WO2020001454A1 - 波束赋形训练的方法和装置 - Google Patents

波束赋形训练的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020001454A1
WO2020001454A1 PCT/CN2019/092905 CN2019092905W WO2020001454A1 WO 2020001454 A1 WO2020001454 A1 WO 2020001454A1 CN 2019092905 W CN2019092905 W CN 2019092905W WO 2020001454 A1 WO2020001454 A1 WO 2020001454A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmitting
indication information
initiating device
resource
feedback information
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/092905
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李彦淳
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP19826632.2A priority Critical patent/EP3806345A4/en
Publication of WO2020001454A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001454A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H04B7/06952—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and device for beamforming training.
  • BF beamforming
  • the transmitter and receiver of the data need to go through a series of steps to match the directions of the best transmit beam and the best receive beam of the two to get the maximum gain.
  • This process is called beamforming. training, BFT).
  • This process is implemented by the sending and receiving parties sending bidirectional sector scanning frames (sector sweep frames).
  • the present application provides a method and device for beamforming training, which can improve the performance of BFT.
  • a method for beamforming training includes:
  • the initiating device sends first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each of the multiple transmitting beams of the initiating device, and the resource includes time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources;
  • the initiating device sends a reference signal through each transmitting beam
  • the initiating device detects feedback information sent by a responding device on a resource corresponding to each transmitting beam, and the feedback information is determined by the responding device according to a reference signal sent by each transmitting beam.
  • the initiating device sends the first instruction information and multiple reference signals.
  • the responding device receives the first instruction information, it can obtain the resources corresponding to the multiple transmit beams through the first instruction information.
  • the responding device measures the reference signal and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the responding device detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the responding device may send feedback information to the originating device at the resource corresponding to beam 1.
  • the initiating device uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect feedback information sent by the responding device in the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can make up for the lack of uplink transmitting power of the responding device, and the initiating device can receive the feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art, thereby improving the performance of BFT.
  • a method for beamforming training includes:
  • the originating device sends a first frame, where the first frame includes first indication information and multiple reference signals, where the first indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmission beam among multiple transmission beams of the originating device, so
  • the resources include time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources, and the multiple reference signals are sent by the initiating device through the multiple transmit beams;
  • the initiating device detects feedback information sent by a responding device on a resource corresponding to each transmitting beam, and the feedback information is determined by the responding device according to the multiple reference signals sent by the initiating device.
  • the initiating device sends the first frame, and when the responding device receives the first frame, it can obtain the resources corresponding to the multiple transmit beams through the first instruction information.
  • the responding device measures the reference signal and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the responding device detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the responding device may send feedback information to the originating device at the resource corresponding to beam 1.
  • the initiating device uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect feedback information sent by the responding device in the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can make up for the lack of uplink transmitting power of the responding device, and the initiating device can receive the feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art, thereby improving the performance of BFT.
  • multiple reference signals in the embodiments of the present application may be expressed as at least one reference signal.
  • the at least one reference signal may include one reference signal, two reference signals, or more reference signals.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. this.
  • the number of reference signals in the embodiments of the present application may correspond to the number of transmission beams, and one transmission beam may be used to transmit one reference signal.
  • multiple transmission beams may also be expressed as at least one transmission beam.
  • the at least one transmission beam may include one transmission beam, two transmission beams, or more transmission beams. The embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the detecting, by the initiating device on the resources corresponding to the respective transmission beams, feedback information sent by a responding device includes:
  • the initiating device uses feedback information sent by a receiving beam detection response device corresponding to each transmitting beam on a resource corresponding to each transmitting beam;
  • the receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam meets at least one of the following conditions:
  • a receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam has reciprocity with the one transmitting beam.
  • the receiving beam and the transmitting beam may be considered to have mutual dissimilarity.
  • the pattern of the receiving beam can be the same as the pattern of the transmitting beam (for example, the difference in signal gain at each angle of the direction of the stronger signal is less than a threshold, such as 3dB), then the receiving beam and the transmitting beam can be considered to be mutually different.
  • the receiving beam is wider than the transmitting beam and covers the transmitting beam direction.
  • the half-power lobe width (HPBW) of the receiving beam is greater than the HPBW of the transmitting beam
  • the pointing angle of the receiving beam is the same as the pointing angle of the transmitting beam.
  • the beam gain of the receiving beam is not less than the beam gain of the transmitting beam minus a preset value.
  • a coverage angle range of a reception beam corresponding to one transmission beam includes a coverage angle range of the one transmission beam
  • a coverage angle range of a receiving beam that a transmission beam may correspond to may be larger than a coverage angle range of the one transmitting beam.
  • multiple transmit beams may correspond to the same receive beam, in other words, the coverage angle range of the one receive beam may include the coverage angle range of the multiple transmit beams.
  • the receiving times and / or receiving frequency domains corresponding to the multiple transmit beams are the same.
  • the distance between the antenna of the receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam and the antenna of the one transmitting beam satisfies a preset distance condition.
  • a receiving beam corresponding to a transmitting beam is a receiving beam having a minimum distance between the antenna and the antenna of the transmitting beam or a distance less than a preset distance threshold.
  • the receiving beam corresponding to the one transmitting beam satisfies one of the above conditions or simultaneously meets multiple of the above conditions.
  • a gain of the receiving beam is higher than a gain of a beam transmitting the first indication information.
  • the insufficient transmission power of the responding device can be compensated by the high-gain receiving beam, and the initiator device can receive feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art Problems, which in turn can improve BFT performance.
  • a gain of the transmission beam is higher than a gain of a beam that sends the first indication information.
  • the embodiment of the present application since the receiving beam corresponds to the transmitting beam, when the gain of the transmitting beam is high, the gain of the receiving beam will also be high. Therefore, the implementation of this application by Li Zhong can compensate for the high-gain receiving beam. Insufficient uplink transmission power of the responding device, so that the initiating device can receive the feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art, thereby improving the performance of BFT.
  • the feedback information is used to indicate an optimal transmission beam among the multiple transmission beams.
  • the indication information of each transmission beam the start time of the time domain resource, the duration of the time domain resource, and the time domain Slot information corresponding to the resource, a starting frequency point of the frequency domain resource, a frequency domain width of the frequency domain resource, and a channel number corresponding to the frequency domain resource.
  • first indication information in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the information listed above, as long as the first indication information can indicate the resources corresponding to each transmit beam, those skilled in the art may Various modifications are made to the first instruction information, and such modification is also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first frame is a sector scanning frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the first indication information is carried in a sector scanning frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the initiating device sends a reference signal through each transmit beam, including:
  • the initiating device sends a reference signal simultaneously through at least two transmit beams, wherein a reference signal sequence in any two of the at least two transmit beams has a low correlation, a low shift correlation, or is orthogonal to each other .
  • the multiple transmit beams include multiple transmit beam sets that correspond one-to-one to multiple radio frequency channels, where each transmit beam set includes at least one Transmit beam,
  • reception periods corresponding to two transmission beams belonging to different transmission beam sets do not overlap with each other, partially overlap, or completely overlap.
  • the multiple transmit beams belong to a first transmit beam group, and the method further includes:
  • the initiating device sends second instruction information, where the second instruction information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmit beam in a second transmit beam group, where the second transmit beam group includes multiple transmit beams, where the first transmit The transmit beams in the beam group and the second transmit beam group are different;
  • the initiating device sends a reference signal through each transmitting beam in the second transmitting beam group;
  • the initiating device detects feedback information sent by a response device in a receiving period corresponding to each transmitting beam in the second transmitting beam group, and the feedback information is used to indicate an optimal transmitting beam in the second transmitting beam group.
  • the resource is a time domain resource
  • a time at which the initiating device sends the second indication information is a time after receiving a time domain resource corresponding to each transmission beam in the first transmission beam group;
  • the time at which the initiator sends a reference signal through each transmission beam in the second transmission beam group is a time before the time domain resource corresponding to each transmission beam in the first transmission beam group is received.
  • the initiating device includes a first radio frequency channel and a second radio frequency channel
  • the first indication information and the second indication information are simultaneously sent by the initiating device through the first radio frequency channel and the second radio frequency channel;
  • the reference signal in the first transmit beam group and the reference signal in the second transmit beam group are sent by the initiating device through the first radio frequency channel and the second radio frequency channel simultaneously;
  • the correlation between the reference signal sequence in the transmission beam in the first transmission beam group and the reference signal sequence in the transmission beam in the second transmission beam group is lower than a preset correlation threshold or orthogonal to each other.
  • the reference signal is a training signal, or a signal composed of a short training field STF and a channel estimation field CEF, or an STF and a long training field LTF signal of.
  • a method for beamforming training includes:
  • the responding device receives first indication information sent by the initiating device, where the first indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmitting beam among multiple transmitting beams of the initiating device, and the resource includes a time domain resource and / or a frequency domain Resources
  • the responding device sends the feedback information to the initiating device.
  • the initiating device sends the first instruction information and multiple reference signals.
  • the responding device receives the first instruction information, it can obtain the resources corresponding to the multiple transmit beams through the first instruction information.
  • the responding device measures the reference signal and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the responding device detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the responding device may send feedback information to the originating device at the resource corresponding to beam 1.
  • the initiating device uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect feedback information sent by the responding device in the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can compensate for the lack of uplink transmitting power of the responding device, and the initiating device can receive the feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art, thereby improving the performance of BFT.
  • a method for beamforming training includes:
  • the responding device receives a first frame sent by the initiating device, where the first frame includes first indication information and multiple reference signals, and the first indication information is used to indicate that each of the multiple transmitting beams of the initiating device corresponds to Resources, the resources include time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources, and the multiple reference signals are sent by the initiating device through the multiple transmit beams;
  • the responding device sends the feedback information to the initiating device.
  • the initiating device sends the first frame, and when the responding device receives the first frame, it can obtain the resources corresponding to the multiple transmit beams through the first instruction information.
  • the responding device measures the reference signal and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the responding device detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the responding device may send feedback information to the originating device at the resource corresponding to beam 1.
  • the initiating device uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect feedback information sent by the responding device in the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can make up for the lack of uplink transmitting power of the responding device, and the initiating device can receive the feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art, thereby improving the performance of BFT.
  • the method of the third aspect corresponds to the first method
  • the method of the fourth method corresponds to the second aspect
  • the specific implementation and beneficial effects of the third aspect or the fourth aspect can refer to the description above, which is appropriately omitted here Detailed Description.
  • the feedback information is used to indicate an optimal transmission beam among the multiple transmission beams.
  • the feedback information may be displayed to indicate the optimal transmission beam, for example, the feedback information may carry an identifier of the optimal transmission beam, etc .; optionally, the feedback information may also be implicitly indicated.
  • the optimal transmitting beam for example, when each transmitting beam is unique to only one resource, when the responding device feedbacks the feedback information on a certain resource, as long as the initiating device receives the feedback information on the certain resource, that is, It may be determined that the transmission beam corresponding to the certain resource is the optimal transmission beam.
  • the feedback information may also implicitly indicate the optimal transmission beam, and the feedback information may be any form of information. This is not limited.
  • the responding device sending the feedback information to the initiating device includes:
  • the responding device sends the feedback information to the initiating device using a resource corresponding to the optimal transmission beam.
  • a gain of a receiving beam for receiving the feedback information by the initiating device is higher than a gain of a beam for sending the first indication information.
  • a gain of the transmit beam is higher than a gain of a beam that sends the first indication information.
  • the first indication information includes at least one of the following information:
  • the first frame is a sector scan frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the first indication information is carried in a sector scan frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the responding device receiving a reference signal sent by the initiating device through each transmission beam includes:
  • a reference signal sent by the initiating device through at least two transmit beams simultaneously, wherein a reference signal sequence in any two of the at least two transmit beams has low correlation and low shift
  • the correlations may be orthogonal to each other.
  • an apparatus for beamforming training which includes a method for performing the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or a method in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect. Individual modules or units.
  • the apparatus is an initiating device.
  • an apparatus for beamforming training is provided, which is configured to execute the third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect, or each of the methods in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect. Module or unit.
  • the communication device is a response device.
  • a device for beamforming training including a transceiver, a processor, and a memory.
  • the processor is used to control the transceiver to send and receive signals
  • the memory is used to store a computer program
  • the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the device executes the first aspect and possible implementations thereof, or the second aspect or And its possible implementations.
  • the apparatus is an initiating device.
  • an apparatus for beamforming training including a transceiver, a processor, and a memory.
  • the processor is used to control the transceiver to send and receive signals
  • the memory is used to store a computer program
  • the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the communication device executes the third aspect and a possible implementation manner thereof, or the fourth aspect Or its possible implementations.
  • the communication device is a response device.
  • the above-mentioned initiating device may be an AP / PCP, and the responding device may be an STA; or, the responding device may be an AP / PCP, and the initiating device may be an STA.
  • a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program is executed by a computer, the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the second aspect or the first aspect The method in either of the two possible implementations.
  • a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, the third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect, or the fourth aspect or the first aspect Methods in any of the four possible implementations.
  • a computer program product is provided, and when the computer program product is executed by a computer, the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect Method in implementation.
  • a computer program product is provided, and when the computer program product is executed by a computer, the third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect or the fourth aspect or any possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect is provided. Way in the way.
  • a processing device including a processor and an interface
  • the processor is configured to execute the methods as an execution subject of the methods in any one of the first to fourth aspects, and the first to fourth aspects, in which related data interaction processes (such as (Or receive data transmission) is completed through the above interface.
  • related data interaction processes such as (Or receive data transmission) is completed through the above interface.
  • the foregoing interface may further complete the foregoing data interaction process through a transceiver.
  • the processing device in the thirteenth aspect may be a chip, and the processor may be implemented by hardware or software.
  • the processor When implemented by hardware, the processor may be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc .; when When implemented by software, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, realized by reading software code stored in a memory, the memory may be integrated in the processor, may be located outside the processor, and exist independently.
  • the memory and the processor can communicate through wired or wireless means.
  • a system including the foregoing initiating device and responding device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of applicable scenarios in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array of a phased antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array of a phased antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training process according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a first indication information structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of time domain resources according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming training process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an initiator device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a response device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD LTE time division duplex
  • UMTS universal mobile communication systems
  • WiMAX worldwide interoperability for microwave access
  • 5G future 5th generation
  • NR new wireless
  • the following uses the WLAN system as an example to describe the application scenarios of the embodiments of the present application and the methods of the embodiments of the present application.
  • a WLAN may include one or more basic service sets (BSS), and the network nodes in the basic service set include an access point (AP) and a station (STA).
  • BSS basic service set
  • AP access point
  • STA station
  • IEEE 802.11ad introduces a personal basic service set (PBSS) and a personal basic service set control node (PBSP control point (PCP)).
  • PBSS personal basic service set
  • PCP personal basic service set control node
  • Each personal basic service set can include an AP / PCP and multiple sites associated with the AP / PCP.
  • the initiating device and the responding device in the embodiment of the present application may be a user station (STA) in the WLAN, and the user station may also be called a system, a user unit, an access terminal, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, and a remote terminal , Mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or user equipment (UE).
  • the STA may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or a wireless local area network (PDA).
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • PDA wireless local area network
  • the initiating device and the responding device in the embodiment of the present application may also be an AP / PCP in a WLAN, and the AP / PCP may be used to communicate with the access terminal through a wireless local area network and transmit data of the access terminal to the network side, or Data from the network side is transmitted to the access terminal.
  • the initiating device or the responding device includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on the hardware layer, and an application layer running on the operating system layer.
  • This hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU), a memory management unit (MMU), and a memory (also called main memory).
  • the operating system may be any one or more computer operating systems that implement business processing through processes, such as a Linux operating system, a Unix operating system, an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or a windows operating system.
  • This application layer contains applications such as browsers, address books, word processing software, and instant messaging software.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific structure of the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, as long as the program that records the code of the method provided by the embodiment of the application can be run to provide the program according to the embodiment of the application.
  • the communication may be performed by using the method described above.
  • the method execution subject provided in the embodiments of the present application may be an initiating device or a responding device, or a function module in the initiating device or the responding device capable of calling a program and executing the program.
  • various aspects or features of the application may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques.
  • article of manufacture encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium.
  • computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (eg, hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes, etc.), optical disks (eg, compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs) Etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (for example, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), cards, sticks or key drives, etc.).
  • various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media used to store information.
  • machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instruction (s) and / or data.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the scenario system shown in FIG. 1 may be a WLAN system.
  • the WLAN system in FIG. 1 may include one or more AP / PCP and one or more STAs.
  • FIG. 1 uses one AP / PCP and three STAs as an example.
  • AP / PCP and STA can communicate wirelessly through various standards. Among them, single-user multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) technology or multi-users multiple-input multiple-output between AP / PCP and STA can be used. (MU-MIMO) technology for wireless communication.
  • SU-MIMO single-user multiple-input multiple-output
  • MU-MIMO multi-users multiple-input multiple-output between AP / PCP and STA
  • each station is equipped with one or more antennas.
  • Each AP / PCP supports multi-site parallel uplink transmission.
  • the station or AP / PCP includes an antenna with a tunable beam, a radio frequency (RF) channel corresponding to the antenna, a signal processing module, a protocol module, and the like.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the antenna and the radio frequency channel may be a prescribed connection or a switchable connection.
  • the radio frequency channel will be connected to the signal processing module to perform digital-to-analog or analog-to-digital conversion and perform signal processing.
  • the signal processing module can generate a reference signal for measurement and receive the reference signal, estimate the signal strength, or estimate the channel quality, or estimate the channel coefficient.
  • the signal processing module is also connected to a local clock source in order to modulate the signal to the target frequency band or demodulate.
  • the local clock source can also provide a time reference for when to send a designated protocol data unit (presentation data unit, PPDU).
  • the signal processing module can trigger the sending of a specified PPDU at a specified time.
  • the signal processing module is also connected to the protocol module to perform packet encapsulation and unpacking, and execute the packet sending and receiving sequence agreed by the protocol, including sending training frames, receiving training frames, and responding to response frames.
  • the signal processing module or protocol module may also indicate the beam used by the antenna in transmission or reception.
  • the station or AP / PCP in the embodiment of the present application may further include an external interface module, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the beam may be a wide beam, a narrow beam, or another type of beam.
  • the beam forming technology may be a beam forming technology or other technical means.
  • the beamforming technology may specifically be a digital beamforming technology, an analog beamforming technology, or a hybrid digital / analog beamforming technology.
  • Beamforming is a method by which two or more parties to a communication achieve the necessary transmission link budget for subsequent communication processes. That is, by concentrating the transmitted or received signals in the direction of the beam directed at the receiver or transmitter, the signal is enhanced to improve the quality of the communication signal.
  • Beamforming training is a two-way beamforming frame transmission sequence flow that allows the AP / STA to determine the appropriate antenna system settings for transmission and reception by beam scanning and providing the necessary signaling.
  • the antenna (or directional multi-gigabit (DMG) antenna) is usually a single basic antenna composed of a phased array. Or an assembly composed of a series of switchable beam antennas, the whole can form a pseudo-omnidirectional pattern. No matter which implementation is used, it can be dynamically configured as a pseudo-omnidirectional pattern to send or receive, and it can also be dynamically configured to send or receive a specific sector or beam direction.
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • Radio frequency channel a physical entity that can be used in the receive chain and / or the transmit chain.
  • the antenna is usually connected by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). It is used for up-down conversion, filtering, power amplification (low-noise amplification) and other processing to adjust the signal to a signal suitable for the RF antenna or convert the signal collected by the antenna into a signal suitable for sampling and baseband processing.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • each antenna here actually refers to an antenna array, which is referred to as an antenna in the embodiments of this application.
  • An antenna array of a phased antenna is provided, that is, one phased antenna array corresponds to one antenna.
  • Each antenna can transmit and receive signals using beams, and can also transmit and receive signals using quasi-omnidirectional transmission.
  • the antenna used to transmit and receive signals is shown in Figure 2. Transmit and receive signals.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an initiator device and a response device that support MIMO, that is, the initiator device and the response device may have multiple RFs.
  • the initiator and responder each have two RFs.
  • an RF is only fixedly connected to a specific antenna.
  • multiple antennas can obtain the effect of diversity. Therefore, one specific antenna among the plurality of antennas can be dynamically configured by one RF.
  • the initiator device and the response device may have one RF or multiple RFs.
  • one RF may be connected to one antenna or multiple antennas, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the following first describes the beamforming training process in the existing 802.11 protocol.
  • the beam training process of the IEEE802.11ad standard may include an SLS phase and a BRP phase.
  • the SLS phase can specifically include three sectors: initiator sector scan (ISS), responder sector scan (RSS), and sector scan feedback (SSW-Feedback).
  • the phase may optionally include a sector scan acknowledge (SSW-ACK) sub-phase, thereby establishing a basic link between the initiating device and the responding device.
  • the initiating device trains the transmitting device or the receiving sector of the initiating device by sending multiple sector scan (SSW) frames or beacon frames containing the SSW field, that is, the ISS phase. Training process for the transmitting beam or receiving beam of the initiating device.
  • the responding device trains the transmitting device's transmitting beam or receiving beam by sending SSW frames in the RSS phase.
  • the results of the above-mentioned ISS and RSS phases are confirmed through the SSW-Feedback phase and the SSW-ACK phase, and it is determined whether to perform beam optimization.
  • the initiating device or the responding device may implement U beam training by sending U frames containing the SSW field.
  • the interval between different SSW frames or Beacon frames can be a short beam interframe space (SBIFS), or a long beam interframe space (LBIFS).
  • the SLS phase also establishes a basic channel for communication between the initiating device and the responding device.
  • the initiating device can obtain the optimal transmission sector to be sent to the responding device, and the responding device can also obtain the optimal transmitting sector to be sent to the initiating device. This means that the transmit beam can be selected and the gain of the transmit beam can be used.
  • the transmitting and receiving beams of the initiating device and the responding device have reciprocity
  • the transmitting sector when the transmitting sector is determined, the receiving sector can be determined according to the reciprocity.
  • the uplink and downlink coverage are asymmetric.
  • the transmitting signal of the party with the higher transmitting power can be received by the peer, and the transmitting power The signal sent by the smaller party cannot be received by the peer, which affects the performance of BFT.
  • the initiating device such as the AP
  • high power for example, 15 dBm
  • high gain beam for example, 15 dBi
  • the responding device such as STA
  • the STA transmits with 5dBm transmit power and 5dBi beam
  • the AP receives with 15dBi beam
  • the received signal is -85dBm, which is far weaker than the -75dBm signal received by the STA.
  • the receiver's receiving sensitivity is between -85dBm and -75dBm, it means that the STA can receive the signal from the AP, but the AP cannot receive the STA's uplink signal, resulting in insufficient uplink coverage (that is, uplink coverage is less than downlink coverage). problem.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for beamforming training, which can improve BFT performance.
  • an initiating device such as an AP
  • the AP can make up for the shortage of the STA's uplink transmit power by using a higher beamforming gain. Solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage.
  • the originating device for example, the AP
  • the reference signal using a high-gain beam
  • the gain is higher than the gain for performing beam scanning in Table 1, for example, 24 dBi.
  • the answering device for example, the STA
  • the AP still sends the response according to the parameters in Table 1
  • the AP can make up for the lack of the STA's uplink transmit power by using a higher beamforming gain.
  • the STA transmits with 5 dBm transmit power and 5dBi beam
  • the AP receives with a 24dBi beam
  • the received signal is -76dBm, which is close to the -75dBm signal received by the STA. It means that when the STA can receive the signal of the AP, but the AP can also receive the uplink signal of the STA, that is, the problem of insufficient uplink coverage is solved.
  • the initiating device may be an AP / PCP and the responding device may be an STA; or the initiating device may be an STA and the responding device may be an AP / PCP.
  • the following description uses the originating device as an AP and the responding device as an STA as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a beamforming training method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a beamforming training method according to another embodiment of the present application. The methods shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 may be applied to a WLAN system, which may include an initiating device and multiple responding devices.
  • FIG. 4 The difference between FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 is that the relationship between the first indication information sent by the initiating device and the reference signal is not limited in FIG. 4.
  • the first indication information sent by the initiating device and the reference signal are not limited.
  • the reference signal may be located in the same frame or in different frames.
  • the initiator sends a first frame, and the first frame includes first indication information and multiple reference signals, that is,
  • the embodiment of FIG. 5 can be regarded as a special case where the first indication information and the reference signal are located in the same frame in the embodiment of FIG. 4.
  • the method 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes:
  • the initiating device sends first indication information.
  • the first indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmit beam in the multiple transmit beams, and the resource includes a received time domain resource and / or a received frequency domain resource.
  • the response device receives the first instruction information.
  • the first indication information may be carried in a first frame.
  • the initiating device sends the first frame carrying the first indication information.
  • the first frame may be a sector scan frame (SSW), a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • SSW sector scan frame
  • beacon frame a beacon frame
  • directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the resource corresponding to each transmission beam among the multiple transmission beams indicated by the first indication information may be used to respond to the device sending feedback information, or may be used to initiate the device to detect the feedback information.
  • the first indication information may be transmitted in a direct sequence spread spectrum manner (for example, a format defined by a control PHY physical layer) or other low-rate MCS transmissions to obtain higher reliability.
  • the first indication information may also be sent in other modes, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the first indication information may only indicate a time domain resource, that is, a resource corresponding to each transmit beam is a time domain resource, for example, the time domain resource may be a certain period of time.
  • the first indication information may only indicate frequency-domain resources, that is, resources corresponding to each transmit beam are frequency-domain resources.
  • the frequency-domain resources may be channel resources.
  • the first indication information may indicate time-frequency resources, that is, resources corresponding to each transmit beam are time-domain resources and frequency-domain resources.
  • the first indication information includes at least one of the following information:
  • each transmission beam may be in the form of a bitmap, for example, the multiple transmission beams are 4 transmission beams. Then when the bitmap is 0001 or 1110, it can represent the first transmit beam; when the bitmap is 0100 or 1011, it can represent the third transmit beam, and so on.
  • first indication information in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the information listed above, as long as the first indication information can indicate the resources corresponding to each transmit beam, those skilled in the art may Various modifications are made to the first instruction information, and such modification is also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the initiating device may first send the first indication information, and then send the reference signal through the multiple transmission beams, and then detect the feedback information sent by the responding device on a resource corresponding to each transmission beam indicated by the first indication information. It should be understood that, because the initiator does not know which resource the responding device sends the feedback information, the initiator will detect the feedback information in the resource corresponding to each transmitting beam. Specifically, the initiator will use the receiving beam corresponding to each transmitting beam. Detect feedback.
  • the responding device receives the reference signals sent by the multiple transmitting beams, and the responding device determines an optimal transmitting beam among the multiple transmitting beams according to the received signal strength of the reference signal, and then the responding device will Send feedback information to the originating device on the resource. Since the originating device detects the feedback information on each resource, once the originating device sends the feedback information on one of the resources, the originating device can monitor the feedback information on one of the resources. .
  • FIG. 6 shows that the initiating device is an AP, and the responding device is an STA.
  • the AP sends first indication information through a low-gain beam, and the first indication information indicates two transmission beams, namely, transmission beam 1 (hereinafter referred to as beam 1) and Examples of the time domain resources that the transmission beam 2 (hereinafter referred to as the beam 2) should correspond to, and the transmission beam 1 and the transmission beam 2 respectively transmit the reference signal 1 and the reference signal 2.
  • Each reference signal corresponds to a training (TRN) unit in FIG. 6.
  • TRN training
  • the beams 1 and 2 used by the TRN unit for transmission are high beam gains, and the gain can be higher than The beam gain of the transmission beam 0 (hereinafter referred to as beam 0) used for transmitting the first indication information. It is assumed that the coverage angle range of beam 0 is the coverage angle range including beam 1 and beam 2.
  • first indication information and the reference signal 1 and the reference signal 2 may belong to the same frame or different frames.
  • FIG. 6 shows that the first indication information and the reference signal 1 and the reference signal 2 belong to the same frame (for example, it is the case of SSW frame), but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the initiating device first sends the first indication information through a low-gain beam, for example, beam 0.
  • the initiating device may also send the above-mentioned other information through the low-gain beam; then, the initiating device The device sends the reference signal 1 and the reference signal 2 at different angles through the beam 1 and the beam 2.
  • the STA is located in the range covered by beam 1, because the coverage angle range of beam 0 is the coverage angle range including beam 1. Therefore, the STA can receive the first indication information, and determine the time domain resources corresponding to the beam 1 and the beam 2 according to the first indication information. Because the STA is located within the coverage angle of beam 1, the strength of the reference signal 1 received by the STA is greater than the strength of other reference signals. Therefore, the STA can generate feedback information and send the feedback on the time domain resource corresponding to beam 1. information.
  • the initiator sends a reference signal through each transmit beam.
  • the initiator sends multiple reference signals through multiple transmit beams, where the multiple reference signals have a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple transmit beams.
  • the response device detects a reference signal sent by each transmission beam.
  • the reference signal is a training signal, or a signal composed of a short training field (STF) and a channel estimation field (channelestimation field, CEF), or an STF and a long training field (long training field, LTF).
  • STF short training field
  • CEF channel estimation field
  • LTF long training field
  • the reference signals such as STF / LTF may be generated using a Golay sequence, and may be modulated using a pi / 2-BPSK mode.
  • the STF may include a part of a periodic signal (sequence), and may further include a part of other signals to indicate the end of the STF.
  • the STF includes a periodic signal composed of a sequence having a basic length of 128.
  • the LTF or CEF may be composed of one or more Golay complementary sequence pairs.
  • the initiating device sends reference signals in different directions through each transmitting beam.
  • each TRN unit may correspond to a reference signal.
  • Each TRN unit sends in one beam direction.
  • the first indication information and the plurality of reference signals may be carried in a same frame, for example, the first indication information and the plurality of reference signals are carried in a first frame.
  • the actions of sending the first indication information and sending the reference signal in 410 and 420 may correspond to step 510 in FIG. 5, that is, the initiating device sends a first frame, where the first frame includes the first indication information and a plurality of Reference signal.
  • multiple reference signals in the embodiments of the present application may be expressed as at least one reference signal.
  • the at least one reference signal may include one reference signal, two reference signals, or more reference signals.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. this.
  • the number of reference signals in the embodiments of the present application may correspond to the number of transmission beams, and one transmission beam may be used to transmit one reference signal.
  • multiple transmission beams may also be expressed as at least one transmission beam.
  • the at least one transmission beam may include one transmission beam, two transmission beams, or more transmission beams. The embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the first indication information and the plurality of signals may be respectively located in different frames, for example, the first indication information is located in a sector scan frame (SSW), a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame,
  • SSW sector scan frame
  • beacon frame a beacon frame
  • directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame
  • the initiator device may use different beams to send the first indication information and the multiple reference signals.
  • the beam that sends the first indication information is different from the multiple transmit beams that send multiple reference signals.
  • the beam that sends the first indication information may be a low-gain beam
  • the multiple transmission beams that send multiple reference signals may be high-gain beams. That is, the gains of the plurality of transmit beams may be higher than the gains of the beams that transmit the first indication information.
  • the beam coverage angle range of the first indication information is the sum of the coverage angle ranges of the plurality of transmission beams. The beam directions of different transmission beams in the multiple transmission beams are different.
  • the gain of the beam of the first indication information in the embodiments of the present application may refer to the gain of the antenna itself that sends the first indication information, or the gain of the beam after the antenna that sends the first indication information is beam-formed.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the frame (for example, the first frame) where the first indication information is located may also carry other information.
  • the other information carried in the first frame includes the identity of the initiating device (such as MAC address, or AID) or an identifier of the network where the initiating device is located (such as SSID, or BSSID).
  • the responding device may determine whether the first frame is from a beam training target device according to the received identity of the initiating device in the first frame. If the first frame is from a beam training target device, measurement may be performed and a report may be fed back or a response frame may be sent. Conversely, no measurement or response is required.
  • the initiating device may use the low-gain beam to send the first indication information and the other information together.
  • each sector scanning frame sent by the initiating device can only perform training in one beam direction.
  • multiple sector scanning frames need to be sent, that is, the MAC address and other content in the sector scanning frames are repeatedly sent multiple times, which is inefficient.
  • the above-mentioned other information such as the MAC address may be transmitted through a low-gain wide beam. Since the coverage angle range of the low-gain beam is large For example, it is the sum of the coverage of multiple transmit beams. Therefore, when the multiple transmit beams are M transmit beams, in the embodiment of the present application, when the M beam direction training is performed, the MAC address and the like described above may be transmitted only once. Information, that is, other information such as MAC address can be transmitted in the direction of M beams, which avoids sending the same information repeatedly on M transmission beams. Therefore, this application can avoid repeated transmission of information, reduce overhead, and improve beam training. effectiveness.
  • the response device determines feedback information according to a reference signal sent by each transmitting beam.
  • the responding device determines feedback information according to the strengths of multiple reference signals sent by multiple transmit beams. For example, the responding device determines the feedback information according to the reference signal with the highest received strength among the multiple reference signals, and determines the strength of the reference signal.
  • the transmission beam corresponding to the largest reference signal is the optimal transmission beam.
  • the feedback information may be displayed to indicate the optimal transmission beam, for example, the feedback information may carry an identifier of the optimal transmission beam, etc .; optionally, the feedback information may also be implicitly indicated.
  • the optimal transmitting beam for example, when each transmitting beam uniquely corresponds to only one resource, when the responding device feeds back the feedback information on a certain resource, as long as the initiating device receives the feedback information on the certain resource, it can be determined
  • the transmission beam corresponding to the certain resource is the optimal transmission beam.
  • the feedback information may also implicitly indicate the optimal transmission beam.
  • the feedback information may be any form of information, which is not described in the embodiment of the present application. Be limited.
  • the responding device sends the feedback information to the initiating device.
  • the response device sends the feedback information on a resource corresponding to an optimal transmission beam.
  • the feedback information is sent by the responding device through sector scanning feedback, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the initiation device sends feedback information sent by the resource detection and response device corresponding to each transmission beam.
  • each transmission beam uniquely corresponds to only one resource
  • the originating device detects feedback information on a certain resource, it can determine that the transmission beam corresponding to the certain resource is the optimal transmission beam.
  • the initiating device detects feedback information on a certain resource, and the initiating device may determine the optimal transmitting beam according to the identifier of the optimal transmitting beam carried in the feedback information.
  • the feedback information sent by the initiating device at the resource detection response device corresponding to each transmission beam according to the reference signal includes:
  • the initiating device detects, on a resource corresponding to each transmitting beam, feedback information sent by a receiving beam corresponding to each transmitting beam and responding to the device;
  • a receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam may satisfy at least one of the following conditions:
  • a receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam has reciprocity with the one transmitting beam.
  • the receiving beam and the transmitting beam may be considered to have mutual dissimilarity.
  • the pattern of the receiving beam can be the same as the pattern of the transmitting beam (for example, the difference in signal gain at each angle of the direction of the stronger signal is less than a threshold, such as 3dB), then the receiving beam and the transmitting beam can be considered to be mutually different.
  • the receiving beam is wider than the transmitting beam and covers the transmitting beam direction.
  • the half-power lobe width (HPBW) of the receiving beam is greater than the HPBW of the transmitting beam
  • the pointing angle of the receiving beam is the same as the pointing angle of the transmitting beam.
  • the beam gain of the receiving beam is not less than the beam gain of the transmitting beam minus a preset value.
  • a coverage angle range of a reception beam corresponding to one transmission beam includes a coverage angle range of the one transmission beam
  • a coverage angle range of a receiving beam that a transmission beam may correspond to may be larger than a coverage angle range of the one transmitting beam.
  • multiple transmit beams may correspond to the same receive beam, in other words, the coverage angle range of the one receive beam may include the coverage angle range of the multiple transmit beams.
  • the receiving times and / or receiving frequency domains corresponding to the multiple transmit beams are the same.
  • the distance between the antenna of the receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam and the antenna of the one transmitting beam satisfies a preset distance condition.
  • a receiving beam corresponding to a transmitting beam is a receiving beam having a minimum distance between the antenna and the antenna of the transmitting beam or a distance less than a preset distance threshold.
  • the gain of the receiving beam is higher than the gain of the beam transmitting the first indication information.
  • the initiating device sends the first indication information and multiple reference signals.
  • the responding device for example, the STA
  • the STA can obtain multiple transmit beams ( For example, TRN unit).
  • the STA measures the TRN (reference signal) and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the STA detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the STA may subsequently send feedback information to the AP at the resource corresponding to beam 1, for example, the STA sends a response frame (for example, a sector scan response frame). This feedback information is carried.
  • the AP uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect the feedback information sent by the STA on the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can make up for the lack of uplink transmission power of the STA. Furthermore, the AP can receive feedback information sent by the STA, which solves the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art.
  • the STA transmits with 5dBm transmit power and 5dBi beam
  • the AP receives with a 24dBi beam
  • the received signal is -76dBm, which is close to the -75dBm signal received by the STA. It means that when the STA can receive the signal of the AP, and the AP can also receive the uplink signal of the STA. That solves the problem of insufficient uplink coverage.
  • a scheme for receiving feedback information using a receiving beam corresponding to a transmitting beam may exist independently, for example, it is not limited to the scenario of the embodiment of the present application, and for example, it may be applied to an existing scenario.
  • the initiating device sends scanning frames, such as a beacon frame and an SSW frame, in the directions of multiple transmission beams, and then uses the receiving beams corresponding to the multiple transmission beams to detect feedback information sent by the response device.
  • the responding device that sends the feedback information is within the range of the receiving beam angle of the initiator, and the initiator can receive the feedback information. The problem that the response device cannot detect the feedback information outside the receiving angle of the initiator is avoided.
  • the method 500 shown in FIG. 5 includes:
  • the initiator sends a first frame.
  • the first frame includes first indication information and multiple reference signals, where the first indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmission beam in multiple transmission beams of the initiating device, and the resources include time domain resources and And / or frequency domain resources, the multiple reference signals are sent by the initiating device through the multiple transmit beams.
  • the multiple reference signals have a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple transmit beams.
  • the responding device receives the first frame.
  • the initiating device may send the first indication information through a low-gain beam, and send the reference signal through a high-gain beam.
  • FIG. 5 may be regarded as a special case where the first indication information and the reference signal in FIG. 4 are located in the same frame.
  • step 510 may refer to the description of steps 410 and 420 in FIG. 4 above. I won't repeat them here.
  • the response device determines feedback information according to the multiple reference signals.
  • step 520 reference may be made to the description of step 430, and details are not described herein again.
  • the responding device sends the feedback information to the initiating device.
  • the initiating device detects feedback information sent by the responding device on a resource corresponding to each transmission beam.
  • step 530 reference may be made to the description of step 440, and details are not described herein again.
  • the initiating device sends the first frame.
  • the STA can obtain multiple transmission beam (for example, TRN unit) correspondences through the first indication information in the first frame. resource of.
  • the STA measures the TRN (reference signal) and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the STA detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the STA may subsequently send feedback information to the AP at the resource corresponding to beam 1, for example, the STA sends a response frame (for example, a sector scan response frame). This feedback information is carried.
  • the AP uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect the feedback information sent by the STA on the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can make up for the lack of uplink transmission power of the STA. Furthermore, the AP can receive feedback information sent by the STA, which solves the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art.
  • the first indication information may be used to indicate resources corresponding to each transmission beam.
  • the first indication information includes internal information not limited to the information listed above.
  • a specific frame structure format of the first indication information is described below with reference to FIG. 7.
  • the first indication information may include:
  • TRN-T Sending training
  • this field is used to carry a reference signal, which is used for beam training (also known as beamforming training);
  • the P, M, and N fields can indicate how often the reference signal is transmitted in another beam direction. It should be understood that in practical applications, the indication information may include some or all of the information in the three fields of the P field, the M field, and the N field, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the value of the P field is used to indicate the number of TRN subfields sent by the same AWV as the preamble and data fields in a TRN unit, except when the DMG antenna is replaced at the beginning of the TRN field in packet transmission. For example, the value of the P field may be 0 to 3.
  • the value of the M field is used to indicate the number of TRN subfields in a TRN unit.
  • the transmitter in the beginning of these TRN subfields can change the AWV.
  • the M field is a reserved field.
  • the value of the N field is used to indicate the number of consecutive TRN subfields using the same AWV among the M TRN subfields.
  • the beam training mode field when this field is a preset value, instructs the initiating device to adopt a specific mode to receive feedback information sent by the responding device, and the specific receiving direction corresponds to the sending direction of the TRN unit (reference signal).
  • the beam training mode field may exist.
  • the first indication information may not carry this field.
  • the number of allocation field indicates the number of resources.
  • the number of allocations is equal to the number of transmission beams.
  • the number of allocations The number is less than the number of transmitting beams.
  • Multiple allocation fields for example, include allocation 1 field, allocation 2 field, etc., where each allocation field represents information of one resource.
  • the first indication information may further carry a field of frequency domain allocation indication information of the TRN-T signal.
  • the first indication information includes one or more of the following fields:
  • TRN contains one or more TRN subfields.
  • the sender of the TRN generates a transmission signal in each TRN subfield according to the TRN sequence specified by one or more protocols.
  • the TRN subfield sequence length field indicates the length used for the TRN subfield sequence, such as 128, 256, or 64.
  • the TRN spatial stream number field is used to indicate the number of TRN spatial streams, that is, the number of TRN subfield sequences sent in parallel.
  • FIG. 7 only illustrates a frame structure form of the first indication information. In actual applications, corresponding deformation may be performed, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the first indication information indicates a receiving period corresponding to each transmission beam as an example.
  • each allocation field may have multiple forms, for example, may include time slot information, the number of time slots, and the like.
  • frequency domain information may also be included.
  • the time periods and frequency domain ranges corresponding to different two allocation fields may be different or partially the same, for example, the time periods are the same but the frequency domain ranges Different; or different time periods, the same frequency domain range.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example in which an allocation field includes time domain information. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the allocation field includes:
  • Directions fields for example, training bitmap (TRN direction bitmap), antenna weighting vector (AWV) identification ID, indicating sector information corresponding to the current allocation period, for example, bitmap )
  • TRN direction bitmap training bitmap
  • ADV antenna weighting vector identification ID
  • sector information corresponding to the current allocation period for example, bitmap
  • the initiator sends four TRNs, the bitmap corresponding to this direction field is 1100, and the two transmit beams correspond to the two directions used by the AP to receive feedback information.
  • Start time field indicates the start time of the allocation period. It should be understood that when the AP provides the scan frame number in the form of a countdown number in the scan frame, and immediately after the end of multiple scan frames, it is the first TRN corresponding reception interval, the start time may not be included in the allocation field. Field.
  • TXSS subslot number indicates the number of TXSS subslots in a slot, that is, the number of STA sending sector scan frames.
  • Slot number indicates the number of slots.
  • ACK subslot number There are several ACK subslots in an ACK slot, the number of which is the number of frames that the AP uses to reply to the "STA Sector Scan" frame.
  • allocation field in FIG. 7 only needs to include at least two of a start time, a duration time, and an end time, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the time domain resource may specifically include multiple slots. As shown in FIG. 8, there are 3 time slots and one confirmation time. Slot (ack slot), optionally, one slot may include multiple TXSS sub-slot numbers, for example, as shown in FIG. 8 including three. One acknowledgement slot may include multiple acknowledgement sub-slot numbers, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, it includes three.
  • the start time of the first allocation field and the time occupied by the first k-1 allocation fields can be accumulated. To calculate. Then, the start time field may not be included in the i-th allocation field (i is greater than 1), and only the start time is included in the first allocation field or the start time field is included in a field before the first allocation field.
  • the responding device sends feedback information on the resource corresponding to the optimal transmission beam.
  • the responding device STA may measure the signal strength or signal quality according to the TRN, or estimate Channel, or other implementation criteria, select the sector that it considers optimal. Then select the corresponding receiving time period to send the feedback information.
  • the resources corresponding to the optimal transmission beam are shown in FIG. 8,
  • a responding device such as a STA may send feedback information in a slot as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the initiating device detects the feedback information on the corresponding time slot.
  • the STA may select one sub-slot shown in FIG. 8 to send feedback information.
  • a plurality of sub-slots may also be selected to send one or more feedback information, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the manner in which the AP receives the feedback information from the STA in the scheduled time period can be divided into time slots, that is, the receiving direction of the receiving beam of an initiator device corresponds to multiple scheduled time slots.
  • the allocation periods 1 to 4 all use the receiving direction 1 to receive feedback information.
  • the allocation period may represent a time slot or a time domain resource corresponding to a transmit beam.
  • the receiving direction of the receiving beam of an initiating device corresponds to an agreed allocation period.
  • the allocation periods 1 to 4 receive the feedback information using the receiving direction 1 to the receiving direction 4, respectively.
  • multiple receiving directions correspond to one scheduled receiving slot.
  • allocation period 1 corresponds to receiving directions 1 and 2)
  • allocation period 2 corresponds to receiving directions 3 and 4)
  • multiple receiving directions correspond to multiple scheduled receiving time slots.
  • allocation period 1 corresponds to receiving direction 1
  • allocation period 2 corresponds to receiving direction 1
  • allocation period 3 corresponds to receiving direction 1
  • allocation period 4 corresponds to receiving direction 1.
  • the AP may be in a receiving state on a resource corresponding to a transmitting beam.
  • the AP may be mainly in a receiving state on a resource corresponding to a transmission beam, and may also be in a state of sending back an ACK to the STA.
  • Is in the receiving state and it is in the state of feedback ACK in the acknowledgement slot (ack slot).
  • the foregoing describes the process of beamforming training by an initiating device and a responding device with reference to FIG. 6.
  • the initiating device may perform beamforming training with multiple responding devices simultaneously.
  • An example having two response devices is described below with reference to FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the initiating device is an AP, and the responding devices are STA1 and STA2.
  • the AP sends first instruction information through a low-gain beam, and the first instruction information indicates that two transmit beams, that is, transmit beam 1 and transmit beam 2 correspond to each other.
  • transmit beam 1 and transmit beam 2 send reference signal 1 and reference signal 2 respectively.
  • Each reference signal corresponds to a training (TRN) unit in FIG. 9.
  • TRN training
  • Each TRN unit sends in a beam direction.
  • the beams 1 and 2 used by the TRN unit for transmission are high beam gains, and the gain can be higher than The beam gain of the transmission beam 0 used for transmitting the first indication information. It is assumed that the coverage angle range of the transmission beam 0 is a coverage angle range including the beam 1 and the beam 2.
  • first indication information and the reference signal 1 and the reference signal 2 may belong to the same frame or different frames.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the first indication information and the reference signal 1 and the reference signal 2 belong to the same frame (for example, it is the case of SSW frame), but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the initiating device first sends the first indication information through a low-gain beam, for example, beam 0.
  • the initiating device may also send the above-mentioned other information through the low-gain beam; then, the initiating device The device sends the reference signal 1 and the reference signal 2 at different angles through the beam 1 and the beam 2. It is assumed that STA1 is located in the range covered by beam 1, and STA2 is located in the range covered by beam 2. Because the coverage angle range of beam 0 is the coverage angle range including beam 1 and beam 2. Therefore, both STA1 and STA2 can receive the first indication information, and determine the time domain resources corresponding to the beam 1 and the beam 2 according to the first indication information.
  • STA1 Because STA1 is located within the coverage angle of beam 1, the intensity of reference signal 1 received by STA1 is greater than the intensity of other reference signals. Therefore, the STA1 can generate feedback information and send the feedback on the time domain resource corresponding to beam 1. information. Because STA2 is located within the coverage angle of beam 2, the strength of reference signal 2 received by STA2 is greater than the strength of other reference signals. Therefore, this STA2 can generate feedback information and send the feedback on the time domain resource corresponding to beam 2. information.
  • the initiating device detects the feedback information sent by STA1 and the feedback information sent by STA2 on the time domain resources corresponding to beam 1 and beam 2, respectively, and performs the initiating device to determine that the optimal transmission beam corresponding to STA1 is beam 1 and that of STA2 The optimal transmission beam is beam 2.
  • the initiator can send multiple instructions.
  • the initiator can send multiple instructions through multiple frames.
  • SSW frames send multiple indication information, where the content of each indication information is similar to the first indication information above, each frame can correspond to a set of transmission beams, and the coverage angle range of the transmission beam of each frame includes the corresponding The transmit beam set covers the entire angular range.
  • each frame may further include multiple reference signals corresponding to the indication information in the frame.
  • the method in this embodiment of the present application may further include:
  • the initiating device sends second instruction information, where the second instruction information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmit beam in a second transmit beam group, where the second transmit beam group includes multiple transmit beams, where the first information The indicated multiple transmission beams belong to the first transmission beam group, and the transmission beams in the first transmission beam group and the second transmission beam group are different;
  • the initiating device sends a reference signal through each transmitting beam in the second transmitting beam group;
  • the initiating device detects feedback information sent by a response device in a receiving period corresponding to each transmitting beam in the second transmitting beam group.
  • the feedback information is used to indicate an optimal transmission beam in the second transmission beam group.
  • the first indication information may be sent through one low-gain beam
  • the second indication information may be sent through another low-gain beam.
  • the coverage angle range of the one low-gain beam may include the entire coverage angle range of the first transmission beam group; the coverage angle range of the other low-gain beam may include the entire coverage angle range of the second transmission beam group.
  • the second indication information may be located in the second frame with multiple reference signals sent by the second transmission beam group, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the first indication information may indicate resources corresponding to the transmission beams in the first transmission beam group (referred to as the first group of resources for short), and similarly, the second indication information may indicate transmissions in the second transmission beam group.
  • the resource corresponding to the beam (referred to as the second group of resources).
  • a time when the initiator sends a reference signal through each transmission beam in the second transmission beam group is a time before the first group of resources. That is, in order of time, the initiator sends the first indication information and then transmits the reference signal through the first transmit beam group, then corresponds to the time of the first group of resources, and then transmits the second indication information, and then passes The second transmit beam group transmits a reference signal, and finally the time of the second group of resources.
  • the first transmission beam group includes beam 1 and beam 2 and the second transmission beam group includes beam 3 and beam 4, beams 1 to 4 correspond to the periods 1 to 4, respectively, assuming that STA1 is located in the beam 1 coverage angle range, STA2 is located in beam 2 coverage angle range, STA3 is located in beam 3 coverage angle range, then STA1 sends feedback information in period 1, then STA2 sends feedback information in period 2, and STA3 sends feedback information in period 3 .
  • the time when the initiating device sends the second indication information is a time after the first group of resources.
  • the initiator sends the first indication information and then transmits the reference signal through the first transmit beam group, then transmits the second indication information, and then transmits the reference signal through the second transmit beam group.
  • the time of the first group of resources corresponds to the time of the first group of resources, and finally the time of the second group of resources.
  • the first transmit beam group includes beam 1 and beam 2 and the second transmit beam group includes beam 3 and beam 4.
  • the beams 1 to 4 correspond to the reception periods 1 to 4, respectively, assuming that STA1 is located at Beam 1 covers the angle range, STA2 is located in the beam 2 coverage angle range, and STA3 is located in the beam 3 coverage angle range. Then STA1 sends feedback information during period 1, STA2 sends feedback information during period 2, and STA3 sends feedback during period 3. information.
  • the initiator device such as the AP sends a series of sector scan frames
  • it provides a series of time domain intervals.
  • a sector scanning frame and a time domain interval provided by an initiating device such as an AP are intertwined in a time dimension.
  • the previous article introduced an example in which the originating device sends only one SSW frame at the same time in the time domain dimension.
  • the originating device has multiple RFs
  • the AP can use multiple antennas to point Multiple TRN units are transmitted in multiple beam directions in parallel.
  • the initiating device includes a first radio frequency channel and a second radio frequency channel, and sends a first frame carrying a first indication information and a second frame carrying a second indication information.
  • first indication information and the second indication information For the definition of the first indication information and the second indication information, reference may be made to the description above, and details are not described herein again.
  • the initiating device may send the first indication information and the second indication information through the first radio frequency channel and the second radio frequency channel at the same time;
  • the initiating device sends a reference signal through each of the first transmission beam groups through the first radio frequency channel and the second radio frequency channel and transmits through each transmission in the second transmission beam group.
  • Beam transmitting reference signal
  • the correlation between the reference signal sequence in the transmission beam in the first transmission beam group and the reference signal sequence in the transmission beam in the second transmission beam group is lower than a preset correlation threshold or Orthogonal to each other.
  • the correlation between the two reference signal sequences is lower than a preset correlation threshold, which may indicate that the two reference signal sequences have low correlation or low displacement correlation.
  • the receiving beam initiating device corresponding to multiple TRN beams may use overlapping receiving periods to receive the feedback information.
  • the reception periods corresponding to the two transmit beams completely overlap.
  • the reception periods corresponding to the two transmit beams partially overlap.
  • the foregoing describes the case where there are several RFs and several frames are transmitted with reference to FIG. 12 to FIG. 14.
  • the MAC address and other contents in the frames may be the same.
  • the initiator device has multiple RFs, in order to avoid repeated transmission of information such as a MAC address, only one frame may be transmitted, and the frame carries an indication information, and all transmission beams correspond to the same MAC address content. Reference signals are then transmitted simultaneously through each RF.
  • FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 may be transformed into a case where only one indication information is sent, and the one indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmission beam in the multiple transmission beams.
  • the initiating device sends a reference signal through at least two transmit beams at the same time, wherein a reference signal sequence in any two of the at least two transmit beams has low correlation and low shift correlation. Sex or orthogonal to each other.
  • the plurality of transmission beams includes a plurality of transmission beam sets corresponding to a plurality of radio frequency channels (RFs), wherein each transmission beam set includes at least one transmission beam and belongs to two of different transmission beam sets.
  • the receiving periods corresponding to the two transmitting beams do not overlap with each other, partially overlap, or completely overlap.
  • the sending of the reference signal by each initiating device includes: using the multiple radio frequency channels to transmit the reference signal through each transmitting beam in the multiple transmitting beam set, wherein two different transmitting signals
  • the reference signal sequences in the transmit beams in the beam set have low correlation, low shift correlation, or are mutually orthogonal.
  • the scheme of sending reference signals through multiple RFs at the same time and detecting the feedback information of the initiator is similar to the scheme described in Figures 12 to 14 above. To avoid repetition, the scheme is not repeated here. To repeat.
  • an initiating device such as an AP provides a receiving interval with a high beam gain, so as to expand an uplink receiving range.
  • the AP can make up for the shortage of the STA's uplink transmit power by using a higher beamforming gain. Solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not deal with the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 1500 may include:
  • the processing unit 1510 and the transceiver unit 1520 are The processing unit 1510 and the transceiver unit 1520.
  • the processing unit is configured to control the transceiver unit to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmission beam in multiple transmission beams, and the resource includes a time Domain resource and / or frequency domain resource; sending a reference signal through each transmission beam; detecting feedback information sent by a response device on the resource corresponding to each transmission beam, the feedback information is the response device according to the each The reference signal sent by the transmit beam is determined.
  • the processing unit is configured to control the transceiver unit to send a first frame, where the first frame includes first indication information and multiple reference signals, and the first indication information is used for Indicating resources corresponding to respective transmission beams in multiple transmission beams of the initiating device, the resources including time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources, and the multiple reference signals are sent through the multiple transmission beams; in the Feedback information sent by a response device is detected on a resource corresponding to each transmit beam, and the feedback information is determined by the response device according to the multiple reference signals.
  • the initiating device sends the first instruction information and multiple reference signals.
  • the responding device receives the first instruction information, it can obtain the resources corresponding to the multiple transmit beams through the first instruction information.
  • the responding device measures the reference signal and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the responding device detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the responding device may send feedback information to the originating device at the resource corresponding to beam 1.
  • the initiating device uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect feedback information sent by the responding device in the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can make up for the lack of uplink transmitting power of the responding device, and the initiating device can receive the feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art, thereby improving the performance of BFT.
  • the transceiver unit is specifically configured to use feedback information sent by a receiving beam detection response device corresponding to each transmitting beam on a resource corresponding to each transmitting beam;
  • the receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam meets at least one of the following conditions:
  • a receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam and the one transmitting beam have reciprocity
  • a coverage angle range of a reception beam corresponding to one transmission beam includes a coverage angle range of the one transmission beam
  • the distance between the antenna of the receiving beam corresponding to one transmitting beam and the antenna of the one transmitting beam satisfies a preset distance condition.
  • the gain of the receiving beam is higher than the gain of the beam transmitting the first indication information.
  • the gain of the transmitting beam is higher than the gain of the beam transmitting the first indication information.
  • the feedback information is used to indicate an optimal transmission beam among the multiple transmission beams.
  • the first indication information includes at least one of the following information:
  • the first frame is a sector scan frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the first indication information is carried in a sector scan frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the transceiver unit is specifically configured to send a reference signal through at least two transmit beams at the same time, where the reference signal sequence in any two of the at least two transmit beams has low correlation and low shift.
  • Bit correlation may be orthogonal to each other.
  • the device 1500 here is embodied in the form of a functional unit.
  • the term "unit” herein may refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (such as a shared processor, a proprietary processor, or a group of processors) for executing one or more software or firmware programs. Processors, etc.) and memory, merge logic, and / or other suitable components that support the functions described.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • processor such as a shared processor, a proprietary processor, or a group of processors
  • memory merge logic, and / or other suitable components that support the functions described.
  • the apparatus 1500 provided in this application corresponds to the process performed by the initiating device in the method embodiment in FIG. 4 or 5 above, and the functions of each unit / module in the apparatus can be referred to above. The description is not repeated here.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 15 may be an initiator device, or may be a chip or an integrated circuit installed in the initiator device.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an initiating device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 16, the initiating device 1600 may be applied to the system shown in FIG. 1, and executes the functions of the initiating device in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the initiator device 1600 may include a processor 1610 and a transceiver 1620, and the processor 1610 is connected to the transceiver 1620.
  • the initiator device 1600 further includes a memory 1630, and the memory 1630 is connected to the processor 1610.
  • the initiating device 1600 may further include a bus system 1640.
  • the processor 1610, the memory 1630, and the transceiver 1620 may be connected through a bus system 1640.
  • the memory 1630 may be used to store instructions.
  • the processor 1610 may correspond to the processing unit 1510.
  • the transceiver 1620 may correspond to the transceiver unit 1520.
  • the process 1610 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 1630 to control the transceiver 1620 to transmit and receive information or signals.
  • the processor 1610 may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor 1610 may also be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or an application-specific integrated circuit. (ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory 1630 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor 1610. A part of the memory 1630 may further include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 1630 may also store device type information.
  • the bus system 1640 may include a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to a data bus. However, for the sake of clarity, various buses are marked as the bus system 1640 in the figure.
  • each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1610 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly performed by a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • a software module may be located in a mature storage medium such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 1630, and the processor 1610 reads the information in the memory 1630 and completes the steps of the foregoing method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the initiating device 1600 shown in FIG. 16 can implement various processes related to the initiating device in the method embodiments in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5.
  • the operations and / or functions of each module in the initiating device 1600 are respectively to implement the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 1700 may include:
  • the processing unit 1710 and the transceiver unit 1720 are The processing unit 1710 and the transceiver unit 1720.
  • the transceiver unit is configured to receive first indication information sent by the initiating device, where the first indication information is used to indicate a resource corresponding to each transmission beam among multiple transmission beams of the initiating device,
  • the resources include time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources; receiving reference signals sent by the initiating device through the respective transmission beams; a processing unit configured to determine feedback information according to the reference signals sent by the respective transmission beams; the transceiver The unit is further configured to send the feedback information to the initiating device.
  • the transceiver unit is configured to receive a first frame sent by an initiating device, where the first frame includes first indication information and multiple reference signals, and the first indication information is used to instruct the initiation A resource corresponding to each transmission beam in the multiple transmission beams of the device, the resources including time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources, and the multiple reference signals are sent by the initiating device through the multiple transmission beams; processing A unit configured to determine feedback information according to the multiple reference signals; the transceiver unit is further configured to send the feedback information to the initiating device.
  • the initiating device sends the first instruction information and multiple reference signals.
  • the responding device receives the first instruction information, it can obtain the resources corresponding to the multiple transmit beams through the first instruction information.
  • the responding device measures the reference signal and selects the resource corresponding to the beam with the strongest reference signal for information feedback. For example, when the responding device detects that the reference signal sent by beam 1 is stronger, the responding device may send feedback information to the originating device at the resource corresponding to beam 1.
  • the initiating device uses a high-gain receiving beam to detect feedback information sent by the responding device in the resource corresponding to beam 1, it can make up for the lack of uplink transmitting power of the responding device, and the initiating device can receive the feedback information sent by the responding device. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of insufficient uplink coverage in the prior art, thereby improving the performance of BFT.
  • the feedback information is used to indicate an optimal transmission beam among the multiple transmission beams.
  • the transceiver unit is specifically configured to use the resources corresponding to the optimal transmission beam to send the feedback information to the initiating device.
  • a gain of a receiving beam of the initiating device receiving the feedback information is higher than a gain of a beam transmitting the first indication information.
  • the gain of the transmitting beam is higher than the gain of the beam transmitting the first indication information.
  • the first indication information includes at least one of the following information:
  • the first frame is a sector scan frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the first indication information is carried in a sector scan frame, a beacon frame, or a directional multi-gigabit DMG beacon frame.
  • the transceiver unit is specifically configured to receive a reference signal sent by the initiating device through at least two transmit beams simultaneously, wherein a reference signal sequence in any two of the at least two transmit beams has Low correlation, low shift correlation, or mutually orthogonal.
  • the device 1700 here is embodied in the form of a functional unit.
  • the term "unit” herein may refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (such as a shared processor, a proprietary processor, or a group of processors) for executing one or more software or firmware programs. Processors, etc.) and memory, merge logic, and / or other suitable components that support the functions described.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • processor such as a shared processor, a proprietary processor, or a group of processors
  • memory merge logic, and / or other suitable components that support the functions described.
  • the device 1700 provided in this application corresponds to the process performed by the response device in the method embodiment of FIG. 4 or 5 above, and the functions of each unit / module in the device can refer to the above The description is not repeated here.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 17 may be a response device, or a chip or an integrated circuit installed in the response device.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a response device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 18, the response device 1800 may be applied to the system shown in FIG. 1 to perform the functions of the response device in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the response device 1800 may include a processor 1810 and a transceiver 1820, and the processor 1810 is connected to the transceiver 1820.
  • the initiator device 1800 further includes a memory 1830, and the memory 1830 is connected to the processor 1810.
  • the initiating device 1800 may further include a bus system 1840.
  • the processor 1810, the memory 1830, and the transceiver 1820 may be connected through a bus system 1840.
  • the memory 1830 may be used to store instructions.
  • the processor 1810 may correspond to the processing unit 1710.
  • the transceiver 1820 may correspond to the transceiver unit 1720.
  • the process 1810 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 1830 to control the transceiver 1820 to transmit and receive information or signals.
  • the processor 1810 may be a central processing unit, and the processor 1810 may also be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and an off-the-shelf programmable device.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA Gate Array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory 1830 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor 1810. A part of the memory 1830 may further include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 1830 may also store information of a device type.
  • the bus system 1840 may include a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to a data bus. However, for the sake of clarity, various buses are marked as the bus system 1840 in the figure.
  • each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1810 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embodied as completed by a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • a software module may be located in a mature storage medium such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 1830, and the processor 1810 reads the information in the memory 1830 and completes the steps of the foregoing method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the initiating device 1800 shown in FIG. 18 can implement various processes related to the responding device in the method embodiments in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5.
  • the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments are respectively implemented.
  • the description in the foregoing method embodiments To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are appropriately omitted here.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a processing apparatus including a processor and an interface; the processor is configured to execute a communication method in any one of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the processing device may be a chip.
  • the processing device may be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a system-on-chip (SoC). It can be a central processor (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a microcontroller (micro controller) Unit (MCU), can also be programmable controller (programmable logic device, PLD) or other integrated chips.
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • CPU central processor
  • NP network processor
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • MCU microcontroller
  • PLD programmable controller
  • each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • a software module may be located in a mature storage medium such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present invention may be an integrated circuit chip and has a signal processing capability.
  • each step of the foregoing method embodiment may be completed by using an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the above processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA), or other Programming logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA off-the-shelf programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • a software module may be located in a mature storage medium such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the memory in the embodiment of the present invention may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or Erase programmable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • double SDRAM double SDRAM
  • DDR SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • enhanced SDRAM enhanced SDRAM
  • SLDRAM synchronous connection dynamic random access memory
  • direct RAMbus RAM direct RAMbus RAM
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system including the foregoing initiating device and responding device.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon.
  • the computer program is executed by a computer, the method for implementing beamforming training in any of the foregoing method embodiments is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, and the computer program product, when executed by a computer, implements a method of beamforming training in any of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be from a website site, a computer, a server, or a data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, a data center, or the like that includes one or more available medium integration.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a high-density digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (solid state disk), SSD)) and so on.
  • the network device in each of the foregoing device embodiments corresponds exactly to the network device or terminal device in the terminal device and method embodiments, and the corresponding module or unit performs the corresponding steps, for example, the sending module (transmitter) method performs the sending in the method embodiment.
  • the receiving module executes the steps received in the method embodiment, and other steps except sending and receiving can be executed by the processing module (processor).
  • the sending module and the receiving module may form a transceiver module, and the transmitter and the receiver may form a transceiver to jointly realize the transmitting and receiving function; the processor may be one or more.
  • At least one means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
  • “And / or” describes the association relationship of related objects, and indicates that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and / or B can indicate: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B alone exists, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the related objects are an "or” relationship.
  • “At least one or more of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (a), a, b, or c can be expressed as: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple .
  • an embodiment or “an embodiment” mentioned throughout the specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of "in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” appearing throughout the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment.
  • the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that, in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not deal with the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer.
  • an application running on a computing device and a computing device can be components.
  • One or more components can reside within a process and / or thread of execution, and a component can be localized on one computer and / or distributed between 2 or more computers.
  • these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • a component may, for example, be based on a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components that interact with another component between a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network, such as the Internet that interacts with other systems through signals) Communicate via local and / or remote processes.
  • data packets e.g., data from two components that interact with another component between a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network, such as the Internet that interacts with other systems through signals
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which may be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objective of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions (programs).
  • programs When the computer program instructions (programs) are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are wholly or partially generated.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be from a website site, a computer, a server, or a data center. Transmission via wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) to another website site, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, a data center, or the like that includes one or more available medium integration.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (SSD)).

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Abstract

本申请提供了波束赋形训练的方法和装置，该方法包括发起设备发送第一指示信息，该第一指示信息用于指示发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，该资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；发起设备通过该各个发射波束发送参考信号；发起设备在该各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，该反馈信息是该响应设备根据该各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定的。本申请实施例中，当发起设备采用了高增益的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息的情况下，可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高波束赋形训练（BFT）的性能。

Description

波束赋形训练的方法和装置
本申请要求于2018年06月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810671028.6、申请名称为“波束赋形训练的方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种波束赋形训练的方法和装置。
背景技术
在高频(例如，60GHz)通信中，特别是毫米波频段，发射信号的衰减远远大于在较低频率的情况。为了抵抗较高的信号衰减，在高频通信中，主要使用定向天线下的波束赋形(beamforming,BF)来提高天线的增益。与传统的全向天线不同，定向天线能将发射的电磁波能量集中在某个较窄的方向角上，而接收天线也能将自己的接收方向对向某个较窄的方向角上，这样便可以提高发射天线和接收天线的增益，能够有效地抗路径损耗。但数据的发射方和接收方需要经过一系列的步骤才能将两者的最佳发射波束和最佳接收波束的方向匹配在一起，以获得最大的增益，这个过程称为波束赋形训练(beamforming training,BFT)。这一过程由收发双方发送双向的扇区扫描帧(sector sweep frames)来实现。
然而，在BFT过程中，当收发双方的训练能力和/或发送功率不同时，会导致上下行覆盖不对称，例如，发送功率大的一方发送信号能够被对端接收到，而发送功率小的一方发送的信号不能被对端接收到，影响了BFT的性能。
因此，如何提高BFT的性能，成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种波束赋形训练的方法和装置，该方法能够提高BFT的性能。
第一方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的方法，该方法包括：
发起设备发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；
所述发起设备通过所述各个发射波束发送参考信号；
所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定的。
具体而言，本申请实施例中，发起设备发送第一指示信息和多个参考信号，当响应设备接收到第一指示信息时，能够通过第一指示信息获得多个发射波束对应的资源。响应设备通过测量参考信号，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当响应设备测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，响应设备可在波束1对应的资源向发起设备发送反馈信息。当发起设备在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测响应设备发送 的反馈信息的情况下，可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
第二方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的方法，该方法包括：
发起设备发送第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是所述发起设备通过所述多个发射波束发送的；
所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述发起设备发送的所述多个参考信号确定的。
具体而言，本申请实施例中，发起设备发送第一帧，当响应设备接收到第一帧时，能够通过第一指示信息获得多个发射波束对应的资源。响应设备通过测量参考信号，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当响应设备测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，响应设备可在波束1对应的资源向发起设备发送反馈信息。当发起设备在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息的情况下，可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
应理解，本申请实施例中多个参考信号可以表述成至少一个参考信号，例如该至少一个参考信号可以包括一个参考信号、两个参考信号或者更多个参考信号，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例中参考信号的个数可以与发射波束的个数对应，一个发射波束可以用于发射一个参考信号。本申请实施例多个发射波束也可以表述成至少一个发射波束，该至少一个发射波束可以包括一个发射波束、两个发射波束或者更多个发射波束，本申请实施例并不限于此。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，
所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，包括：
所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上使用与所述各个发射波束对应的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息；
其中，一个发射波束对应的接收波束满足以下条件中的至少一种：
条件一：
一个发射波束对应的接收波束与所述一个发射波束具有互易性。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，接收波束的方向图可以和发射波束的方向图相同时，即可认为接收波束与发射波束具有互异性。
或接收波束的方向图可以和发射波束的方向图相同相近(例如在较强信号方向的各角度上的信号增益差异小于一门限，如3dB)，即可认为接收波束与发射波束具有互异性。
或接收波束宽于发射波束，且覆盖发射波束方向，例如，接收波束的半功率波瓣宽度(HPBW)大于发射波束的HPBW，接收波束的指向角与发射波束的指向角相同。更进一步可限定接收波束的波束增益不小于发射波束的波束增益减预设值
条件二：
一个发射波束对应的接收波束的覆盖角度范围包括所述一个发射波束的覆盖角度范围；
具体而言，一个发射波束可以对应的接收波束的覆盖角度范围可以大于该一个发射波束的覆盖角度范围。
可选地，多个发射波束可以对应同一个接收波束，换句话说该一个接收波束覆盖角度范围可以包括该多个发射波束的覆盖角度范围。可选地，该多个发射波束对应的接收时间和/或接收频域是相同的。
条件三：
一个发射波束对应的接收波束的天线与所述一个发射波束的天线之间的距离满足预设距离条件。
例如，一个发射波束对应的接收波束为其天线与该发射波束的天线间的距离最小或者距离小于预设距离阈值的一个接收波束。
在实际实施中，可由协议约定所述一个发射波束对应的接收波束满足上面条件中的一个或同时满足上面条件中的多个。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
本申请实施例中通过高增益的接收波束可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
本申请实施例中，由于接收波束与发射波束对应，因此，在发射波束增益较高的情况下，接收波束的增益同样会较高，因此，本申请实施李忠通过高增益的接收波束可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述反馈信息用于指示所述多个发射波束中的最优发射波束。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
应理解，本申请实施例中第一指示信息的具体内容并不限于上述列举的信息，只要第一指示信息能够指示各个发射波束对应的资源即可，本领域技术人员根据本申请的描述可以对第一指示信息进行各种变形，这样的修改也在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一帧为扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息承载于扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧中。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发起设备通过各个发射波束发送参考信号，包括：
所述发起设备同时通过至少两个发射波束发送参考信号，其中，所述至少两个发射波束中的任意两个发射波束中的参考信号序列具有低相关性、低移位相关性或者互相正交。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述多个发射波束包括与多个射频通道一一对应的多个发射波束集合，其中，每个发射波束集合包括至少一个发射波束，
属于不同发射波束集合中的两个发射波束对应的接收时段互相不重叠、部分重叠或完全重叠。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述多个发射波束属于第一发射波束组，所述方法还包括：
所述发起设备发送第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示第二发射波束组中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述第二发射波束组包括多个发射波束，其中，第一发射波束组和第二发射波束组中的发射波束各不相同；
所述发起设备通过所述第二发射波束组中的各个发射波束发送参考信号；
所述发起设备在所述第二发射波束组中的各个发射波束对应的接收时段检测应答设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息用于指示所述第二发射波束组中的最优发射波束。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述资源为时域资源；
所述发起设备发送所述第二指示信息的时间位于所述第一发射波束组中的各个发射波束对应的接收时域资源之后的时间；
或者，
所述发起设备通过所述第二发射波束组中的各个发射波束发送参考信号的时间位于所述第一发射波束组中的各个发射波束对应的接收时域资源之前的时间。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发起设备包括第一射频通道和第二射频通道，
所述第一指示信息和所述第二指示信息是所述发起设备分别通过所述第一射频通道和所述第二射频通道同时发送的；
并且，所述第一发射波束组中的参考信号以及所述第二发射波束组中的参考信号，是所述发起设备通过所述第一射频通道和所述第二射频通道同时发送的；
其中，所述第一发射波束组中发射波束中的参考信号序列与所述第二发射波束组中发射波束中的参考信号序列相关性低于预设相关性阈值或者互相正交。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述参考信号为训练信号、或由短训练字段STF和信道估计字段CEF构成的信号、或由STF和长训练字段LTF构成的信号。
第三方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的方法，该方法包括：
响应设备接收发起设备发送的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；
所述响应设备接收所述发起设备通过所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号；
所述响应设备根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定反馈信息；
所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
具体而言，本申请实施例中，发起设备发送第一指示信息和多个参考信号，当响应设备接收到第一指示信息时，能够通过第一指示信息获得多个发射波束对应的资源。响应设 备通过测量参考信号，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当响应设备测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，响应设备可在波束1对应的资源向发起设备发送反馈信息。当发起设备在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息的情况下，可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
第四方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的方法，该方法包括：
响应设备接收发起设备发送的第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是所述发起设备通过所述多个发射波束发送的；
所述响应设备根据所述多个参考信号确定反馈信息；
所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
具体而言，本申请实施例中，发起设备发送第一帧，当响应设备接收到第一帧时，能够通过第一指示信息获得多个发射波束对应的资源。响应设备通过测量参考信号，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当响应设备测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，响应设备可在波束1对应的资源向发起设备发送反馈信息。当发起设备在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息的情况下，可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
应理解，第三方面的方法与第一方法对应，第四方法的方法与第二方面对应，第三方面或第四方面的具体实现方式和有益效果可以参见上文中的描述，此处适当省略详细描述。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述反馈信息用于指示所述多个发射波束中的最优发射波束。
应理解，本申请实施例中，该反馈信息可以显示的指示该最优发射波束，例如该反馈信息可以携带该最优发射波束的标识等；可选地，该反馈信息也可以隐式的指示该最优发射波束，例如，每个发射波束仅唯一对一一个资源时，在响应设备在某一资源上反馈该反馈信息时，只要发起设备在该某一资源上接收到反馈信息，即可确定该某一资源对应的发射波束为最优发射波束，这种情况下，反馈信息也可以隐式的指示该最优发射波束，该反馈信息可以为任意形式的信息，本申请实施例并不对此做限定。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息，包括：
所述响应设备使用所述最优发射波束对应的资源向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发起设备接收所述反馈信息的接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一指示信息包括以下 信息中的至少一种：
所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一帧为扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息承载于扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧中。
结合第三方面或者第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述响应设备接收所述发起设备通过所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号，包括：
所述响应设备接收所述发起设备同时通过至少两个发射波束发送的参考信号，其中，所述至少两个发射波束中的任意两个发射波束中的参考信号序列具有低相关性、低移位相关性或者互相正交。
第五方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的装置，包括用于执行第一方面或第一方面任一种可能实现方式，或者第二方面或第二方面任一种可能实现方式中的方法的各个模块或单元。
在一种实现方式中，该装置为发起设备。
第六方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的装置包括用于执行第三方面或第三方面任一种可能实现方式，或者第四方面或第四方面任一种可能实现方式中方法的各个模块或单元。
在一种实现方式中，该通信装置为响应设备。
第七方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的装置，包括收发器、处理器和存储器。该处理器用于控制收发器收发信号，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该装置执行第一方面及其可能实现方式，或者第二方面或及其可能实现方式中的方法。
在一种实现方式中，该装置为发起设备。
第八方面，提供了一种波束赋形训练的装置，包括收发器、处理器和存储器。该处理器用于控制收发器收发信号，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该通信装置执行第三方面及其可能实现方式，或者第四方面或及其可能实现方式中的方法。
在一种实现方式中，该通信装置为响应设备。
应理解，上述发起设备可以为AP/PCP，响应设备可以为STA；或者，响应设备可以为AP/PCP，发起设备可以为STA。
第九方面，提供了一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被计算机执行时实现第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式，或者第二方面或第二方面任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
第十方面，提供了一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被计算机执行时实现第三方面或第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式，或者第四方面或第四方面任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
第十一方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品被计算机执行时实现第 一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式，或者第二方面或第二方面任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
第十二方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品被计算机执行时实现第三方面或第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式或者第四方面或第四方面任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
第十三方面，提供了一种处理装置，包括处理器和接口；
该处理器，用于作为上述第一方面至第四方面、第一方面至第四方面的任一可能的实现方式中的方法的执行主体来执行这些方法，其中相关的数据交互过程(例如进行或者接收数据传输)是通过上述接口来完成的。在具体实现过程中，上述接口可以进一步通过收发器来完成上述数据交互过程。
应理解，上述十三方面中的处理装置可以是一个芯片，该处理器可以通过硬件来实现也可以通过软件来实现，当通过硬件实现时，该处理器可以是逻辑电路、集成电路等；当通过软件来实现时，该处理器可以是一个通用处理器，通过读取存储器中存储的软件代码来实现，该存储器可以集成在处理器中，可以位于该处理器之外，独立存在。存储器和处理器可以通过有线或者无线的方式通信。
第十四方面，提供了一种系统，包括前述的发起设备和响应设备。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例可应用的场景示意图。
图2是根据本申请一个实施例的相控天线的天线阵的示意图。
图3是根据本申请另一实施例的相控天线的天线阵的示意图。
图4是根据本申请一个实施例的波束赋形训练的方法的示意图。
图5是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练的方法的示意图。
图6是根据本申请一个实施例的波束赋形训练过程示意图。
图7是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练过程示意图。
图8是根据本申请一个实施例的第一指示信息结构示意图。
图9是根据本申请一个实施例的时域资源示意图。
图10是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练过程示意图。
图11是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练过程示意图。
图12是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练过程示意图。
图13是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练过程示意图。
图14是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练过程示意图。
图15是根据本申请一个实施例的装置示意图。
图16是根据本申请一个实施例的发起设备示意图。
图17是根据本申请另一实施例的装置示意图。
图18是根据本申请一个实施例的响应设备示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)系统，可选地，本申请实施例还可以应用于需要进行波束赋形训练的系统中，例如，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunication system，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)通信系统、未来的第五代(5th generation，5G)系统或新无线(new radio，NR)等。
以下仅以WLAN系统为例，描述本申请实施例的应用场景以及本申请实施例的方法。
具体而言，本申请实施例可以应用于无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network，WLAN)，并且本申请实施例可以适用于WLAN当前采用的国际电工电子工程学会(institute of electrical and electronics engineers，IEEE)802.11系列协议中的任意一种协议。WLAN可以包括一个或多个基本服务集(basic service set，BSS)，基本服务集中的网络节点包括接入点(access point，AP)和站点(station，STA)。IEEE 802.11ad在原有的BSS基础上，引入个人基本服务集(personal basic service set，PBSS)和个人基本服务集控制节点(PBSS control point，PCP)。每个个人基本服务集可以包含一个AP/PCP和多个关联于该AP/PCP的站点。
具体地，本申请实施例中发起设备和响应设备可以是WLAN中用户站点(STA)，该用户站点也可以称为系统、用户单元、接入终端、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理、用户装置或用户设备(user equipment，UE)。该STA可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线局域网(例如Wi-Fi)通信功能的手持设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备。
另外，本申请实施例中的发起设备和响应设备也可以是WLAN中AP/PCP，AP/PCP可用于与接入终端通过无线局域网进行通信，并将接入终端的数据传输至网络侧，或将来自网络侧的数据传输至接入终端。
在本申请实施例中，发起设备或响应设备包括硬件层、运行在硬件层之上的操作系统层，以及运行在操作系统层上的应用层。该硬件层包括中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、内存管理单元(memory management unit，MMU)和内存(也称为主存)等硬件。该操作系统可以是任意一种或多种通过进程(process)实现业务处理的计算机操作系统，例如，Linux操作系统、Unix操作系统、Android操作系统、iOS操作系统或windows操作系统等。该应用层包含浏览器、通讯录、文字处理软件、即时通信软件等应用。并且，本申请实施例并未对本申请实施例提供的方法的执行主体的具体结构特别限定，只要能够通过运行记录有本申请实施例的提供的方法的代码的程序，以根据本申请实施例提供的方法进行通信即可，例如，本申请实施例提供的方法的执行主体可以是发起设备或响应设备，或者，是发起设备或响应设备中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块。
另外，本申请的各个方面或特征可以实现成方法、装置或使用标准编程和/或工程技术的制品。本申请中使用的术语“制品”涵盖可从任何计算机可读器件、载体或介质访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读介质可以包括，但不限于:磁存储器件(例如，硬盘、 软盘或磁带等)，光盘(例如，压缩盘(compact disc，CD)、数字通用盘(digital versatile disc，DVD)等)，智能卡和闪存器件(例如，可擦写可编程只读存储器(erasable programmable read-only memory，EPROM)、卡、棒或钥匙驱动器等)。另外，本文描述的各种存储介质可代表用于存储信息的一个或多个设备和/或其它机器可读介质。术语“机器可读介质”可包括但不限于，无线信道和能够存储、包含和/或承载指令和/或数据的各种其它介质。
图1示出了根据本申请实施例的应用场景的示意图。如图1所示的场景系统可以是WLAN系统，图1的WLAN系统可以包括一个或者多个AP/PCP和一个或者多个STA，图1以一个AP/PCP和三个STA为例。AP/PCP和STA之间可以通过各种标准进行无线通信。其中，AP/PCP和STA之间可以采用单用户多入多出(single-user multiple-input multiple-output，SU-MIMO)技术或多用户多入多出(multi-users multiple-input multiple-output，MU-MIMO)技术进行无线通信。
在本申请实施例中，每个站点(STA)配备一个或多个天线。每个AP/PCP支持多站点并行上行传输。具体地，站点或AP/PCP包含可调波束的天线、对应天线的射频通道(radio frequency，RF)、信号处理模块和协议模块等。
天线和射频通道间可为规定连接，也可为可切换(switchable)的连接。射频通道将与信号处理模块连接，进行数字到模拟或模拟到数字的转换，并进行收发信号处理。信号处理模块可生成供测量的参考信号，并接收参考信号，估计信号强度，或估计信道质量，或估计信道系数。信号处理模块还与本地的时钟源连接，以便将信号调制到目标频段或解调。本地的时钟源还可为何时发送指定协议数据单元(presentation protocol data unit，PPDU)提供时间参考。信号处理模块可在指定时间触发指定PPDU的发送。信号处理模块还与协议模块连接，进行包的封包和解包，及执行协议约定的包收发序列，包括发送训练帧，接收训练帧，回复响应帧等。信号处理模块或协议模块还可指示天线在发送或接收中所使用的波束。
可选地，本申请实施例中的站点或AP/PCP还可以包括外部接口模块，本申请实施例并不限于此。
首先，为了使得本申请实施例的方法更容易理解，下面对本申请实施例中涉及的一些概念说明如下。
本申请实施例中波束可以是宽波束、窄波束或者其他类型波束。本申请中，形成波束的技术可以是波束成形技术或者其他技术手段。例如，波束成形技术具体可以为数字波束成形技术、模拟波束成形技术或者混合数字/模拟波束成形技术。
波束成形是一种由通信双方或多方为后续的通信过程实现必要传输链路预算的方法。即通过将发送或和接收信号集中到指向接收机或发射机的波束方向上来增强信号，使通信信号质量改善。波束成形训练是一种双向的波束成形帧传输序列流程，通过波束扫描并提供必要信令，来使AP/STA决定用于发送和接收的合适的天线系统设置。
天线(或方向多吉比特(directional multi-gigabit，DMG)天线)，通常是一个由相控阵构成的单个基本天线。或由一系列可切换波束天线构成的集合体，整体可构成一个伪全向的方向图。无论是用哪种实现方式，均可以动态配置为伪全向的方向图来进行发送或接收，还可以动态配置为对特定扇区或波束方向来进行发送或接收。
射频通道(radio frequency，RF)，一个可用于接收链和或发送链的物理实体。通常 由模数转换器(ADC)或数模转换器(DAC)连接到天线。用于进行上下变频、滤波、功率放大(低噪放大)等处理，将信号调整为适合射频天线发送的信号或将天线采集到的信号转化为适合采样和基带处理的信号。
需要说明的是，在IEEE 802.11ad可以支持多个DMG接收天线或DMG发射天线，这里的每个天线实际上均是指天线阵，在本申请实施例中简称天线，例如，图2中给出了一种相控天线的天线阵，即一个相控天线阵对应即为一根天线。每个天线可以采用波束发射和接收信号，也可以采用准全向发射和接收信号，例如，图2中给出的发起设备的天线采用的波束发射和接收信号，而响应者采用的准全向发射和接收信号。应理解，在IEEE802.11ad中，虽然发起设备和响应设备具有多个天线，但发起设备和响应设备都只支持单个射频通道(radio frequency，RF)，即仅有一个接收链和一个发射链。而在IEEE 802.11ay中支持MIMO的应用场景时，例如，图3示出了支持MIMO的发起设备和响应设备的示意图，即发起设备和响应设备可以具有多个RF，例如，在图3中，发起设备和响应设备各具有两个RF。
实际应用中，一个RF仅固定连接到一个特定天线。可选地，由于RF成本较高，而多个天线可获得分集的效果。因此，可以由一个RF动态配置连接到所述多个天线中的一个特定天线。
应理解，本申请实施例中，发起设备和响应设备可以具有一个RF也可以具有多个RF。并且一个RF可以连接到一个天线也可以连接到多个天线，本申请实施例并不限于此。
下面在描述本申请实施例的训练波束的方法的实施例之前，首先对现有的802.11协议中的波束赋形训练过程进行介绍。
在IEEE 802.11ad标准的波束训练过程中，可以包括SLS阶段，还可以包括BRP阶段。
其中，在SLS阶段，可以具体包括发起设备扇区扫描(initiator sector sweep，ISS)、响应设备扇区扫描(responder sector sweep，RSS)和扇区扫描反馈(sector sweep feedback，SSW-Feedback)三个子阶段，可选地，还可以包括扇区扫描确认(sector sweep ACK，SSW-ACK)子阶段，从而建立发起设备和响应设备之间的基本链路。具体地，在ISS阶段，发起设备通过发送多个扇区扫描(sector sweep，SSW)帧，或者包含SSW字段的信标帧，进行发起设备的发射扇区或接收扇区的训练，即ISS阶段为发起设备的发射波束或接收波束训练过程。类似的，响应设备在RSS阶段通过发送SSW帧进行响应设备的发射波束或接收波束训练。SLS中通过SSW-Feedback阶段和SSW-ACK阶段对上述的ISS和RSS阶段的结果进行确认，并且确定是否要进行波束优化。
应理解，在SLS阶段中，发起设备或响应设备可以通过发送U个包含SSW字段的帧实现U个波束训练。不同的SSW帧或Beacon帧之间的间隔可以为短波束帧间间隔(short beamforming interframe space，SBIFS)，或者也可以为长波束帧间间隔(long beamforming interframe space，LBIFS)。而且SLS阶段也是为发起设备和响应设备建立了通信的基本通道，发起设备可以获得发送到响应设备的最优发射扇区，而响应设备也可以获得发送到发起设备的最优发射扇区，也就是说可以选择出发射波束，并利用发射波束的增益。
进一步地，当发起设备和响应设备的收发波束具有互易性时，在确定了发射扇区的情况下，根据互易性即可确定接收扇区。
通过以上过程即可完成发起设备与响应设备之间的发射波束和接收波束的训练。
然而，在现有的BFT过程中，当收发双方的训练能力和/或发送功率不同时，导致上下行覆盖不对称，例如，发送功率大的一方发送信号能够被对端接收到，而发送功率小的一方发送的信号不能被对端接收到，影响了BFT的性能。
例如，如表1所示，在ISS阶段，当发起设备，例如AP采用大功率(例如，15dBm)和高增益波束(例如，15dBi)进行波束扫描时，响应设备，例如STA以接收波束(5dBi)可以接收到-75dBm的信号。
在RSS阶段，当STA以5dBm发射功率和5dBi波束进行发送时，若AP以15dBi的波束进行接收，接收信号为-85dBm，远弱于STA接收的-75dBm的信号。当接收机的接收灵敏度介于-85dBm和-75dBm之间时，意味着STA能收到AP的信号，但AP收不到STA的上行信号，造成上行覆盖不足(即上行覆盖小于下行覆盖)的问题。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019092905-appb-000001
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种波束赋形训练的方法，该方法能够提高BFT性能，具体而言，本申请实施例通过让发起设备例如AP提供高波束增益的接收区间，以便扩展上行接收范围。这样AP可通过更高的波束成形增益来弥补STA上行发送功率的不足。解决上行覆盖不足的问题。
例如，在本申请实施例中，如表2所示，发起设备(例如，AP)使用高增益波束发送参考信号，例如，该增益高于表1中进行波束扫描的增益，例如，为24dBi。当应答设备(例如，STA)仍然按照表1中的参数发送响应时，由于AP的接收波束增益提高了，AP可通过更高的波束成形增益来弥补STA上行发送功率的不足。具体而言，当STA以5dBm发射功率和5dBi波束进行发送时，若AP以24dBi的波束进行接收，接收信号为-76dBm，接近于STA接收的-75dBm的信号。意味着STA能收到AP的信号时，但AP也能收到STA的上行信号，即解决了上行覆盖不足的问题。
表2
Figure PCTCN2019092905-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019092905-appb-000003
应理解，上述表1和表2中列举的各种数值仅仅是示例性的，本申请实施例并不限于此。
作为示例而非限定，下面结合具体的例子，对本申请实施例的方案进行详细描述。
应理解，本申请实施例中，发起设备可以为AP/PCP，响应设备可以为STA；或者发起设备可以为STA，响应设备可以为AP/PCP。为了便于描述，下文中以发起设备为AP，应答设备为STA为例进行描述，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
图4是根据本申请一个实施例的波束赋形训练的方法的示意性流程图。图5是根据本申请另一实施例的波束赋形训练的方法的示意性流程图。图4和图5所示的方法可以应用于WLAN系统中，该WLAN系统可以包括发起设备和多个响应设备。
图4和图5的区别在于：在图4中不限定发起设备发送的第一指示信息和参考信号的关系，换句话说，在图4的实施例中，发起设备发送的第一指示信息和参考信号可以位于同一个帧中，也可以位于不同的帧中；在图5实施例中，发起设备发送第一帧，该第一帧中包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，也就是说，图5实施例可以看成图4实施例中第一指示信息和参考信号位于同一帧中的特例。下面主要对图4的例子进行详细描述，图5实施例中与图4相同的特征可以参考图4中的描述，下文适当省略对图5的描述。
下面首先描述图4所示的方法，具体地，如图4所示的方法400包括：
410，发起设备发送第一指示信息。
所述第一指示信息用于指示多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，该资源包括接收时域资源和/或接收频域资源。
相对应地，响应设备接收该第一指示信息。
可选地，在一种实现方式中，该第一指示信息可以携带在第一帧中，具体而言，在410中，发起设备发送携带该第一指示信息的第一帧。
可选地，该第一帧可以为扇区扫描帧(SSW)、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧。
应理解，本申请实施例中，第一指示信息指示的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，可以用于响应设备发送反馈信息，也可以用于发起设备检测反馈信息。
应理解，本申请实施例中，第一指示信息可以采用直序扩频的方式(例如，control PHY物理层定义的格式)发送，或其他低速率MCS发送，以获得更高的可靠性，实际应用中，第一指示信息也可以用其他模式发送，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，该第一指示信息可以仅指示时域资源，即各个发射波束对应的资源为时域资源，例如，该时域资源可以为某一时段。
或者，该第一指示信息可以仅指示频域资源，即各个发射波束对应的资源为频域资源，例如，该频域资源可以为信道资源。
或者，该第一指示信息可以指示时频资源，即各个发射波束对应的资源为时域资源和频域资源。
可选的，作为一个实施例，所述第一指示信息包括以下信息中的至少一种：
所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
应理解，各个发射波束的指示信息可以为位图的形式，例如，该多个发射波束为4个发射波束。那么在位图为0001或1110时，可以表示第一个发射波束；在位图为0100或1011时，可以表示第3个发射波束，以此类推。
应理解，本申请实施例中第一指示信息的具体内容并不限于上述列举的信息，只要第一指示信息能够指示各个发射波束对应的资源即可，本领域技术人员根据本申请的描述可以对第一指示信息进行各种变形，这样的修改也在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
发起设备通过第一指示信息指示各个发射波束对应的资源，这样在后续的波束训练过程中，响应设备就可以根据第一指示信息的指示在发射波束对应的资源上发送反馈信息，相对应地，发起设备在各个发射波束对应的资源上检测反馈信息。
具体而言，发起设备可以首先发送第一指示信息，然后通过上述多个发射波束发送参考信号，之后在第一指示信息指示的各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息。应理解，由于发起设备不知道响应设备具体在哪个资源发送反馈信息，因此，发起设备会在每个发射波束对应的资源均检测反馈信息，具体的，发起设备会使用各个发射波束对应的接收波束检测反馈信息。
响应设备接收上述多个发射波束发送的参考信号，响应设备并根据参考信号接收信号强度确定出该多个发射波束中的一个最优发射波束，则该响应设备会在该最优发射波束对应的资源上向发起设备发送反馈信息，由于发起设备在各个资源上均检测反馈信息，因此，一旦发起设备在其中一个资源上发送反馈信息，发起设备均能够在该其中一个资源上监测到该反馈信息。
例如，图6示出了发起设备为AP，响应设备为STA，AP通过低增益波束发送第一指示信息，且该第一指示信息指示两个发射波束即发射波束1(以下简称波束1)和发射波束2(以下简称波束2)应的时域资源的例子，且发射波束1和发射波束2分别发送参考信号1和参考信号2。其中，每一个参考信号对应图6中的一个训练训练(training，TRN)单元，每个TRN单元往一个波束方向发送，TRN单元发送所用的波束1和波束2为高波束增益，增益可高于发送第一指示信息所用的发射波束0(以下简称波束0)的波束增益。假设波束0的覆盖角度范围为包括波束1和波束2的覆盖角度范围。
应理解，该第一指示信息和该参考信号1和参考信号2可以属于同一帧，也可以属于不同的帧，图6示出了第一指示信息和参考信号1和参考信号2属于同一帧(例如，为SSW帧)的情况，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
具体的，如图6所示，发起设备首先通过低增益波束例如，波束0发送第一指示信息，可选地，该发起设备还可以通过该低增益波束发送上述的其他信息；然后，该发起设备通过波束1和波束2在不同的角度上发送参考信号1和参考信号2。假设STA位于波束1覆盖的范围内，由于波束0的覆盖角度范围为包括波束1的覆盖角度范围。因此STA能 够接收到第一指示信息，并根据第一指示信息确定出波束1和波束2对应的时域资源。由于STA位于波束1覆盖角度范围内，因此，STA接收到的参考信号1的强度大于其他参考信号的强度，因此，该STA可以生成反馈信息，并在波束1对应的时域资源上发送该反馈信息。
420，发起设备通过各个发射波束发送参考信号。
换句话说，发起设备通过多个发射波束发送多个参考信号，其中，该多个参考信号与该多个发射波束具有一一对应关系。
相对应地，响应设备检测所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号。
可选地，本申请实施例中，参考信号为训练信号、或由短训练字段(short training field，STF)和信道估计字段(channel estimation field，CEF)构成的信号、或由STF和长训练字段(long training field，LTF)构成的信号。
可选地，所述STF/LTF等参考信号可以采用Golay序列生成，并可使用pi/2-BPSK方式来调制。
可选地，所述STF可以包含一部分周期信号(序列)，还可包含一部分其他信号用来表示STF终结。例如，所述STF包含基本长度为128的序列构成的周期信号。
可选地，所述LTF或CEF可由一个或多个Golay互补序列对构成。
例如，如图6所示，发起设备通过各个发射波束在不同的方向发送参考信号。在图6所示的例子中，每个TRN单元可以对应一个参考信号。每个TRN单元往一个波束方向发送。
可选地，本申请实施例中，第一指示信息和多个参考信号可以承载与同一个帧中，例如，所述第一指示信息和多个参考信号承载于第一帧中。这种情况下，410和420中发送第一指示信息和发送参考信号的动作可以与图5中步骤510对应，即发起设备发送第一帧，该第一帧包括上述第一指示信息和多个参考信号。
应理解，本申请实施例中多个参考信号可以表述成至少一个参考信号，例如该至少一个参考信号可以包括一个参考信号、两个参考信号或者更多个参考信号，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例中参考信号的个数可以与发射波束的个数对应，一个发射波束可以用于发射一个参考信号。本申请实施例多个发射波束也可以表述成至少一个发射波束，该至少一个发射波束可以包括一个发射波束、两个发射波束或者更多个发射波束，本申请实施例并不限于此。
可替代地，该第一指示信息和该多个信号可以分别位于不同的帧中，例如，第一指示信息位于扇区扫描帧(SSW)、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧中，该多个参考信号位于其他帧中，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例中，不管第一指示信息和多个参考信号是否位于同一个帧中，发起设备可以使用不同的波束发送第一指示信息和该多个参考信号。换句话说，本申请实施例中，发送第一指示信息的波束与发送多个参考信号的上述多个发射波束不同。
例如，本申请实施例中，发送第一指示信息的波束可以为低增益的波束，发送多个参考信号的上述多个发射波束可以为高增益波束。也就是说该多个发射波束的增益可以高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。例如，该第一指示信息的波束覆盖角度范围为该多个发 射波束覆盖角度范围的和。其中，该多个发射波束中的不同的发射波束的波束方向不同。
应理解，本申请实施例中第一指示信息的波束的增益可以是指发送第一指示信息的天线本身的增益，也可以是指发送第一指示信息的天线经过波束赋形后的波束的增益，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例中，上述第一指示信息所在帧(例如，第一帧)中还可以携带其他信息，例如，第一帧中携带的其他信息包括所述发起设备的身份标识(如MAC地址、或AID)或所述发起设备所在网络的标识(如SSID、或BSSID)。响应设备可根据检测接收到的所述第一帧中的所述发起设备的身份标识，来判断所述第一帧是否来自波束训练目标设备。若所述第一帧是来自波束训练目标设备，则可进行测量并反馈报告或发送响应帧。反之，可不进行测量和响应。
应理解，本申请实施例中，该第一帧中携带其他信息时，发起设备可以使用上述低增益的波束一起发送该第一指示信息和上述其他信息。
现有技术中，发起设备发送的每一个扇区扫描帧仅能进行一个波束方向的训练。当需要覆盖多个波束方向时，需要发送多个扇区扫描帧，即扇区扫描帧中的MAC地址等内容被多次重复发送，效率较低。
由于每个扇区扫描帧的MAC地址等内容都是相同的，本申请实施例中，可通过低增益的宽波束发送MAC地址等上述其他信息，由于该低增益的波束的覆盖角度范围较大，例如为多个发射波束的覆盖范围之和，因此，在该多个发射波束为M个发射波束时，本申请实施例在进行M个波束方向训练时，可以只发射一次MAC地址等上述其他信息，即可实现MAC地址等其他信息在M个波束方向的发送，避免了在M个发射波束上多次重复发送相同的信息，因此本申请能够避免信息的重复发送，降低开销，提高波束训练效率。
430，响应设备根据各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定反馈信息。
例如，响应设备根据多个发射波束发送的多个参考信号的强度确定反馈信息，例如，响应设备根据多个参考信号中的接收强度最大的参考信号确定该反馈信息，并确定在该参考信号强度最大的参考信号对应的发射波束为最优发射波束。
应理解，本申请实施例中，该反馈信息可以显示的指示该最优发射波束，例如该反馈信息可以携带该最优发射波束的标识等；可选地，该反馈信息也可以隐式的指示该最优发射波束，例如，每个发射波束仅唯一对应一个资源时，在响应设备在某一资源上反馈该反馈信息时，只要发起设备在该某一资源上接收到反馈信息，即可确定该某一资源对应的发射波束为最优发射波束，这种情况下，反馈信息也可以隐式的指示该最优发射波束，该反馈信息可以为任意形式的信息，本申请实施例并不对此做限定。
440，所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
可选地，该响应设备在最优发射波束对应的资源上发送该反馈信息。
可选地，该反馈信息是响应设备通过扇区扫描反馈发送的，本申请实施例并不限于此。
相对应地，所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源检测应答设备发送的反馈信息。
可选地，在每个发射波束仅唯一对应一个资源时，一旦在某一个资源上发起设备检测到反馈信息，即可确定该某一资源对应的发射波束为最优发射波束。
可选地，当存在多个发射波束对应同一资源时，在某一个资源上发起设备检测到反馈 信息，发起设备可以根据反馈信息携带的最优发射波束的标识确定该最优发射波束。
可选地，作为另一实施例，所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源检测应答设备根据所述参考信号发送的反馈信息，包括：
所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上通过与所述各个发射波束对应的接收波束检测应答设备发送的反馈信息；
应理解，本申请实施例中，一个发射波束对应的接收波束可以满足以下条件中的至少一种：
条件一：
一个发射波束对应的接收波束与所述一个发射波束具有互易性。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，接收波束的方向图可以和发射波束的方向图相同时，即可认为接收波束与发射波束具有互异性。
或接收波束的方向图可以和发射波束的方向图相同相近(例如在较强信号方向的各角度上的信号增益差异小于一门限，如3dB)，即可认为接收波束与发射波束具有互异性。
或接收波束宽于发射波束，且覆盖发射波束方向，例如，接收波束的半功率波瓣宽度(HPBW)大于发射波束的HPBW，接收波束的指向角与发射波束的指向角相同。更进一步可限定接收波束的波束增益不小于发射波束的波束增益减预设值
条件二：
一个发射波束对应的接收波束的覆盖角度范围包括所述一个发射波束的覆盖角度范围；
具体而言，一个发射波束可以对应的接收波束的覆盖角度范围可以大于该一个发射波束的覆盖角度范围。
可选地，多个发射波束可以对应同一个接收波束，换句话说该一个接收波束覆盖角度范围可以包括该多个发射波束的覆盖角度范围。可选地，该多个发射波束对应的接收时间和/或接收频域是相同的。
条件三：
一个发射波束对应的接收波束的天线与所述一个发射波束的天线之间的距离满足预设距离条件。
例如，一个发射波束对应的接收波束为其天线与该发射波束的天线间的距离最小或者距离小于预设距离阈值的一个接收波束。
可选地，所述接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
具体而言，发起设备(例如AP)发送第一指示信息和多个参考信号，当响应设备(例如，STA)接收到第一指示信息时，STA可以通过第一指示信息获得多个发射波束(例如，TRN单元)对应的资源。STA通过测量TRN(参考信号)，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当STA测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，STA后续可在波束1对应的资源向AP发送反馈信息，例如，STA发送响应帧(例如，扇区扫描回复帧)，该响应帧中携带该反馈信息。由于AP在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测STA发送的反馈信息，因此可以弥补STA上行发送功率的不足。进而AP可以接收到STA发送的反馈信息，解决了现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题。
例如，当STA以5dBm发射功率和5dBi波束进行发送时，若AP以24dBi的波束进 行接收，接收信号为-76dBm，接近于STA接收的-75dBm的信号。意味着STA能收到AP的信号时，且AP也能收到STA的上行信号。即解决了上行覆盖不足的问题。
应理解，本申请实施例中，使用发射波束对应的接收波束接收反馈信息的方案可以独立存在，例如不限于本申请实施例的场景，例如，可以应用于现有的场景中。具体而言，发起设备在多个发射波束方向发送扫描帧，例如，信标帧、SSW帧等，之后使用该多个发射波束对应的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息。通过这种方式可以使得发送反馈信息的响应设备在发起设备的接收波束角度范围内，进而发起设备可以接收到反馈信息。避免了响应设备在发起设备的接收角度外导致发起设备检测不到反馈信息的问题。
下面描述图5所示的方法，具体地，图5所示的方法500，包括：
510，发起设备发送第一帧。
所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是所述发起设备通过所述多个发射波束发送的，可选地，该多个参考信号与该多个发射波束具有一一对应关系。
相对应地，响应设备接收该第一帧。
应理解，发起设备可以通过低增益波束发送第一指示信息，通过高增益波束发送参考信号。具体地，图5可以看成图4中第一指示信息和参考信号位于同一帧的特例，具体地，步骤510可以参见上文图4中步骤410和420的描述。此处不再赘述。
520，所述响应设备根据所述多个参考信号确定反馈信息。
具体地，步骤520可以参见步骤430的描述，此处不再赘述。
530，所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
相对应地，所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息。
具体地，步骤530可以参见步骤440的描述，此处不再赘述。
具体而言，发起设备发送第一帧，当响应设备(例如，STA)接收到第一帧时，STA可以通过第一帧中的第一指示信息获得多个发射波束(例如，TRN单元)对应的资源。STA通过测量TRN(参考信号)，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当STA测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，STA后续可在波束1对应的资源向AP发送反馈信息，例如，STA发送响应帧(例如，扇区扫描回复帧)，该响应帧中携带该反馈信息。由于AP在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测STA发送的反馈信息，因此可以弥补STA上行发送功率的不足。进而AP可以接收到STA发送的反馈信息，解决了现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题。
上文中描述了第一指示信息可以用于指示各个发射波束对应的资源，例如，第一指示信息包括的内部不限于上述列举的信息。以下，可选地，作为示例，而非限定，下面结合图7描述第一指示信息的一种具体帧结构格式。
如图7所示，该第一指示信息可以包括：
发送训练(TRN-T)字段，一种实现方式，该字段用于携带参考信号，该参考信号用于波束训练(或者称为波束赋形训练)；
用于描述发送训练(TRN-T)的P字段、M字段和N字段，该P、M和N字段能 够指示间隔多久会换一个波束方向发送参考信号。应理解，在实际应用中，该指示信息中可以包括该P字段、M字段和N字段该三个字段中的部分信息或全部信息，本申请实施例并不限于此。其中，P字段的值用于指示一个TRN单元中与前导和数据字段采用相同AWV发送的TRN子字段的数量，在包传输中在TRN字段的开头更换DMG天线的情况除外。例如，P字段的值可以为0～3。M字段的值用于指示一个TRN单元中TRN子字段的数量，在这些TRN子字段中的开头发射机可以改变AWV。在TRN-R的包中，该M字段为保留字段。N字段的值用于指示M个TRN子字段中，采用相同AWV的连续TRN子字段数量。
波束训练模式字段，当该字段为预设值时，指示发起设备采用特定的模式去接收响应设备发送的反馈信息，具体的该接收方向与TRN单元(参考信号)的发送方向对应。可选地，当存在多种训练模式时，该波束训练模式字段可以存在，当仅有一种训练模式时，第一指示信息中可以不携带该字段。
分配个数(number of allocation)字段，表示资源个数，当一个发射波束与一个资源对应时，该分配个数等于发射波束个数，当存在多个发射波束对应同一个资源时，该分配个数小于发射波束个数。
多个分配(allocation)字段，例如，包括分配1字段、分配2字段…，其中每一个分配字段表示一个资源的信息。
可选地，本申请实施例中，所述第一指示信息还可携带TRN-T信号的频域分配指示信息的字段。例如，第一指示信息包含下列字段中的一个或多个：
TRN包含一个或多个TRN子字段。TRN的发送方在每个TRN子字段内根据一个或多个协议规定的TRN序列来生成发送信号。
TRN子字段序列长度字段，指示TRN子字段序列所用的长度，例如128，256或64等。
TRN空间流数字段，用于指示TRN空间流数，即并行发送的TRN子字段序列的个数。
应理解，图7仅示意出第一指示信息的一种帧结构形式，在实际应用中，可以进行相应地变形，本申请实施例并不限于此。
如图7所示，以第一指示信息指示每个发射波束对应的接收时段为例，作为一个例子，每个分配字段可以具有多种形式，例如，可以包括时隙信息、时隙数量等。可选地，还可以包括频域信息。可选地，在每个分配字段包括时域信息和频域信息时，不同的两个分配字段对应的时段和频域范围可以均不相同，也可以部分相同，例如，时段相同但频域范围不同；或者，时段不同，频域范围相同。
图7示出了一个分配字段包括时域信息的一个例子。具体地，如图7所示，该分配字段包括：
方向字段(directions)(例如，为训训练方向位图(TRN direction bitmap)、天线加权向量(antenna weighting vector，AWV)标识ID，表示当前分配时段对应的扇区信息，例如，为位图(bitmap)标注的AP发送TRN信号所使用的扇区。例如，发起设备发送了四个TRN，该方向字段对应的位图为1100，对应两个发射波束AP使用该两个的方向去接收反馈信息。
起始时间字段(start time)：表示分配时段的开始时间。应理解，当AP在扫描帧中提供倒计数编号形式的扫描帧编号，且在多个扫描帧结束后就立即是第一个TRN对应的接收区间时，分配字段中可以不包括该起始时间字段。
TXSS子时隙数(TXSS sub slot number)：表示一个时隙(slot)中TXSS subslot的个数，即表示STA发送扇区扫描”帧的个数。
时隙数(slot number)：表示slot个数。
确认子时隙数(ACK subslot number)：一个确认时隙(ACK slot)中有几个ACK subslot，个数，即表示AP用来回复“STA发送扇区扫描”帧的个数。
应理解，图7中分配字段只要包括开始时间、持续时间和结束时间中的至少两个即可，本申请实施例并不限于此。
如图8所示，对应图7中的分配字段，该资源为时域资源时，该时域资源具体可以包括多个时隙(slot)如图8所示为3个时隙和一个确认时隙(ack slot)，可选的，一个时隙中可以包括多个TXSS子时隙数，例如，如图8所示包括3个。一个确认时隙可以包括多个确认子时隙数，例如，如图8所示包括3个。
应理解，上述举例中的数值仅是示意性的，本申请实施例并不限于此。
需要说明的是，当多个分配字段在时间上连续放置时，对应第k个分配字段的起始时间，可通过第1个分配字段的开始时间和前k-1个分配字段所占时间累加来计算得。则可以在第i个分配字段(i大于1)内不包含开始时间字段，仅在第一个分配字段内包含开始时间或者在第一个分配字段之前的一个字段内包含该开始时间字段。
应理解，上文中仅描述了响应设备在最优发送波束对应的资源上发送反馈信息，可选地，作为另一实施例，响应设备STA可根据TRN测得的信号强度或信号质量，或估计得的信道，或其他实现准则，选择它认为最优的扇区。然后选择对应的接收时间段发送反馈信息。在最优发送波束对应的资源如图8所示时，
响应设备例如STA可以在如图8所示的时隙(slot)上发送反馈信息。发起设备在相应时隙上检测反馈信息。
具体地，STA可选取如图8所示的一个子时隙发送反馈信息。也可选取多个子时隙发送一个或多个反馈信息，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例中，
AP在约定时间段的接收STA发送反馈信息的方式可以分时隙进行，即一个发起设备的接收波束的接收方向对应多个约定的时隙。
例如，分配时段1至4均使用接收方向1接收反馈信息。其中，该分配时段可以表示一个时隙，也可以表示一个发射波束对应的时域资源。
或一个发起设备的接收波束的接收方向对应一个约定分配时段。
例如，分配时段1至4分别使用接收方向1至接收方向4接收反馈信息。
或多个接收方向对应一个约定接收时隙。
例如，分配时段1对应接收方向1和2)、分配时段2对应接收方向3和4)
或多个接收方向对应多个约定接收时隙。
例如，分配时段1对应接收方向1、分配时段2对应接收方向1、分配时段3对应接收方向1、分配时段4对应接收方向1。
应理解，在实际应用中，AP可以在发射波束对应的资源上处于接收状态。可选地，本申请实施例中，AP可以在发射波束对应的资源上主要处于接收状态，还可以处于向STA反馈ACK的状态，例如如图8所示，在时域资源的时隙(slot)内处于接收状态，在确认时隙(ack slot)上处于反馈ACK的状态。
下面结合更具体的例子，描述本申请实施例中波束赋形训练的方法。
前文结合图6描述了一个发起设备与一个响应设备波束赋形训练的过程。可选地，在实际应用中，发起设备可以同时与多个响应设备进行波束赋形训练。下面结合图9描述具有两个响应设备的例子。
例如，图9示出了发起设备为AP，响应设备为STA1和STA2，AP通过低增益波束发送第一指示信息，且该第一指示信息指示两个发射波束即发射波束1和发射波束2对应的时域资源的例子，且发射波束1和发射波束2分别发送参考信号1和参考信号2。其中，每一个参考信号对应图9中的一个训练训练(training，TRN)单元，每个TRN单元往一个波束方向发送，TRN单元发送所用的波束1和波束2为高波束增益，增益可高于发送第一指示信息所用的发射波束0的波束增益。假设发射波束0的覆盖角度范围为包括波束1和波束2的覆盖角度范围。
应理解，该第一指示信息和该参考信号1和参考信号2可以属于同一帧，也可以属于不同的帧，图9示出了第一指示信息和参考信号1和参考信号2属于同一帧(例如，为SSW帧)的情况，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
具体的，如图9所示，发起设备首先通过低增益波束例如，波束0发送第一指示信息，可选地，该发起设备还可以通过该低增益波束发送上述的其他信息；然后，该发起设备通过波束1和波束2在不同的角度上发送参考信号1和参考信号2。假设STA1位于波束1覆盖的范围内，STA2位于波束2覆盖的范围内。由于波束0的覆盖角度范围为包括波束1和波束2的覆盖角度范围。因此STA1和STA2均能够接收到第一指示信息，并根据第一指示信息确定出波束1和波束2对应的时域资源。由于STA1位于波束1覆盖角度范围内，因此，STA1接收到的参考信号1的强度大于其他参考信号的强度，因此，该STA1可以生成反馈信息，并在波束1对应的时域资源上发送该反馈信息。由于STA2位于波束2覆盖角度范围内，因此，STA2接收到的参考信号2的强度大于其他参考信号的强度，因此，该STA2可以生成反馈信息，并在波束2对应的时域资源上发送该反馈信息。相应地，发起设备在波束1和波束2对应的时域资源上分别检测到STA1发送的反馈信息和STA2发送的反馈信息，进行发起设备确定对应STA1的最优发送波束为波束1，对应STA2的最优发送波束为波束2。
前文介绍了发起设备发送一个指示信息的例子，可选地，本申请实施例中，发起设备可以发送多个指示信息，例如，发起设备可以通过多个帧发送多个指示信息，例如，通过多个SSW帧发送多个指示信息，其中每个指示信息的内容与上文中的第一指示信息类似，每个帧可以对应一个发射波束集合，每个帧的发射波束的覆盖角度范围包括与其对应的发射波束集合整体覆盖角度范围。
可选地，每个帧中还可以包括与该帧中的指示信息对应的多个参考信号。
具体地，下面描述发起设备发送两个指示信息的例子。
相应地，作为另一实施例，本申请实施例方法还可以包括：
所述发起设备发送第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示第二发射波束组中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述第二发射波束组包括多个发射波束，其中，第一信息指示的多个发射波束属于第一发射波束组，第一发射波束组和第二发射波束组中的发射波束各不相同；
所述发起设备通过所述第二发射波束组中的各个发射波束发送参考信号；
所述发起设备在所述第二发射波束组中的各个发射波束对应的接收时段检测应答设备发送的反馈信息。
可选的，所述反馈信息用于指示所述第二发射波束组中的最优发射波束。
也就是说，本申请实施例中，可以通过一个低增益波束发送第一指示信息，通过另一低增益波束发送第二指示信息。其中，该一个低增益波束的覆盖角度范围可以包括第一发射波束组整体覆盖角度范围；该另一低增益波束的覆盖角度范围可以包括第二发射波束组整体覆盖角度范围。
应理解，第二指示信息具体描述可以参考第一指示信息的描述，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。
还应理解，第二指示信息可以与第二发送波束组发送的多个参考信号均位于第二帧中，本申请实施例并不限于此。
本申请实施例中，第一指示信息可以指示第一发射波束组中的发射波束对应的资源(简称为第一组资源)，类似地，第二指示信息可以指示第二发射波束组中的发射波束对应的资源(简称为第二组资源)。
以上述资源为时域资源为例，如图10所示，所述发起设备通过所述第二发射波束组中的各个发射波束发送参考信号的时间位于所述第一组资源之前的时间。也就是说，从时间的先后顺序排序，发起设备先发送第一指示信息然后通过第一发射波束组发射参考信号，之后对应第一组资源的时间，然后再发射第二指示信息，之后再通过第二发射波束组发射参考信号，最后是第二组资源的时间。
具体而言，如图10所示，第一发射波束组包括波束1和波束2，第二发射波束组包括波束3和波束4，波束1至波束4分别对应时段1至4，假设STA1位于波束1覆盖角度范围，STA2位于波束2覆盖角度范围，STA3位于波束3覆盖角度范围，则STA1在时段1上发送反馈信息，则STA2在时段2上发送反馈信息，则STA3在时段3上发送反馈信息。
可替代地，如图11所示，所述发起设备发送所述第二指示信息的时间位于所第一组资源之后的时间。也就是说，从时间的先后顺序排序，发起设备先发送第一指示信息然后通过第一发射波束组发射参考信号，再发射第二指示信息，之后再通过第二发射波束组发射参考信号，之后对应第一组资源的时间，最后是第二组资源的时间。
具体而言，如图11所示，第一发射波束组包括波束1和波束2，第二发射波束组包括波束3和波束4，波束1至波束4分别对应接收时段1至4，假设STA1位于波束1覆盖角度范围，STA2位于波束2覆盖角度范围，STA3位于波束3覆盖角度范围，则STA1在时段1上发送反馈信息，则STA2在时段2上发送反馈信息，则STA3在时段3上发送反馈信息。
也就是说，本申请实施例中，在一种实现方式中，如图11所示，发起设备例如AP 在发送一系列扇区扫描帧后，再提供一系列时域区间。在另一种实现方式中，如图10所示，发起设备例如AP提供的扇区扫描帧和时域区间在时间维度上交织在一起。
前文介绍了在时域维度上，发起设备同一时刻仅发送一个SSW帧的例子，可选地，当发起设备具有多个RF时，例如当AP具有多个RF时，AP可利用多个天线指向多个波束方向并行发送多个TRN单元。
例如，作为一个实施例，下面描述发起设备包括第一射频通道和第二射频通道，发送携带第一指示信息的第一帧和携带第二指示信息的第二帧的例子。
其中，第一指示信息和第二指示信息的定义可以参考上文中的描述，此处不再赘述。
具体而言，如图12所示，发起设备可以通过所述第一射频通道和所述第二射频通道同时发送所述第一指示信息和所述第二指示信息；
并且，所述发起设备通过所述第一射频通道和所述第二射频通道同时通过所述第一发射波束组中的各个发射波束发送参考信号以及通过所述第二发射波束组中的各个发射波束发送参考信号；
应理解，本申请实施例中，所述第一发射波束组中发射波束中的参考信号序列与所述第二发射波束组中发射波束中的参考信号序列相关性低于预设相关性阈值或者互相正交。
应理解，本申请实施例中，两个参考信号序列相关性低于预设相关性阈值可以表示两个参考信号序列具有低相关性或者低位移相关性。
应理解，图12中示出了多个发射波束的接收时间不重叠的情况。可选地，由于AP可利用多个RF链同时接收，因此，对于多个TRN波束对应的接收波束发起设备可采用重叠的接收时段接收反馈信息。
例如，如图13所示，两个发射波束对应的接收时段完全重叠。
如图14所示，两个发射波束对应的接收时段部分重叠。
需要说明的是，前文结合图12至图14描述了有几个RF，发几个帧的情况，可选地，当具有多个通道同时发的话，帧中的MAC地址等内容可以都一样。作为一个实施例，本申请实施例可以在发起设备具有多个RF时，为了避免MAC地址等信息的重复发送，可以仅发送一个帧，该帧中携带一个指示信息，以及所有发射波束对应的相同的MAC地址内容。然后，通过各个RF同时发送参考信号。
相对应地，作为另一实施例，图12至图14可以变形为仅发送一个指示信息的情况，该一个指示信息用于指示多个各个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源。这种情况下，所述发起设备同时通过至少两个发射波束发送参考信号，其中，所述至少两个发射波束中的任意两个发射波束中的参考信号序列具有低相关性、低移位相关性或者互相正交。
具体而言，所述多个发射波束包括与多个射频通道(RF)一一对应的多个发射波束集合，其中，每个发射波束集合包括至少一个发射波束，属于不同发射波束集合中的两个发射波束对应的接收时段互相不重叠、部分重叠或完全重叠。所述发起设备通过各个发射波束发送参考信号，包括：所述发起设备使用所述多个射频通道同时通过所述多个发射波束集合中的各个发射波束发送参考信号，其中，不同的两个发射波束集合中的发射波束中的参考信号序列具有低相关性、低移位相关性或者互相正交。
具体地，在发起设备发送完一个指示信息后，通过多个RF同时发送参考信号以及发起设备检测反馈信息的方案与前文图12至图14中描述的方案类似，为避免重复，此处不 再赘述。
本申请实施例通过让发起设备例如AP提供高波束增益的接收区间，以便扩展上行接收范围。这样AP可通过更高的波束成形增益来弥补STA上行发送功率的不足。解决上行覆盖不足的问题。
应理解，上文中图1至图14的例子，仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本申请实施例，而非要将本申请实施例限于所例示的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的图1至图14的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改或变化也落入本申请实施例的范围内。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
上文中，结合图1至图14详细描述了本申请实施例的方法，下面结合图15至图18描述本申请实施例的波束训练的装置。
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种波束训练的装置的结构示意图，该装置1500可以包括：
处理单元1510和收发单元1520。
在一种实现方式中，所述处理单元用于控制所述收发单元发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；通过所述各个发射波束发送参考信号；在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定的。
或者，在另一种实现方式中，所述处理单元用于控制所述收发单元发送第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是通过所述多个发射波束发送的；在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述多个参考信号确定的。
具体而言，本申请实施例中，发起设备发送第一指示信息和多个参考信号，当响应设备接收到第一指示信息时，能够通过第一指示信息获得多个发射波束对应的资源。响应设备通过测量参考信号，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当响应设备测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，响应设备可在波束1对应的资源向发起设备发送反馈信息。当发起设备在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息的情况下，可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
可选地，所述收发单元具体用于在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上使用与所述各个发射波束对应的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息；
其中，一个发射波束对应的接收波束满足以下条件中的至少一种：
一个发射波束对应的接收波束与所述一个发射波束具有互易性；
一个发射波束对应的接收波束的覆盖角度范围包括所述一个发射波束的覆盖角度范 围；
一个发射波束对应的接收波束的天线与所述一个发射波束的天线之间的距离满足预设距离条件。
可选地，所述接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
可选地，所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
可选地，所述反馈信息用于指示所述多个发射波束中的最优发射波束。
可选地，所述第一指示信息包括以下信息中的至少一种：
所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
可选地，所述第一帧为扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧。
可选地，第一指示信息承载于扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧中。
可选地，所述收发单元具体用于同时通过至少两个发射波束发送参考信号，其中，所述至少两个发射波束中的任意两个发射波束中的参考信号序列具有低相关性、低移位相关性或者互相正交。
应理解，这里的装置1500以功能单元的形式体现。这里的术语“单元”可以指应用特有集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、电子电路、用于执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(例如共享处理器、专有处理器或组处理器等)和存储器、合并逻辑电路和/或其它支持所描述的功能的合适组件。在一个可选例子中，本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请提供的装置1500对应上述图4或5方法实施例中发起设备执行的过程，该装置中的各个单元/模块的功能可以参见上文中的描述，此处不再赘述。
应理解，图15所述的装置可以是发起设备，也可以是安装于发起设备中的芯片或集成电路。
以发起设备为例，图16为本申请实施例提供的一种发起设备的结构示意图。如图16所示，该发起设备1600可应用于如图1所示的系统中，执行上述方法实施例中发起设备的功能。
如图16所示，发起设备1600可以包括处理器1610和收发器1620，处理器1610和收发器1620相连，可选地，发起设备1600还包括存储器1630，存储器1630与处理器1610相连，进一步可选地，该发起设备1600还可以包括总线系统1640。其中，处理器1610、存储器1630和收发器1620可以通过总线系统1640相连，该存储器1630可以用于存储指令，该处理器1610可以对应处理单元1510，收发器1620可以对应收发单元1520。具体地，处理1610用于执行该存储器1630存储的指令，以控制收发器1620收发信息或信号。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，该处理器1610可以是中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，该处理器1610还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
该存储器1630可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1610提供指令和数据。存储器1630的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器1630还 可以存储设备类型的信息。
该总线系统1640除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线系统1640。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器1610中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1630，处理器1610读取存储器1630中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
应理解，图16所示的发起设备1600能够实现图4或图5方法实施例中涉及发起设备的各个过程。发起设备1600中的各个模块的操作和/或功能，分别为了实现上述方法实施例中的相应流程。具体可参见上述方法实施例中的描述，为避免重复，此处适当省略详述描述。
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种波束训练的装置的结构示意图，该装置1700可以包括：
处理单元1710和收发单元1720。
在一种实现方式中，收发单元，用于接收发起设备发送的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；接收所述发起设备通过所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号；处理单元，用于根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定反馈信息；所述收发单元还用于向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
或者，
在另一种实现方式中，收发单元，用于接收发起设备发送的第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是所述发起设备通过所述多个发射波束发送的；处理单元，用于根据所述多个参考信号确定反馈信息；所述收发单元还用于向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
具体而言，本申请实施例中，发起设备发送第一指示信息和多个参考信号，当响应设备接收到第一指示信息时，能够通过第一指示信息获得多个发射波束对应的资源。响应设备通过测量参考信号，选取参考信号最强的波束对应的资源进行信息的反馈。例如，当响应设备测得波束1发送的参考信号更强时，响应设备可在波束1对应的资源向发起设备发送反馈信息。当发起设备在波束1对应的资源采用了高增益的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息的情况下，可以弥补响应设备上行发送功率的不足，进而发起设备可以接收到响应设备发送的反馈信息，因此，本申请实施例能够解决现有技术中上行覆盖不足的问题，进而可以提高BFT的性能。
可选地，所述反馈信息用于指示所述多个发射波束中的最优发射波束。
可选地，所述收发单元具体用于使用所述最优发射波束对应的资源向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
可选地，所述发起设备接收所述反馈信息的接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的 波束的增益。
可选地，所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
可选地，所述第一指示信息包括以下信息中的至少一种：
所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
可选地，所述第一帧为扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧。
可选地，第一指示信息承载于扇区扫描帧、信标帧或方向多吉比特DMG信标帧中。
可选地，所述收发单元具体用于接收所述发起设备同时通过至少两个发射波束发送的参考信号，其中，所述至少两个发射波束中的任意两个发射波束中的参考信号序列具有低相关性、低移位相关性或者互相正交。
应理解，这里的装置1700以功能单元的形式体现。这里的术语“单元”可以指应用特有集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、电子电路、用于执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(例如共享处理器、专有处理器或组处理器等)和存储器、合并逻辑电路和/或其它支持所描述的功能的合适组件。在一个可选例子中，本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请提供的装置1700对应上述图4或5方法实施例中响应设备执行的过程，该装置中的各个单元/模块的功能可以参见上文中的描述，此处不再赘述。
应理解，图17所述的装置可以是响应设备，也可以是安装于响应设备中的芯片或集成电路。
以响应设备为例，图18为本申请实施例提供的一种响应设备的结构示意图。如图18所示，该响应设备1800可应用于如图1所示的系统中，执行上述方法实施例中响应设备的功能。
如图18所示，响应设备1800可以包括处理器1810和收发器1820，处理器1810和收发器1820相连，可选地，发起设备1800还包括存储器1830，存储器1830与处理器1810相连，进一步可选地，该发起设备1800还可以包括总线系统1840。其中，处理器1810、存储器1830和收发器1820可以通过总线系统1840相连，该存储器1830可以用于存储指令，该处理器1810可以对应处理单元1710，收发器1820可以对应收发单元1720。具体地，处理1810用于执行该存储器1830存储的指令，以控制收发器1820收发信息或信号。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，该处理器1810可以是中央处理单元，该处理器1810还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
该存储器1830可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1810提供指令和数据。存储器1830的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器1830还可以存储设备类型的信息。
该总线系统1840除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线系统1840。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器1810中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理 器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1830，处理器1810读取存储器1830中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
应理解，图18所示的发起设备1800能够实现图4或图5方法实施例中涉及响应设备的各个过程。响应设备1800中的各个模块的操作和/或功能，分别为了实现上述方法实施例中的相应流程。具体可参见上述方法实施例中的描述，为避免重复，此处适当省略详述描述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种处理装置，包括处理器和接口；所述处理器，用于执行上述任一方法实施例中的通信的方法。
应理解，上述处理装置可以是一个芯片。例如，该处理装置可以是现场可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)，可以是专用集成芯片(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，还可以是系统芯片(system on chip，SoC)，还可以是中央处理器(central processor unit，CPU)，还可以是网络处理器(network processor，NP)，还可以是数字信号处理电路(digital signal processor，DSP)，还可以是微控制器(micro controller unit，MCU)，还可以是可编程控制器(programmable logic device，PLD)或其他集成芯片。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
应注意，本发明实施例中的处理器可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated crcuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
可以理解，本发明实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM， EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
本申请实施例还提供一种通信系统，其包括前述的发起设备和响应设备。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被计算机执行时实现上述任一方法实施例中的波束赋形训练的方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品被计算机执行时实现上述任一方法实施例中的波束赋形训练的方法。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，高密度数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如，固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD))等。
应理解，上文中描述了通信系统中下行传输时通信的方法，但本申请并不限于此，可选地，在上行传输时也可以采用上文类似的方案，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。
上述各个装置实施例中网络设备与终端设备和方法实施例中的网络设备或终端设备完全对应，由相应的模块或单元执行相应的步骤，例如发送模块(发射器)方法执行方法实施例中发送的步骤，接收模块(接收器)执行方法实施例中接收的步骤，除发送接收外的其它步骤可以由处理模块(处理器)执行。具体模块的功能可以参考相应的方法实施例。发送模块和接收模块可以组成收发模块，发射器和接收器可以组成收发器，共同实现收发功能；处理器可以为一个或多个。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a,b,或c 中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a,b,c,a-b,a-c,b-c,或a-b-c，其中a,b,c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”或“一实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
在本说明书中使用的术语“部件”、“模块”、“系统”等用于表示计算机相关的实体、硬件、固件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，部件可以是但不限于，在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序和/或计算机。通过图示，在计算设备上运行的应用和计算设备都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可驻留在进程和/或执行线程中，部件可位于一个计算机上和/或分布在2个或更多个计算机之间。此外，这些部件可从在上面存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。部件可例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统和/或网络间的另一部件交互的二个部件的数据，例如通过信号与其它系统交互的互联网)的信号通过本地和/或远程进程来通信。
还应理解，本文中涉及的第一、第二、第三、第四以及各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围。
应理解，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各种说明性逻辑块(illustrative logical block)和步骤(step)，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各 个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令(程序)。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令(程序)时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘solid state disk(SSD))等。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种波束赋形训练的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    发起设备发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；
    所述发起设备通过所述各个发射波束发送参考信号；
    所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定的。
  2. 一种波束赋形训练的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    发起设备发送第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是所述发起设备通过所述多个发射波束发送的；
    所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述发起设备发送的所述多个参考信号确定的。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，包括：
    所述发起设备在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上使用与所述各个发射波束对应的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息；
    其中，一个发射波束对应的接收波束满足以下条件中的至少一种：
    一个发射波束对应的接收波束与所述一个发射波束具有互易性；
    一个发射波束对应的接收波束的覆盖角度范围包括所述一个发射波束的覆盖角度范围；
    一个发射波束对应的接收波束的天线与所述一个发射波束的天线之间的距离满足预设距离条件。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一指示信息包括以下信息中的至少一种：
    所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
  7. 一种波束赋形训练的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    响应设备接收发起设备发送的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；
    所述响应设备接收所述发起设备通过所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号；
    所述响应设备根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定反馈信息；
    所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
  8. 一种波束赋形训练的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    响应设备接收发起设备发送的第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是所述发起设备通过所述多个发射波束发送的；
    所述响应设备根据所述多个参考信号确定反馈信息；
    所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述响应设备向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息，包括：
    所述响应设备使用最优发射波束对应的资源向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
  10. 根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述发起设备接收所述反馈信息的接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  11. 根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  12. 根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一指示信息包括以下信息中的至少一种：
    所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
  13. 一种波束赋形训练的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元和处理单元；
    所述处理单元用于控制所述收发单元发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；
    通过所述各个发射波束发送参考信号；
    在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定的。
  14. 一种波束赋形训练的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元和处理单元；
    所述处理单元用于控制所述收发单元发送第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是通过所述多个发射波束发送的；
    在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上检测响应设备发送的反馈信息，所述反馈信息是所述响应设备根据所述多个参考信号确定的。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元具体用于在所述各个发射波束对应的资源上使用与所述各个发射波束对应的接收波束检测响应设备发送的反馈信息；
    其中，一个发射波束对应的接收波束满足以下条件中的至少一种：
    一个发射波束对应的接收波束与所述一个发射波束具有互易性；
    一个发射波束对应的接收波束的覆盖角度范围包括所述一个发射波束的覆盖角度范围；
    一个发射波束对应的接收波束的天线与所述一个发射波束的天线之间的距离满足预设距离条件。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  17. 根据权利要求13至16中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  18. 根据权利要求13至17中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一指示信息包括以下信息中的至少一种：
    所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
  19. 一种波束赋形训练的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于接收发起设备发送的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源；
    接收所述发起设备通过所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号；
    处理单元，用于根据所述各个发射波束发送的参考信号确定反馈信息；
    所述收发单元还用于向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
  20. 一种波束赋形训练的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于接收发起设备发送的第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一指示信息和多个参考信号，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述发起设备的多个发射波束中各个发射波束对应的资源，所述资源包括时域资源和/或频域资源，所述多个参考信号是所述发起设备通过所述多个发射波束发送的；
    处理单元，用于根据所述多个参考信号确定反馈信息；
    所述收发单元还用于向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元具体用于使用最优发射波束对应的资源向所述发起设备发送所述反馈信息。
  22. 根据权利要求19至21中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述发起设备接收所述反馈信息的接收波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  23. 根据权利要求19至22中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述发射波束的增益高于发送第一指示信息的波束的增益。
  24. 根据权利要求19至23中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一指示信息包括以下信息中的至少一种：
    所述各个发射波束的指示信息、所述时域资源的起始时间、所述时域资源的持续时长、 所述时域资源对应的时隙信息、所述频域资源的起始频点、所述频域资源的频域宽度、所述频域资源对应的信道编号。
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