WO2019228416A1 - 铝合金及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
铝合金及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019228416A1 WO2019228416A1 PCT/CN2019/089075 CN2019089075W WO2019228416A1 WO 2019228416 A1 WO2019228416 A1 WO 2019228416A1 CN 2019089075 W CN2019089075 W CN 2019089075W WO 2019228416 A1 WO2019228416 A1 WO 2019228416A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of die-cast aluminum alloys, and in particular to a high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof.
- Aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, good toughness, corrosion resistance, and unique metallic luster. It is used by more and more electronic appliances, communication equipment, lighting devices, automobiles and other components, such as smartphones, laptops, tablets Computer shell, LED lamp radiator and lamp cover, 3G, 4G wireless communication base station radiators, cabinets, filters, rice cookers, induction cookers, heating plates of water heaters, controller enclosures for new energy vehicles, and drive motor enclosures. In order to meet the requirements of thin-walled parts, light weight, high strength, and casting production, higher requirements have been placed on the casting fluidity and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.
- Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy At present, the most commonly used cast aluminum alloy is Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy, and the typical brands are ZL101, A356, A380, ADC10, ADC12 and so on.
- Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy usually contains more than 6.5% of Si element, so it has good casting fluidity and meets the requirements of casting process.
- the main constituent elements of the ADC12 material are silicon 9.6-12% by weight, copper 1.5-3.5% by weight, magnesium ⁇ 0.3%, zinc ⁇ 1.0%, iron ⁇ 0.9%, manganese ⁇ 0.5%, nickel ⁇ 0.5%, and tin ⁇ 0.3%.
- ADC12 material is Al-Si-Cu series alloy, which has good die-casting formability and is suitable for thin-walled parts. It is commonly used in cylinder head covers, sensor brackets, covers, cylinders and other products. However, the mechanical properties of the ADC12 material after die-casting are general. Its tensile strength is 250-280MPa and yield strength is 170-190MPa, which cannot meet the aluminum alloy die-casting products that require higher bearing capacity.
- CN1607261A discloses a new die-cast aluminum alloy.
- the main components are: 78-87% of aluminum, 10.0-14.0% of silicon, 2.5-4.5% of copper, 0-2.0% of nickel, 0-1.5% of manganese, and others. Impurities and less than 2.0%.
- the content of each element in other impurities is 0-0.5% iron, 0-0.4% chromium, 0-0.5% cobalt, 0-1.0% cerium, 0-1.0% lanthanum, 0-0.5% magnesium, 0-0.2% titanium, zinc 0-3.0%, strontium 0-0.07%, the weight percentage of each of the other unspecified impurity elements is less than 0.3%.
- the total nickel and manganese content remains between 0.5-2.0%.
- the new die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the invention has good fluidity, low tendency to cracks, and good high-temperature strength, and can reduce the deformation of the casting when the film is stripped.
- the die-cast aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 45-47 ksi, a drop strength of 24-26 ksi, and an elongation (%) with a gauge length of 50-5.0 mm.
- CN102312135B discloses a high-temperature aluminum alloy having a trialuminide compound forming a crystalline structure selected from the group consisting of L12, D022, and D023.
- the alloy basically consists of: 0-2.0 wt% at least one rare earth element, 0.5-14 wt% Silicon, 0.25-2.0 wt% copper, 0.1-3.0 wt% nickel, 0.1-1.0 wt% iron, 0.1-2.0 wt% zinc, 0.1-1.0 wt% magnesium, 0-1.0 wt% silver, 0.01-0.2 wt% strontium , 0-1.0wt% manganese, 0-0.5wt% calcium, more than 0-0.5wt% germanium, 0-0.5wt% tin, 0-0.5wt% cobalt, 0-0.2wt% titanium, 0-0.1wt% boron , 0-0.3wt% cadmium, 0-0.3wt% chromium, 0-0.5wt% indium, not
- the sum of the amount of copper and the amount of nickel is less than 4.0 wt%.
- the ratio of the amount of copper to the amount of nickel is greater than 1.5.
- the sum of the amount of iron and the amount of manganese is 0.5-1.5 wt%.
- the ratio of the amount of manganese to the amount of iron is at least 0.5.
- the invention requires the inclusion of zinc elements for improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys.
- CN104328315B discloses a process method for improving the friction and abrasion performance of a multi-element aluminum-silicon alloy.
- a cast aluminum-silicon alloy is smelted as an alloy liquid, and then a composite refinement modifier is added, and then treated with a degassing agent of 0.5% of the total mass of the alloy liquid;
- the specific chemical composition of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy in terms of mass percentage is: Si 7-8%, Cu 3-4%, Mg 0.3-0.4%, Mn 0.2-0.3%, Zn 0.4-0.5%, Fe ⁇ 0.35%, and the rest Is Al;
- the chemical composition of the composite refinement modifier is calculated by mass percentage, specifically: 11-13% Ti, 8-9% Cr, 9-10% Ni, 8-9% Sr, and Ce 6 -7%, La 6-7%, Nb 5-6%, Pr 3.5-4%, Er 3.5-4%, Eu 3.5-4%, Y 3-3.5%, Ba 3- 3.5%
- B is 2.5-3%
- Na 2-2.5%
- CN104630581A discloses a heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy fluent strip.
- the mass percentage of the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy material is: strontium: 0.005-0.015%, silicon: 15.55-15.65%, manganese: 0.26-0.28%, and chromium: 1.71.
- the rest are Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the rare earth includes the following mass percentages of Components: neodymium: 12-14%, praseodymium: 3-5%, praseodymium: 11-13%, praseodymium: 16-18%, and the rest are lanthanum.
- composition of the disclosed aluminum alloy material is required to contain zinc, titanium, zirconium and molybdenum elements to improve the toughness, weldability, wear resistance and the like of the aluminum alloy.
- the aluminum alloy product of the invention has the characteristics of high temperature and low temperature resistance, chemical corrosion, good processing performance, easy welding, wear resistance, long service life and the like.
- CN104651679A discloses a refractory metal-reinforced aluminum alloy material for a piston, including: silicon 10.0-25.0%, copper 1.5-6.0%, nickel 1.0-3.5%, magnesium 0.2-1.6%, iron 0.2-1.0%, and titanium 0.05- 0.3%, phosphorus 0-0.05%, manganese 0.05-0.6%, zirconium 0.05-0.3%, vanadium 0.05-0.3%, molybdenum 0-0.6%, tungsten 0-0.6%, niobium 0.005-0.6%, tantalum 0-0.6% , Strontium 0-0.05, the balance is aluminum Al.
- the invention aims to solve the problem that the existing alloy material cannot meet the requirement that the component works in a high temperature environment.
- CN106086545A discloses an aluminum alloy.
- the mass percentage of raw materials is 7.1-1.5% of silicon, 3.84-4.7% of copper, 2.1-2.8% of iron, 1.1-1.7% of zinc, 0.3-0.7% of manganese, 0.6-1.3% of manganese, and chromium. 0.6-0.9%, cerium 0.3-0.7%, magnesium 0.35-0.41%, nickel 0.55-0.57%, strontium 0.3-0.7%, boron 0.05-0.09%, and the balance is aluminum.
- composition of the aluminum alloy of the present invention contains zinc, and the properties used to overcome the various aluminum alloys in the prior art are relatively single, which makes it difficult to obtain a better synthesis of the properties of thermoplasticity, corrosion resistance and heat treatment, and the existing aluminum alloy Defects with many cracks and poor elongation.
- CN106811630A discloses an aluminum alloy.
- the aluminum alloy contains 9-12% Si, 1-2.5% Zn, 0.6-1.5% Mg, 0.3-1% Mn, and 0.5-1% by weight.
- the composition of the aluminum alloy of the invention contains zinc, which is used to improve the strength and thermal conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy, and realize the die-casting process with a lower processing cost instead of the extrusion-molding process, which has good strength, good thermal conductivity and low cost.
- Aluminum alloy castings is used to improve the strength and thermal conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy, and realize the die-casting process with a lower processing cost instead of the extrusion-molding process, which has good strength, good thermal conductivity and low cost.
- the provided aluminum alloy not only has good casting properties, yield strength can reach more than 200MPa, tensile strength can reach more than 300MPa, elongation can reach more than 3%; and it has excellent thermal conductivity, and thermal conductivity can reach 130W / (m ⁇ K) or more.
- CN107739912A discloses a casting method for an aluminum-silicon alloy automobile welding octagonal pipe gripper assembly, wherein the composition of the aluminum-silicon alloy includes (weight percentage) the main material ratio is: Al: 83-95%; Si: 5-14% ; The proportion of trace elements is: Mg: 0.01-0.8%, Mn: 0.01-0.8%, Ti: 0.01-0.6%, Sr: 0.01-0.2%, Ni: 0.01-0.5%, Cr: 0.01-0.5%, Cu : 0.01-0.5%, rare earth: 0.01-0.2%.
- the aluminum-silicon alloy provided by this method is required to contain titanium and no iron, and is used to solve the problem of sudden fracture in the use of existing products.
- the mechanical properties of the obtained product are: tensile strength:> 300MPa; elongation:> 3%; hardness:> 95HB; the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy component after heat treatment are far higher than 150% of the zinc-aluminum alloy ZL401.
- CN107779695A discloses a method for manufacturing a high-flow and corrosion-resistant chainless bicycle case.
- the percentages of each ingredient are: Si: 12-15; Fe: 0.6-0.75; Cu: 0.096-0.099; Mn: 0.02-0.024; Mg: 0.033.
- the prior art has made various improvements to the composition of the aluminum alloy, and the composition may contain different components to solve different problems.
- the composition may contain different components to solve different problems.
- it is also necessary to provide an aluminum alloy with a specific composition to meet the casting fluidity and mechanical properties of the part.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is to improve the mechanical properties of die-cast aluminum alloys, and to provide die-cast aluminum alloys, as well as their preparation methods and applications.
- the aluminum alloys have the advantage of high strength and are suitable for die-casting aluminum alloy thin-walled parts.
- the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a die-cast aluminum alloy, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy, comprising: 8-11% by weight of Si, 2.5-5% by weight of Cu, and 0.5-1.5% by weight of Mg, 0.1-0.3 wt% Ni, 0.6-1.2 wt% Fe, 0.1-0.3 wt% Cr, 0.03-0.05 wt% Sr, 0-0.3 wt% Er, 80.25-88.1 wt% Al, and Impurities below 0.1% by weight.
- the weight ratio of Cu to Mg is 2.5-7: 1.
- a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy of the present disclosure, including:
- step (1) includes: (1-1) heating and melting the aluminum ingot to obtain an aluminum liquid, and maintaining the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 720 ° C-740 ° C; (1-2) the first smelting Including: under the condition that the first melting temperature is maintained at 720 ° C-740 ° C, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, and aluminum-magnesium alloy are firstly added to the aluminum liquid for melting-I, and then aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy are added Melting with Al-Cr alloy-II.
- step (2) includes: while maintaining the second smelting temperature at 720 ° C-740 ° C, adding aluminum strontium alloy and optional aluminum hafnium alloy to the product obtained after the refining and slag removal. The second smelting is performed.
- step (2) a refining agent is blown into the alloy mixture through nitrogen to perform the refining and slag removal; the refining and slag removal time is 5-12 minutes.
- the refining agent is selected from sodium chloride and / or potassium chloride; the amount of the refining agent is 0.2-0.4% by weight of the alloy mixture.
- step (3) the temperature reaches a temperature of 670-690 ° C; and the standing time is 1-2h.
- a third aspect of the present disclosure provides an application of the above-mentioned die-cast aluminum alloy or the die-cast aluminum alloy obtained by the above method to a die-cast aluminum alloy thin-walled part.
- the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can provide better mechanical properties when the composition formed by the above-mentioned various elements is selected, and has casting fluidity that meets the requirements of the die-casting process, and is suitable for die-casting molding.
- the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a die-cast aluminum alloy, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy, comprising: 8-11% by weight of Si, 2.5-5% by weight of Cu, 0.5-1.5% by weight of Mg, and 0.1-0.3 Wt% Ni, 0.6-1.2 wt% Fe, 0.1-0.3 wt% Cr, 0.03-0.05 wt% Sr, 0-0.3 wt% Er, 80.25-88.1 wt% Al, and 0.1 wt% or less
- the content of impurities, for example, Si is 8% by weight, 8.2% by weight, 8.4% by weight, 8.6% by weight, 8.8% by weight, 9% by weight, 9.2% by weight, 9.4% by weight, 9.6% by weight, 9.8% by weight, 10% by weight , 10.2% by weight, 10.4% by weight, 10.6% by weight, 10.8% by weight, 11% by weight, Cu content is 2.5% by weight, 2.7% by weight, 2.9% by weight, 3.1% by weight, 3.3% by weight, 3.5% by weight,
- the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure contains each element of the above-mentioned composition and content, it can provide the casting fluidity and the mechanical properties of the alloy required for the die-casting forming process, and satisfy the manufacture of thin-walled parts.
- the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure contains the above elements and has a certain content to solve the technical problems of the present disclosure.
- Silicon can help improve the forming fluidity of the alloy material, increase the hardness of the alloy, increase the strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy, reduce the shrinkage rate, and reduce the tendency of hot cracking.
- the above-mentioned content of silicon element can be combined with other elements.
- the addition of copper in the above-mentioned content range to the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can match with aluminum to form an Al2Cu phase, which can help improve the alloy's fluidity, tensile strength and hardness.
- the copper content in the aluminum alloy is within the above range, a better strengthening effect can be obtained.
- the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure contains magnesium in the above-mentioned content range and can be combined with the Si element to form a Mg2Si phase, which increases the mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness) of the material and improves the corrosion resistance of the material.
- Adding a small amount of iron to the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can improve the phenomenon that the die-cast aluminum alloy is not easy to be demolded, and reduce the erosion of the mold by the aluminum alloy.
- the iron content is within the above-mentioned limited range, it can be matched with other components in the alloy.
- the die-cast aluminum alloy of the present disclosure if the iron content exceeds 1.2% by weight, there are disadvantages that the alloy fluidity is reduced, the quality of the casting is damaged, and the life of the metal component in the die-casting equipment is shortened.
- the addition of nickel in the above-mentioned content range in the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can be matched with other components in the alloy to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy, and can also reduce the alloy's erosion of the mold, while simultaneously neutralizing iron The harmful effects of the alloy improve the welding performance.
- Adding chromium in the above-mentioned content range to the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can cooperate with aluminum to form intermetallic compounds such as (CrFe) Al7 and (CrMn) Al12 in aluminum, hindering the nucleation and growth process of recrystallization. It has a certain strengthening effect on the alloy, and can also improve the toughness of the alloy and reduce the sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking. In the die-cast aluminum alloy of the present disclosure, if the chromium content exceeds 0.3% by weight, a defect that increases the quenching sensitivity of the material is generated.
- Rhenium in the above-mentioned content range may be selectively added to the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure. When added, it can cooperate with aluminum to form Al3Er particles during the solidification process of the alloy and improve the nucleation rate. Al3Er particles and ⁇ -Al have the same crystal structure as the matrix, and the lattice constants are close, which can effectively refine the alloy ⁇ -Al grains and improve the tensile strength of the alloy. In the die-cast aluminum alloy of the present disclosure, the content of hafnium is excessively higher than 0.3% by weight, and the grain refining effect is reduced.
- Adding strontium in the above-mentioned content range to the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can be used as a surface active element to change the behavior of the intermetallic compound phase.
- the addition of strontium element can be matched with other elements in the alloy. It has the characteristics of long effective time for modification, good effect and reproducibility, can improve the mechanical properties and plastic workability of the obtained die-cast aluminum alloy, and can also improve the material's thermal conductivity.
- the aluminum alloy includes: 9-10% by weight of Si, 3-4% by weight of Cu, 0.6-1% by weight of Mg, 0.1-0.3% by weight of Ni, and 0.6-1% by weight Fe, 0.1-0.3 wt% Cr, 0.03-0.05 wt% Sr, 0.1-0.25 wt% Er, 83-86.1 wt% Al, and impurities below 0.1 wt%.
- provided die-cast aluminum alloys have a low defined impurity content.
- the impurities may be elements such as Ti, Zn, and Ni.
- the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure includes a combination of various elements within a limited content range.
- the die-cast aluminum alloy is composed of the above-mentioned elements. More preferably, it is defined that the copper and magnesium elements can be used in combination to provide better casting fluidity and mechanical properties of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
- the weight ratio of Cu to Mg is 2.5-7: 1, for example 2.5: 1, 3: 1, 3.5: 1, 4: 1, 4.5: 1, 5: 1, 5.5: 1, 6: 1, 6.5: 1, 7: 1.
- the die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can provide the casting fluidity and mechanical properties required for the preparation of thin-walled parts by the die-casting method.
- the yield strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is> 220MPa
- the tensile strength is> 300MPa
- the elongation is> 1.4%.
- the casting fluidity can be evaluated by the method of testing the length of the die-casting mosquito-repellent incense mold.
- the test length of the die-casting mosquito-repellent incense mold of the die-cast aluminum alloy provided by the present disclosure can be greater than 1375 mm.
- a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy of the present disclosure, including:
- step (1) includes: (1-1) heating and melting the aluminum ingot to obtain an aluminum liquid, and maintaining the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 720 ° C-740 ° C, such as 720 ° C, 722 ° C, 724 ° C, 726 ° C, 728 ° C, 730 ° C, 732 ° C, 734 ° C, 736 ° C, 738 ° C, 740 ° C; (1-2) the first smelting includes: maintaining the first smelting temperature at 720 ° C-740 ° C Then, for example, 720 ° C, 722 ° C, 724 ° C, 726 ° C, 728 ° C, 730 ° C, 732 ° C, 734 ° C, 736 ° C, 738 ° C, 740 ° C, first add aluminum-silicon alloy,
- step (2) further refines the alloy mixture and adds required elements.
- step (2) includes: while maintaining the second melting temperature at 720 ° C-740 ° C, such as 720 ° C, 722 ° C, 724 ° C, 726 ° C, 728 ° C, 730 ° C, 732 ° C, 734 ° C
- 720 ° C-740 ° C such as 720 ° C, 722 ° C, 724 ° C, 726 ° C, 728 ° C, 730 ° C, 732 ° C, 734 ° C
- an aluminum strontium alloy and an optional aluminum hafnium alloy are added to the product obtained after the refining and slag removal to perform the second smelting.
- a refining agent may be added to the refining.
- a refining agent is blown into the alloy mixture through nitrogen to perform the refining and slag removal; the refining and slag removal time is 5-12 minutes, such as 5mim, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min, 10min, 11min, and 12min.
- the refining agent may be a refining agent commonly used in the art.
- the refining agent is selected from at least one of sodium chloride and potassium chloride; the amount of the refining agent is 0.2-0.4% by weight of the alloy mixture, such as 0.2% by weight, 0.22% by weight, 0.24% by weight, 0.26% by weight, 0.28% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.32% by weight, 0.34% by weight, 0.36% by weight, 0.38% by weight, 0.4% by weight, and preferably 0.3% by weight.
- the obtained aluminum alloy liquid is further processed in step (3) to obtain a product.
- the temperature reached to reach 670-690 ° C for example, 670 ° C, 672 ° C, 674 ° C, 676 ° C, 678 ° C, 680 ° C, 682 ° C, 684 ° C, 686 ° C, 688 °C, 690 °C, standing time is 1-2h, such as 1h, 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h, 2h. Under these conditions, it can help to obtain aluminum alloy with good casting fluidity and mechanical properties.
- various elements constituting the die-cast aluminum alloy can be better and evenly mixed, and the content of impurities in the obtained die-cast aluminum alloy is low, which can be less than 0.1% by weight.
- the aluminum ingot may be a commercially available aluminum ingot having an aluminum content of about 99.99% by weight
- the aluminum-silicon alloy may be an Al-20Si alloy
- the aluminum-copper alloy may be an Al-50Cu alloy
- the aluminum-magnesium alloy may be used to prepare the die-cast aluminum alloy, and the various alloys mentioned above can be used, and they can be obtained commercially.
- the aluminum ingot may be a commercially available aluminum ingot having an aluminum content of about 99.99% by weight
- the aluminum-silicon alloy may be an Al-20Si alloy
- the aluminum-copper alloy may be an Al-50Cu alloy
- the aluminum-magnesium alloy may be used to prepare the die-cast aluminum alloy, and the various alloys mentioned above can be used, and they can be obtained commercially.
- the aluminum ingot may be a commercially available aluminum ingot having an aluminum content of about 99.99% by weight
- the aluminum-silicon alloy may be an Al-20Si alloy
- the aluminum-copper alloy may be an Al-50Cu alloy
- the aluminum-nickel alloy may be a commercially available Al-10Ni alloy
- the aluminum-iron alloy may be a commercially available Al-20Fe alloy
- the aluminum-chromium alloy may be a commercial Commercially available Al-10Cr alloy
- the aluminum strontium alloy may be a commercially available Al-10Sr alloy
- the aluminum hafnium alloy may be a commercially available Al-10Er alloy.
- a third aspect of the present disclosure provides an application of the above-mentioned die-cast aluminum alloy or the die-cast aluminum alloy obtained by the above method to a die-cast aluminum alloy thin-walled part.
- the application can be, but is not limited to, various thin-walled parts required in electronic appliances, communication equipment, lighting devices, automobiles, such as the shell of smart phones, notebook computers, tablet computers, radiators and lampshades for LED lights, 3G , 4G wireless communication base station radiators, cabinets, filters, rice cookers, induction cookers, heating plates of water heaters, controller enclosures for new energy vehicles, and drive motor enclosures.
- the raw materials used are all commercially available products and can be obtained commercially.
- the mechanical properties of the prepared aluminum alloy were measured in accordance with the method of GB / T 228.1-2010. Three tensile parts were used and the average value was taken as the tensile test result.
- the casting fluidity of the obtained aluminum alloy was evaluated according to the test length method of the die-casting mosquito coil mold: 120 g of aluminum alloy melt (680 ° C) was added to the mosquito coil mold at a pressure of 12-14 MPa, and the extension of the melt in the flow channel was measured. length.
- the mosquito coil mold is a mosquito coil with a strip-shaped flow channel with a cross section of 5.6mm ⁇ 3.0mm. The entrance is in the center of the mosquito coil mold.
- composition and weight percentage of the prepared high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy are as follows:
- the weight ratio of Cu: Mg is 4: 1.
- the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled to 690 ° C, and then left to stand for 1 hour, and then cast into a die-cast aluminum alloy.
- composition and weight percentage of the prepared high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy are as follows:
- the weight ratio of Cu: Mg is 2.5: 1.
- Refining agent potassium chloride 0.2% by weight of the alloy mixture is blown into the alloy mixture by nitrogen at a temperature of about 720 ° C for refining and slag removal for about 10 minutes until the refining is completed; then, after refining and slag removal, Aluminum strontium alloy and aluminum hafnium alloy are added to the product, and a second melting is performed at about 740 ° C to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
- the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled to 670 ° C, and then left to stand for 2 hours to be cast into a die-cast aluminum alloy.
- composition and weight percentage of the prepared high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy are as follows:
- the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled to 680 ° C, and then left to stand for 1.5 hours to be cast into a die-cast aluminum alloy.
- composition and weight percentage of the prepared high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy are as follows:
- the weight ratio of Cu: Mg is 4: 1.
- the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled to 690 ° C, and then left to stand for 1 hour, and then cast into a die-cast aluminum alloy.
- composition and weight percentage of the prepared high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy are as follows:
- the weight ratio of Cu: Mg is 2: 1.
- the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled to 690 ° C, and then left to stand for 1 hour, and then cast into a die-cast aluminum alloy.
- ADC12 has a composition content of 10.5% by weight of silicon, 1.6% by weight of copper, 0.2% by weight of magnesium, 0.3% by weight of zinc, 0.7% by weight of iron, 0.2% by weight of manganese, 0.2% by weight of nickel, and 0.15% by weight of tin.
- GB / T 228.1-2010 was used to test the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1. Three tensile parts were measured for each aluminum alloy and the average value was taken as the tensile test result.
- Example 1 Numbering Yield strength, MPa Tensile strength, MPa Elongation,% Length, mm
- Example 2 227 310 1.42 1408
- Example 3 230 315 1.52 1392
- Example 4 220 297 1.45 1385
- Example 5 223 300 1.39 1375 Comparative Example 1 181 284 1.85 1360
- the examples using the technical solution of the present disclosure can provide the die-cast aluminum alloy with good casting fluidity, and the length measured by the die-cast mosquito coil test method is greater than 1375 mm, and The comparison is only 1360mm.
- the obtained die-cast aluminum alloy has high strength, and the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy is higher than 220 MPa, and the tensile strength is higher than 300 MPa.
- the obtained die-cast aluminum alloy can meet the elongation requirement of the prepared product, for example, the elongation of the mobile phone shell product can be not less than 1%.
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Abstract
公开了压铸铝合金及其制备方法与应用。以该铝合金总重为基准,包含:8-11重量%的Si、2.5-5重量%的Cu、0.5-1.5重量%的Mg、0.1-0.3重量%的Ni、0.6-1.2重量%的Fe、0.1-0.3重量%的Cr、0.03-0.05重量%的Sr、0-0.3重量%的Er、80.25-88.1重量%的Al和0.1重量%以下的杂质。
Description
优先权信息
本公开请求于2018年05月30日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、专利申请号为201810541052.8、申请名称为“铝合金及其制备方法和应用”的中国专利申请的优先权,并且其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
本公开涉及压铸铝合金领域,具体涉及一种高强压铸铝合金及其制备方法和应用。
铝合金具有质量轻、强韧性好、耐腐蚀以及特有的金属光泽等特性,被越来越多的电子电器、通讯器材、照明器件、汽车等零部件所采用,如智能手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑的外壳,LED灯的散热器和灯罩,3G、4G无线通讯基站的散热器、机柜、滤波器,电饭煲、电磁炉、热水器的发热盘,新能源汽车的控制器机箱、驱动电机外壳等。为了满足零部件薄壁化、轻量化、高强度和铸造生产的需要,对铝合金的铸造流动性和力学性能都提出了越来越高的要求。目前最常用的铸造铝合金是Al-Si系铸造铝合金,典型牌号有ZL101、A356、A380、ADC10、ADC12等。Al-Si系铸造铝合金通常含有6.5%以上的Si元素,因而具有很好的铸造流动性,满足铸造的工艺要求。
ADC12材料主要成分元素为硅9.6-12重量%,铜1.5-3.5重量%,镁≤0.3%,锌≤1.0%,铁≤0.9%,锰≤0.5%,镍≤0.5%,锡≤0.3%。ADC12材料为Al-Si-Cu系合金,其压铸成型性良好,适用于做薄壁件,常用在气缸盖罩盖、传感器支架、盖子、缸体类等产品上。但ADC12材料压铸后的产品本体力学性能一般,其抗拉强度250-280MPa,屈服强度170-190MPa,无法满足对承力要求较高的铝合金压铸件产品。
CN1607261A公开了一种新压铸铝合金,主要成分(重量百分比)为:铝78-87%,硅10.0-14.0%,铜2.5-4.5%,镍0-2.0%,锰0-1.5%,其他为杂质且小于2.0%。其他杂质中各元素含量为铁0-0.5%,铬0-0.4%,钴0-0.5%,铈0-1.0%,镧0-1.0%,镁0-0.5%,钛0-0.2%,锌0-3.0%,锶0-0.07%,其他未说明之杂质元素每一种之重量百分比皆小于0.3%。镍和锰总含量保持0.5-2.0%之间。该发明提供的新压铸铝合金流动性佳,裂件倾向低,同时在高温强度好,能减少铸件脱膜时变形。压铸铝合金的抗张强度为45-47ksi,降伏强度为24-26ksi,伸长率(%)标距长50mm为5.0-6.0。
CN102312135B公开了一种高温铝合金,具有形成选自L12、D022和D023的结晶结 构的三铝化物化合物,该合金基本上由以下组成:0-2.0wt%至少一种稀土元素、0.5-14wt%硅、0.25-2.0wt%铜、0.1-3.0wt%镍、0.1-1.0wt%铁、0.1-2.0wt%锌、0.1-1.0wt%镁、0-1.0wt%银、0.01-0.2wt%锶、0-1.0wt%锰、0-0.5wt%钙、大于0-0.5wt%锗、0-0.5wt%锡、0-0.5wt%钴、0-0.2wt%钛、0-0.1wt%硼、0-0.3wt%镉、0-0.3wt%铬、0-0.5wt%铟,分别不超过1.0wt%、0.2wt%和0.5wt%的钪、锆和钇中的至少一种,其余为铝。其中,铜的量和镍的量的总和小于4.0wt%。铜的量与镍的量之比大于1.5。铁的量和锰的量的总和为0.5-1.5wt%。锰的量与铁的量之比至少为0.5。该发明要求含有锌元素,用于铝合金改进的机械性质和防腐蚀性。
CN104328315B公开了一种提高多元铝硅合金摩擦磨损性能的工艺方法,先熔炼铸造铝硅合金为合金液,然后加入复合细化变质剂,再以合金液总质量0.5%的除气剂进行处理;其中铸造铝硅合金具体化学成分以质量百分比计为:Si 7-8%,Cu 3-4%,Mg 0.3-0.4%,Mn 0.2-0.3%,Zn 0.4-0.5%,Fe≤0.35%,余为Al;复合细化变质剂的化学成分按质量百分比计算,具体为:Ti为11-13%、Cr为8-9%、Ni为9-10%、Sr为8-9%、Ce为6-7%、La为6-7%、Nb为5-6%、Pr为3.5-4%、Er为3.5-4%、Eu为3.5-4%、Y为3-3.5%、Ba为3-3.5%、B为2.5-3%、Na为2-2.5%、V为1.5-2%、余为Al;除气剂为HGJ-2铝合金无钠精炼清渣。该方法提供的合金含有锌元素,针对汽车发动机用铸造铝硅合金摩擦磨损性能的提高。
CN104630581A公开了一种耐热抗磨损铝合金流利条,所述铝合金材料化学成分的质量百分比为:锶:0.005-0.015%,硅:15.55-15.65%,锰:0.26-0.28%,铬:1.71-1.73%,钛:0.012-0.015%,锆:0.22-0.24%,铜:7.9-8.1%,钼:0.13-0.17%,镁:0.08-0.16%,铬:1.86-1.88%,钨:0.027-0.029%,镍:11.5-11.7%,锌:13.2-13.4%,铁:0.5-0.7%,稀土:0.43-0.45%,其余为Al和不可避免的杂质;其中,所述稀土包括以下质量百分比的各组分:钕:12-14%,镨:3-5%,钆:11-13%,铒:16-18%,其余为镧。该发明公开的铝合金材料组成要求含有锌、钛、锆和钼元素,用于改善铝合金的韧性、焊接性、耐磨性等。并且该发明的铝合金产品具有耐高温低温,化学腐蚀、加工性能好,易焊接、耐磨损、使用寿命长等特点。
CN104651679A公开了一种活塞用难溶解金属增强铝合金材料,包括:硅10.0-25.0%,铜1.5-6.0%,镍1.0-3.5%,镁0.2-1.6%,铁0.2-1.0%,钛0.05-0.3%,磷0-0.05%,锰0.05-0.6%,锆0.05-0.3%,钒0.05-0.3%,钼0-0.6%,钨0-0.6%,铌0.005-0.6%,钽0-0.6%,锶0-0.05,余量为铝Al。该发明为了解决现有合金材料不能满足部件在高温环境下工作的问题。
CN106086545A公开了一种铝合金,原料质量百分比计为硅7.1-8.5%、铜3.8-4.7%、铁2.1-2.8%、锌1.1-1.7%、钛0.3-0.7%、锰0.6-1.3%、铬0.6-0.9%、铈0.3-0.7%、镁0.35-0.41%、镍0.55-0.57%、锶0.3-0.7%、硼0.05-0.09%、余量为铝。该发明的铝合金组成含有锌,用于克服现有技术中的各种铝合金的性能均较为单一,使得热塑性和耐腐蚀性能以及热处理强化等性能难以得到较优的综合,并且现有铝合金裂纹较多,延伸率较差的缺陷。
CN106811630A公开了一种铝合金,以重量百分比计,该铝合金含有9-12%的Si,1-2.5%的Zn,0.6-1.5%的Mg,0.3-1%的Mn,0.5-1%的Fe,0-0.5%的添加元素,以及73.7-90%的铝;所述添加元素为Ti、Zr、Cr、Cu、Bi、Ni和Sr中的至少一种。其中Mn和Mg的重量比为0.4-0.6。该发明的铝合金组成含有锌,用于提升铸造铝合金的强度及热导率,实现加工成本较低的压铸工艺代替加工成本加工的挤压成型工艺,获得强度好,导热性能好,成本低廉的铝合金铸件。提供的铝合金不仅具有良好铸造性能,屈服强度能够达到200MPa以上,拉伸强度能够达到300MPa以上,延伸率能够达到3%以上;而且具有优异的导热性能,热导率能够达到130W/(m·K)以上。
CN107739912A公开了一种铝硅合金汽车焊接八角管抓具组件铸造工艺方法,其中铝硅合金的组成包括(重量百分比计)主料配比为:Al:83-95%;Si:5-14%;微量元素配比为:Mg:0.01-0.8%,Mn:0.01-0.8%,Ti:0.01-0.6%,Sr:0.01-0.2%,Ni:0.01-0.5%,Cr:0.01-0.5%,Cu:0.01-0.5%,稀土:0.01-0.2%。该方法提供的铝硅合金要求含有钛,没有含有铁,用于解决现有产品使用中突然发生断裂的问题。得到产品的力学性能为:抗拉强度:>300MPa;延伸率:>3%;硬度:>95HB;铝硅合金组件热处理后的力学性能远超于锌铝合金ZL401的150%。
CN107779695A公开了一种高流动耐腐蚀的无链自行车壳体制造方法,各配料百分比为:Si:12-15;Fe:0.6-0.75;Cu:0.096-0.099;Mn:0.02-0.024;Mg:0.033-0.039;Cr:0.0042-0.0045;Ni:0.017-0.019;Zn:1.85-1.89;Ti:0.01-0.012;Ag<0.001;B:0.0021-0.0025;Ba<0.0001;Be<0.0001;Bi:0.0014-0.0018;Ca:0.0023-0.0025;Cd<0.0002;Ce<0.0015;Co<0.0005;Ga:0.02-0.025;In<0.0003;Li<0.0005;Li<0.0005;Na<0.0014;P<0.001;Pb<0.0004;Sb<0.002;Sn:0.002-0.0028;Sr<0.0001;V:0.021-0.025;Zr<0.0003;Hg<0.002;余量为铝。该方法提供的铝合金要求含有锌,用于解决在易腐蚀性的环境中使用时,对耐腐蚀性的要求,并且满足压铸工艺需要的熔融液的流动性。
可以看出,现有技术已经对铝合金的组成进行了多种的改进,组成可以含有不同的组分以解决不同的问题。但是要满足压铸工艺成型薄壁的零部件还需要提供限定特定组成的铝合金,以满足铸造流动性和部件力学性能。
公开内容
本公开的目的是为了提高压铸铝合金的力学性能,提供了压铸铝合金及其制备方法和应用,该铝合金具有高强度的优点,适合于压铸成型方法生产铝合金薄壁件。
为了实现上述目的,本公开第一方面提供一种压铸铝合金,以该铝合金总重为基准,包含:8-11重量%的Si、2.5-5重量%的Cu、0.5-1.5重量%的Mg、0.1-0.3重量%的Ni、0.6-1.2 重量%的Fe、0.1-0.3重量%的Cr、0.03-0.05重量%的Sr、0-0.3重量%的Er、80.25-88.1重量%的Al和0.1重量%以下的杂质。
一些实施例中,Cu与Mg的重量比为2.5-7:1。
本公开第二方面提供一种本公开的压铸铝合金的制备方法,包括:
(1)将铝锭加热熔化,然后加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝镍合金、铝铁合金和铝铬合金进行第一熔炼,得到合金混合液;
(2)将所述合金混合液进行精炼和除渣后,加入铝锶合金和可选的铝铒合金进行第二熔炼,得到铝合金液;
(3)将所述铝合金液进行降温并静置后铸造成压铸铝合金。
优选地,步骤(1)包括:(1-1)将所述铝锭加热熔化后得到铝液,保持所述铝液的温度为720℃-740℃;(1-2)所述第一熔炼包括:在保持第一熔炼温度为720℃-740℃的条件下,向所述铝液中先加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,然后加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II。
一些实施例中,步骤(2)包括:在保持第二熔炼温度为720℃-740℃的条件下,向所述精炼和除渣后得到的产物中加入铝锶合金和可选的铝铒合金进行所述第二熔炼。
一些实施例中,步骤(2)中,将精炼剂通过氮气吹入所述合金混合液进行所述精炼和除渣;所述精炼和除渣时间为5-12min。
一些实施例中,所述精炼剂选自氯化钠和/或氯化钾;所述精炼剂的用量为所述合金混合液的0.2-0.4重量%。
一些实施例中,步骤(3)中,所述降温达到温度为670-690℃;静置时间为1-2h。
本公开第三方面提供一种本公开上述的压铸铝合金或采用上述方法得到的压铸铝合金在压铸成型的铝合金薄壁件中的应用。
通过上述技术方案,本公开提供的压铸铝合金可以在选择了上述各种元素形成的组成时,能够提供更好的力学性能,并且具有满足压铸工艺需要的铸造流动性,适合于用于压铸成型加工生产铝合金的薄壁件,例如超薄手机中的关键结构件,满足零部件的薄壁化、轻量化、高强度和铸造生产的需要。
本公开的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本公开的实践了解到。
公开详细描述
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个 范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
本公开第一方面提供一种压铸铝合金,以该铝合金总重为基准,包含:8-11重量%的Si、2.5-5重量%的Cu、0.5-1.5重量%的Mg、0.1-0.3重量%的Ni、0.6-1.2重量%的Fe、0.1-0.3重量%的Cr、0.03-0.05重量%的Sr、0-0.3重量%的Er、80.25-88.1重量%的Al和0.1重量%以下的杂质,例如Si的含量为8重量%、8.2重量%、8.4重量%、8.6重量%、8.8重量%、9重量%、9.2重量%、9.4重量%、9.6重量%、9.8重量%、10重量%、10.2重量%、10.4重量%、10.6重量%、10.8重量%、11重量%,Cu的含量为2.5重量%、2.7重量%、2.9重量%、3.1重量%、3.3重量%、3.5重量%、3.7重量%、3.9重量%、4.1重量%、4.3重量%、4.5重量%、4.7重量%、4.9重量%、5重量%,Mg的含量为0.5重量%、0.7重量%、0.9重量%、1.1重量%、1.3重量%、1.5重量%,Ni的含量为0.1重量%、0.2重量%、0.3重量%,Fe的含量为0.6重量%、0.7重量%、0.8重量%、0.9重量%、1.0重量%、1.1重量%、1.2重量%,Cr的含量为0.1重量%、0.2重量%、0.3重量%,Sr的含量为0.03重量%、0.04重量%、0.05重量%,Er的含量为0重量%、0.1重量%、0.2重量%、0.3重量%,Al的含量为80.25重量%、80.5重量%、80.75重量%、81重量%、81.25重量%、81.5重量%、81.75重量%、82重量%、82.25重量%、82.5重量%、82.75重量%、83重量%、83.25重量%、83.5重量%、83.75重量%、84重量%、84.25重量%、84.5重量%、84.75重量%、85重量%、85.25重量%、85.5重量%、85.75重量%、86重量%、86.25重量%、86.5重量%、86.75重量%、87重量%、87.25重量%、87.5重量%、87.75重量%、88重量%、88.1重量%。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金包含上述的组成含量的各元素时,可以提供满足压铸成型工艺所需的铸造流动性和合金的力学性能,满足薄壁件的制造。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金含有上述元素,并具有一定的含量以解决本公开的技术问题。硅元素可以有助于改善合金材料的成型流动性,增加合金硬度,提高合金的强度和耐蚀性,减少收缩率,降低热裂倾向。上述含量的硅元素可以与其他元素相配合。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金中加入上述含量范围内的铜可以与铝匹配形成Al2Cu相,能有利于提高合金的流动性,抗拉强度和硬度。铝合金中铜含量在上述范围内时可以有较好的强化效果。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金含有上述含量范围内的镁可以与Si元素相配合形成Mg2Si相,增加材料力学性能(抗拉强度和硬度),提高材料耐腐蚀性能。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金中加入少量的铁,可以改善压铸铝合金不易脱模现象,减轻铝合金对模具的冲蚀。铁含量在上述限定范围内时可以与合金中其他组分相匹配。在本公开的压铸铝合金中,如铁含量超过1.2重量%时,存在降低合金流动性,损害铸件的品质, 缩短压铸设备中金属组件的寿命的缺陷。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金中加入上述含量范围内的镍可以与合金中的其他组分相配合,提高合金的强度和硬度,也可以具有减少合金对模具的熔蚀,同时又能中和铁的有害影响,提高合金的焊接性能的作用。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金中加入上述含量范围内的铬,可以与铝相配合,在铝中形成(CrFe)Al7和(CrMn)Al12等金属间化合物,阻碍再结晶的形核和长大过程,对合金有一定的强化作用,还可以改善合金韧性和降低应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。在本公开的压铸铝合金中,如铬含量超过0.3重量%过产生增加材料淬火敏感性的缺陷。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金中可以选择性地加入上述含量范围内的铒。添加时,可以与铝相配合,在合金凝固过程中形成Al3Er粒子,提高形核率。Al3Er粒子与α-Al具有基体相同的晶体结构,晶格常数接近,可以有效地细化合金α-Al晶粒,提高合金的抗拉强度。在本公开的压铸铝合金中,铒的使用含量过高超过0.3重量%,产生晶粒细化效果减弱。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金中,加入上述含量范围内的锶,可以作为表面活性元素,改变金属间化合物相的行为。添加锶元素可以与合金中其他元素相配合,具有进行变质有效时间长、效果和再现性好的特点,可以提高获得的压铸铝合金的力学性能和塑性加工性,还可以提升材料导热。
根据本公开,优选地,所述铝合金包含:9-10重量%的Si、3-4重量%的Cu、0.6-1重量%的Mg、0.1-0.3重量%的Ni、0.6-1重量%的Fe、0.1-0.3重量%的Cr、0.03-0.05重量%的Sr、0.1-0.25重量%的Er、83-86.1重量%的Al和0.1重量%以下的杂质。
本公开中,提供的压铸铝合金限定杂质含量低。杂质可以是Ti、Zn、Ni等元素。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金中,包含多种元素在限定的含量范围内的组合。优选地,所述压铸铝合金由上述含量的元素组成。更优选地,限定其中铜和镁元素可以相配合使用,以提供压铸铝合金更好的铸造流动性和力学性能。Cu与Mg的重量比为2.5-7:1,例如2.5:1、3:1、3.5:1、4:1、4.5:1、5:1、5.5:1、6:1、6.5:1、7:1。
本公开提供的压铸铝合金可以提供压铸方法制备薄壁件需要的铸造流动性和力学性能,可以压铸铝合金的屈服强度>220MPa,抗拉强度>300MPa,延伸率>1.4%。其中铸造流动性可以通过压铸蚊香模测试长度的方法进行评定,本公开提供的压铸铝合金的压铸蚊香模测试长度可以大于1375mm。
本公开第二方面提供一种本公开的压铸铝合金的制备方法,包括:
(1)将铝锭加热熔化,然后加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝镍合金、铝铁合金和铝铬合金进行第一熔炼,得到合金混合液;
(2)将所述合金混合液进行精炼和除渣后,加入铝锶合金和可选的铝铒合金进行第二 熔炼,得到铝合金液;
(3)将所述铝合金液进行降温并静置后铸造成压铸铝合金。
本公开中制备所述压铸铝合金的方法通过将含有上述元素的各种原料进行熔炼而得。优选地,步骤(1)包括:(1-1)将所述铝锭加热熔化后得到铝液,保持所述铝液的温度为720℃-740℃,例如720℃、722℃、724℃、726℃、728℃、730℃、732℃、734℃、736℃、738℃、740℃;(1-2)所述第一熔炼包括:在保持第一熔炼温度为720℃-740℃的条件下,,例如720℃、722℃、724℃、726℃、728℃、730℃、732℃、734℃、736℃、738℃、740℃,向所述铝液中先加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,然后加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II。
本公开提供的制备方法中,步骤(2)进一步精炼所述合金混合液并补加所需的元素。优选地,步骤(2)包括:在保持第二熔炼温度为720℃-740℃的条件下,,例如720℃、722℃、724℃、726℃、728℃、730℃、732℃、734℃、736℃、738℃、740℃,向所述精炼和除渣后得到的产物中加入铝锶合金和可选的铝铒合金进行所述第二熔炼。
根据本公开,所述精炼可以加入精炼剂。优选地,步骤(2)中,将精炼剂通过氮气吹入所述合金混合液进行所述精炼和除渣;所述精炼和除渣时间为5-12min,例如5mim、6min、7min、8min、9min、10min、11min和12min。
根据本公开,使用所述精炼剂可以更好地脱除杂质,所述精炼剂可以是本领域常用的精炼剂。优选地,所述精炼剂选自氯化钠和氯化钾中的至少之一;所述精炼剂的用量为所述合金混合液的0.2-0.4重量%,例如0.2重量%、0.22重量%、0.24重量%、0.26重量%、0.28重量%、0.3重量%、0.32重量%、0.34重量%、0.36重量%、0.38重量%、0.4重量%,优选为0.3重量%。
本公开提供的制备方法中,步骤(3)将得到的铝合金液进一步处理以得到产品。优选地,步骤(3)中,所述降温达到温度为670-690℃;例如,670℃、672℃、674℃、676℃、678℃、680℃、682℃、684℃、686℃、688℃、690℃,静置时间为1-2h,例如1h、1.2h、1.4h、1.6h、1.8h、2h。在此条件下可以有助于得到铸造流动性和力学性能好的铝合金。
本公开中,经上述制备步骤,可以实现组成压铸铝合金的各种元素更好地均匀混合,且得到的压铸铝合金中杂质含量低,可以低于0.1重量%。
根据本公开,制备所述压铸铝合金可以使用各种含有所需元素的物料,可以是上述各种合金,可以是商购获得。优选地,所述铝锭可以是铝含量约99.99重量%的商购铝锭,所述铝硅合金可以是Al-20Si合金,所述铝铜合金可以是Al-50Cu合金;所述铝镁合金可以是含有3-5重量%镁的铝合金;所述铝镍合金可以是商购的Al-10Ni合金;所述铝铁合金可以是商购的Al-20Fe合金;所述铝铬合金可以是商购的Al-10Cr合金;所述铝锶合金可以是商 购的Al-10Sr合金;所述铝铒合金可以是商购的Al-10Er合金。
本公开第三方面提供一种本公开上述的压铸铝合金或采用上述方法得到的压铸铝合金在压铸成型的铝合金薄壁件中的应用。
所述应用可以是但不限于电子电器、通讯器材、照明器件、汽车中所需的各种薄壁零部件,如智能手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑的外壳,LED灯的散热器和灯罩,3G、4G无线通讯基站的散热器、机柜、滤波器,电饭煲、电磁炉、热水器的发热盘,新能源汽车的控制器机箱、驱动电机外壳等。
以下将通过实施例对本公开进行详细描述。
以下实施例和对比例中,使用的原料均为市售品,可以商购获得。
制得的铝合金的力学性能按照GB/T 228.1-2010的方法测量,采用3根拉伸件并取平均值作为拉伸测试结果。
制得的铝合金的铸造流动性按照压铸蚊香模测试长度的方法进行评定:将120g的铝合金熔体(680℃)以12-14MPa的压力加入蚊香模中,测量熔体在流道中延伸的长度。蚊香模为截面为5.6mm×3.0mm的条形流道盘成盘型蚊香的形状,入口在蚊香模的中心。
实施例1
制备的高强压铸铝合金的成分和重量百分比如下:
Si 9.0重量%,Cu 4.0重量%,Mg 1.0重量%,Ni 0.2重量%,Fe 0.6重量%,Cr 0.2重量%,Sr 0.03重量%,Er 0.2重量%,0.1重量%以下的杂质,其余为Al。其中Cu:Mg的重量比为4:1。
按照满足上述组成准备铝锭、铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝铁合金、铝镍合金、铝铬合金、铝锶合金和铝铒合金:
(1)将铝锭进行加入熔化得到铝液,并保持温度在约720℃左右;
向铝液中加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,并保持温度在约720℃左右;
加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II,并保持温度在约720℃左右,得到合金混合液;
(2)将合金混合液0.3重量%的精炼剂氯化钠通过氮气吹入合金混合液中在约720℃左右的温度下进行精炼和除渣约12min,直至精炼完毕;然后向精炼和除渣后的产物中加入铝锶合金和铝铒合金,并在约720℃下进行第二熔炼,得到铝合金液;
(3)将铝合金液进行降温至690℃,再静置1h后铸造成压铸铝合金。
实施例2
制备的高强压铸铝合金的成分和重量百分比如下:
Si 10.0重量%,Cu 2.5重量%,Mg 1.0重量%,Ni 0.2重量%,Fe 0.6重量%,Cr 0.2重量%,Sr 0.03重量%,Er 0.1重量%,0.1重量%以下的杂质,其余为Al。其中Cu:Mg的重量比为2.5:1。
按照满足上述组成准备铝锭、铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝铁合金、铝镍合金、铝铬合金、铝锶合金和铝铒合金:
(1)将铝锭进行加入熔化得到铝液,并保持温度在约730℃左右;
向铝液中加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,并保持温度在约740℃左右;
加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II,并保持温度在约720℃左右,得到合金混合液;
(2将合金混合液0.2重量%的精炼剂氯化钾通过氮气吹入合金混合液中在约720℃左右的温度下进行精炼和除渣约10min,直至精炼完毕;然后向精炼和除渣后的产物中加入铝锶合金和铝铒合金,并在约740℃下进行第二熔炼,得到铝合金液;
(3)将铝合金液进行降温至670℃,再静置2h后铸造成压铸铝合金。
实施例3
制备的高强压铸铝合金的成分和重量百分比如下:
Si 9.5重量%,Cu 3重量%,Mg 0.8重量%,Ni 0.2重量%,Fe 0.6重量%,Cr 0.2重量%,Sr 0.03重量%,Er 0.25重量%,0.1重量%以下的杂质,其余为Al。其中,Cu:Mg的重量比为3.75:1。
按照满足上述组成准备铝锭、铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝铁合金、铝镍合金、铝铬合金、铝锶合金和铝铒合金:
(1)将铝锭进行加入熔化得到铝液,并保持温度在约740℃左右;
向铝液中加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,并保持温度在约740℃左右;
加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II,并保持温度在约740℃左右,得到合金混合液;
(2)将合金混合液0.4重量%的精炼剂氯化钠通过氮气吹入合金混合液中在约740℃左右的温度下进行精炼和除渣约5min,直至精炼完毕;然后向精炼和除渣后的产物中加入铝锶合金和铝铒合金,并在约740℃下进行第二熔炼,得到铝合金液;
(3)将铝合金液进行降温至680℃,再静置1.5h后铸造成压铸铝合金。
实施例4
制备的高强压铸铝合金的成分和重量百分比如下:
Si 9.0重量%,Cu 4.0重量%,Mg 1.0重量%,Ni 0.2重量%,Fe 0.6重量%,Cr 0.2重量%,Sr 0.03重量%,0.1重量%以下的杂质,其余为Al。其中Cu:Mg的重量比为4:1。
按照满足上述组成准备铝锭、铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝铁合金、铝镍合金、铝铬合金、铝锶合金和铝铒合金:
(1)将铝锭进行加入熔化得到铝液,并保持温度在约720℃左右;
向铝液中加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,并保持温度在约720℃左右;
加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II,并保持温度在约720℃左右,得到合金混合液;
(2)将合金混合液0.3重量%的精炼剂氯化钠通过氮气吹入合金混合液中在约720℃左右的温度下进行精炼和除渣约12min,直至精炼完毕;然后向精炼和除渣后的产物中加入铝锶合金,并在约720℃下进行第二熔炼,得到铝合金液;
(3)将铝合金液进行降温至690℃,再静置1h后铸造成压铸铝合金。
实施例5
制备的高强压铸铝合金的成分和重量百分比如下:
Si 9.0重量%,Cu 3.0重量%,Mg 1.5重量%,Ni 0.2重量%,Fe 0.6重量%,Cr 0.2重量%,Sr 0.03重量%,Er 0.2重量%,0.1重量%以下的杂质,其余为Al。其中Cu:Mg的重量比为2:1。
按照满足上述组成准备铝锭、铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝铁合金、铝镍合金、铝铬合金、铝锶合金和铝铒合金:
(1)将铝锭进行加入熔化得到铝液,并保持温度在约720℃左右;
向铝液中加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,并保持温度在约720℃左右;
加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II,并保持温度在约720℃左右,得到合金混合液;
(2)将合金混合液0.3重量%的精炼剂氯化钠通过氮气吹入合金混合液中在约720℃左右的温度下进行精炼和除渣约12mim,直至精炼完毕;然后向精炼和除渣后的产物中加入铝锶合金和铝铒合金,并在约720℃下进行第二熔炼,得到铝合金液;
(3)将铝合金液进行降温至690℃,再静置1h后铸造成压铸铝合金。
对比例1
ADC12,组成含量为:硅10.5重量%、铜1.6重量%、镁0.2重量%、锌0.3重量%、铁0.7重量%、锰0.2重量%、镍0.2重量%和锡0.15重量%。
拉伸测试
采用GB/T 228.1-2010,对实施例1-5和对比例1的铝合金进行力学性能测试。每个铝合金测量3根拉伸件并取平均值作为拉伸测试结果。
按照压铸蚊香模测试方法在相同的压铸工艺条件下测定实施例1-5和对比例1的铝合金制成的压铸蚊香模的长度。结果见表1。
表1
| 编号 | 屈服强度,MPa | 抗拉强度,MPa | 延伸率,% | 长度,mm |
| 实施例1 | 237 | 320 | 1.61 | 1450 |
| 实施例2 | 227 | 310 | 1.42 | 1408 |
| 实施例3 | 230 | 315 | 1.52 | 1392 |
| 实施例4 | 220 | 297 | 1.45 | 1385 |
| 实施例5 | 223 | 300 | 1.39 | 1375 |
| 对比例1 | 181 | 284 | 1.85 | 1360 |
通过实施例、对比例和表1的结果可以看出,采用本公开的技术方案的实施例可以提供得的压铸铝合金以良好的铸造流动性,压铸蚊香模测试方法测定的长度大于1375mm,而对比例仅为1360mm。此外得到的压铸铝合金的强度高,压铸铝合金屈服强度>220MPa,抗拉强度>300MPa可以用于压铸成型方式制备薄壁件。另外得到的压铸铝合金可以满足制备产品的延伸率要求,例如手机壳产品的延伸率满足不小于1%即可。
以上详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式,但是,本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本公开的技术构思范围内,可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本公开的思想,其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、 或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本公开的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (10)
- 一种压铸铝合金,其中,以所述铝合金总重为基准,包含:8-11重量%的Si;2.5-5重量%的Cu;0.5-1.5重量%的Mg;0.1-0.3重量%的Ni;0.6-1.2重量%的Fe;0.1-0.3重量%的Cr;0.03-0.05重量%的Sr;0-0.3重量%的Er;80.25-88.1重量%的Al;以及0.1重量%以下的杂质。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金,其中,所述铝合金包含:9-10重量%的Si;3-4重量%的Cu;0.6-1重量%的Mg;0.1-0.3重量%的Ni;0.6-1重量%的Fe;0.1-0.3重量%的Cr;0.03-0.05重量%的Sr;0.1-0.25重量%的Er;83-86.1重量%的Al;以及0.1重量%以下的杂质。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的铝合金,其中,Cu与Mg的重量比为2.5-7:1。
- 一种制备权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的压铸铝合金的方法,包括:(1)将铝锭加热熔化,然后加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金、铝镁合金、铝镍合金、铝铁合金和铝铬合金进行第一熔炼,得到合金混合液;(2)将所述合金混合液进行精炼和除渣后,加入铝锶合金和可选的铝铒合金进行第二 熔炼,得到铝合金液;(3)将所述铝合金液进行降温并静置后铸造成压铸铝合金。
- 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,步骤(1)包括:(1-1)将所述铝锭加热熔化后得到铝液,保持所述铝液的温度为720℃-740℃;(1-2)所述第一熔炼包括:在保持第一熔炼温度为720℃-740℃的条件下,向所述铝液中先加入铝硅合金、铝铜合金和铝镁合金进行熔炼-I,然后加入铝铁合金、铝镍合金和铝铬合金进行熔炼-II。
- 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,其中,步骤(2)包括:在保持第二熔炼温度为720℃-740℃的条件下,向所述精炼和除渣后得到的产物中加入铝锶合金和可选的铝铒合金进行所述第二熔炼。
- 根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(2)中,将精炼剂通过氮气吹入所述合金混合液进行所述精炼和除渣;所述精炼和除渣时间为5-12min。
- 根据权利要求4-7中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述精炼剂选自氯化钠和氯化钾中的至少之一;所述精炼剂的用量为所述合金混合液的0.2-0.4重量%。
- 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,步骤(3)中,所述降温达到温度为670-690℃;静置时间为1-2h。
- 一种权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的压铸铝合金或采用权利要求4-9中任一项所述的方法得到的压铸铝合金在压铸成型的铝合金薄壁件中的应用。
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| EP19812256.6A EP3805416B1 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2019-05-29 | Aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3805416A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
| US20210207249A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
| CN110551924A (zh) | 2019-12-10 |
| EP3805416B1 (en) | 2022-07-27 |
| US12241145B2 (en) | 2025-03-04 |
| EP3805416A4 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
| CN110551924B (zh) | 2021-09-21 |
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