WO2019184849A1 - 汽车、动力电池组的均衡方法和装置 - Google Patents

汽车、动力电池组的均衡方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019184849A1
WO2019184849A1 PCT/CN2019/079454 CN2019079454W WO2019184849A1 WO 2019184849 A1 WO2019184849 A1 WO 2019184849A1 CN 2019079454 W CN2019079454 W CN 2019079454W WO 2019184849 A1 WO2019184849 A1 WO 2019184849A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacity
equalization
power battery
battery pack
cells
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/079454
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯天宇
邓林旺
吕纯
林思岐
杨子华
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to EP19777123.1A priority Critical patent/EP3761475A4/en
Priority to US17/042,774 priority patent/US11628743B2/en
Publication of WO2019184849A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184849A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
    • H02J7/82—Control of state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/30—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles
    • H02J2105/33—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles
    • H02J2105/37—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of automotive technology, and in particular, to an equalization method for a power battery pack, an equalization device for a power battery pack, and an automobile having the same.
  • the power battery (such as lithium ion) monomer voltage is only a few volts, the monomer capacity is relatively small, whether it is in the application of electric vehicle power source or in the field of standby power supply, the electrical characteristics of the power battery unit can not meet the working conditions.
  • the life, capacity, and power of the battery pack depend on the worst performing single cell, thus shortening the life of the battery pack.
  • a top-aligned equalization strategy is proposed to align the high voltage ends of the cells by discharging the high-voltage cells.
  • the judgment condition of the equalization on is based on the voltage difference between the cells of the battery pack.
  • the BMS Battery Management System
  • the equalization turn-on time is when the voltage difference between the cells is greater than the preset value. For example, when the highest voltage battery reaches 3.6V, all the batteries are compared with the lowest battery voltage. When the voltage difference ⁇ V>100mV, the equalization is turned on, and the equalization time is 10h.
  • the battery pack needs to be fully charged, that is, it must be fully charged and the charging protection threshold is triggered before the top balancing strategy can be activated;
  • the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above technology to some extent.
  • the first object of the present disclosure is to provide an equalization method for a power battery pack, which can achieve balanced management of the power battery pack, thereby improving utilization of the power battery pack and prolonging the service life of the power battery pack.
  • a second object of the present disclosure is to provide an equalization device for a power battery pack.
  • a third object of the present disclosure is to propose a car.
  • an embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for equalizing a power battery pack, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring a high voltage inflection point of a charging curve of a single battery of the power battery pack; The high voltage inflection point of the unit cell obtains the capacity of the unit cell; the unit cell is equalized according to the capacity of the unit cell.
  • the equalization method of the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present disclosure the high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of the unit battery of the power battery pack is obtained, and the capacity of the unit battery is obtained according to the high voltage inflection point of the unit battery, and according to the unit battery The capacity is balanced for the individual cells. Therefore, the method can realize the balanced management of the power battery pack, thereby improving the utilization rate of the power battery pack and prolonging the service life of the power battery pack.
  • the equalization method of the power battery pack proposed according to the above embodiment of the present disclosure may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the obtaining a high voltage inflection point of a charging curve of the single battery of the power battery pack specifically includes: performing a first-order derivation of the charging curve to obtain the high voltage inflection point.
  • the equalizing the plurality of single cells according to the capacity of the plurality of single cells specifically includes: acquiring a maximum capacity of the single cells, and the power battery pack An average capacity of the unit cells; an equalization capacity is generated according to the maximum capacity of the unit cells and the average capacity; and the unit cells are equalized according to the equalization capacity.
  • the equalizing the single battery according to the equalization capacity specifically includes: acquiring an equalization current; generating an equalization time according to the equalization current and the equalization capacity; and according to the equalization capacity and The equalization time equalizes the unit cells.
  • the capacity of the cell on the most extreme side of the unit cells of the power battery pack is taken as the maximum capacity.
  • the method before equalizing the single cells, the method further includes: obtaining a capacity difference between the maximum capacity and a capacity of each of the single cells; determining, according to the capacity difference Whether there is a SOC misalignment.
  • an embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides an equalization device for a power battery pack, the device comprising: a first acquisition module, configured to acquire a high charging curve of a single battery of the power battery pack a voltage inflection point; a second acquisition module, configured to acquire a capacity of the single battery according to the high voltage inflection point of the single battery; and a control module, configured to: the single battery according to a capacity of the single battery Balance.
  • the high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of the single battery of the power battery pack is acquired by the first acquisition module, and the high voltage inflection point is obtained according to the single battery by the second acquisition module.
  • the capacity of the battery, the control module equalizes the cells according to the capacity of the cells.
  • the equalization device of the power battery pack proposed according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the obtaining, by the first obtaining module, the high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of the single battery of the power battery pack comprises: performing a first-order derivation of the charging curve to obtain the high voltage Inflection point.
  • the balancing, by the control module, the single battery according to the capacity of the single battery specifically includes: acquiring a maximum capacity of the single battery, and a single of the power battery An average capacity of the bulk battery; an equalized capacity is generated according to a maximum capacity of the single battery and the average capacity; and the unit cells are equalized according to the equalized capacity.
  • the balancing, by the control module, the single battery according to the equalization capacity includes: acquiring an equalization current; generating an equalization time according to the equalization current and the equalization capacity; The unit cell is equalized by the capacity and the equalization time.
  • the capacity of the cell on the most extreme side of the unit cells of the power battery pack is taken as the maximum capacity.
  • control module before the equalizing the single cells, is further configured to acquire a capacity difference between the maximum capacity and a capacity of each of the single cells; Whether or not the SOC misalignment occurs is determined based on the capacity difference.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure proposes an automobile including the above-described equalization device of the power battery pack.
  • the equalization management of the power battery pack can be realized by the equalization device of the power battery pack described above, thereby improving the utilization rate of the power battery pack and prolonging the service life of the power battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an equalization method of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging curve of a unit cell and a derivative curve thereof according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 3a-3c are schematic diagrams of equalization of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a block schematic diagram of an equalization device of a power battery pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a block schematic diagram of a car in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of equalization of a power battery pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the power battery pack may include a plurality of single cells connected in series, wherein the single cells may be lithium batteries.
  • the equalization method of the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present disclosure may include the following steps:
  • the BMS collects and records the parameters of each single battery in real time, which may include: total voltage, total current, voltage of each single battery, temperature of each single battery, etc., for judging power Whether the battery pack is overcharged, overdischarged, over temperature, short circuit, etc., and the data is preprocessed according to different charging current, temperature, SOC, etc. and stored to the cloud server for backup.
  • the curve under the current parameters is retrieved from the BMS and processed by one or several algorithms in the filtering, integration, differentiation, fitting, wavelet analysis, and neural network to obtain the charging curve of the single battery of the power battery pack. .
  • obtaining the high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of the single battery of the power battery pack specifically includes: performing a first-order derivation of the charging curve to obtain a high voltage inflection point.
  • dVdQ is derived to obtain a first-order derivation curve.
  • the inflection point is called the low voltage inflection point V LVTP , and then enters the MVP (Middle Voltage Platform) phase; when the BMS detects a peak whose peak exceeds the preset threshold At the inflection point, the inflection point is called the high voltage inflection point V HVTP , and then enters the HVP (High Voltage Platform) stage.
  • the inflection point is called the high voltage inflection point V HVTP , and then enters the HVP (High Voltage Platform) stage.
  • the second inflection point is a high voltage inflection point. According to the above method, a high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of each unit cell of the power battery pack can be obtained.
  • balancing the single cells according to the capacity of the single cells may specifically include: obtaining the maximum capacity of the single cells, and the average capacity of the single cells of the power battery, according to the single cells The maximum capacity and the average capacity generate equalized capacity, and the cells are equalized according to the equalized capacity.
  • balancing the single cells according to the equalization capacity specifically includes: acquiring an equalization current, generating an equalization time according to the equalization current and the equalization capacity, and equalizing the single cells according to the equalization capacity and the equalization time.
  • the capacity of the unit cell on the most end side of the unit cell is taken as the maximum capacity.
  • the capacity of the single cell of the rightmost end of the series cell (for example, the end as the positive output end) can be regarded as the maximum capacity, which is denoted as Q(max).
  • the capacity of each unit cell is recorded as Q(n), and n is a positive integer.
  • Q'(n) (Q(1) + Q(2) + ... + Q(n)) / n.
  • the equalization method of the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present disclosure does not need to perform the equalization strategy when the power battery pack is fully charged, and runs the derivation algorithm during the charging process of the power battery pack or at the end of charging, by acquiring the high voltage inflection point. And obtaining the maximum capacity and the average capacity of the single battery according to the high voltage inflection point to obtain the equalized capacity, and then obtaining the equalization time according to the equalized capacity and the equalized current to equalize the single cells according to the equalization time and the equalized capacity, thereby improving The utilization of the power battery pack extends the service life of the power battery pack.
  • the method before equalizing the single cells, the method further includes: obtaining a capacity difference between a maximum capacity and a capacity of each of the single cells, and determining whether a SOC misalignment occurs according to the capacity difference.
  • the purpose of equalization is to eliminate SOC misalignment.
  • the box size represents the available capacity of the two cells
  • the padding area represents the maximum capacity that can be discharged after the two cells are connected in series.
  • the SOC misalignment the capacity of the top of the two cell cells to be charged later/the total capacity of the power battery pack before alignment.
  • the equalization strategy described above is executed, the equalization capacity is generated according to the maximum capacity and the average capacity, and the equalization time is obtained according to the equalization capacity and the equalization current, and the plurality of single cells are equalized according to the equalization capacity and the equalization time.
  • the two series connected single cells shown in FIG. 3a are taken as an example. If it is judged that the SOC misalignment occurs in the two single cells, the equalization strategy described above is performed, and the top or bottom end of the two single cells are pulled to the state shown in FIG. 3b, so that the two cells have a top portion without a filling portion. Continue charging to the state shown in Figure 3c, thereby increasing the usable capacity of the power battery pack, so that the battery with the smallest capacity on the right side will increase the DED (Depth Of Discharge) to 100% at the next discharge.
  • DED Depth Of Discharge
  • FIG. 3a - FIG. 3c are only one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the equalization strategy adopted is the same, and the maximum capacity of the single battery is used as a reference. This is not illustrated here.
  • the equalization method of the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present disclosure can ensure that the DOD of the single battery with the smallest capacity is maximized, the service life of other single cells is prolonged, and the SOC misalignment can be accurately known, and the alignment is improved once and improved. Equilibrium efficiency to improve the consistency and efficiency of power battery packs.
  • the equalization method of the power battery pack according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of each unit cell is obtained, and the capacity of the unit cell is obtained according to the high voltage inflection point of the unit cell, and according to The capacity of the single cells equalizes the individual cells. Therefore, the method can realize the balanced management of the power battery pack, thereby improving the utilization rate of the power battery pack and prolonging the service life of the power battery pack.
  • the power battery pack may include a plurality of unit cells in series.
  • the equalization device of the power battery pack of the embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a first acquisition module 10, a second acquisition module 20, and a control module 30.
  • the first obtaining module 10 is configured to acquire a high voltage inflection point of a charging curve of the single battery of the power battery.
  • the second obtaining module 20 is configured to obtain the capacity of the single battery according to the high voltage inflection point of the single battery.
  • the control module 30 is configured to equalize the single cells according to the capacity of the single cells.
  • the obtaining, by the first obtaining module 10, the high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of the single battery of the power battery pack comprises: performing a first-order derivation of the charging curve to obtain a high voltage inflection point.
  • the balancing of the plurality of single cells by the control module 30 according to the capacity of the plurality of single cells specifically includes: obtaining the maximum capacity of the multi-cell battery, and the average of the single cells of the power battery pack.
  • the capacity is equalized according to the maximum capacity and average capacity of the single cells, and the cells are equalized according to the equalized capacity.
  • the balancing of the plurality of single cells by the control module 30 according to the equalization capacity includes: acquiring an equalization current, generating an equalization time according to the equalization current and the equalization capacity, and performing the single cell according to the equalization capacity and the equalization time. balanced.
  • the capacity of the unit cell on the most end side of the unit cells of the power battery pack is taken as the maximum capacity.
  • control module 30 before balancing the single cells, is further configured to obtain a capacity difference between the maximum capacity and the capacity of each of the single cells, and determine whether the SOC occurs according to the capacity difference. dislocation.
  • the high voltage inflection point of the charging curve of the single battery of the power battery pack is acquired by the first acquisition module, and the high voltage inflection point is obtained according to the single battery by the second acquisition module.
  • the capacity of the battery, the control module equalizes the cells according to the capacity of the cells.
  • FIG. 5 is a block schematic diagram of a car in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, an embodiment of the present disclosure also proposes an automobile 100 including an equalization device 110 of the above-described power battery pack.
  • the equalization management of the power battery pack can be realized by the equalization device of the power battery pack described above, thereby improving the utilization rate of the power battery pack and prolonging the service life of the power battery pack.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed”, and the like, are to be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated or defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical connection, or can be electrical connection; can be directly connected, or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood by those skilled in the art on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本公开公开了一种汽车、动力电池组的均衡方法和装置，所述方法包括以下步骤：获取动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点，并根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量，以及根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡。由此，能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。

Description

汽车、动力电池组的均衡方法和装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201810288760.5，申请日为2018年03月30日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及汽车技术领域，特别涉及一种动力电池组的均衡方法、一种动力电池组的均衡装置以及一种具有该装置的汽车。
背景技术
动力电池(如锂离子)单体电压只有几伏，单体容量比较小，无论是在电动汽车动力源的应用，还是在备用电源领域的应用，动力电池单体的电气特性都无法满足工作条件下负荷对电压和电流的需求。因此，为了提高动力电池的容量及电压，需要将若干个单体电池串联成组使用，目前，串联电池组在电动汽车、备用电源领域已经得到了广泛的应用。
电池成组使用后，电池组的寿命、容量和功率等取决于性能最差的单体电池，因此缩短了电池组的寿命。
相关技术中，提出了一种顶端对齐均衡策略，通过对电压高的单体进行放电，将各节电池的高电压末端对齐。均衡开启的判断条件基于电池包单体间的电压差。BMS(Battery Management System，电池管理系统)首先记录满充下各单体的充电截止电压，然后根据电压差计算需开启的均衡时间，均衡开启的时机为单体间电压差大于预设值时。例如，当电压最高节电池达到3.6V时，所有电池与最低节电池电压比较，当电压差△V>100mV时，开启均衡，均衡时间10h。
但是，上述均衡策略存在以下缺点：
(1)需要对电池包进行满充，即必须充满电、触发充电保护阈值之后，方能启动顶端均衡策略；
(2)无法准确预知SOC(State Of Charge，电池荷电状态)错位；
(3)若SOC错位较大时，无法一次性完成对齐。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本公开的第一 个目的在于提出一种动力电池组的均衡方法，能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
本公开的第二个目的在于提出一种动力电池组的均衡装置。
本公开的第三个目的在于提出一种汽车。
为达到上述目的，本公开第一方面实施例提出了一种动力电池组的均衡方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点；根据所述单体电池的所述高电压拐点获取所述单体电池的容量；根据所述单体电池的容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法，获取动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点，并根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量，以及根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡。由此，该方法能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
另外，根据本公开上述实施例提出的动力电池组的均衡方法还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点具体包括：对所述充电曲线进行一阶求导以获取所述高电压拐点。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述根据所述多个单体电池的容量对所述多个单体电池进行均衡具体包括：获取所述单体电池中最大的容量，以及所述动力电池组的单体电池的平均容量；根据所述单体电池中最大的容量和所述平均容量生成均衡容量；根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡具体包括：获取均衡电流；根据所述均衡电流和所述均衡容量生成均衡时间；根据所述均衡容量和所述均衡时间对所述单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，将所述动力电池组的单体电池中最端侧的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量。
根据本公开的一个实施例，在对所述单体电池进行均衡之前，还包括：获取所述最大的容量与所述每个单体电池的容量之间的容量差；根据所述容量差判断是否出现SOC错位。
为达到上述目的，本公开第二方面实施例提出了一种动力电池组的均衡装置，所述装置包括：第一获取模块，用于获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点；第二获取模块，用于根据所述单体电池的所述高电压拐点获取所述单体电池的容量；控制模块，用于根据所述单体电池的容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡装置，通过第一获取模块获取动力电池组的单 体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点，并通过第二获取模块根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量，控制模块根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡。由此，该装置能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
另外，根据本公开上述实施例提出的动力电池组的均衡装置还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述第一获取模块获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点具体包括：对所述充电曲线进行一阶求导以获取所述高电压拐点。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述控制模块根据所述单体电池的容量对所述单体电池进行均衡具体包括：获取所述单体电池中最大的容量，以及所述动力电池组的单体电池的平均容量；根据所述单体电池中最大的容量和所述平均容量生成均衡容量；根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述控制模块根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡具体包括：获取均衡电流；根据所述均衡电流和所述均衡容量生成均衡时间；根据所述均衡容量和所述均衡时间对所述单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，将所述动力电池组的单体电池中最端侧的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量。
根据本公开的一个实施例，在对所述单体电池进行均衡之前，所述控制模块，还用于，获取所述最大的容量与所述每个单体电池的容量之间的容量差；根据所述容量差判断是否出现SOC错位。
为达到上述目的，本公开第三方面实施例提出了一种汽车，其包括上述的动力电池组的均衡装置。
本公开实施例的汽车，通过上述的动力电池组的均衡装置，能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法的流程图；
图2是根据本公开一个实施例的单体电池的充电曲线及其导数曲线的示意图；
图3a-图3c是根据本公开一个实施例的动力电池组的均衡示意图；
图4是根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡装置的方框示意图；
图5是根据本公开实施例的汽车的方框示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
下面结合附图来描述根据本公开实施例提出的动力电池组的均衡方法、动力电池组的均衡装置以及具有该装置的汽车。
图1是根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法的流程图。
在本公开的实施例中，动力电池组可包括多个串联的单体电池，其中，单体电池可以为锂电池。
如图1所示，本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法可包括以下步骤：
S1，获取动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点。
其中，在汽车的BMS中，预先存储多条每个单体电池在不同温度、倍率、老化程度下的V-Q、V-SOC、V-SOE(State Of Energy，电池能量状态)、OCV(Open Circuit Voltage开路电压)-Q、OCV-SOC、OCV-SOE曲线，其中，V表示单体电压，Q表示单体容量，其中，Q的单位一般为Ah、或mAh表示。
在动力电池组充电时，BMS实时采集并记录每个单体电池的参数，可包括：总电压、总电流、每个单体电池的电压、每个单体电池的温度等，用于判断动力电池组是否过充、过放、过温、短路等，并根据不同的充电电流、温度、SOC等对数据进行预处理并存储至云端服务器备用。从BMS中调取当前参数下的曲线，并通过滤波、积分、微分、拟合、小波分析、神经网络中的一种或几种算法进行处理，以获得动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线。
在本公开的一个实施例中，获取动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点具体包括：对充电曲线进行一阶求导以获取高电压拐点。
在获取单体电池的充电曲线后，对其进行一阶求导，即dVdQ求导，以获得一阶求导曲线。当BMS检测到最后一个峰值为正的曲线拐点时，称该拐点为低电压拐点V LVTP，随后进入MVP(Middle Voltage Platform，中压平台充电)阶段；当BMS检测到峰值超出预设阈值的曲线拐点时，称该拐点为高电压拐点V HVTP，随后进入HVP(High Voltage Platform，高压平台充电)阶段。例如，如图2所示，在求导曲线中出现两个拐点，第二个拐点即为高电压拐点。按照上述方法，可获得动力电池组的每个单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点。
S2，根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量。其中，在获取单个电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点后，可获得高电压拐点对应的单体电池的容量，并且高电压拐点对应的单体电池的容量值不同。
S3，根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡具体可包括：获取单体电池中最大的容量，以及动力电池组的单体电池的平均容量，根据单体电池中最大的容量和平均容量生成均衡容量，根据均衡容量对单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，根据均衡容量对单体电池进行均衡具体包括：获取均衡电流，根据均衡电流和均衡容量生成均衡时间，根据均衡容量和均衡时间对单体电池进行均衡。
在本公开的一个实施例中，将单体电池中最端侧的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量。例如，当单体电池以串联方式组成动力电池组时，可将串联的单体电池最右端(如作为正输出端的一端)的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量，记为Q(max)，每个单体电池的容量记为Q(n)，n为正整数。
在根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量后，将单体电池中最右端的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量，并获取多个单体电池的平均容量，记为Q＇(n)，其中，Q＇(n)＝(Q(1)+Q(2)+…+Q(n))/n。由此，可获得需要均衡容量ΔQ，ΔQ＝Q(max)-Q＇(n)。同时，还获取均衡电流I 均衡，并根据公式t＝ΔQ/I 均衡计算获得均衡时间t，并更新均衡参数(包括均衡时间和均衡容量)，然后根据最新的均衡时间t和均衡容量ΔQ对单体电池进行均衡。
由此，本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法，无需在动力电池组充满电的情况下执行均衡策略，在动力电池组充电过程中或者充电结束时运行求导算法，通过获取高电压拐点，并根据高电压拐点获取单体电池中最大的容量和平均容量，以获取均衡容量，然后根据均衡容量和均衡电流获取均衡时间，以根据均衡时间和均衡容量对单体电池进行均衡，从而提高动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
根据本公开的一个实施例，在对单体电池进行均衡之前，还包括：获取最大的容量与每个单体电池的容量之间的容量差，根据容量差判断是否出现SOC错位。
需要说明的是，均衡的目的是消除SOC错位。以串联的两个单体电池为例(如图3a所示)，方框大小分别代表两个单体电池的可用容量，填充区域代表两节电池串联后可以放出的最大容量。当出现SOC错位，如顶端和底端都没有对齐，导致串联的两个单体电池在放电时，只能将两个方框横向重叠的部分(即填充区域)部分容量放出，而剩余区域(无填充)的容量无法释放出来。
在获取最大的容量和每个单体电池的容量之后，计算最大的容量与每个单体电池的容量之间的容量差值，如，最大的容量Q(max)与第一个单体电池的容量Q(1)之间的容量差值为：Q(max)-Q(1)，根据容量差值即可判断是否出现SOC错位。例如，以图3a- 图3c所示的两个单体电池为例，SOC错位＝两个单体电池顶端对其后多充入的容量/对齐之前动力电池组的总容量。如果判断SOC错位，则执行上述的均衡策略，根据最大的容量和平均容量生成均衡容量，并根据均衡容量和均衡电流获取均衡时间，以及根据均衡容量和均衡时间对多个单体电池进行均衡。
举例而言，以图3a所示的两个串联的单体电池为例。如果判断两个单体电池出现SOC错位，执行上述的均衡策略，将两个单体电池的顶端或底端拉齐至图3b所示的状态，这样两节电池还有顶端无填充区域部分可以继续充电至图3c所示的状态，从而提高了动力电池组的可用容量，这样容量最小的右边这节电池在下次放电时，放电深度DOD(Depth Of Discharge，放电深度)会增加至100％。
需要说明的是，图3a-图3c仅作为本公开的一个实施例，当单体电池的个数大于等于三个时，采用的均衡策略相同，以最大的容量的单体电池为基准，具体这里不再举例说明。
由此，本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法，能够保证容量最小的单体电池的DOD最大，其它单体电池的使用寿命延长，并且，可以准确得知SOC错位，一次完成对齐，提高均衡效率，从而提高动力电池组的一致性和使用效率。
综上所述，根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法，获取每个单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点，并根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量，以及根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡。由此，该方法能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
图4是根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡装置的方框示意图。在本公开的一个实施例中，动力电池组可包括多个串联的单体电池。
如图4所示，本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡装置可包括：第一获取模块10、第二获取模块20和控制模块30。
其中，第一获取模块10用于获取动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点。第二获取模块20用于根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量。控制模块30用于根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，第一获取模块10获取动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点具体包括：对充电曲线进行一阶求导以获取高电压拐点。
根据本公开的一个实施例，控制模块30根据多个单体电池的容量对多个单体电池进行均衡具体包括：获取多单体电池中最大的容量，以及动力电池组的单体电池的平均容量，根据单体电池中最大的容量和平均容量生成均衡容量，根据均衡容量对单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，控制模块30根据均衡容量对多个单体电池进行均衡具体包括：获取均衡电流，根据均衡电流和均衡容量生成均衡时间，根据均衡容量和均衡时间对 单体电池进行均衡。
根据本公开的一个实施例，将动力电池组的单体电池中最端侧的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量。
根据本公开的一个实施例，在对单体电池进行均衡之前，控制模块30，还用于，获取最大的容量与每个单体电池的容量之间的容量差，根据容量差判断是否出现SOC错位。
需要说明的是，本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡装置中未披露的细节，请参照本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡方法中所披露的细节，具体这里不再赘述。
根据本公开实施例的动力电池组的均衡装置，通过第一获取模块获取动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点，并通过第二获取模块根据单体电池的高电压拐点获取单体电池的容量，控制模块根据单体电池的容量对单体电池进行均衡。由此，该装置能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
图5是根据本公开实施例的汽车的方框示意图。如图5所示，本公开的实施例还提出了一种汽车100，包括上述的动力电池组的均衡装置110。
本公开实施例的汽车，通过上述的动力电池组的均衡装置，能够实现对动力电池组的均衡管理，从而提高了动力电池组的利用率，延长了动力电池组的使用寿命。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特 征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种动力电池组的均衡方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点；
    根据所述单体电池的所述高电压拐点获取所述单体电池的容量；
    根据所述单体电池的容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的动力电池组的均衡方法，其特征在于，所述获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点具体包括：
    对所述充电曲线进行一阶求导以获取所述高电压拐点。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的动力电池组的均衡方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述单体电池的容量对所述单体电池进行均衡具体包括：
    获取所述单体电池中最大的容量，以及所述动力电池组的单体电池的平均容量；
    根据所述单体电池中最大的容量和所述平均容量生成均衡容量；
    根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的动力电池组的均衡方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡具体包括：
    获取均衡电流；
    根据所述均衡电流和所述均衡容量生成均衡时间；
    根据所述均衡容量和所述均衡时间对所述单体电池进行均衡。
  5. 如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的动力电池组的均衡方法，其特征在于，将所述动力电池组的单体电池中最端侧的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量。
  6. 如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的动力电池组的均衡方法，其特征在于，在对所述单体电池进行均衡之前，还包括：
    获取所述最大的容量与所述每个单体电池的容量之间的容量差；
    根据所述容量差判断是否出现SOC错位。
  7. 一种动力电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    第一获取模块，用于获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点；
    第二获取模块，用于根据所述单体电池的所述高电压拐点获取所述单体电池的容量；
    控制模块，用于根据所述单体电池的容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的动力电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于，所述第一获取模块获取所述动力电池组的单体电池的充电曲线的高电压拐点具体包括：
    对所述充电曲线进行一阶求导以获取所述高电压拐点。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的动力电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块根据所述单体电池的容量对所述单体电池进行均衡具体包括：
    获取所述单体电池中最大的容量，以及所述动力电池组的单体电池的平均容量；
    根据所述单体电池中最大的容量和所述平均容量生成均衡容量；
    根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡。
  10. 如权利要求7-9中任意一项所述的动力电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块根据所述均衡容量对所述单体电池进行均衡具体包括：
    获取均衡电流；
    根据所述均衡电流和所述均衡容量生成均衡时间；
    根据所述均衡容量和所述均衡时间对所述单体电池进行均衡。
  11. 如权利要求7-9中任意一项所述的动力电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于，将所述动力电池组的单体电池中最端侧的单体电池的容量作为最大的容量。
  12. 如权利要求7-9中任意一项所述的动力电池组的均衡装置，其特征在于，在对所述单体电池进行均衡之前，所述控制模块，还用于，
    获取所述最大的容量与所述每个单体电池的容量之间的容量差；
    根据所述容量差判断是否出现SOC错位。
  13. 一种汽车，其特征在于，包括如权利要求7-12中任一项所述的动力电池组的均衡装置。
PCT/CN2019/079454 2018-03-30 2019-03-25 汽车、动力电池组的均衡方法和装置 Ceased WO2019184849A1 (zh)

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