WO2019196725A1 - 天线结构及其调制方法 - Google Patents

天线结构及其调制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196725A1
WO2019196725A1 PCT/CN2019/081310 CN2019081310W WO2019196725A1 WO 2019196725 A1 WO2019196725 A1 WO 2019196725A1 CN 2019081310 W CN2019081310 W CN 2019081310W WO 2019196725 A1 WO2019196725 A1 WO 2019196725A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal line
substrate
liquid crystal
antenna structure
crystal layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/081310
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
武杰
丁天伦
孔祥忠
曹雪
王瑛
李亮
蔡佩芝
车春城
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOE Technology Group Co Ltd, Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd filed Critical BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Priority to US16/609,822 priority Critical patent/US11283185B2/en
Priority to JP2019564469A priority patent/JP7433909B2/ja
Priority to EP19784231.3A priority patent/EP3780271A4/en
Publication of WO2019196725A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196725A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/244—Polarisation converters converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an antenna structure and a modulation method thereof.
  • liquid crystal antennas are an antenna that is more suitable for the current state of the art.
  • the polarization characteristic of the antenna is defined by the spatial orientation of the electric field strength vector of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in the direction of maximum radiation.
  • the type of polarization is divided by the motion trajectory of the vector strength of the electric field strength vector.
  • the polarization characteristics of the antenna can be classified into linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. Linear polarization is divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization; circular polarization is divided into left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.
  • Circular polarization can be obtained when the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field have equal amplitudes and the phases are different by 90° or 270°.
  • Circular polarization if the polarization plane rotates with time and has a right-handed relationship with the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, it is called right-handed circular polarization; otherwise, if it is in the left-handed spiral relationship, it is called left-handed circular polarization.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an antenna structure and a modulation method thereof.
  • the antenna structure includes a radiation patch, a radio frequency port, a first signal line, a second signal line, a power dividing device, and a first phase modulator.
  • the radiation patch includes a first feeding point and a second feeding point; one end of the first signal line is connected to the first feeding point; one end of the second signal line is connected to the second feeding point; the power dividing device and the RF port
  • the other end of the first signal line and the other end of the second signal line are respectively connected, and are configured to distribute electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line; and the first phase modulator is configured to be configured to The phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first signal line is modulated.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna structure, including: a radiating patch including a first feeding point and a second feeding point; a radio frequency port; and a first signal line, one end of which is connected to the first feeding point; a second signal line, one end of which is connected to the second feeding point; the power dividing device is respectively connected to the radio frequency port, the other end of the first signal line, and the other end of the second signal line, and is connected And configured to distribute electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line; and a first phase modulator configured to modulate a phase of an electromagnetic wave of the first signal line.
  • a difference between a power of an electromagnetic wave on the first signal line and a power of an electromagnetic wave on the second signal line is smaller than an electromagnetic wave on the first signal line. 50% of the larger of the power and the power of the electromagnetic waves on the second signal line.
  • the power dividing device is configured to equally distribute electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line.
  • the antenna structure further includes a first substrate, and the first phase modulator includes:
  • first common electrode and a first driving electrode one of the first common electrode and the first driving electrode being located on a side of the first liquid crystal layer adjacent to the first substrate, and the other being located in the first liquid crystal a layer adjacent to a side of the second substrate,
  • the orthographic projection of the first signal line on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the first liquid crystal layer on the first substrate at least partially overlap.
  • the antenna structure further includes:
  • a second phase modulator configured to modulate a phase of an electromagnetic wave of the second signal line.
  • the second phase modulator includes:
  • a second common electrode and a second driving electrode one of the second common electrode and the second driving electrode being located on a side of the second liquid crystal layer adjacent to the first substrate, and the other being located in the second liquid crystal a layer near a side of the third substrate,
  • the orthographic projection of the second signal line on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the second liquid crystal layer on the first substrate at least partially overlap.
  • a dielectric constant range of liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer includes ⁇ ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2, the first signal line and the first liquid crystal layer
  • the length L 1 of the overlap satisfies:
  • ⁇ ⁇ 1 is a parallel dielectric constant of liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 is a vertical dielectric constant of liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer
  • c is a speed of light
  • f 1 is the first The frequency of electromagnetic waves on a signal line.
  • a dielectric constant range of liquid crystal molecules of the second liquid crystal layer includes ⁇ ⁇ 3- ⁇ 4, the second signal line and the second liquid crystal layer
  • the length L 2 of the overlap satisfies:
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 is a parallel dielectric constant of liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 is a vertical dielectric constant of liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer
  • c is a speed of light
  • f 2 is the first The frequency of electromagnetic waves on the two signal lines.
  • the first signal line is located between the second substrate and the first driving electrode or the first common electrode.
  • the second signal line is located between the third substrate and the second driving electrode or the second common electrode.
  • the first signal line is located on a side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the first common electrode, and the second signal line is located in the second liquid crystal The layer is away from a side of the second common electrode.
  • the second substrate and the third substrate are the same substrate, and the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer are disposed in the same layer, and the A common electrode and the second common electrode are the same common electrode.
  • the radiation patch is located on a side of the second substrate away from the first liquid crystal layer.
  • the radiation patch is located on a side of the second substrate adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer and is in the same layer as the first signal line.
  • an orthographic projection of the radiation patch on the first substrate and the first liquid crystal layer or the second liquid crystal layer on the first substrate overlap.
  • a first connection line of the first feeding point and a center of the radiation patch is perpendicular to the second feeding point and the radiation patch.
  • the second connection of the center is perpendicular to the second feeding point and the radiation patch.
  • an orthographic projection of the first phase modulator on the first substrate is located in the orthographic projection of the radiation patch on the first substrate.
  • a side of the first feed point on which the orthographic projection of the second phase modulator on the first substrate is located in the orthographic projection of the radiation patch on the first substrate The side where the point is.
  • an orthographic projection of the first phase modulator on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the radiation patch on the first substrate are set, And an orthographic projection of the second phase modulator on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the radiation patch on the first substrate are spaced apart.
  • the number of the radio frequency ports is one.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a modulation method of an antenna structure, where the antenna structure includes the antenna structure described above, the modulation method includes: inputting an electromagnetic wave at the radio frequency port, wherein the electromagnetic wave is a linearly polarized wave a power dividing device distributing the linearly polarized wave to the first signal line and the second signal line; the first phase modulator modulating a phase of the linearly polarized wave of the first signal line to A phase of the linearly polarized wave on the first signal line changes and is orthogonal to a phase of the linearly polarized wave on the second signal line.
  • a difference between a power of an electromagnetic wave on the first signal line and a power of an electromagnetic wave on the second signal line is smaller than the first signal line.
  • the power of the electromagnetic wave and the power of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line are 50% of a larger value.
  • the power dividing device distributing the linearly polarized wave to the first signal line and the second signal line includes: the power component The device distributes electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line in equal power.
  • the antenna structure further includes a second phase modulator configured to modulate a phase of an electromagnetic wave of the second signal line, the first a phase modulator modulating a phase of the linearly polarized wave of the first signal line to change a phase of a linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and a linear polarization with the second signal line
  • the phase orthogonality of the waves further includes: the second phase modulator further modulating a phase of the linearly polarized wave of the second signal line to change a phase of the linearly polarized wave on the second signal line .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first phase modulator in an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of a first phase modulator in another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of operation of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of operation of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of a second phase modulator in an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of a second phase modulator in another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view of a first phase modulator and a second phase modulator in an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for modulating an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the antenna structure includes a radiation patch, a radio frequency port, a first signal line, a second signal line, a power dividing device, and a first phase modulator.
  • the radiation patch includes a first feeding point and a second feeding point; one end of the first signal line is connected to the first feeding point; one end of the second signal line is connected to the second feeding point; the power dividing device and the RF port The other end of the first signal line and the other end of the second signal line are respectively connected, and are configured to distribute electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line; and the first phase modulator is configured to be configured to The phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first signal line is modulated.
  • the antenna structure can distribute electromagnetic waves from the same radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line through the power dividing device, and modulate the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line by the first phase modulator, Thereby, it is possible to realize receiving and transmitting left-hand circularly polarized waves, right-handed circularly polarized waves, and linearly polarized waves by using a single radio frequency port.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the antenna structure 100 includes a first substrate 110; the radiation patch 120 includes a first feed point 121 and a second feed point 122; a radio frequency port 130; a first signal line 140, one end and a first feed The electrical point 121 is connected; the second signal line 150 has one end connected to the second feeding point 122; the power dividing device 160 is connected to the RF port 130, the other end of the first signal line 140, and the other end of the second signal line 150, respectively.
  • electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port 130 may be distributed to the first signal line 140 and the second signal line 150; and the first phase modulator 170 may modulate the phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first signal line 140.
  • the orthographic projection of the first phase modulator 170 on the first substrate 110 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first signal line 140 on the first substrate 110 such that the first phase modulator 170 can be responsive to the first signal
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave on line 140 is modulated.
  • the connection of the first signal line to the first feeding point may be an electrical connection or a coupling connection
  • the connection of the second signal line to the second feeding point may be an electrical connection or a coupling connection.
  • the power dividing device here can be a general power splitter, and is a device that divides the energy of one input signal into at least two equal or unequal energy outputs.
  • the power dividing device 160 distributes the linearly polarized wave from the radio frequency port 130 to the first signal line 140 and the second signal line.
  • 150 that is, the electromagnetic waves on the first signal line 140 and the second signal line 150 are line polarized waves, and then the first phase modulator 170 modulates the phase of the electromagnetic waves on the first signal line 140.
  • the number of radio frequency ports 130 is one.
  • the first signal line 140 modulated by the first phase modulator 170 and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line 150 may form a circularly polarized wave on radiation patch 120 and receive and emit from radiation patch 120.
  • the phase difference between the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line 140 modulated by the first phase modulator 170 and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line 150 is 0 degrees, the first signal line 140 is on the first signal line 140.
  • the first linearly polarized wave and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line 150 can form a linearly polarized wave on the radiation patch 120 and receive and emit from the radiation patch 120.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure receives circularly polarized waves (including left-handed circularly polarized waves and right-handed circularly polarized waves)
  • the circularly polarized waves may be decomposed into two orthogonal line poles in the radiation patch 120.
  • the waves are transmitted to the radio frequency port 130 through the first signal line 140 and the second signal line 150, respectively.
  • the antenna structure can receive and transmit left-hand circularly polarized waves, right-handed circularly polarized waves, and linearly polarized waves using a single radio frequency port (for example, a radio frequency port).
  • a single radio frequency port for example, a radio frequency port.
  • the circularly polarized wave includes a circularly polarized wave and an elliptically polarized wave; when the axial ratio of the circularly polarized wave is 1, it is a perfectly circularly polarized wave; when the circularly polarized wave has an axial ratio When it is greater than 1, it is an elliptical polarized wave.
  • the radiation patch 120 is formed into a perfect circle. Polarized wave.
  • the difference between the power of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line and the power of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line is less than the power of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line and the power of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line. 50% of the big value. Therefore, the axis of the circularly polarized wave formed is relatively small, which is more conducive to the propagation and reception of information.
  • the power dividing device is configured to equally distribute electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line. That is, the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line are linearly polarized waves of equal power, so that the formed circularly polarized wave is a perfectly circularly polarized wave, thereby It can further facilitate the dissemination and reception of information.
  • the above-mentioned "equal power distribution” refers to dividing the electromagnetic wave signal of the radio frequency port into two electromagnetic wave signals, and the powers of the two electromagnetic wave signals are equal.
  • the first feed point 121 of the first feed point 121 and the center 1200 of the radiation patch 120 is perpendicular to the second feed point 122 and the center 1200 of the radiation patch 120.
  • the second connection 1202. thereby, the linear polarization waves of the first feed point 121 and the second feed point 122 can be ensured to be orthogonal, thereby facilitating the formation of circularly polarized waves.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first phase modulator in an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AB of FIG. 1.
  • the first phase modulator 170 includes a second substrate 171 disposed opposite to the first substrate 110, a first liquid crystal layer 172 interposed between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 171, and a first One of the common electrode 173 and the first driving electrode 174, one of the first common electrode 173 and the first driving electrode 174 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 110 close to the first liquid crystal layer 172, and the first common electrode 173 and the first driving electrode 174 The other of them is disposed on a side of the second substrate 171 close to the first liquid crystal layer 172.
  • the orthographic projection of the first signal line 140 on the first substrate 110 at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the first liquid crystal layer 172 on the first substrate 110.
  • the first phase modulator 170 may adjust the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 172 by the voltages on the first common electrode 173 and the first driving electrode 174 to change the effective dielectric constant of the first liquid crystal layer 172, thereby The phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line 140 is modulated.
  • the first phase modulator adopting the liquid crystal antenna structure has the advantages of small size, light weight, and the like, and is more advantageous for achieving miniaturization of the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the radiation patch 120 (shown by a broken line in the figure) is also shown in FIG. 2A. The radiation patch 120 does not overlap with the first liquid crystal layer 172, and thus is represented by a broken line frame.
  • the first common electrode 173 may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 110 adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer 172, and the first driving electrode 174 may be disposed on the second substrate 171 adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer 172. side.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure includes but is not limited to, the first driving electrode 174 may also be disposed on a side of the first substrate 110 adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer 172, and the first common electrode 173 may be disposed on the second substrate 171 near the first One side of the liquid crystal layer 172.
  • the first signal line 140 is located between the second substrate 171 and the first driving electrode 174.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, when the first common electrode is located on a side of the second substrate close to the first liquid crystal layer, the first signal line is located on a side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the first common electrode to ensure A first liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first signal line and the first common electrode, thereby realizing modulation of the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line by the first liquid crystal layer.
  • the first phase modulator 170 further includes a first sealant 177 between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 171 and configured to define the first liquid crystal layer 172. .
  • the first substrate 110, the second substrate 171, and the first sealant 177 can form a liquid crystal cell to accommodate the liquid crystal molecules forming the first liquid crystal layer 172.
  • the radiation patch 120 is located on a side of the second substrate 171 that is away from the first liquid crystal layer 172.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure include but are not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of a first phase modulator in another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the radiation patch 120 is located on a side of the second substrate 171 adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer 172 and is in the same layer as the first signal line 140.
  • the radiation patch 120 may overlap the first liquid crystal layer 172. At this time, since the radiation patch 120 overlaps the first liquid crystal layer 172, the area occupied by the antenna structure can be further reduced.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the antenna structure further includes a second phase modulator 180.
  • the second phase modulator 180 can modulate the phase of the electromagnetic waves on the second signal line 150.
  • the first phase modulator 170 modulates the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line 140
  • the second phase modulator 180 modulates the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line 150; when passing through the first phase modulator
  • the first signal when the phase difference between the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line 140 modulated by 170 and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line 150 modulated by the second phase modulator 180 is ⁇ 90 degrees
  • the first linearly polarized wave on line 140 and the second linearly polarized wave on second signal line 150 may form a circularly polarized wave on radiation patch 120 and receive and emit from radiation patch 120.
  • the phase difference between the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line 140 modulated by the first phase modulator 170 and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line 150 modulated by the second phase modulator 180 is 0.
  • the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line 140 and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line 150 may form a linearly polarized wave on the radiation patch 120 and emit from the radiation patch 120. receive.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure receives circularly polarized waves (including left-handed circularly polarized waves and right-handed circularly polarized waves), the circularly polarized waves may be decomposed into two orthogonal line poles in the radiation patch 120.
  • the waves are transmitted to the radio frequency port 130 through the first signal line 140 and the second signal line 150, respectively.
  • the antenna structure can receive and transmit left-hand circularly polarized waves, right-handed circularly polarized waves, and linearly polarized waves using a single radio frequency port.
  • the first line of the first feed point 121 and the center of the radiation patch 120 is perpendicular to the second point of the second feed point 122 and the center of the radiation patch 120. line.
  • the linear polarization waves of the first feed point 121 and the second feed point 122 can be ensured to be orthogonal, thereby facilitating the formation of circularly polarized waves.
  • the orthographic projection of the first phase modulator 170 on the first substrate 110 is located at the first feed point 121 of the orthographic projection of the radiation patch 120 on the first substrate 110.
  • the orthographic projection of the second phase modulator 180 on the first substrate 110 is on the side of the second feed point 122 of the orthographic projection of the radiation patch 120 on the first substrate 110.
  • the orthographic projection of the first phase modulator 170 on the first substrate 110 is spaced from the orthographic projection of the radiation patch 120 on the first substrate 110, the second phase modulator The orthographic projections on the first substrate 110 are spaced from the orthographic projections of the radiation patches 120 on the first substrate 110.
  • the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer is ⁇ ⁇ 1- ⁇ ⁇ 2, and the length L 1 of the first signal line overlapping the first liquid crystal layer satisfies:
  • ⁇ ⁇ 1 is the parallel dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 is the vertical dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer
  • c is the speed of light
  • f 1 is the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line frequency
  • the dielectric constant range of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer includes ⁇ ⁇ 3- ⁇ 4, and the length L 2 of the second signal line overlapping the second liquid crystal layer satisfies:
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 is the parallel dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 is the vertical dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer
  • c is the speed of light
  • f 2 is the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line frequency
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the second phase modulator 180 does not modulate the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line 150;
  • the first phase modulator 170 modulates the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line 140 to make the first signal
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave on line 140 produces a phase difference of -90 degrees;
  • the first linearly polarized wave on first signal line 140 and the second linearly polarized wave on second signal line 150 may pass through first feed point 121 and
  • the second feed point 122 is transmitted to the radiation patch 120 and forms a left-hand circularly polarized wave on the radiation patch 120 and is received and transmitted from the radiation patch 120.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the second phase modulator 180 does not modulate the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line 150;
  • the first phase modulator 170 modulates the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line 140 to make the first signal
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave on line 140 produces a phase difference of 90 degrees;
  • the first linearly polarized wave on first signal line 140 and the second linearly polarized wave on second signal line 150 can pass through first feed point 121 and
  • the two feed points 122 are transmitted to the radiation patch 120, and a right-hand circularly polarized wave is formed on the radiation patch 120 and received and emitted from the radiation patch 120.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first phase modulator 170 does not modulate the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line 140;
  • the second phase modulator 180 does not modulate the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line 150;
  • the first signal line The first linearly polarized wave on 140 and the second linearly polarized wave on second signal line 150 may be transmitted to radiation patch 120 through first feed point 121 and second feed point 122, respectively, and on the radiation patch 120 forms a linearly polarized wave and receives and emits from the radiation patch 120.
  • the working states of the antenna structure are not limited to the cases described in FIG. 4-6, and may be respectively performed by using the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator according to actual conditions.
  • the electromagnetic waves on the first signal line and the second signal line are phase-modulated.
  • second phase modulator 180 may also employ a similar structure to first phase modulator 170.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second phase modulator in an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line CD of Fig. 3.
  • the second phase modulator 180 includes a third substrate 181 disposed opposite to the first substrate 110, a second liquid crystal layer 182 interposed between the first substrate 110 and the third substrate 181, and a second common Electrode 183 and second drive electrode 184.
  • One of the second common electrode 183 and the second driving electrode 184 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 110 adjacent to the second liquid crystal layer 182, and the other of the second common electrode 183 and the second driving electrode 184 is disposed adjacent to the third substrate 181 One side of the second liquid crystal layer 182.
  • the orthographic projection of the second signal line 150 on the first substrate 110 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second liquid crystal layer 182 on the first substrate 110.
  • the second phase modulator 180 can adjust the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 182 by the voltages on the second common electrode 183 and the second driving electrode 184 to change the effective dielectric constant of the second liquid crystal layer 182, thereby The phase of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line 150 is modulated.
  • the second phase modulator adopting the liquid crystal antenna structure has the advantages of small size, light weight, and the like, and is more advantageous for achieving miniaturization of the antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the radiation patch 120 (shown by the dotted line in the figure) is also shown in FIG. 7A.
  • the radiation patch 120 and the second liquid crystal layer 182 do not overlap, and thus are represented by a broken line frame.
  • the second common electrode 183 may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 110 adjacent to the second liquid crystal layer 182, and the second driving electrode 184 may be disposed on the third substrate 181 adjacent to the second liquid crystal layer 182. side.
  • the second driving electrode 184 may also be disposed on a side of the first substrate 110 adjacent to the second liquid crystal layer 182, and the second common electrode 183 may be disposed on the third substrate 181 near the second One side of the liquid crystal layer 182.
  • the second phase modulator 180 further includes a second sealant 187 between the first substrate 110 and the third substrate 181 and configured to define the second liquid crystal layer 182.
  • the first substrate 110, the third substrate 181, and the second sealant 187 may form a liquid crystal cell to accommodate liquid crystal molecules forming the second liquid crystal layer 182.
  • the second signal line 150 is located between the third substrate 181 and the second driving electrode 184.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, when the second common electrode is located on a side of the third substrate close to the second liquid crystal layer, the second signal line is located on a side of the second liquid crystal layer away from the second common electrode, It is ensured that a second liquid crystal layer is disposed between the second signal line and the second common electrode, thereby realizing modulation of the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line by the second liquid crystal layer.
  • the radiation patch 120 is located on a side of the third substrate 181 that is away from the second liquid crystal layer 182.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure include but are not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of a second phase modulator in another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7B, the radiation patch 120 is located on a side of the third substrate 181 adjacent to the second liquid crystal layer 182 and is in the same layer as the second signal line 150.
  • FIG. 7C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first phase modulator and a second phase modulator in an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7C is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line EF shown in Fig. 3.
  • the second substrate 171 and the third substrate 181 may be the same substrate; the first liquid crystal layer 172 and the second liquid crystal layer 182 may be disposed in the same layer. That is, the second substrate 171 in FIG. 2A and the third substrate 181 in FIG. 7A can be formed using the same substrate; the first liquid crystal layer 172 in FIG. 2A and the second liquid crystal layer 182 in FIG. 7A can be disposed in the same layer. .
  • the second substrate 171 and the third substrate 181 are the same substrate, and the first common electrode 173 and the second common electrode 183 are the same common electrode on the first substrate 110. That is, the second substrate 171 in FIG. 2A and the third substrate 181 in FIG. 7A can be formed using the same substrate; the first common electrode 173 in FIG. 2A and the second common electrode 183 in FIG. 7A can utilize the same electrode. The layer is formed.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a modulation method of an antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure includes the antenna structure described above.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for modulating an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the modulation method includes steps S801-S803.
  • Step S801 input a linear polarization wave at the radio frequency port
  • Step S802 The power dividing device distributes the linear polarization wave to the first signal line and the second signal line.
  • Step S803 The first phase modulator modulates the phase of the linearly polarized wave of the first signal line to change the phase of the linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and the linearly polarized wave on the second signal line
  • the phase is orthogonal.
  • the power dividing device distributes the linear polarization wave from the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line; that is, the first signal line and the second signal
  • the electromagnetic wave on the line is a linearly polarized wave; then, the first phase modulator modulates the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line; and the first line polarization on the first signal line modulated by the first phase modulator
  • the phase difference between the wave and the second linear polarized wave on the second signal line is, for example, ⁇ 90 degrees
  • the first linear polarized wave on the first signal line and the second linear polarized wave on the second signal line may be in the radiation
  • the patch forms a circularly polarized wave and receives and emits from the radiation patch.
  • the antenna structure can receive and transmit left-hand circularly polarized waves, right-handed circularly polarized waves, and linearly polarized waves using a single radio frequency port.
  • the difference between the power of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line and the power of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line is less than the power of the electromagnetic wave on the first signal line and the power of the electromagnetic wave on the second signal line. 50% of the big value. Therefore, the axis of the circularly polarized wave formed is relatively small, which is more conducive to the propagation and reception of information.
  • the power dividing device distributing the linearly polarized wave to the first signal line and the second signal line includes: the power dividing device equally distributes electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency port to the first signal line and the second signal line That is, the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line are linearly polarized waves of equal power.
  • the circularly polarized wave thus formed is a perfectly circularly polarized wave, which can further facilitate the propagation and reception of information.
  • the antenna structure further includes a second phase modulator that modulates the phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second signal line.
  • the above step 803 may further include that the second phase modulator further modulates the phase of the linearly polarized wave of the second signal line to change the phase of the linearly polarized wave on the second signal line.
  • the first phase modulator modulates a phase of the linearly polarized wave of the first signal line to change a phase of the linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and to be on a second signal line
  • the phase orthogonality of the linearly polarized wave includes: the first phase modulator modulates a phase of the linearly polarized wave of the first signal line such that a phase of the linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and a second signal line
  • the phase of the linearly polarized waves differs by 90 degrees.
  • the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line can be transmitted to the radiation patch through the first feeding point and the second feeding point, respectively, and
  • the radiation patch forms a right-hand circularly polarized wave and receives and emits from the radiation patch.
  • the first phase modulator modulates a phase of the linearly polarized wave of the first signal line to change a phase of the linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and to be on a second signal line
  • the phase orthogonality of the linearly polarized wave includes: the first phase modulator modulates a phase of the linearly polarized wave of the first signal line such that a phase of the linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and a second signal line Line polarized waves differ by -90 degrees.
  • the first linearly polarized wave on the first signal line and the second linearly polarized wave on the second signal line can be transmitted to the radiation patch through the first feeding point and the second feeding point, respectively, and
  • the radiation patch forms a left-hand circularly polarized wave and receives and emits from the radiation patch.

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Abstract

一种天线结构及其调制方法。该天线结构包括辐射贴片(120)、射频口(130)、第一信号线(140)、第二信号线(150)、功分器件(160)以及第一相位调制器(170)。辐射贴片(120)包括第一馈电点(121)和第二馈电点(122)；第一信号线(140)的一端与第一馈电点(121)相连；第二信号线(150)的一端与第二馈电点(122)相连；功分器件(160)与射频口(130)、第一信号线(140)的另一端和第二信号线(150)的另一端分别相连，并被配置为将射频口的电磁波分配至第一信号线(140)和第二信号线(150)；以及第一相位调制器(170)，被配置为对第一信号线(140)的电磁波的相位进行调制。由此，该天线结构可利用单一射频口实现接收和发射左旋圆极化波、右旋圆极化波、和线极化波。

Description

天线结构及其调制方法
本申请要求于2018年4月8日递交的中国专利申请第201810307536.6号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及一种天线结构及其调制方法。
背景技术
随着通信技术的不断发展，天线已经逐渐向着小型化、宽频带、多波段以及高增益的技术方向发展。与传统的喇叭天线、螺旋天线和阵子天线等相比，液晶天线是一种更适合当前技术发展方向的天线。
另外，天线的极化特性是以天线辐射的电磁波在最大辐射方向上的电场强度矢量的空间取向来定义的。通过电场强度矢量矢端的运动轨迹划分极化的种类。天线的极化特性可分为线极化、圆极化和椭圆极化。线极化又分为水平极化和垂直极化；圆极化分为左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化。
当天线辐射的电磁波的极化面与大地法线面之间的夹角从0～360°周期的变化，即电场大小不变，方向随时间变化，电场矢量末端的轨迹在垂直于传播方向的平面上投影是一个圆时，称为圆极化。在电场的水平分量和垂直分量振幅相等，相位相差90°或270°时，可以得到圆极化。圆极化，若极化面随时间旋转并与电磁波传播方向成右螺旋关系，称右旋圆极化；反之，若成左螺旋关系，称左旋圆极化。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供一种天线结构及其调制方法。该天线结构包括辐射贴片、射频口、第一信号线、第二信号线、功分器件以及第一相位调制器。辐射贴片包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点；第一信号线的一端与第一馈电点相连；第二信号线的一端与第二馈电点相连；功分器件与射频口、第一信号线的另一端和第二信号线的另一端分别相连，并被配置为将射频口的电磁波分配至第一信号线和第二信号线；以及第一相位调制器，被配置为对第一信号线的电磁波的 相位进行调制。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种天线结构，其包括：辐射贴片包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点；射频口；第一信号线，一端与所述第一馈电点相连；第二信号线，一端与所述第二馈电点相连；功分器件，与所述射频口、所述第一信号线的另一端和所述第二信号线的另一端分别相连，并被配置为将所述射频口的电磁波分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线；以及第一相位调制器，被配置为对所述第一信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率与所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率之差小于所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率和所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率中较大的值的50％。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述功分器件被配置为将所述射频口的电磁波等功率地分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述天线结构还包括第一基板，所述第一相位调制器包括：
第二基板，与所述第一基板相对设置；
第一液晶层，夹设在所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间；以及
第一公共电极和第一驱动电极，所述第一公共电极和所述第一驱动电极之一位于所述第一液晶层靠近所述第一基板的一侧，另一个位于所述第一液晶层靠近所述第二基板的一侧，
其中，所述第一信号线在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第一液晶层在所述第一基板上的正投影至少部分重叠。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，天线结构还包括：
第二相位调制器，被配置为对所述第二信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第二相位调制器包括：
第三基板，与所述第一基板相对设置；
第二液晶层，夹设在所述第一基板和所述第三基板之间；以及
第二公共电极和第二驱动电极，所述第二公共电极和所述第二驱动电极之一位于所述第二液晶层靠近所述第一基板的一侧，另一个位于所述第二液晶层靠近所述第三基板的一侧的，
其中，所述第二信号线在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第二液晶层在所述第一基板上的正投影至少部分重叠。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第一液晶层中液晶分子的介电常数范围包括ε ∥1-ε⊥2，所述第一信号线与所述第一液晶层重叠的长度L 1满足：
Figure PCTCN2019081310-appb-000001
其中，ε ∥1为所述第一液晶层中液晶分子的平行介电常数，ε⊥2为所述第一液晶层中液晶分子的垂直介电常数，c为光速，f 1为所述第一信号线上电磁波的频率。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第二液晶层的液晶分子的介电常数范围包括ε ∥3-ε⊥4，所述第二信号线与所述第二液晶层重叠的长度L 2满足：
Figure PCTCN2019081310-appb-000002
其中，ε ∥2为所述第二液晶层中液晶分子的平行介电常数，ε⊥2为所述第二液晶层中液晶分子的垂直介电常数，c为光速，f 2为所述第二信号线上电磁波的频率。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第一信号线位于所述第二基板与所述第一驱动电极或所述第一公共电极之间。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第二信号线位于所述第三基板和所述第二驱动电极或所述第二公共电极之间。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第一信号线位于所述第一液晶层远离所述第一公共电极的一侧，所述第二信号线位于所述第二液晶层远离所述第二公共电极的一侧。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第二基板与所述第三基板为同一基板，所述第一液晶层与所述第二液晶层同层设置，且所述第一公共电极与所述第二公共电极为同一公共电极。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述辐射贴片位于所述第二基板远离所述第一液晶层的一侧。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述辐射贴片位于所述第二基板靠近所述第一液晶层的一侧，并与所述第一信号线同层。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第一液晶层或所述第二液晶层在所述第一基板上的正投 影部分交叠。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第一馈电点和所述辐射贴片的中心的第一连线垂直于所述第二馈电点与所述辐射贴片的中心的第二连线。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第一相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影位于所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影的所述第一馈电点所在的一侧，所述第二相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影位于所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影的所述第二馈电点所在的一侧。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构中，所述第一相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影间隔设置，且所述第二相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影间隔设置。
例如，所述射频口的数量为一个。
本公开至少一个实施例还提供一种天线结构的调制方法，所述天线结构包括上述的天线结构，所述调制方法包括：在所述射频口输入电磁波，其中，所述电磁波为线极化波；功分器件将所述线极化波分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线；第一相位调制器对所述第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使所述第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与所述第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构的调制方法中，所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率与所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率之差小于所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率和所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率中较大的值的50％。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构的调制方法中，所述功分器件将所述线极化波分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线包括：所述功分器件将所述射频口的电磁波等功率地分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的天线结构的调制方法中，所述天线结构还包括第二相位调制器，被配置为对所述第二信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制，所述第一相位调制器对所述第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使所述第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与所述第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交还包括：所述第二相位调制器还对所述第二信号线的线极化波的相 位进行调制以使所述第二信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构的平面示意图；
图2A为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构中第一相位调制器的剖面示意图；
图2B为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构中第一相位调制器的剖面示意图；
图3为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构的平面示意图；
图4为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构的工作示意图；
图5为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构的工作示意图；
图6为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构的工作示意图；
图7A为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构中第二相位调制器的剖面示意图；
图7B为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构中第二相位调制器的剖面示意图；
图7C为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构中第一相位调制器和第二相位调制器的剖面示意图；以及
图8为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构的调制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二” 以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。
本申请的发明人注意到：随着通信技术的不断发展，无线通信的应用场景越来越多；有的通信设备需要接收或发送线极化信号，有的通信设备需要接收或发送左旋圆极化信号，有的通信设备需要接收或发送右旋圆极化信号。然而，现在某些应用场景和设备对天线的尺寸要求严苛，不能同时安装单一极化的多种天线。
因此，本公开实施例提供一种天线结构及其调制方法。该天线结构包括辐射贴片、射频口、第一信号线、第二信号线、功分器件以及第一相位调制器。辐射贴片包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点；第一信号线的一端与第一馈电点相连；第二信号线的一端与第二馈电点相连；功分器件与射频口、第一信号线的另一端和第二信号线的另一端分别相连，并被配置为将射频口的电磁波分配至第一信号线和第二信号线；以及第一相位调制器，被配置为对第一信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制。由此，该天线结构可通过功分器件将来自同一射频口的电磁波分配至第一信号线和第二信号线，并且通过第一相位调制器对第一信号线上的电磁波的相位进行调制，从而可实现利用单一射频口实现接收和发射左旋圆极化波、右旋圆极化波、和线极化波。
下面结合附图对本公开实施例提供的天线结构及其调制方法进行详细的说明。
图1为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构的平面示意图。如图1所示，该天线结构100包括第一基板110；辐射贴片120包括第一馈电点121和第二馈电点122；射频口130；第一信号线140，一端与第一馈电点121相连；第二信号线150，一端与第二馈电点122相连；功分器件160，与射频口130、第一信号线140的另一端以及第二信号线150的另一端分别相连，并可将射频口130的电磁波分配至第一信号线140和第二信号线150；以及第一相位调制器170，可对第一信号线140的电磁波的相位进行调制。例如，第一相位调制器170在第一基板110上的正投影与所述第一信号线140在第一基板110上的正投影至少部分重叠，从而第一相位调制器170可对第一信号线140上的电磁 波的相位进行调制。需要说明的是，第一信号线与第一馈电点的相连可为电连接也可为耦合连接；第二信号线与第二馈电点的相连可为电连接也可为耦合连接。这里的功分器件可以为一般的功率分配器，是一种将一路输入信号能量分成至少两路输出相等或不相等能量的器件。
在本公开实施例提供的天线结构中，当射频口130的电磁波为线极化波时，功分器件160将来自射频口130的线极化波分配至第一信号线140和第二信号线150，也就是说，第一信号线140和第二信号线150上的电磁波为线极化波，然后，第一相位调制器170对第一信号线140上的电磁波的相位进行调制。例如，射频口130的数量为一个。当经过第一相位调制器170调制的第一信号线140上的第一线极化波与第二信号线150上的第二线极化波的相位差例如为±90度时，第一信号线140上的第一线极化波和第二信号线150上的第二线极化波可在辐射贴片120形成圆极化波，并从辐射贴片120进行接收和发射。当经过第一相位调制器170调制的第一信号线140上的第一线极化波与第二信号线150上的第二线极化波的相位差为0度时，第一信号线140上的第一线极化波和第二信号线150上的第二线极化波可在辐射贴片120形成线极化波，并从辐射贴片120进行接收和发射。当本公开实施例提供的天线结构接收圆极化波(包括左旋圆极化波和右旋圆极化波)时，圆极化波可在辐射贴片120分解为两个正交的线极化波，并分别通过第一信号线140和第二信号线150传输到射频口130。由此，可通过控制第一相位调制器170使得该天线结构利用单一射频口(例如一个射频口)实现接收和发射左旋圆极化波、右旋圆极化波、和线极化波。需要说明的是，上述的圆极化波包括正圆极化波和椭圆极化波；当圆极化波的轴比为1时，为正圆极化波；当圆极化波的轴比大于1时，为椭圆极化波。
值得注意的是，当第一信号线140上的第一线极化波与第二信号线150上的第二线极化波的相位差不为±90度且不为0度时，辐射贴片120上形成的为椭圆极化波。当第一信号线140上的第一线极化波与第二信号线150上的第二线极化波的功率不相等时，辐射贴片120上形成的也为椭圆极化波。当第一信号线140上的第一线极化波与第二信号线150上的第二线极化波的功率相等，且相位差为±90度时，辐射贴片120上形成的为正圆极化波。
例如，在一些示例中，第一信号线上的电磁波的功率与第二信号线上的电磁波的功率之差小于第一信号线上的电磁波的功率和第二信号线上的电磁波 的功率中较大的值的50％。从而可保证形成的圆极化波的轴比较小，更利于信息的传播与接收。
例如，在一些示例中，功分器件被配置为将射频口的电磁波等功率地分配至第一信号线和第二信号线。即第一信号线上的第一线极化波和第二信号线上的第二线极化波为等功率的线极化波，以使形成的圆极化波为正圆极化波，从而可进一步利于信息的传播与接收。需要说明的是，上述的“等功率地分配”是指将射频口的电磁波信号分为两个电磁波信号，且这两个电磁波信号的功率相等。
例如，在一些示例中，如图1所示，第一馈电点121和辐射贴片120的中心1200的第一连线1201垂直于第二馈电点122与辐射贴片120的中心1200的第二连线1202。由此，可保证第一馈电点121和第二馈电点122的线极化波正交，从而便于形成圆极化波。
图2A为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构中第一相位调制器的剖面示意图。图2A为沿图1所示的AB线所截的截面示意图。如图2A所示，第一相位调制器170包括与第一基板110相对设置的第二基板171、夹设在第一基板110和第二基板171之间的第一液晶层172、以及第一公共电极173和第一驱动电极174，第一公共电极173和第一驱动电极174之一设置在第一基板110靠近第一液晶层172的一侧，第一公共电极173和第一驱动电极174之中的另一个设置在第二基板171靠近第一液晶层172的一侧。第一信号线140在第一基板110上的正投影与第一液晶层172在第一基板110上的正投影至少部分重叠。第一相位调制器170可通过第一公共电极173和第一驱动电极174上的电压调节第一液晶层172中的液晶分子的取向，以改变第一液晶层172的有效介电常数，从而对第一信号线140上的电磁波的相位进行调制。并且，采用液晶天线结构的第一相位调制器还具有体积小、轻薄等优点，更有利于实现本公开实施例提供的天线结构的小型化。需要说明的是，图2A中也示出了辐射贴片120(图中虚线框所示)，辐射贴片120与第一液晶层172并不交叠，因此通过虚线框进行表示。
例如，如图2A所示，第一公共电极173可设置在第一基板110靠近第一液晶层172的一侧，第一驱动电极174可设置在第二基板171靠近第一液晶层172的一侧。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此，第一驱动电极174也可设置在第一基板110靠近第一液晶层172的一侧，第一公共电极173可设置在第 二基板171靠近第一液晶层172的一侧。
例如，在一些示例中，如图2A所示，第一信号线140位于第二基板171与第一驱动电极174之间。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此，当第一公共电极位于第二基板靠近第一液晶层的一侧时，第一信号线位于第一液晶层远离第一公共电极的一侧以保证第一信号线与第一公共电极之间设置有第一液晶层，从而实现第一液晶层对第一信号线上的电磁波的相位的调制。
例如，在一些示例中，如图2A所示，第一相位调制器170还包括第一封框胶177，位于第一基板110和第二基板171之间并被配置为限定第一液晶层172。由此，第一基板110、第二基板171和第一封框胶177可形成一个液晶盒，以容纳形成第一液晶层172的液晶分子。
例如，在一些示例中，如图2A所示，辐射贴片120位于第二基板171远离第一液晶层172的一侧。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此。
图2B为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构中第一相位调制器的剖面示意图。如图2B所示，辐射贴片120位于第二基板171靠近第一液晶层172的一侧，并与第一信号线140同层。
需要说明的是，在图2B所示的方案中，辐射贴片120可与第一液晶层172交叠。此时，由于辐射贴片120与第一液晶层172交叠，因此可进一步减小该天线结构所占的面积。
图3为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图。如图3所示，该天线结构还包括第二相位调制器180。第二相位调制器180可对第二信号线150上的电磁波的相位进行调制。由此，第一相位调制器170对第一信号线140上的电磁波的相位进行调制；第二相位调制器180对第二信号线150上的电磁波的相位进行调制；当经过第一相位调制器170调制的第一信号线140上的第一线极化波与经过第二相位调制器180调制的第二信号线150上的第二线极化波的相位差为±90度时，第一信号线140上的第一线极化波和第二信号线150上的第二线极化波可在辐射贴片120形成圆极化波，并从辐射贴片120进行接收和发射。当经过第一相位调制器170调制的第一信号线140上的第一线极化波与经过第二相位调制器180调制的第二信号线150上的第二线极化波的相位差为0度时，第一信号线140上的第一线极化波和第二信号线150上的第二线极化波可在辐射贴片120形成线极化波，并从辐射贴片120进行发射和接收。当本公开实施例提供的天线结构接收圆极化波(包括左旋圆极化波和右旋圆极 化波)时，圆极化波可在辐射贴片120分解为两个正交的线极化波，并分别通过第一信号线140和第二信号线150传输到射频口130。由此，可通过控制第一相位调制器170和第二相位调制器180使得该天线结构利用单一射频口实现接收和发射左旋圆极化波、右旋圆极化波、和线极化波。
例如，在一些示例中，如图3所示，第一馈电点121和辐射贴片120的中心的第一连线垂直于第二馈电点122与辐射贴片120的中心的第二连线。由此，可保证第一馈电点121和第二馈电点122的线极化波正交，从而便于形成圆极化波。
例如，在一些示例中，如图3所示，第一相位调制器170在第一基板110上的正投影位于辐射贴片120在第一基板110上的正投影的第一馈电点121所在的一侧，第二相位调制器180在第一基板110上的正投影位于辐射贴片120在第一基板110上的正投影的第二馈电点122所在的一侧。由此，当该天线结构包括两个相位调制器，即第一相位调制器和第二相位调制器时，可充分利用空间，进一步减小该天线结构的体积。
例如，在一些示例中，如图3所示，第一相位调制器170在第一基板110上的正投影与辐射贴片120在第一基板110上的正投影间隔设置，第二相位调制器180在第一基板110上的正投影与辐射贴片120在第一基板110上的正投影间隔设置。
例如，在一些示例中，第一液晶层中液晶分子的介电常数为ε ∥1-ε⊥2，第一信号线与第一液晶层重叠的长度L 1满足：
Figure PCTCN2019081310-appb-000003
其中，ε ∥1为第一液晶层中液晶分子的平行介电常数，ε⊥2为第一液晶层中液晶分子的垂直介电常数，c为光速，f 1为第一信号线上电磁波的频率。
例如，在一些示例中，第二液晶层中液晶分子的介电常数范围包括ε ∥3-ε⊥4，第二信号线与第二液晶层重叠的长度L 2满足：
Figure PCTCN2019081310-appb-000004
其中，ε ∥2为第二液晶层中液晶分子的平行介电常数，ε⊥2为第二液晶层中液晶分子的垂直介电常数，c为光速，f 2为第二信号线上电磁波的频率。
图4为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构的工作示意图。如图4所示，第二相位调制器180不对第二信号线150上的电磁波的相位进行调制；第 一相位调制器170对第一信号线140上的电磁波的相位进行调制，使第一信号线140上电磁波的相位产生-90度的相位差；第一信号线140上的第一线极化波和第二信号线150上的第二线极化波可分别通过第一馈电点121和第二馈电点122传输到辐射贴片120，并可在辐射贴片120形成左旋圆极化波，并从辐射贴片120进行接收和发射。
图5为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构的工作示意图。如图5所示，第二相位调制器180不对第二信号线150上的电磁波的相位进行调制；第一相位调制器170对第一信号线140上的电磁波的相位进行调制，使第一信号线140上电磁波的相位产生90度的相位差；第一信号线140上的第一线极化波和第二信号线150上的第二线极化波可分别通过第一馈电点121和第二馈电点122传输到辐射贴片120，并可在辐射贴片120形成右旋圆极化波，并从辐射贴片120进行接收和发射。
图6为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构的工作示意图。如图6所示，第一相位调制器170不对第一信号线140上的电磁波的相位进行调制；第二相位调制器180不对第二信号线150上的电磁波的相位进行调制；第一信号线140上的第一线极化波和第二信号线150上的第二线极化波可分别通过第一馈电点121和第二馈电点122传输到辐射贴片120，并在辐射贴片120形成线极化波，并从辐射贴片120进行接收和发射。
需要说明的是，本公开实施例提供的天线结构的工作状态不仅限于图4-图6所描述的几种情况，还可根据实际情况分别利用第一相位调制器和第二相位调制器分别对第一信号线和第二信号线上的电磁波进行相位调制。
例如，在一些示例中，第二相位调制器180也可采用与第一相位调制器170相似的结构。图7A为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构中第二相位调制器的剖面示意图。图7A为沿图3所示的CD线所截的截面示意图。如图7A所示，第二相位调制器180包括与第一基板110相对设置的第三基板181、夹设在第一基板110和第三基板181之间的第二液晶层182以及第二公共电极183和第二驱动电极184。第二公共电极183和第二驱动电极184之一设置在第一基板110靠近第二液晶层182的一侧，第二公共电极183和第二驱动电极184的另一个设置在第三基板181靠近第二液晶层182的一侧的。第二信号线150在第一基板110上的正投影与第二液晶层182在第一基板110上的正投影至少部分重叠。第二相位调制器180可通过第二公共电极183和第二驱动电极 184上的电压调节第二液晶层182中的液晶分子的取向，以改变第二液晶层182的有效介电常数，从而对第二信号线150上的电磁波的相位进行调制。并且，采用液晶天线结构的第二相位调制器还具有体积小、轻薄等优点，更有利于实现本公开实施例提供的天线结构的小型化。需要说明的是，图7A中也示出了辐射贴片120(图中虚线框所示)，辐射贴片120与第二液晶层182并不交叠，因此通过虚线框进行表示。
例如，如图7A所示，第二公共电极183可设置在第一基板110靠近第二液晶层182的一侧，第二驱动电极184可设置在第三基板181靠近第二液晶层182的一侧。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此，第二驱动电极184也可设置在第一基板110靠近第二液晶层182的一侧，第二公共电极183可设置在第三基板181靠近第二液晶层182的一侧。
例如，在一些示例中，如图7A所示，第二相位调制器180还包括第二封框胶187，位于第一基板110和第三基板181之间并被配置为限定第二液晶层182。由此，第一基板110、第三基板181和第二封框胶187可形成一个液晶盒，以容纳形成第二液晶层182的液晶分子。
例如，在一些示例中，如图7A所示，第二信号线150位于第三基板181和第二驱动电极184之间。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此，当第二公共电极位于第三基板靠近第二液晶层的一侧时，第二信号线位于第二液晶层远离第二公共电极的一侧，以保证第二信号线与第二公共电极之间设置有第二液晶层，从而实现第二液晶层对第二信号线上的电磁波的相位的调制。
例如，在一些示例中，如图7A所示，辐射贴片120位于第三基板181远离第二液晶层182的一侧。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此。
图7B为根据本公开一实施例提供的另一种天线结构中第二相位调制器的剖面示意图。如图7B所示，辐射贴片120位于第三基板181靠近第二液晶层182的一侧，并与第二信号线150同层。
例如，图7C为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构中第一相位调制器和第二相位调制器的剖面示意图。图7C为沿图3所示的EF线所截的截面示意图。如图7C所示，第二基板171和第三基板181可为同一基板；第一液晶层172和第二液晶层182可同层设置。也就是说，图2A中的第二基板171和图7A中的第三基板181可利用同一基板形成；图2A中的第一液晶层172和图7A中的第二液晶层182可同层设置。
例如，如图7C所示，第二基板171和第三基板181为同一基板，第一公共电极173和第二公共电极183为在第一基板110上的同一公共电极。也就是说，图2A中的第二基板171和图7A中的第三基板181可利用同一基板形成；图2A中的第一公共电极173和图7A中的第二公共电极183可利用同一电极层形成。
本公开一实施例提供一种天线结构的调制方法。该天线结构包括上述的天线结构。图8为根据本公开一实施例提供的一种天线结构的调制方法的流程图。如图8所示，该调制方法包括步骤S801-S803。
步骤S801：在射频口输入线极化波；
步骤S802：功分器件将线极化波分配至第一信号线和第二信号线。
步骤S803：第一相位调制器对第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交。
在本公开实施例提供的天线结构的调制方法中，功分器件将来自射频口的线极化波分配至第一信号线和第二信号线；也就是说，第一信号线和第二信号线上的电磁波为线极化波；然后，第一相位调制器对第一信号线上的电磁波的相位进行调制；当经过第一相位调制器调制的第一信号线上的第一线极化波与第二信号线上的第二线极化波的相位差例如为±90度时，第一信号线上的第一线极化波和第二信号线上的第二线极化波可在辐射贴片形成圆极化波，并从辐射贴片进行接收和发射。当经过第一相位调制器调制的第一信号线上的第一线极化波与第二信号线上的第二线极化波的相位差为0度时，第一信号线上的第一线极化波和第二信号线上的第二线极化波可在辐射贴片形成线极化波，并从辐射贴片进行接收和发射。由此，可通过控制第一相位调制器使得该天线结构利用单一射频口实现接收和发射左旋圆极化波、右旋圆极化波、和线极化波。
值得注意的是，当第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交时，如果第一信号线上的第一线极化波与第二信号线上的第二线极化波的相位差不为±90度且不为0度时，辐射贴片上形成的为椭圆极化波；如果第一信号线上的第一线极化波与第二信号线上的第二线极化波的功率不相等时，辐射贴片上形成的也为椭圆极化波；如果第一信号线上的第一线极化波与第二信号线上的第二线极化波的功率相等，且相位差为±90度时，辐射贴片上形成的为正圆极化波。
例如，在一些示例中，第一信号线上的电磁波的功率与第二信号线上的电磁波的功率之差小于第一信号线上的电磁波的功率和第二信号线上的电磁波的功率中较大的值的50％。从而可保证形成的圆极化波的轴比较小，更利于信息的传播与接收。
例如，在一些示例中，功分器件将线极化波分配至第一信号线和第二信号线包括：功分器件将射频口的电磁波等功率地分配至第一信号线和第二信号线，即第一信号线上的第一线极化波和第二信号线上的第二线极化波为等功率的线极化波。从而形成的圆极化波为正圆极化波，从而可进一步利于信息的传播与接收。
例如，在一些示例中，上述天线结构还包括：第二相位调制器，可对第二信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制。此时，上述的步骤803还可包括：第二相位调制器还对第二信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使第二信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变。
例如，在一些示例中，第一相位调制器对第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交包括：第一相位调制器对第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使第一信号线上的线极化波的相位与第二信号线上的线极化波的相位相差90度。由此，第一信号线上的第一线极化波和第二信号线上的第二线极化波可分别通过第一馈电点和第二馈电点传输到辐射贴片，并可在辐射贴片形成右旋圆极化波，并从辐射贴片进行接收和发射。
例如，在一些示例中，第一相位调制器对第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交包括：第一相位调制器对第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使第一信号线上的线极化波的相位与第二信号线上的线极化波相差-90度。由此，第一信号线上的第一线极化波和第二信号线上的第二线极化波可分别通过第一馈电点和第二馈电点传输到辐射贴片，并可在辐射贴片形成左旋圆极化波，并从辐射贴片进行接收和发射。
有以下几点需要说明：
(1)本公开实施例附图中，只涉及到与本公开实施例涉及到的结构，其他结构可参考通常设计。
(2)在不冲突的情况下，本公开同一实施例及不同实施例中的特征可以 相互组合。
以上，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种天线结构，包括：
    辐射贴片，包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点；
    射频口；
    第一信号线，一端与所述第一馈电点相连；
    第二信号线，一端与所述第二馈电点相连；
    功分器件，与所述射频口、所述第一信号线的另一端和所述第二信号线的另一端分别相连，并被配置为将所述射频口的电磁波分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线；以及
    第一相位调制器，被配置为对所述第一信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率与所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率之差小于所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率和所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率中较大的值的50％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线结构，其中，所述功分器件被配置为将所述射频口的电磁波等功率地分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的天线结构，其中，所述天线结构还包括第一基板，所述第一相位调制器包括：
    第二基板，与所述第一基板相对设置；
    第一液晶层，夹设在所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间；以及
    第一公共电极和第一驱动电极，所述第一公共电极和所述第一驱动电极之一位于所述第一液晶层靠近所述第一基板的一侧，另一个位于所述第一液晶层靠近所述第二基板的一侧，
    其中，所述第一信号线在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第一液晶层在所述第一基板上的正投影至少部分重叠。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线结构，还包括：
    第二相位调制器，被配置为对所述第二信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线结构，其中，所述第二相位调制器包括：
    第三基板，与所述第一基板相对设置；
    第二液晶层，夹设在所述第一基板和所述第三基板之间；以及
    第二公共电极和第二驱动电极，所述第二公共电极和所述第二驱动电极之 一位于所述第二液晶层靠近所述第一基板的一侧，另一个位于所述第二液晶层靠近所述第三基板的一侧的，
    其中，所述第二信号线在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第二液晶层在所述第一基板上的正投影至少部分重叠。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6任一项所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一液晶层中液晶分子的介电常数范围包括ε ||1-ε⊥2，所述第一信号线与所述第一液晶层重叠的长度L 1满足：
    Figure PCTCN2019081310-appb-100001
    其中，ε ||1为所述第一液晶层中液晶分子的平行介电常数，ε⊥2为所述第一液晶层中液晶分子的垂直介电常数，c为光速，f 1为所述第一信号线上电磁波的频率。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其中，所述第二液晶层的液晶分子的介电常数范围包括ε ||3-ε⊥4，所述第二信号线与所述第二液晶层重叠的长度L 2满足：
    Figure PCTCN2019081310-appb-100002
    其中，ε ||2为所述第二液晶层中液晶分子的平行介电常数，ε⊥2为所述第二液晶层中液晶分子的垂直介电常数，c为光速，f 2为所述第二信号线上电磁波的频率。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一信号线位于所述第二基板与所述第一驱动电极或所述第一公共电极之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线结构，其中，所述第二信号线位于所述第三基板和所述第二驱动电极或所述第二公共电极之间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一信号线位于所述第一液晶层远离所述第一公共电极的一侧，所述第二信号线位于所述第二液晶层远离所述第二公共电极的一侧。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其中，所述第二基板与所述第三基板为同一基板，所述第一液晶层与所述第二液晶层同层设置，且所述第一公共电极与所述第二公共电极为同一公共电极。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射贴片位于所述第二基板远离所述第一液晶层的一侧。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射贴片位于所述第二基板靠近所述第一液晶层的一侧，并与所述第一信号线同层。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述第一液晶层或所述第二液晶层在所述第一基板上的正投影部分交叠。
  16. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一馈电点和所述辐射贴片的中心的第一连线垂直于所述第二馈电点与所述辐射贴片的中心的第二连线。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影位于所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影的所述第一馈电点所在的一侧，所述第二相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影位于所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影的所述第二馈电点所在的一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其中，所述第一相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影间隔设置，且所述第二相位调制器在所述第一基板上的正投影与所述辐射贴片在所述第一基板上的正投影间隔设置。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的天线结构，其中，所述射频口的数量为一个。
  20. 一种天线结构的调制方法，其中，所述天线结构包括根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，所述调制方法包括：
    在所述射频口输入电磁波，其中，所述电磁波为线极化波；
    所述功分器件将所述线极化波分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线；
    所述第一相位调制器对所述第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使所述第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与所述第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的天线结构的调制方法，其中，所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率与所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率之差小于所述第一信号线上的电磁波的功率和所述第二信号线上的电磁波的功率中较大的值的50％。
  22. 根据权利要求20或21所述的天线结构的调制方法，其中，所述功分器件将所述线极化波分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线包括：
    所述功分器件将所述射频口的电磁波等功率地分配至所述第一信号线和所述第二信号线。
  23. 根据权利要求20-22所述的天线结构的调制方法，其中，所述天线结构还包括第二相位调制器，被配置为对所述第二信号线的电磁波的相位进行调制，所述第一相位调制器对所述第一信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使所述第一信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变并与所述第二信号线上的线极化波的相位正交还包括：
    所述第二相位调制器还对所述第二信号线的线极化波的相位进行调制以使所述第二信号线上的线极化波的相位发生改变。
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