WO2019227935A1 - 投影屏幕和投影系统 - Google Patents

投影屏幕和投影系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019227935A1
WO2019227935A1 PCT/CN2019/070529 CN2019070529W WO2019227935A1 WO 2019227935 A1 WO2019227935 A1 WO 2019227935A1 CN 2019070529 W CN2019070529 W CN 2019070529W WO 2019227935 A1 WO2019227935 A1 WO 2019227935A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
projection screen
total reflection
substrate
light
reflection layer
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/070529
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王霖
孙微
胡飞
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Shenzhen Appotronics Corp Ltd
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Appotronics Corp Ltd
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Priority to KR1020207037902A priority Critical patent/KR102473882B1/ko
Priority to US15/733,857 priority patent/US11194243B2/en
Priority to EP19810166.9A priority patent/EP3805860B1/en
Publication of WO2019227935A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019227935A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
    • G03B21/602—Lenticular screens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projection screen and a projection system including the projection screen.
  • the screen is an important factor affecting its performance, especially the image quality of the projection display.
  • its contrast is an important parameter for evaluating the quality of the screen.
  • the contrast of the picture reflected by the screen is much lower than the contrast of the projector itself due to the influence of ambient light. This is because the projection screen in the prior art reflects both the light from the projector and the light from the ambient light.
  • the present invention proposes a projection screen for a telephoto projector.
  • the projection screen has the characteristics of simple structure, easy processing, low cost, and high contrast.
  • An embodiment of the present invention discloses a projection screen, which includes a substrate, a total reflection layer, and a light absorption layer for absorbing light, which are arranged in this order from a light incident side, wherein the total reflection layer has a plurality of projections on the projection.
  • a trapezoidal microstructure extending in a vertical direction of the screen, and the plurality of trapezoidal microstructures are periodically arranged in a horizontal direction of the projection screen.
  • the projection screen of the present invention includes a total reflection layer and a diffusion layer.
  • the projection light from the telephoto projector returns to the viewer's side in a cross form after the total reflection layer is totally reflected, thereby expanding the horizontal viewing angle.
  • the diffusion layer can further diffuse the viewing angle.
  • the total reflection layer in the projection screen of the present invention also has a trapezoidal microstructure.
  • the trapezoidal microstructure includes two inclined surfaces and a horizontal plane in contact with the black light-absorbing layer. Because the horizontal plane of the trapezoidal microstructure is in contact with the black light absorbing layer, the ambient light incident on the horizontal plane is absorbed by the black light absorbing layer, and the ambient light incident on the inclined surface of the trapezoidal microstructure is also reflected toward the horizontal plane and then Absorbed by black light absorbing layer. Therefore, the projection screen of the present invention can sufficiently absorb ambient light, thereby obtaining a high-contrast image.
  • beneficial effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, but may be any beneficial effects described herein.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a projection system including a projector and a projection screen.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a projection screen in the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a perspective view illustrating a structure of a substrate and a total reflection layer in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating a total reflection layer in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a modification of the projection screen structure in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another modification of the structure of the projection screen in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the light path of the projection light from the projector in a trapezoidal microstructure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the case where ambient light is incident on the projection screen shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of a case where ambient light is incident on the projection screen shown in FIG. 4.
  • Figures 10a and 10b illustrate the simulation results of the reflected light distribution of ambient light under different aperture factors.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the simulation results of screen brightness changes under different aperture factors.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a first structural cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal microstructure in a projection screen.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a second structural cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal microstructure in a projection screen.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a light intensity curve of the reflected light of the projected light.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a projection system including a projector and a projection screen, as shown in FIG. 1, relative to a viewer in front of the screen.
  • the vertical direction of the projection screen is the vertical direction of the screen
  • the horizontal direction of the projection screen is the horizontal direction of the screen.
  • the “screen up-down direction” and “screen left-right direction” described in the other drawings of the present invention are the same.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of a projection screen in the present invention.
  • the projection screen includes a diffusion layer 40, a substrate 10, a total reflection layer 20, and a black light absorption layer 30 in this order from the viewer's side (that is, the light incident side), where the diffusion layer 40 and the total reflection layer 20 are respectively
  • the black light absorbing layer 30 is formed on both sides of the substrate 10 and is in contact with the total reflection layer 20.
  • the diffusion layer 40 is used to diffuse the outgoing light from the total reflection layer 20, and the black light-absorbing layer 30 is used to absorb the light incident on the black light-absorbing layer 30, and the two can adopt the related technologies in the prior art Structure, so it will not be repeated in the present invention.
  • the substrate 10 may include organic materials such as PET, PC, PVC, and PMMA.
  • the total reflection layer 20 in the projection screen will be described in detail below.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of the substrate 10 and the total reflection layer 20 in the structure shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating the total reflection layer 20 in the structure shown in FIG. 2.
  • the total reflection layer 20 includes a plurality of trapezoidal microstructures extending in the up-down direction of the screen.
  • Each trapezoidal microstructure includes two inclined surfaces with complementary angles and the same length in the oblique direction, and two The horizontal plane (that is, the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface), the inclined surface and the horizontal plane constitute a trapezoidal structure.
  • the trapezoidal structure is an isosceles trapezoidal structure, so that it is easier to control the reflected light.
  • a plurality of the trapezoidal microstructures are periodically arranged in the left-right direction of the screen, thereby forming an isosceles trapezoidal microstructure array serving as the total reflection layer 20.
  • the total reflection layer 20 may be formed by processing on the substrate 10 on the side opposite to the viewer side.
  • a horizontal plane having a short length in the left-right direction of the screen is adjacent to the black light-absorbing layer 30.
  • the total reflection layer 20 and the diffusion layer 40 may be respectively formed on both sides of the same transparent substrate 10 by a method of hot embossing or UV glue transfer.
  • the surfaces of both sides of the substrate 10 may be directly formed as total reflection, respectively.
  • the layer 20 and the diffusion layer 40, that is, the substrate 10, the total reflection layer 20, and the diffusion layer 40 are integrated into one layer, instead of being laminated in three layers as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a modification of the projection screen structure in the present invention. Except for the following differences, other related features and descriptions in FIG. 5 (such as the trapezoidal microstructure of the total reflection layer 20, etc.) are the same as those of the projection screen in FIG. 5
  • the total reflection layer 20 and the diffusion layer 40 in FIG. 5 are respectively formed on two opposite sides of the two substrates 10 and 11, that is, the total reflection layer 20 is formed on the substrate 10.
  • the diffusion layer 40 is formed on the side of the substrate 11 opposite to the side facing the substrate 10. In the structure of FIG. 5, the facing surfaces of the substrates 10 and 11 are bonded together.
  • the total reflection layer 20 is formed on one substrate 10 side and the diffusion layer 40 is formed on the substrate 11 side opposite to the side facing the substrate 10
  • One side of the substrate 10 may be directly formed as the total reflection layer 20, and the other side of the substrate 11 may be formed as the diffusion layer 40.
  • the total reflection layer 20 is integrated with the substrate 10 as one layer, and the diffusion layer 40 is integrated with the substrate 11 as one layer.
  • the facing surfaces of the substrates 10 and 11 are then bonded together.
  • the total reflection layer 20 and the diffusion layer 40 are respectively formed on the two substrates 10 and 11 by a method of hot stamping or UV glue transfer.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another modification of the structure of the projection screen in the present invention. Except for the following differences, other related features and descriptions in FIG. 7 (such as the trapezoidal microstructure of the total reflection layer 20, etc.) are the same as those of the projection screen in FIG.
  • a bulk diffusion film 50 formed of a bulk diffusion material is used in FIG. 6 instead of the diffusion layer 40 in FIG. 2, and the bulk diffusion film 50 is passed through a glue such as a thermosetting glue and the substrate 10. Fit together.
  • a glue such as a thermosetting glue and the substrate 10. Fit together.
  • the bulk diffusion film 50 a bulk diffusion film that has been widely used commercially can be used.
  • a colored layer made of a dark-colored material can be bonded on the bulk diffusion film 50 on the side opposite to the side on which the substrate 10 is bonded.
  • the projection screen of the present invention may also adopt a structure in which the bulk diffusion film 50 in FIG. 6 is used instead of the diffusion layer 40 in FIG. 5.
  • the projection screen structure shown in FIG. 2 is taken as an example, and the principle that the projection screen structure in the present invention can improve the contrast of ambient light is described with reference to FIGS. 8-9.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates that the projection light P1 from the telephoto projector is incident on the screen in a direction approximately perpendicular to the screen plane, which is a plane composed of the vertical direction of the screen and the horizontal direction of the screen.
  • the projection light P1 from the projector is totally reflected on two inclined planes in the trapezoidal microstructure of the total reflection layer 20, and the outgoing rays reflected by the two inclined planes respectively return to the viewer side in the form of crossing each other.
  • This enlarges the horizontal viewing angle.
  • the diffused layer 40 can further diffuse the emitted light, so that the viewing angle can be further expanded.
  • the angle of the projection light from the projector can be diffused through the two inclined surfaces, so that the angle of diffusion of the outgoing light of the projection light in the horizontal direction is large, and The diffusion angle in the vertical direction is small.
  • the diffusion layer 40 can further diffuse the angle of the emitted light.
  • the present invention can more effectively expand the screen viewing angle.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the case where ambient light is incident on the projection screen shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view for explaining a situation in which ambient light is incident on the projection screen shown in FIG. 2.
  • a part of the ambient light A2 is directly incident on the horizontal surface of the trapezoidal microstructure of the total reflection layer 20 that is in contact with the black light-absorbing layer 30, and is absorbed by the black light-absorbing layer 30, and the other part of the ambient light A1 is not directly It is incident on the horizontal surface of the total reflection layer 20 that is in contact with the black light absorbing layer 30, but incident on the inclined surface of the trapezoidal microstructure in the total reflection layer 20, and then totally reflected by the inclined surface and incident on the trapezoidal microstructure and black light absorption.
  • the layer 30 is on a horizontal plane and is absorbed by the black light absorbing layer 30.
  • a part of the projected light is totally reflected by the inclined surface of the trapezoidal microstructure and is emitted toward the bottom surface.
  • the black light absorbing layer 30 It is absorbed by the black light absorbing layer 30. Therefore, the high-angle ambient light A1 can be absorbed by the black light-absorbing layer 30 like the ambient light A2, and another part of the ambient light is totally reflected by the inclined surface of the trapezoidal microstructure and is emitted toward the bottom surface.
  • absorption of ambient light incident from multiple angles is considered, and thus a trapezoidal microstructure is adopted in the total reflection layer 20, so that the black light absorbing layer can absorb ambient light incident from various angles, so that it can be more significantly Increase screen contrast.
  • the length of the horizontal side adjacent to the black light-absorbing layer 30 in the trapezoidal microstructure is set to d
  • the pitch of the microstructure is Pitch
  • the trapezoidal microstructure is The length of the top and bottom sides of the trapezoid, and the length of the bottom side is Pitch.
  • the aperture factor is defined as:
  • Opening factor d / pitch
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b the results obtained by simulating the reflection light distribution of ambient light under different aperture factors will be described with reference to FIGS. 10a and 10b.
  • the aperture factor when the aperture factor is set to 0, the total reflection layer 20 has a triangular microstructure, and in FIG. 10b, the aperture factor is set to be greater than 0, that is, the total reflection layer 20 has a trapezoidal microstructure.
  • the total reflection layer 20 has a triangular microstructure
  • most of the ambient light is concentrated in a cashew-shaped area below the vertical screen. This is where the ambient light passes through the two inclined surfaces of the microstructure. The result of multiple reflections towards the ground.
  • this triangular microstructure a part of the ambient light still exists in the direction of the vertical screen plane, that is, in the field of view of the audience.
  • FIG. 10b after increasing the aperture factor, the light in the vertical screen direction is significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 11 shows the simulation results of screen brightness changes under different aperture factors.
  • the screen gain is greater than 1 (a screen gain of 1 is equivalent to a Lambertian brightness of 172 Nits).
  • the aperture factor exceeds 0.55, the screen gain drops below 1. Therefore, although the total reflection layer 20 using a trapezoidal microstructure in the present invention may cause part of the projection light from the projector to be absorbed by the black light absorbing layer 30 and cause the screen gain to decrease, the present invention ensures In the case of screen gain, the anti-ambient contrast of the projection screen can be significantly improved.
  • the numerical value of the opening factor may be set in a range of 0.05-0.9, and preferably in a range of 0.1-0.5.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 A schematic diagram of the light path for total reflection in a projection screen with a trapezoidal microstructure with different structures is described below with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a first structural cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal microstructure in a projection screen.
  • an included angle ⁇ between extension lines of two inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal microstructure in the total reflection layer 20 is an acute angle.
  • the total reflection layer 20 having a trapezoidal microstructure has the effect of making diffused projection light.
  • the included angle between the projection light and the inclined surface of the total reflection layer 20 is ⁇
  • the angle between the reflected light reflected by one inclined surface and the normal of the other inclined surface is ⁇ .
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a second structural cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal microstructure in a projection screen.
  • the included angle ⁇ between the extension lines of the two inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal microstructure in the total reflection layer 20 is an obtuse angle.
  • the total reflection layer 20 having a trapezoidal microstructure has the effect of making diffused projection light.
  • the included angle between the projection light and the inclined surface of the total reflection layer 20 is ⁇
  • the included angle between the outgoing light reflected by the inclined surface and the normal direction of the vertical screen plane is ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2
  • ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2
  • the angle between the reflected light reflected by one inclined surface and the normal of the other inclined surface is ⁇ .
  • ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ -180
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the light intensity curve of the projected light reflected by the two inclined surfaces of the total reflection layer 20.
  • the projected light has a light intensity curve after being reflected by the two inclined surfaces, as shown in Figure 14.
  • These two light intensity curves each have a light intensity peak at ⁇ ⁇ , and a new angle of the outgoing light is obtained after superposition.
  • the changing curve wherein ⁇ refers to the included angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 between the exiting light reflected by the inclined surface and the normal direction of the vertical screen plane.
  • the superimposed curve illustrates the diffusion effect of the outgoing light reflected by the two inclined surfaces, that is, the viewing angle of the projection screen is increased.
  • the projection screen in the present invention is used in combination with a telephoto projector, so that the exiting light reflected by the total reflection layer has a diffusion angle.
  • the total reflection layer is used together with a diffusion material such as a diffusion layer or a bulk diffusion film formed on the screen surface, which can effectively expand the screen viewing angle.
  • the trapezoidal microstructure is used in the total reflection layer of the present invention, thereby taking into account the ambient light incident at multiple angles, so that the black light-absorbing layer can absorb more ambient light, and thus can significantly improve the contrast of the screen.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
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Abstract

一种投影屏幕，其包括从光入射侧依次设置的基板(10)、全反射层(20)和用于吸收光线的吸光层(30)，其中，全反射层(20)具有多个在投影屏幕的垂直方向上延伸的梯形微结构，多个梯形微结构在投影屏幕的水平方向上周期性排列。该投影屏幕具有结构简单、加工容易、成本低以及对比度高的特点。

Description

投影屏幕和投影系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种投影屏幕及包括该投影屏幕的投影系统。
背景技术
在投影显示系统中，屏幕是影响其性能的一个重要因素，尤其对于投影显示的图像质量具有很大的影响。对于屏幕来说，其对比度是评价屏幕好坏的重要参数。
在现有技术中，屏幕所反射画面的对比度由于受到环境光的影响而远远低于投影机自身的对比度。这是因为现有技术中的投影屏幕既反射投影机的光线也反射环境光的光线。
为了提高屏幕在存在环境光的情况下的对比度，目前抗环境光的投影屏幕通常采用线栅屏幕，其通过一个表面用于吸光且另一个面用于反射光的方式来提高环境光对比度。但是此类屏幕的增益较低。另一种用于抗环境光的投影屏幕通常采用阵列微结构加光反射层或者光吸收层的方法来实现。但是在该结构中，仍有一些角度的环境光线被反射向观看者侧，因此提高对比度的效果有限。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种用于长焦投影机的投影屏幕，该投影屏幕具有结构简单、加工容易、成本低以及对比度高的特点。
本发明的一个实施例公开了一种投影屏幕，其包括从光入射侧依次设置的基板、全反射层和用于吸收光线的吸光层，其中，所述全反射层具有多个在所述投影屏幕的垂直方向上延伸的梯形微结构，所述多个梯形微结构在所述投影屏幕的水平方向上周期性排列。
在本发明的投影屏幕中包括有全反射层和扩散层，来自长焦投影机的投影光线在全反射层发生全反射后以交叉的形式返回观看者侧，从而扩大水平观看视角。此外，扩散层能够进一步扩散视角。
在本发明的投影屏幕中的全反射层还具有梯形微结构，该梯形微结 构包括有两个倾斜面和与黑色吸光层相接触的水平面。由于该梯形微结构的水平面与黑色吸光层接触，入射在该水平面上的环境光线被黑色吸光层吸收，而入射在该梯形微结构的倾斜面上的环境光线也在被反射向水平面，然后被黑色吸光层吸收。因此本发明的投影屏幕能够充分吸收环境光线，从而获得高对比度图像。
应当理解，本发明的有益效果不限于上述效果，而可以是本文中说明的任何有益效果。
附图说明
图1是说明包括有投影机和投影屏幕的投影系统的立体图。
图2是说明本发明中投影屏幕结构的示意图。
图3是说明本发明中基板与全反射层的结构立体图。
图4是说明本发明中全反射层的俯视图。
图5说明了本发明中投影屏幕结构的一个变型例。
图6说明了本发明中投影屏幕结构的另一个变型例。
图7说明来自投影机的投影光线在梯形微结构中的光路。
图8说明了环境光入射在图4所示的投影屏幕上情况的剖视图。
图9说明了环境光入射在图4所示的投影屏幕上情况的立体图。
图10a和10b说明在不同开口因子的条件下环境光线的反射光分布的仿真模拟结果。
图11说明在不同开口因子的条件下屏幕亮度变化的仿真模拟结果。
图12说明投影屏幕中梯形微结构的第一结构剖视图。
图13说明投影屏幕中梯形微结构的第二结构剖视图。
图14说明投影光线的反射光线的光强曲线。
具体实施方式
下面，将参照附图详细说明根据本发明的各具体实施例。需要强调的是，附图中的所有尺寸仅是示意性的并且不一定是按照真实比例图示 的，因而不具有限定性。例如，应当理解，图示中的扩散层、全反射层、黑色吸光层等组件的尺寸、比例等参数并不是按照实际的尺寸和比例示出的，仅是为了图示方便，但不是用于限定本发明的具体范围。
在下文中，首先结合图1-图4说明本发明中投影屏幕的示例性结构，其中图1说明了包括有投影机和投影屏幕的投影系统，如图1所示，相对于屏幕前方的观看者来说，投影屏幕的垂直方向为画面上下方向，投影屏幕的水平方向为画面左右方向。在本发明的其他图示中说明的“画面上下方向”和“画面左右方向”同理。
图2说明了本发明中投影屏幕的结构。如图2所示，该投影屏幕从观看者侧(即光入射侧)依次包括扩散层40、基板10、全反射层20和黑色吸光层30构成，其中，扩散层40和全反射层20分别形成在基板10的两侧，且黑色吸光层30形成为与全反射层20相接触。
在上述结构中，扩散层40用于扩散来自全反射层20的出射光，黑色吸光层30用于吸收入射到该黑色吸光层30上的光线，此二者可采用现有技术中的相关技术结构，因此在本发明中不再赘述。上述基板10可包括PET、PC、PVC、PMMA等有机材料。在下文中将详述投影屏幕中的全反射层20。
图3是说明了图2所示的结构中基板10与全反射层20的结构立体图。图4是说明了图2所示的结构中全反射层20的俯视图。如图3和图4所示，全反射层20包括在画面上下方向上延伸的多个梯形微结构，每一个梯形微结构包括两个角度互补且在倾斜方向上长度相同的倾斜面以及两个水平面(即上底面和下底面)，该倾斜面和水平面组成梯形的结构。优选的，该梯形结构为等腰梯形结构，从而更容易控制反射光。多个该梯形微结构在画面左右方向上周期性排列，从而形成了用作全反射层20的等腰梯形微结构阵列。
在本发明中，可通过在基板10中与观看者侧相反的一侧上进行涂布的方式加工形成全反射层20。
由于全反射层20中的上述等腰梯形结构加工简单，因此能够更容易地制造投影屏幕。
参考图2和图3可以看出，在全反射层20的梯形微结构中，在画面左右方向上长度较短的水平面与黑色吸光层30相邻。
在图2所示的投影屏幕中，可通过热压印或UV胶水转印的方法，将全反射层20和扩散层40分别形成在同一透明基板10的两侧上。
虽然在图2中示出了在基板10的两侧上形成全反射层20和扩散层40的结构，但本发明中的投影屏幕中也可以直接使基板10的两侧表面分别形成为全反射层20和扩散层40，即基板10、全反射层20和扩散层40集成为一层，而不是如图2所示那样为三层贴合而成。
图5说明了本发明中投影屏幕结构的一个变型例。除了下述不同之处之外，图5中的其他相关特征和描述(例如全反射层20的梯形微结构等)与图2中的投影屏幕相同，因此不再赘述。
与图2中投影屏幕结构不同的是，图5中的全反射层20和扩散层40分别形成在两个基板10、11的两个相反侧上，即全反射层20形成在基板10上，扩散层40形成在基板11中与面对基板10的一侧相对的一侧上。在图5的结构中，基板10和11中相面对的表面贴合在一起。
此外，虽然在对图5的说明中记载了将全反射层20形成在一个基板10的一侧，将扩散层40形成在基板11中与面对基板10的一侧相对的一侧上，但也可以直接将基板10的一侧形成为全反射层20，并将基板11的另一侧形成为扩散层40。
即，全反射层20与基板10集成为一层，且扩散层40与基板11集成为一层。然后将基板10和11中相面对的表面贴合在一起。
在该变形例中，通过热压印或UV胶水转印的方法，使全反射层20和扩散层40分别形成在两个基板10、11上。
图6说明了本发明中投影屏幕结构的另一个变型例。除了下述不同之处之外，图7中的其他相关特征和描述(例如全反射层20的梯形微结构等)与图2中的投影屏幕相同，因此不再赘述。
与图2中投影屏幕结构不同的是，图6中使用由体扩散材料形成的体扩散薄膜50代替图2中的扩散层40，然后将体扩散薄膜50通过例如 热固胶水等胶水与基板10贴合在一起。该体扩散薄膜50可使用在商业上已经广泛应用的体扩散薄膜。
另外，可以在该体扩散薄膜50中与贴合基板10的一侧的相反侧上贴合其他层结构，例如贴合利用暗色系材料制作的着色层、防刮保护层、防反射层等。
另外，本发明的投影屏幕也可以采用以图6中的体扩散薄膜50代替图5中的扩散层40的结构。
在下文中，以图2中所示的投影屏幕结构为例，结合图8-9来说明本发明中投影屏幕结构能够提高环境光对比度的原理。
图7中说明了来自长焦投影机的投影光线P1以近似于垂直屏幕平面的方向入射到屏幕上，该屏幕平面为由画面上下方向和画面左右方向构成的平面。
来自投影机的投影光线P1在全反射层20的梯形微结构中的两个倾斜面上分别发生全反射，由两个倾斜面分别反射的出射光线以相互交叉的形式回到观看者侧，由此扩大了水平观看视角。另外，扩散层40能够进一步扩散该出射光线，从而能够进一步扩展观看视角。
由此可知，通过本发明全反射层20中的梯形微结构，能够通过两个倾斜面扩散来自投影机的投影光线的角度，使得投影光线的出射光线在水平方向上的扩散角度大，而在垂直方向上的扩散角度较小。另外，扩散层40能够进一步扩散出射光线的角度。
通过结合使用具有梯形微结构的全反射层20和扩散层40，本发明能够更有效的扩大屏幕视角。
图8说明了环境光入射在图2所示的投影屏幕上情况的剖视图。图9是用于说明环境光入射在图2所示的投影屏幕上情况的立体图。
如图8和9所示，一部分环境光线A2直接入射在全反射层20的梯形微结构中与黑色吸光层30相接触的水平面上，并被黑色吸光层30吸收，另一部分环境光线A1不直接入射到全反射层20中与黑色吸光层30相接触的水平面上，而是入射到全反射层20中梯形微结构的倾斜面上， 然后经过倾斜面全反射后入射到梯形微结构与黑色吸光层30水平面上，并被黑色吸光层30吸收，另外还有一部分投影光经过梯形微结构的倾斜面全反射后朝向底面出射。
根据图8和9可以看出，垂直于屏幕平面的环境光线A2会直接被黑色吸光层30吸收，而偏离屏幕平面法线的环境光线A1经过梯形微结构的倾斜面全反射后
被黑色吸光层30吸收。因此该大角度环境光线A1与环境光线A2一样能够被黑色吸光层30吸收，其中还有另外一部分环境光经过梯形微结构的倾斜面全反射后朝向底面出射。
因此，本发明中考虑了对从多角度入射的环境光线的吸收，从而在全反射层20中采用了梯形微结构，使得黑色吸光层能够吸收由各角度入射的环境光线，从而能够更加显著地提高屏幕对比度。
如图8中的剖视图所示，假设梯形微结构中与黑色吸光层30相邻的水平边长设为d，微结构的节距为Pitch，也就是说，在该剖视图中，梯形微结构中梯形的上底边长为d，下底边长为Pitch，则定义开口因子(Aperture ratio)表示为：
开口因子＝d/pitch
接下来，参考图10a和10b说明在不同开口因子的条件下对环境光线的反射光分布进行仿真模拟所得到的结果。在图10a中，将开口因子设置为0时，即全反射层20具有三角形微结构，图10b中，将开口因子设置为大于0，即全反射层20具有梯形微结构。
如图10a所示可知，在全反射层20具有三角形微结构的情况下，大部分环境光线都集中在垂直屏幕下方的一个腰果形区域中，这是环境光线经过微结构的两个倾斜面进行多次反射后朝向地面方向反射的结果。但在此三角形微结构的情况下，仍有一部分环境光存在于垂直屏幕平面方向，即正对观众的视场中。而如图10b所示，增加开口因子后，垂直屏幕方向的光线明显减少。
图11表示不同开口因子的条件下的屏幕亮度变化的仿真模拟结果。如图11所示，当开口因子小于0.55时，屏幕增益大于1(屏幕增益为1 等同于朗伯体亮度为172Nits)，当开口因子超过0.55后，屏幕增益下降到1以下。因此虽然本发明中使用梯形微结构的全反射层20可能导致来自投影机的部分投影光线也被黑色吸光层30吸收而导致屏幕增益下降，但是，本发明通过合理的设定开口因子，在保证屏幕增益的情况下，能够显著提高投影屏幕的抗环境光对比度。
在本发明中，开口因子的数值可设定在0.05-0.9的范围内，优选在0.1～0.5的范围内。
下面参考图12和图13说明具有不同结构梯形微结构的投影屏幕中进行全反射的光路示意图。
图12中说明投影屏幕中梯形微结构的第一结构剖视图，在该第一结构剖视图中，全反射层20中梯形微结构的两个倾斜面的延长线夹角θ为锐角。与对图2中结构的说明相同，由于来自长焦投影机并垂直于屏幕平面入射的投影光线在全反射层20的两个倾斜面上发生反射，因此反射光线不再与垂直屏幕平面的方向平行。由此使得具有梯形微结构的全反射层20具有使扩散投影光线效果。
在图12中，投影光线与全反射层20的倾斜面的夹角为σ，经过倾斜面反射后的出射光线与垂直屏幕平面的法线方向的夹角为α 1和α 2，其中α 1＝α 2，经过一个倾斜面反射的反射光线与另一个倾斜面法线的夹角为ω，则根据图12中所示的几何关系可知：
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000001
α 2＝180-2θ
假设全反射层20的倾斜面外侧的材料的折射率为n 1，构成全反射层20的材料的折射率为n 2，为满足全反射条件，则需要满足下述关系：
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000003
因此全反射层20中两个倾斜面的夹角θ需满足下述关系：
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000004
反射光线与垂直屏幕平面的法线方向的夹角α 2满足：
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000005
因此，根据构成全反射层20的材料折射率n 2和全反射层20的倾斜面外侧材料的折射率n 1就可以确认合适的梯形全反射层20中两个倾斜面的夹角θ，并可以算出由全反射层20得到的扩散角度。
图13说明投影屏幕中梯形微结构的第二结构剖视图，在该第二结构剖视图中，全反射层20中梯形微结构的两个倾斜面的延长线夹角θ为钝角。与对图2中结构的说明相同，由于来自长焦投影机并垂直于屏幕平面入射的投影光线在全反射层20的两个倾斜面上发生反射，因此反射光线不再与垂直屏幕平面的方向平行。由此使得具有梯形微结构的全反射层20具有使扩散投影光线效果。
在图13中，投影光线与全反射层20的倾斜面的夹角为σ，经过倾斜面反射后的出射光线与垂直屏幕平面的法线方向的夹角为α 1和α 2，其中α 1＝α 2，经过一个倾斜面反射的反射光线与另一个倾斜面法线的夹角为ω，则根据图13中所示的几何关系可知：
α 1＝2θ-180
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000006
假设全反射层20的倾斜面外侧的材料的折射率为n 1，构成全反射层20的材料的折射率为n 2，为满足全反射条件，则需要满足下述关系：
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000008
因此全反射层20中两个倾斜面的夹角θ需满足下述关系：
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000009
出射光线与垂直屏幕的法线方向的夹角α 1满足：
Figure PCTCN2019070529-appb-000010
因此，根据构成全反射层20的材料折射率n 2和全反射层20的倾斜面外侧材料的折射率n 1就可以确认合适的梯形全反射层20中两个倾斜面的夹角θ，并可以算出由全反射层20得到的扩散角度。
图14说明投影光线经全反射层20的两个倾斜面反射后的光强曲线。投影光线经两倾斜面反射后各有一条光强曲线，如图14所示，这两条光强曲线分别在±γ处具有一个光强峰值，并在叠加后得到一条新的随出射光线角度变化的曲线，其中，γ指的经过倾斜面反射后的出射光线与垂直屏幕平面的法线方向的夹角α 1和α 2。该叠加后的曲线说明经两个倾斜面反射后的出射光线的扩散效果，即增大了投影屏幕的可视角。
通过上述对于本发明中投影屏幕的结构、原理等说明可知，本发明中的投影屏幕与长焦投影机配合使用，使得经过全反射层反射后的出射光线具有扩散角度。同时该全反射层与形成在屏幕表面的扩散层或体扩散薄膜等扩散材料一起使用，能够有效地扩大屏幕视角。
此外，在本发明的全反射层中使用梯形微结构，由此兼顾了多个角度入射的环境光线，使黑色吸光层能够更多地吸收环境光线，从而能够更加显著地提高屏幕的对比度。
本领域技术人员应当理解，依据设计要求和其他因素，可以在本发明随附的权利要求或其等同物的范围内进行各种修改、组合、次组合以及改变。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种投影屏幕，其包括从光入射侧依次设置的基板、全反射层和用于吸收光线的吸光层，
    其中，所述全反射层具有多个在所述投影屏幕的垂直方向上延伸的梯形微结构，所述多个梯形微结构在所述投影屏幕的水平方向上周期性排列。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其中，各所述梯形微结构的横截面具有等腰梯形的形状，所述等腰梯形的下底边面向光入射侧且上底边面向所述吸光层，所述下底边比所述上底边长。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其还包括扩散层，所述扩散层用于扩散来自所述全反射层的光线，其中，所述扩散层和所述全反射层分别形成在所述基板的两面。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其还包括扩散层，所述扩散层用于扩散来自所述全反射层的光线，其中，所述扩散层和所述全反射层分别贴合在所述基板的两面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其还包括扩散层，所述扩散层用于扩散来自所述全反射层的光线，所述基板包括彼此贴合的第一基板和第二基板，所述全反射层形成在所述第一基板上，所述扩散层形成在所述第二基板中与贴合所述第一基板的面相对的面上。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的投影屏幕，其中，所述扩散层可通过热压印或UV胶水转印的方式形成。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的投影屏幕，其中，所述基板包括彼此贴合的第一基板和第二基板，所述全反射层形成在所述第一基板上，所述扩 散层形成在所述第二基板中与贴合所述第一基板的面相对的面上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，所述全反射层的梯形微结构的上底边的长度与下底边的长度之比在0.05-0.9的范围内。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其中所述基板包括PET、PC、PVC或PMMA。
  10. 一种投影系统，其包括：
    投影屏幕，其中，所述投影屏幕为根据权利要求1-9中任一权利要求所述的投影屏幕；以及
    长焦投影机，所述长焦投影机从所述光入射侧朝向所述投影屏幕发射投影光线。
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US11194243B2 (en) 2021-12-07
CN110554557B (zh) 2021-10-22
EP3805860A1 (en) 2021-04-14
CN110554557A (zh) 2019-12-10
US20210223675A1 (en) 2021-07-22
KR20210010934A (ko) 2021-01-28
KR102473882B1 (ko) 2022-12-02
EP3805860A4 (en) 2022-03-16

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