WO2019231238A1 - 통증의 강도를 측정하는 방법 - Google Patents
통증의 강도를 측정하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4824—Touch or pain perception evaluation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B40/00—ICT specially adapted for biostatistics; ICT specially adapted for bioinformatics-related machine learning or data mining, e.g. knowledge discovery or pattern finding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
- G01N33/9406—Neurotransmitters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0033—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0033—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room
- A61B5/004—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part
- A61B5/0042—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part for the brain
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7275—Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/037—Emission tomography
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/501—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography
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- A61B6/5211—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/041—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K51/044—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins
- A61K51/0455—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/60—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances involving radioactive labelled substances
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6872—Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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- G16B5/20—Probabilistic models
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- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/2842—Pain, e.g. neuropathic pain, psychogenic pain
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for objectively measuring the intensity of pain, and more particularly, to providing a pain template to provide a method for objectively measuring the intensity of pain.
- Pathological pain unlike natural physiological pain, does not benefit survival and is mainly caused by abnormalities of the nervous system.
- Neuropathic pain is a representative pathological pain, and individuals with neuropathic pain generally feel pain by recognizing harmless external sensory stimuli as harmful.
- research on neuropathic pain has been actively conducted in the last few decades, no standard method for objectively assessing the intensity of pain is currently established. Since the symptoms and the intensity of pain after chronic injury vary from subject to individual, it is difficult to develop standard assessment methods for objectively evaluating them. The degree of pain amplification varies from subject to individual, and objective diagnostic techniques have not been established. Currently, the patient's subjective statements are inevitable in measuring the pain level of the patient.
- Prior art aimed at diagnosing neuropathic pain has primarily relied on sel f-reports of patients and several physical examination techniques.
- Conventional tools used to screen for neuropathic pain include Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, Neuropathic Pain Scale, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs, Neuropathic Pain Quest ionnai re, Neuropathic Pain symptom Inventory, "Douleur Neuropathique en 4 quest ions", pain DETECT, Pain Qualitative Assessment Scale, Short-Form McGill Pain Quest ionnaire.
- the present inventors have attempted to provide a pain template using an expression pattern of an indicator material and a method for objectively measuring the intensity of pain using the pain template.
- One embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for objectively measuring the degree of pain through the brain image, without relying on verbal communication or behavioral response.
- Another example of the present invention relates to a method of making a pain template using an indicator material expression pattern according to the intensity of pain, and measuring a pain intensity of a subject using the pain template.
- the present invention generates a pain template by analyzing a correlation between pain indicator and pain intensity in the brain of the reference subject, and applies the indicator expression pattern measured in the test subject to the pain template to test subject pain. It provides a method of measuring the strength of the. More specifically, the present invention provides for the availability of indicators measured at each pain intensity in at least two brain regions of a reference subject, each brain. Generating a pain template indicating a correlation between regions and pain intensity step by step; And
- the level of pain intensity with the highest similarity is selected by applying the availability of the indicator substance measured in the at least two brain regions of the test subject to the pain template, and analyzing the indicator substance availability and similarity step by step for each pain intensity. Thereby determining a pain intensity with the test subject.
- the at least two brain regions, in which the solubility of the indicator substance changes due to pain (1) the rostral tail nucleus-shell amen of the striatum, left, (2) ) Caudal tail-shell amen of the striatum, left, (3) Insular cortex, left, (4) Secondary somatosensory cortex (Secondary) somatosensory cortex, left), (5) Hippocampus, right; rostral, (6) Hippocampus, right; caudal, (7) Primary somatosensory cortex, left; trunk region, (8) primary somatosensory cortex, right; trunk region, (9) primary somatosensory cortex, right; hindlimb region) (10) Secondary somatosensory cortex (right), (11) Right hypothalamus Behind the nucleus of (Hypothalamus, right; posterior nucleus), and (12) it may be at least 2 kinds selected from the group consisting of the anterior cortex central target (Anterior midcingulate cortex).
- the pain template comprises the steps of standardizing the availability of at least two indicators of each brain region divided by the average value of the availability of indicators of each brain region; And subdividing the standardized value into at least 200 pain intensity stages through regression analysis, wherein the mean value of each region is an average value of the indicator substance availability of each brain region obtained from the control group without pain. .
- Coefficient analysis Euclidean distance analysis, Mahalanobis distance analysis, support vector analysis, cosine May be performed by one or more analytical methods selected from the group consisting of Cosine Distance analysis, Manhattan Distance analysis, Jaccard Coefficient analysis, and Extended Jaccard Coefficient analysis. However, it is not limited thereto.
- the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis may be performed by the following Equation 2, and the similarity may be evaluated such that an r value calculated by the following Equation 2 is close to one.
- n Number of brain regions
- the present invention analyzes the correlation between pain indicator and pain intensity in the brain of a reference subject to generate a pain template, and applies the solubility pattern or expression pattern of the indicator indicated immediately in the test subject to the pain template for testing.
- a method of measuring the intensity of an individual's pain is provided. Accordingly, the present invention analyzes the availability or expression pattern of the pain indicator in the brain of the reference subject to generate the pain template, and measures the availability or expression pattern of the indicator in the test subject and applies it to the pain template.
- the term "availability" of the indicator refers to the amount of the indicator in a state capable of binding to the binding agent, and may include the expression amount or functional activity of the indicator in vivo.
- the solubility of the indicator can be measured to the extent of expression of the indicator.
- the solubility of the indicator can be measured by the activity of the indicator.
- the indicator according to the intensity of pain is a substance present in specific brain regions involved in pain information processing, solubility or expression of the indicator
- the degree may be a material having a specific pattern according to the intensity of pain felt by the subject.
- Examples of such indicator substances include metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5).
- One example of the present invention is a method that can objectively measure the intensity of pain using the soluble or expression pattern of metabolic glutamate receptors present in the brain.
- the degree of availability or expression of metabolic glutamate receptors present in specific brain regions involved in pain information processing exhibits a specific pattern depending on the intensity of pain felt by the subject.
- the indicator material may be a material that shows a change such as increase or decrease in the brain of the individual.
- the indicator may be, for example, metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), but is not limited thereto.
- Metabolic glutamate receptor 5 mGluR5
- mGluR5 is a type of G-protein associated receptor that is highly expressed in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. It is known to regulate neuroplasticity mainly in the synaptic thick film of nerve cells, and mGluR5 is directly related to neurological diseases such as fragile X syndrome and neuropathic pain.
- Disorders associated with mGluR5 include pain and drug dependence, degenerative neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, hunting disorders chorea, schizophrenia and mental disorders such as anxiety and depression.
- PET Positron Emission Tomography
- SPECT Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- PET positron emission tomography
- the technique measures how much the substance is in a certain area of the body.
- a method of measuring the solubility or expression pattern thereof may be PET, SPECT, or the like.
- the labeling agent may be bound to ABP688.
- the tracer is to specifically bind to the indicator material to measure the amount of the indicator material, for example, radioactive It may be an radio tracer.
- it may be [11C] ABP688, which is a chemical that specifically binds to mGluR5 and is capable of measuring mGluR5 availability by tagging a radioisotope [11C], but is not limited thereto.
- ABP688 is a chemical that selectively binds to metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5),
- ABP688 is a substance tagged with ABP688 with a radioisotope [11C].
- MGluR5 levels can be determined by scanning with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using [11C] ABP688 as a radioisotope tracer. Specifically, by injecting a radioisotope tracer that specifically binds to metabolic glutamate receptor 5 to the subject, and then measuring the metabolic glutamate receptor 5 in the brain using PET, and analyzing the expression patterns of individual subjects, the presence or absence of pain And pain can be accurately and objectively measured.
- PET Positron Emission Tomography
- the brain region in which the solubility of the indicator is changed by pain means a region in the brain in which the solubility of the indicator is increased or decreased as the pain is applied to the individual.
- the brain region in which the solubility of the indicator is changed by pain may be a brain region in which the solubility of the indicator is changed by neuropathic pain caused by the right hind paw.
- the brain region in which the solubility of the indicator substance changes due to the pain in the case of causing neuropathic pain in the right hind foot, the brain region in which the solubility of the indicator substance changes due to the pain,
- Insular cortex, left (abbreviation: Ins_left),
- H i ppo_c auda 1 _r i ght Pr imary somatosensory cortex, left; trunk region (abbreviation: Sl_trunk_left),
- Pr imary somatosensory cortex (right; trunk region) (abbreviation: Sl_trunk_right)
- Anterior midcingulate cortex (abbreviation: aMCC)
- the brain region in which the solubility of the indicator substance changes due to pain is at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, and at least eight selected from the group consisting of (1) to (12). Or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more.
- the brain regions in which the availability of indicators changes due to pain may include stri atum (caudate-put amen), primary somatosensory cortex, and secondary somatosensory cortex. (secondary somatosensory cortex), and the subject cortex (Cingulate cortex), but is not limited thereto.
- the method of measuring the intensity of pain of a test subject in accordance with the present invention comprises analyzing a correlation between pain indicator and pain intensity in the brain of a reference subject to generate a pain template.
- the present invention provides a method of generating a pain template in which at least two or more brain regions of a reference subject show the availability of indicators measured at each and pain intensity, indicating a step-by-step correlation of each brain region and pain intensity;
- the highest correlation of pain by applying the availability of the indicators measured in the at least two brain regions of the test subject to the pain template, and analyzing the similarity of the indicators with each step of pain intensity. Selecting a step of intensity and determining a pain intensity of the test subject.
- the behavioral response was used to find a pattern appearing in the brain image.
- Behavioral techniques used evasion response thresholds for von Frey f i laments, which are widely used in patient and animal models.
- the corresponding brain image pattern may be established as a comparison criterion.
- the brain image is compared with a brain image pattern established as a comparison criterion, so that it is possible to measure the degree of pain of the subject without a checkup such as an evasion response threshold.
- the subject is a rodent, a mouse, a rat, a hamster, a guinea pig, a reptile, an amphibian, a mammal, a canine, a feline, a hare, a pig, a cow, a sheep, a monkey, a primate, a mammal except a human, a primate except a human It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the reference entity refers to an individual who already knows the intensity of pain, and refers to an individual whose intensity of pain is established by a biological or statistical method and can be used as a reference.
- the subject may measure an avoidance response threshold by a von Frey f laments method, but is not limited thereto.
- the reference subject may be a neuropathic pain induced in the right hind paw.
- 15 days after the surgery to surgically induce neuropathic pain by unilaterally injuring the nerve through a surgical method the subject may measure the avoidance response threshold using the bone filament.
- Surgical methods of neuropathic pain may reduce the tactile threshold and be more sensitive to stimuli, but the extent of the threshold may vary from subject to subject despite the same surgical and experimental settings.
- reference individuals with pain of varying intensity can be obtained.
- it may be an individual whose intensity of pain is established through verbal communication, physical examination, behavioral measurement, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- the pain template may include at least two or more regions of the brain region of a reference subject whose intensity of pain is objectively established. 2019/231238 1 »(: 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2019/006449
- the solubility of the indicator is measured and the template is used to represent the solubility of the indicator in the brain region at each pain stage.
- the pain template in the present invention means that the availability of the indicator substance measured according to the intensity of pain in at least two or more brain regions of the reference individual is expressed according to the intensity of pain and each brain region.
- the pain template measures 1 11 5 availability within a specific region of a reference subject using [11 Jesse 688], and uses it to provide specific brain specific regions of the marker at the pain stage. This may be displayed, but is not limited thereto.
- Pain template in the present invention at least 10 or more steps, 20 or more steps,
- 30 or more steps, 40 or more steps, 50 or more steps, 60 or more steps, 70 or more steps, 80 or more steps, 90 or more steps, 100 or more steps, 110 or more steps, 120 or more steps, 130 or more steps, 140 or more steps, 150 steps Or more, 160 or more, 170 or more, 180 or more, 190 or more, or 200 or more may be to distinguish the degree of pain. More preferably, it may be to distinguish the degree of pain of at least 100 steps or more. More preferably, it may be to distinguish the pain degree of at least 200 steps or more.
- the pain template may be a breakdown of pain stages through regression analysis. For example, regression analysis of the availability of indicators measured according to the intensity of pain in at least two brain regions of ten reference individuals may be divided into 200 pain stages. The regression analysis may be performed using a least square method, but is not limited thereto.
- the method of measuring the intensity of pain of a test subject according to the present invention may include determining a pain intensity of a test subject having an unknown pain intensity by using a pain template obtained from the reference subject. Specifically, the pain intensity determination of the test subject is performed by applying the availability of the indicator substance measured in the at least two brain regions of the test subject to the pain template, and analyzing the index substance availability and correlation coefficient for each pain intensity.
- the pain intensity of the test subject can be measured by comparing the marker substance availability per brain region of the test subject with the pain template. Specifically, the solubility of the indicator material measured in at least two brain regions of the test subject is compared with each pain intensity of the pain template to determine the intensity of pain determined as the most correlated as the pain intensity of the test subject. Can be.
- the indicator material is preferably the same as the indicator material of the reference individual used in generating the pain template.
- determining the pain intensity of the test subject using the pain template includes (0) measuring the availability of the indicator as measured in the at least two brain regions of the test subject, and (ii) measuring the Applying the solubility to the pain template, performing a step-by-step indicator availability and similarity analysis of each pain intensity, and (iii) selecting the level of pain intensity with the highest similarity in the results of the similarity analysis, the pain intensity of the test subject. Determining to be a step of.
- the degree of concordance was calculated by the similarity analysis between the availability of the indicators for each brain region measured in the test subjects and the availability of the indicators for each brain region in each of the pain levels 1 to 200 of the pain template.
- the pain level of the 100 steps and the availability of the indicators for each brain region are shown to be the most consistent, it may mean that the pain intensity of the test subject is determined as 100 out of 1 to 200 steps.
- the similarity analysis may calculate the similarity through an algorithm that calculates the similarity, for example, a method of calculating the degree of correlation using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient (Spearman 1 s A method of calculating the degree of correlation using Correlation Coefficient analysis, a method of calculating the similarity using each Euclidean distance on a multidimensional coordinate plane, and the similarity using the Mahalanobis distance.
- an algorithm that calculates the similarity for example, a method of calculating the degree of correlation using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient (Spearman 1 s A method of calculating the degree of correlation using Correlation Coefficient analysis, a method of calculating the similarity using each Euclidean distance on a multidimensional coordinate plane, and the similarity using the Mahalanobis distance.
- Calculation method how to calculate similarity using support vector, how to calculate similarity using cosine distance, how to calculate similarity using Manhattan distance, Jaccard Coefficient) to calculate the similarity, and extended Zaka Coefficient can be performed in one or more method selected from the group consisting of a method of calculating the similarity degree by using the (Extended Jaccard Coefficient), but is not limited to this. 2019/231238 1 » (: 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2019/006449
- the coincidence of the indicator substance availability and pain template for each brain region measured in the test subject can be calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis technique. More specifically, the pain level of the pain template whose value of the correlation coefficient calculated by Equation 2 below is closest to 1 may be determined as the intensity of pain of the test subject.
- Pearson's correlation analysis is a method used to find the correlation between two variables.
- the Pearson's correlation coefficient for () and () are divided by the degree of change of X and. Pearson's correlation coefficient may be calculated by Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 may be summarized as Equation 2 as follows.
- Equation 1 and Equation 2 the variable X is standardized by dividing the availability of the indicator substance measured in II areas of interest 0? 01 of the brain of the test subject by the average value of each area.
- Equations 1 and 2 the variable is the solubility of the indicator in any one of the pain stages of the pain template.
- variable X is the standardized availability of the indicators measured in the II brain regions of the test subject
- £ is the average value of the standardized values of the indicators measured in the II brain regions of the test subject.
- the variable X is the 2019/231238 1 »(: 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2019/006449
- the data is shown as a red square in the upper figure in FIG. 53 to show an example of a variable.
- the variable is the availability of indicators measured in II brain regions, at one stage of pain in the pain template.
- the variable is the solubility of the markers in 11 brain regions of any one pain stage in the pain template.
- the pain template is subdivided into pain intensities of 1 to 200, it means the availability of the indicators for the brain regions at any one of the pain intensities.
- the pain template is generated so that the avoidance response threshold in the range of 0 to 4 ⁇ or pain intensity is subdivided into 200 steps and has a range of 0.02 ⁇ per step, then the variable V is equal to 0.02 of the pain template. Indicative values of markers in II brain regions are shown in the range of.
- the variable is a value extracted from any one of the steps included in the pain template created from the reference entity.
- the variable is represented by a plurality of black squares in the lower figure in FIG. 53 to show an example of the variable. .
- the task of calculating whether the data of one test subject (variable X) has a value of one step of the pain template (how much correlation coefficient is included in the variable ⁇ ) is repeatedly calculated for each of the 200 steps. Notice the results displayed.
- Another example of the invention relates to a pain template, which correlates the solubility of an indicator measured in at least two brain regions of a reference subject and the pain intensity induced in the reference subject.
- the pain intensity may be distinguished by at least 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, or 200 or more steps.
- Another example of the invention the step of causing artificial pain in the reference subject; Measuring the degree of solubility of the indicator in at least two brain regions of the pain-induced reference subject; And generating a pain template indicating a correlation between the intensity of pain artificially induced in the reference subject and the degree of availability of the indicator substance for each brain region.
- the method of generating the pain template is divided by the average degree of the availability of the indicators of each brain region obtained from the control group not induced pain, the degree of availability of the indicators for each of the at least two brain regions. 2019/231238 1 »(: 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2019/006449
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of inducing artificial pain in a reference subject and selecting brain regions and indicators that are significant for pain; Measuring the degree of solubility of the indicator in at least two selected brain regions of the pain-induced reference subject; In the control group that does not cause pain, measuring the degree of availability of the indicator in the brain region corresponding to each of the brain regions in which the degree of availability of the indicator is measured in the pain-induced reference individual; Normalizing the degree of availability of the indicator by each brain region of the reference individual by dividing the degree of solubility of the indicator by each brain region of the control group; And dividing the pain intensity into two or more stages using the standardized level of solubility, and obtaining a pain template patterning the degree of solubility of the indicator corresponding to each of the distinguished levels of pain intensity.
- a method of generating a template is generating a template.
- the degree of solubility of the indicator in each brain region of the control group may be an average value of the degree of solubility of the indicator in each brain region measured in at least two control groups.
- Another example of the invention relates to a method for measuring pain intensity of a test subject, comprising comparing the availability of an indicator substance measured in at least two brain regions of the test subject with each stage of pain in the pain template.
- Another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of selecting the brain region and the indicator material that causes artificial pain in the reference subject and has significance for the pain; Measuring the degree of solubility of the indicator in at least two selected brain regions of the pain-induced reference subject; In the control group that does not cause pain, measuring the solubility of the indicator in the brain region corresponding to each of the brain regions in which the degree of solubility of the indicator is measured in the pain-induced reference individual; Normalizing the degree of availability of the indicator by each brain region of the reference individual by dividing the degree of solubility of the indicator by each brain region of the control group; Dividing the pain intensity into two or more stages by using the standardized degree of solubility, and obtaining a pain template patterning the degree of availability of the indicator substance corresponding to each of the divided pain intensity
- the degree of solubility of the indicator in each brain region of the control group may be an average value of the degree of solubility of the indicator in each brain region measured in at least two control groups.
- the comparing step may be a comparison through similarity analysis.
- the method of immediately identifying the pain intensity of the test subject may further comprise determining the step of pain intensity of the pain template with the highest similarity in the comparing step as the step of pain intensity of the test subject.
- the present invention when generating a pain template as a reference for comparison, it is sufficient to measure only the expression pattern of the indicator substance in the test subject for pain diagnosis of a test subject having an unknown pain intensity. There is no need for verbal communication, physical examination, or behavioral measurements with the test subject, and no need for external stimuli to induce pain on the test subject.
- FIG. La shows the distribution of avoidance response threshold measured using von Frey f i lament at 15 days after SNL surgery in 103 rats.
- FIG. Lb shows the distribution of 10 evasion response thresholds selected among rats that successfully induced neuropathic pain.
- 2A to 2D show regions showing negative correlat ions with respect to the avoidance response threshold among regions showing significance in pain in the brain region.
- 3A to 3F show regions showing pos it ive corre at ion for the avoidance response threshold among the regions showing significance in pain in the brain region.
- 4A shows mGluR5 values by brain region of SNL individuals.
- 4B shows mGluR5 levels by brain region of Sham surgical group individuals.
- 4C shows normalization of mGluR5 levels by brain region of SNL individuals divided by the mean of each region.
- Figure 4d shows the normalization of mGluR5 levels by brain region of Sham surgery group individuals divided by the mean of each region.
- Figure 4e shows a pain template showing the mGluR5 patterns in the brain of the pain group according to the degree of pain.
- 5A illustrates the task of comparing mGluR5 information in the brain of SNL 1 with a pain template.
- Figure 1 illustrates the process by which the correlation coefficient of the pattern of each experimental animal in the population is calculated for the pain template.
- 6A shows the r-value of the pattern of mGluR5 levels and the pattern of pain template in SNL individuals.
- FIG. 6B shows the p-value of the pattern of mGluR5 levels and the pattern of pain template in SNL individuals.
- FIG. 6C shows that the original avoidance response threshold of the test animal was inversely estimated through the degree of high correlation coefficient.
- 6D shows the r-value of the pattern of mGluR5 levels and the pattern of pain template of Sham individuals.
- FIG. 6E shows the p-value of the pattern of mGluR5 levels and the pattern of pain template of Sham individuals.
- Figure 6f is a graph showing the sensitivity (sens i t ivi ty) and specificity (speci f i c i ty) according to the r-value.
- Example 1 Preparation of Reference Subjects by Fabrication of Pain Models
- SNL n Spinal Nerve Ligation
- the SNL group isolated the right L5 spinal cord nerve and tightly ligated using 5-0 silk to induce neuropathic pain.
- the control group the L5 spinal nerve was isolated but not ligated.
- Paw withdrawal thresholds which were performed immediately before and 1, 5, 9, and 15 days after surgery, were measured using von Frey filaments. Animals with abnormal motor neuropathy after surgery were excluded from the analysis.
- FIG. La shows the distribution of the avoidance response threshold measured using von Frey filament at 15 days after SNL surgery in 103 rats.
- Ten of the mice successfully inducing neuropathic pain were selected and the selected mice were marked in red in FIG.
- Threshold response thresholds of the selected mice are shown in FIG. Lb and these mice were PET scanned.
- FIG. Lb shows the distribution of 10 evasion response thresholds selected among rats that successfully induced neuropathic pain.
- mGluR5 metalabotropic glutamate receptor 5
- ABP688 a chemical that binds specifically to mGluR5 [11C]
- ABP688, a tracer with radioactive isotope [lie] was used.
- the Simplified reference tissue model can be used to convert signals from PET images into non-displaceable binding potential information, which indicates the availability of mGluR5 in each coordinate space.
- the pain model was anesthetized with isofluorane and injected [11C] ABP688 (5.05-16.15 MBq / 100 g) into the tail vein.
- Brain images were obtained using a micro-PET / CT scanner (eXplore VISTA, GE Healthcare) in list-mode for 60 minutes.
- the mGluR5 non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) of [11C] ABP688 was calculated using a simplified if ied reference tissue model with the cerebellum as the reference region. All [11C] ABP688 BPND images were averaged to create brain mGluR5 standard images, and then all BPND images were spatially normalized to brain mGluR5 standard images.
- the 3D pixels were resampled to 0.2 * 0.2 * 0.2 mm and smoothed with a Gaussian filter of ful 1-width at half maximum. Images were processed using the SPM8, MarsBaR tool box and the imgsrtm program from Turku PET Centre.
- 3D pixel regression was used using data from SNL group animals.
- clusters of 20 or more voxel clusters with a statistically significant (p-value ⁇ 0.005) correlation with the avoidance response threshold were screened.
- sphere-shaped spheres with a radius of 0.5 mm were set to regions of interest (Region-0f-Interest, ROD), and BPNDs were extracted from each R0I using the MarsBaR toolbox.
- ROD regions of interest
- BPNDs were extracted from each R0I using the MarsBaR toolbox.
- FIGS. 3a to 3f are regions showing posi tive correlat ions for the avoidance reaction threshold.
- the mGluR5 levels in the region ROI are plotted on the x-axis and the avoidance response threshold (indicating the degree of pain in the experimental animal subject) on the y-axis.
- MGluR5 values were extracted by defining regions of the same size at each coordinate, and are shown for each individual in FIG. 4.
- SNL 1 to SNL 10 is the identification number of each experimental animal, SNL 1 has a high avoidance response threshold, SNL 10 has a low avoidance response threshold. That is, SNL 1 may be regarded as having the least pain because it is relatively insensitive among the 10 pain groups, and SNL 10 may be considered as the most severe pain because it is the most sensitive.
- the y-axis represents each experimental animal of SNL 1 to SNL 10, and the x-axis represents brain regions that were statistically significantly correlated with the avoidance response threshold in the above analysis.
- region differed in every brain region (FIG. 4A).
- the mGluR5 values in each region of the subjects were normalized by dividing by the average value for each region and are shown in FIG. 4C.
- the mean value for each area was calculated based on the data obtained from the pain-free control group (Sham surgery group). Normalized mGluR5 levels in each brain region were regressed for evasion response thresholds.
- Equation [3] can represent the mGluR5 value of the region of interest.
- Equation 5 The mGluR5 value of the region of interest was estimated by the relational expression and displayed in one column.
- the pain steps in the range of 0 to 4 g of avoidance response threshold were divided into 200 steps through the above regression analysis, and 200 rows in each column of mGluR5 availability in each R () I obtained through the regression analysis were obtained. Marked on.
- the rows of regressed mGluR5 templates represent the ideal mGluR5 pattern of imaginary SNL individuals with corresponding paw wi thdrawal thresholds. By doing so, it is possible to estimate the mGluR5 pattern in the brain that the hypothetical subject with the corresponding avoidance response threshold (pain level) will have (FIG. 4E).
- mGluR5 information in the brain when mGluR5 information in the brain is given, it is possible to determine whether pain exists and the degree of pain by comparing which part of the pain template corresponds with the information. For example, the task of comparing mGluR5 information in the brain of 1) to the pain template in the experimental animal No. 1 in the pain group is shown in FIG. 5A.
- the pattern of SNL 1 will match the pattern of the top row of the pain template well.
- the correlation between the pattern of SNL 1 and each row of the pain template was compared.
- SNL 1 had a avoidance response threshold of 3.86 g.
- Pearson 's corre l at i on coef f i c i ent is calculated, and the procedure of displaying in red as the correlation coefficient is higher is shown in FIG. 5A.
- the red square row is the mGluR5 pattern of SNL 1, and this row is compared with each row of the pain template shown at the bottom.
- the correlation coefficient for each row is indicated in color on the bottom left.
- Example 4-1 Through the same process as in Example 4-1, it is possible to calculate how similar the pattern of the normalized mGluR5 value of each individual is to the pattern (pain template) of the reference individual. There are several techniques for calculating this, where Similarity was calculated by Pearson's correlat ion coef icient analysis.
- Pearson's correlation analysis is used to find the correlation between two variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient for two variables X and is divided by the degree of change of X and Y, respectively.
- the sample correlation coefficient is calculated as follows.
- the variable X is standardized by dividing the availability of the indicator substance measured in II regions of interest (1? 01) of the brain of the test subject by the average value for each region. More specifically, Variable X is a standardized measure of the availability of indicators in each of the II brain regions of the test subjects, divided by the mean value of the indicator availability in each region already obtained from a number of control subjects. That is, the variable is the standardized availability of the indicators measured in the II brain regions of the test subject, and ⁇ is the mean value of the standardized values of the indicators measured in the II brain regions of the test subject. In other words, the variable X is the data of the test subject, for example, shown in red square in FIG. 5 to show an example of the variable.
- the variable V is the solubility of the indicator in any one of the pain stages of the pain template. More specifically, the variable 2019/231238 1 »(: 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2019/006449
- the variable V is the solubility of the markers for the II brain regions of any one pain stage in the pain template.
- the pain template when the pain template is subdivided into pain intensities of 1 to 200, it means the availability of the indicators for the brain regions at any one of the pain intensities. More specifically, if the pain template is generated so that the avoidance response threshold in the range of 0 to ⁇ ie pain intensity is subdivided into 200 steps and has a range of 0.02 ⁇ per step, then the variable is defined as one of the 0.02 ⁇ of the pain template. In the range, 1: indicates the level of the indicator substance in the dog brain region. In other words, the variable is a value extracted from any one of the steps included in the pain template created from the reference entity, and is shown as a black square in FIG. 5, for example.
- the operation of calculating how much correlation coefficient the data (variable X) of one test subject has to the value (variable) of one step of the pain template is repeatedly calculated for each of the 200 steps. You can see that the results are displayed.
- the r values that any individual had for each of 200 rows of pain templates were shown in one column, and the avoidance response threshold was estimated within the range of 3 ⁇ 4 by taking the top 25% I ′′ value range in one column.
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| CN201980041354.1A CN112384128B (zh) | 2018-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | 测量疼痛强度的方法 |
| US17/056,462 US20210210167A1 (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Method for measuring intensity of pain |
| EP19812464.6A EP3804610A4 (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | PAIN INTENSITY MEASUREMENT METHOD |
| JP2020566645A JP7237094B2 (ja) | 2018-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | 痛みの強度を測定する方法 |
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| KR1020180061200A KR102027368B1 (ko) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | 통증의 강도를 측정하는 방법 |
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| WO2021132813A1 (ko) | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | 경희대학교 산학협력단 | 딥러닝 모델을 이용한 통증 평가 방법 및 분석 장치 |
| KR102589997B1 (ko) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-10-17 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 지속적 통증의 뇌 연결성 표지자 및 이를 이용한 지속적 통증의 진단 방법 |
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| EP3804610A4 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
| JP7237094B2 (ja) | 2023-03-10 |
| US20210210167A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
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