WO2020015475A1 - 在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的方法 - Google Patents

在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020015475A1
WO2020015475A1 PCT/CN2019/090575 CN2019090575W WO2020015475A1 WO 2020015475 A1 WO2020015475 A1 WO 2020015475A1 CN 2019090575 W CN2019090575 W CN 2019090575W WO 2020015475 A1 WO2020015475 A1 WO 2020015475A1
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metal
metal sample
drying
graphene oxide
ultrasonic cleaning
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
海正银
田国新
许倩
辛长胜
杨素亮
王辉
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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Priority to US17/260,340 priority Critical patent/US20210292906A1/en
Priority to KR1020217002310A priority patent/KR102464850B1/ko
Priority to JP2021501037A priority patent/JP7096422B2/ja
Priority to EP19837478.7A priority patent/EP3812482A4/en
Publication of WO2020015475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015475A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/082—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1637—Composition of the substrate metallic substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/029—After-treatment with microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
    • B05D3/102—Pretreatment of metallic substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182—Graphene
    • C01B32/184—Preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1655—Process features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
    • C23C18/1806—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
    • C23G1/19—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
    • C23G1/20—Other heavy metals
    • C23G1/205—Other heavy metals refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C23G5/024—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the disclosure belongs to the technical field of reactor engineering, and particularly relates to a process for preparing a graphene coating on a metal surface.
  • an anti-corrosion coating zirconium alloy coating
  • the preparation of an anti-corrosion coating (zirconium alloy coating) on the surface of a reactor fuel cladding is one of the important directions for the development of high-performance fuel cladding, but there is currently no reliable technical means to prepare the anti-corrosion coating.
  • Graphene is a new two-dimensional material with excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Applying graphene to metal surfaces to prepare protective coatings has good application prospects.
  • a method for preparing a graphene protective layer on a metal surface mainly adopts a chemical vapor deposition method, which has high temperature, inconvenient operation, and sometimes causes side reactions. For example, if a coating is prepared on the inner wall of a zirconium alloy, the chemical vapor deposition method needs to introduce hydrogen as a reaction condition, which will cause severe hydrogen embrittlement of the zirconium alloy. Therefore, a new method is needed to avoid this defect.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for coating graphene on a metal surface, especially on a zirconium alloy, a titanium alloy, or an austenitic stainless steel surface.
  • the method has the advantages of simple operation and coating without introducing hydrogen Beneficial effect of good compactness and strong combination of coating and substrate.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a graphene coating on a metal surface.
  • the method includes: pretreating a metal surface of a metal sample; and using a graphene oxide aqueous solution to pretreat the metal surface.
  • the metal sample is immersed, sprayed or brushed so that the graphene oxide aqueous solution covers the inner and outer surfaces of the metal sample; the metal sample covered with the graphene oxide aqueous solution is baked and dried; the baked and dried metal sample is subjected to microwave reduction treatment; taken out After the metal sample is subjected to the microwave reduction treatment, the metal sample is washed with a cleaning agent to obtain a metal coated with a graphene coating on the surface.
  • pretreating the metal surface of the metal sample includes: immersing and ultrasonic cleaning the metal surface with a solvent, wherein the solvent includes one or more of acetone, ethanol, deionized water, ultrapure water, and an alkaline solution.
  • a solvent includes one or more of acetone, ethanol, deionized water, ultrapure water, and an alkaline solution.
  • the solvent includes ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution
  • immersing and ultrasonic cleaning the metal surface with the solvent includes: immersing the metal surface with the ethanol solution for the first ultrasonic cleaning; immersing the metal surface with the potassium hydroxide solution for the first ultrasonic cleaning After the metal surface was subjected to a second ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 0.1 to 10 mol / L.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 0.8 to 1.5 mol / L.
  • the above-mentioned solvent includes ethanol and sodium hydroxide solution.
  • Soaking the metal surface with the solvent and ultrasonic cleaning include: soaking the metal surface with the ethanol solution for the first ultrasonic cleaning; soaking the first ultrasonic cleaning with the sodium hydroxide solution. After the metal surface was subjected to a second ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1 to 10 mol / L.
  • the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.8 to 1.5 mol / L.
  • the number of graphene layers in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1 to 100, and the mass fraction is 0.1 to 10% by weight.
  • the number of graphene layers in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1 to 10, and the mass fraction is 0.5 to 1.5 wt%.
  • the soaking time for immersing the metal sample on which the metal surface has been pretreated with the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 20-100 minutes.
  • the drying temperature is 40 to 150 ° C.
  • the drying time is 30 minutes to 72 hours
  • the drying environment is air, low pressure or inert gas protection environment.
  • the drying temperature is 80 ° C.
  • the drying time is 2 to 4 hours
  • the drying environment is a low pressure, wherein the low pressure range is 0.1 Pa or less.
  • the reducing agent in the microwave reduction treatment is ascorbic acid, hydrazine, sodium hydrogen borate or hydroiodic acid;
  • the microwave power range is 500-1000W, the reduction temperature is 60-190 ° C, and the reduction time is 10 minutes to 1 hour;
  • the microwave reduction treatment of the metal sample after baking and drying includes: placing the metal sample after baking and drying in a container containing a reducing agent, and placing the container in a microwave device to perform microwave reduction.
  • the reduction temperature is 90 to 150 ° C.
  • the reduction time is 90 minutes
  • the reducing agent is an ascorbic acid aqueous solution.
  • the cleaning agent includes one or more of water, ethanol, and acetone.
  • the metal sample includes a zirconium alloy, a titanium alloy, or an austenitic stainless steel.
  • the shape of the metal sample includes a tube shape or a sheet shape.
  • the method provided by the present invention is used to coat the surface of a metal sample, which avoids the disadvantages of high temperature, inconvenient operation, and complicated equipment caused by the traditional chemical vapor deposition of graphene coating, and particularly avoids the use of chemical vapor deposition on zirconium alloys. Hydrogen embrittlement caused by the introduction of hydrogen when preparing graphene coatings on the surface.
  • the graphene-coated metal prepared by the method provided by the present invention has an improved resistance to high temperature oxidation (corrosion) of about 30% to 60%, and there is no significant change in performance when irradiated with 35keV electron beam for 2 hours.
  • the graphene coating prepared by the method provided by the invention has good uniformity (thickness non-uniformity of less than 10%), good compactness (under the transmission electron microscope, no defects such as holes), and good bonding with the metal substrate (using High temperature water immersion, filter paper wiping and other methods can not peel off the coating. Only grinding with sandpaper and destroying the substrate can destroy the advantages of the coating), so it can ensure the firmness between the coating and the metal substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the corrosion protection performance of a graphene coating prepared on a stainless steel surface by the method provided by the present invention.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a graphene coating on a metal surface.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 2 Select 1 to 100 layers of graphene oxide aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.1 to 10 wt% to soak, spray or hang the pretreated metal in step 1, so that the graphene oxide aqueous solution completely covers the metal sample.
  • a mass fraction of 0.1 to 10 wt% to soak, spray or hang the pretreated metal in step 1, so that the graphene oxide aqueous solution completely covers the metal sample.
  • Step 3 baking drying the graphene oxide-coated metal obtained in step 2;
  • Step 4 The metal obtained in step 3 is subjected to microwave reduction treatment, wherein the reducing agent is ascorbic acid, hydrazine, sodium hydrogen borate or hydroiodic acid, and the reducing agent is excessive; the microwave power range is 500-1000W, and the reduction temperature is 60-190. °C, the reduction time is 10 minutes to 1 hour;
  • Step 5 Take out the microwave-reduced metal obtained in step 4 and wash it with a cleaning agent to obtain a graphene-coated metal.
  • the solvent in step 1 may be one or more of acetone, ethanol, deionized water, ultrapure water, and an alkaline solution.
  • the solvent in step 1 is an ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution
  • the cleaning sequence is first soaking with an ethanol solution, performing a first ultrasonic cleaning, and then soaking with a potassium hydroxide solution, performing a second ultrasonic cleaning to Remove surface oil and impurities.
  • the solvent in step 1 is ethanol and sodium hydroxide solution
  • the cleaning sequence is first soaking with the ethanol solution, performing the first ultrasonic cleaning, and then soaking with the sodium hydroxide solution, performing the second ultrasonic cleaning to Remove surface oil and impurities.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 0.1-10 mol / L.
  • the concentration is preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mol / L.
  • the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-10 mol / L.
  • the concentration is preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mol / L.
  • the number of graphene oxide layers is 1 to 10, and the mass fraction is 0.5 to 1.5 wt%.
  • the immersion time described in step 2 is 20-100 minutes.
  • the drying temperature is 40 to 150 ° C.
  • the drying time is 30 minutes to 72 hours
  • the drying environment is air, low pressure or inert gas protection environment.
  • the drying temperature is 80 ° C. and the drying is performed at a low pressure for 2 to 4 hours, wherein the low pressure range is 0.1 Pa or less.
  • the specific process of the microwave reduction treatment in step 4 is that the metal sample obtained in step 3 is placed in a container containing a reducing agent, and the container is placed in a microwave device to perform microwave reduction.
  • the microwave reduction temperature in step 4 is 90-150 ° C
  • the reduction time is 90 minutes
  • the reducing agent is an ascorbic acid aqueous solution.
  • the cleaning agent in step 5 is one or more of water, ethanol or acetone.
  • the metal sample is a zirconium alloy, a titanium alloy, or an austenitic stainless steel.
  • the shape of the metal sample is a tube, a sheet, or other shapes.
  • a method for applying a graphene coating on a metal surface includes the following steps:
  • a solvent is used to immerse and clean the inner and outer surfaces of the metal sample to remove surface impurities and oil stains;
  • the solvent may be one or more of acetone, ethanol, deionized water, ultrapure water, and alkaline solution.
  • the solvent can remove impurities and oil stains on the inner and outer surfaces of the metal, so that the graphene oxide can be better adsorbed on the inner and outer surfaces of the metal sample.
  • Step 2 Select 1 to 10 layers of graphene oxide aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 1.5 wt% to soak the metal sample obtained in step 1 for 20 minutes, so that the graphene oxide aqueous solution completely covers the inner and outer surfaces of the metal sample.
  • Step 3 Bake and dry the graphene oxide-coated metal sample obtained in step 2.
  • the drying temperature is 90 ° C.
  • the drying time is 24 hours
  • the drying environment is an inert gas protection environment. At this temperature and drying time, the aqueous solution on the surface of the metal sample is completely evaporated.
  • Step 4 The metal sample obtained in step 3 is subjected to microwave reduction treatment.
  • the specific operation is that the metal sample obtained in step 3 is placed in a container containing a reducing agent, and the container is placed in a microwave device to perform microwave reduction.
  • the reducing agent is ascorbic acid, and the reducing agent is excessive.
  • the microwave power range is 500W, the reduction temperature is 80 ° C, and the reduction time is 2 hours. This step is very important. Compared with the microwave reduction method without reducing agent, this step is in the reducing agent. Under the action of microwaves, graphene can be tightly combined with metal substrates.
  • Step 5 Take out the microwave-reduced metal sample obtained in step 4 and wash it with a cleaning agent to obtain a metal sample coated with a graphene protective coating; the cleaning agents are water, ethanol, and acetone.
  • the metal in this embodiment is a zirconium alloy and the shape is tubular.
  • the resistance to high temperature oxidation (corrosion) of the graphene-coated tubular zirconium alloy prepared by this example was increased by about 50%; there was no significant change in performance after 2 hours of 35keV electron beam irradiation.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good uniformity, and the thickness unevenness is 8%.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good compactness, and there are no obvious defects such as holes under the transmission electron microscope.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good bonding with the metal substrate, and the coating cannot be peeled off by methods such as high temperature water soaking and filter paper wiping. The coating can only be damaged if it is polished with sandpaper and the substrate is destroyed.
  • step 1 the solvent in step 1 is ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution, and the cleaning sequence is first soaked with an ethanol solution for 60 minutes, ultrasonically cleaned, and then soaked with a potassium hydroxide solution, and ultrasonically cleaned. To remove surface oil and impurities. This step 1 completely removes the oil and impurities on the surface, which ensures that the graphene coating is successfully applied, and the thickness unevenness of the coating is less than 5%.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 0.1 mol / L.
  • step 2 a graphene oxide aqueous solution with a number of layers of 20 to 50 and a mass fraction of 10 wt% is used to spray metal samples.
  • the drying temperature in step 3 is 40 ° C., the drying time is 72 hours, and the drying environment is a low-pressure protected environment of 0.05 Pa.
  • the reducing agent is hydrazine
  • the microwave power range is 800 W
  • the reduction temperature is 60 ° C.
  • the reduction time is 3 hours.
  • the cleaning agent in step 5 is ethanol.
  • the solvent in step 1 is an ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution
  • the cleaning sequence is first soaked with an ethanol solution for 40 minutes and ultrasonically cleaned, and then the potassium hydroxide solution is soaked and ultrasonically cleaned.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 0.8 mol / L.
  • a graphene oxide aqueous solution with a layer number of 50 to 100 layers and a mass fraction of 0.1 wt% is used to coat the metal sample by a hanging brush method.
  • the drying temperature is 150 ° C
  • the drying time is 30 minutes
  • the drying environment is air.
  • the reducing agent is sodium hydrogen borate
  • the reducing agent is ascorbic acid, hydrazine, sodium hydrogen borate or hydroiodic acid
  • the microwave power range is 1000 W
  • the reduction temperature is 190 ° C
  • the reduction time is 10 minutes.
  • the cleaning agent in step (5) is acetone.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the solvent in step 1 is ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution, and the cleaning sequence is soaking with ethanol solution and ultrasonic cleaning, and then using potassium hydroxide solution soaking and ultrasonic cleaning to remove Oil and impurities on the surface.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 1.5 mol / L.
  • the reducing agent in step 4 is hydroiodic acid, and the cleaning agent in step 5 is water.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the solvent in step 1 is ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution, and the cleaning sequence is soaking with ethanol solution and ultrasonic cleaning, and then using potassium hydroxide solution soaking and ultrasonic cleaning to remove Oil and impurities on the surface.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 10 mol / L.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the solvent in step 1 is ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution, and the cleaning sequence is soaking with ethanol solution and ultrasonic cleaning, and then using potassium hydroxide solution soaking and ultrasonic cleaning to remove Oil and impurities on the surface.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 1.5 mol / L.
  • step 1 the solvent in step 1 is ethanol and sodium hydroxide solution
  • the cleaning sequence is soaking with ethanol solution and ultrasonic cleaning, and then using sodium hydroxide solution soaking and ultrasonic cleaning to remove Oil and impurities on the surface.
  • concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 1.5 mol / L.
  • step 2 a graphene oxide aqueous solution with a number of layers of 50 to 100 and a mass fraction of 0.1 wt% is immersed in a metal sample for 50 minutes to coat the graphene on the inner and outer surfaces of the metal.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the solvent in step 1 is ethanol and sodium hydroxide solution, and the cleaning sequence is soaking with ethanol solution and ultrasonic cleaning, and then using sodium hydroxide solution soaking and ultrasonic cleaning to remove Oil and impurities on the surface.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 0.8 mol / L.
  • a method for applying a graphene coating on a metal surface includes the following steps:
  • a solvent is used to immerse and clean the inner and outer surfaces of the metal sample to remove surface impurities and oil stains;
  • the solvent may be one or more of acetone, ethanol, deionized water, ultrapure water, and alkaline solution.
  • Step 2 Select 1 to 10 layers of graphene oxide aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 5% by weight to soak the metal sample described in step 1 for 40 minutes, spray or hang the brush so that the graphene oxide aqueous solution completely covers the metal sample. Inner and outer surface.
  • Step 3 The graphene oxide-coated metal sample obtained in step 2 is baked and dried; the drying temperature is 100 ° C, the drying time is 30 hours, and the drying environment is an inert gas protection environment.
  • Step 4 The metal sample obtained in step 3 is subjected to microwave reduction treatment.
  • the specific operation is that the metal sample obtained in step 3 is placed in a container containing a reducing agent, and the container is placed in a microwave device to perform microwave reduction.
  • the reducing agent is ascorbic acid and the reducing agent is excessive; the microwave power range is 800W, the reduction temperature is 90 ° C, and the reduction time is 2 hours.
  • Step 5 Take out the microwave-reduced metal sample obtained in step 4 and wash it with a cleaning agent to obtain a metal sample coated with a graphene protective coating; the cleaning agent is water, ethanol, and acetone.
  • the metal in this embodiment is austenitic stainless steel, and the shape is tubular.
  • the high temperature oxidation (corrosion) resistance of the tubular austenitic stainless steel with the graphene coating prepared in this embodiment is improved by about 45%.
  • the quality of the coating increases due to oxidation and the like with the prolonged exposure to high temperature and corrosive environment when there is no graphene coating; the phenomenon can be effectively improved with the coating;
  • Graphite-coated tubular austenitic stainless steel showed no significant change in performance after 35 keV electron beam irradiation for 2 hours.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good uniformity, and the thickness unevenness is 8%.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good compactness, and there are no obvious defects such as holes under the transmission electron microscope.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good bonding with the metal substrate.
  • the coating cannot be peeled off by high-temperature water immersion or filter paper wiping. The coating can only be damaged if it is polished with sandpaper and the substrate is destroyed.
  • a method for applying a graphene coating on a metal surface includes the following steps:
  • the solvent is used to soak and ultrasonically clean the inner and outer surfaces of the metal sample to remove surface impurities and oil stains;
  • the solvent is ethanol and potassium hydroxide solution, and the cleaning sequence is to first soak with the ethanol solution, ultrasonically clean, and then use the potassium hydroxide solution Immersion, ultrasonic cleaning to remove surface oil and impurities.
  • the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 1.5 mol / L.
  • Step 2 Select 1 to 10 layers of graphene oxide aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 3 wt% to soak the metal sample described in step 1 for 40 minutes, spray or hang the brush so that the graphene oxide aqueous solution completely covers the metal sample. Inner and outer surface.
  • Step 3 Bake and dry the graphene oxide-coated metal sample obtained in step 2.
  • the drying temperature is 100 ° C.
  • the drying time is 30 hours
  • the drying environment is an inert gas protection environment.
  • Step 4 The metal sample obtained in step 3 is subjected to microwave reduction treatment.
  • the specific operation is that the metal sample obtained in step 3 is placed in a container containing a reducing agent, and the container is placed in a microwave device to perform microwave reduction.
  • the reducing agent is ascorbic acid and the reducing agent is excessive; the microwave power range is 800W, the reduction temperature is 90 ° C, and the reduction time is 2 hours.
  • Step 5 Take out the microwave-reduced metal sample obtained in step 4 and wash it with a cleaning agent to obtain a metal sample coated with a graphene protective coating; the cleaning agent is water, ethanol, and acetone.
  • the metal is a titanium alloy, and the shape is a sheet.
  • the high-temperature oxidation (corrosion) resistance of the graphene-coated sheet-shaped titanium alloy prepared by this example was improved by about 60%; there was no significant change in performance after 2 hours of 35keV electron beam irradiation.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good uniformity, and the thickness unevenness is 6%.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good compactness, and there are no obvious defects such as holes under the transmission electron microscope.
  • the prepared graphene coating has good bonding with the metal substrate.
  • the coating cannot be peeled off by high-temperature water immersion or filter paper wiping. The coating can only be damaged if it is polished with sandpaper to break the substrate.

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Abstract

一种在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的方法，包括预处理金属样品的金属表面；采用氧化石墨烯水溶液对预处理了金属表面的金属样品进行浸泡、喷涂或挂刷，使氧化石墨烯水溶液覆盖金属样品的内外表面；烘烤干燥覆盖氧化石墨烯水溶液的金属样品；对烘烤干燥后的金属样品进行微波还原处理；取出进行微波还原处理后的金属样品，用清洗剂清洗金属样品，得到涂覆了石墨烯涂层的金属。

Description

在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的方法 技术领域
本公开属于反应堆工程技术领域，具体涉及一种在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的工艺。
背景技术
随着国民经济的发展，核电设备、高铁、航空设备、航天设备及电子元器件等高技术装备和精密设备的腐蚀，已经成为影响设备性能，制约设备经济性和安全性的主要因素。在材料表面制备涂层，可以抑制材料的腐蚀、提升材料的耐温性能。但目前，涂层的制备具有制备设备复杂、制备成本高及环境危害大等劣势，且目前制备的涂层若在苛刻环境下长期使用会存在性能差的缺陷。比如在反应堆燃料包壳表面制备防腐蚀涂层(锆合金涂层)，是高性能燃料包壳发展的重要方向之一，但目前还没有可靠的技术手段来制备该防腐蚀涂层。
石墨烯是一种新型的二维材料，具有优异的耐磨损和抗腐蚀性能，将石墨烯应用于金属表面制备防护涂层，具有良好的应用前景。目前在金属表面制备石墨烯防护层的方法主要采用化学气相沉积法，该方法温度高、操作不便、有时还会引起副反应。比如，若在锆合金内壁制备涂层，利用化学气相沉积法需要引入氢气作为反应条件，会引起锆合金的严重氢脆。因此需要寻求一种能避免此缺陷的新方法。
发明内容
根据现有技术存在的问题，本公开提供了一种在金属表面尤其是在锆合金、钛合金、奥氏体不锈钢表面涂覆石墨烯的方法，该方法具有无需引入氢气、操作简单、涂层致密性好、涂层与基体结合牢固的有益效果。
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本公开提供了一种在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的方法，该方法包括：预处理金属样品的金属表面；采用氧化石墨烯水溶液对预处理了金属表面的金属样品进行浸泡、喷涂或挂刷，使氧化石墨烯水溶液覆盖所述金属样品的内外表面；烘烤干燥覆盖氧化石墨烯水溶液的金属样品；对烘烤干燥后的金属样品进行微波还原处理；取出进行微波还原处理后的金属样品，用清洗剂清洗所述金属样品，得到表面涂 覆了石墨烯涂层的金属。
优选地，预处理金属样品的金属表面包括：用溶剂对金属表面进行浸泡和超声清洗，其中，溶剂包括丙酮、乙醇、去离子水、超纯水和碱性溶液中的一种或多种。
优选地，上述溶剂包括乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，用溶剂对金属表面进行浸泡和超声清洗包括：用乙醇溶液浸泡金属表面，进行第一次超声清洗；用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡第一次超声清洗后的金属表面，进行第二次超声清洗。
优选地，上述氢氧化钾溶液的浓度为0.1～10mol/L。
优选地，上述氢氧化钾溶液的浓度为0.8～1.5mol/L。
优选地，上述溶剂包括乙醇和氢氧化钠溶液，用溶剂对金属表面进行浸泡和超声清洗包括：用乙醇溶液浸泡金属表面，进行第一次超声清洗；用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡第一次超声清洗后的金属表面，进行第二次超声清洗。
优选地，上述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1～10mol/L。
优选地，上述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.8～1.5mol/L。
优选地，上述氧化石墨烯水溶液中石墨烯的层数为1～100层，质量分数为0.1～10wt％。
优选地，上述氧化石墨烯水溶液中石墨烯的层数为1～10层，质量分数为0.5～1.5wt％。
优选地，采用氧化石墨烯水溶液对预处理了金属表面的金属样品进行浸泡的浸泡时间为20-100分钟。
优选地，烘烤干燥覆盖氧化石墨烯水溶液的金属样品时，干燥温度为40～150℃，干燥时间为30分钟～72小时，干燥环境为空气、低压或者惰性气体保护环境。
优选地，烘烤干燥覆盖氧化石墨烯水溶液的金属样品时，干燥温度为80℃，干燥时间为2～4小时，干燥环境为低压，其中，低压范围为0.1Pa以下。
优选地，进行微波还原处理时的还原剂为抗坏血酸、肼、硼酸氢钠或氢碘酸；微波功率范围为500～1000W，还原温度为60～190℃，还原时间为10分钟～1小时；对烘烤干燥后的所述金属样品进行微波还原处理包括：将烘烤干燥后的金属样品置入盛有还原剂的容器中，并将所述容器放入微 波装置中进行微波还原。
优选地，进行微波还原处理时还原的温度为90～150℃，还原时间为90分钟，还原剂为抗坏血酸水溶液。
优选地，上述清洗剂包括水、乙醇和丙酮中的一种或几种。
优选地，上述金属样品包括锆合金、钛合金或奥氏体不锈钢。
优选地，上述金属样品的形状包括管状或片状。
采用本发明提供的方法对金属样品表面进行涂覆，避免了传统的化学气相沉积石墨烯涂层带来的温度高、操作不便、装置复杂等弊端，尤其避免了利用化学气相沉积法在锆合金表面制备石墨烯涂层时需要引入氢气而带来的氢脆现象。采用本发明提供的方法制备的具有石墨烯涂层的金属，耐高温氧化(腐蚀)性能提升约30％～60％，在35keV电子束辐照2小时，性能无明显变化。采用本发明提供的方法制备得到的石墨烯涂层具有均匀性好(厚度不均匀性小于10％)、致密性好(在透射电镜下，无孔洞等缺陷)、与金属基体结合性好(采用高温水浸泡、滤纸擦拭等方法均不能将涂层剥离，只有用砂纸打磨，将基体破坏，才能破坏涂层)的优点，因此可以确保涂层与金属基体间的牢固性。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是采用本发明提供的方法在不锈钢表面制备的石墨烯涂层的腐蚀防护性能示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的方法，该方法包括以下几个步骤：
步骤1、金属表面预处理
用溶剂对金属表面进行浸泡和超声清洗，以去除表面杂质和油污；
步骤2、选用层数为1～100层，质量分数为0.1～10wt％的氧化石墨烯水溶液对步骤1中预处理后的金属进行浸泡、喷涂或挂刷，使氧化石墨烯水溶液完全覆盖金属样品内外表面；
步骤3、对步骤2得到的涂覆氧化石墨烯后的金属进行烘烤干燥；
步骤4、对步骤3得到的金属进行微波还原处理，其中，还原剂为抗坏血酸、肼、硼酸氢钠或氢碘酸，且还原剂过量；微波功率范围为500～1000W，还原温度为60～190℃，还原时间为10分钟～1小时；
步骤5、将步骤4中得到的微波还原后的金属取出，用清洗剂清洗后即可得到涂覆了石墨烯涂层的金属。
优选地，步骤1中所述溶剂可以是丙酮、乙醇、去离子水、超纯水、碱性溶液中的一种或多种。
优选地，步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡，进行第一次超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡，进行第二次超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。
优选地，步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钠溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡，进行第一次超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡，进行第二次超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。
优选地，所述氢氧化钾溶液的浓度为0.1～10mol/L。该浓度优选为0.8～1.5mol/L。
优选地，所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1～10mol/L。该浓度优选为0.8～1.5mol/L。
优选地，所述氧化石墨烯层数为1～10层，质量分数为0.5～1.5wt％。
优选地，步骤2中所述的浸泡，其浸泡时间为20-100分钟。
优选地，步骤3中所述的干燥，干燥温度为40～150℃，干燥时间为30分钟～72小时，干燥环境为空气、低压或者惰性气体保护环境。
优选地，步骤3中所述的干燥，干燥温度为80℃，低压干燥2～4小时， 其中低压范围为0.1Pa以下。
优选地，步骤4中所述微波还原处理的具体过程为将步骤3得到的金属样品置入盛有还原剂的容器，并将该容器放入微波装置中进行微波还原。
优选地，步骤4中所述微波还原的温度为90～150℃，还原时间为90分钟，还原剂为抗坏血酸水溶液。
优选地，步骤5中所述清洗剂为水、乙醇或丙酮中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述金属样品为锆合金、钛合金或奥氏体不锈钢。
优选地，所述金属样品的形状为管状、片状或其他形状。
以下通过具体实施例对本发明提供的方法进行详细描述。
实施例1
一种在金属表面涂覆石墨烯涂层的方法，该方法包括以下几个步骤：
步骤1、金属表面预处理
用溶剂对金属样品的内外表面进行浸泡和超声清洗，以去除表面杂质和油污；所述溶剂可以是丙酮、乙醇、去离子水、超纯水、碱性溶液中的一种或多种。利用溶剂可清除金属内外表面的杂质和油污，便于氧化石墨烯较好地吸附在金属样品的内外表面。
步骤2、选用层数为1～10层，质量分数为1.5wt％的氧化石墨烯水溶液对步骤1中得到的金属样品进行浸泡20分钟，使氧化石墨烯水溶液完全覆盖金属样品的内外表面。
步骤3、对步骤2得到的氧化石墨烯涂覆后的金属样品进行烘烤干燥；其干燥温度为90℃，干燥时间为24小时，干燥环境为惰性气体保护环境。在此温度和干燥时间下，使得金属样品表面的水溶液完全挥发。
步骤4、对步骤3得到的金属样品进行微波还原处理，具体操作是将步骤3得到的金属样品置入盛有还原剂的容器，并将该容器放入微波装置中进行微波还原。还原剂为抗坏血酸，且还原剂过量；微波功率范围为500W，还原温度为80℃，还原时间为2小时；此步骤至关重要，相对于不加还原剂的微波还原方式，此步骤在还原剂及微波的作用下能够使石墨烯与金属基体紧密的结合在一起。
步骤5、将步骤4中得到的微波还原后的金属样品取出，用清洗剂清 洗后即可得到涂覆了石墨烯防护涂层的金属样品；所述清洗剂为水、乙醇和丙酮。
其中，本实施例中金属为锆合金，形状为管状。经试验检测，采用该实施例制备的带有石墨烯涂层的管状锆合金的耐高温氧化(腐蚀)性能提升约50％；在35keV电子束辐照2小时，性能无明显变化。制备得到的石墨烯涂层均匀性好，厚度不均匀性为8％。制备得到的石墨烯涂层致密性好，在透射电镜下，无明显的孔洞等缺陷。制备得到的石墨烯涂层与金属基体结合性好，采用高温水浸泡、滤纸擦拭等方法均不能将涂层剥离，只有用砂纸打磨，将基体破坏，才能破坏涂层。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是，所述步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡60分钟、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。该步骤1对表面油污和杂质的去除非常彻底，确保了石墨烯涂层涂覆成功，涂层厚度不均匀性小于5％。所述氢氧化钾的浓度为0.1mol/L。所述步骤2中选用的是层数为20～50层，质量分数为10wt％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，对金属样品进行喷涂。步骤3中的干燥温度为40℃，干燥时间为72小时，干燥环境为0.05Pa的低压保护环境。步骤4中还原剂为肼，微波功率范围为800W，还原温度为60℃，还原时间为3小时。步骤5中所述清洗剂为乙醇。
实施例3
与实施例1不同的是，所述步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡40分钟、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。其中，所述氢氧化钾的浓度为0.8mol/L。所述步骤2中选用的是层数为50～100层，质量分数为0.1wt％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，对金属样品进行挂刷方式的涂覆。步骤3中干燥温度为150℃，干燥时间为30分钟，干燥环境为空气。步骤4中还原剂为硼酸氢钠，还原剂为抗坏血酸、肼、硼酸氢钠或氢碘酸，微波功率范围为1000W，还原温度为190℃，还原时间为10分钟。步骤(5)中所述清洗 剂为丙酮。
实施例4
与实施例1不同的是，所述步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。所述氢氧化钾的浓度为1.5mol/L。步骤4中还原剂为氢碘酸，步骤5中所述清洗剂为水。
实施例5
与实施例1不同的是，所述步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。其中，所述氢氧化钾的浓度为10mol/L。
实施例6
与实施例1不同的是，所述步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。其中，所述氢氧化钾的浓度为1.5mol/L。
实施例7
与实施例1不同的是，所述步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钠溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。其中，所述氢氧化钾的浓度为1.5mol/L。所述步骤2中选用的为层数为50～100层，质量分数为0.1wt％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，对金属样品浸泡50分钟以使石墨烯涂覆在金属内外表面。
实施例8
与实施例1不同的是，所述步骤1中所述溶剂为乙醇和氢氧化钠溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。其中，所述氢氧化钾的浓度为0.8mol/L。
实施例9
一种在金属表面涂覆石墨烯涂层的方法，该方法包括以下几个步骤：
步骤1、金属表面预处理
用溶剂对金属样品的内外表面进行浸泡和超声清洗，以去除表面杂质和油污；所述溶剂可以是丙酮、乙醇、去离子水、超纯水、碱性溶液中的一种或多种。
步骤2、选用层数为1～10层，质量分数为5wt％的氧化石墨烯水溶液对步骤1中所述的金属样品进行浸泡40分钟、喷涂或挂刷，使氧化石墨烯水溶液完全覆盖金属样品的内外表面。
步骤3、对步骤2中得到的氧化石墨烯涂覆后的金属样品进行烘烤干燥；其干燥温度为100℃，干燥时间为30小时，干燥环境为惰性气体保护环境。
步骤4、对步骤3得到的金属样品进行微波还原处理，具体操作是将步骤3得到的金属样品置入盛有还原剂的容器，并将该容器放入微波装置中进行微波还原。还原剂为抗坏血酸，且还原剂过量；微波功率范围为800W，还原温度为90℃，还原时间为2小时。
步骤5、将步骤4中得到的微波还原后的金属样品取出，用清洗剂清洗后即可得到涂覆了石墨烯防护涂层的金属样品；所述清洗剂为水、乙醇和丙酮。
其中，本实施例中金属为奥氏体不锈钢，形状为管状。经试验检测，采用该实施例制备的带有石墨烯涂层的管状奥氏体不锈钢的耐高温氧化(腐蚀)性能提升约45％。如图1所示，无石墨烯涂层时随着暴露在高温、腐蚀环境下时间的延长，涂层由于氧化等质量也随之增加，有涂层时能有效改善这一现象；制备的带有石墨烯涂层的管状奥氏体不锈钢在35keV电子束辐照2小时，性能无明显变化。制备得到的石墨烯涂层均匀性好，厚度不均匀性为8％。制备得到的石墨烯涂层致密性好，在透射电镜下，无明显的孔洞等缺陷。制备得到的石墨烯涂层与金属基体结合性好，高温水浸泡、滤纸擦拭等均不能将涂层剥离，只有用砂纸打磨，将基体破坏，才能破坏涂层。
实施例10
一种在金属表面涂覆石墨烯涂层的方法，该方法包括以下几个步骤：
步骤1、金属表面预处理
用溶剂对金属样品的内外表面进行浸泡和超声清洗，以去除表面杂质和油污；所述溶剂乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液，且清洗顺序是先用乙醇溶液浸泡、超声清洗，再利用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡、超声清洗，以去除表面油污和杂质。所述氢氧化钾的浓度为1.5mol/L。
步骤2，选用层数为1～10层，质量分数为3wt％的氧化石墨烯水溶液对步骤1中所述的金属样品进行浸泡40分钟、喷涂或挂刷，使氧化石墨烯水溶液完全覆盖金属样品的内外表面。
步骤3、对步骤2得到的氧化石墨烯涂覆后的金属样品进行烘烤干燥；其干燥温度为100℃，干燥时间为30小时，干燥环境为惰性气体保护环境。
步骤4、对步骤3得到的金属样品进行微波还原处理，具体操作是将步骤3得到的金属样品置入盛有还原剂的容器，并将该容器放入微波装置中进行微波还原。还原剂为抗坏血酸，且还原剂过量；微波功率范围为800W，还原温度为90℃，还原时间为2小时。
步骤5、将步骤4中得到的微波还原后的金属样品取出，用清洗剂清洗后即可得到涂覆了石墨烯防护涂层的金属样品；所述清洗剂为水、乙醇和丙酮。
其中，本实施例中金属为钛合金，形状为片状。经试验检测，采用该实施例制备的带有石墨烯涂层的片状钛合金的耐高温氧化(腐蚀)性能提升约60％；在35keV电子束辐照2小时，性能无明显变化。制备得到的石墨烯涂层均匀性好，厚度不均匀性为6％。制备得到的石墨烯涂层致密性好，在透射电镜下，无明显的孔洞等缺陷。制备得到的石墨烯涂层与金属基体结合性好，高温水浸泡、滤纸擦拭等均不能将涂层剥离，只有用砂纸打磨，将基体破坏，才能破坏涂层。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种在金属表面制备石墨烯涂层的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：
    预处理金属样品的金属表面；
    采用氧化石墨烯水溶液对预处理了所述金属表面的金属样品进行浸泡、喷涂或挂刷，使所述氧化石墨烯水溶液覆盖所述金属样品的内外表面；
    烘烤干燥覆盖所述氧化石墨烯水溶液的所述金属样品；
    对烘烤干燥后的所述金属样品进行微波还原处理；
    取出进行所述微波还原处理后的所述金属样品，用清洗剂清洗所述金属，得到表面涂覆了所述石墨烯涂层的金属。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述预处理金属样品的金属表面包括：用溶剂对所述金属表面进行浸泡和超声清洗，
    其中，所述溶剂包括丙酮、乙醇、去离子水、超纯水和碱性溶液中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括乙醇溶液和氢氧化钾溶液，用溶剂对所述金属表面进行浸泡和超声清洗包括：
    用乙醇溶液浸泡所述金属表面，进行第一次超声清洗；
    用氢氧化钾溶液浸泡第一次超声清洗后的所述金属表面，进行第二次超声清洗。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氢氧化钾溶液的浓度为0.1～10mol/L。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氢氧化钾溶液的浓度为0.8～1.5mol/L。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的的方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括乙醇和氢氧化钠溶液，用溶剂对所述金属表面进行浸泡和超声清洗包括：
    用所述乙醇溶液浸泡所述金属表面，进行第一次超声清洗；
    用氢氧化钠溶液浸泡第一次超声清洗后的所述金属表面，进行第二次超声清洗。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓 度为0.1～10mol/L。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.8～1.5mol/L。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氧化石墨烯水溶液中石墨烯的层数为1～100层，质量分数为0.1～10wt％。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氧化石墨烯水溶液中石墨烯的层数为1～10层，质量分数为0.5～1.5wt％。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，采用氧化石墨烯水溶液对预处理了所述金属表面的金属样品进行浸泡的浸泡时间为20～100分钟。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，烘烤干燥覆盖所述氧化石墨烯水溶液的所述金属样品时，干燥温度为40～150℃，干燥时间为30分钟～72小时，干燥环境为空气、低压或者惰性气体保护环境。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，烘烤干燥覆盖所述氧化石墨烯水溶液的所述金属样品时，干燥温度为80℃，干燥时间为2～4小时，干燥环境为低压，其中，所述低压的范围为0.1Pa以下。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
    进行所述微波还原处理时的还原剂为抗坏血酸、肼、硼酸氢钠或氢碘酸；微波功率范围为500～1000W，还原温度为60～190℃，还原时间为10分钟～1小时；
    对烘烤干燥后的所述金属样品进行微波还原处理包括：将烘烤干燥后的所述金属样品置入盛有还原剂的容器中，并将所述容器放入微波装置中进行微波还原。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，进行所述微波还原处理时还原的温度为90～150℃，还原时间为90分钟，还原剂为抗坏血酸水溶液。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述清洗剂包括水、乙醇和丙酮中的一种或几种。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属样品包括锆合金、钛合金或奥氏体不锈钢。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属样品的形状包括管状或片状。
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