WO2019218409A1 - 一种阿立哌唑缓释微球及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阿立哌唑缓释微球及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019218409A1
WO2019218409A1 PCT/CN2018/090345 CN2018090345W WO2019218409A1 WO 2019218409 A1 WO2019218409 A1 WO 2019218409A1 CN 2018090345 W CN2018090345 W CN 2018090345W WO 2019218409 A1 WO2019218409 A1 WO 2019218409A1
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Prior art keywords
aripiprazole
polylactide
microspheres
glycolide copolymer
microsphere
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PCT/CN2018/090345
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆文岐
陈斌
孔祥生
徐朋
王燕清
任兵
陈渺丽
陈艳华
江晓漫
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Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc
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Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc
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Priority to JP2021514460A priority Critical patent/JP7190029B2/ja
Priority to US17/055,540 priority patent/US11951104B2/en
Priority to KR1020207036050A priority patent/KR102507678B1/ko
Priority to EP18917042.6A priority patent/EP3607940B1/en
Publication of WO2019218409A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019218409A1/zh
Priority to PH12020551867A priority patent/PH12020551867A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US18/584,867 priority patent/US20240269131A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1641—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
    • A61K9/1647—Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1682—Processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1682—Processes
    • A61K9/1694—Processes resulting in granules or microspheres of the matrix type containing more than 5% of excipient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical preparations, in particular to an aripiprazole sustained release microsphere and a preparation method thereof.
  • Aripiprazole is a novel atypical anti-schizophrenia drug that has a two-way regulation of the nervous system and is a stabilizer for the transmitter.
  • Aripiprazole has high affinity with D2, D3, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, which are produced by partial agonism of D2 and 5-HT1A receptors and antagonism of 5-HT2A receptors. It is resistant to schizophrenia and is therefore used to treat various types of schizophrenia.
  • Foreign clinical trials have shown that aripiprazole has obvious curative effects on both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and can also improve the associated emotional symptoms and reduce the recurrence rate of schizophrenia.
  • refusal to take drugs is very prominent and requires long-term medication.
  • Long-acting injection sustained-release microspheres can reduce the number of times of drug administration, and have the characteristics of convenient administration, good bioavailability, stable blood concentration, no liver first pass effect, high patient compliance, etc., so aripiprazole has long-term effects. Sustained release microspheres have high clinical value.
  • the long-acting aripiprazole sustained-release preparations are commercially available as Abilify Maintena and Arista, which are produced and produced by Japanese giant salamander and American ALkermes.
  • both of the listed products have the same defect, that is, because the concentration of the drug released in the early stage of the drug is low, the effective drug concentration cannot be achieved, and the therapeutic effect is achieved by oral tablets within 14 days after administration.
  • This mode of administration still retains the inconvenience of short-acting drugs in clinical administration, and there is still a huge peak-valley effect in the early administration process, which brings about large side effects and excessive drug use.
  • the patent application CN102133171A of ALKERMES discloses aripiprazole microcrystalline preparations rather than microsphere products.
  • the average diameter of the aripiprazole crystallites involved in the patent application is between about 30 micrometers and 80 micrometers.
  • the needle diameter is 0.5-0.8mm, the patient has obvious pain when injecting; in addition, due to the larger particle size of the drug, it is necessary to increase the viscosity so that the drug particles in the suspension are always in suspension, resulting in a suspending agent. The injection is difficult.
  • the suspension before injection is prone to precipitation, and it needs to be slowly and continuously carried out when the suspended drug solution is sucked into the syringe, and kept in a suspended state, otherwise the needle may be clogged, and the complicated operation may be performed during the injection administration. Improper damage can easily cause the needle to clog and the injection fails.
  • the entire drug delivery process needs to be completed after special training by medical personnel, resulting in inability to be widely applied in general medical institutions, and inconvenience to the promotion of drug use.
  • the publication of the company CN101742989B and the Shogo Hiraoka et al. (Preparation and Characterization of High-Content Aripiprazole-Loaded Core-Shell Structure Microsphere for Long-Release Injectable Formulation) relates to a core/shell structure microsphere, the micro The ball also has problems in that the particle size of the microsphere is too large, the needle No. 5 cannot be used, the injection operation is required to be high, and the patient feels painful.
  • the microspheres prepared according to the method disclosed in the patent have a concentrated release of 10% of the drug on the first day, which may increase the risk of side effects due to the excessive concentration of the drug; the patent mentions that most of the samples are released for more than 2 months.
  • the development of products for one month is more advantageous in terms of safety and timeliness of risk control.
  • the core/shell structure developed the release mode is more dependent on the composition of the nuclear component, the release of the controlled drug is relatively simple, and the concentrated release may occur due to the rapid degradation of the shell, or the slow degradation rate of the shell may cause the drug to be released slowly.
  • the discontinuous release phenomenon occurs.
  • Patent CN1870980B discloses a preparation method of aripiprazole aseptic injection, and the preparation process of aripiprazole aseptic injection requires a grinding process and the like, and the preparation period is long, and the aseptic conditions required in the preparation process are easily destroyed. It does not apply to large-scale industrial production.
  • patent or patent application CN102525915B, CN103301461A, CN105012236A disclosed aripiprazole long-acting injection contains injection oil, which will lead to increased pain during injection, clinical significance small.
  • the particle size of the patent application CN106727358A cannot be controlled within 20 microns, and the No. 5 needle cannot be used, and the release period of the microsphere is 2 months.
  • Tushar Nahata and Tulsi Ram Saini published the document "D-Optimal Designing and Optimization of Long Acting Microsphere-Based Injectable Formulation of Aripiprazole", which discloses that the aripiprazole microspheres have a drug loading of less than 30% and cannot meet clinical long-term effects. Slow release demand.
  • the microspheres do not produce a burst effect.
  • the microsphere of the present invention has an average particle diameter of less than 20 ⁇ m, it can be applied to a No. 5 needle, thereby being capable of reducing patient suffering during administration.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microsphere provided by the invention not only has the characteristics of small particle size, but also has the characteristics of large drug loading, high yield, high sphericity and ability to adapt to large-scale production.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres
  • the present invention provides an aripiprazole sustained-release microsphere comprising aripiprazole or a salt thereof and a polylactide-glycolide copolymer;
  • the microspheres After dissolving the microspheres using solvent B, the microspheres have a spherical network skeleton structure, and network-shaped pores are distributed in the sphere; the aripiprazole or a salt thereof is filled in the pores;
  • the microspheres have an average particle diameter of less than 20 ⁇ m; the aripiprazole or a salt thereof is present in an amount of from 65% to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the microspheres.
  • the solvent B is any solvent capable of dissolving aripiprazole or a salt thereof, preferably 10% acetic acid or 20% acetic acid or 10% ethyl acetate.
  • the microspheres have an average particle diameter of 10 to 13 ⁇ m.
  • the aripiprazole or a salt thereof is contained in an amount of 70% to 75% by weight based on the total weight of the microspheres; more preferably 71%;
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has an intrinsic viscosity of from 0.2 to 0.55 dL/g; more preferably from 0.2 to 0.35 dL/g; most preferably 0.2 dL/g;
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has a distribution coefficient of from 1.0% to 3.0%; more preferably from 1.0% to 2.0%; most preferably 1.5%;
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer is present in an amount from 20% to 35% by weight of the total weight of the microspheres; more preferably from 25% to 30%; most preferably 29%.
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of from 15,000 to 60,000; more preferably from 20,000 to 40,000; further preferably from 20,000 to 30,000; most preferably 25,000;
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has a molar ratio of polylactide to glycolide of from 50:50 to 75:25; more preferably 50:50;
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the emulsion obtained in the step 2) is solidified, and after a period of time, the solvent is volatilized, fixed into a ball, harvested by centrifugation, and lyophilized to obtain microspheres having an average particle diameter of 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • step 1) the aripiprazole or a salt thereof and a polylactide-glycolide copolymer with aripiprazole or a salt thereof, a polylactide-glycolide copolymer and an organic solvent A
  • the total weight ratio is 9%-25% (w/w)
  • the weight ratio of the organic solvent A to aripiprazole or a salt thereof is 4:1 to 10:1; more preferably 8:1;
  • the weight ratio of the aripiprazole or a salt thereof to the polylactide-glycolide copolymer is 5:2; preferably, in the step 1), the organic solvent A It is dichloromethane.
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has an intrinsic viscosity of from 0.2 to 0.55 dL/g; more preferably from 0.2 to 0.35 dL/g; most preferably 0.2 dL/g ;
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has a distribution coefficient of from 1.0% to 3.0%; more preferably from 1.0% to 2.0%; most preferably 1.5%;
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of from 15,000 to 60,000; more preferably from 20,000 to 40,000; further preferably from 20,000 to 30,000; most preferably 25,000 ;
  • the polylactide-glycolide copolymer has a molar ratio of polylactide to glycolide of 50:50-75:25; more preferably 50:50;
  • the temperature is 40-65 ° C; more preferably, the temperature is 55 ° C, in some embodiments, when the temperature of the step is lower than 40 ° C, the mixture is difficult to dissolve; When the temperature of this step is too high, it will affect the control of the experimental process, and it is easy to cause safety hazards.
  • step 1) the shaking is carried out under conditions of heating at 40-65 ° C;
  • the concentration of the PVA solution is from 0.1% to 1% (w/v); more preferably from 0.5% to 1% (w/v); most preferably 1% ( w/v);
  • the ratio of the volume (L) of the PVA solution to the weight (g) of aripiprazole or a salt thereof is from 0.5 to 1.5:1; more preferably 1.24:1.
  • the volume ratio of organic solvent A to PVA added in step 1) is from 1:40 to 1:250, more preferably 1:205.
  • the pH is 9-14, more preferably, the pH is 10;
  • the controlled temperature is such that the temperature is below 15 ° C in the first hour of step 2), after which the temperature is maintained or raised to 15 ° C to 30 ° C for about 2 hours; more preferably Ground, the temperature was controlled to 12 °C during the first hour of step 2).
  • the stirring stirring rate is 3000 rpm
  • step 3 the curing is carried out for 3 hours;
  • the microspheres have an average particle diameter of 10 to 13 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention provides a suspending agent comprising the aripiprazole sustained release microspheres of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is selected from the group consisting of a suspending agent, a pH adjusting agent, an isotonicity adjusting agent, a surfactant, water, and a physiological saline;
  • the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, poly a vinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, and glycerin;
  • the isotonicity adjusting agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol;
  • the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of Polysorbate series and poloxamer series.
  • the aripiprazole sustained release microspheres of the present invention are prepared as a suspension (for injectable) comprising the aripiprazole sustained release microspheres of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable Accepted carrier, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising the following components by weight: mannitol 0-10%; sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0-5%; adjusted pH 6.5-7.5.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres of the present invention are dissolved in a 20% acetic acid solution, sprayed with gold after natural air drying, and observed by scanning electron microscopy, the microspheres of the present invention have a spherical network skeleton structure, as shown in FIG. 5 and 6 is shown.
  • the aripiprazole of the present invention includes crystals of aripiprazole, an amorphous or amorphous form, aripiprazole hydrate, or other homophile of aripiprazole.
  • the present invention also relates to the administration of the aripiprazole sustained release microspheres of the present invention to a subject in need thereof, thereby obtaining a sustained release profile in a patient for at least 7 days, 14 days. Day, 1 month.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microsphere of the present invention which releases aripiprazole within at least one month after the injection, does not need to be administered orally to achieve an effective drug concentration within 14 days, and is smoothly released at a later stage, and Can be completely released within 30 days;
  • the phenomenon of sudden release may cause the drug concentration in the human body to rise rapidly in a short period of time, and shorten the effect period of the drug, which is a key issue that limits the wide application of the microsphere.
  • the smaller the particle size of the microspheres the greater the drug loading and the more serious the burst phenomenon.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microsphere of the present invention overcomes the above disadvantages, and the compatibility of the active material with the high-molecular polymer in the microsphere prepared by the invention is good through the selection of specific raw materials and ratios. The rate is high. Under the condition that the average particle diameter of the microsphere is 10 micrometers and the drug loading is 68%-75%, the problem of sudden release of the microspheres is solved.
  • the existing microsphere products have a particle size of 20-100 ⁇ m and can only be applied to needles 7 and 8 (inner diameter 0.51-0.84 mm).
  • the patient has obvious pain during injection; the microspheres of the invention
  • the diameter distribution is narrower, the uniformity is good, the average particle size is controlled within 20 ⁇ m, and the needle can be injected by the 5th needle.
  • the compliance is consistent with the common injection solution, which reduces the patient's pain.
  • the needle model is shown in Table 1 below:
  • the suspension used in the existing microsphere products needs to increase the viscosity so that the drug particles are always in suspension, which makes the injection of the suspension agent difficult.
  • the pre-injection suspension is prone to precipitation.
  • the suspension drug solution When the suspension drug solution is sucked into the syringe, it needs to be slowly and continuously carried out, and kept in a suspended state. Otherwise, the needle may be clogged, and complicated operation is also required in the injection administration process, if the operation is improper It is very easy to cause the needle to clog and the injection fails.
  • the entire drug delivery process needs to be completed after special training by medical personnel, resulting in inability to be widely applied in general medical institutions, and inconvenience to the promotion of drug use.
  • the microsphere particles when the average particle diameter of the microspheres is less than 20 ⁇ m, the microsphere particles can be well dispersed and suspended in the solution for a long time without being dissolved or aggregated when dissolved by a suspending agent.
  • the well-dispersed suspending agent can be smoothly carried out. If the average particle diameter of the microspheres is 20 ⁇ m or more, sedimentation, migration, aggregation, and clogging of the needle are likely to occur.
  • the microspheres of the present invention have an average particle diameter of less than 20 ⁇ m, are easy to suspend in a suspension having a low viscosity, are not easy to precipitate, are convenient for injection, and are convenient for the operation of medical personnel, and use a No. 5 needle. Reduce the pain of the patient.
  • microspheres of the present invention have a particle size span of 1-2 micrometers, have stable quality, are easy to suspend during the injection process, do not settle, are not easy to block the needle, are simple to operate, and require no additional training for medical personnel, and medical personnel in general medical institutions are Operable.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres of the present invention can achieve a drug loading of 65%-80% under the condition of ensuring a small particle size, and the amount of methylene chloride used in the process is small.
  • the content is high, the yield is high, the yield reaches 3g/L, and the existing microsphere process technology can only reach 1g/L.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres of the present invention have a spherical network structure and a spherical network structure, which is very advantageous for increasing the drug loading of the aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres.
  • the inventors selected the best ratio of aripiprazole to polylactide-glycolide copolymer through a large number of experiments. When the weight ratio of the two is too high or too low, the uniform release of the product exists. Certain influence.
  • the inventors have also found that in the step 2) of the production method of the present invention, the control of time and temperature is very important for the results of the experiment. In the first hour, the temperature is too low, the API is easy to crystallize and solidify rapidly, forming more microcrystalline crystal forms; when the temperature is too high, more large crystal forms are formed, destroying the microspheres and forming irregular solid particles.
  • the preparation method of the aripiprazole sustained-release microsphere provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, stable and reproducible results, industrial large-scale production, and corrosion-inhibiting microspheres with a spherical network skeleton structure and Compared with the existing core-shell microspheres, the microspheres have a significantly smaller particle size and a significantly better pharmacodynamics.
  • Figure 1 Scanning electron micrograph of microsphere sample prepared in Example 1.
  • the microspheres have a drug loading of 71%, a yield of 92%, good sphericity, and the surface of the microspheres is smooth and complete.
  • the scanning electron micrograph of the obtained microsphere samples is shown in Fig. 1. Dissolved by 10% ethyl acetate, the microspheres were found to have a spherical network structure (Fig. 5); the blood concentration was quickly released in the early stage to ensure that the effective drug concentration was reached as soon as possible, and the plate was completely and completely released within one month.
  • the microspheres have a drug loading of 70%, a yield of 87%, good sphericity, and the surface of the microspheres is smooth and complete.
  • the scanning electron micrograph of the obtained microsphere samples is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 6 By dissolving in 10% acetic acid, it was found that the microspheres had a spherical network skeleton structure (Fig. 6); the blood drug concentration was released rapidly in the early stage to ensure that the effective drug concentration was reached as soon as possible, and the plateau was completely and completely released in one month.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 68% and a yield of 80%. Only a few pellets are obtained from the harvested samples. Most of the samples are irregular particles with poor fluidity. The scanning electron micrograph of the obtained microsphere samples is shown in Fig. 3.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 72% and a yield of 89.2%.
  • the sphericity is good and the surface of the microspheres is smooth and complete.
  • the scanning electron micrograph of the obtained microsphere samples is shown in Fig. 4.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 71.6% and a yield of 93.2%.
  • the globularity is good and the surface of the microspheres is smooth and complete.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 65.3%, a yield of 56%, poor sphericity, a large number of samples sticking together, irregular particles and poor fluidity.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 53%, a yield of 61%, no ball, irregular particles, a large number of fragments, and poor fluidity.
  • aripiprazole in which aripiprazole accounts for 65% of the total weight of aripiprazole and polylactide-glycolide copolymer
  • 17 g of a polylactide-glycolide copolymer wherein polylactide - glycolide copolymer 0.35dL / g, distribution coefficient of 2.0%, weight average molecular weight of 25000, polylactide and glycolide molar ratio of 50:50, adding dichloromethane 500g (content 9% w / w) Mix, heat at 40 ° C, shake and dissolve.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 61%, a yield of 86%, good sphericity, regular surface, smooth and good fluidity.
  • aripiprazole (wherein aripiprazole accounts for 80% of the total weight of aripiprazole and polylactide-glycolide copolymer) and 12 g of polylactide-glycolide copolymer, wherein polylactide - Glycolide copolymer 0.2dL / g, distribution coefficient 1.5%, weight average molecular weight is 30,000, the molar ratio of polylactide to glycolide is 75:25, 200g of dichloromethane (content 24% w / w) Mix, heat at 65 ° C, shake and dissolve.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 73%, a yield of 91%, good sphericity, regular particle size, smooth surface and good fluidity.
  • Aripiprazole 50g (aripiprazole content 80%) and polylactide-glycolide copolymer 12g mixed, of which polylactide-glycolide copolymer 0.3dL / g, distribution coefficient of 2.0%, weight average
  • the molecular weight is 60,000
  • the molar ratio of polylactide to glycolide is 75:25
  • 250 g of dichloromethane (content 20% w/w) is added
  • the heating temperature is 65 ° C
  • the solution is dissolved by shaking.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 76%, a yield of 86%, good sphericity, regular particle size, smooth surface and good fluidity.
  • Aripiprazole 32g (aliprazole content 65%) and polylactide-glycolide copolymer 17g mixed, of which polylactide-glycolide copolymer 0.2dL / g, distribution coefficient of 1.0%, weight average
  • the molecular weight is 15000, the molar ratio of polylactide to glycolide is 65:35, 500 g of dichloromethane (content 9% w/w) is added, and the heating temperature is 65 ° C, and the solution is dissolved by shaking.
  • microspheres have a drug loading of 63%, a yield of 93%, good sphericity, regular particle size, smooth surface and good fluidity.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres were prepared to determine the particle diameter, as shown in Table 2 below, wherein groups 1-11 were aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres prepared in Examples 1-11, and aripiprazole in group 12, respectively.
  • the preparation method of the microspheres is as described in Example 9 of the patent CN201710052728, and the preparation method of the aripiprazole microsphere of the group 13 is as described in the embodiment 7 of the patent CN200880021585.8.
  • FIG. 7 is a particle size distribution diagram of the microsphere sample prepared in Example 1.
  • Sample determination Weigh about 25 mg of this product (about 20 mg of aripiprazole), place it in a 10 ml vial, add 5 ml of purified water with a pipette, and prepare 2 parts in parallel.
  • the optical model was set to Fraunhofer rfd, the purified water was used as the dispersion medium, the rotation speed was set to 2200 rpm, the sample was suspended for 5 min before the detection, and the sample was shaken first, and the sample was slowly dropped into the sample tank with a dropper until the shading The sample was stopped at 5% to 10%, and the results were measured and recorded (averaged 3 times in parallel).
  • test group Particle size range (D10/D90) Average particle size (D50/ ⁇ m) 1 0.3/18.7 9.3 2 1.5/16.5 12.3 3 0.6/86.9 35.6 4 3.5/17.2 10.6 5 5.9/19.6 11.5 6 0.1/125.3 48.6 7 0.8/142.6 34.2 8 1.2/22.6 13.6 9 5.6/21.5 16.8 10 1.6/18.9 11.6 11 2.8/26.3 12.8 12 26.9/87.1 48.6 13 32.7/68.1 35.9
  • the average particle size of the 3, 6, 7, 12, and 13 microspheres in the experimental group is greater than 20 ⁇ m, and the 5th needle cannot be used for the injection operation.
  • the aripiprazole long-acting microspheres prepared in Example 1 of the present invention are prepared into a preparation by a method of weighing quantitative microspheres and dispersing with the prepared suspension (suspension includes: mannitol 7%; carboxymethyl cellulose) Sodium 5%; pH 6.8), formulated into a solids concentration ratio of 15% (w / v) pharmaceutical preparations.
  • Group A is a microsphere preparation prepared according to the method of Example 1;
  • Group B is prepared by the same suspension according to the method described in Example 7 of Patent CN200880021585.8;
  • Group C is a group B preparation simultaneously Oral aripiprazole tablets (2 mg/kg/day) were administered.
  • the samples of the above three groups were separately injected into the thigh muscle of the rat at a dose of 25 mg/kg, and the group 3 was orally administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for the first 14 days after the injection; on the first day (after the injection) Blood samples were collected at 6 hours, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days.
  • the plasma concentration of the drug was determined by the established LC-MS method, and the plasma concentration and time curve of the rats were plotted to evaluate the blood drug. Concentration-time relationship.
  • the curve of group A is relatively stable, the blood drug concentration is maintained in the effective concentration range during drug administration, and the drug concentration is decreased after 30 days to ensure complete release; the sustained release time of the curve drug in group B is longer, more than one month, and the drug concentration rises slowly in the early stage. There is a delay phenomenon; group C oral administration, there is a significant "peak and valley” phenomenon, blood concentration fluctuates drastically.
  • the aripiprazole sustained-release microspheres prepared in the embodiments 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9 of the present invention are prepared into a preparation, and the specific method is: weighing the microspheres and dispersing with the prepared suspension (the suspension includes: Mannitol 7%; carboxymethylcellulose sodium 5%; pH 6.8), formulated into a solids concentration ratio of 15% (w / v) pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the suspension includes: Mannitol 7%; carboxymethylcellulose sodium 5%; pH 6.8
  • the samples of the above three groups were separately injected into the thigh muscle of the rat at a dose of 25 mg/kg, and the group 3 was orally administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for the first 14 days after the injection; on the first day (after the injection) Blood samples were collected at 6 hours, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days.
  • the plasma concentration of the drug was determined by the established LC-MS method, and the plasma concentration and time curve of the rats were plotted to evaluate the blood drug. Concentration-time relationship.
  • the curve of group A is stable, and the blood drug concentration is maintained within the effective range during the administration cycle. After 28 days, the blood drug concentration is decreased to ensure complete release; the curve of group B is similar to that of group A, and then the blood concentration drops rapidly after 20 days. However, it was also within the effective concentration range; the concentration decreased rapidly after 20 days in group C, similar to group B, and both were within the effective range; the blood concentration in group D, E and F was relatively stable during the drug administration cycle, and the drug concentration decreased rapidly in the later period. , but all are within the effective range.
  • the aripiprazole long-acting microspheres prepared in Example 1 of the present invention are prepared into a preparation by a method of weighing quantitative microspheres and dispersing with the prepared suspension (suspension includes: mannitol 7%; carboxymethyl cellulose) Sodium 5%; pH 6.8), formulated into a solids concentration ratio of 15% (w / v) pharmaceutical preparations.
  • Group A is a microsphere preparation prepared according to the method of Example 1;
  • Group B is a microsphere prepared according to the method described in Example 9 of Patent CN201710052728, which is formulated into the same suspension;
  • Group C is according to Example 1 of Patent CN201410219991.
  • the microspheres prepared by the method are formulated into the preparation with the same suspension;
  • the samples of the above three groups were separately injected into the thigh muscle of the rat at a dose of 25 mg/kg, and the group 3 was orally administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for the first 14 days after the injection; on the first day (after the injection) Blood samples were collected at 6 hours, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days.
  • the plasma concentration of the drug was determined by the established LC-MS method, and the plasma concentration and time curve of the rats were plotted to evaluate the blood drug. Concentration-time relationship.
  • the curve of group A is stable, and the blood drug concentration is maintained within the effective range during the administration cycle. After 28 days, the blood drug concentration is decreased to ensure complete release; the blood concentration of group B is delayed in the first 5 days, and the drug concentration is slowly increased in the later period. The effective concentration was reached; the blood concentration of group C was delayed in the first 7 days, and the rapid rise in the later period reached the effective range.
  • Example 16 PVA concentration selected embodiments
  • a certain amount of 1% PVA solution was prepared, the temperature was controlled at 12 ° C, sodium hydroxide was added to adjust pH 10, and the solvent was dispersed in an external PVA solution using a high speed emulsifier or a static mixer at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm. After curing for 3 hours, the microspheres were harvested by centrifugation and lyophilized.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种阿立哌唑缓释微球及其制备方法，所述微球包含阿立哌唑和聚丙交酯-乙交酯；其中，所述微球呈球形网状骨架结构，球形表面分布网状型小孔，阿立哌唑填充于所述小孔中，微球的平均粒径小于20μm，适用于5号针头；阿立哌唑的含量为所述微球总重量的65％-80％。

Description

一种阿立哌唑缓释微球及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域，具体涉及一种阿立哌唑缓释微球及其制备方法。
背景技术
阿立哌唑是一种新型的非典型抗精神分裂症药物，对神经系统具有双向调节作用，是递质的稳定剂。阿立哌唑与D2、D3、5-HT1A和5-HT2A受体有很高的亲和力，其通过对D2和5-HT1A受体的部分激动作用及对5-HT2A受体的拮抗作用来产生抗精神分裂症作用，从而用于治疗各类型的精神分裂症。国外临床试验表明，阿立哌唑对精神分裂症的阳性和阴性症状均有明显疗效，也能改善伴发的情感症状，降低精神分裂症的复发率。然而，由于精神病患者的特殊性，拒绝服药现象非常突出，并且需要长期服药，因此，需要开发能提高依从性的剂型和长效制剂。长效注射用缓释微球具有可以减少患者用药次数，具有给药方便、生物利用度较好、血药浓度平稳、无肝脏首过效应、患者顺从性高等特点，所以阿立哌唑长效缓释微球具有很高的临床价值。
目前长效阿立哌唑缓释制剂市售产品为Abilify Maintena及Arista，分别由日本大冢和美国ALkermes研制生产。目前这两种上市产品都存在同样缺陷，即，由于给药前期药物释放浓度较低，不能达到有效药物浓度，因此在给药后的14天内要通过口服片剂来达到治疗效果。这种给药方式在临床用药时依然保留了短效药物的不便性，在前期给药过程依然存在巨大的峰谷效应，带来较大副作用和过量用药。
ALKERMES公司的专利申请CN102133171A，公开的是阿立哌唑微米晶体制剂而非微球产品。同时，该专利申请涉及的阿立哌唑微晶平均直径约在30微米-80微米之间，根据已上市微球产品的粒径对应的注射器针头推测，需要使用7号或8号针头(18-21G)，该针头直径为0.5-0.8mm，患者在注射时疼痛感明显；此外，由于药物粒径较大，需要增加黏度来使 混悬液中药物颗粒始终处于悬浮状态，从而导致悬浮剂的注射困难。另外，注射前混悬液容易发生沉淀，在将混悬药物溶液吸入注射器时需要缓慢连续进行，并保持悬浮状态，否则会发生堵塞针头，在进行注射给药过程中同样经过复杂操作，若操作不当极容易造成针头堵塞从而注射失败。整个给药过程需要医护人员经过专门培训后才可完成，造成不能在普通医疗机构广泛适用，给用药的推广带来不便。
大冢公司的专利CN101742989B以及Shogo Hiraoka等(Preparation and Characterization of High-Content Aripiprazole-Loaded Core–Shell Structure Microsphere for Long-Release Injectable Formulation)公开的文献涉及了一种核/壳结构的微球，该微球也存在微球粒径过大，不能使用5号针头，注射操作要求高，患者痛感较大等问题。同时按照该专利中公开的方法制备的微球在首日出现10％药物的集中释放，可能由于药物浓度过高现象，增加副作用风险；专利提到样品大部分都是释放超过2个月的样品，对于精神分裂症药物副作用较大而且较严重情况下，开发1个月产品在安全及风险控制的及时性方面更有优势。所开发的核/壳结构，释放模式更多依赖于核组分的组成，对于控制药物的释放比较单一，可能发生由于壳的快速降解而产生集中释放，或者壳降解速度慢导致药物释放过慢，不连续释放现象发生。
专利CN1870980B公开了阿立哌唑无菌注射剂的制备方法，该专利涉及的阿立哌唑无菌注射剂制备过程需要研磨等工艺，制备周期长，同时在制备过程中要求的无菌条件容易被破坏，不适用于工业化大生产。
专利申请CN105078898A、CN105310997A的微球载药量过低，专利或专利申请CN102525915B、CN103301461A、CN105012236A公开的阿立哌唑长效注射剂中含有注射用油，会导致注射时患者痛感增强，临床使用意义较小。
专利申请CN106727358A的微球粒径不能控制在20微米以内，不能使用5号针头，同时该微球释放周期是2个月。
Tushar Nahata和Tulsi Ram Saini公开的文献“D-Optimal Designing and Optimization of Long ActingMicrosphere-Based Injectable Formulation of  Aripiprazole”，该文献公开的阿立哌唑微球载药量在30％以内，不能满足临床长效缓释需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种阿立哌唑缓释微球，所述微球在给药前期能迅速达到有效药物浓度，无需同时口服阿立哌唑片剂来达到治疗效果。此外，所述微球不会产生突释效果。另外，由于本发明的微球的平均粒径小于20μm，其能够适用于5号针头，从而在施用过程中能够减少患者痛苦。最后，本发明提供的阿立哌唑缓释微球不仅具有粒径小的特点，还具有载药量大、产量高、成球性高、能够适应大规模生产的特点。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种阿立哌唑缓释微球；
本发明的又一目的是提供一种阿立哌唑缓释微球的制备方法；
本发明的再一目的是提供一种包含上述阿立哌唑缓释微球的悬浮剂。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下：
一方面，本发明提供一种阿立哌唑缓释微球，所述微球包含阿立哌唑或其盐和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物；其中，
将所述微球使用溶剂B溶解后，所述微球呈球形网状骨架结构，球体中分布网状型小孔；所述阿立哌唑或其盐填充于所述小孔中；
所述微球的平均粒径小于20μm；所述阿立哌唑或其盐的含量为所述微球总重量的65％-80％。
优选地，所述溶剂B为能够溶解阿立哌唑或其盐的任意溶剂，优选为10％乙酸或20％乙酸或10％乙酸乙酯。
优选地，所述微球的平均粒径为10-13μm。
优选地，所述阿立哌唑或其盐的含量为所述微球总重量的70％-75％；更优选地为71％；
优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的特性粘度为0.2-0.55dL/g；更优选地为0.2-0.35dL/g；最优选地为0.2dL/g；
优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的分布系数为1.0％-3.0％；更优选地为1.0％-2.0％；最优选地为1.5％；
优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的含量为所述微球总重量的20％-35％；更优选地为25％-30％；最优选地为29％。
优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重均分子量为15000-60000；更优选地为20000-40000；进一步优选地为20000-30000；最优选地为25000；
优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物中聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50:50-75:25；更优选地为50:50；
另一方面，本发明提供一种阿立哌唑缓释微球的制备方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
1)将阿立哌唑或其盐和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物混合，加入有机溶剂A，加热至一定温度，震荡溶解；
2)在控制所述有机溶剂A蒸发的条件下，将步骤1)获得的溶液与PVA溶液混合，调节pH，控制一定温度并搅拌得乳液；
3)将步骤2)得到的乳液固化，经过一段时间溶剂挥发，固定成球，离心收获、冻干，即得平均粒径在20μm以下的微球。
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述阿立哌唑或其盐和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物与阿立哌唑或其盐、聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物和有机溶剂A的总重量的比为9％-25％(w/w)
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述有机溶剂A与阿立哌唑或其盐的重量比为4:1-10:1；更优选地为8:1；
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述阿立哌唑或其盐与聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重量比为5:2；优选地，在步骤1)中，所述有机溶剂A为二氯甲烷。
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的特性粘度为0.2-0.55dL/g；更优选地为0.2-0.35dL/g；最优选地为0.2dL/g；
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的分布系数为1.0％-3.0％；更优选地为1.0％-2.0％；最优选地为1.5％；
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重均分子量 为15000-60000；更优选地为20000-40000；进一步优选地为20000-30000；最优选地为25000；
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物中聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50:50-75:25；更优选地为50:50；
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述温度为40-65℃；更优选地，所述温度为55℃，在一些实施方案中，当该步骤的温度低于40℃，混合物难以溶解；当该步骤的温度过高时，则影响对实验过程的控制，且容易造成安全隐患。
优选地，在步骤1)中，所述震荡在加热40-65℃后条件下进行；
优选地，在步骤2)中，所述的PVA溶液的浓度为0.1％-1％(w/v)；更优选地为0.5％-1％(w/v)；最优选地为1％(w/v)；
优选地，在步骤2)中，所述PVA溶液的体积(L)与阿立哌唑或其盐的重量(g)比为0.5-1.5:1；更优选地为1.24:1。
优选地，在步骤2)中，步骤1)加入的有机溶剂A与PVA的体积比为1:40-1:250，更优选地为1:205。
优选地，在步骤2)中，所述pH为9-14，更优选地，所述pH为10；
优选地，在步骤2)中，所述控制一定温度为在步骤2)的前1小时内温度在15℃以下进行，之后维持该温度或升温至15℃-30℃达约2小时；更优选地，在步骤2)的前1小时内控制温度为12℃。
优选地，在步骤2)中，所述搅拌的搅拌速率为3000rpm；
优选地，在步骤3)中，所述固化进行3小时；
优选地，在步骤3)中，所述微球的平均粒径为10-13μm。
又一方面，本发明提供一种悬浮剂，所述悬浮剂包含本发明的阿立哌唑缓释微球和药学上可接受的载体。
优选地，所述药学上可接受的载体选自助悬剂、pH调节剂、等渗调节剂、表面活性剂、水、和生理盐水；所述助悬剂选自羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、海藻酸钠、和甘油；所述等渗调节剂选自氯化钠、葡萄糖、甘露醇、和山梨醇；所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂，选自聚山梨酯系列和泊洛沙姆系列。
在另一些实施方案中，将本发明所述的阿立哌唑缓释微球制备成悬浮 剂(可注射用)，该悬浮剂包含本发明的阿立哌唑缓释微球和药学上可接受的载体，所述药学上可接受的载体包括以下重量百分比的成分：甘露醇0-10％；羧甲基纤维素钠0-5％；调节pH为6.5-7.5。
本发明所述的阿立哌唑缓释微球，通过20％乙酸溶液溶解，自然风干后喷金，扫描电镜观察发现，本发明所述微球为球形网状骨架结构，如图5和图6所示。
本发明所述的阿立哌唑包括阿立哌唑晶体、非晶体或者无定型形式、阿立哌唑水合物、或者其他阿立哌唑的同质异像体。
本发明还涉及将本发明所述的阿立哌唑缓释微球施用于有此需要的受试者，由此获得在患者体内的持续释放分布，所述持续的时间为至少7天、14天、1个月。
本发明的优势：
1、本发明所述的阿立哌唑缓释微球，其在注射后至少1个月内释放阿立哌唑，给药14天内无需通过口服给药达到有效药物浓度，后期平稳释放，并能在30天内完全释放；
2、突释现象可能导致人体内药物浓度在短时间内迅速升高，并使得药物效期缩短，是限制微球广泛应用的关键问题。通常微球粒径越小、载药量越大突释现象越严重。然而，本发明阿立哌唑缓释微球恰恰克服了上述缺点，通过特定的原料及配比的选择，使得本发明制备的微球中活性物质与高分子聚合物的相容性好，孔隙率高，在微球平均粒径为10微米，载药量为68％-75％的条件下，解决了微球的突释问题。
3、现有微球产品粒径在20-100μm，只能适用于7、8号针头(内径0.51-0.84mm)，在注射过程中，患者在注射时疼痛感明显；本发明的微球粒径分布更窄，均一性好，平均粒径控制在20μm以内，可以采用5号针头注射，顺应性和普通注射液一致，减少病人痛苦。针头型号如下表1所示：
国际通用型号 平均粒径/μm 针头型号 针头内径/mm
25G 15 5 0.26
21G 30 7 0.51
18G 50 8 0.84
4、现有微球产品使用的悬浮液需要增加黏度来使药物颗粒始终处于悬浮状态，从而导致悬浮剂的注射困难。另外，注射前悬浮剂容易发生沉淀，在将混悬药物溶液吸入注射器时需要缓慢连续进行，并保持悬浮状态，否则会发生堵塞针头，在进行注射给药过程中同样需要复杂操作，若操作不当极容易造成针头堵塞从而注射失败。整个给药过程需要医护人员经过专门培训后才可完成，造成不能在普通医疗机构广泛适用，给用药的推广带来不便。
根据实验证实，当微球平均粒径小于20μm，使用悬浮剂溶解时，微球颗粒能够很好分散并长时间悬浮在溶液中，并不发生迁移、聚集。当使用5号针头抽取和注射微球溶液时，分散较好的悬浮剂可以很顺利进行，如果微球颗粒平均粒径在20μm以上，会很快发生沉降、迁移、聚集，容易堵塞针头。
具体地，本发明涉及的微球的平均粒径小于20μm，容易在黏度较低的悬浮液中很好悬浮，不易沉淀，方便注射，给医护人员操作带来便利，同时使用5号针头，大大减轻患者疼痛感。
此外，本发明的微球粒径跨距在1-2微米以内，质量稳定，在注射过程中容易悬浮，不沉降，不易堵塞针头，操作简洁，医护人员无需额外培训，普通医疗机构医护人员均可操作。
5、本发明所述的阿立哌唑缓释微球在保证粒径较小的情况下，使载药量达到了65％-80％，工艺过程中由于使用二氯甲烷量较少，固含量高，收率较高，产量达到了3g/L，而现有微球工艺技术只能达到1g/L。
6、本发明所述的阿立哌唑缓释微球呈球形网状骨架结构，骨架球形的网状结构，非常有利于提高阿立哌唑缓释微球的载药量。
7、本发明人通过大量实验选出了阿立哌唑与聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的最佳配比，当两者重量比过高或过低时，都会对产品的均匀释放存在一定的影响。此处，发明人还发现，在本发明的制备方法的步骤2)中，时间与温度的控制对实验的结果非常重要。在前1小时中，温度过低，API 容易快速结晶固化，形成较多的微小晶型；温度过高，则形成较多的较大晶型，破坏微球，形成不规则的固体颗粒。
8、本发明提供的阿立哌唑缓释微球的制备方法，工艺简单、结果稳定、可重现，能够实现工业大生产化，同时得到的呈球形网状骨架结构的缓蚀微球与现有的核壳结构的微球相比，具有明显较小的粒径和显著较优的药效药理。
附图说明
以下，结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施方案，其中：
图1：实施例1制备微球样品扫描电镜图
图2：实施例2制备微球样品扫描电镜图
图3：实施例3制备微球样品扫描电镜图
图4：实施例4制备微球样品扫描电镜图
图5：实施例1制备微球样品10％乙酸乙酯溶解后样品扫描电镜图
图6：实施例2制备微球样品10％乙酸溶解后样品扫描电镜图
图7：实施例1制备微球样品的粒径分布图
图8：实施例13大鼠血药浓度-时间曲线图
图9:实施例14大鼠血液浓度-时间曲线图
图10：实施例15大鼠血药浓度-时间曲线图
图11：微球样品扫描电镜图
具体实施方式
以下参照具体的实施例来说明本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明，其不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的原料、试剂材料等，如无特殊说明，均为市售购买产品。
实施例1
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合，其中聚丙交酯- 乙交酯共聚物0.2dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为25000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入二氯甲烷400g(301.9ml)混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量71％，收率92％，成球性良好，微球表面光滑，完整，所得微球样品的扫描电镜图如图1所示。通过10％乙酸乙酯溶解，结果发现微球呈球形网状骨架结构(图5)；血药浓度前期快速释放，保证尽快达到有效药物浓度，后期在一个月内平稳完全释放。
实施例2
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.55dL/g，分布系数3.0％，重均分子量为35000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量70％，收率87％，成球性良好，微球表面光滑，完整，所得微球样品的扫描电镜图如图2所示。通过10％乙酸溶解，结果发现微球呈球形网状骨架结构(图6)；血药浓度前期快速释放，保证尽快达到有效药物浓度，后期在一个月内平稳完全释放。
实施例3：
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.6dL/g，分布系数2.0％，重均分子量为75000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为75：25，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量68％，收率80％，收获样品只有少数成球，大部分样品成不规则颗粒，流动性差，所得微球样品的扫描电镜图如图3所示。
实施例4：
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.35dL/g，分布系数1.0％，重均分子量为40000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为65：35，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量72％，收率89.2％，成球性良好，微球表面光滑，完整，所得微球样品的扫描电镜图如图4所示。
实施例5：
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.3dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为20000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为75：25，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量71.6％，收率93.2％，成球性良好，微球表面光滑，完整。
实施例6：
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.2dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为40000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为85：15，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中 分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量65.3％，收率56％，成球性差，大量样品粘附在一起，颗粒不规则，流动性差。
实施例7：
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.6dL/g分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为80000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为100：0，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量53％，收率61％，不成球，颗粒不规则，大量碎片，流动性差。
实施例8：
将阿立哌唑32g(其中阿立哌唑占阿立哌唑和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物总重量的65％)和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物17g混合，其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.35dL/g，分布系数2.0％，重均分子量为25000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入二氯甲烷500g(含量9％w/w)混合，加热温度40℃，震荡溶解。同时配制0.1％的PVA溶液20L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 9，控制温度为15℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量61％，收率86％，成球性好，表面规则，圆整光滑，流动性良好。
实施例9：
将阿立哌唑50g(其中阿立哌唑占阿立哌唑和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物总重量的80％)和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物12g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.2dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为30000，聚丙交酯与乙 交酯的摩尔比为75：25，加入二氯甲烷200g(含量24％w/w)混合，加热温度65℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液50L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 12，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量73％，收率91％，成球性良好，颗粒规则，表面圆整光滑，流动性良好。
实施例10：
将阿立哌唑50g(阿立哌唑含量80％)和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物12g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.3dL/g，分布系数2.0％，重均分子量为60000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为75：25，加入二氯甲烷250g(含量20％w/w)混合，加热温度65℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 13，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量76％，收率86％，成球性良好，颗粒规则，表面圆整光滑，流动性良好。
实施例11：
将阿立哌唑32g(阿立哌唑含量65％)和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物17g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.2dL/g，分布系数1.0％，重均分子量为15000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为65：35，加入二氯甲烷500g(含量9％w/w)混合，加热温度65℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液120L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 14，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
结论：微球载药量63％，收率93％，成球性良好，颗粒规则，表面圆整光滑，流动性良好。
实施例12：
制备阿立哌唑缓释微球测定粒径，具体如下表2所示，其中组1-11分别为实施例1-11制备的阿立哌唑缓释微球、组12的阿立哌唑微球制备方法如专利CN201710052728实施例9所述、组13的阿立哌唑微球制备方法如专利CN200880021585.8中实施例7所述。其中图7为实施例1制备微球样品的粒径分布图。
样品测定：称定本品约25mg(约相当于阿立哌唑20mg)，置于10ml西林瓶中，用移液枪加入5ml纯化水，平行制备2份。将光学模型设为Fraunhofer rfd，以纯化水为分散介质，转速设为2200rmp，检测前超声5min使样品混悬，取出先摇匀样品，用滴管将样品缓慢滴加进样品槽内，直至遮光率在5％-10％时停止滴加样品，测定并记录结果(平行测定3次取平均值)。
表2：阿立哌唑缓释微球粒径检测
实验组 粒径范围(D10/D90) 平均粒径(D50/μm)
1 0.3/18.7 9.3
2 1.5/16.5 12.3
3 0.6/86.9 35.6
4 3.5/17.2 10.6
5 5.9/19.6 11.5
6 0.1/125.3 48.6
7 0.8/142.6 34.2
8 1.2/22.6 13.6
9 5.6/21.5 16.8
10 1.6/18.9 11.6
11 2.8/26.3 12.8
12 26.9/87.1 48.6
13 32.7/68.1 35.9
结论：实验组3、6、7、12、13微球平均粒径大于20μm，不能使用5 号针头进行注射操作。
实施例13 SD大鼠单剂量I.M.长效研究
将本发明实施例1制备的阿立哌唑长效微球制备成制剂，具体方法：称取定量微球，用配制的悬浮液分散(悬浮液包括：甘露醇7％；羧甲基纤维素钠5％；pH值为6.8)，配制成固液浓度比为15％(w/v)药物制剂。组A为按照实施例1方法制备的微球制剂；组B为按照专利CN200880021585.8中实施例7所述方法制备的微球用相同悬浮液配制成制剂；组C为组B组制剂同时加口服阿立哌唑片剂(2mg/kg/天)给药。
将上述三个组的样品分别注射入大鼠的大腿肌肉，剂量是25mg/kg，组3在注射给药后的前14天每天按照2mg/kg量口服给药；在第1天(注射后6小时)、2、4、7、10、14、21、28、35天收集血液样品，通过建立的LC-MS方法测定血浆中药物浓度，绘制大鼠血药浓度与时间曲线，评价血药浓度-时间关系。
具体结果见图8所示。
可见，A组曲线较平稳，给药期间血药浓度维持在有效浓度范围，30天后药物浓度下降，保证释放完全；B组曲线药物持续释放时间较长，超过一个月，在前期药物浓度缓慢上升，有延迟现象；C组口服给药，出现明显“峰谷”现象，血药浓度剧烈波动。
实施例14
将本发明实施例1、2、4、5、8、9制备的阿立哌唑缓释微球制备成制剂，具体方法：称取定量微球，用配制的悬浮液分散(悬浮液包括：甘露醇7％；羧甲基纤维素钠5％；pH值为6.8)，配制成固液浓度比为15％(w/v)药物制剂。各组分别按照实施例方法制备的微球制剂：
表3：各组分与实施例的对应关系
组分 对应实施例
A 实施例1
B 实施例2
C 实施例4
D 实施例5
E 实施例8
F 实施例9
将上述三个组的样品分别注射入大鼠的大腿肌肉，剂量是25mg/kg，组3在注射给药后的前14天每天按照2mg/kg量口服给药；在第1天(注射后6小时)、2、4、7、10、14、21、28、35天收集血液样品，通过建立的LC-MS方法测定血浆中药物浓度，绘制大鼠血药浓度与时间曲线，评价血药浓度-时间关系。
具体结果见图9所示。
可见，A组曲线平稳，在给药周期血药浓度维持在有效范围内，28天后血药浓度下降，保证完全释放；B组曲线与A组相近，后来血药浓度在20天后下降较快，但也在有效浓度范围内；C组20天后浓度下降快，与B组相似，都在有效范围内；D、E、F组在给药周期内血药浓度相对平稳，后期药物浓度下降较快，但都在有效范围内。
实施例15
将本发明实施例1制备的阿立哌唑长效微球制备成制剂，具体方法：称取定量微球，用配制的悬浮液分散(悬浮液包括：甘露醇7％；羧甲基纤维素钠5％；pH值为6.8)，配制成固液浓度比为15％(w/v)药物制剂。组A为按照实施例1方法制备的微球制剂；组B为按照专利CN201710052728中实施例9所述方法制备的微球用相同悬浮液配制成制剂；组C为按照专利CN201410219991中实施例1所述方法制备的微球用相同悬浮液配制成制剂；。
将上述三个组的样品分别注射入大鼠的大腿肌肉，剂量是25mg/kg，组3在注射给药后的前14天每天按照2mg/kg量口服给药；在第1天(注射后6小时)、2、4、7、10、14、21、28、35天收集血液样品，通过建立 的LC-MS方法测定血浆中药物浓度，绘制大鼠血药浓度与时间曲线，评价血药浓度-时间关系。
结果如图10所示。
可见，A组曲线平稳，在给药周期血药浓度维持在有效范围内，28天后血药浓度下降，保证完全释放；B组血药浓度在前5天内有延迟现象出现，后期药物浓度缓慢上升，达到有效浓度；C组血药浓度在前7天内发生延迟现象，后期快速上升达到有效范围。
实施例16 PVA浓度的选择
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.3dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为25000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。
配制一定浓度的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制温度为12℃，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
表4 不同浓度PVA溶液对实验的影响
PVA溶液浓度 实验结果描述
0.05％ 微球溶液聚集，粘连，成球率较低
0.1％ 成球性一般
0.5％ 成球性较好
1.0％ 成球性良好，微球表面光滑，完整
1.5％ 成球性一般
结论：当PVA浓度在0.1％-1.0％时，实验效果最佳，所获微球成球性良好，表面光滑，完整。
实施例17:温度对实验结果的影响
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯- 乙交酯共聚物0.3dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为25000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。同时配制1％的PVA溶液62L，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，控制一定的温度，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
表5 不同温度对实验的影响
温度℃ 实验结果描述
5℃ 快速结晶固化速度，形成微小晶型
10℃ 快速结晶固化速度，形成微小晶型
12℃ 快速结晶固化速度，形成微小晶型
15℃ 快速结晶固化速度，形成微小晶型
20℃ 缓慢结晶固化，有不规则的固体颗粒
结论：当温度低于15℃时，快速结晶，形成微小晶型，微球成形佳，实验效果最佳。
实施例18 二氯甲烷用量对实验结果的影响
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.3dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为25000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入一定量的二氯甲烷混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。
配制1％的PVA溶液62L，控制温度为12℃，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
表6 不同用量的二氯甲烷溶液对实验的影响
Figure PCTCN2018090345-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018090345-appb-000002
结论：由表6中实验数据可看出，二氯甲烷与阿立哌唑用量比例为4:1-10:1时，实验顺利进行，得到的微球产物合格；而当二氯甲烷与阿立哌唑用量比例为8:1时，实验结果达到最优。其中，图11为二氯甲烷用量为800g时所得微球的电镜图。
实施例19 PVA溶液用量对实验结果的影响
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合，其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.3dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为25000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。
配制一定量的1％的PVA溶液，控制温度为12℃，加入氢氧化钠调节pH 10，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
表7 不同PVA溶液用量对实验的影响
Figure PCTCN2018090345-appb-000003
结论：由表7中实验结果可以看出，当PVA与阿立哌唑用量比小于0.5:1时，实验结果非常较差。
实施例20 pH调节对实验结果的影响
将阿立哌唑50g和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物20g混合,其中聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物0.3dL/g，分布系数1.5％，重均分子量为25000，聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50：50，加入二氯甲烷400g混合，加热温度55℃，震荡溶解。
配制1％的PVA溶液62L，控制温度为12℃，加入氢氧化钠调节pH，采用高速乳化机或静态混合器，将溶剂在外PVA溶液中分散，转速为3000rpm。固化3小时，离心收获微球，冻干。
表8 调节不同的pH对实验的影响
pH 实验结果描述
7 成球率不高
8 成球率不高
9 成球性良好，表面光滑
10 成球性良好，表面光滑
12 成球性良好，表面光滑
结论：pH小于9时，实验结果较差。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种阿立哌唑缓释微球，所述微球包含阿立哌唑或其盐和聚丙交酯-乙交酯；其中，
    将所述微球使用溶剂B溶解后，所述微球呈球形网状骨架结构，球体中分布网状型小孔；所述阿立哌唑或其盐填充于所述小孔中；
    所述微球的平均粒径小于20μm；所述阿立哌唑或其盐的含量为所述微球总重量的65％-80％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微球，其中，所述溶剂B为能够溶解阿立哌唑或其盐的任意溶剂，优选为10％乙酸或20％乙酸或10％乙酸乙酯；
    优选地，所述微球的平均粒径为10-13μm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的微球，其中，所述阿立哌唑或其盐的含量为所述微球总重量的70％-75％；更优选地为71％；
    优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的含量为所述微球总重量的20％-35％；更优选地为25％-30％；最优选地为29％。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的微球，其中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的特性粘度为0.2-0.55dL/g；更优选地为0.2-0.35dL/g；
    优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的分布系数为1.0％-3.0％；更优选地为1.0％-2.0％；
    优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重均分子量为15000-60000；更优选地为20000-40000；
    优选地，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物中聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50:50-75:25；更优选地为50:50。
  5. 一种阿立哌唑缓释微球的制备方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    1)将阿立哌唑或其盐和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物混合，加入有机溶剂A，加热至一定温度，震荡溶解；
    2)在控制所述有机溶剂A蒸发的条件下，将步骤1)获得的溶液与PVA溶液混合，调节pH，控制一定温度并搅拌得乳液；
    3)将步骤2)得到的乳液固化，经过一段时间溶剂挥发，固定成球， 离心收获、冻干，即得平均粒径在20μm以下的微球。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，
    在步骤1)中，所述阿立哌唑或其盐和聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物与阿立哌唑或其盐、聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物和有机溶剂A的总重量的比为为9％-25％(w/v)；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述有机溶剂A与阿立哌唑或其盐的重量比为4:1-10:1；更优选地为8:1；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述阿立哌唑或其盐与聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重量比5:2；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述溶剂A为二氯甲烷；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的特性粘度为0.2-0.55dL/g；更优选地为0.2-0.35dL/g；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的分布系数为1.0％-3.0％；更优选地为1.0％-2.0％；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重均分子量为15000-60000；更优选地为20000-40000；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述聚丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物中聚丙交酯与乙交酯的摩尔比为50:50-75:25；更优选地为50:50；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述温度为40-65℃；更优选地，所述温度为55℃；
    优选地，在步骤1)中，所述震荡在加热40-65℃后条件下进行。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，其中，
    在步骤2)中，所述的PVA溶液的浓度为0.1％-1％(w/v)；更优选地为0.5％-1％(w/v)；最优选地为1％(w/v)；
    优选地，在步骤2)中，所述PVA溶液的体积(L)与阿立哌唑或其盐的重量(g)比为0.5-1.5:1；更优选地为1.24:1；
    优选地，在步骤2)中，步骤1)加入的有机溶剂A与PVA的体积比为1:40-1:250；
    优选地，在步骤2)中，所述pH为9-14，更优选地，所述pH为10；
    优选地，在步骤2)中，所述控制一定温度为在步骤2)的前1小时内温度在15℃以下进行，之后维持该温度或升温至15℃-30℃达约2小时；更优选地，在步骤2)的前1小时内控制温度为12℃；
    优选地，在步骤2)中，所述搅拌的搅拌速率为3000rpm。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的方法，其中，
    在步骤3)中，所述固化进行3小时；
    优选地，在步骤3)中，所述微球的平均粒径为10-13μm。
  9. 一种悬浮剂，所述悬浮剂包含权利要求1-4中任一项所述的微球或权利要求5-8中任一项所述的方法制备的微球，药学可接受的载体和注射用水。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的悬浮剂，其中，所述药学可接受的载体选自助悬剂、pH调节剂、等渗调节剂、表面活性剂、水、和生理盐水；
    所述助悬剂选自羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、海藻酸钠、或甘油；
    所述等渗调节剂选自氯化钠、葡萄糖、甘露醇、或山梨醇；
    所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂，选自聚山梨酯系列和泊洛沙姆系列。
PCT/CN2018/090345 2018-05-16 2018-06-08 一种阿立哌唑缓释微球及其制备方法 Ceased WO2019218409A1 (zh)

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