WO2019179136A1 - 显示装置及显示方法 - Google Patents

显示装置及显示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019179136A1
WO2019179136A1 PCT/CN2018/115573 CN2018115573W WO2019179136A1 WO 2019179136 A1 WO2019179136 A1 WO 2019179136A1 CN 2018115573 W CN2018115573 W CN 2018115573W WO 2019179136 A1 WO2019179136 A1 WO 2019179136A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
optical waveguide
waveguide layer
coupling grating
display device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/115573
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王维
陈小川
孟宪东
谭纪风
梁蓬霞
孟宪芹
高健
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by BOE Technology Group Co Ltd filed Critical BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Priority to EP18910560.4A priority Critical patent/EP3770669B1/en
Priority to US16/633,343 priority patent/US11016241B2/en
Publication of WO2019179136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019179136A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/002—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0075—Arrangements of multiple light guides
    • G02B6/0078—Side-by-side arrangements, e.g. for large area displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G02B2027/0134—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems of stereoscopic type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/10—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images using integral imaging methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
    • H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H10H20/80—Constructional details
    • H10H20/85—Packages
    • H10H20/855—Optical field-shaping means, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W90/00—Package configurations

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a display device and a display method.
  • the focal position of the single eye and the convergence distance of the binocular line of sight are consistent, and are all on the observed object.
  • the corresponding light direction information such as the corresponding light direction required for the single eye focus is not provided, and the focus position of the single eye is always at On the screen, because the parallax will converge to the displayed virtual object at a certain distance, the focus position of the monocular and the convergence distance of the binocular line of sight are different, which will cause the viewer to be dizzy and uncomfortable.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device, including:
  • An optical waveguide layer having a light incident region and a light exit region
  • An optical element for emitting at least two kinds of light having different image information wherein the optical element is correspondingly disposed in the light incident region, and the at least two kinds of light can be propagated to the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer;
  • a first coupling grating disposed on a propagation path of the at least two kinds of light rays on the optical waveguide layer for redirecting the at least two kinds of light rays incident into the optical waveguide layer such that the at least Two types of light rays propagating in the direction of the light exiting region in the optical waveguide layer;
  • a second coupling grating disposed in the optical waveguide layer and corresponding to the light exiting area for emitting light from the light emitting area and concentrating light formed by the light having the same image information in the at least two kinds of light
  • Light rays formed by light rays having different image information among the at least two kinds of rays are emitted from the light exiting area and concentrated at different viewpoints to form at least two preset viewpoints, the at least two pre-views Set the viewpoint to be within the visible range of the same pupil.
  • the first coupling grating redirects the at least two rays incident into the optical waveguide layer such that the at least two rays are all in the optical waveguide layer
  • the manner of reflection propagates in the direction in which the light exits the area
  • the second coupling grating emits total reflected rays formed by the light having the same image information in the at least two kinds of rays from the light exiting region and converges at the same viewpoint, and has different images among the at least two kinds of rays.
  • the totally reflected light rays formed by the light of the information emerge from the light exiting area and converge at different viewpoints.
  • the first coupling grating includes at least two first regions, the at least two first regions are in one-to-one correspondence with the at least two light rays, and the at least two first regions The number is the same as the number of the at least two rays;
  • Each of the first regions includes one or more first grating strips that are substantially parallel and spaced apart from the optical waveguide layer.
  • the second coupling grating includes at least two second regions, the at least two second regions are in one-to-one correspondence with at least two light rays formed after coupling through the first coupling grating;
  • Each of the second regions includes a plurality of sleeved annular gratings disposed on the optical waveguide layer, and each of the annular gratings includes one or substantially spaced and spaced along the annular grating a plurality of second grating strips.
  • the first coupling grating is a reflective coupling grating or a transmissive coupling grating
  • the second coupling grating is a reflective coupling grating or a transmissive coupling grating.
  • the at least two coupling gratings further include a third coupling grating between the first coupling grating and the second coupling grating, the third coupling grating being used to expand The range of field of view of the light propagating within the optical waveguide layer.
  • the first coupling grating includes one or more first grating strips disposed substantially parallel and spaced apart on the optical waveguide layer, the third coupling gratings comprising substantially parallel and spaced apart One or more third grating strips on the optical waveguide layer, and one or more first grating strips of the first coupling grating are disposed in a direction and one or more third gratings of the third coupling grating
  • the setting direction of the bar is a preset angle.
  • the at least two light rays have different primary colors
  • the optical waveguide layer includes at least two sub-optical waveguide layers disposed in a stack
  • Each of the sub-optical waveguide layers has a ray sub-incidence region and a ray sub-emission region, and the first coupling grating is disposed at a position corresponding to the ray sub-incident region in each of the sub-optical waveguide layers, and each of the sub-optical waveguide layers a second coupling grating is disposed at a position corresponding to the ray sub-exiting region;
  • the first coupling grating corresponding to the first sub-optical waveguide layer of the at least two of the sub-optical waveguide layers is configured to change a direction of the light having the first primary color such that the light is at the first Propagating into the ray sub-exit region in the sub-optical waveguide layer;
  • the first coupling grating corresponding to the second sub-optical waveguide layer of the at least two of the sub-optical waveguide layers is configured to change a direction of the light having the second primary color such that the light is in the second sub-light
  • the waveguide layer propagates to the ray sub-exiting region.
  • the optical element emits at least three kinds of the light rays having different primary colors, and the first coupling grating is disposed on each of the sub-optical waveguide layers;
  • the first coupling grating on the third sub-optical waveguide layer of the at least two sub-optical waveguide layers has at least two third regions, the at least two third regions corresponding to at least two of the different primary colors Light;
  • the first coupling grating corresponding to the fourth sub-optical waveguide layer of the at least two sub-optical waveguide layers has at least one fourth region, and the fourth region corresponds to a primary color of the ray and the third region The corresponding primary colors of the light are different.
  • the optical waveguide layer is a light guide plate having opposite first and second sides, and the light incident region and the light exiting region are disposed on the same side of the light guide plate. Different areas on the side.
  • the optical waveguide layer is a light guide plate having opposite first and second sides, the light incident region is located on the first side, and the light exiting region Located on the second side, and the vertical projection of the light incident region on the second side is located in a different region from the light exiting region.
  • the optical element includes at least two display devices disposed on the light incident region of the light guide plate, different display devices capable of emitting light of different image information.
  • the optical element includes a display device disposed on the light incident region of the light guide plate, the one display device having at least two sub-display regions, different of the sub-display regions capable of emitting Light with different image information.
  • the display device is a microdisplay comprising a light source assembly and a display chip, the light source assembly comprising at least three monochromatic laser chips capable of emitting different monochromatic light.
  • the display device is a microdisplay including a light source assembly and a display chip, the light source assembly including at least three monochromatic LED chips capable of emitting different monochromatic light, and at least The monochromatic light emitted by the three single-color LED chips is collimated and collimated.
  • the display chip includes a digital light processing chip and a timing control chip for sequentially injecting at least three types of monochromatic light emitted by the light source assembly to the digital light processing chip.
  • the display device is an optical engine.
  • the display device includes a micro OLED display device, and a collimating structure that collimates light emitted by the micro OLED display device.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display method, which is applied to the above display device, including:
  • the optical element emits at least two kinds of light having different image information, and propagates the at least two kinds of light to a light incident region of the optical waveguide layer;
  • Light rays formed by light rays having the same image information among the at least two kinds of light rays are emitted from the light exiting region and concentrated at the same viewpoint, and light rays formed by light rays having different image information among the at least two kinds of light rays are
  • the light exiting regions exit and converge at different viewpoints to form at least two preset viewpoints, and the at least two preset viewpoints are located within a visible range of the same pupil.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the optical path of a human eye observation image in the real world
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an optical path of a human eye observation image in a parallax 3D technique of the related art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view 1 of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural view of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view 3 of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view 5 of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view 6 of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the display device in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the structure of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a first coupling grating in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second coupling grating in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a third coupling grating in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of a first coupling grating and a second coupling grating in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 16 is a schematic diagram showing distributions of a first coupling grating, a second coupling grating, and a third coupling grating in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing diffracted waves of the coupling grating in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a light path of a 3D image light field in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view showing the structure of a microdisplay in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a second structural diagram of a microdisplay in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view showing the structure of a microdisplay in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the focal position L of the single eye and the convergence distance L' of the binocular line of sight are identical, and are all on the observed object, as shown in FIG.
  • the corresponding light direction information such as the corresponding light direction required for the single eye focus is not provided, and the focus position of the single eye is always at On the screen, because the parallax will converge to the displayed virtual object at a certain distance, the focus distance L of the single eye and the convergence distance L' of the binocular line of sight are different, as shown in FIG. 2, which will cause the viewer to stun and Discomfort.
  • the current mainstream AR (Augmented Reality)/VR (Virtual Reality) display products generally adopt binocular parallax 3D display technology, in order to alleviate the problem of viewer dizziness and discomfort caused by the conflict between monocular focus and binocular convergence (ie, the focus position L of a single eye)
  • the problem of dizziness and discomfort of the viewer caused by the difference in the distance L′ of the binocular line of sight is that the focal plane of the monocular is placed on a fixed plane of about 5 m from the human eye, and the binocular convergence plane of the displayed 3D parallax picture is placed at It is located near or at 5m from the human eye. This will result in the lack of picture content at a closer distance and reduce the immersive experience of the AR display. Or, although the content of the screen at a relatively close distance can be displayed, it is still accompanied by severe dizziness and discomfort.
  • the embodiment provides a display device, as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG.
  • An optical waveguide layer 1 having a light incident region and a light exit region
  • the optical element 4 is configured to emit at least two kinds of light rays having different image information, and the optical element 4 is correspondingly disposed in the light incident region, and is capable of transmitting the light of the at least two kinds of light to the optical waveguide layer 1 region;
  • a first coupling grating 2 disposed on a propagation path of the at least two kinds of rays on the optical waveguide layer 1 for redirecting the at least two kinds of rays incident into the optical waveguide layer 1 so that The at least two kinds of light rays propagate in the optical waveguide layer 1 in a direction such as total reflection to a direction in which the light exiting region exists;
  • a second coupling grating 3 disposed in the optical waveguide layer 1 and disposed corresponding to the light exiting region for totally reflecting light formed by light having the same image information in the at least two kinds of rays from the The light exiting area exits and converges at the same viewpoint, and total reflected light formed by the light having different image information among the at least two kinds of light is emitted from the light exiting area and concentrated at different viewpoints to form at least two presets At least two preset viewpoints are located within the visible range of the same pupil.
  • the first coupling grating 2 may be disposed either in the optical waveguide layer 1 or on the outer surface of the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • a Bragg grating prepared by a general holographic material is usually disposed in the waveguide layer 1, and a small portion may also be located on the waveguide surface (for example, an outer surface of the optical waveguide layer 1).
  • a surface relief grating is located on the outer surface of the waveguide layer 1.
  • concentrating light rays formed by light rays having the same image information among the at least two kinds of light rays in the same viewpoint actually means that light rays corresponding to different microdisplays are centered on different viewpoints, forming a slight Have a different perspective and enter the human eye at the same time.
  • the first coupling grating 2 can also cause the at least two kinds of light rays to propagate in the optical waveguide layer 1 in the direction of the light exiting region in other suitable propagation modes.
  • the disclosed embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • the display device including the first coupling grating 2 and the second coupling grating 3 is only one example.
  • the display device may further include other coupling gratings according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the distance between the two preset viewpoints in the first direction is less than or equal to a preset value, such that the at least two preset viewpoints are located within the visible range of the same pupil, wherein the first direction is A direction substantially parallel to the line connecting the two pupils of the human eye.
  • the at least two kinds of light rays incident into the optical waveguide layer 1 are changed in direction by the arrangement of the first coupling grating 2, so that the at least two kinds of light rays are in the optical waveguide layer 1 Propagating in the direction of the light exiting region in a manner such as total reflection, by the arrangement of the second coupling grating 3, the total reflected light formed by the light having the same image information in the at least two kinds of rays is from the The light exiting regions exit and converge at the same viewpoint, and total reflected rays formed by light having different image information are emitted from the light exiting regions and concentrated at different viewpoints to form at least two preset viewpoints, and the at least two The preset viewpoint is within the visible range of the same pupil.
  • At least two preset viewpoints located within the visible range of the same pupil constitute a set of viewpoints, and different sets of viewpoints are located within the visible range of different pupils.
  • the display module displays at least two rendered pictures for at least two different preset viewpoints
  • at least two preset viewpoints in the view group located in one pupil visual range can acquire at least two renderings.
  • the display device is capable of providing hardware support for the monocular focus distance and the binocular line of sight convergence distance substantially the same.
  • the light provided in this embodiment can stimulate the human eye so that the single eye focus position is substantially the same as the binocular focus position, thereby solving the vertigo problem in the parallax 3D technology.
  • different image information possessed by at least two kinds of rays is a different two-dimensional field of view image that the human eye can view at different angles.
  • different two-dimensional field of view images viewed here at different angles refer to two different two-dimensional field of view images.
  • two two-dimensional field of view images entering the human eye at different angles of view are equivalent to the same scene, and the two eyes are viewed at different points of view of the same human eye (different viewpoints are equivalent to treating the human eye as a single point, person The screen has a slight movement, but the movement range does not exceed the pupil size.
  • the at least two kinds of light are, for example, collimated light.
  • the at least two preset viewpoints may be arranged, for example, in a word line, or distributed in a matrix, or distributed in a linear radial manner, or in a spiral cycloidal radiation distribution. Wait.
  • the at least two preset viewpoints are generally located on the same plane in front of the pupil, or may be on different planes, or may be located in the pupil, as long as they are within the visible range of the same pupil.
  • the distance between any two preset viewpoints located within the visible range of the same pupil is less than or equal to a preset value
  • the preset value is the diameter of the pupil.
  • the diameter of the pupil will be different (the pupil will also zoom in or out as the environment brightens).
  • the pupil diameter is typically 2.5 mm in the bright state and 5 mm in the scotopic state. Therefore, the distance between any two of the at least two preset viewpoints within the visible range of the same pupil is less than or equal to 2.5 mm, or less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the pupil diameter is only two typical values of the pupil diameter, and the distance between any two preset viewpoints of the at least two preset viewpoints located within the visible range of the same pupil may also be Other embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the visible range of a pupil is within a spherical surface formed by the center of the pupil and having a radius of the pupil diameter, that is, the maximum distance between the viewpoint located in the visible range of the pupil and the center of the pupil is equal to The diameter of the pupil, that is, the minimum distance between the viewpoint located within the visible range of the pupil and the center of the pupil is zero.
  • At least two kinds of rays having different image information are aggregated into at least two different viewpoints, and at least two different rays are propagated in different propagation modes. There may be a plurality of propagation modes to the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the optical waveguide layer 1 is propagated to the second in a manner such as total reflection. Coupling the grating 3 and passing through the optical waveguide layer 1 after being coupled by the second coupling grating 3, and the light having different image information is concentrated at different viewpoints, and the light having the same image information is concentrated at the same viewpoint.
  • the at least two kinds of light rays are incident into the optical waveguide layer 1 in different propagation modes.
  • the different propagation modes include: the incident angles of the at least two kinds of light rays incident on the optical waveguide layer 1 are different, so that at least two totally reflected light rays corresponding to the at least two kinds of light rays are incident on the The directions of the second coupling gratings 3 are different to form the at least two preset viewpoints.
  • 3 to 6 show that two rays having different image information are incident on the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer 1 at different incident angles, respectively, after being diffracted by the first coupling grating 2 and the second coupling grating 3.
  • the optical paths converge on two different preset viewpoints (light field sampling points), and the two different preset viewpoints are located within the visible range of the same pupil.
  • the first light having the first image information is incident on the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer 1 at the first incident angle ⁇ AI , and after being diffracted by the first coupling grating 2 ,
  • the first exit angle ⁇ A is emitted and propagates in a total reflection manner in the optical waveguide layer 1 , and after being diffracted by the second coupling grating 3 , is emitted from the light exit region of the optical waveguide layer 1 and is concentrated.
  • the first preset viewpoint At the first preset viewpoint.
  • the second light having the second image information is incident on the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer 1 at the second incident angle ⁇ BI , and after being diffracted by the first grating, is emitted at the second exit angle ⁇ B And propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 in a total reflection manner, after being diffracted by the second coupling grating 3, exiting from the light exiting region of the optical waveguide layer 1 and concentrating on the second preset viewpoint .
  • the first preset viewpoint and the second preset viewpoint are different, and the first preset viewpoint and the second preset viewpoint are located within a visible range of the same pupil, by the first preset viewpoint and the
  • the second preset viewpoint can acquire the rendered image with the three-dimensional effect, that is, the single-eye can obtain the rendered image with the three-dimensional effect, and the Bragg selection characteristic of the ray angle of the first coupling grating 2 and the second coupling grating 3 can be realized.
  • the adjustment of the monocular focus distance solves the problem of viewer dizziness and discomfort caused by the difference between the monocular focus distance and the binocular convergence distance.
  • the different propagation modes may further include:
  • the incident angles of the at least two kinds of light rays incident on the optical waveguide layer 1 are the same, and at least part of the first rays of the at least two rays and at least a portion of the second rays of the at least two rays
  • the incident point of the light incident on the optical waveguide layer 1 is staggered in parallel by a predetermined distance such that at least two total reflected rays formed by the at least two kinds of rays are parallel to the incident point of the second coupled grating 3 and are staggered in parallel
  • At least two kinds of rays are parallel to each other and staggered to the first coupling grating 2, and at least two types of total reflections formed after coupling
  • the rays are incident parallel to each other and staggered to the second coupling grating 3.
  • the light at the second coupling grating 3 is changed into collimated rays that are respectively driven into the human eye at different angles, and the angles of the two beams are satisfied, and the two beams do not overlap at the pupil. , but all within the pupil area.
  • the optical component includes at least two sets of pixel units that are staggered and capable of emitting at least two types of light having different image information, and the plurality of sub-pixels of the at least two sets of pixel units are interleaved one by one (for example, A11 pixel, B11 pixel, A12 pixel and B12 pixel setting, each sub-pixel includes three sub-pixel units of R, G, B, or each sub-pixel is monochromatic, and is displayed by using R, G, B light source timing illumination)
  • all the light rays of the first light rays of the at least two kinds of light rays are respectively separated from the incident points of the second light rays of the at least two light rays by the incident point of the optical waveguide layer 1 Stagger the preset distance.
  • the first light having the first image information is incident on the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer 1 at a first incident angle, and is diffracted by the first coupling grating 2 to be first.
  • the exit angle is emitted, and propagates in the optical waveguide layer 1 in a total reflection manner, and after being diffracted by the second coupling grating 3, is emitted from the light exit region of the optical waveguide layer 1 and converges on the first pre- Set the viewpoint.
  • the second light having the second image information is incident on the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer 1 at a second incident angle substantially the same as the first incident angle, after being diffracted by the first grating Ejecting at a second exit angle substantially the same as the first exit angle, and propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 in a total reflection manner, after being diffracted by the second coupling grating 3, from the The light exiting region of the optical waveguide layer 1 exits and converges on the second predetermined viewpoint.
  • the first preset viewpoint and the second preset viewpoint are different, and the first preset viewpoint and the second preset viewpoint are located within a visible range of the same pupil, according to the first preset viewpoint and the second
  • the preset viewpoint can obtain the light field rendering image with three-dimensional effect by reverse ray tracing, that is, the single-eye can obtain the rendered image with three-dimensional effect, and the light field image itself can carry the distance information of the display scene, which can stimulate the person
  • the adjustment of the eye focus distance can thus solve the problem of viewer vertigo and discomfort caused by the difference between the single eye focus distance and the binocular eye line convergence distance.
  • an incident angle of at least two kinds of light rays with different image information emitted by the optical element 4 incident on the optical waveguide layer 1 may be set according to a shape of the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the incident angle of at least two kinds of light rays entering the optical waveguide layer 1 is, for example, -15 to 15 degrees.
  • the incident angle of the at least two kinds of light rays entering the optical waveguide layer 1 is not zero, that is, the at least two kinds of light respectively The light incident region oblique to the optical waveguide layer 1 at a predetermined angle is incident into the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the first coupling grating 2 includes, for example, at least two first regions, the at least two first regions are in one-to-one correspondence with the at least two light rays, and the at least two first regions are The number is the same as the number of the at least two rays.
  • Each of the first regions includes a plurality of first grating strips 1001 disposed substantially parallel and spaced apart from the optical waveguide layer, as shown in FIGS. 12, 15, and 16.
  • the line direction of the grating at the second coupling grating 3 is substantially perpendicular to the line direction of the first region 21, and the period of the grating at the second coupling grating 3 is between the two first regions 21.
  • the period of the second coupling grating 3 is equal to a certain grating period at the first region 21.
  • the respective grating periods at the first region 21 are different, and the difference is such that the coupling angle of the light at the second coupling grating 3 satisfies the requirement that the light of different microdisplays can simultaneously enter the human eye.
  • the line direction of the grating at the third coupling grating 5 is substantially 45 degrees from the horizontal direction, and the grating period at the third coupling grating 5 is the grating period at the second coupling grating 3.
  • the number of the first regions 21 is two, but the number of the second coupling gratings 3 is plural because the micro projectors are coupled in correspondence, and the two micro projectors do not overlap. At least two micro projectors can achieve the light field display effect, that is, the second coupling grating 3 corresponds to the ⁇ , in order to expand the movable space of the eye box, it is necessary to expand the ⁇ design, that is, use multiple second Coupling grating 3.
  • the first coupling grating 2 includes at least two first regions corresponding to the at least two light rays such that each of the light rays is incident on a first region corresponding to the light.
  • the incident points of the at least two kinds of light rays incident on the optical waveguide layer 1 are different, at least two of the first regions are separately disposed, and the corresponding first region on the first coupling grating 2 is opposite.
  • the light rays are coupled, and are respectively coupled to different preset viewpoints after being coupled by the second coupling grating 3.
  • At least two of the first regions are completely separated, that is, when disposed in two separate regions on the optical waveguide layer, at least two of the first regions may be fabricated in at least two grating structures respectively It can also be fabricated on a grating structure. When it is made, it can be set according to actual needs.
  • the incident points propagating to the first coupled grating 2 may overlap. That is, the at least two kinds of light rays are incident on the same region on the first coupling grating 2. That is, the at least two first regions of the first coupling grating 2 corresponding to the at least two light rays are coincident, and the first region corresponding to the first coupling grating 2 is The light is coupled and then condensed to different preset viewpoints after being coupled by the second coupling grating 3.
  • the structure of the first coupling grating 2 is relatively complicated, and the first coupling grating 2 is required to have a wide angular response characteristic, and a certain angle selection characteristic is required (the coupling of spurious signals can be suppressed).
  • the second coupling grating 3 includes at least two second regions, and the at least two second regions are in one-to-one correspondence with at least two types of total reflection rays formed by coupling through the first coupling grating.
  • Each of the second regions includes a plurality of annular gratings disposed on the optical waveguide layer, and each of the annular gratings includes a plurality of circumferentially arranged and spaced apart along the annular grating
  • the second grating strip 1002 is as shown in FIG.
  • the second coupling grating 3 has a simple structure and high reliability, but the required area of the second coupling grating 3 is large, or the space utilization ratio of the light exiting area of the optical waveguide layer 1 is not high. It is not conducive to the improvement of the resolution of the display.
  • the specific structure of the second coupling grating 3 is based on at least two The incident position setting of the total reflected light.
  • the rays of the at least two of the at least two total reflected rays are interleaved with the incident point of the at least a portion of the at least two of the at least two totally reflected rays entering the second coupled grating 3 ( Similar to the arrangement of the pixels in the display device, the grating strip of the region corresponding to the third ray and the grating strip of the region corresponding to the fourth ray, corresponding to the third ray and the first The positions of the incident points of the four rays are alternately arranged.
  • At least two types of totally reflected rays formed by coupling at least two kinds of light rays through the first coupling grating 2 fall when the positions of the second coupling gratings 3 are the same (ie, at least two of the second regions are overlapped),
  • the structure of the second coupling grating 3 is relatively complicated, and the second coupling grating 3 is required to have a wide angular response characteristic, and at the same time, a certain angle selection characteristic is required (the coupling of the spurious signal can be suppressed).
  • the area of the second coupling grating 3 is not large, or the space utilization rate of the light exiting area of the optical waveguide layer 1 is required to be high, which is advantageous for the resolution of the display to be improved.
  • the second coupling grating 3 includes a plurality of annular gratings disposed on the optical waveguide layer 1 , and each annular grating includes a substantially circumferential arrangement along the annular grating. And a plurality of second grating strips 1002 spaced apart, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 15, in order to drive light emitted from the optical waveguide layer 1 into the human eye to achieve a larger field of view.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the first coupling grating and the second coupling grating in the optical waveguide layer (not limited thereto).
  • the first coupling grating 2 in FIG. 15 includes two first regions 21 that are independently disposed.
  • the second coupling grating 3 is identical to the principle of the first coupling grating 2, and a specific mode coupling is performed on the light propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 by a grating coupling structure, so that the light emitting direction and color of the light can be realized (
  • the selection of the wavelength of the light includes at least two regions corresponding to the at least two kinds of rays such that the at least two kinds of rays exit from the optical waveguide layer 1 and converge at different preset viewpoints.
  • the first coupling grating 2 is a reflective coupling grating or a transmissive coupling grating
  • the second coupling grating 3 is a reflective coupling grating or a transmissive coupling grating.
  • the first coupling grating 2 and the second coupling grating 3 are both reflective coupling gratings.
  • the first coupling grating 2 and the second coupling grating 3 are both transmissive coupling gratings.
  • the first coupling grating 2 is a reflective coupling grating
  • the second coupling grating 3 is a transmissive coupling grating.
  • the first coupling grating 2 is a transmissive coupling grating
  • the second coupling grating 3 is a reflective coupling grating.
  • the optical waveguide layer 1 is further provided with a third coupling grating 5 between the first coupling grating 2 and the second coupling grating 3, and the third coupling grating 5 is used for expanding
  • the range of the angle of view of the total reflected light propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 is as shown in FIG.
  • the first coupling grating 2 includes a plurality of first grating strips 1001 disposed substantially parallel to and spaced apart from the optical waveguide layer 1.
  • the third coupling gratings 5 are disposed substantially parallel and spaced apart from each other.
  • the third grating strip 1003 on the optical waveguide layer 1 is disposed, and the direction in which the first grating strip 1001 of the first coupling grating 2 is disposed is preset with the direction in which the third grating strip 1003 of the third coupling grating 5 is disposed.
  • the angle is shown in Figures 14 and 16.
  • the first coupling grating 2 and the third coupling grating 5 each adopt a strip grating.
  • the entire grating region of the first coupling grating 2 and the third coupling grating 5 may be uniform, and may also be different portions including different settings to balance the brightness, correct chromatic aberration, aberration, etc. of the entire screen. .
  • the grating strips of the first coupling grating 2 and the grating strips of the third coupling grating 5 are arranged orthogonally.
  • the first coupling grating 2, the second coupling grating 3, and the third coupling grating 5 may be, for example, a holographic grating, formed by holographic exposure of a material such as a holographic polymer, and the grating thickness is 0- 5mm.
  • the first coupling grating 2, the second coupling grating 3 and the third coupling grating 5 may be, for example, a dielectric grating having a relief type on the surface, and may be a common binary dielectric grating or a non-equal thick multi-step grating. Or a thick multi-step grating, which may be formed, for example, by laser direct writing, laser interference, electron beam exposure, nanoimprinting, or the like.
  • the first coupling grating 2, the second coupling grating 3 and the third coupling grating 5 may be composed of, for example, a (lithographic or embossed) rubber material, or may be a rubber material or the like as a mask.
  • the film layer on the optical waveguide layer 1 or the optical waveguide layer 1 is formed by etching.
  • the refractive indices of the first coupling grating 2, the second coupling grating 3, and the third coupling grating 5 all need to be significantly different from the medium in the gap between adjacent grating strips ( ⁇ n>0.3), the grating strip
  • the thickness is, for example, 0-5 um, or 0-1 um.
  • an angle or the like refers to an angle of propagation of light in the optical waveguide layer 1 when light enters the optical waveguide layer 1 from another medium (for example, air), or is emitted from the optical waveguide layer 1 and propagates to other mediums.
  • the angle of the light changes according to the law of refraction (Snell's law), and the corresponding light propagation or convergence needs to be corrected accordingly.
  • Fig. 17 is a view showing the diffracted optical paths of the coupling gratings (the first coupling grating 2, the second coupling grating 3, and the third coupling grating 5).
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ of the m-order diffracted wave of the grating is determined only by the grating period P, the wavelength ⁇ of the incident wave, and the incident angle ⁇ 0 .
  • n1 is the refractive index of the incident medium and n2 is the refractive index of the transmission medium.
  • Positive and negative sign selection When the transmitted/reflected diffracted wave and the incident wave are on the opposite side of the normal of the incident surface, the angle corresponding to the transmitted/reflected diffracted wave and the incident wave is the same; otherwise, the opposite sign is taken.
  • the selection of the specific sign is determined by the choice of the coordinate system.
  • the diffraction intensity of the zero-order and/or first-order diffraction of the grating is relatively large, and the diffraction order of the higher order is much smaller than the former two; the zero-order diffraction wave is in the direction of the refracted/reflected light (Snell's law)
  • the diffraction direction of the non-zero-order diffracted wave can be controlled by the period of the grating.
  • the first-order (reflected or transmitted) diffracted wave of the grating is used to deflect the light, and the period of the grating is determined according to the incident angle and the exit angle of the light, but the high-order diffraction using the grating is not excluded.
  • the grating diffraction efficiency can be adjusted by adjusting the depth (height) and duty ratio of the grating. Or the shape of a single cycle in a complex grating (for example, the volume grating needs to adjust the distribution of the refractive index in three directions of width, depth, and height to achieve the required light modulation function, and the step grating needs to adjust the distribution of the steps in a single period. ).
  • the specific mode coupling of the light propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1 by the grating coupling structure can realize the selection of the light outgoing direction and color of the light.
  • the at least two kinds of light rays have different primary colors, for example, red light, blue light, and green light, respectively, and the optical waveguide layer 1 includes at least two sub-optical waveguide layers disposed in a stack.
  • Each of the sub-optical waveguide layers has a ray sub-incidence region and a ray sub-emission region, and each of the sub-optical waveguide layers has the first coupling grating 2 corresponding to a position of the ray sub-incident region, and each sub-optical waveguide
  • the second coupling grating 3 is provided at a position corresponding to the ray sub-exit region in the layer.
  • the first coupling grating 2 of the first sub-optical waveguide layer of the at least two of the sub-optical waveguide layers is used to change the direction of the light having the first primary color such that the light is totally reflected Propagating into the ray sub-exit region in the first sub-optical waveguide layer.
  • the first coupling grating 2 of the second sub-optical waveguide layer of the at least two of the sub-optical waveguide layers is for changing light having a second primary color (the first primary color is different from the second primary color)
  • the direction is such that the light propagates in the second sub-optical waveguide layer to the ray sub-exit region in a total reflection manner.
  • the optical waveguide layer 1 may be provided with at least two sub-optical waveguide layers of the same number as the at least two kinds of rays, that is, one of the sub-optical waveguide layers corresponds to one ray, and according to the primary color of the corresponding ray Corresponding said first coupling grating 2 is disposed on the corresponding sub-optical waveguide layer.
  • each of the sub-optical waveguide layers is provided with the first coupling grating 2, and the third of the at least two sub-optical waveguide layers
  • the first coupling grating 2 on the optical waveguide layer has at least two third regions 300 corresponding to at least two of the rays having different primary colors, as shown in FIG.
  • the first coupling grating 2 on the fourth sub-optical waveguide layer of the at least two sub-optical waveguide layers has at least one fourth region 400, the primary color of the light corresponding to the fourth region 400 and the first The primary colors of the light rays corresponding to the three regions 300 are different, as shown in FIG.
  • the crosstalk between the red light and the blue light is small, and in order to save cost, the red light and the blue light can be propagated in the same sub-optical waveguide layer.
  • the sub-optical waveguide The first coupling grating 2 in the layer includes two second regions corresponding to light having a red color and corresponding to light having a blue color, as shown in FIG.
  • the light propagates in the other of the sub-optical waveguide layers (the second sub-optical waveguide layer 12), and the other of the sub-optical waveguide layers is disposed in the first coupling grating 2 corresponding to the green light, the second The first coupling grating in the sub-optical waveguide layer 12 couples only the green light, and the red and blue light is transmitted from the first coupling grating and propagates into the first sub-optical waveguide layer 11.
  • the optical waveguide layer 1 is disposed in a single layer, and when the at least two light rays have at least two different primary colors, the first coupling grating 2 includes at least two different regions.
  • the light corresponding to each region has a primary color, and according to different trajectories of the light having different primary colors propagating in the optical waveguide layer 1, the specific structural form of the first coupling grating 2 can be accurately designed, and a single-layer optical waveguide layer can be realized. 1 color setting.
  • the optical waveguide layer is a light guide plate, and the light guide plate has opposite first and second sides, and the light incident region and the light exiting region are different on the same side of the light guide plate. region.
  • the light incident region is located on the first side
  • the light exiting region is located on the second side
  • a vertical projection of the light incident region on the second side is different from the light exiting region Area.
  • the material of the optical waveguide layer 1 is, for example, a transparent material such as glass or resin, and the refractive index is 1.5-2.0, and optionally 1.7-1.8, but not limited thereto.
  • the optical element 4 is configured to emit at least two kinds of light rays having different image information, and the optical element 4 may include at least two independently arranged displays of the light incident region disposed on the light guide plate.
  • a device in which different display devices are capable of emitting light of different image information For example, in the display device of FIGS. 3-6, two display devices are included (the number of the display devices may be set according to actual needs), and one of the display devices emits the first image having the first image information. Light, the other of the display devices emits a second light having second image information.
  • the optical component 4 may further include a display device disposed on the light incident region of the light guide plate, the display device having at least two sub-display regions, different of the sub-displays The area is capable of emitting light with different image information.
  • the optical element 4 includes one of the display devices, and one of the display devices includes two sub-display areas, and one sub-display area emits a first light having first image information. Another sub display unit emits a second light having the second image information.
  • the specific structure of the first coupling grating 2 may be various, as long as the direction of at least two kinds of rays incident from the incident region of the light of the optical waveguide layer 1 is changed, so that at least two kinds of rays are in the optical waveguide.
  • the layer 1 is propagated in the optical waveguide layer 1 in a total reflection manner.
  • the first coupling grating 2 includes a plurality of first portions that are substantially parallel and spaced apart from the optical waveguide layer 1 .
  • the grating strip 1001 is as shown in FIG. 12, but is not limited thereto.
  • At least two kinds of rays having different image information are emitted for at least two sub-display areas of one of the display devices, at least part of the rays of one of the rays are substantially parallel to at least part of the rays of the other of the rays,
  • at least two first regions of the first coupling grating 2 corresponding to the respective at least two types of rays at least a portion of the grating strips in one of the first regions and at least a portion of the grating strips of the other of the first regions are substantially Arranging in parallel in parallel, the arrangement of the grating strips in the first coupling is required to be high, so that at least two of the first regions of the first coupling grating 2 are respectively accurately paired with corresponding at least two kinds of light Bit.
  • the at least two first regions on the first coupling grating 2 are arranged corresponding to respective rays when at least two rays having different image information are emitted for at least two of the display devices.
  • the distance between the display device and the optical waveguide layer 1 may be set according to actual needs, and the display device is used to improve the alignment accuracy of the first coupling grating and the display device.
  • the distance from the optical waveguide layer 1 is relatively close.
  • the light-emitting surface of the display device is in contact with the light-incident surface of the optical waveguide layer 1, as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 10, but is not limited thereto.
  • the display device is a microdisplay.
  • the display device is a collimated microdisplay to emit collimated light.
  • the display device is an optical engine, but is not limited thereto.
  • the display device includes a light source assembly and a display chip (such as the first display chip 600 in FIG. 20 and the second display chip 900 in FIG. 21), the light source assembly including at least three capable of emitting different Monochromatic laser chip with monochromatic light.
  • the light source assembly includes at least three monochromatic LED chips capable of emitting different monochromatic lights, and a collimating structure for collimating monochromatic light emitted by at least three of the monochromatic LED chips.
  • the light source assembly includes a white LED and a collimating structure that collimates light emitted by the white LED.
  • the display chip includes a digital light processing chip and a timing control chip for sequentially injecting at least three kinds of monochromatic light emitted by the light source assembly to the digital light processing chip.
  • the collimating structure includes a collimating lens group, but is not limited thereto.
  • the light source assembly includes a white LED 300
  • the collimating structure includes a first collimating lens group 400 and a second collimating lens group 700.
  • the display device further includes a PBS polarization splitting device 500 between the first collimating lens group 400 and the second collimating lens group 700, and the light emitted by the white LED 300 passes through the first standard
  • the straight lens group 400 is collimated and becomes collimated light, and part of the light in the collimated light is reflected by the PBS polarization splitting device 500 and then incident on the first display chip 600 (the first display chip 600 is a reflective display)
  • the device is incapable of autonomous illumination, and part of the light emitted by the first display chip 600 is transmitted from the PBS polarization splitting device 500 and is aligned by the second collimating lens group 700.
  • Straight light is then incident on the incident area of the light guide plate 1.
  • the light source assembly includes three monochromatic LED chips 3000 capable of emitting different monochromatic lights, the collimating structure including a third collimating lens group 1001 and a fourth collimating lens group 1000, and
  • the third collimating lens group 1001 includes three sub-collimating lens groups that are in one-to-one correspondence with the three monochromatic LED chips 3000 capable of emitting different monochromatic lights.
  • the display device further includes a PBS polarization splitting device group 800 between the third collimating lens group 1001 and the fourth collimating lens group 1000, the PBS polarizing beam splitting device group 800 including a first polarization a beam splitting device and a second polarization splitting device, the number of the first polarization splitting devices being one-to-one corresponding to three monochromatic LED chips 3000 capable of emitting different monochromatic lights, the second PBS polarizing beam splitting device A portion of the light reflected by the three first PBS polarization splitting devices is subjected to a second reflection to be incident on the second chip 900.
  • the PBS polarizing beam splitting device group 800 including a first polarization a beam splitting device and a second polarization splitting device, the number of the first polarization splitting devices being one-to-one corresponding to three monochromatic LED chips 3000 capable of emitting different monochromatic lights
  • the second PBS polarizing beam splitting device A portion of the light reflected by the three first PBS polarization splitting devices
  • Light emitted by the three monochromatic LED chips 3000 capable of emitting different monochromatic lights is collimated by the third collimating lens group 1001 to become collimated light, and the collimated light passes through the PBS polarizing beam splitting device group.
  • 800 is incident on the second display chip 900 (the second display chip 900 is a reflective display device and cannot autonomously emit light), and part of the light emitted by the second display chip 900 is polarized from the second PBS.
  • the beam device passes through and is collimated by the fourth collimating lens group 1000 to become collimated light, and then incident on an incident region of the light guide plate 1.
  • the display device includes a miniature OLED display device 200, and a collimating structure that collimates light emitted by the micro OLED display device, as shown in FIG.
  • the collimating structure described in FIG. 19 includes the fifth collimating lens group 100, but is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a light field display optical path, which includes a virtual three-dimensional object 01, a virtual display screen 02, and at least two virtual viewpoints M1 and M2 located on the same virtual pupil (only one eye is acquired for three-dimensional acquisition).
  • the light path of the screen showing the effect).
  • the viewing point is located in the visible range of the same pupil, and the corresponding light field image is respectively loaded on the pixel corresponding to each preset viewpoint to form light with different image information (corresponding to the same display scene at each viewpoint) Different images observed separately).
  • the light field generated by the corresponding 3D depth scene (object 01) near the pupil (the position within the pupil or at a preset distance before the pupil) is reproduced in a discrete manner
  • the convergence state is just the convergence state that the human eye has when observing the real scene corresponding to the display scene in the real environment
  • the images are just imaged by the human eye optical system.
  • a common image is formed on the retina (this image is exactly the image on the retina formed when the human eye observes the real scene corresponding to the displayed scene in the real environment), that is, the monocular focused 3D display effect is achieved, and the human eye can pass
  • the focus state of the lens is changed to achieve selective focusing on the display scene, and selective viewing of scenes with different depths of different orientations can be selected.
  • Most of the currently disclosed light field display prototypes generally have a relatively large volume (in the model verification stage, mainly based on the prototype built on the optical platform), or the optical path design is not suitable as an AR display (not perspective (for example, Lanman, 2013, NVIDIA) or display device transmittance is too low, such as the design of multi-layer LCD (liquid crystal display) (for example, Wetzstein, MIT).
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure implement a light field display using holographic waveguide display technology, and the use in a head mounted display device (especially AR) can greatly improve the device compared to conventional refractive optical devices. The integration and portability have better commercial prospects.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display method, which is applied to the above display device, and includes:
  • the optical element emits at least two kinds of rays having different image information, and propagates the at least two kinds of rays to the light incident region of the optical waveguide layer 1 in different propagation modes;
  • the first coupling grating 2 changes a propagation direction of the at least two kinds of rays incident into the optical waveguide layer 1 such that the at least two kinds of rays are directed in the optical waveguide layer 1 by, for example, total reflection Propagating in the direction in which the light exiting region of the optical waveguide layer 1 is located;
  • the second coupling grating 3 emits, for example, total reflection rays formed by the light having the same image information among the at least two kinds of rays from the light exiting region and converges at the same viewpoint, and the light having different image information forms, for example, the whole Reflecting rays exiting from the light exiting region and converge at different viewpoints to form at least two preset viewpoints, and the at least two preset viewpoints are located within a visible range of the same pupil, such that at least two pupils are acquired image.
  • the at least two kinds of light rays incident into the optical waveguide layer 1 are changed in direction by the arrangement of the first coupling grating 2, so that the at least two kinds of light rays are in the optical waveguide layer 1 Propagating in the direction of the light exiting area in a total reflection manner.
  • the arrangement of the second coupling grating 3 total reflection rays formed by light rays having the same image information among the at least two kinds of rays are emitted from the light exiting region and concentrated at the same viewpoint, and have different image information.
  • the totally reflected light formed by the light rays exits from the light exiting area and converges at different viewpoints to form at least two preset viewpoints, and the at least two preset viewpoints are located within the visible range of the same pupil.
  • At least two preset viewpoints located within the visible range of the same pupil constitute a set of viewpoints, and different sets of viewpoints are located within the visible range of different pupils.
  • the focus distance of the single pupil can be made to the rendered image obtained by the set of viewpoints located within the visible range of the pupil, and the two pupils respectively pass through the corresponding pupil visible range
  • the view point group within the view group obtains the three-dimensional effect of the rendered image, and the line-of-sight convergence distance is substantially the same, thereby solving the vertigo problem in the parallax 3D technology, that is, the light field three-dimensional display device can substantially match the single-eye focus distance and the binocular line-of-sight distance Provide hardware support.
  • the display device in this embodiment can be applied to a naked-eye 3D display, and at least two viewpoints are respectively formed on the left and right eyes.
  • the display device in this embodiment can also be applied to the display of the glasses 3D, and the design of covering the left and right eyes by one lens of the left and right eyes or the same lens is formed, and at least two viewpoints are respectively formed on the left and right eyes.
  • the display method of the present embodiment only adjusts the focus distance of a single eye for a virtual scene within about 2 m, and the parallax 3D technology of the virtual scene other than 2 m has no vertigo problem, and generally does not need to adjust the focus distance of the single eye. .

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Abstract

一种显示装置包括：光波导层（1），具有光线入射区域和光线出射区域；光学元件（4）对应设置于光线入射区域，光学元件，用于发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，能够将至少两种光线传播至光波导层的光线入射区域；以及至少两个耦合光栅（2），设置在光波导层中并且处于至少两种光线在光波导层的传播路径上，用于使入射至光波导层中的至少两种光线改变方向，以使至少两种光线在光波导层中向光线出射区域所在方向传播，并且将两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点。

Description

显示装置及显示方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2018年3月23日在中国提交的中国专利申请号No.201810246269.6的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及显示装置及显示方法。
背景技术
在真实世界中，当人眼观察一定距离处的物体时，单眼的聚焦位置和双眼视线的汇聚距离是一致的，都处在所观察的物体上。然而，在当前的视差3D技术中，由于屏幕仅提供了所观察光场的双眼视差画面信息，并未提供单眼聚焦所需的相应的光线方向等光场信息，单眼的聚焦位置是一直处在屏幕上的，而双眼由于视差会汇聚到所显示的虚拟的一定距离处的物体，单眼的聚焦位置和双眼视线的汇聚距离不同，这将导致观看者眩晕和不适。
发明内容
在第一个方面中，本公开实施例提供了一种显示装置，包括：
光波导层，所述光波导层具有光线入射区域和光线出射区域；
光学元件，用于发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，所述光学元件对应设置于所述光线入射区域，能够将所述至少两种光线传播至所述光波导层的光线入射区域；
第一耦合光栅，设置在所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层的传播路径上，用于使入射至所述光波导层中的所述至少两种光线改变方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层中向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
第二耦合光栅，设置在所述光波导层中且对应所述光线出射区域，用于将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，将所述至少两种光线中具有不同图像信息的 光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一耦合光栅使入射至所述光波导层中的所述至少两种光线改变方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层中以全反射的方式向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
所述第二耦合光栅将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，将所述至少两种光线中具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一耦合光栅包括至少两个第一区域，所述至少两个第一区域与所述至少两种光线一一对应，并且所述至少两个第一区域的数目与所述至少两种光线的数目相同；并且
每个所述第一区域包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层上的一个或多个第一光栅条。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第二耦合光栅包括至少两个第二区域，所述至少两个第二区域与经过所述第一耦合光栅耦合后形成的至少两种光线一一对应；并且
每个所述第二区域包括间隔设置于所述光波导层上的多个套设在一起的环形光栅，且每个环形光栅包括沿该环形光栅实质上周向排布且间隔设置的一个或多个第二光栅条。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一耦合光栅为反射式耦合光栅或者透射式耦合光栅，并且所述第二耦合光栅为反射式耦合光栅或者透射式耦合光栅。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述至少两个耦合光栅还包括位于所述第一耦合光栅和所述第二耦合光栅之间的第三耦合光栅，所述第三耦合光栅用于扩大在所述光波导层内传播的光线的视场角范围。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述第一耦合光栅包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层上的一个或多个第一光栅条，第三耦合光栅包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层上的一个或多个第三光栅条，且所述第一耦合 光栅的一个或多个第一光栅条的设置方向与所述第三耦合光栅的一个或多个第三光栅条的设置方向呈预设角度。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述至少两种光线具有不同的原色，所述光波导层包括层叠设置的至少两个子光波导层，
每个所述子光波导层具有光线子入射区域和光线子出射区域，每个子光波导层中对应于所述光线子入射区域的位置设有所述第一耦合光栅，每个子光波导层中对应于所述光线子出射区域的位置设有所述第二耦合光栅；
其中，至少两个所述子光波导层中的第一子光波导层所对应的所述第一耦合光栅，用于改变具有第一原色的光线的方向，以使得该光线在所述第一子光波导层中传播至所述光线子出射区域；并且
至少两个所述子光波导层中的第二子光波导层所对应的所述第一耦合光栅，用于改变具有第二原色的光线的方向，以使得该光线在所述第二子光波导层中传播至所述光线子出射区域。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述光学元件发出具有不同原色的至少三种所述光线，每个所述子光波导层上设有所述第一耦合光栅；
所述至少两个子光波导层中的第三子光波导层上的所述第一耦合光栅具有至少两个第三区域，所述至少两个第三区域对应具有不同原色的至少两种所述光线；并且
所述至少两个子光波导层中的第四子光波导层所对应的所述第一耦合光栅具有至少一个第四区域，所述第四区域对应的所述光线的原色与所述第三区域对应的所述光线的原色不同。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述光波导层为导光板，所述导光板具有相对设置的第一侧和第二侧，所述光线入射区域和光线出射区域设置在所述导光板的同一侧的不同区域。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述光波导层为导光板，所述导光板具有相对设置的第一侧和第二侧，所述光线入射区域位于所述第一侧，所述光线出射区域位于所述第二侧，且所述光线入射区域在所述第二侧上的垂直投影与所述光线出射区域位于不同的区域。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述光学元件包括设置在所述导光板上所述 光线入射区域的至少两个显示器件，不同所述显示器件能够发出不同图像信息的光线。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述光学元件包括设置在所述导光板上所述光线入射区域的一个显示器件，所述一个显示器件具有至少两个子显示区域，不同所述子显示区域能够发出具有不同图像信息的光线。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述显示器件为微显示器，所述微显示器包括光源组件和显示芯片，所述光源组件包括至少三种能够发出不同单色光的单色激光器芯片。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述显示器件为微显示器，所述微显示器包括光源组件和显示芯片，所述光源组件包括至少三种能够发出不同单色光的单色LED芯片、以及将至少三种所述单色LED芯片发出的单色光进行准直的准直结构。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述显示芯片包括数字光处理芯片和用于将所述光源组件发出的至少三种单色光顺序入射至所述数字光处理芯片的时序控制芯片。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述显示器件为光学引擎。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述显示器件包括微型OLED显示器件、以及将所述微型OLED显示器件发出的光线进行准直的准直结构。
在第二个方面中，本公开实施例还提供一种显示方法，应用于上述的显示装置，包括：
光学元件发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，并将所述至少两种光线传播至光波导层的光线入射区域；
改变入射至所述光波导层中的所述至少两种光线的传播方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层中向所述光波导层的光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，将所述至少两种光线中具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，且所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施例的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，清楚地是，下面具体实施方式中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1表示真实世界中人眼观察图像的光路示意图；
图2表示相关技术的视差3D技术中人眼观察图像的光路示意图；
图3表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图一；
图4表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图二；
图5表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图三；
图6表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图四；
图7表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图五；
图8表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图六；
图9表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图七；
图10表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图八；
图11表示本公开实施例中显示装置结构示意图九；
图12表示本公开实施例中第一耦合光栅的结构示意图；
图13表示本公开实施例中第二耦合光栅的结构示意图；
图14表示本公开实施例中第三耦合光栅的结构示意图；
图15表示本公开实施例中第一耦合光栅和第二耦合光栅分布示意图；
图16表示本公开实施例中第一耦合光栅、第二耦合光栅、第三耦合光栅分布示意图；
图17表示本公开实施例中耦合光栅各级衍射波示意图；
图18表示本公开实施例中3D图像光场光路示意图；
图19表示本公开实施例中微显示器结构示意图一；
图20表示本公开实施例中微显示器结构示意图二；以及
图21表示本公开实施例中微显示器结构示意图三。
具体实施方式
为使本公开要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
为使本公开要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。在下面的描述中，提供诸如具体的配置和组件的特定细节仅仅是为了帮助全面理解本公开的实施例。因此，本领域技术人员应该清楚，可以对这里描述的实施例进行各种改变和修改而不脱离本公开的范围和精神。另外，为了清楚和简洁，省略了对已知功能和构造的描述。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”或“一实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本公开的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。
以下结合附图对本公开的特征和原理进行详细说明，所举实施例仅用于解释本公开，并非以此限定本公开的保护范围。
在真实世界中，当人眼观察一定距离处的物体O时，单眼的聚焦位置L和双眼视线的汇聚距离L′是一致的，都处在所观察的物体上，如图1所示。然而，在当前的视差3D技术中，由于屏幕仅提供了所观察光场的双眼视差画面信息，并未提供单眼聚焦所需的相应的光线方向等光场信息，单眼的聚焦位置是一直处在屏幕上的，而双眼由于视差会汇聚到所显示的虚拟的一定距离处的物体，单眼的聚焦距离L和双眼视线的汇聚距离L′不同，如图2所示，这将导致观看者眩晕和不适。
当前主流的AR(增强现实)/VR(虚拟现实)显示产品一般采用双眼视差3D显示技术，为了减轻单眼聚焦和双眼汇聚的冲突所导致的观看者眩晕和不适的问题(即单眼的聚焦位置L和双眼视线的汇聚距离L′不同导致的观看者眩晕和不适的问题)，会把单眼的聚焦面放置在距离人眼5m左右的固定平面上，所显示的3D视差画面的双眼汇聚平面放置在距离人眼5m附近或以外的位置上。这样会带来较近距离处画面内容的缺失，降低了AR显 示的沉浸感体验。或者，虽然可以显示较近距离处画面内容，但依然伴有严重的眩晕和不适感。
为了解决上述问题，本实施例提供一种显示装置，如图3至图11所示，包括：
光波导层1，所述光波导层1具有光线入射区域和光线出射区域；
光学元件4，用于发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，所述光学元件4对应设置于所述光线入射区域，能够将所述至少两种光线传播至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域；
第一耦合光栅2，设置在所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层1的传播路径上，用于使入射至所述光波导层1中的所述至少两种光线改变方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层1中以例如全反射的方式向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
第二耦合光栅3，设置在所述光波导层1中，且对应所述光线出射区域设置，用于将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，将所述至少两种光线中具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内。
这里，本领域技术人员能够理解的是，第一耦合光栅2既可以被设置在所述光波导层1中，也可以被设置在所述光波导层1的外表面。具体的，一般全息材料制备的布拉格光栅通常被设置波导层1中，少部分情况也可位于波导表面(例如，光波导层1的外表面)。例如，表面浮雕光栅位于波导层1的外表面。
另外，这里所称的将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的光线汇聚于同一视点实际上是指，不同微显示所对应的光线，以不同的视点为中心，形成略有差别视角方向，同时打入人眼。
这里，本领域技术人员能够理解的是，第一耦合光栅2还可以使得所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层1中以其他合适的传播方式向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播，本公开实施例并不以此为限。
另外，本领域技术人员能够理解的是，所述显示装置包括第一耦合光栅2和第二耦合光栅3仅是一个示例。根据实际需要，所述显示装置还可以包括其他耦合光栅，本公开实施例并不以此为限。
此外，例如，两个预设视点在第一方向上的距离小于或等于预设值，使得所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内，其中，所述第一方向为与人眼两个瞳孔中心连线实质上平行的方向。
上述方案，通过所述第一耦合光栅2的设置，使得入射至所述光波导层1中的所述至少两种光线改变方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层1中以例如全反射的方式向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播，通过所述第二耦合光栅3的设置，将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，且所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内。位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内的至少两个预设视点构成一个视点组，不同的视点组位于不同的瞳孔的可视范围内。这样一来，当显示模组在针对至少两个不同的预设视点显示至少两个渲染画面时，位于一个瞳孔可视范围中的视点组中的至少两个预设视点至少可以获取两个渲染画面，从而使得一个瞳孔即可获取具有三维效果的渲染图像，并且在显示合适的至少两个渲染画面的情况下，能够使得单个瞳孔对位于该瞳孔可视范围内的视点组所获取的渲染图像的聚焦距离，与两个瞳孔分别通过对应瞳孔可视范围内的视点组获取具有三维效果的渲染图像时的视线汇聚距离基本上一致，从而解决视差3D技术中的眩晕问题，即该光场三维显示装置能够对单眼聚焦距离与双眼视线汇聚距离基本上一致提供硬件支持。
不同的光线进入人眼，人眼受到刺激会自动聚焦，本实施例中提供的光线可以刺激人眼、以使得单眼聚焦位置与双眼聚焦位置实质上相同，从而解决视差3D技术中的眩晕问题。
需要说明的是，至少两种光线所具有的不同的图像信息为人眼可以不同的角度观看的不同的二维视场图像。这里，本领域技术人员能够理解的是，这里以不同的角度观看的不同的二维视场图像指的是两幅不同的二维视场图 像。具体的，以不同视角进入人眼的两幅二维视场画面，相当于同一场景，针对同一人眼在不同位置视点处的两个视角下(不同视点相当于把人眼看成单点，人眼略有移动，但移动范围不超过瞳孔大小)的画面。
为了减少串扰，同时降低控制光线的方向的难度，本实施例中，所述至少两种光线例如是准直光线。
位于同一瞳孔可视范围内的预设视点的数量较多时，所述至少两个预设视点可以例如一字排布，或矩阵状分布，或线性辐射状分布，或呈螺旋摆线状辐射分布等。所述至少两个预设视点一般处在瞳孔前的同一平面上，也可以处在不同的平面上，也可以位于瞳孔内，只要位于同一瞳孔的可视范围内即可。
当所述至少两个视点位于瞳孔内时，此时，位于同一瞳孔可视范围内的任意两个预设视点之间的距离小于或等于预设值，所述预设值为瞳孔的直径。在环境亮度不同的情况下，瞳孔的直径会不同(瞳孔还会随着环境亮暗放大或缩小)。一般而言，在明视状态瞳孔直径典型值为2.5mm，在暗视状态瞳孔直径为5mm。所以，位于同一瞳孔的可视范围内的所述至少两个预设视点中的任意两个预设视点之间的距离小于或等于2.5mm，或者小于或等于5mm。应当理解的是，上述瞳孔直径仅是瞳孔直径的两个典型值，位于同一瞳孔的可视范围内的所述至少两个预设视点中的任意两个预设视点之间的距离也可以是其他数值，本公开实施例并不以此为限。
需要说明的是，一个瞳孔的可视范围为以该瞳孔的中心为中心点、以瞳孔直径为半径形成的球面之内，即位于瞳孔可视范围内的视点与该瞳孔的中心的最大距离等于瞳孔的直径，即位于瞳孔可视范围内的视点与该瞳孔的中心的最小距离为零。
为了减少串扰，且为了便于实现将具有相同图像信息的光线汇聚于同一视点，将具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线汇聚为至少两个不同的视点，至少两个不同光线以不同的传播模式传播至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，所述传播模式可以有多种。
例如，在本实施例中，为了使得具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线经过所述第一耦合光栅2耦合后，以例如全反射的方式在所述光波导层1中传播 至所述第二耦合光栅3，并经过所述第二耦合光栅3的耦合后从所述光波导层1中出射，且具有不同图像信息的光线汇聚于不同的视点，具有相同图像信息的光线汇聚于同一视点，所述至少两种光线以不同的传播模式入射至所述光波导层1中。
例如，所述不同传播模式包括：所述至少两种光线入射至所述光波导层1的入射角度不同，以使所述至少两种光线所对应形成的至少两个全反射光线入射至所述第二耦合光栅3的方向不同，以形成所述至少两个预设视点。
图3-图6中表示了两个具有不同图像信息的光线分别以不同的入射角度入射至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，经过第一耦合光栅2和第二耦合光栅3的衍射后汇聚于不同的两个预设视点(光场采样点)的光路，且不同的两个预设视点位于同一瞳孔的可视范围内。
如图3-图6所示，具有第一图像信息的第一光线以第一入射角度θ AI入射至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，经过所述第一耦合光栅2衍射后，以第一出射角度θ A出射，并在所述光波导层1中以全反射的方式传播，经过所述第二耦合光栅3衍射后，从所述光波导层1的光线出射区域出射、并汇聚于第一预设视点。另一方面，具有第二图像信息的第二光线以第二入射角度θ BI入射至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，经过所述第一光栅衍射后，以第二出射角度θ B出射，并以全反射的方式在所述光波导层1中传播，经过所述第二耦合光栅3的衍射后，从所述光波导层1的光线出射区域出射、并汇聚于第二预设视点。第一预设视点和第二预设视点位置不同，且所述第一预设视点和所述第二预设视点位于同一瞳孔的可视范围内，通过所述第一预设视点和所述第二预设视点即可获取具有三维效果的渲染图像，即单眼即可获得具有三维效果的渲染图像，利用第一耦合光栅2和第二耦合光栅3的对光线角度的布拉格选择特性，可以实现单眼聚焦距离的调节，解决单眼聚焦距离和双眼视线汇聚距离的不同所导致的观看者眩晕和不适的问题。
本实施例的另一实施方式中，所述不同传播模式还可以包括：
所述至少两种光线入射至所述光波导层1的入射角度相同，且所述至少两种光线中的第一光线的至少部分光线与所述至少两种光线中的第二光线的至少部分光线入射至所述光波导层1的入射点平行错开预设距离，以使所述 至少两种光线所形成的至少两种全反射光线平行入射至所述第二耦合光栅3的入射点平行错开，以形成所述至少两个预设视点，如图7-图10所示，至少两种光线相互平行、且交错入射至所述第一耦合光栅2，经过耦合后形成的至少两种全反射光线相互平行且交错入射至所述第二耦合光栅3。具体的，如图7所示，所述第二耦合光栅3处的光线被改成分别以不同角度打入人眼的准直光线，两个光束夹角满足，在瞳孔处两个光束不重叠，但均在瞳孔范围内。
可选的，所述光学元件包括交错设置的、能够发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线的至少两组像素单元，至少两组像素单元中的多个子像素是一一交错相隔设置的(例如A11像素、B11像素、A12像素和B12像素的设置，每个子像素包含R、G、B三个子像素单元，或者每个子像素为单色的，使用R、G、B光源时序照明进行显示)，相对应的，所述至少两种光线中的第一光线的全部光线分别与所述至少两种光线中的第二光线的全部光线入射至所述光波导层1的入射点一一相隔、平行错开预设距离。
图7-图10中表示了两个具有不同图像信息的光线分别以相同的入射角度入射至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，但是两个光线是平行错开设置的，经过第一耦合光栅2和第二耦合光栅3的衍射后汇聚于不同的两个预设视点的光路，且不同的两个预设视点位于同一瞳孔的可视范围内。
如图7-图10所示，具有第一图像信息的第一光线以第一入射角度入射至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，经过所述第一耦合光栅2衍射后，以第一出射角度出射，并在所述光波导层1中以全反射的方式传播，经过所述第二耦合光栅3衍射后，从所述光波导层1的光线出射区域出射、并汇聚于第一预设视点。另一方面，具有第二图像信息的第二光线以与所述第一入射角度实质上相同的第二入射角度入射至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，经过所述第一光栅衍射后，以与所述第一出射角度实质上相同的第二出射角度出射，并以全反射的方式在所述光波导层1中传播，经过所述第二耦合光栅3的衍射后，从所述光波导层1的光线出射区域出射、并汇聚于第二预设视点。第一预设视点和第二预设视点位置不同，且所述第一预设视点和所述第二预设视点位于同一瞳孔的可视范围内，根据第一预设视点和所述第二预设视点通 过反向光线追迹即可获取具有三维效果的光场渲染图像，即单眼即可获得具有三维效果的渲染图像，由于该光场图像自身携带了显示场景的距离信息，可以刺激人眼聚焦距离的调节，因此可以解决单眼聚焦距离和双眼视线汇聚距离的不同所导致的观看者眩晕和不适的问题。
具体的，所述光学元件4发出的具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线入射所述光波导层1的入射角度可以根据所述光波导层1的形状设定。本实施例中，至少两种光线入射所述光波导层1的入射角度例如为-15°～15°。进一步的，为了增加所述第一耦合光栅2结构的耦合效率，减少杂散光线，所述至少两种光线入射所述光波导层1的入射角度不为零，即所述至少两种光线分别以预设角度倾斜于所述光波导层1的光线入射区域入射所述光波导层1内。
本实施例中，所述第一耦合光栅2例如包括至少两个第一区域，所述至少两个第一区域与所述至少两种光线一一对应，并且所述至少两个第一区域的数目与所述至少两种光线的数目相同。
每个所述第一区域包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层上的多个第一光栅条1001，如图12、图15和图16所示。
具体的，如图16所示，第二耦合光栅3处光栅的线条方向与第一区域21的线条方向实质上垂直，并且第二耦合光栅3处光栅的周期介于两个第一区域21处光栅周期之间(较好的设计)，或者第二耦合光栅3的周期等于第一区域21处某一光栅周期。第一区域21处各个光栅周期有差别，且该差别使得光线在第二耦合光栅3处的耦出角度，满足不同微显示的光线可以同时打入人眼的要求。
此外，如图16所示，第三耦合光栅5处光栅的线条方向与水平方向大致呈45度，并且第三耦合光栅5处光栅周期为第二耦合光栅3处光栅周期的
Figure PCTCN2018115573-appb-000001
此外，如图16所示，第一区域21的数目是两个，但是第二耦合光栅3的数目是多个，这是因为对应耦入的微投影仪，且两个微投影仪不重叠，至少两个微投影仪才能实现光场显示效果，即第二耦合光栅3处对应出瞳，为了扩大人眼(eye box)的可活动空间，需要扩展出瞳的设计，即使用多个第二耦合光栅3。
所述第一耦合光栅2包括对应于所述至少两种光线的至少两个第一区域，以使每一所述光线入射至与该光线所对应的第一区域。所述至少两种光线入射所述光波导层1上的入射点不同时，至少两个所述第一区域分开设置，由所述第一耦合光栅2上相对应的所述第一区域对所述光线进行耦合，经过所述第二耦合光栅3的耦合后分别汇聚于不同的预设视点。
在至少两个所述第一区域完全分开设置时，即可以在所述光波导层上的两个独立的区域内设置时，至少两个所述第一区域可以分别制作在至少两个光栅结构上，也可以制作在一个光栅结构上，具体制作时，可以根据实际需要设定。
所述至少两种光线分别以不同的入射角度入射至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域时，传播至所述第一耦合光栅2上的入射点存在交汇的情况。即，所述至少两种光线入射至所述第一耦合光栅2上的相同区域。也就是说，所述第一耦合光栅2上对应所述至少两种光线的所述至少两个第一区域重合，由所述第一耦合光栅2上相对应的所述第一区域对所述光线进行耦合，然后经过所述第二耦合光栅3的耦合后分别汇聚于不同的预设视点。此时，所述第一耦合光栅2结构比较复杂，需要所述第一耦合光栅2具有较宽的角度响应特性，同时需要一定的角度选择特性(可以抑制杂散信号的耦出)。
本实施例中，所述第二耦合光栅3包括至少两个第二区域，所述至少两个第二区域与经过所述第一耦合光栅耦合后形成的至少两种全反射光线一一对应。
每个所述第二区域包括间隔设置于所述光波导层上的多个套设在一起的环形光栅，且每个环形光栅包括沿该环形光栅实质上周向排布且间隔设置的多个第二光栅条1002，如图13所示。
另外，当至少两种光线经过所述第一耦合光栅2耦合后形成的至少两种全反射光线落在所述第二耦合光栅3的位置不同时(即至少两个所述第二区域31的光栅条交错设置或者至少两个所述第二区域31完全分开设置，至少两个所述第二区域不存在重叠，如图13所示)。此时，所述第二耦合光栅3结构简单，可靠性高，但需要的所述第二耦合光栅3面积大，或者对所述光波导层1的光线出射区域的空间利用率的要求不高，不利于显示的分辨率的 提升。
当至少两种光线经过所述第一耦合光栅2耦合后形成的至少两种全反射光线落在所述第二耦合光栅3的位置不同时，所述第二耦合光栅3的具体结构依据至少两种全反射光线的入射位置设定。例如，至少两种全反射光线中的第三光线的至少部分光线与所述至少两种全反射光线中的第四光线的至少部分光线入射至所述第二耦合光栅3的入射点交错设置(类似于显示器件中的像素的排布方式)，则与所述第三光线对应的区域的光栅条和与所述第四光线对应的区域的光栅条、对应所述第三光线和所述第四光线的入射点的位置交错设置。
至少两种光线经过所述第一耦合光栅2耦合后形成的至少两种全反射光线落在所述第二耦合光栅3的位置相同时(即至少两个所述第二区域重叠设置)，所述第二耦合光栅3结构比较复杂，需要所述第二耦合光栅3具有较宽的角度响应特性，同时需要一定的角度选择特性(可以抑制杂散信号的耦出)。此外还需要考虑到具有不同图像信息的光线经过衍射以及光波导层-空气界面的折射后依然均能汇聚到不同的预设视点(光场采样点)。此时，所述第二耦合光栅3面积不大，或者对所述光波导层1的光线出射区域的空间利用率要求较高，有利于显示的分辨率提升。
本实施例中，所述第二耦合光栅3包括间隔设置于所述光波导层1上的多个套设在一起的环形光栅，且每个环形光栅包括沿该环形光栅实质上周向排布且间隔设置的多个第二光栅条1002，如图13和图15所示，以便于将从所述光波导层1出射的光线打入人眼，实现较大的视场。图15表示的是第一耦合光栅和第二耦合光栅在所述光波导层中的分布示意图(并不以此为限)。具体的，图15中第一耦合光栅2包括两个独立设置的第一区域21。
所述第二耦合光栅3与所述第一耦合光栅2的原理相同，通过光栅耦合结构对所述光波导层1中传播的光线进行特定模式的耦合，可以实现对光线的出光方向和颜色(光的波长)的选择，针对所述至少两种光线包括对应的至少两个区域，以使得所述至少两种光线从所述光波导层1中出射，并汇聚于不同的预设视点。
本实施例中，所述第一耦合光栅2为反射式耦合光栅或者透射式耦合光 栅，所述第二耦合光栅3为反射式耦合光栅或者透射式耦合光栅。
具体的，图3和图9中所示，所述第一耦合光栅2和所述第二耦合光栅3均为反射式耦合光栅。图4和图7中所示，所述第一耦合光栅2和所述第二耦合光栅3均为透射式耦合光栅。图4和图6所示，所述第一耦合光栅2为反射式耦合光栅，第二耦合光栅3为透射式耦合光栅。图5和图8所示，所述第一耦合光栅2为透射式耦合光栅，第二耦合光栅3为反射式耦合光栅。
本实施例中，所述光波导层1上还设置有位于所述第一耦合光栅2和所述第二耦合光栅3之间的第三耦合光栅5，所述第三耦合光栅5用于扩大在所述光波导层1内传播的全反射光线的视场角范围，如图16所示。
本实施例中，所述第一耦合光栅2包括基本上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层1上的多个第一光栅条1001，第三耦合光栅5包括基本上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层1上的第三光栅条1003，且所述第一耦合光栅2的第一光栅条1001的设置方向与所述第三耦合光栅5的第三光栅条1003的设置方向呈预设角度，如图14和图16所示。
所述第一耦合光栅2和所述第三耦合光栅5均采用条状光栅。所述第一耦合光栅2和所述第三耦合光栅5的整个光栅区域都可以是均匀的，也都可以是包括差异化设置的不同部分，以平衡整个画面的亮度、矫正色差、像差等。并且可选的，所述第一耦合光栅2的光栅条和所述第三耦合光栅5的光栅条正交设置。
所述至少两种光线入射所述光波导层1的光线入射区域，然后经过第一耦合光栅2衍射后，分别以角度θ A和θ B出射，并在所述光波导层1中以全反射的方式传播至所述第三耦合光栅5，经过所述第三耦合光栅5的衍射后，扩大在所述光波导层1内传播的全反射光线的视场角范围，将光线分布到所述光波导层1上更大的视场区，然后经过所述第二耦合光栅3的衍射，透过所述光波导层1，汇聚于至少两个不同的预设视点，增大了视场范围。
本实施例中，所述第一耦合光栅2、所述第二耦合光栅3和所述第三耦合光栅5可以例如为全息体光栅，由全息聚合物等材料经过全息曝光形成，光栅厚度0-5mm。
所述第一耦合光栅2、所述第二耦合光栅3和所述第三耦合光栅5可以 例如为表面具有浮雕类型的介质光栅，可以为普通二元介质光栅、或非等厚多台阶光栅、或等厚多台阶光栅，可以例如由激光直写、激光干涉、电子束曝光、纳米压印等工艺形成。
所述第一耦合光栅2、所述第二耦合光栅3和所述第三耦合光栅5可以例如由(光刻或压印)胶材构成，也可以是以胶材等作为掩膜，在所述光波导层1或光波导层1上的膜层上经刻蚀形成。
所述第一耦合光栅2、所述第二耦合光栅3和所述第三耦合光栅5的折射率均需要与相邻光栅条之间的空隙中介质有明显差异(δn>0.3)，光栅条厚度例如为0-5um，或者0-1um。
需要说明的是，上述描述中所述的角度(包括入射光波导层1的光线入射区域的入射角度、经过所述第二耦合光栅3后从所述光波导层1的光线出射区域出射的出射角度等)均指在光波导层1中光线的传播角度，当光线从其他介质(例如空气)进入所述光波导层1，或从所述光波导层1出射并传播到其他介质中时，光线的角度会依照折射定律(Snell定律)发生变化，相应的光线传播或汇聚情况需要进行相应修正。
图17表示耦合光栅(第一耦合光栅2、第二耦合光栅3、第三耦合光栅5)的各级衍射光路示意图。
光栅的m级衍射波的衍射角θ仅由光栅周期P、入射波的波长λ以及入射角θ 0决定，
透射波10：n 2sinθ-n 1sinθ 0＝mλ/P(m＝0,±1,±2,…)  (1)
反射波20：n 1sinθ-n 1sinθ 0＝mλ/P(m＝0,±1,±2,…)  (2)
其中，n1为入射介质折射率，n2为透射介质折射率。
正负号选择：当透/反射衍射波和入射波处在入射面的法线异侧时，透/反射衍射波和入射波所对应的角度取同号；反之，取异号。具体正负号的选取由坐标系的选择决定。
一般情况下光栅的零级和/或一级衍射的衍射强度比较大，高阶的衍射级次相比前两者要小得多；零级衍射波是沿折射/反射光方向的(Snell定律)，非零级衍射波的衍射方向可以由光栅的周期进行调控。
在本实施例中，采用光栅的一级(反射或透射)衍射波对光线进行偏折， 根据光线的入射角和出射角决定光栅的周期，但不排除利用光栅的高级衍射。
出于调节整个显示画面的亮度、亮度均匀性、色彩均匀性、白平衡等目的，需要对光栅的衍射效率进行精细调节，光栅衍射效率的调节可以通过调节光栅的深度(高度)、占空比、或者复杂光栅内单个周期内的形貌(比如：体光栅需要在宽、深、高三个方向上调节折射率的分布，以实现需要的光调制功能、台阶光栅需要调节单个周期内台阶的分布)。
通过光栅耦合结构对所述光波导层1中传播的光线进行特定模式的耦合，可以实现对光线的出光方向和颜色的选择。本实施例中，所述至少两种光线具有不同的原色，例如，可以分别为红色光线、蓝色光线、绿色光线，所述光波导层1包括层叠设置的至少两个子光波导层。
每个所述子光波导层具有光线子入射区域和光线子出射区域，每个所述子光波导层对应于所述光线子入射区域的位置具有所述第一耦合光栅2，每个子光波导层中对应于所述光线子出射区域的位置设有所述第二耦合光栅3。其中，至少两个所述子光波导层中的第一子光波导层的所述第一耦合光栅2用于改变具有第一原色的光线的方向、以使得该光线以全反射的方式在所述第一子光波导层中传播至所述光线子出射区域。至少两个所述子光波导层中的第二子光波导层的所述第一耦合光栅2、用于改变具有第二原色(所述第一原色与所述第二原色不同)的光线的方向、以使得该光线以全反射的方式在所述第二子光波导层中传播至所述光线子出射区域。
所述光波导层1可以设置有数量与所述至少两种光线的数量相同的至少两个子光波导层，即一个所述子光波导层对应一个光线，并根据相应的光线所具有的原色在相应的所述子光波导层上设置相应的所述第一耦合光栅2。
所述光学元件4发出具有不同原色的至少三个所述光线时，每个所述子光波导层上设有所述第一耦合光栅2，所述至少两个子光波导层中的第三子光波导层上的所述第一耦合光栅2具有至少两个第三区域300，所述至少两个第三区域300对应具有不同原色的至少两种所述光线，如图15所示。
所述至少两个子光波导层中的第四子光波导层上的所述第一耦合光栅2具有至少一个第四区域400，所述第四区域400对应的所述光线的原色与所述第三区域300对应的所述光线的原色不同，如图15所示。
具有红色的光线和具有蓝色的光线之间的串扰较小，为了节省成本可以使得具有红色的光线和具有蓝色的光线在同一个所述子光波导层传播，此时，该子光波导层(第一子光波导层11)中的所述第一耦合光栅2包括对应于具有红色的光线和对应于具有蓝色的光线的两个第二区域，如图11所示，具有绿色的光线在另一个所述子光波导层(第二子光波导层12)中传播，另一个所述子光波导层中设置于具有绿色的光线对应的所述第一耦合光栅2，该第二子光波导层12中的第一耦合光栅仅对绿色光进行耦合，红色光和蓝色光会从该第一耦合光栅中透过、并传播至所述第一子光波导层11中。
在本实施例的另一实施方式中，所述光波导层1为单层设置，所述至少两种光线具有至少两种不同原色时，所述第一耦合光栅2包括至少两个不同区域，每个区域对应的光线具有一种原色，根据具有不同原色的光线在光波导层1中传播的不同轨迹，精确的设计所述第一耦合光栅2的具体结构形式，可以实现单层光波导层1的彩色化设置。
本实施例中，所述光波导层为导光板，所述导光板具有相对设置的第一侧和第二侧，所述光线入射区域和光线出射区域设置在所述导光板的同一侧的不同区域。
或者，所述光线入射区域位于所述第一侧，所述光线出射区域位于所述第二侧，且所述光线入射区域在所述第二侧上的垂直投影与所述光线出射区域位于不同的区域。
本实施例中，所述光波导层1(导光板)的材质例如为玻璃或树脂等透明材料，折射率为1.5-2.0，可选的为1.7-1.8，但并不以此为限。
本实施例中，所述光学元件4用于发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，所述光学元件4可以包括设置在所述导光板上所述光线入射区域的至少两个独立设置的显示器件，不同所述显示器件能够发出不同图像信息的光线。例如，在图3-图6中的显示装置中，包括两个所述显示器件(所述显示器件的数量可以根据实际需要设定)，一个所述显示器件发出具有第一图像信息的第一光线，另一个所述显示器件发出具有第二图像信息的第二光线。
本实施例另一实施方式中，所述光学元件4也可以包括设置在所述导光板上所述光线入射区域的一个显示器件，所述显示器件具有至少两个子显示 区域，不同所述子显示区域能够发出具有不同图像信息的光线。
采用上述方案，如图7至图10所示，所述光学元件4包括一个所述显示器件，一个所述显示器件包括两个子显示区域，一个子显示区域发出具有第一图像信息的第一光线，另一个子显示单元发出具有第二图像信息的第二光线。
所述第一耦合光栅2的具体结构形式可以有多种，只要实现改变从所述光波导层1的光线入射区域入射的至少两种光线的方向，以使得至少两种光线在所述光波导层1中以全反射的方式在所述光波导层1中传播，本实施例中，所述第一耦合光栅2包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层1上的多个第一光栅条1001，如图12所示，但并不以此为限。
在对于一个所述显示器件的至少两个子显示区域发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线时，一种光线中的至少部分光线与另一种光线中的至少部分光线实质上平行交错设置，所述第一耦合光栅2中与相应的至少两种光线对应的至少两个第一区域中，一个所述第一区域中的至少部分光栅条与另一个所述第一区域的至少部分光栅条实质上平行交错设置，对所述第一耦合中的光栅条的排布要求较高，以使得所述第一耦合光栅2中至少两个所述第一区域分别对相应的至少两种光线精准对位。
在对于至少两个所述显示器件发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线时，所述第一耦合光栅2上的所述至少两个第一区域与相应的光线对应设置。
需要说明的是，所述显示器件与所述光波导层1之间的距离可以根据实际需要进行设置，为了提高所述第一耦合光栅与所述显示器件的对位精准性，所述显示器件与所述光波导层1之间的距离较近。在本实施例中，所述显示器件的出光面与所述光波导层1的入光面相接触，如图3至图10所示，但并不以此为限。
本实施例中，所述显示器件为微显示器，可选的，所述显示器件为准直微显示器，以发出准直光线。
在一实施方式中，所述显示器件为光学引擎，但并不以此为限。
在一实施方式中，所述显示器件包括光源组件和显示芯片(如图20中的第一显示芯片600和图21中的第二显示芯片900)，所述光源组件包括至少 三种能够发出不同单色光的单色激光器芯片。
或者，所述光源组件包括至少三种能够发出不同单色光的单色LED芯片、以及将至少三种所述单色LED芯片发出的单色光进行准直的准直结构。
或者，所述光源组件包括白光LED和对白光LED发出的光线进行准直的准直结构。
所述显示芯片包括数字光处理芯片和用于将所述光源组件发出的至少三种单色光顺序入射至所述数字光处理芯片的时序控制芯片。
本实施例中，所述准直结构包括准直透镜组，但并不以此为限。
具体的，如图20所示，所述光源组件包括白光LED 300，所述准直结构包括第一准直透镜组400和第二准直透镜组700。所述显示器件还包括位于所述第一准直透镜组400和所述第二准直透镜组700之间的PBS偏振分束器件500，所述白光LED 300发出的光经过所述第一准直透镜组400准直后变成准直光，所述准直光中的部分光线经过所述PBS偏振分束器件500反射后入射至第一显示芯片600(第一显示芯片600为反射式显示器件，不能自主发光)，所述第一显示芯片600发出的光中的部分光线从所述PBS偏振分束器件500透过、并经过所述第二准直透镜组700准直后变成准直光、然后入射至所述导光板1的入射区域。
如图21所示，所述光源组件包括三种能够发出不同单色光的单色LED芯片3000，所述准直结构包括第三准直透镜组1001和第四准直透镜组1000，并且所述第三准直透镜组1001中包括与所述三种能够发出不同单色光的单色LED芯片3000一一对应的三个子准直透镜组。所述显示器件还包括位于所述第三准直透镜组1001和所述第四准直透镜组1000之间的PBS偏振分束器件组800，所述PBS偏振分束器件组800包括第一偏振分束器件和第二偏振分束器件，所述第一偏振分束器件的数量与三种能够发出不同单色光的单色LED芯片3000一一对应，所述第二PBS偏振分束器件用于对经过三个所述第一PBS偏振分束器件反射的光线中的部分光线进行第二次反射、以入射至所述第二芯片900。
三种能够发出不同单色光的单色LED芯片3000发出的光经过所述第三准直透镜组1001准直后变成准直光，所述准直光经过所述PBS偏振分束器 件组800后入射至所述第二显示芯片900(第二显示芯片900为反射式显示器件，不能自主发光)，所述第二显示芯片900发出的光中的部分光线从所述第二PBS偏振分束器件透过、并经过所述第四准直透镜组1000准直后变成准直光、然后入射至所述导光板1的入射区域。
另一实施方式中，所述显示器件包括微型OLED显示器件200、以及将所述微型OLED显示器件发出的光线进行准直的准直结构，如图19所示。另外，图19中所述准直结构包括第五准直透镜组100，但并不以此为限。
图18为光场显示光路示意图，该三维场景模型包括依次排布的虚拟三维物体01、虚拟显示屏02、位于同一个虚拟瞳孔上的至少两个虚拟视点M1和M2(仅表示了单眼获取三维显示效果的画面的光路)。
通过所述光波导层1、所述第一耦合光栅2和所述第二耦合光栅3，将具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线分别汇聚于至少两个不同预设视点，且至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内，在每个预设视点所对应的像素上分别加载相应的光场画面形成具有不同图像信息的光线(对应于同一显示场景的在每个视点所能分别观测到的不同画面)。因此，在这些预设视点(光场采样点)以离散的方式，再现了相应3D景深场景(物体01)在瞳孔附近(瞳孔内或位于瞳孔前预设距离的位置)所产生的光场，使得人眼的晶状体处在某一汇聚状态时(该汇聚状态恰好为人眼在现实环境中观察对应于显示场景的真实场景时所具有的汇聚状态)，这些画面通过人眼光学系统成像后恰好在视网膜上形成一幅共同的像(该像恰好为人眼在现实环境中观察对应于显示场景的真实场景时所形成的视网膜上的像)，即实现了单眼的聚焦3D显示效果，人眼可以通过改变晶状体的聚焦状态来实现对显示场景的选择性聚焦，达到了可以选择不同距离不同方位不同景深场景的选择性观看。
目前公开的大部分光场显示样机一般都具有比较大的体积(处在模型验证阶段，以光学平台上搭建的样机为主)，或者光路设计不适合作为AR显示(不能透视(例如，Lanman，2013，NVIDIA)或显示装置透过率太低，比如多层LCD(液晶显示器)的设计(例如，Wetzstein，MIT))。本公开的各个实施例利用全息波导显示技术实现了一种光场显示，在头戴式显示装置(尤其是AR)中的使用，相比传统的折射光学器件而言，可以极大的改善器件的 集成度以及便携性，具有较佳的商业化前景。
本公开实施例还提供一种显示方法，应用于上述的显示装置，包括：
光学元件发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，并将所述至少两种光线以不同传播模式传播至所述光波导层1的光线入射区域；
第一耦合光栅2改变入射至所述光波导层1中的所述至少两种光线的传播方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层1中以例如全反射的方式向所述光波导层1的光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
第二耦合光栅3将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的例如全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的例如全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，且所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内，使得一个瞳孔获取至少两个图像。
相应的，通过所述第一耦合光栅2的设置，使得入射至所述光波导层1中的所述至少两种光线改变方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层1中以全反射的方式向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播。另外，通过所述第二耦合光栅3的设置，将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，且所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内。位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内的至少两个预设视点构成一个视点组，不同的视点组位于不同的瞳孔的可视范围内。这样一来，当显示模组在针对至少两个不同的预设视点显示至少两个渲染画面时，位于一个瞳孔可视范围中的视点组中的至少两个预设视点至少可以获取两个渲染画面，从而使得一个瞳孔即可获取具有三维效果的渲染图像。并且，在显示合适的至少两个渲染画面的情况下，能够使得单个瞳孔对位于该瞳孔可视范围内的视点组所获取的渲染图像的聚焦距离，与两个瞳孔分别通过对应瞳孔可视范围内的视点组获取具有三维效果的渲染图像时的视线汇聚距离基本上一致，从而解决视差3D技术中的眩晕问题，即该光场三维显示装置能够对单眼聚焦距离与双眼视线汇聚距离基本上一致提供硬件支持。
本实施例中的显示装置可以应用于裸眼3D显示，在左右眼上分别均形成至少两个视点。本实施例中的显示装置也可以应用于眼镜3D显示，采用左右眼各一只镜片或同一镜片覆盖左右眼的设计，在左右眼上分别均形成至少两个视点。
通过和双眼的视差3D技术结合，对于所显示的同一物体，通过将单眼的聚焦距离调整到双眼的汇聚距离，实现单眼的聚焦距离和双眼的汇聚距离的一致性，从而有效地解决当前视差3D技术的眩晕问题。值得注意的是，一般本实施例显示方法只针对约2m之内的虚拟场景，调整单眼的聚焦距离，2m之外的虚拟场景视差3D技术基本无眩晕问题，一般不需再调整单眼的聚焦距离。
以上所述为本公开的可选实施例，需要说明的是，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本公开保护范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种显示装置，包括：
    光波导层，所述光波导层具有光线入射区域和光线出射区域；
    光学元件，用于发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，所述光学元件对应设置于所述光线入射区域，能够将所述至少两种光线传播至所述光波导层的光线入射区域；
    第一耦合光栅，设置在所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层的传播路径上，用于使入射至所述光波导层中的所述至少两种光线改变方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层中向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
    第二耦合光栅，设置在所述光波导层中且对应所述光线出射区域，用于将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，将所述至少两种光线中具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一耦合光栅使入射至所述光波导层中的所述至少两种光线改变方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层中以全反射的方式向所述光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
    所述第二耦合光栅将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，将所述至少两种光线中具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的全反射光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一耦合光栅包括至少两个第一区域，所述至少两个第一区域与所述至少两种光线一一对应，并且所述至少两个第一区域的数目与所述至少两种光线的数目相同；并且
    每个所述第一区域包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层上的一个或多个第一光栅条。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二耦合光栅包括至少两个第二区域，所述至少两个第二区域与经过所述第一耦合光栅耦合后 形成的至少两种光线一一对应；并且
    每个所述第二区域包括间隔设置于所述光波导层上的多个套设在一起的环形光栅，且每个环形光栅包括沿该环形光栅实质上周向排布且间隔设置的一个或多个第二光栅条。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一耦合光栅为反射式耦合光栅或者透射式耦合光栅，并且所述第二耦合光栅为反射式耦合光栅或者透射式耦合光栅。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述至少两个耦合光栅还包括位于所述第一耦合光栅和所述第二耦合光栅之间的第三耦合光栅，所述第三耦合光栅用于扩大在所述光波导层内传播的光线的视场角范围。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一耦合光栅包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层上的一个或多个第一光栅条，第三耦合光栅包括实质上平行且间隔设置于所述光波导层上的一个或多个第三光栅条，且所述第一耦合光栅的一个或多个第一光栅条的设置方向与所述第三耦合光栅的一个或多个第三光栅条的设置方向呈预设角度。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述至少两种光线具有不同的原色，所述光波导层包括层叠设置的至少两个子光波导层，
    每个所述子光波导层具有光线子入射区域和光线子出射区域，每个子光波导层中对应于所述光线子入射区域的位置设有所述第一耦合光栅，每个子光波导层中对应于所述光线子出射区域的位置设有所述第二耦合光栅；
    其中，至少两个所述子光波导层中的第一子光波导层所对应的所述第一耦合光栅，用于改变具有第一原色的光线的方向，以使得该光线在所述第一子光波导层中传播至所述光线子出射区域；并且
    至少两个所述子光波导层中的第二子光波导层所对应的所述第一耦合光栅，用于改变具有第二原色的光线的方向，以使得该光线在所述第二子光波导层中传播至所述光线子出射区域。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示装置，其中，所述光学元件发出具有不同原色的至少三种所述光线，每个所述子光波导层上设有所述第一耦合光栅；
    所述至少两个子光波导层中的第三子光波导层上的所述第一耦合光栅具有至少两个第三区域，所述至少两个第三区域对应具有不同原色的至少两种所述光线；并且
    所述至少两个子光波导层中的第四子光波导层所对应的所述第一耦合光栅具有至少一个第四区域，所述第四区域对应的所述光线的原色与所述第三区域对应的所述光线的原色不同。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述光波导层为导光板，所述导光板具有相对设置的第一侧和第二侧，所述光线入射区域和光线出射区域设置在所述导光板的同一侧的不同区域。
  11. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述光波导层为导光板，所述导光板具有相对设置的第一侧和第二侧，所述光线入射区域位于所述第一侧，所述光线出射区域位于所述第二侧，且所述光线入射区域在所述第二侧上的垂直投影与所述光线出射区域位于不同的区域。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述光学元件包括设置在所述导光板上所述光线入射区域的至少两个显示器件，不同所述显示器件能够发出不同图像信息的光线。
  13. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述光学元件包括设置在所述导光板上所述光线入射区域的一个显示器件，所述一个显示器件具有至少两个子显示区域，不同所述子显示区域能够发出具有不同图像信息的光线。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示器件为微显示器，所述微显示器包括光源组件和显示芯片，所述光源组件包括至少三种能够发出不同单色光的单色激光器芯片。
  15. 根据权利要求12或13所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示器件为微显示器，所述微显示器包括光源组件和显示芯片，所述光源组件包括至少三种能够发出不同单色光的单色LED芯片、以及将至少三种所述单色LED芯片发出的单色光进行准直的准直结构。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示芯片包括数字光处理芯片和用于将所述光源组件发出的至少三种单色光顺序入射至所 述数字光处理芯片的时序控制芯片。
  17. 根据权利要求12或13所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示器件为光学引擎。
  18. 根据权利要求12或13所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示器件包括微型OLED显示器件、以及将所述微型OLED显示器件发出的光线进行准直的准直结构。
  19. 一种显示方法，所述显示方法应用于权利要求1至18中任一项所述的显示装置，所述显示方法包括：
    光学元件发出具有不同图像信息的至少两种光线，并将所述至少两种光线传播至光波导层的光线入射区域；
    改变入射至所述光波导层中的所述至少两种光线的传播方向，以使所述至少两种光线在所述光波导层中向所述光波导层的光线出射区域所在方向传播；以及
    将所述至少两种光线中具有相同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于同一视点，将所述至少两种光线中具有不同图像信息的光线所形成的光线从所述光线出射区域出射并汇聚于不同视点，以形成至少两个预设视点，且所述至少两个预设视点位于同一个瞳孔的可视范围内。
PCT/CN2018/115573 2018-03-23 2018-11-15 显示装置及显示方法 Ceased WO2019179136A1 (zh)

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