WO2019174580A1 - 一种磨具及制作方法 - Google Patents

一种磨具及制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019174580A1
WO2019174580A1 PCT/CN2019/077870 CN2019077870W WO2019174580A1 WO 2019174580 A1 WO2019174580 A1 WO 2019174580A1 CN 2019077870 W CN2019077870 W CN 2019077870W WO 2019174580 A1 WO2019174580 A1 WO 2019174580A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet teeth
teeth
sheet
abrasive
base body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/077870
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋京新
蔡元沛
郭新玲
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201820334241.3U external-priority patent/CN207629869U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810201963.6A external-priority patent/CN108188945B/zh
Application filed by Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd filed Critical Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd
Priority to ES19767677T priority Critical patent/ES2983497T3/es
Priority to EP19767677.8A priority patent/EP3766637B1/en
Priority to KR1020207026595A priority patent/KR102396879B1/ko
Priority to US16/979,853 priority patent/US20210370472A1/en
Priority to JP2020570622A priority patent/JP7105507B2/ja
Publication of WO2019174580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019174580A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/22—Rubbers synthetic or natural
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/02—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery
    • B24D13/04—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery comprising a plurality of flaps or strips arranged around the axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/14—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face
    • B24D13/16—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face comprising pleated flaps or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/18—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor with cooling provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/009—Tools not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions, e.g. with radial slots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B24D7/066—Grinding blocks; their mountings or supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/16—Bushings; Mountings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of abrasive tools, in particular to an abrasive tool and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the metal bond diamond grinding wheel is generally manufactured by a powder metallurgy sintering process.
  • the effective way is to use a toothed grinding wheel with a groove body, using intermittent (impact) grinding.
  • Cutting function to improve grinding efficiency the usual practice is to set some groove structure on the working layer of diamond to facilitate chip removal (chip) and water (water), generally adopting the method of preset by the mold. Molding is used to produce a toothed diamond wheel with a groove.
  • the powder metallurgy process requires hot press sintering through a mold, and therefore, the hot strength of the mold is required to be high.
  • the tank body is usually made of graphite, cast iron, alloy and other materials.
  • the nozzle block is preset in the mold. After hot pressing and sintering, the water block is removed (pushed) to form.
  • the nozzle block of metal or alloy needs to be difficult to be deformed and is not easily broken when the mold is removed.
  • Graphite nozzle block fragile.
  • the volume of the nozzle block is inevitably large, resulting in a large gap between the diamond teeth and the teeth (ie, the width of the groove body is large), and the width of the groove body is large, which is advantageous for cooling the material to be processed, but for the working layer of the diamond.
  • the cooling effect is very limited.
  • the grinding wheel has a large impact force and a large jump, which increases the surface roughness of the workpiece.
  • the volume of the nozzle block is limited by the manufacturing process conditions such as strength and cannot be too small, and in order to ensure that the diamond working layer has a sufficient volume (ie, to ensure sufficient life), the number of the tanks is objectively limited. . Limiting the number of tanks, which in turn limits the diamond working teeth to a thinner space in the circumferential direction. In this way, the circumferential chip removal path is long and the amount of dust accumulation is large, and the heat generation amount of the grinding wheel is also large, and the situation is even worse when the machining is fast or high-speed feeding! It is generally necessary to increase the particle size of the diamond to improve the chip space and alleviate the above, but the increase in particle size is not conducive to the reduction of the surface roughness of the workpiece.
  • Metal bond diamond grinding wheel is generally manufactured by powder metallurgy process.
  • the metal powder bonding agent
  • the metal powder has poor fluidity. If the mold structure is too complicated, the pressure transmission will be affected, resulting in diamond. The density of the grinding wheel is uneven and the performance deviation occurs. Therefore, some complicated structures cannot be manufactured by powder metallurgy.
  • the diamond grinding wheel product manufactured by the prior art process can realize the smaller number of the groove body and the larger volume occupied by the groove body through the preset of the mold, and the shape of the diamond tooth is simple and coarse, and the effect is very limited. If the post-processing method is adopted, it is usually difficult to process, resulting in an increase in cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an abrasive tool and a manufacturing method which are reliable in manufacturing process, simple in structure, easy to implement, and low in manufacturing cost, high in energy saving and safe.
  • an abrasive tool comprising a plurality of sheet teeth, wherein the plurality of sheet teeth are sequentially stacked to form a ring structure, and two adjacent ones of the sheet teeth are fixedly connected; two adjacent A groove body is formed between the sheet teeth.
  • the invention further includes a base body having a ring structure and a pressure plate, wherein the annular structure formed by the plurality of the leaf teeth is fixed on the base body, the pressure plate has an annular structure, and the pressure plate is connected with the base body by bolts, and is pressed more The flake teeth.
  • the plurality of sheet teeth include a plurality of sheet teeth A and a plurality of sheet teeth B, a plurality of the sheet teeth A being alternately arranged with the plurality of sheet teeth B; or a plurality of elastic sheet teeth A and one elastic sheet teeth B Staggered arrangement; or a plurality of elastic sheet teeth A constitute elastic sheet teeth A group, a plurality of elastic sheet teeth B constitute elastic sheet teeth B group, elastic sheet teeth A group and elastic sheet teeth B group are staggered; sheet teeth A and When the sheet teeth B are adjacently combined, the lower portion of the sheet teeth A and the lower portion of the sheet teeth B constitute an interlocking structure.
  • the elastic sheet teeth A are made of a first bonding agent and an abrasive
  • the elastic sheet teeth B are made of a second bonding agent and an abrasive.
  • the base body is provided with a limiting groove disposed along the inner edge of the base ring; a lower portion of the plurality of the laminating teeth are embedded in the limiting groove, and the upper portions of the plurality of the laminating teeth are made of an abrasive layer .
  • the abrasive layer is made of diamond.
  • the end surface of the pressing plate near the sheet teeth is inclined and closely matched with the end surface of the sheet teeth, and the filling plate is provided with a filling body embedded in the pressing plate near the annular end surface of the sheet teeth.
  • a plurality of said troughs are arranged in a ring shape along said annular structure, and each of said troughs is relatively offset from a radial arrangement of said annular structure.
  • each of the sheet teeth is away from the end portion in the base ring, and one side of the end portion is provided with a first bump connected thereto.
  • first ridges are connected to each of the sheet teeth on the side wall of the other sheet teeth.
  • a plurality of second bumps are connected to one side wall of each of the sheet teeth.
  • the plurality of sheet teeth comprise a plurality of sheet teeth C and a plurality of sheet teeth D, and the plurality of sheet teeth C are successively stacked to form a first abrasive body, and the plurality of sheet teeth D are successively stacked to form a second abrasive body,
  • the plurality of first abrasive bodies and the plurality of second abrasive bodies are alternately formed on the base body; the width of one end of the sheet teeth C near the base body is greater than the width of the other end thereof, and the sheet teeth D are close to the base body. The width of one end is less than the width of the other end.
  • annular structure is in close contact with an edge of the base body;
  • pressure plate is annularly disposed at an upper end of the base body;
  • the side surface of the sheet tooth near the inner end of the base ring is provided with an engaging position, and the adjacent two sheet teeth are meshed with each other by the engaging position, and the lower end surface of the pressing plate is inclined downward from the inside of the ring of the pressing plate to the outer ring, and is relatively
  • the sheet teeth are constrained; a grinding structure is disposed at one end of each of the sheet teeth away from the base ring.
  • the arc length of each point in the axial direction of the grinding structure of the sheet tooth is positively related to the processing amount at the point.
  • each of the sheet teeth is provided with a plurality of grooves in the radial direction of the annular structure, and the plurality of grooves and the plurality of grooves form a mesh structure to form a mesh surface.
  • two adjacent said sheet teeth are fixedly joined by gluing and/or fasteners.
  • the binder of the sheet teeth is an organic binder, an inorganic binder or a composite binder.
  • the grinding tool is a sheet-toothed diamond grinding wheel.
  • a method for manufacturing an abrasive tool comprising the following steps:
  • the main pressing surface of the sheet teeth is made into a non-grinding working surface, and the main pressing surface is the surface with the largest sheet tooth area;
  • a plurality of sheet teeth are arranged in a stacked manner between the main pressing faces to form a ring structure.
  • the method further includes the step S4: consolidating the plurality of sheet teeth to the substrate by the pressing plate and the bolt.
  • this characteristic is also beneficial to adopt relatively more Fine abrasives for high-quality machining, this feature also facilitates efficient machining with relatively faster travel speeds or larger tool sizes.
  • the grinding surface is partially worn quickly to form a circumferential groove, and the groove forms a new trough on the grinding surface, and is formed by stacking.
  • the trough body forms a mesh trough on the grinding surface, forming a mesh grinding surface, shortening the radial discharge path of the dust, improving the pressure of the grinding surface during grinding, thereby improving the sharpness and life of the grinding wheel. .
  • the characteristics of the manufacturing process easy to achieve a similar orderly structure of the abrasive layer, improve the sharpness and life of the grinding wheel, more suitable for rough grinding processing.
  • the adjacent two sheet teeth are supported by each other, which is convenient for realizing the circumferential thinning of the sheet teeth, and enhancing the sheet teeth against stress fracture, displacement and vibration.
  • Strength which guarantees the rigidity required for the working face of the entire grinding wheel.
  • a structural anti-flying structure is formed by providing a plurality of bosses on the pressing surface and interlocking with the corresponding limiting slots.
  • the circumferential arc length of the flake teeth is short, and the flake teeth are adapted to stack a variety of structures with the same diameter and the same ring height. It is not necessary to produce corresponding molds according to the diameter one by one, which greatly reduces the difficulty of feeding and the processing difficulty of the mold. It is conducive to the implementation of automated mass production.
  • the cooling water between the flakes is integrated into one and communicates with the cooling water source, which is the capacity, cooling and chipping effect of the grinding wheel or the artificial perforation.
  • the above principle provides better chip and cooling functions, and transfers the functions required of the original abrasive body to the structural function. Therefore, for the elastic abrasive of the organic bonding agent, the self-sharpness is satisfied. Under the conditions, the porosity and elasticity of the abrasive tool can be moderately reduced, the ability to hold the abrasive can be enhanced, the life of the abrasive tool can be improved, and the application of high-speed and high-efficiency processing can be expanded.
  • the product processing is reduced compared with the same year-on-year load, which can effectively reduce power consumption, save energy and protect the environment, and reduce costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a grinding tool according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a grinding tool according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view showing an arrangement of a plurality of sheet teeth in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of a grinding tool of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a grinding tool of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a grinding tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a grinding tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing an improvement of the grinding tool according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a grinding tool according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing an improvement of the grinding tool according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of a portion of the abrasive teeth of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a front elevational view of a portion of the first abrasive body and the second abrasive body of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a plan view showing a portion of the first abrasive body and the second abrasive body of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view showing the structure of a grinding tool according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a grinding tool according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural view of a grinding tool according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the structure of an abrasive article according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a grinding tool according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 28 is a front elevational view of an abrasive article according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view showing a grinding tool according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the structure of a ring structure of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a plan view showing a ring structure of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic view showing the structure of a ring structure of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 is a schematic view showing the structure of a grinding tool according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view of a grinding tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 36 is a schematic view showing the structure of an abrasive article according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a front elevational view of a grinding tool in accordance with an embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 38 is a schematic view showing the structure of an abrasive article according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 39 is a schematic view showing the structure of a ring structure according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Base 2, sheet teeth, sheet teeth A, sheet teeth B, sheet teeth C, sheet teeth D, sheet teeth E, sheet teeth F, 3, platen, 4, tank, 5, limit groove, 6, Filler, 7, first bump, 8, first relief, 9, groove, 10, second bump, 11, first abrasive body, 12, second abrasive body, 13, meshing position, 14, Grinding structure, 15, concave structure, 16, mounting bottom plate, 17, anti-fly structure, 18, third bump, 19 fourth bump.
  • Abrasive tools are used for grinding, grinding and polishing. They include diamond grinding wheels, ordinary abrasive grinding wheels and polishing wheels. The grinding tools can also be used in various forms such as grinding blocks and grinding discs. It can also be applied to diamond grinding wheels, general abrasive grinding wheels and polishing wheels.
  • an abrasive tool comprises a base body 1 having a ring structure, a plurality of sheet teeth 2 and a pressure plate 3, and the base body 1 is provided with a limiting groove 5 disposed along the inner edge of the ring of the base body 1. a plurality of the laminating teeth 2 are radially stacked along the base body 1 to form an annular structure on the base body 1.
  • the lower portions of the plurality of the laminating teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting slot 5;
  • a groove body 4 is formed between upper portions of the sheet teeth 2;
  • the pressure plate 3 has an annular structure, and the pressure plate 3 is connected to the base body 1 by bolts, and presses a plurality of the sheet teeth 2; a plurality of the sheets
  • the upper portion of the tooth 2 is made of an abrasive layer made of diamond.
  • a plurality of individual thin teeth 2 are assembled and assembled into an abrasive body, and the abrasive body has a ring structure.
  • the tank body 4 is a water tank through which cooling water flows, a chip flute, or a function tank such as a flute or an air flow tank; wherein the tank body 4 is a radial type, an axial type, an inclined type, a circumferential type, a mesh type or a composite type.
  • Each face of the thin tooth piece 2 may be a flat surface or a curved surface, or may be a composite surface with a combination of embossing or concave, embossing or concave; or a surface having a perforation.
  • the indented and embossed tabs of the sheet flanks 2 are in the form of a dot, block, line, strip or mesh format, and are also a combination of a dot, a block, a line, a strip and a mesh.
  • the trough body 4 of each embodiment is composed of plain, concave, embossed or embossed composite lines on two adjacent thin flakes 2.
  • the grinding wheel size of this embodiment the diameter of the grinding wheel is 152 mm, the inner diameter of the grinding wheel is 118 mm, the ring width of the grinding wheel is 17 mm, and the height of the grinding wheel is 20 mm.
  • the height of the sheet teeth 2 is 14 mm, wherein the height of the upper portion of the sheet teeth 2 is 8 mm, and the height of the lower portion of the sheet teeth 2 is 6 mm.
  • the end face area of the grinding wheel is: 7210 square mm
  • the area of the groove body 4 is: 1530 square mm
  • the ratio of the end face of the groove body 4 is: 21.2%.
  • the sheet teeth 2 are made by a powder metallurgy process, and the feeding direction surface and the main pressing surface are the same as the largest area. Since the average thickness of the sheet teeth 2 is only 1.856 mm, a simple one-way pressing can be used, and the existing mold is available. Preset overall production technology requires two-way pressing, the mold height is greatly reduced, and the feeding is simple and easy.
  • the shape of the sheet teeth 2 is easy to assemble and consolidate, the sheet teeth 2 are stacked, and the solid structure is formed into a ring structure on the base body 1; After stacking, a groove body 4 is formed between upper portions of two adjacent sheet teeth 2, and the width of the groove body 4 is 0.5 mm;
  • a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 include a plurality of sheet teeth A and a plurality of sheet teeth B, a plurality of the sheet teeth A being alternately arranged with the plurality of sheet teeth B; or a plurality of elastic sheet teeth A and one elastic sheet teeth B interlaced Arranging; or a plurality of elastic sheet teeth A constitute elastic sheet teeth A group, a plurality of elastic sheet teeth B constitute elastic sheet teeth B group, elastic sheet teeth A group and elastic sheet teeth B group are staggered; sheet teeth A and sheets When the teeth B are adjacently combined, the lower portion of the sheet teeth A and the lower portion of the sheet teeth B constitute an interlocking structure.
  • the elastic sheet teeth A are made of a first bonding agent and an abrasive
  • the elastic sheet teeth B are made of a second bonding agent and an abrasive.
  • the first bonding agent and the elastic sheet made of abrasive have high hardness and long service life, and the elasticity of the second bonding agent and the abrasive is large and easy to be deformed, and the comprehensive effect can meet the cooling requirement during large pressure processing, and the polishing device has more Good life.
  • the pressure plate 3 is inclined near the end surface of the sheet tooth 2 and is closely adjacent to the end surface of the sheet tooth 2, and the pressure plate 3 is provided near the annular end surface of the sheet tooth 2 with a filling body 6 embedded in the pressure plate 3,
  • the filling body 6 has plastic deformation ability, and the filling body 6 is made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy or the like; the pressing plate 3 is fixed on the base body 1 by bolts or glue, and the grinding wheel is processed by shaping and cutting to form a finished product.
  • Prior art solution 1 The prior art has a good level of preset mold making technology.
  • the manufacturing process of the product of the embodiment is difficult and simple, and the chip removal is fast, the cooling is good, the manufacturing is easy, and the performance is greatly improved.
  • the product of the present invention has no local support structure on the surface of the sheet teeth 2, so that it is more suitable for a grinding wheel which has a small amount of grinding and which does not require high strength of the sheet teeth 2.
  • an abrasive tool comprises a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, a plurality of sheet teeth 2 and a pressure plate 3, and the base body 1 is provided with an inner edge along the inner ring of the base body 1. a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are radially stacked along the base body 1 to form an annular structure on the base body 1.
  • the lower portions of the plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting groove 5;
  • a groove body 4 is formed between upper portions of two adjacent sheet teeth 2;
  • the pressure plate 3 has an annular structure, and the pressure plate 3 is connected to the base body 1 by bolts, and presses a plurality of the sheet teeth 2
  • the upper portions of the plurality of sheet teeth 2 are made of an abrasive layer; the abrasive layer is made of diamond.
  • Each of the sheet teeth 2 is away from the end in the ring of the base body 1, and one side of the end portion is provided with a first projection 7 connected thereto.
  • the grinding wheel size of the embodiment the diameter of the grinding wheel is 152 mm, the inner diameter of the grinding wheel is 118 mm, the ring width of the grinding wheel is 17 mm, the height of the grinding wheel is 20 mm; the radial width of the first projection 7 is 2 mm, the first bump
  • the protrusion height of 7 is 0.5 mm, and the first bump 7 has a partial supporting function for the adjacent two sheet teeth 2; the sheet teeth 2 have a tooth number of 180 teeth, and the groove body 4 has a width of 0.5 mm.
  • the sheet teeth 2 are made by a powder metallurgy process, and the feeding direction surface and the main pressing surface are the same as the largest area, and the simple one-way pressing is adopted; the shape of the sheet teeth 2 is easy to assemble and consolidate, and the sheet teeth 2 are spliced
  • the stacked and solid structure is formed into a ring structure on the base body 1; after the plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are stacked, they are fixed to the base body 1 and processed by shaping and cutting to form a finished product.
  • the first bump 7 forms a partial support structure for the adjacent two sheet teeth 2, and is equivalent to the continuous tooth structure, eliminating the discontinuity due to the technical solution of the first embodiment.
  • the bounce and impact caused by the grinding, the partial support structure is located at a plurality of outer diameters of the annular structure of the sheet metal 2; when processing, the first part of the grinding wheel of the embodiment is the outer diameter of the grinding wheel. Therefore, the impact strength of the sheet teeth 2 at the outer diameter is greatly enhanced, which is advantageous for rough grinding and strong processing.
  • the trough body 4 is formed to form an internal tooth structure, and the cooling water is more likely to stay in the trough body 4 to achieve a better cooling effect.
  • an abrasive article includes a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and a pressure plate 3, and the base body 1 is provided with an inner edge of the ring of the base body 1 a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are radially stacked along the base body 1 to form an annular structure on the base body 1.
  • the lower portions of the plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting groove 5; a groove body 4 is formed between the upper portions of the two adjacent sheet teeth 2; the pressure plate 3 has an annular structure, the pressure plate 3 is connected to the base body 1 by bolts, and presses a plurality of the sheet teeth 2;
  • the upper portions of the plurality of sheet teeth 2 are made of an abrasive layer; the abrasive layer is made of diamond; and each of the sheet teeth 2 is connected to a plurality of first ridges 8 on the side wall of the other sheet teeth 2 ;
  • the grinding wheel size of the embodiment the diameter of the grinding wheel is 152 mm, the inner diameter of the grinding wheel is 118 mm, the ring width of the grinding wheel is 17 mm, the height of the grinding wheel is 20 mm; the first ridge 8 is a vertical triangular pattern, and the triangular ridge is raised.
  • the height is 0.6 mm, the plane formed by the apex of the triangular ridges of each of the sheet teeth 2 is 0.3 mm from the circumferential plane of the adjacent sheet teeth 2; the teeth of the sheet teeth 2 are 180 teeth, and the narrowest portion of the groove 4 is 0.3 mm.
  • each of the sheet teeth 2 is provided with a plurality of grooves 9 each penetrating through the two end faces of the sheet teeth 2, and the grooves on the plurality of sheet teeth 2 are along different circumferential radii
  • a plurality of circular through grooves are arranged and arranged, and the plurality of circular through grooves intersect with the plurality of grooves 4 to form a mesh structure to form a mesh surface.
  • the drainage can shorten the discharge path of the dust in the radial direction; the groove 9 and the adjacent groove 4 form a mesh structure, forming a mesh grinding surface, and improving the effect of cooling and chip removal, once the groove 9 is formed, It always exists until the abrasive layer is consumed.
  • the plurality of grooves 9 have the same diameter and constitute a ring structure; the plurality of grooves 9 have different diameters, and the plurality of grooves 9 are distributed in sections on a part of the ring, which acts as an axial micro-frequency vibration type grinding.
  • the mesh surface formed by the wear of the groove 9 is formed, and the mesh grinding surface is formed, which avoids the prior art to manufacture the circumferential groove by the integral molding of the mold.
  • the influence of the strength maintains the strength of the sheet teeth 2, greatly improving the heat dissipation capability of the grinding wheel, and making the grinding wheel more suitable for high speed machining.
  • This structure is of great significance for the development of grinding tools without cooling water, and its structural principle is also suitable for the application of grinding blocks on various abrasive discs.
  • an abrasive tool includes a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and a pressure plate 3, and the base body 1 is disposed with an inner edge of the ring of the base body 1 a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are radially stacked along the base body 1 to form an annular structure on the base body 1.
  • the lower portions of the plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting groove 5; a groove body 4 is formed between the upper portions of the two adjacent sheet teeth 2; the pressure plate 3 has an annular structure, the pressure plate 3 is connected to the base body 1 by bolts, and presses a plurality of the sheet teeth 2;
  • An upper portion of the plurality of sheet teeth 2 is made of an abrasive layer; the abrasive layer is made of diamond; a plurality of second bumps 10 are connected to one side wall of each of the sheet teeth 2, and a plurality of second The bump 10 is circular or semi-circular.
  • the grinding wheel size of this embodiment the diameter of the grinding wheel is 152 mm, the inner diameter of the grinding wheel is 118 mm, the ring width of the grinding wheel is 17 mm, the height of the grinding wheel is 20 mm; the height of the protrusion of the second projection 10 is 0.4 mm, and the diameter is 1 mm.
  • the apex of the plurality of second bumps 10 of the sheet teeth 2 contacts the adjacent sheet teeth 2, and the adjacent two sheet teeth 2 are supported by the plurality of second bumps 10;
  • the area of the end face of the grinding wheel is: 7210 square mm, the area of the groove body 4 is about: 1632 square mm, and the proportion of the end face of the grinding wheel 4 is 22.6%.
  • the prior art solution 1 has a good level of the existing mold pre-finishing manufacturing technology.
  • the ratio is: 22.6%.
  • the chip discharge path is the groove body 4;
  • the tooth circumferential direction is 3.75 times the area of the cold surface.
  • the average thinness of the sheet teeth 2 of the present embodiment is 1.367 mm, and the sheet teeth 2 are in contact with the planes of the adjacent sheet teeth 2 by the second bumps 10 to achieve mutual support, so that the rigidity of the grinding wheel is greatly improved;
  • a variety of bumps or grooves, or a composite structure of the two may be employed.
  • the calculation of the dust removal path of the technical solution of the present embodiment is reduced by 26.4% compared with the first embodiment.
  • the circumferential cold surface area of the technical solution of the present embodiment is increased by 33.3% compared with the first embodiment.
  • the diameter of the grinding wheel is 152 mm
  • the flake tooth 2 is 240 teeth
  • the width of the trough 4 is 0.4 mm, which is difficult to accomplish with existing overall manufacturing techniques. Due to the above advantages, the present embodiment greatly expands the application space and application fields of the fine particle abrasive wheel.
  • an abrasive tool includes a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and a pressure plate 3, and the base body 1 is provided with an inner edge along the inner ring of the base body 1. a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are radially stacked along the base body 1 to form an annular structure on the base body 1.
  • the lower portions of the plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting groove 5;
  • a groove body 4 is formed between upper portions of two adjacent sheet teeth 2;
  • the pressure plate 3 has an annular structure, and the pressure plate 3 is connected to the base body 1 by bolts, and presses a plurality of the sheet teeth 2
  • the upper portions of the plurality of sheet teeth 2 are made of an abrasive layer; the abrasive layer is made of diamond.
  • a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 include a plurality of sheet teeth C and a plurality of sheet teeth D, and a plurality of sheet teeth C are successively stacked to form a first abrasive body 11, and a plurality of sheet teeth D are successively stacked to form a second abrasive body 12,
  • a plurality of first abrasive bodies 11 and a plurality of second abrasive bodies 12 are alternately formed into a ring structure on the base body 1; a width of one end of the sheet teeth C near the base body 1 is greater than a width of the other end thereof, the sheet teeth The width of one end of D near the base 1 is smaller than the width of the other end.
  • the size of the grinding wheel of this embodiment the diameter of the grinding wheel is 152 mm, the inner diameter of the grinding wheel is 118 mm, the width of the grinding wheel is 17 mm, and the height of the grinding wheel is 20 mm.
  • the number of teeth of the sheet teeth 2 is 180 teeth, the width of the groove body 4 is 1 mm at the widest point, and the narrowest portion is 0.5 mm; the five sheet teeth C are successively stacked to form the first abrasive body 11, and the five sheet teeth D are continuously stacked.
  • the second abrasive body 12 is formed by interlacing 18 first abrasive bodies 11 and 18 second abrasive bodies 12 into a ring structure on the base 1.
  • the technical solution of the present application consists of a plurality of sheet teeth C continuously assembling to form a first abrasive body 11, and a plurality of sheet teeth D are successively stacked to form a second abrasive body 12, and a plurality of first abrasive bodies 11 and a plurality of second abrasive bodies are formed. 12 interlaced into a ring structure on the substrate 1, forming a composite grinding ring, to achieve a dominant or recessive double or multi-ring structure.
  • the shape of the grinding surface of the first abrasive body 11 and the second abrasive body 12 is different, and the area of the inner ring portion and the outer ring portion of each segment of the composite grinding ring is different, and each of the first abrasive bodies 11 or the second
  • the dominant surface of the composite grinding ring has a dominant shape difference; if at the same time, the sheet teeth C and the sheet teeth D use different bonding agents, then the composite grinding
  • the inner ring part and the outer ring part of each section of the ring will also cause different forces during grinding due to different performances.
  • the grinding surface of the composite grinding ring will have a recessive force difference; the height difference and the strong
  • the weak difference forms a radial and axial frequency vibration grinding, exhibiting a double-ring or multi-ring structural function, exerting or surpassing the technical effects of the prior art.
  • an abrasive article includes a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and a platen 3, and a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are stacked along the base body 1.
  • a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and a platen 3, and a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are stacked along the base body 1.
  • Forming an annular structure on the base body 1, and an abrasive end surface of the annular structure abuts against an edge of the base body 1; a middle portion between adjacent two of the sheet teeth 2 constitutes a groove body 4;
  • the arc length of each point in the axial direction of the grinding structure 14 on the sheet tooth 2 is positively related to the processing amount at the point. The larger the processing amount at this point, the larger the amount of wear at this point, and the easier it is to wear out.
  • the circumferential arc length of the point is relatively longer, and when the processing amount at the point is smaller, the circumferential arc length of the point is relatively shorter, thereby achieving relatively balanced wear and improvement.
  • the ability to resist deformation; the pressure plate 3 is annularly placed at the upper end of the base body 1, and the pressure plate 3 is coupled to the base body 1 by bolts and presses a plurality of the sheet teeth 2.
  • the grinding wheel size of this embodiment the diameter of the grinding wheel is 150 mm, the ring structure of the grinding wheel has a ring width of 10 mm, the grinding wheel opening is 12 mm, and the workpiece is suitable for processing 10 mm, and the height of the grinding wheel is 23 mm.
  • the narrowest portion of the groove body 4 is 0.2 mm.
  • the sheet teeth 2 are made by a powder metallurgy process, and the feeding direction surface and the main pressing surface are the same as the largest area.
  • the average thickness of the sheet teeth 2 is only 1.394 mm, so that simple one-way pressing can be used.
  • the mold pre-setting overall production technology requires two-way pressing, the mold height is greatly reduced, and the feeding is simple and easy.
  • the shape of the sheet teeth 2 is easy to assemble and consolidate. After the plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are stacked, the middle portion between the two adjacent sheet teeth 2 constitutes the groove body 4.
  • the groove body 4 The narrowest point is 0.2 mm; the side surface of the sheet tooth 2 near the inner end of the ring of the base body 1 is provided with an engaging position 13, and the adjacent two sheet teeth 2 are engaged with each other by the engaging position 13, and the lower end surface of the pressing plate 3 is pressed by the pressing plate
  • the inner ring of the ring 3 is inclined downward to the outer ring, and the plurality of the flake teeth 2 are restrained to prevent a plurality of the flake teeth 2 from flying out during the grinding process; the auxiliary filling body 6 is used, and the auxiliary member and the bonding are utilized.
  • a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are fixed on the substrate 1 and processed by a shaped blade or the like to form a finished product.
  • each of the sheet teeth 2 away from the ring of the base body 1 is provided with a grinding structure 14 which is adjacent to the end surface of the other sheet tooth 2 when corresponding to the need to grind the workpiece into a concave surface
  • the upper structure is a embossed structure.
  • each of the sheet teeth 2 is adjacent to the end surface of the other sheet tooth 2, and the grinding structure 14 is concave and convex. Or embossed composite lines.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment is difficult to manufacture, and the sheet teeth 2 which are difficult to manufacture by the whole preset are realized, and the narrow tooth structure which greatly shortens the discharge path of the dust is realized, and the tank body 4 which is rapidly cooled is realized, which is conveniently realized.
  • the internal cooling water supply cooling mode is dense, and the performance of the grinding wheel product is greatly improved.
  • an abrasive tool further includes a base body 1 and a pressure plate 3 in a ring structure, and a ring structure composed of a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 is fixed to the base body 1
  • the pressure plate 3 is in an annular structure, the pressure plate 3 is connected to the base body 1 by bolts, and presses a plurality of the sheet teeth 2;
  • a plurality of the troughs 4 are arranged in a ring shape along the annular structure, and each of the troughs 4 is relatively offset from the radial arrangement of the annular structure.
  • an abrasive article includes a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, and a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and the base body 1 is provided with a limit disposed along the inner edge of the ring of the base body 1.
  • a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are radially stacked along the base body 1 to form an annular structure on the base body 1.
  • the lower portions of the plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting groove 5, and are glued by glue.
  • the base body 1 is formed on the base body 1; the upper part of the adjacent two of the sheet teeth 2 forms a groove body 4; in use, it is pressed on the mounting base plate 16 by a pressing plate, and is connected to the flange on the motor shaft through a bolt, and is pressed.
  • a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are housed; the upper portions of the plurality of sheet teeth 2 are made of an abrasive layer.
  • the abrasive layer is made of an organic binder, an inorganic binder or a composite binder and an abrasive, and the abrasive layer is provided with different amounts of porosity; the abrasive layer is also a working layer, and the inorganic binder is metal, ceramic or diamond soil.
  • the organic binder is a resin or a rubber; the composite binder is a ceramic resin.
  • Each of the sheet teeth 2 is away from the end of the annular structure, and one side of the end portion is provided with a third bump 18 connected thereto; and a plurality of fourth bumps 19 are connected to one side wall of each of the sheet teeth 2,
  • the plurality of fourth bumps 19 are circular or semi-circular; the adjacent two fringe teeth 2 are pressed against each other by the plurality of fourth bumps 19 to achieve mutual support.
  • a plurality of bumps or grooves, or a composite structure of the two may be used to form the mutual support or anti-fly structure 17.
  • the sheet teeth 2 are made of an organic binder, and the surface of the feeding direction and the main pressing surface are the same as the largest area, and simple unidirectional pressing is adopted; the shape of the sheet teeth 2 is easy to assemble and consolidate, and a plurality of sheet teeth are used. 2 is stacked, and the solid structure is formed into a ring structure on the base body 1; after being shaped and processed, the finished product is formed.
  • Adjacent two of the sheet teeth 2 are glued together by means of an adhesive.
  • the trough body 4 is formed to form an internal tooth structure, and the cooling water is more likely to stay in the trough body 4 to achieve a better cooling effect.
  • the plurality of fourth bumps 19 are pressed against each other; the rigidity of the organic bonding agent polishing wheel is satisfied, and the problem that the polishing wheel is poorly deformed and deformed after the slotting opening in the prior art is solved.
  • the overall elasticity of the product can be adjusted to some extent by the structural shape, the number and the size of the fourth bump 19.
  • the overall heat resistance of the product is improved by the structural function, and the pore structure which needs to be placed inside the bonding agent can be replaced, the porosity is lowered, the ability to hold the abrasive is improved, and the high-speed and high-efficiency processing capability is greatly increased. improve.
  • an abrasive article includes a base body 1 having a ring structure and a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and the sheet teeth 2 include a sheet tooth E and a sheet tooth F, and a plurality of sheet teeth E And a plurality of sheet teeth F are arranged in a staggered manner;
  • the base body 1 is provided with a limiting groove 5 disposed along the inner edge of the ring of the base body 1; a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are radially stacked along the base body 1 to form a ring structure;
  • a groove body 4 is formed, that is, a groove body 4 is formed between the sheet teeth E and the sheet teeth F;
  • a lower end portion of the annular structure is provided with an anti-flying structure 17, and a limiting groove 5 of the base body 1 Engaging with the anti-flying structure 17 on the annular structure, the annular structure is clamped and fixed together by the base body 1 and the pressing plate 3;
  • an abrasive tool includes a base body 1 having a ring-shaped structure, and a plurality of sheet teeth 2, and the base body 1 is provided with a limiting groove disposed along the inner edge of the ring of the base body 1.
  • a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are arranged in a radial direction along the radial direction of the base body 1 to form an annular structure, the annular structure is glued by an adhesive; between the two adjacent sheet teeth 2 constitute a tank body 4; An anti-flying structure 17 is disposed on an end surface of the annular structure; the annular structure is clamped and fixed together by the base body 1 and the pressing plate 3; the limiting groove 5 of the base body 1 is engaged with the anti-flying structure 17 on the annular structure, and passes through the pressing plate 3 A plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are pressed; a plurality of the sheet teeth 2 are made of an abrasive layer.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an abrasive tool, comprising the following steps:
  • the main pressing surface of the sheet teeth is made into a non-grinding working surface, and the main pressing surface is the surface with the largest sheet tooth area;
  • the plurality of sheet teeth 2 are stacked and fixedly connected between the main pressing faces to form a ring structure.
  • step S4 is further included: the plurality of sheet teeth 2 are fixed to the base 1 by the pressing plate 3 and the bolt.

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Abstract

一种磨具及制作方法，包括多个薄片齿（2），多个薄片齿（2）依次拼叠构成环形结构，相邻两个薄片齿（2）固定连接；相邻两个薄片齿（2）之间构成槽体（4）。该磨具的槽体窄而量越多，冷却效果越好，排屑效果好；同时该磨具的制作方法加工工艺难度低，便于批量生产，有利于有机结合剂及无机结合剂磨具的高速高效加工。

Description

一种磨具及制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及磨具技术领域，特别涉及一种磨具及制作方法。
背景技术
金属结合剂金刚石砂轮，一般采用粉末冶金烧结工艺制造。
为了提高金刚石砂轮加工时的锋利度，需要提高金刚石砂轮在工作过程中的容屑、排屑、冷却能力，其有效的方式是采用带有槽体的齿型砂轮，利用断续(冲击)磨削功能来提高磨削效率，通常的做法是在金刚石的工作层上设置一些有利于排屑(容屑)、通水(容水)的槽体结构，一般采用通过模具预置的方式一次性成型来实现，制造出带有槽体的齿型金刚石砂轮。
粉末冶金工艺，需要通过模具进行热压烧结成型，因此，模具的热态强度要求高。槽体，通常采用石墨、铸铁、合金等材料制造的水口块预置在模具内，热压烧结后，拆(拔)掉水口块而成形。
一般金属或合金的水口块，需要不易变形及拆(拔)模时不易断裂。石墨水口块，易碎。为满足强度要求，需要水口块各个方向上，具有足够的实体截面积，尤其是主承压面上。这样，水口块体积必然较大而造成金刚石齿和齿之间的间隔较大(即槽体的宽度较大)，槽体的宽度大，对被加工材料的冷却有利，但对金刚石工作层的冷却作用是十分有限的，砂轮在断续磨削中，表现为冲击力大、跳动也大，从而增大了工件的表面粗糙度。
在砂轮几何尺寸被约束的情况下，槽体所占的体积越大、数量越多，则金刚石工作层的体积就越小。因此，在水口块的体积被强度等制造工艺条件限制而不能过小，而为保证金刚石工作层具有足够的体积量(即确保足够的 寿命)时，客观上也就限制了设置槽体的数量。限制了槽体的数量，进而也就限制了金刚石工作齿在周向没有空间做到更薄。如此，造成周向排屑路径长而粉屑积累量大、砂轮工作时的发热量也大，当快速或高速进给加工时，情况更甚！通常需要增大金刚石的粒径来改善容屑空间，缓解上述情况，但粒径增大又不利于工件表面粗糙度的降低。
槽体越宽而量越少，则砂轮工作层实体的外表面积(包括磨削面及非磨削面)越小，即被冷却水作用的面积越小，冷却效果越差。
金属结合剂金刚石砂轮一般是采用粉末冶金的工艺制造，在高温高压的制造过程中，金属粉体(结合剂)的流动性较差，如果模具结构过于复杂，压力传递就会受到影响，造成金刚石砂轮的密实度不均匀而产生性能偏差，因此，一些复杂的结构是采用粉末冶金工艺无法制造的。一些特殊结构，如薄、尖、长、细、网状等形状的齿，在热压条件下，模具材料的性能无法满足工艺要求，以至于无法通过预置模具的方式完成或无法经济性的制造。
现有技术工艺所制造的金刚石砂轮产品，能通过模具预置实现所设置的槽体数量较少且槽体所占的体积较大，金刚石齿的形状简单、粗大，作用十分有限。如果采用后加工方式，通常加工难度较大，造成成本增高。
随着技术的不断发展，高质高速高效加工已是必然，现有技术产品难以适应。
上述所述技术背景中所描述的情况，不仅在金属结合剂砂轮存在，在陶瓷结合剂、树脂结合剂、橡胶结合剂、有机结合剂的金刚石砂轮或普通磨料磨削砂轮或抛光砂轮，无论是有基体方式或无基体方式的，均有类同的问题。陶瓷结合剂砂轮，自身的耐热性很好，但高速、高效以及磨削接触面积较大的加工时，工件的冷却受到限制。而树脂结合剂以及橡胶结合剂砂轮(含抛光轮)耐热性差，在高速、高效加工时，需要提高磨削能力，这需要更好的把持磨料的能力，同时又需要更好的冷却，增大弹性和气孔率则不利于寿命 和刚性，各个因素之间，相互制约，因而限制了高速、高效加工的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种制作工艺可靠的、结构繁简可为的、功能实现易行的、制造成本低廉的、高效节能安全的磨具及制作方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种磨具，包括多个薄片齿，多个所述薄片齿依次拼叠构成环形结构，相邻两个所述薄片齿固定连接；相邻两个所述薄片齿之间构成槽体。
进一步，还包括呈环形结构的基体和压板，多个所述薄片齿构成的环形结构固定在基体上，所述压板呈环状结构，所述压板通过螺栓与所述基体连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿。
进一步，多个所述薄片齿包括多个薄片齿A和多个薄片齿B，多个所述薄片齿A与多个薄片齿B交错布置；或多个弹性薄片齿A和一个弹性薄片齿B交错布置；或多个弹性薄片齿A构成弹性薄片齿A组、多个弹性薄片齿B构成弹性薄片齿B组，弹性薄片齿A组与弹性薄片齿B组组间交错布置；薄片齿A和薄片齿B相邻组合时，薄片齿A的下部和薄片齿B的下部构成互锁结构。
进一步，所述弹性薄片齿A由第一结合剂和磨料制成，所述弹性薄片齿B由第二结合剂和磨料制成。
进一步，所述基体内设置有沿基体环内边缘布置的限位槽；多个所述薄片齿的下部均嵌入所述限位槽内，多个所述薄片齿的上部均为磨料层制成。
进一步，所述磨料层由金刚石制成。
进一步，所述压板靠近薄片齿的端面呈倾斜状，并与薄片齿的端面匹配贴近，所述压板靠近薄片齿的环形端面处设置有嵌在压板内的填充体。
进一步，多个所述槽体沿所述环形结构布置成环形，且每个所述槽体相 对偏离所述环形结构的径向布置。
进一步，每一个薄片齿远离基体环内的端部，该端部的一侧设置有与其连接的第一凸块。
进一步，每一个薄片齿靠近另一薄片齿的侧壁上均连接有多个第一凸纹。
进一步，每一个薄片齿的一侧壁上均连接有多个第二凸块。
进一步，多个所述薄片齿包括多个薄片齿C和多个薄片齿D，若干个薄片齿C连续拼叠构成第一磨料体，若干个薄片齿D连续拼叠构成第二磨料体，将多个第一磨料体和多个第二磨料体交错拼合成环形结构在基体上；所述薄片齿C靠近基体内的一端的宽度大于其另一端的宽度，所述薄片齿D靠近基体内的一端的宽度小于其另一端的宽度。
进一步，所述环状结构的端面紧贴在所述基体的边缘；所述压板呈环状置于所述基体的上端；
所述薄片齿靠近基体环内一端的侧壁上设置有啮合位，相邻两个薄片齿通过啮合位相互啮合，所述压板的下端面由压板的环内至环外倾斜向下，对多个所述薄片齿进行限位；每一个所述薄片齿远离所述基体环内的一端均设置有磨削结构。
进一步，所述薄片齿上磨削结构轴向各点的弧长与该点处的加工量成正向关系。
进一步，每一个薄片齿的上端部沿环形结构的径向均设置有多个沟槽，多个所述沟槽与多个槽体构成网状结构，形成网面磨削面。
进一步，相邻两个所述薄片齿通过胶合和/或紧固件固定连接。
进一步，薄片齿的结合剂为有机结合剂、无机结合剂或复合结合剂。
进一步，所述磨具为薄片齿拼合式金刚石砂轮。
一种磨具的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.根据设定结构制作薄片齿，使得薄片齿的径向平均长度与周向平均宽度之比，大于2.5倍；
S2.将薄片齿的主压制面制作为非磨削工作面，且主压制面为薄片齿面积最大的面；
S3.多个薄片齿在主压制面之间实施拼叠固定连接构成环状结构。
进一步，还包括步骤S4：通过压板和螺栓将多个薄片齿固结到基体上。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、在不影响磨料工作层实体体积条件下，槽体窄而量越多，则砂轮工作层实体的外表面积(包括磨削面及非磨削面)越大，被冷却水作用的面积越大，冷却效果越好。
2、槽体数量越多，磨料齿的周向宽度越窄，则粉屑排出路径短，粉屑积累量小而对磨料体的结合剂磨擦量小，表现为磨削热较低，有利于高速高效加工，有利于拓展不耐高温配方的应用。
3、槽体数量多，粉屑排出路径短，粉屑积累量小，粉屑的磨擦阻力小，需要的容屑空间小，对于磨料出露高度要求低，这一特性还有利于采用相对更细的磨料而获得高质量加工，这一特性亦有利于采用相对更快的走速或更大的吃刀量而获得高效加工。
4、通过对薄片齿的结构加工，容易实现磨料层在使用中，磨削面局部磨耗快而形成周向拉槽，而拉槽在磨削面上构成新的槽体，与拼叠而成的槽体在磨削面上构成网状槽体，形成网面磨削面，使粉屑径向排出路径缩短，提高了磨削时磨削面的压强，进而提高了砂轮的锋利度和寿命。
5、有利于干磨加工。
6、制造工艺的特点，容易实现磨料层的类似有序排列结构，提高砂轮的锋利度和寿命，更适合粗磨加工。
7、呈现双环或多环的结构功能，发挥或超越现有技术的技术效果。
8、能将难以整体加工的薄片齿形砂轮，通过分解为薄片单齿并拼叠固结而方便实现。
9、通过在压制面上设置多个至密集的凸台，使得相邻两个薄片齿之间相互支撑，方便实现薄片齿的周向变薄时增强薄片齿抗受力断裂、位移及振动的强度，保障整个砂轮的工作面所需要的刚性。
10、通过在压制面上设置多个凸台与对应的限位槽啮合互锁，形成结构性防飞结构。
11、薄片齿的周向弧长短，薄片齿适配拼叠多种直径同环宽和同环高的结构，无须根据直径一一制作相应模具来生产，大大降低了投料难度以及模具的加工难度，有利于实施自动化大批量生产。
12、方便实现在磨削区域密集的内冷供水冷却模式。
13、方便实现工作层齿和齿间冷却水的滞留，提高冷却效果。
14、薄片齿之间的冷却水贯通为一体，并与冷却水源相通，是砂轮气孔或人为造孔难以达到的容量、冷却及容屑效果。
15、利用上述原理，亦可应用于磨盘、磨块等非环形磨具上。
16、利用上述原理，亦可应用于其他无机结合剂及有机结合剂的砂轮或磨盘、磨块等磨具上，无机结合剂如金属结合剂、陶瓷结合剂、菱苦土结合剂，有机结合剂，如树脂结合剂、橡胶结合剂。
17、利用上述原理，提供了较好的容屑和冷却功能，将原磨具本体需要的功能，转移到了结构功能上，因而，对于有机结合剂的弹性磨具而言，在满足自锐性的条件下，可以适度降低磨具的气孔率和弹性，增强把持磨料的能力，利于提高磨具的寿命提高，拓展了高速、高效加工的应用。
18、利用上述原理，产品加工同比负载降低，可以有效降低功耗，节能环保，降低成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种磨具关于实施例1的主视图；
图2为本发明一种磨具关于实施例1的剖视图；
图3为本发明一种磨具关于实施例1中多个薄片齿下部布置的俯视图；
图4为本发明一种磨具关于实施例1中薄片齿A的俯视图；
图5为本发明一种磨具关于实施例1中薄片齿B的俯视图；
图6为本发明一种磨具关于实施例1中部分薄片齿的结构示意图；
图7为本发明一种磨具关于实施例1中薄片齿的主视图；
图8为本发明一种磨具关于实施例2的主视图；
图9为本发明一种磨具关于实施例2中部分薄片齿的结构示意图；
图10为本发明一种磨具关于实施例2改进的示意图；
图11为本发明一种磨具关于实施例3的主视图；
图12为本发明一种磨具关于实施例3中部分薄片齿的结构示意图；
图13为本发明一种磨具关于实施例3中薄片齿的主视图；
图14为本发明一种磨具关于实施例3改进的示意图；
图15为本发明一种磨具关于实施例4的主视图；
图16为本发明一种磨具关于实施例4中部分薄片齿的结构示意图；
图17为本发明一种磨具关于实施例4中薄片齿的主视图；
图18为本发明一种磨具关于实施例5的主视图；
图19为本发明一种磨具关于实施例5中部分第一磨料体和第二磨料体的主视图；
图20为本发明一种磨具关于实施例5中部分第一磨料体和第二磨料体的俯视图；
图21为本发明一种磨具关于实施例6的结构示意图；
图22为本发明一种磨具关于实施例6的剖视图；
图23为本发明一种磨具关于实施例6中部分薄片齿的结构示意图；
图24为本发明一种磨具关于实施例6中薄片齿的主视图；
图25为本发明一种磨具关于实施例7中的结构示意图；
图26为本发明一种磨具关于实施例7中的剖视图；
图27为本发明一种磨具关于实施例7中薄片齿的主视图；
图28为本发明一种磨具关于实施例8的主视图；
图29为本发明一种磨具关于实施例8的剖视图；
图30为本发明一种磨具关于实施例8中环形结构的一结构示意图；
图31为本发明一种磨具关于实施例8中环形结构的俯视图；
图32为本发明一种磨具关于实施例8中环形结构的二结构示意图；
图33为本发明一种磨具关于实施例8中薄片齿的结构示意图；
图34为本发明一种磨具关于实施例9中的主视图；
图35为本发明一种磨具关于实施例9中的剖视图；
图36为本发明一种磨具关于实施例9中的结构示意图；
图37为本发明一种磨具关于实施例10中的主视图；
图38为本发明一种磨具关于实施例10中的结构示意图；
图39为本发明一种磨具关于实施例10中环形结构的结构示意图。
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：
1、基体，2、薄片齿，薄片齿A，薄片齿B，薄片齿C，薄片齿D，薄片齿E，薄片齿F，3、压板，4、槽体，5、限位槽，6、填充体，7、第一凸块，8、第一凸纹，9、沟槽，10、第二凸块，11、第一磨料体，12、第二磨料体，13、啮合位，14、磨削结构，15、凹纹结构，16、安装底板、17、防飞结构，18、第三凸块，19第四凸块。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本 发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
磨具是用以磨削、研磨和抛光的工具，包含金刚石砂轮、普通磨料磨削砂轮和抛光砂轮，磨具还可以为磨块、磨盘等多种形式；薄片齿拼合式金刚石砂轮的技术方案也同样可以应用于金刚石砂轮、普通磨料磨削砂轮和抛光砂轮。
实施例1：
如图1至图7所示，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1、多个薄片齿2和压板3，所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向拼叠构成环形结构在基体1上，多个所述薄片齿2的下部均嵌入所述限位槽5内；相邻两个所述薄片齿2的上部之间构成槽体4；所述压板3呈环状结构，所述压板3通过螺栓与所述基体1连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2的上部均由磨料层制成，所述磨料层由金刚石制成。
多个单个薄齿片2拼叠固结成磨料体，所述磨料体呈环形结构。
槽体4为流通冷却水的水槽、容屑槽、或排屑槽或气流槽等功能槽；其中槽体4为径向型、轴向型、倾角型、周向型、网格型或复合型。
薄齿片2的各个面可以是平面或曲面，还可以是带有凸纹或凹纹，凸纹或凹纹两者结合的复合面；还可以是带有穿孔的面。
各个实施例，薄片齿面2设置的凹纹和凸纹有点式、块式、线式、条式或网格式，也有点式、块式、线式、条式和网格式的复合式。各个实施例的槽体4由两个相邻的薄齿片2上的平纹、凹纹、凸纹或凹凸复合纹构成。
本实施例的砂轮尺寸：砂轮直径为152毫米，砂轮内径为118毫米，砂轮的环宽为17毫米，砂轮高度为20毫米。薄片齿2的高度为14毫米，其中薄片齿2上部的高度为8毫米，薄片齿2下部的高度6毫米。
多个所述薄片齿2具体为180齿，槽体4的宽度0.5毫米，薄片齿2的 平均齿宽为：((152π-180*0.5)/180+(118π-180*0.5)/180)/2＝1.856毫米。
砂轮的端面面积为：7210平方毫米，槽体4的面积为：1530平方毫米，槽体4的端面占比为：21.2％。
所述薄片齿2采用粉末冶金工艺制作，投料方向面和主压制面相同为最大面积的面，由于薄片齿2的平均厚度只有1.856毫米，故采用简单的单向压制即可，而现有模具预置整体制作技术，则需要双向压制，模具高度大幅度缩小，投料简单易行。
如图2至图7所示，所述薄片齿2的形状易于装配和固结，将薄片齿2拼叠，并固结构成环形结构在基体1上；多个所述薄片齿2之间拼叠之后，相邻两个薄片齿2上部之间构成槽体4，槽体4的宽度为0.5毫米；
多个所述薄片齿2包括多个薄片齿A和多个薄片齿B，多个所述薄片齿A与多个薄片齿B交错布置；或多个弹性薄片齿A和一个弹性薄片齿B交错布置；或多个弹性薄片齿A构成弹性薄片齿A组、多个弹性薄片齿B构成弹性薄片齿B组，弹性薄片齿A组与弹性薄片齿B组组间交错布置；薄片齿A和薄片齿B相邻组合时，薄片齿A的下部和薄片齿B的下部构成互锁结构。
所述弹性薄片齿A由第一结合剂和磨料制成，所述弹性薄片齿B由第二结合剂和磨料制成。第一结合剂和磨料制成的弹性薄片齿A硬度高寿命长，第二结合剂和磨料制成的弹性大易变形，综合效果，可以满足大压力加工时的冷却要求，同时抛光装置具有更好的寿命。
所述压板3靠近薄片齿2的端面呈倾斜状，并与薄片齿2的端面匹配贴近，所述压板3靠近薄片齿2的环形端面处设置有嵌在压板3内的填充体6，所述填充体6具有塑性变形能力，填充体6由铝合金、铜合金等材料制成；压板3通过螺栓或胶水固结在基体1上，砂轮经整形开刃等后加工，形成成品。
对比现有技术方案：
现有技术方案一、现有模具预置整体制作技术的较好水平，槽体4平均宽度在具有经济性条件下，可控制在1.5毫米左右，齿数64齿，则平均齿宽为：((152π-64*1.5)/64+(118π-64*1.5)/64)/2＝5.127毫米；砂轮端面的面积为：7210平方毫米，槽体4面积为：1632平方毫米，槽体4的端面占比为：22.6％。
现有技术方案二、现有技术若提高齿数到120齿，则平均齿宽为：((152π-120*1.5)/120+(118π-120*1.5)/120)/2＝2.034毫米；砂轮端面的面积为：7210平方毫米，槽体4的面积为：1632平方毫米，槽体4的端面占比为：42.4％。显然，现有技术方案二，由于槽体4宽度的制造难度限制，仅提高齿数，槽体4的占比量增大，侵占磨料层的实体空间，将会直接影响到工具寿命。
对比说明：
现有技术方案一的齿宽与本实施例的齿宽之比：5.127/1.856＝2.76倍，即现有技术方案一的粉屑排出路径等于本实施例的粉屑排出路径的2.76倍。本实施例的齿数与现有技术方案一的齿数之比：180/64＝2.81倍，即本实施例的齿周向受冷面面积等于现有技术方案一的齿周向受冷面面积的2.81倍。
本实施例的产品制作工艺化艰难为简易，实现了排屑快、冷却好、制造易，性能大幅度提升。如图8所示，本发明产品的薄片齿2面上未设置局部支撑结构，故更适应磨削量较小，对薄片齿2强度要求不高的砂轮。
实施例2：
如图8至图10所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1、多个薄片齿2和压板3，所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向拼叠构成环形结构在基体1上，多个所述薄片齿2的下部均嵌入所述限位槽5内；相邻两个所述薄 片齿2的上部之间构成槽体4；所述压板3呈环状结构，所述压板3通过螺栓与所述基体1连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2的上部均由磨料层制成；所述磨料层由金刚石制成。
每一个薄片齿2远离基体1环内的端部，该端部的一侧设置有与其连接的第一凸块7。
本实施例的砂轮尺寸：砂轮直径为152毫米，砂轮内径为118毫米，砂轮的环宽为17毫米，砂轮的高度为20毫米；第一凸块7的径向宽度2毫米，第一凸块7的凸起高度0.5毫米，第一凸块7对相邻两个薄片齿2起局部支撑功能；薄片齿2的齿数180齿，槽体4的宽度为0.5毫米。
所述薄片齿2采用粉末冶金工艺制作，投料方向面和主压制面相同为最大面积的面，采用简单的单向压制；所述薄片齿2的形状易于装配和固结，将薄片齿2拼叠，并固结构成环形结构在基体1上；多个所述薄片齿2之间拼叠之后，固结到基体1上，经整形开刃等后加工，形成工具成品。
对比说明：
本发明实施例的技术方案，相比于实施例1的技术方案，其第一凸块7对相邻两个薄片齿2构成局部支撑结构，而等效于连续齿结构，消除了由于断续磨削所带来的跳动及冲击，该局部支撑结构处于多个所述薄片齿2构成环形结构的外径处；进行加工时，首先接触工件的是本实施例砂轮的靠外径的部分，因此大大增强了薄片齿2在外径处的抗冲击强度，有利于进行粗磨、强力加工。
本发明实施例的技术方案，多个薄片齿2拼叠时形成槽体4，构成内齿结构，冷却水更易滞留在槽体4内，达到更好的冷却效果。
实施例3：
如图11至14所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1、多个薄片齿2和压板3，所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置 的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向拼叠构成环形结构在基体1上，多个所述薄片齿2的下部均嵌入所述限位槽5内；相邻两个所述薄片齿2的上部之间构成槽体4；所述压板3呈环状结构，所述压板3通过螺栓与所述基体1连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2的上部均由磨料层制成；所述磨料层由金刚石制成；每一个薄片齿2靠近另一薄片齿2的侧壁上均连接有多个第一凸纹8；
本实施例的砂轮尺寸：砂轮直径为152毫米，砂轮内径为118毫米，砂轮的环宽为17毫米，砂轮的高度为20毫米；第一凸纹8为竖直三角纹，三角纹的凸起高度为0.6毫米，每一个薄片齿2的三角纹凸起顶点构成的平面与相邻薄片齿2周向平面的距离为0.3毫米；薄片齿2的齿数180齿，槽体4的最窄处为0.3毫米。
每一个薄片齿2的上端部均设置有多个沟槽9，每个所述沟槽9贯通所述薄片齿2的两个端面，多个所述薄片齿2上的沟槽沿不同圆周半径排布并构成多个圆形通槽，多个所述圆形通槽与多个槽体4交叉构成网状结构，形成网面磨削面。
多个薄片齿2拼叠固结构成的环形结构，沿径向方向各点的圆周上，其含有的薄片齿2上部的磨料层累积圆周总长度是不均且呈波动性变化的，磨料层累积圆周总长度越短，则此处越易先磨耗，每一个薄片齿2沿环形结构径向各点的圆周上构成薄片齿2上端因磨耗快而形成的沟槽9，该沟槽9既能排水又能使粉屑在径向方向的排出路径缩短；沟槽9与其相邻的槽体4构成网状结构，形成网面磨削面，提升冷却排屑效果，沟槽9一旦形成，则始终存在，直到磨料层消耗完。多个沟槽9为同径，构成环形结构；多个沟槽9为不同径，多个沟槽9分段分布在部分环上，会起到轴向微量频振式磨削作用。
对比说明：
与现有技术相比较，通过磨耗出现沟槽9而构成的网状结构，形成的网面磨削面，规避了现有技术通过模具整体成型制造周向槽体所带来的对于薄片类齿强度的影响，保持了薄片齿2的强度，极大的提高了砂轮的散热能力，使砂轮更适合高速加工。该结构，对于无冷却水进行磨削加工工具的开发，具有重大的意义，其结构原理，亦适合各种磨料磨盘上磨块的应用。
实施例4：
如图15至17所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1、多个薄片齿2和压板3，所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向拼叠构成环形结构在基体1上，多个所述薄片齿2的下部均嵌入所述限位槽5内；相邻两个所述薄片齿2的上部之间构成槽体4；所述压板3呈环状结构，所述压板3通过螺栓与所述基体1连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2的上部均由磨料层制成；所述磨料层由金刚石制成；每一个薄片齿2的一侧壁上均连接有多个第二凸块10，多个第二凸块10呈圆形或半圆形。
本实施例的砂轮尺寸：砂轮直径为152毫米，砂轮内径为118毫米，砂轮的环宽为17毫米，砂轮的高度为20毫米；第二凸块10的凸起高度为0.4毫米，直径1毫米，薄片齿2的多个第二凸块10的凸起高度顶点接触相邻薄片齿2，相邻两个薄片齿2通过多个第二凸块10相互支撑；
薄片齿2的齿数为240齿，槽体4的最宽处为0.4毫米，则平均齿宽为：((152π-240*0.4)/240+(118π-240*0.4)/240)/2＝1.367毫米。
砂轮端面的面积为：7210平方毫米，槽体4的面积约：1632平方毫米，槽体4的砂轮端面占比为：22.6％。
对比前述技术产品：
现有技术方案一，现有模具预置整体制作技术的较好水平，槽体4平均宽度在具有经济性条件下，可控制在1.5毫米左右，齿数64齿，则平均齿 宽为：((152π-64*1.5)/64+(118π-64*1.5)/64)/2＝5.127毫米；砂轮端面面积为：7210平方毫米，槽体4面积约：1632平方毫米，槽体4的端面占比为：22.6％。
现有技术方案一的齿宽与本实施例的齿宽之比：5.127/1.367＝3.75倍，即现有技术方案一的粉屑排出路径等于本实施例的粉屑排出路径的3.75倍，粉屑排出路径即为槽体4；本实施例的齿数与现有技术方案一的齿数之比：240/64＝3.75倍，即本实施例的齿周向受冷面面积等于现有技术方案一的齿周向受冷面面积的3.75倍。
本实施例的薄片齿2的平均薄度为1.367毫米，薄片齿2采用第二凸块10与相邻薄片齿2的平面相接触，实现相互支撑，使得砂轮刚性得到大幅度的改善；本实施例可以采用多种凸块或凹槽，或二者复合结构。
本实施例技术方案的粉屑排除路径相对于实施例1，计算可知，缩小了26.4％；本实施例技术方案的周向受冷面面积相对于实施例1，计算可知，提高了33.3％；砂轮直径为152毫米，薄片齿2为240齿，槽体4的宽度为0.4毫米，对于现有的整体制作技术而言，是难以完成的。由于上述的优势，本实施例，大大拓展了细颗粒磨料砂轮应用空间和应用领域。
实施例5：
如图18至图20所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1、多个薄片齿2和压板3，所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向拼叠构成环形结构在基体1上，多个所述薄片齿2的下部均嵌入所述限位槽5内；相邻两个所述薄片齿2的上部之间构成槽体4；所述压板3呈环状结构，所述压板3通过螺栓与所述基体1连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2的上部均由磨料层制成；所述磨料层由金刚石制成。
多个所述薄片齿2包括多个薄片齿C和多个薄片齿D，若干个薄片齿C 连续拼叠构成第一磨料体11，若干个薄片齿D连续拼叠构成第二磨料体12，将多个第一磨料体11和多个第二磨料体12交错拼合成环形结构在基体1上；所述薄片齿C靠近基体1内的一端的宽度大于其另一端的宽度，所述薄片齿D靠近基体1内的一端的宽度小于其另一端的宽度。
本实施例的砂轮尺寸：砂轮直径为152毫米，砂轮内径为118毫米，砂轮的环宽为17毫米，砂轮的高度为20毫米。
薄片齿2的齿数为180齿，槽体4最宽处1毫米,最窄处0.5毫米；将5个薄片齿C连续拼叠构成第一磨料体11，将5个薄片齿D连续拼叠构成第二磨料体12，将18个第一磨料体11与18个第二磨料体12交错拼合成环形结构在基体1上。
对比前述技术产品：
本申请技术方案由若干个薄片齿C连续拼叠构成第一磨料体11，若干个薄片齿D连续拼叠构成第二磨料体12，将多个第一磨料体11和多个第二磨料体12交错拼合成环形结构在基体1上，构成一个复合磨环，实现显性或隐性的双环或多环的结构。
第一磨料体11和第二磨料体12的磨削面上形状的不同，所构成的复合磨环的各个段的内环部分和外环部分的面积不同，各个第一磨料体11或第二磨料体12工作时的压强不同、磨耗的不同，使得复合磨环的磨削面上出现显性的形状高低差；若同时在薄片齿C和薄片齿D采用不同的结合剂，那么，复合磨环的各个段内环部分和外环部分，还由于性能的不同，将造成磨削时的受力不同，复合磨环的磨削面将出现隐性的受力强弱差；高低差和强弱差均形成径向与轴向的频率振动磨削，呈现双环或多环的结构功能，发挥或超越现有技术的技术效果。
实施例6：
如图21至24所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基 体1、多个薄片齿2和压板3，多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1拼叠构成环状结构在所述基体1上，且所述环状结构的磨料端面紧贴在所述基体1的边缘；相邻两个所述薄片齿2之间的中部构成槽体4；所述薄片齿2上磨削结构14轴向各点的弧长与该点处的加工量成正向关系，该点处的加工量越大，该点处的磨耗量也越大，越容易磨耗失形，则将该点的周向弧长设置的相对更长，当该点处的加工量越小时，则将该点的周向弧长设置的相对更短，从而实现相对均衡的磨耗，达到提高抗失形的能力；所述压板3呈环状置于所述基体1的上端，所述压板3通过螺栓与所述基体1连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2。
本实施例的砂轮尺寸：砂轮的直径为150毫米，砂轮的环状结构的环宽为10毫米，砂轮开口12毫米，适合加工工件10毫米，砂轮的高度为23毫米。
砂轮与工件接触时，槽体4的最窄处为0.2毫米。
砂轮的齿数为276齿，则平均齿周向工作宽为：((150π-276*0.2)/276+(130π-276*0.2)/276)/2＝1.394毫米。
所述薄片齿2采用粉末冶金工艺制作，投料方向面和主压制面相同为最大面积的面，所述薄片齿2的平均厚度只有1.394毫米，故采用简单的单向压制即可，而现有模具预置整体制作技术，则需要双向压制，模具高度大幅度缩小，投料简单易行。所述薄片齿2形状易于装配和固结，多个所述薄片齿2之间拼叠之后，相邻两个所述薄片齿2之间的中部构成槽体4，工件接触时，槽体4最窄处0.2毫米；所述薄片齿2靠近基体1环内一端的侧壁上设置有啮合位13，相邻两个薄片齿2通过啮合位13相互啮合，所述压板3的下端面由压板3的环内至环外倾斜向下，对多个所述薄片齿2进行限位，防止多个所述薄片齿2磨削过程中飞出；辅助以填充体6，利用辅助件、粘接剂等，将多个所述薄片齿2固结在基体1上，经整形开刃等后加工，形成 工具成品。
每一个所述薄片齿2远离所述基体1环内的一端均设置有磨削结构14，在对应于需要磨削工件为凹面时，每一个所述薄片齿2靠近另一薄片齿2的端面上为凸纹结构，在对应于需要磨削工件为凸面时，每一个所述薄片齿2靠近另一薄片齿2的端面上为凹纹结构15，磨削结构14可以是凹纹、凸纹或凹凸复合纹。
对比现有技术产品：
本实施例技术方案制作工艺化艰难为简易，实现了整体预置难以制造的薄片齿2，实现了大幅度缩短粉屑排出路径的窄齿结构，实现了快速制冷的槽体4，方便实现在磨削区域密集的内冷供水冷却模式，砂轮产品性能大幅度提高。
实施例7：如图25至27所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，还包括呈环形结构的基体1和压板3，多个所述薄片齿2构成的环形结构固定在基体1上，所述压板3呈环状结构，所述压板3通过螺栓与所述基体1连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2；
多个所述槽体4沿所述环形结构布置成环形，且每个所述槽体4相对偏离所述环形结构的径向布置。
实施例8：
如图28至33所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1、多个薄片齿2，所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向拼叠构成环形结构在基体1上，多个所述薄片齿2的下部均嵌入所述限位槽5内，并通过胶水粘结在基体1上；相邻两个所述薄片齿2的上部之间构成槽体4；使用时，通过压板压在安装底板16上，通过螺栓与电机轴上的法兰盘连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2的上部均为磨料层制成。
所述磨料层由有机结合剂、无机结合剂或复合结合剂与磨料制成，磨料层内设置有不同量值的孔隙率；磨料层也是工作层，无机结合剂为金属、陶瓷或菱苦土；有机结合剂为树脂或橡胶；复合结合剂为陶瓷树脂。
每一个薄片齿2远离环形结构的端部，该端部的一侧设置有与其连接的第三凸块18；每一个薄片齿2的一侧壁上均连接有多个第四凸块19，多个第四凸块19呈圆形或半圆形；相邻两个薄片齿2通过多个第四凸块19相互压紧实现相互支撑。
本实施例可以采用多种凸块或凹槽，或二者复合结构，形成相互支撑或防飞结构17。
所述薄片齿2采用有机结合剂制作，投料方向面和主压制面相同为最大面积的面，采用简单的单向压制；所述薄片齿2的形状易于装配和固结，将多个薄片齿2拼叠，并固结构成环形结构在基体1上；经整形等后加工，形成工具成品。
相邻两个所述薄片齿2通过辅助以粘接剂胶合联结。
对比说明：
本发明实施例的技术方案，多个薄片齿2拼叠时形成槽体4，构成内齿结构，冷却水更易滞留在槽体4内，达到更好的冷却效果。
本发明实施例的技术方案，通过多个第四凸块19相互压紧支撑；使得有机结合剂抛光轮刚性得到满足，解决了现有技术开槽开孔后抛光轮刚性差易变形的问题。
本发明实施例的技术方案，通过第四凸块19的结构形状、数量、大小，亦可在一定程度上调节产品的整体弹性。
本发明实施例的技术方案，通过结构功能，产品整体耐热性提高，可置换出部分原需要置于结合剂内部的孔结构，孔隙率下降，把持磨料的能力提升，高速、高效加工能力大幅提高。
实施例9：
如图34至36所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1和多个薄片齿2，薄片齿2包括薄片齿E和薄片齿F，多个薄片齿E和多个薄片齿F交错布置；所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向拼叠构成环形结构；相邻两个所述薄片齿2之间构成槽体4，也就是薄片齿E和薄片齿F之间构成槽体4；环形结构的下端部设置有防飞结构17，基体1的限位槽5与环形结构上的防飞结构17相啮合，通过基体1与压板3将环形结构夹持固结在一起；通过压板3压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2的为磨料层制成；所述薄片齿E为平面状薄片齿，所述薄片齿F为波浪型薄片齿,薄片齿E与薄片齿F在轴向方向各点的周向厚度相等，即薄片齿E与薄片齿F在轴向各点的圆周总累积弧长相等，使砂轮磨削面在做开槽加工时，具有较好的抗变形能力。
实施例10：
图37至39所示，在本实施方案中，一种磨具，包括呈环形结构的基体1、多个薄片齿2，所述基体1内设置有沿基体1环内边缘布置的限位槽5；多个所述薄片齿2沿所述基体1径向倾斜拼叠构成环形结构，所述环形结构通过粘接剂胶合；相邻两个所述薄片齿2的之间构成槽体4；环形结构的端面上设置有防飞结构17；通过基体1与压板3将环形结构夹持固结在一起；基体1的限位槽5与环形结构上的防飞结构17相啮合，通过压板3压住多个所述薄片齿2；多个所述薄片齿2均为磨料层制成。
本发明还涉及了一种磨具的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.根据设定结构制作薄片齿2，使得薄片齿2的径向平均长度与周向平均宽度之比，大于2.5倍；
S2.将薄片齿的主压制面制作为非磨削工作面，且主压制面为薄片齿面积最大的面；
S3.多个薄片齿2在主压制面之间实施拼叠固定连接构成环状结构。
上述实施例中，还包括步骤S4：通过压板3和螺栓将多个薄片齿2固结到基体1上。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种磨具，其特征在于：包括多个薄片齿(2)，多个所述薄片齿(2)依次拼叠构成环形结构，相邻两个所述薄片齿(2)固定连接；相邻两个所述薄片齿(2)之间构成槽体(4)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种磨具，其特征在于：还包括呈环形结构的基体(1)和压板(3)，多个所述薄片齿(2)构成的环形结构固定在基体(1)上，所述压板(3)呈环状结构，所述压板(3)通过螺栓与所述基体(1)连接，并压住多个所述薄片齿(2)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述一种磨具，其特征在于：多个所述薄片齿(2)包括多个薄片齿A和多个薄片齿B，多个所述薄片齿A与多个薄片齿B交错布置；或多个弹性薄片齿A和一个弹性薄片齿B交错布置；或多个弹性薄片齿A构成弹性薄片齿A组、多个弹性薄片齿B构成弹性薄片齿B组，弹性薄片齿A组与弹性薄片齿B组组间交错布置；薄片齿A和薄片齿B相邻组合时，薄片齿A的下部和薄片齿B的下部构成互锁结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述一种磨具，其特征在于：所述弹性薄片齿A由第一结合剂和磨料制成，所述弹性薄片齿B由第二结合剂和磨料制成。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述一种磨具，其特征在于：所述基体(1)内设置有沿基体(1)环内边缘布置的限位槽(5)；多个所述薄片齿(2)的下部均嵌入所述限位槽(5)内，多个所述薄片齿(2)的上部均由磨料层制成。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述一种磨具，其特征在于：所述磨料层由金刚石制成。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述一种磨具，其特征在于：所述压板(3)靠近薄片齿(2)的端面呈倾斜状，并与薄片齿(2)的端面匹配贴近，所述压板(3)靠近薄片齿(2)的环形端面处设置有嵌在压板(3)内的填充体(6)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述一种磨具，其特征在于：多个所述槽体(4)沿所述环形结构布置成环形，且每个所述槽体(4)相对偏离所述环形结构的径向布置。
  9. 根据权利要求2至7任一项所述一种磨具，其特征在于：每一个薄片齿(2)远离基体(1)环内的端部，该端部的一侧设置有与其连接的第一凸块(7)。
  10. 根据权利要求2至7任一项所述一种磨具，其特征在于：每一个薄片齿(2)靠近另一薄片齿(2)的侧壁上均连接有多个第一凸纹(8)。
  11. 根据权利要求2至7任一项所述一种磨具，其特征在于：每一个薄片齿(2)的一侧壁上均连接有多个第二凸块(10)。
  12. 根据权利要求2、5、6或7任一项所述一种磨具，其特征在于：多个所述薄片齿(2)包括多个薄片齿C和多个薄片齿D，若干个薄片齿C连续拼叠构成第一磨料体(11)，若干个薄片齿D连续拼叠构成第二磨料体(12)，将多个第一磨料体(11)和多个第二磨料体(12)交错拼合成环形结构在基体(1)上；所述薄片齿C靠近基体(1)内的一端的宽度大于其另一端的宽度，所述薄片齿D靠近基体(1)内的一端的宽度小于其另一端的宽度。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述一种磨具，其特征在于：所述环状结构的端面紧贴在所述基体(1)的边缘；所述压板(3)呈环状置于所述基体(1)的上端；
    所述薄片齿(2)靠近基体(1)环内一端的侧壁上设置有啮合位(13)，相邻两个薄片齿(2)通过啮合位(13)相互啮合，所述压板(3)的下端面由压板(3)的环内至环外倾斜向下，对多个所述薄片齿(2)进行限位；每一个所述薄片齿(2)远离所述基体(1)环内的一端均设置有磨削结构(14)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述一种磨具，其特征在于：所述薄片齿(2)上磨削结构(14)轴向各点的弧长与该点处的加工量成正向关系。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述一种磨具，其特征在于：每一个薄片齿(2)的上端部沿环形结构的径向均设置有多个沟槽(9)，多个所述沟槽(9)与多个槽体(4)构成网状结构，形成网面磨削面。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述一种磨具，其特征在于：相邻两个所述薄片齿(2)通过胶合和/或紧固件固定连接。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述一种磨具，其特征在于：多个所述薄片齿(2)的结合剂为有机结合剂、无机结合剂或复合结合剂。
  18. 根据权利要求1至7、13至17任一项所述一种磨具，其特征在于：所述磨具为薄片齿拼合式金刚石砂轮。
  19. 一种磨具的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1.根据设定结构制作薄片齿(2)，使得薄片齿(2)的径向平均长度与周向平均宽度之比，大于2.5倍；
    S2.将薄片齿的主压制面制作为非磨削工作面，且主压制面为薄片齿面积最大的面；
    S3.多个薄片齿(2)在主压制面之间实施拼叠固定连接构成环状结构。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述一种磨具的制作方法，其特征在于，还包括步骤S4：通过压板(3)和螺栓将多个薄片齿(2)固结到基体(1)上。
PCT/CN2019/077870 2018-03-12 2019-03-12 一种磨具及制作方法 Ceased WO2019174580A1 (zh)

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