环境下采集第一眼底图像；
接着利用控制单元控制第二照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及第一照明单元关闭；
利用光导器件将第二照明单元发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定波长及设定能量的多光谱光；
然后控制图像采集装置在设定波长的光的环境下采集第二眼底图像。
优选地，中央控制器对眼底图像进行处理生成最终的眼底图像的步骤包括：
利用中央控制器删除第一眼底图像中的角膜反光区域；
利用中央控制器获取第二眼底图像中，角膜反光区域的对应位置的有效图像；
利用中央控制器将有效图像合并至第一眼底图像中的对应位置，生成最终的眼底图像。
优选地，系统还包括光能量探测器；光能量探测器与控制单元电连接，光能量探测器安装在发光二极管矩阵的一侧，方法还包括：
利用光能量探测器探测多光谱光的能量，并将多光谱光的能量传输至控制单元；
利用控制单元将多光谱光的能量大于预设定的阈值时控制照明单元的发光二极管关闭。
优选地，利用控制单元控制第一照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及第二照明单元关闭的步骤包括：
利用控制单元控制第一照明单元包含的发光二极管矩阵的多个发光二极管以预定的顺序和发光时间一个接一个发出设定波长的光或控制第一照明单元包含的发光二极管矩阵的多个发光二极管同时发光。
本公开实施例带来了以下有益效果：
本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法，该多光谱发生单元构成所述眼底成像系统的多光谱光发生单元，该单元包括一个或多个照明单元和控制单元；照明单元包括发光二极管矩阵，每个发光二极管矩阵发出多种波长的光；控制单元将从中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光，以输出多光谱光。通过该方式，可以获得形状、波长，能量，及闪光时间等参数满足用户需求的多光谱发生单元，为眼底成像系统或其他成像、照明系统提供了性能较佳的多光谱发生单元，提高了成像的能力，使成像更加清晰，再者，光导器件可以设置有不同的形状结构输出，以使多光谱光的光具有设定的形状，例如，全环形、半环形、四分之一弧形等等。中央控制器可以通过控制单元控制该多光谱光的其他参数，以使最后输出的多光谱光在形状、数值孔径和发光面积等方面均满足用户需求。
发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，或者，部分特征和优点可以从说明书推知或毫无疑义地确定，或者通过实施本公开的上述技术即可得知。
为使本公开的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施方式，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱光发生单元的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的另一种多光谱光发生单元的结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的另一种多光谱光发生单元的结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱光发生单元中，照明单元的结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱光发生单元中，光束整形单元和照明单元的结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱光发生单元中，方形光纤束的结构示意图；
图7为本公开实施例提供的另一种多光谱光发生单元的结构示意图；
图8为本公开实施例提供的另一种多光谱光发生单元的结构示意图；
图9为本公开实施例提供的另一种多光谱光发生单元的结构示意图；
图10为本公开实施例提供的采用多光谱光发生单元生成的多光谱视网膜图像；
图11为本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱光发生系统的结构框图；
图12为本公开实施例提供的一种眼底成像方法的流程图；
图13为图12中的步骤S1503-步骤S1505的具体子步骤流程图。
附图标记：100-多光谱光发生单元；101-控制单元；102-照明单元；103-光导器件；104-光束整形单元；105-中央控制器；106-光能量探测器；107-图像采集装置。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
考虑到现有的被配置成眼底成像的光源性能较差，导致眼底成像的局限性较大的问题，本公开实施例提供了一种多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法；该技术可以应用于眼底成像系统中，还可以应用于眼底照相机中；另外，该多光谱光发生单元还可以应用于其他成像系统或照明系统中。该技术可以采用相关的软件或硬件实现，下面通过实施例进行描述。
参见图1所示的另一种多光谱光发生单元100的结构示意图；该多光谱光发生单元100包括控制单元101，一个或多个照明单元102，光导器件103；每个照明单元102包括一组发光二极管矩阵，每组发光二极管矩阵发出多种波长的光；
控制单元101从中央控制器105发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元102中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光；光导器件103被配置成将照明单元102发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光。
在实际实现时，上述控制单元101可以控制一个或多个照明单元102的发光二极管矩阵按照多种发光顺序，发出设定波长的光；光导器件103可以设置有不同的形状结构输出，以使多光谱光的光具有设定的形状，例如，全环形、半环形、四分之一弧形等等。另外，多光谱光发生单元100还可以包括光束均匀发散单元109，光束均匀发散单元109被配置成将设定的形状的光进一步均匀发散输出。中央控制器105可以通过控制单元101控制 该多光谱光的其他参数，以使最后输出的多光谱光在形状、数值孔径和发光面积等方面均满足用户需求。
本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱光发生单元100，包括一个或多个照明单元102、控制单元101及光导器件103；照明单元102包括发光二极管矩阵，每个发光二极管矩阵发出多种波长的光；控制单元101将从中央控制器105发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元102中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光；光导器件103将照明单元102发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光。通过该方式，可以获得形状、波长，能量，及闪光时间等参数满足用户需求的多光谱光，为眼底成像系统或其他成像、照明系统提供了性能较佳的多光谱光发生单元100，提高了成像的能力，使成像更加清晰。
参见图2所示的另一种多光谱光发生单元100的结构示意图，该多光谱光发生单元100包括控制单元101，一个或多个照明单元102和光导器件103；每个照明单元102包括发光二极管矩阵，每组发光二极管矩阵发出多种波长的光；光束整形单元104的输入端与照明单元102发光二极管矩阵相接；光束整形单元104的输出端与光导器件103相接；光导器件103的输出端附有光束均匀发散单元；
该控制单元101将接收到由中央控制器105发送的控制指令，触发指定的照明单元102发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长的光；光束整形单元104被配置成调节对照明单元102的发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线分布，以使各个波长的光线均匀分布在光束整形单元104的输出端的截面上；光导器件103按照设定的排列方式排列光纤，将光束整形单元104的输出光整形，以输出设定形状的多光谱光；随之光束均匀发散单元109将设定的形状的光进一步均匀发散输出。
参见图3所示的另一种多光谱光发生单元100的结构示意图，该多光谱光发生单元100包括控制单元101，一个或多个照明单元102；该多光谱光发生单元100还包括光束整形单元104；
光束整形单元104的输入端与照明单元102的发光二极管矩阵相接；光束整形单元104被配置成调节对照明单元102的发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线分布，以使各个波长的光线均匀分布在光束整形单元104的输出端的截面上，随之光束均匀发散单元109将设定的形状的光进一步均匀发散从而输出设定形状的多光谱光。
上述照明单元102发光二极管矩阵可以由多个高功率的发光二极管排列而成；每组照明单元102发光二极管矩阵紧凑排列；例如，如果照明单元102包括9个发光二极管组成的矩阵，则可以3×3的形式排列；如果照明单元102包括个发光二极管组成的矩阵，则可以4×4的形式排列；当然，还可以包括更多数量的发光二极管组成的矩阵；排列出的照明单元102发光二极管通排列为矩形，尤其可以为正方形；如此，多光谱光发生单元100可以通过空间复用生成实现设定波长的发光二极管组合。
本实施方式中，上述光束整形单元104可以采用匀光棒或其它光学玻璃器件对照明单元102发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线进行匀光处理，进而将处理后的光线传输至光导器件103；该光导器件103还可以采用多束光纤，每束光纤包含多个纤芯，在输出端对纤芯进行重新分组、排列的方式，由对照明单元102发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线进行匀光处理，进而传输至照明光路的输入端。
上述光导器件103可以采用结构件等对光束进行重新排列，例如，排列成半环形、全环形等。
本公开实施例提供的一种多光谱光发生单元100，控制单元101将从中央控制器105发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元102中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光；再通过光束整形单元104调节照明单元102发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线分布，以使各个波长的光线均匀分布在光束整形单元104的输出端截面上；通过光导器件103按照设定的排列方式排列输出端的光纤，以输出对应形状的多 光谱光；该方式中，通过对发光二极管矩阵的光进行匀光处理，可以使各个波长的光线均匀照射在眼底，为眼底成像系统提供了性能较佳的多光谱光发生单元100，提高了眼底成像的能力，使成像更加清晰。
通常，发光二极管、激光或其他光源发出的光，经过光收集、多光谱通道聚集、多光谱优化等处理，可以得到期望的光路截面形状和功率；基于此，本公开实施例还提供了另一种多光谱光发生单元100，该多光谱光发生单元100在图1中所示光源基础上实现；具体地，参见图4所示的一种多光谱光发生单元100中，照明单元102的结构示意图；该照明单元102包括多个发光二极管组成的矩阵，发光二极管矩阵排列成正方形阵列。当然，发光二极管矩阵还可以排列成其他形状，例如，直接排列成全环形或半环形等。
如图4中，照明单元102发光二极管矩阵优选可以以下述形式实现：每个发光二极管为边长为1毫米的正方形，并具有特征准高斯谱；当矩阵由9个发光二极管组成时，矩阵可以3×3的形式排列；9个发光二级管紧凑排列，距离很近，形成的正方形阵列边长可以为3.3毫米。
在实际实现时，9个发光二极管的矩阵中，每个发光二极管对应一种波长，共9种波长；还可以是16组以4×4形式排列的发光二极管矩阵，共对应16种波长；还可以是25组以5×5形式排列的发光二极管矩阵，共对应25种波长。
在该实施例中，上述光导器件103可以通过多种形式实现；在其中一种实施方式中，光导器件103包括与照明单元102的发光二极管矩阵数量相匹配的光纤子束；每个光导器件103的光纤子束包括设定数量的光纤；在光导器件103的输入端，每组光纤子束的纤芯均匀排列在相对应的发光二极管矩阵的发光面；每个光纤子束与每个发光二极管位置相对应；每个光纤子束包含每个光纤子束中的一个或多个光纤；在光导器件103的输出端，形成设定形状及设定数量的光纤。另外，该光纤束可以采用多个阶跃折射率光纤的组合实现。
以3×3的排列形式的发光二极管矩阵为例进行说明，由于发光二极管的数量为9个，该光导器件103也包括9组光纤束；每组光纤束可以包括25个光纤，25个光纤以5×5的形式排列为正方形，每根纤芯的直径约为0.2毫米，则该正方形的边长约为1毫米，与每个发光二极管的边长(1毫米)相匹配；在光导器件103的输出端，形成9个子束，每个子束包括25个光纤，分别来自上述9组光纤束。
通过上述方式，照明单元102发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线可以在光导器件103的输出端的界面上均匀地分布，其均匀度的量化间隔与每组光纤束中纤芯的直径相关；当然，还可以采用直径更小的纤芯，以使相同面积下，每组光纤束包含更多的纤芯，以降低上述量化间隔，提高光谱的均匀度。
上述子束可以根据实际的成像需求，排列成任意形状，例如，排列成环形、半环形或其他部分环形的形状。
在该实施例中，上述光束均匀发散单元109可以是毛玻璃扩散片，并具有简易，低成本，取得较好的散光效果。
进一步地，上述多光谱光发生单元100还包括光能量探测器106；该光能量探测器106可以直接安装在发光二极管矩阵附近，也可与光纤束中的一个或多个纤芯连接，被配置成探测光源的输出功率及能量。该光功率探测器在经过校准及标定之后，可以进行实时功率监测，电子控制以及安全的硬切断。上述其中一个子束连接到光电探测器或者光功率探测器，被配置成功率监测；检测到的功率参数可以反馈至控制单元101，以使用户有效地对发光功率和能量进行灵活控制和调整，保证日常使用的曝光量低于安全阈值水平，避免光照对眼睛的损害。
在另一种实施方式中，参见图5所示的一种多光谱光发生单元100中，一种光束整形单元104和照明单元102的结构示意图；该光束整形单元104包括匀光器件。该匀光器件具体可以为匀光棒；匀光棒的输入端与照明单元102的发光二极管矩阵对接耦合；匀光棒 的输入端的形状与发光二极管矩阵的形状相匹配；匀光棒的输出端与光导器件103光纤束对接。
如果该匀光棒足够长，则来自各个发光二极管的光在到达匀光棒的输出端之前将在空间上被充分地占据；匀光棒的长度可以为15毫米到40毫米；匀光棒输出端部与可被布置成形成任何所需形状的多个光纤对接。该实施例中，光纤束可以设置为方形光纤束，参见图6所示的一种多光谱光发生单元100中，方形光纤束的结构示意图；该方形光纤束具有方形端部，可以提高光学系统的光耦合效率。
在其中一种方式中，该匀光棒为方形玻璃匀光棒，该匀光棒输入端的端面边长为3.4毫米，以覆盖3×3形式的照明单元102发光二极管矩阵(边长为3.3毫米)；该匀光棒输出端环形直径可以是3.4毫米，以与216根光纤的半环光纤束的方形输入端匹配；该匀光棒的长度可以为20毫米；该匀光棒在数值孔径0.28的光学系统中的耦合效率为4％，并可避免产生螺旋传导模式。
在另一种方式中，上述匀光棒可以匹配9个光纤束，该匀光棒输入端的端面边长为3.6毫米，输出端宽度为3.6毫米；该情况下，9个光纤束中，每个光纤束包含12根纤芯；该匀光棒的长度可以为20毫米；该匀光棒在数值孔径0.28的光学系统中的耦合效率为1.57％，并可避免产生螺旋传导模式。
上述匀光棒可以直接连接到照明单元102发光二极管矩阵的发光表面，使得发光二极管矩阵中的任意波长的发光都可以均匀地投射到光纤中去；匀光棒是正方形截面，也可是立体呈锥形，根据棒的波导特性，输出照明。
参见图7所示的另一种多光谱光发生单元100的结构示意图；该多光谱光发生单元100包括一个或两个照明单元102、以及与照明单元102数量相对应的一个或两个所述光束整形单元104、一个或两个光导器件103；控制单元101将从中央控制器105发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，以控制一个或两个照明单元102；每个照明单元102发光二极管分别由控制单元101直接控制。在本实施例中，该多光谱光发生单元100包括第一照明单元、第二照明单元以及第一光束整形单元、第二光束整形单元、第一光导器件、第二光导器件。
多光谱光发生单元100的分布需要确保各个波长的光源都可以均匀地照亮眼底，确保在眼睛瞳孔处的进光光路横截面和出光光路横截面保持一定间距，以克服不需要的眼底后向散射带来的在图像上的干扰。通常，通过环形/弧形提供照明，而通过中央圆形区域眼底反射出光供图像采集。
在图像采集装置107中，环形照明通常是分成部分环形或者弧形，单次只会照亮部分环形，一般需要快速点亮两个部分环形照明以获取两张分开的图像，并合并成期望视场角的完整图像。这种顺序环形拍摄技术的单独图像通常存在一定面积的角膜反光，但是当把两张分开的图像合并之后，可以有效地消除角膜反光。在这种电子图像叠加中，单个半环照明获取的图像较暗的区域的像素灰度值会变成双倍。为了防止图像的任何重叠，部分环形照明的角度应该小于180度。在修补图像时，可以不出现明显的分界线，并且可以实现两个图像之间的渐变过渡。
基于此，在其中一种实施方式中，参见图8所示的另一种多光谱光发生单元100的结构示意图；光导器件103输出端为半环结构；该半环结构通过光纤排列成半环形来实现；两个光导器件103输出端的半环结构相互匹配；两个光导器件103输出端的半环结构可结合形成全环。
具体地，两个半环结构相互分隔，每个半环结构对应一个照明单元102；当控制单元101发送控制信号及控制电流至特定照明单元102上某个波长的发光二极管时，相应的发光就会经由上述匀光棒和光纤，使该半环结构发光。
通过上述两个相互分隔的半环结构，可以形成两个弧形照明区域，两个弧形照明沿同一圆周均匀分布，两个弧形照明区域被配置成照明患者眼底的相同部分，两个弧形照明区域对应的圆心角均小于180度。
每个弧形照明区域源于对应的多光谱光发生单元100中的半环结构，成像在被测眼的瞳孔上为近半圆形，从而进一步的在预定立体角(视场)内照射整个视网膜。
作为另一种实施方式，光导器件103输出端包括两组四分之一环结构；四分之一环结构被配置成将光导器件103输出端的光纤排列成弧形；两个光导器件103输出端中，四分之一环结构沿同一圆周均匀分布。四个四分之一环结构，沿同一圆周均匀分布，形成四个弧形照明区域，四个弧形照明区域被配置成照明患者眼底的相同部分，四个弧形照明区域对应的圆心角均小于90度。
四弧形照明方式，照明将由多光谱光发生单元100的两个对应的照明单元102分别提供。每个对应的光导器件103将把输出光再分两部分，同时分别提供给相对但不相邻的两个光环照明区域。
更近一步的，多光谱光发生单元100提供的四光环光束将被直接带到照明光路的输入端，每个光环为近四分之一。经照明光路从而成像在被测眼的瞳孔上。从而进一步的通过照明光路在预定立体角(视场)内照射整个视网膜。
每个照明单元102将照亮相对的两个四分之一环。在实际实现时，四个四分之一环结构由每两个交替发光，具体的，在多光谱光发生单元100的一个照明单元102(例如，负责相对的两个四分之一环结构)发出波长1的照明光后，另一个分支对应的照明单元102(例如，负责另外相对的两个四分之一环结构)接着也发出波长1的照明光，然后，第一个分支发出波长2的照明光后，第二个分支也相继发出波长2的照明光，依次进行下去；在每侧弧形照明区域照明的同时，图像采集装置107同时进行图像采集。
当然，也可以由其中一个照明单元102负责相邻的两个四分之一环结构；另一个照明单元102负责另外相邻的两个四分之一环结构。
在另一种实施方式中，参见图9所示的另一种多光谱光发生单元100的结构示意图；每个光导器件103输出端包括全环结构；全环结构被配置成将光束整形单元104的输出端的光纤排列成设定半径的全环形；两个光导器件103输出端中，其中一个全环形为外环结构，另一个全环形为内环结构；外环结构的半径大于所述内环结构的半径。
具体地，光纤通过设定的排布成内外两个全环的光纤输出端直接传向照明光路，其透镜系统可以将光线合并成完整的环形。
通过上述方式，既可以实现半环照明，四分之一环照明，也可以实现全环照明；半环照明时，发光二极管可以个包含9个波长；全环照明时，发光二极管最多可达到18个波长。参见图8所示的采用多光谱光发生单元100生成的多光谱视网膜图像；图10展示了10种光谱下的视网膜图像，每种光谱下的视网膜图像可以呈现出不同的特征。
对应于上述多光谱光发生单元100实施例，参见图11所示的一种眼底成像系统的结构示意图；所述系统包括上述实施例所述的多光谱光发生单元100；还包括中央控制器105及图像采集装置107，中央控制器105、图像采集装置107分别与控制单元101通信连接。
中央控制器105被配置成发出控制指令至多光谱光发生单元100。
多光谱光发生单元100被配置成将从中央控制器105发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元102中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光，以输出多光谱光。
图像采集装置107被配置成采集处于多光谱光的环境下的眼底图像。
该系统还包括光能量探测器106；光能量探测器106与控制单元101电连接。
光能量探测器106安装在发光二极管矩阵的一侧，被配置成探测多光谱光的能量，并将多光谱光的能量传输至控制单元101。
控制单元101被配置成将多光谱光的能量大于预设定的阈值时控制照明单元102的发光二极管关闭。
当眼底成像系统的多光谱光发生单元100包括两个照明单元102时，该控制单元101可以向两个照明单元102(例如，单元a和单元b)分别发送控制信号，二者相互独立；该 控制单元101还可以控制任一照明单元102中的每个发光二极管按照任意顺序开启或关闭；并且，单元a上的每个发光二极管可以与单元b上的任何发光二极管波长组合，并且单元a和单元b可以具有相同的波长或完全不同的波长。
本公开实施例提供的眼底成像系统，与上述实施例提供的多光谱光发生单元100具有相同的技术特征，所以也能解决相同的技术问题，达到相同的技术效果。
多光谱光发生单元多光谱光发生单元请参阅图12，对应于上述多光谱光发生单元100实施例，本公开实施例还提供了一种眼底成像系统，系统包括上述任一实施例的多光谱光发生单元100；需要说明的是，本实施例所提供的眼底成像系统，其基本原理及产生的技术效果和对应的实施例相同，为简要描述，本实施例部分未提及之处，可参考上述的实施例中相应内容。该眼底成像系统还包括中央控制器105及图像采集装置107，中央控制器105、图像采集装置107分别与控制单元101通信连接，
中央控制器105被配置成发出控制指令至多光谱光发生单元100。
多光谱光发生单元100被配置成将从中央控制器105发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元102中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光，以输出多光谱光。
图像采集装置107被配置成采集处于多光谱光的环境下的眼底图像。
另外，系统还包括光能量探测器106；光能量探测器106与控制单元101电连接，
光能量探测器106安装在发光二极管矩阵的一侧，被配置成探测多光谱光的能量，并将多光谱光的能量传输至控制单元101。
控制单元101被配置成将多光谱光的能量大于预设定的阈值时控制照明单元102的发光二极管关闭。
请参阅图13，对应于上述多光谱光发生单元100实施例，本公开实施例还提供了一种眼底成像方法，该方法应用于眼底成像系统；该系统包括中央控制器105、图像采集装置107以及上述实施例所述的多光谱光发生单元100，中央控制器105、图像采集装置107分别与控制单元101通信连接，该方法包括：
步骤S1501：中央控制器105向控制单元101发出控制指令。
步骤S1502：控制单元101将中央控制器105发送的控制指令转换为控制信号。
步骤S1503：控制单元101触发指定的照明单元102中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光。
具体地，利用控制单元101控制第一照明单元包含的发光二极管矩阵的多个发光二极管以预定的顺序和发光时间一个接一个发出设定波长的光或控制第一照明单元包含的发光二极管矩阵的多个发光二极管同时发光。另外，图像采集装置107将与发光二极管闪光同步收集一连串的对于每个光源一一对应的图像，并通过中央控制器105将采集的眼球图像传送到外部计算设备以被配置成存储，读取或进一步处理。通常应用时每个发光二极管的光谱照射的眼球图像被分别采集。
当多光谱光发生单元100接收到来自中央控制器105发光指令或发光触发脉冲(即控制指令)时，与发光指令或发光触发脉冲关联的照明单元102发光二极管矩阵按照指定的闪光时间发光；中央控制器105可同时向多光谱光源和图像采集装置107发送信号，或者，多光谱光源在开始发光后立即同时向图像采集装置107发送信号，以使图像采集装置107和多光谱光源同步工作。
步骤S1504：光导器件103将照明单元102包含的发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光。
步骤S1505：中央控制器105控制图像采集装置107在输出设定形状的多光谱光的环境下采集眼底图像。
步骤S1506：中央控制器105对眼底图像进行处理生成最终的眼底图像。
具体地，本实施例中，多光谱光发生单元100包括第一照明单元、第二照明单元，眼底成像系统还包括图像采集装置107，且第一照明单元、第二照明单元连接的光导器件103包括形成半环结构时或两组四分之一环结构时，步骤S1503-步骤S1505具体可以由如下子步骤执行：
步骤S1601：利用控制单元101控制第一照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及第二照明单元关闭。
步骤S1602：光导器件103将第一照明单元点亮并发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定波长及设定能量的多光谱光。
步骤S1603：然后利用控制单元101与图像采集装置107同步并在在设定波长及设定能量的光的环境下采集第一眼底图像。
步骤S1604：接着利用控制单元101控制第二照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及第一照明单元关闭。
步骤S1605：利用光导器件103将第二照明单元发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定波长及设定能量的多光谱光。
步骤S1606：然后利用中央控制器105控制图像采集装置107在设定波长的光的环境下采集第二眼底图像。
步骤S1506可以由以下几个子步骤执行，包括：
步骤S1607：利用中央控制器105删除第一眼底图像中的角膜反光区域。
步骤S1608：利用中央控制器105获取第二眼底图像中，角膜反光区域的对应位置的有效图像。
步骤S1609：利用中央控制器105将有效图像合并至第一眼底图像中的对应位置，生成最终的眼底图像。
另外，该系统还包括光能量探测器106；光能量探测器106与控制单元101电连接，光能量探测器106安装在发光二极管矩阵的一侧，方法还包括：
步骤S1507：利用光能量探测器106探测多光谱光的能量，并将多光谱光的能量传输至控制单元101。
步骤S1508：利用控制单元101将多光谱光的能量大于预设定的阈值时控制照明单元102的发光二极管关闭。
每个照明单元102发光二极管矩阵的输出光功率和能量都经过校准并实时监测，以实现实时监视每个发光二极管每次发光的能量并在正常或非正常运行时能量一旦达到安全能量预警极限(即预设定的阈值)时立即切断光源，以对患者起到绝对的安全保护作用。
通过上述方式可以采用有效图像替代角膜反光区域，使眼底图像更加清晰、准确，为用户提供更多的眼底数据。
本公开实施例所提供的多光谱光发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法，该多光谱光发生单元100为具有系列模式的多光谱照明源，系列模式可以按顺序短暂触发各个波长光源，一系列内可以捕获多幅图像(多个波长图像)，系列周期通常小于250毫秒；在系列内可以组合不同波长或多次重复单个波长或者不同波长闪光顺序；环形多光谱给光，以实现宽视场角眼底照明；多光谱光发生单元100可以满足多光谱眼底成像所需的多项需求，满足临床应用所需的可选的发光二极管能够提供足够的功率，以满足眼底清晰成像的照明需求。
本公开实施例所提供的多光谱光发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法，能够从单一来源分成多个窄带光谱(小于30纳米的带宽)，或者将多个窄带光谱集成到一个光源中，以获取视网膜成像的能力；可以有效控制照明功率而不引起光伤害，并且日常使用的曝光量远低于安全阈值水平；多光谱光发生单元100为基于波长的模块化设计，可以根据实际需求灵活选择；可以基于光源适时功率监测和视网膜反光特性的实测反馈结果，动态地调节给光量。
本公开实施例所提供的多光谱光发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法的计算机程序产品，包括存储了程序代码的计算机可读存储介质，所述程序代码包括的指令可被配置成执行前面方法实施例中所述的方法，具体实现可参见方法实施例，在此不再赘述。
另外，在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算平台可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本公开的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机单元(可以是嵌入式中央处理单元及图像处理单元，个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本公开各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅被配置成描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
最后应说明的是：以上所述实施例，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制，本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开实施例技术方案的精神和范围，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
该多光谱发生单元及眼底成像系统与方法，可以实现获得形状、波长，能量，及闪光时间等参数满足用户需求的多光谱发生单元，为眼底成像系统或其他成像、照明系统提供了性能较佳的多光谱发生单元，提高了成像的能力，使成像更加清晰，最后输出的多光谱光在形状、数值孔径和发光面积等方面均满足用户需求。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述多光谱光发生单元包括控制单元，一个或多个照明单元；所述照明单元包括发光二极管矩阵，每个发光二极管矩阵发出多种波长的光；
    所述控制单元将从中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光，以输出多光谱光；
    所述多光谱光发生单元还包括光导器件；所述光导器件与所述照明单元连接；
    所述光导器件用于将所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述多光谱光发生单元还包括光束整形单元；
    所述光束整形单元的输入端与所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵相接；所述光束整形单元的输出端与所述光导器件相接；所述光束整形单元被配置成调节对所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线分布，以使各个波长的光线均匀分布在所述光束整形单元的输出端的截面上；
    所述光导器件按照设定的排列方式排列光纤，所述光导器件还被配置成将所述光束整形单元的输出光整形，以输出设定形状的多光谱光发生单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述多光谱光发生单元还包括光束均匀发散单元，所述光束均匀发散单元安装在所述光导器件的末端以将设定形状的光束的光进一步均匀向外发散。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述光导器件包括与所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵数量相匹配的光纤子束；每个所述光导器件的光纤子束包括设定数量的光纤；
    在所述光导器件的输入端，每组所述光纤子束的纤芯均匀排列在相对应的发光二极管矩阵的发光面；每个所述光纤子束与每个发光二极管位置相对应；每个所述光纤子束包含每个所述光纤子束中的一个或多个光纤；在所述光导器件的输出端，形成设定形状及所述设定数量的光纤。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述光束整形单元为匀光棒；所述匀光棒的输入端与所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵相对接耦合；所述匀光器件的输入端的形状与所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵的形状相匹配；所述匀光器件的输出端与所述光导器件的光纤束对接。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述光束均匀发散单元为毛玻璃扩散片。
  7. 根据权利要求2或5或6所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述多光谱光发生单元包括一个或两个照明单元、以及与所述照明单元数量相对应的一个或两个所述光束整形单元、一个或两个所述光导器件；
    所述控制单元将从中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，以控制一个或两个照明单元。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述多光谱光发生单元包括两个照明单元、两个所述光束整形单元、两个所述光导器件，所述光导器件输出端为半环结构；
    两个所述光导器件输出端的半环结构相互匹配；两个所述光导器件输出端的半环结构可结合形成全环结构。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述光导器件输出端包括全环结构；
    所述全环结构被配置成将所述光束整形单元的输出端的光纤排列成设定半径的全环形；两个所述光导器件输出端中，其中一个所述全环形为外环结构，另一个所述全环形为内环结构；所述外环结构的半径大于所述内环结构的半径。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述光导器件输出端包括两组四分之一环结构；
    所述四分之一环结构被配置成将所述光导器件的输出端的光纤排列成弧形；两个所述光导器件输出端中，所述四分之一环结构沿同一圆周均匀分布。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述多光谱光发生单元还包括光束整形单元；
    所述光束整形单元的输入端与所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵相接；所述光束整形单元被配置成调节对所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵发出的各个波长的光线分布，以使各个波长的光线均匀分布在所述光束整形单元的输出端的截面上，从而输出设定形状的多光谱光。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一所述的多光谱光发生单元，其特征在于，所述照明单元的发光二极管矩阵排列成正方形阵列。
  13. 一种眼底成像系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括权利要求1-12任一项所述的多光谱光发生单元；还包括所述中央控制器及图像采集装置，所述中央控制器、所述图像采集装置分别与所述控制单元通信连接，
    所述中央控制器被配置成发出控制指令至所述多光谱光发生单元；
    所述多光谱光发生单元被配置成将从中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号，触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光，以输出多光谱光；
    所述图像采集装置被配置成采集处于多光谱光的环境下的眼底图像。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的眼底成像系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括光能量探测器；所述光能量探测器与所述控制单元电连接，
    所述光能量探测器安装在发光二极管矩阵的一侧，被配置成探测多光谱光的能量，并将多光谱光的能量传输至所述控制单元；
    所述控制单元被配置成将所述多光谱光的能量大于预设定的阈值时控制所述照明单元的发光二极管关闭。
  15. 一种眼底成像方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于眼底成像系统；所述系统包括中央控制器、图像采集装置以及权利要求1-7任一项所述的多光谱光发生单元，所述中央控制器、所述图像采集装置分别与所述控制单元通信连接，所述方法包括：
    所述中央控制器向所述控制单元发出控制指令；
    所述控制单元将所述中央控制器发送的控制指令转换为控制信号；
    所述控制单元触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光；
    所述光导器件将照明单元发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光；
    所述中央控制器控制所述图像采集装置在输出设定形状的多光谱光的环境下采集眼底图像；
    所述中央控制器对所述眼底图像进行处理生成最终的眼底图像。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多光谱光发生单元包括第一照明单元、第二照明单元，所述眼底成像系统还包括图像采集装置，且所述第一照明单元、所述第二照明单元连接的光导器件包括形成半环结构时或两组四分之一环结构时，所述控制单元触发指定的照明单元中，指定的发光二极管矩阵发出设定波长及设定能量的光；所述光导器件将照明单元发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定形状的多光谱光； 所述中央控制器控制所述图像采集装置在输出设定形状的多光谱光的环境下采集并生成眼底图像的步骤包括：
    利用所述中央控制器控制所述第一照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及所述第二照明单元关闭；
    所述光导器件将所述第一照明单元点亮并发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定波长及设定能量的多光谱光；
    然后利用所述中央控制器控制所述图像采集装置在设定波长及设定能量的光的环境下采集第一眼底图像；
    接着利用所述中央控制器控制所述第二照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及所述第一照明单元关闭；
    利用所述光导器件将所述第二照明单元发光二极管矩阵发出的光进行成形处理，以输出设定波长及设定能量的多光谱光；
    然后控制所述图像采集装置在设定波长的光的环境下采集第二眼底图像；
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制单元对所述眼底图像进行处理生成最终的眼底图像的步骤包括：
    利用所述控制单元删除第一眼底图像中的角膜反光区域；
    利用所述控制单元获取第二眼底图像中，角膜反光区域的对应位置的有效图像；
    利用所述控制单元将有效图像合并至第一眼底图像中的对应位置，生成最终的眼底图像。
  18. 根据权利要求17-18任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述系统还包括光能量探测器；所述光能量探测器与所述控制单元电连接，所述光能量探测器安装在发光二极管矩阵的一侧，所述方法还包括：
    利用所述光能量探测器探测多光谱光的能量，并将多光谱光的能量传输至所述控制单元；
    利用所述控制单元将所述多光谱光的能量大于预设定的阈值时控制所述照明单元的发光二极管关闭。
  19. 根据权利要求14-18任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述利用所述控制单元控制所述第一照明单元点亮并发出设定波长及设定能量的光及所述第二照明单元关闭的步骤包括：
    所述利用所述控制单元控制所述第一照明单元包含的发光二极管矩阵的多个发光二极管以预定的顺序和发光时间一个接一个发出设定波长的光或控制所述第一照明单元包含的发光二极管矩阵的多个发光二极管同时发光。
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