WO2019165772A1 - 球囊牵拉装置及其制造方法 - Google Patents

球囊牵拉装置及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019165772A1
WO2019165772A1 PCT/CN2018/103279 CN2018103279W WO2019165772A1 WO 2019165772 A1 WO2019165772 A1 WO 2019165772A1 CN 2018103279 W CN2018103279 W CN 2018103279W WO 2019165772 A1 WO2019165772 A1 WO 2019165772A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
balloon
core tube
tube
expansion
manufacturing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/103279
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张智超
张传海
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Keci Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Keci Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Keci Medical Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Keci Medical Technology Co Ltd
Priority to US16/976,407 priority Critical patent/US11678871B2/en
Priority to EP18907619.3A priority patent/EP3760131A4/en
Priority to JP2020545625A priority patent/JP7108698B2/ja
Publication of WO2019165772A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019165772A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/0218—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors for minimally invasive surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M25/1011—Multiple balloon catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M29/00—Dilators with or without means for introducing media, e.g. remedies
    • A61M29/02—Dilators made of swellable material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00526—Methods of manufacturing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00535—Surgical instruments, devices or methods pneumatically or hydraulically operated
    • A61B2017/00557—Surgical instruments, devices or methods pneumatically or hydraulically operated inflatable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22051—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
    • A61B2017/22055—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation with three or more balloons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M2025/0008—Catheters; Hollow probes having visible markings on its surface, i.e. visible to the naked eye, for any purpose, e.g. insertion depth markers, rotational markers or identification of type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0009—Making of catheters or other medical or surgical tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medical devices, and more particularly to a balloon pulling device and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • Retractors also known as pull hooks, are used to retract tissue, reveal the scope of surgery, and facilitate exploration and operation. They can be divided into two types: hand-held hooks and automatic hooks. Available in a variety of shapes and sizes, you can choose the right hook for your surgery.
  • the catheter retractor is used for tissue retraction during surgery, and the product completes the retraction operation by natural lumen intervention or open surgical intervention.
  • Surgery includes, but is not limited to, various types of laparoscopic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, brain surgery, digestive tract surgery, urological surgery, etc., including but not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, esophagus, airway, urethra, vagina , bladder, etc.
  • the purpose of retraction includes, but is not limited to, protecting a particular tissue, removing a particular tissue to facilitate surgical procedures.
  • a balloon catheter retractor as shown in FIG. 1 includes a catheter 5 having a gas valve at one end, a balloon 4 disposed on the outer circumference of the catheter 5, and one or more cavities in the catheter, in the balloon
  • the catheter portion is inflated or deflated, and the balloon 4 is bent toward one side when inflated.
  • the balloon 4 material is non-compliant and the ends 3 are sealed to the catheter 5 by laser welding.
  • the curved balloon shown in Figure 1 uses a single balloon, which puts high demands on the material and bending degree of the balloon. Only the accurate calculation and testing of the balloon material can achieve the retraction of a specific operation. Distance requirements. This brings difficulties to the preparation of such a curved balloon and raises high technical requirements. In some specific procedures, the degree of bending of a single balloon may not achieve the retraction distance required for surgery.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a curved balloon for natural tunnel intervention or open surgical intervention to complete the retracting operation based on the above problems, which solves the complicated structure of the current catheter retractor, is inconvenient to operate, and has a large diameter and cannot pass.
  • the narrow, complicated structure of the cavity, and the inability to accurately control the pulling force, the reliability is not high, and the like, the present invention realizes a simple and reliable balloon pulling device capable of achieving large distance retraction while being able to be precisely adjusted.
  • the present invention provides a balloon pulling device comprising a core tube and a balloon portion, wherein the core tube portion can charge and discharge a fluid portion of the balloon portion, wherein the balloon portion comprises a plurality of expansion segments.
  • the expanded section is larger than the rest of the balloon after being filled with fluid, thereby causing the entire balloon to bend.
  • the core tube is flexible and has a plurality of long strips of cavities therein.
  • the core tube surface has at least one hole or a corresponding hole for each expansion section.
  • the capsule is wrapped or attached to the core tube.
  • the axis of the balloon is on one side of the core of the core tube.
  • the core tube may be a plurality of independent core tubes, each of which separately controls the charging and discharging of a plurality of balloon expansion sections; or a multi-lumen tube, each of which separately controls the charging and discharging of a plurality of balloon expansion sections .
  • each balloon may also be a plurality of balloons on the core tube, each having a plurality of expansion segments, such that each balloon can individually control the bending. Both ends of the balloon are connected by a ductile material having a small ductility.
  • the recommended parameters of the balloon may be any one or groups of the following.
  • the length of the expanded section of the balloon is greater than the outer diameter of its unexpanded state.
  • the adjacent spacing between the expanded sections of the balloon is less than 0.2 times the length of the expanded section.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a balloon pulling device, comprising the steps of: forming a balloon on a balloon forming machine by using a splicing die; removing the balloon after cooling; The core tube is bored and punched in the core tube; the balloon is placed in a predetermined position, and the balloon is fixed on the core tube by welding or glue bonding.
  • the mold is divided into two parts, and the shape of the internal cavity after the two-petal mold is spliced is consistent with the final outer contour of the balloon. Cooling is externally cooled by water until it is consistent with the ambient temperature.
  • the core tube is extruded from an extruder to form a single or multi-lumen tube.
  • the manufacturing method further comprises: after fixing the balloon to the core tube, using a ductile material having a small ductility, one end is fixed near the distal end of the core tube, and the other end is fixed near the proximal end of the core tube, and then the filament material is The core tube is bonded.
  • the filamentary material may be a metal that is not easily ductile, that is, a metal having a large modulus.
  • the ends of the wire are secured adjacent the distal end of the core tube, i.e., the distal end of the balloon, and the proximal end of the core tube, i.e., the proximal end of the balloon.
  • the balloon fixed to the core tube may be one or more.
  • the core tube should be a multi-lumen tube or a combination of a plurality of single lumen tubes, and each balloon has at least one corresponding in the core tube. The opening of the position is used to charge and discharge fluid.
  • the invention realizes a simple and reliable balloon pulling device capable of realizing large distance retracting while being capable of precise adjustment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a conventional balloon pulling device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the balloon pulling device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the balloon pulling device of the present invention filled with a fluid
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the balloon pulling device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of a cross section of the balloon pulling device of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes the idea of forming a plurality of expansion segments of the balloon in series, and each expansion segment is After being filled with fluid, the expansion is squeezed to form a bend.
  • both the expanded and non-expanded segments expand after the overall filling.
  • the expansion section and the non-expansion section are pressed against each other, and because of the eccentricity, the axis of the balloon is integrally elongated and the axis of the core tube is elongated little, thereby causing bending.
  • the whole body will be bent.
  • the depression between the balloon and the balloon is very low, so it is subject to external interference. It is easy to straighten. It is also possible to employ a plurality of such balloons to accumulate for greater bending or to achieve bending of different shapes.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the balloon pulling device of the present invention.
  • the balloon pulling device as shown in Fig. 2 mainly has two parts, a core tube 11 and a balloon 12 wrapped over the core tube 11.
  • the balloon 12 includes a plurality of expansion segments 13 with a plurality of non-expanded portions between the expansion segments 13.
  • the balloon 12 is located at the center rear end of the core tube 11.
  • the core tube 11 is a tube having a hollow lumen. Because it needs to be inserted into the patient and can be pulled by the balloon 12, the core tube 11 is typically a biocompatible, flexible, elongated plastic or plastic tube.
  • the core tube 11 can charge and discharge the balloon 12.
  • Figure 2 is a state in which the fluid is not filled, in which the expansion section 13 has not expanded, slightly larger than the non-expansion section.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the balloon pulling device of the present invention filled with a fluid.
  • each of the expansion sections 13 of the balloon 12 is filled with a fluid to expand and press against each other to form a curved profile. Because the axis of the balloon 12 does not coincide with the axis of the core tube 11, the axis of each expansion section 13 is located on one side of the core tube 11, so that each expansion section 13 accumulates a degree of bending after being filled with fluid, that is, expansion.
  • the length of the expansion section 13, the number of eccentricities, and the degree of eccentricity can be controlled to predict and simulate the degree of pulling, so that the range of the large pulling distance can be achieved, and the precise adjustment of the portion and distance of the pulling can be performed.
  • the core tube 11 may also have a plurality of balloons 12, each of which has a plurality of expansion segments 13 such that each balloon 12 can individually control the bending of a portion of the core tube 11. shape.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the balloon pulling device of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of a cross section of the balloon pulling device of the present invention.
  • the core tube 11 has holes 14 in the portion of the surface that are covered by the balloon 12 or corresponding holes 14 for each of the expansion segments 13.
  • the core tube 11 may be a plurality of independent core tubes 11, each of which individually controls the charging and discharging of the expansion section 13 of the single balloon 12; or may be a multi-lumen tube, each of which individually controls a single balloon 12 The expansion and contraction of the expansion section 13.
  • the expansion sections 13 of the balloon 12 herein may be in communication with each other through a non-expanding section, or may be separate expansion portions that are not interconnected, such as by a plurality of independent small expansion balloons or each non-expanded portion being tied. Both ends of the balloon are connected by a filamentous material 15 having a small ductility.
  • the filament material 15 may be disposed in the lumen of the core tube 11 as in Fig. 5, or may be disposed on the outer surface of the core tube.
  • the filament material 15 is made of a metal material having a large modulus, such as a metal, to ensure that the balloon 12 is not expanded to lengthen the core tube to reduce the degree of bending and to cause deformation of the core tube.
  • the length of the expanded section 13 of the balloon 12 is greater than the outer diameter of its unexpanded state.
  • the adjacent spacing between the expansion sections 13 of the balloon 12 is less than 0.2 times the length of the expansion section 13.
  • the balloon pulling device In actual use, in the unfilled state, the balloon pulling device extends into the patient's lumen (minimally invasive or natural), first filling part of the fluid (preferably, the internal pressure is 1-4) Between atmospheric pressures, the distal balloon 12 undergoes visible bending, is positioned by the developing device, and the handle is rotated and pushed so that the angle and position of the device reach the desired state. The filling of the liquid is then continued (preferably such that the internal pressure of the device reaches between 4 and 6 atmospheres) and the balloon 12 will remain maximally bent to achieve the purpose of pulling the target tissue.
  • the internal pressure preferably, the internal pressure is 1-4
  • the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a balloon pulling device comprising the steps of:
  • thermoplastic polymer material is selected, melted and extruded into a tube.
  • the milling balloon molding die has a mold divided into two halves, and the shape of the internal cavity after the two-valve mold is spliced is consistent with the final outer contour of the balloon 12.
  • the spliced mold is placed on a balloon forming machine and the tube is placed in the cavity.
  • the external water is cooled and cooled until it is consistent with the ambient temperature.
  • the mold is released, the mold is removed, the two-petal mold is again separated, and the formed balloon 12 is taken out.
  • the balloon 12 has a portion of the expanded portion 13 and a portion of the non-expanded portion depending on the shape of the mold. It is also possible to restrain the non-expanded portion from being inflated after the balloon 12 is set to a predetermined position, regardless of the expanded and non-expanded portions.
  • the core tube 11 is extruded, a thermoplastic polymer material is selected, melted and extruded to form a single-chamber or multi-lumen tube.
  • a small hole 14 is punched in the core tube 11 using a catheter puncher according to the position of the preset balloon 12.
  • the balloon 12 is placed in a predetermined position and the balloon 12 is secured over the core tube 11 by welding or gluing.
  • the material of the filamentary material 15 should be a less ductile (large modulus) wire, one end of which is fixed near the distal end of the core tube 11 (preferably the distal end of the balloon 12), The other end is fixed near the proximal end of the core tube 11 (preferably the proximal end of the balloon 12), and the filament material 15 and the core tube 11 are bonded using glue.
  • the first method is to use a thermoplastic polymer material, which is melted and extruded into a material tube.
  • the milling balloon molding mold has a mold divided into two halves, and the shape of the inner cavity after the two-blade mold is spliced is consistent with the final outer contour of the single balloon 12.
  • the spliced mold is placed on a balloon forming machine and the tube is placed in the cavity. Set the molding temperature, the molding internal pressure and the stretching rate, stretch and expand the material tube so that the outer wall of the final tube is applied to the inner wall of the mold cavity, and after the material tube is completely applied to the inner wall of the entire mold cavity, the molding pressure is maintained and simultaneously started.
  • the external water is cooled and cooled until it is consistent with the ambient temperature.
  • the mold is then released, the mold is removed, the two flap molds are again separated and the formed balloon 12 is removed.
  • the balloon 12 has a portion of the expanded portion 13 and a portion of the non-expanded portion depending on the shape of the mold. It is also possible to restrain the non-expanded portion from being inflated after the balloon 12 is set to a predetermined position, regardless of the expanded and non-expanded portions.
  • the core tube 11 is extruded, a thermoplastic polymer material is selected, melted and extruded to form a multi-lumen tube having a number greater than or equal to the number of required balloons 12.
  • a catheter puncher is used to punch holes 14 in the multi-lumen tube, the number of the holes 14 is consistent with the number of the balloons used, and the axial distance of the adjacent two holes 14 should be slightly larger than
  • the length of the balloon 12, preferably the distance, is the sum of the length of the balloon 12 and the gap between the predetermined balloons 12.
  • the plurality of balloons 12 are placed in a predetermined position, and the balloon 12 is fixed on the core tube 11 by welding or glue bonding, respectively.
  • the manufacturing method further comprises: after fixing the balloon to the core tube, the filament material 15 is fixed at one end near the distal end of the core tube 11, and the other end is fixed near the proximal end of the core tube 11, and then the filament material 15 and the core are The tube 11 is bonded.

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Abstract

球囊牵拉装置，包括芯管（11）和球囊（12）部分，芯管（11）部分可对球囊（12）部分进行充放流体，其特征在于，球囊（12）部分包括若干个膨胀段(13)，膨胀段(13)在充有流体后大于球囊（12）其余部分，从而使整个球囊(12)形成一个弯曲的轮廓。实现一种简单可靠的能够实现较大距离牵开同时能够精密调整的球囊牵拉装置。

Description

球囊牵拉装置及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域，尤其涉及球囊牵拉装置及其制造方法。
背景技术
牵开器(retractors)又称拉钩，用以牵开组织,显露需手术范围，便于探查和操作，可分为手持拉钩和自动拉钩两类。有各种不同形状和大小的规格，可根据手术需要选择合适的拉钩。
传统的牵开器需要较大的操作空间，这就需要造成较大的手术创口。同时传统的牵开器多用金属制造，同时有尖锐端，容易造成病人的二次创伤，损伤重要器官组织。
导管牵开器用于手术中的组织牵开，所述产品通过自然腔道介入或者开放式手术介入完成牵开操作。手术包括但不仅限于各类腹腔镜手术、心血管大类手术、脑部手术、消化道手术、泌尿疾病手术等，所牵开组织包括但不仅限于胃肠道、食道、气道、尿道、阴道、膀胱等。牵开目的包括但不仅限于保护特定组织、移开特定组织以方便手术操作。
如图1所示的一种球囊导管牵开器，包括：一端具有气阀的导管5，设于导管5外周的球囊4，导管内设有一个或多个空腔，在球囊内的导管部行充气或放气，该球囊4充气时会向一侧弯曲。该球囊4材料是非顺应性的，两端3采用激光焊接密封在导管5上。
但是图1所示的弯曲球囊采用单一的球囊，这就对球囊的材料和弯曲程度提出了较高的要求，只有对球囊材料进行精确的计算和测试才能达到特定手术的牵开距离要求。这就给制备这种弯曲球囊带来了困难，提出了较高的技术要求。在一些特定的手术中，单一球囊的弯曲程度可能无法实现手术要求的牵开距离。
因此如何制备弯曲球囊，使其充气后能自然弯曲是实现该发明创造的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于基于上述问题而为自然腔道介入或者开放式手术介入完成牵开操作提供一种弯曲球囊，解决当前导管牵开器结构复杂，操作不方便，产品直径较大，无法通过狭窄、结构复杂的腔道，且无法准确控制牵拉力度，可靠性不高等问题，本发明实现一种简单可靠的能够实现较大距离牵开同时能够精密调整的球囊牵拉装置。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供一种球囊牵拉装置，包括芯管和球囊部分，芯管部分可对球囊部分进行充放流体，其特征在于，球囊部分包括若干个膨胀段，膨胀段在充有流体后大于球囊其余部分，从而使整个球囊形成弯曲。
其中所述的芯管是可弯曲的，当中有若干个空腔的长条物。芯管表面至少有一个孔，或者对于每一个膨胀段都有对应的孔。囊裹覆或附着在芯管上。球囊的轴心都在芯管轴心的一侧。芯管可以是若干条独立的芯管，每个芯管单独控制若干个球囊膨胀段的充放；也可以是一条多腔管，每个腔管单独控制若干个球囊膨胀段的充放。
芯管上还可以有若干个球囊，每个球囊都拥有多个膨胀段，从而使得每个球囊都能单独控制弯曲。球囊两端用延展性小的丝状材料连接。
球囊的推荐参数可以是以下的任意一组或几组。球囊的膨胀段的长度大于其未膨胀状态的外径。球囊的膨胀段之间相邻间隔小于膨胀段长度的0.2倍。
如何制备弯曲球囊，使其充气后能自然弯曲是实现球囊牵拉的关键问题。为了实现这一目的，本发明还提供了一种球囊牵拉装置的制造方法，包括以下步骤：利用拼接模具使得材料在球囊成型机上形成球囊；冷却后拆模取出球囊；形成空腔芯管，并在芯管上打孔；球囊置于预设位置，使用焊接或者胶粘合的方法固定球囊于芯管之上。
其中，模具分为两部分，两瓣模具拼接后内部空腔的形状和球囊最终的外轮廓一致。冷却是外接水冷冷却，直到与环境温度一致。芯管是由挤出机挤出，形成单腔或者多腔管。
该制造方法还包括在固定球囊于芯管之后，采用延展性小的丝状材料，一端固定在芯管的远端附近，另一端固定在芯管的近端附近，再把丝状材料和芯管粘合。
丝状材料可以是不易延展的金属，也就是模量较大的金属。较佳地，金属丝的两头固定在芯管的远端附近即球囊的远端，以及芯管的近端附近即球囊的近端。
固定在芯管上的球囊可以是一个或多个，在多个球囊的情况下芯管应是多腔管或多条单腔管的组合，每个球囊至少有一个在芯管相应位置的开孔用于对其充放流体。
本发明实现一种简单可靠的能够实现较大距离牵开同时能够精密调整的球囊牵拉装置。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有球囊牵拉装置的示意图；
图2是本发明球囊牵拉装置的示意图；
图3是本发明球囊牵拉装置充有流体的示意图；
图4是本发明球囊牵拉装置的剖面图；
图5是本发明球囊牵拉装置的剖面的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
针对现有技术中存在的球囊弯曲度不够且不能进行精确的弯曲以满足各种手术牵拉位移的问题，本发明提出将球囊形成串接的多个膨胀段的思路，各个膨胀段在充有流体后膨胀挤压形成弯曲。在一个球囊的情况下， 整体充盈之后，膨胀段和非膨胀段都会膨胀。膨胀段和非膨胀段之间会互相挤压，又由于偏心，所以球囊所在轴线整体伸长而芯管所在的轴线伸长很小，从而导致弯曲。
如果多球囊的方案下，球囊膨胀和球囊膨胀之间互相挤压，会使整体弯曲，但是这种弯曲方案下，球囊和球囊中间的凹陷处刚度很低，所以遭受外界干扰就很容易掰直。也可以采用多个这样的球囊来累积实现更大的弯曲或者实现不同形状的弯曲。
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明文字能够据以实施。
首先请参照图2，图2是本发明球囊牵拉装置的示意图。
如图2所述的球囊牵拉装置主要有两个部分组成，芯管11和裹覆在芯管11之上的球囊12。球囊12包括若干个膨胀段13，位于这些膨胀段13之间有若干个非膨胀部分。球囊12位于芯管11的中后端。芯管11是具有中空管腔的管子。因为需要插入患者体内，且能够受球囊12牵拉，所以芯管11通常是生物相容性好、易弯曲的长条状塑胶或塑料管。芯管11可对球囊12进行充放流体。图2是未充有流体的状态，在此状态下膨胀段13尚未膨胀，略大于非膨胀段。
膨胀段13在充有流体后大于球囊12其余部分，各膨胀段13充有流体后与非膨胀段一起互相挤压，从而使整个球囊12形成弯曲。请参考图3，图3是本发明球囊牵拉装置充有流体的示意图。在图3中，球囊12的各膨胀段13充有流体而产生膨胀并互相挤压形成弯曲轮廓。因为球囊12的轴心与芯管11轴心的不重合，各个膨胀段13的轴心都位于芯管11的一侧，这样各个膨胀段13在充有流体后会累积弯曲程度，即膨胀段13越多、越长、越偏离芯管11的轴心，累积的弯曲程度就越大牵拉的距离也就较大。因此可以通过控制膨胀段13的长度、个数、偏心程度来预估和模拟牵拉的程度，从而实现大牵拉距离范围的同时，可以对牵拉的部位和距离进行精 准的微调。
在另外一些实施例中，芯管11上还可以有多个球囊12，每个球囊12都拥有多个膨胀段13，从而使得每个球囊12都能单独控制一部分芯管11的弯曲形状。
接下来，请参考图4和图5，图4是本发明球囊牵拉装置的剖面图，而图5是本发明球囊牵拉装置的剖面的局部放大图。在图4和图5中可以看到芯管11在表面被球囊12裹覆的部分留有孔14或者对于每一个膨胀段13都有对应的孔14。芯管11可以是多条独立的芯管11，每个芯管11单独控制单个球囊12的膨胀段13的充放；也可以是一条多腔管，每个腔管单独控制单个球囊12的膨胀段13的充放。这里的球囊12的膨胀段13可以通过非膨胀段互相联通，也可以是各个独立互不联通的膨胀部分，例如由多个独立的小膨胀球囊组成或者每段非膨胀部分都扎紧。球囊两端用延展性小的丝状材料15连接。丝状材料15可以如图5那样设置在芯管11的腔管中，也可以设置在芯管的外表面。丝状材料15采用模量较大的金属材料，如金属构成，以确保球囊12膨胀时不会将相应部分的芯管拉长而降低弯曲程度以及造成芯管变形。
球囊12的膨胀段13的长度大于其未膨胀状态的外径。球囊12的膨胀段13之间相邻间隔小于膨胀段13长度的0.2倍。
实际使用中，在未充盈的状态下，球囊牵拉装置伸入患者的腔道中(微创腔道或者自然腔道)，先充入部分流体(优选情况下使得内部压强在1-4个大气压之间)，远端球囊12会发生可见的弯曲，利用显影设备定位，转动并推送手柄使得装置的角度和位置到达预想状态。然后继续充入液体(优选情况使得装置内部压强达到4-6大气压之间)，球囊12会保持最大程度弯曲，从而达到牵引开目标组织的目的。
如何制备弯曲球囊，使其充气后能自然弯曲是实现球囊牵拉的关键问题。为了实现这一目的，本发明还提供了一种球囊牵拉装置的制造方法包括以下步骤：
以下是这类球囊的制备方法：
在单个球囊的情况下，选用热塑性高分子材料，熔化后挤出成料管。铣球囊成型模具，模具分为两半部分，两瓣模具拼接后内部空腔的形状和球囊12最终的外轮廓一致。拼接后的模具置于球囊成型机上，并把料管置于空腔内。设置成型温度，成型内压和拉伸速率，拉伸并膨胀料管使得最终料管外壁贴敷于模具空腔内壁，当料管完整贴敷整个模具空腔内壁之后，保持成型压力并同时开始外接水冷冷却，直到与环境温度一致。然后是脱模，取下模具，重新分开两瓣模具并把已成型球囊12取出。此时球囊12根据模具的形状已具有膨胀段13部分和非膨胀段部分。也可以不分膨胀和非膨胀部分，在后续球囊12设置到预设位置后对非膨胀部分加以约束使其不能大幅膨胀。挤出芯管11，选择热塑性高分子材料，熔化后挤出，形成单腔或者多腔管。根据预设球囊12所在位置，使用导管打孔机在芯管11上打小孔14。球囊12置于预设位置，使用焊接或者胶粘合的方法固定球囊12于芯管11之上。在考虑使用丝状材料15的场合，丝状材料15材料应是延展性较小(模量大)的金属丝，一端固定在芯管11的远端附近(优选球囊12的远端)，另一端固定在芯管11的近端附近(优选球囊12的近端)，使用胶把丝状材料15和芯管11粘合。
在多个球囊的情况的制备方法：首先同样选用热塑性高分子材料，熔化后挤出成料管。铣球囊成型模具，模具分为两半部分，两瓣模具拼接后内部空腔的形状和单个球囊12最终的外轮廓一致。拼接后的模具置于球囊成型机上，并把料管置于空腔内。设置成型温度，成型内压和拉伸速率，拉伸并膨胀料管使得最终料管外壁贴敷于模具空腔内壁，当料管完整贴敷整个模具空腔内壁之后，保持成型压力并同时开始外接水冷冷却，直到与 环境温度一致。然后脱模，取下模具，重新分开两瓣模具并把已成型球囊12取出。此时球囊12根据模具的形状已具有膨胀段13部分和非膨胀段部分。也可以不分膨胀和非膨胀部分，在后续球囊12设置到预设位置后对非膨胀部分加以约束使其不能大幅膨胀。挤出芯管11，选择热塑性高分子材料，熔化后挤出，形成多腔管，腔的数量大于或者等于所需使用球囊12的个数。根据预设球囊12所在位置，使用导管打孔机在多腔管上打孔14，孔14的数量与所用球囊的个数一致，相邻两个孔14的轴向距离应略大于球囊12的长度，优选距离为球囊12长度与预设的球囊12间间隙之和。多个球囊12置于预设位置，分别使用焊接或者胶粘合的方法固定球囊12于芯管11之上。
该制造方法还包括在固定球囊于芯管之后，采用丝状材料15一端固定在芯管11的远端附近，另一端固定在芯管11的近端附近，再把丝状材料15和芯管11粘合。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用。它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域。对于熟悉本领域的人员而言可以容易实现另外的修改。因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里展示和描述的图例。

Claims (15)

  1. 球囊牵拉装置，包括芯管和球囊部分，芯管部分可对球囊部分进行充放流体，其特征在于，球囊部分包括若干个膨胀段，膨胀段在充有流体后大于球囊其余部分，从而使整个球囊形成弯曲。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的芯管是可弯曲的，当中有若干个空腔的长条物。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的芯管表面至少有一个孔，或者对于每一个膨胀段都有对应的孔。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的球囊裹覆或附着在芯管上。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的球囊的轴心都在芯管轴心的一侧。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的芯管可以是若干条独立的芯管，每个芯管单独控制若干个球囊膨胀段的充放；也可以是一条多腔管，每个腔管单独控制若干个球囊膨胀段的充放。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的芯管上有若干个球囊，每个球囊都拥有多个膨胀段，从而使得每个球囊都能单独弯曲。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的球囊两端用延展性小的丝状材料连接，丝状材料的一端固定在芯管的远端附近，另一端固定在芯管的近端附近。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的球囊的膨胀段的长度大于其未膨胀状态的外径。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的球囊牵拉装置，其特征在于所述的球囊的膨胀段之间相邻间隔小于膨胀段长度的0.2倍。
  11. 球囊牵拉装置的制造方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    利用拼接磨具使得材料在球囊成型机上形成球囊；
    冷却后拆模取出球囊；
    形成空腔芯管，并在芯管上打孔；
    球囊置于预设位置，使用焊接或者胶粘合的方法固定球囊于芯管之上。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的球囊牵拉装置的制造方法，其特征在于所述的模具分为两部分，两瓣模具拼接后内部空腔的形状和球囊最终的外轮廓一致。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的球囊牵拉装置的制造方法，其特征在于所述的芯管是由挤出机挤出，形成单腔或者多腔管。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的球囊牵拉装置的制造方法，其特征在于所述的制造方法还包括在固定球囊于芯管之后，采用延展性小的丝状材料和芯管粘合。
  15. 如权利要求11所述的球囊牵拉装置的制造方法，其特征在于所述的固定在芯管上的球囊可以是一个或多个，在多个球囊的情况下芯管应是多腔管或多条单腔管的组合，且有多个开孔，每个球囊至少有一个对应的开孔，用于对其充放流体。
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