WO2020027204A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, a method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery is a secondary battery that satisfies such requirements.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of, for example, a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolyte, and the like, and a material capable of removing and inserting lithium is used as an active material of the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- lithium ion secondary batteries using a layered or spinel type lithium metal composite oxide as a positive electrode material are 4V class Since a high voltage can be obtained, the battery has been put to practical use as a battery having a high energy density.
- a lithium cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO 2 ) which is relatively easy to synthesize, a lithium nickel composite oxide (LiNiO 2 ) using nickel which is cheaper than cobalt, lithium Nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide (LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 ), lithium manganese composite oxide using manganese (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium nickel manganese composite oxide (LiNi 0.5 Lithium composite oxides such as Mn 0.5 O 2 ) have been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having at least a layered structure lithium transition metal composite oxide, wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide is a primary particle and an aggregate thereof.
- the primary particles have an aspect ratio of 1 to 1.8, and at least a surface of the primary particles is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, boron and fluorine.
- a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having at least one selected compound has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 According to the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery proposed in Patent Document 2, by having a compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, boron and fluorine on the surface of the particles. It is said that the conductivity is improved.
- Patent Literature 3 discloses a compound containing, as a main component, a lithium transition metal-based compound having a function capable of inserting and removing lithium ions, and the main component material containing at least one element selected from B and Bi. And a compound containing at least one element selected from Mo, W, Nb, Ta, and Re, each of which is used in combination, and then fired, and then a lithium transition metal-based compound powder for a lithium secondary battery positive electrode material.
- sintering after the combined addition of the additive elements at a prescribed ratio a lithium transition metal-based compound powder composed of fine particles with suppressed grain growth and sintering is obtained, and the rate and output characteristics are improved.
- a lithium-containing transition metal-based compound powder which is easy to handle and prepare an electrode can be obtained.
- Patent Literature 4 discloses that a general formula Li Ni 1-xy Co x M 1 y W z M 2 w O 2 (1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5,0.002 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.03,0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.02,0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 0.7, at least one M 1 is selected from the group consisting of Mn and Al, M 2 is a non-aqueous solution containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb and Mo) and a boron compound containing at least a boron element and an oxygen element.
- a positive electrode composition for an electrolyte secondary battery has been proposed.
- a positive electrode composition containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide essentially containing nickel and tungsten and a specific boron compound a positive electrode using a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a low cobalt content or containing no cobalt It is said that the composition can improve output characteristics and cycle characteristics.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a gas generating agent that is housed in a battery case and reacts at a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined voltage to generate gas, and the internal pressure of the battery case are predetermined.
- An active material layer wherein the amount of lithium hydroxide eluted from the positive electrode active material layer when the positive electrode active material layer is immersed in water is calculated as Li in the positive electrode active material layer based on neutralization titration.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries have been proposed that are set to be 0.014% by mass to 0.035% by mass. Then, as a composite oxide constituting the positive electrode active material, the general formula: Li x Ni a Mn b Me c O 2 (x in the formula, a, b and c, 0.99 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.12,0 0.9 ⁇ a + b + c ⁇ 1.1, 1.1 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 1.7, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.4, and Me is either absent or Co, Mg, Sr, Ti , Zr, V, Nb, Mo, W, B, and Al are one or more elements selected from the group). According to such a lithium ion secondary battery, the amount of gas generated by the gas generating agent can be more appropriately secured while increasing the electron conductivity of the positive electrode active material. Therefore, it is said that the current cutoff mechanism can be appropriately operated while keeping the output characteristics high.
- the positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode active material, a binder such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or NMP (normal methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and components to be added as necessary. It is formed by mixing to form a positive electrode slurry and applying it to a current collector such as an aluminum foil. At this time, the positive electrode slurry is gelled, which may cause a decrease in operability and a decrease in yield, which is problematic.
- a binder such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or NMP (normal methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery including lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles
- the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide particles is represented by the general formula Li d Ni 1-a-b -c Mn a M b Zr c O 2 + ⁇ (although, M is, Co, W, Mo, Mg , Ca, Al, Ti, At least one element selected from Cr and Ta, and 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.60, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.60, 0.00003 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.03, 0.05 ⁇ a + b + c ⁇ 0.60, 0.95 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.20, and ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.2).
- the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide are composed of agglomerated secondary particles. , At least a part of zirconium is dispersed inside the primary particles, Provided is a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, wherein the amount of surplus lithium determined by a neutralization titration method is 0.02% by mass or more and 0.09% by mass or less.
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery which can suppress gelation when used as a positive electrode slurry.
- FIG. 6 is a STEM observation image of a cross section of particles of the positive electrode active material obtained in Example 3.
- 9 is an EDX surface analysis image of Zr of a particle cross section of the positive electrode active material obtained in Example 3.
- the inventors of the present invention first examined the cause of gelation when a positive electrode slurry was used. As a result, when surplus lithium, which is a releasable lithium component such as lithium carbonate, remains on the particle surface of the positive electrode active material, the surplus lithium is released when mixed with the binder, and is included in the binder. Reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide. And it discovered that the produced lithium hydroxide reacted with the binder and was gelatinized. It has also been found that this tendency becomes remarkable when lithium in the positive electrode active material is in excess of the stoichiometric ratio and the ratio of nickel is high. When the lithium metal composite oxide particles as the positive electrode active material are synthesized by firing, lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate is used as a lithium raw material, but the surplus lithium on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles is lithium carbonate. Often takes the form.
- surplus lithium which is a releasable lithium component such as lithium carbonate
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment includes lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles.
- Lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide particles according the general formula Li d Ni 1-a-b -c Mn a M b Zr c O 2 + twenty-one primary particles of the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide are aggregated represented by ⁇ primary particles And at least part of zirconium is dispersed inside the primary particles.
- the additive element M in the above general formula can be at least one element selected from Co, W, Mo, Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, Cr, and Ta.
- A, b, c, d, and ⁇ are 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.60, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.60, 0.00003 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.03, 0.05 ⁇ a + b + c ⁇ 0.60 , 0.95 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.20 and ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.2.
- the amount of residual carbon determined by ICP emission spectroscopy can be set to 0.01% by mass or more and 0.04% by mass or less.
- the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment includes the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles as described above. Note that the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment can also be composed of lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles. However, also in this case, the inclusion of unavoidable components in the production process is not excluded.
- Lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles are particles having a polycrystalline structure, and are composed of secondary particles obtained by aggregating primary particles of lithium nickel manganese composite oxide represented by the above general formula.
- Aa indicating the content of Mn in the above general formula is preferably 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.60, and more preferably 0.10 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.55.
- the content a of Mn is in the above range, excellent output characteristics and high energy density can be obtained for the positive electrode active material, and further, high thermal stability can be obtained.
- a is less than 0.05, the effect of improving thermal stability may not be sufficient, and if a is 0.60 or more, output characteristics and energy density may be reduced.
- Bb representing the content of the additional element M in the above general formula is preferably 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.60, and more preferably 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.55. Since the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide can contain no additional element M, b can be set to 0 or more as described above. Further, even when the additional element M is added, if the addition is excessive, the content of other manganese and zirconium decreases, so that b indicating the content of the additional element M as described above is less than 0.60. It is preferable that
- the additive element M is at least one element selected from Co, W, Mo, Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, Cr, and Ta, that is, at least one element selected from the above element group. be able to.
- Zirconium which usually takes a valence of five, is an element having a higher valence compared to nickel contained in the positive electrode active material, and the presence of such a higher number of elements makes it possible to reduce the valence of nickel during the synthesis of the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide. The need to raise it is reduced as compared to the product without zirconium.
- zirconium has a property of forming a compound with lithium in a high temperature region of 850 ° C. or higher. Due to this property, surplus lithium components such as lithium carbonate, which remain as unreacted substances during a normal firing reaction, react with zirconium to form a compound and exist on the primary particle surface of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide. Can be. For this reason, it is supposed that surplus lithium such as lithium carbonate is reduced, and an effect of reducing residual carbon caused by carbon contained in lithium carbonate is exhibited.
- zirconium dispersed in the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide reacts with surplus lithium in the same manner, and exhibits an effect of reducing surplus lithium and residual carbon.
- the zirconium dispersed in the primary particles of the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide further mitigates the cation mixing in which nickel atoms in the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide tend to move to the lithium site (site) when firing at high temperatures. It is thought that there is also.
- lithium zirconium compound a compound containing lithium and zirconium (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “lithium zirconium compound”) exists on the surface of the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide. Is preferred.
- Such a lithium zirconium compound does not need to cover the entire surface of the primary particles of the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide. If at least a part of the surface of the primary particles is present, the effect of reducing excess lithium and residual carbon can be obtained. . As a result, gelation of the positive electrode slurry can be suppressed. Further, the lithium zirconium compound is preferably fixed to the surface of the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide.
- the lithium zirconium compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least one selected from, for example, Li 2 ZrO 3 and Li 4 ZrO 4, and more preferably Li 2 ZrO 3 .
- These lithium zirconium compounds can be confirmed, for example, by analyzing lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles using an XRD (X-ray diffraction) method.
- the primary particle surface of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide is the surface of the primary particles exposed on the outer surface of the secondary particle and the surface of the secondary particle through which the electrolyte can penetrate, for example, through the outer surface of the secondary particle. It includes the surface of the primary particles exposed in the vicinity and inside voids. Further, even in the case of a grain boundary between primary particles, it is included if the bonding of the primary particles is incomplete and the electrolyte is permeable.
- the state of the lithium zirconium compound is not particularly limited, since the lithium zirconium compound can exhibit an effect of reducing excess lithium and residual carbon regardless of the state.
- the lithium zirconium compound may exist, for example, in a crystalline state, a coexisting state of a crystal and an amorphous state, or an amorphous state. When the lithium zirconium compound exists in a crystalline state, its presence can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement as the amount increases.
- the zirconium component may be dispersed in the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide.
- the distribution of zirconium in the primary particles of the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide is not particularly limited. However, if the zirconium concentration locally increases, the reaction resistance increases, and there is a possibility that the battery characteristics may deteriorate. Therefore, from the viewpoint of achieving both the effect of reducing excess lithium and residual carbon and the battery characteristics, the maximum zirconium concentration in the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide is determined by the average zirconium concentration in the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide. The concentration is preferably 3 times or less, more preferably 2 times or less.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the maximum zirconium concentration in the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide to the average zirconium concentration is not particularly limited.
- the maximum zirconium concentration in the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide is preferably at least 1.2 times the average zirconium concentration in the primary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide.
- the distribution of the zirconium concentration in the primary particles of the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide can be determined by analyzing the composition of the cross section of the primary particles by scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM: Scanning Electron Microscope) (for example, EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy)). Can be evaluated.
- STEM Scanning Electron Microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the range of a + b + c which is the sum of a, b, and c indicating the amount of manganese, the additional element M, and zirconium in the general formula, is preferably 0.05 ⁇ a + b + c ⁇ 0.60.
- the gelling of the positive electrode slurry is particularly likely to occur when the content ratio of nickel in the positive electrode active material is high, so that the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment can exhibit a particularly high effect.
- a + b + c is set to 0.60 or less. It is preferable because the content ratio of nickel can be sufficiently increased and a particularly high effect can be exhibited.
- a + b + c is 0.05 or more.
- Dd indicating the lithium content in the above general formula is preferably 0.95 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.20.
- d indicating the lithium content is preferably 0.95 or more.
- d is preferably 1.20 or less.
- ⁇ of 2 + ⁇ representing the oxygen content in the above general formula preferably satisfies ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.2. This is because the amount of oxygen may fluctuate in order to balance the charge due to oxygen deficiency or a change in the composition ratio of the metal component.
- surplus lithium and residual carbon can be reduced, but the amount of surplus lithium may be 0.02% by mass or more and 0.09% by mass or less. preferable.
- the surplus lithium amount of the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment it is possible to suppress the positive electrode slurry from gelling during the production of a positive electrode using the positive electrode active material. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the operability and the yield from deteriorating during the preparation of the positive electrode slurry and the preparation of the positive electrode.
- the lower limit of the amount of surplus lithium is not particularly limited and may be 0 or more, but is preferably 0.02% by mass or more from the viewpoint of productivity and the like.
- the amount of surplus lithium can be measured by a neutralization titration method.
- the amount of residual carbon is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.04% by mass or less. Since the residual carbon is mainly caused by surplus lithium in the form of lithium carbonate, the amount of the residual carbon in the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment is set to 0.04% by mass or less, so that a positive electrode using the positive electrode active material can be produced. Gelation of the positive electrode slurry can be suppressed. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the operability and the yield from deteriorating during the preparation of the positive electrode slurry and the preparation of the positive electrode.
- the lower limit of the amount of residual carbon is not particularly limited and may be 0 or more, but is preferably 0.01% by mass or more from the viewpoint of productivity and the like.
- the amount of residual carbon can be measured by ICP emission spectroscopy.
- the particle size of the secondary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide is not particularly limited, but the volume average particle size MV is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the volume average particle diameter MV of the secondary particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide in the above range, high output characteristics and battery capacity when used for the positive electrode of the battery and high filling properties to the positive electrode are further compatible. be able to.
- volume average particle diameter MV of the secondary particles By setting the volume average particle diameter MV of the secondary particles to 4 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to exhibit particularly high filling property to the positive electrode. By setting the volume average particle diameter MV of the secondary particles to 20 ⁇ m or less, particularly high output characteristics and battery capacity can be obtained.
- the volume average particle size MV is the average particle size weighted by the particle volume, and is a value obtained by dividing the sum of the diameters of individual particles multiplied by the volume of the particles in the aggregate of the particles by the total volume of the particles.
- the volume average particle size MV can be measured, for example, by a laser diffraction scattering method using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter.
- the crystallite diameter of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 130 nm or more and 240 nm or less, and more preferably 130 nm or more and 210 nm or less.
- Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary battery According to the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “a method for producing a positive electrode active material”), the above-described positive electrode active material is produced. Can be. For this reason, a part of the already described items will not be described.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present embodiment employs a secondary method in which primary particles of a lithium nickel manganese composite oxide represented by a general formula Li d Ni 1- abc Mn a M b Zr c O 2 + ⁇ are aggregated.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles composed of particles and at least a part of zirconium dispersed inside the primary particles.
- M in the above general formula is at least one element selected from Co, W, Mo, Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, Cr, and Ta.
- A, b, c, d, and ⁇ are 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.60, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.60, 0.00003 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.03, 0.05 ⁇ a + b + c ⁇ 0.60 , 0.95 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.20 and ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.2.
- the obtained positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery has a surplus lithium amount determined by a neutralization titration method of 0.02% by mass or more and 0.09% by mass or less.
- the amount of residual carbon determined by ICP emission spectroscopy is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.04% by mass or less.
- X, y more preferably satisfies 0.10 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.55 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.55.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles containing at least manganese that is, nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles are used as one of the raw materials.
- manganese is uniformly distributed in the primary particles of the obtained positive electrode active material, and the above-mentioned effect of high thermal stability obtained by containing manganese can be sufficiently obtained.
- the zirconium compound and the lithium zirconium mixture containing the lithium compound are further fired, whereby the zirconium can be more uniformly dispersed in the primary particles. It becomes possible.
- the lithium compound is melted at the firing temperature and penetrates into the nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles to form a lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide.
- the zirconium compound permeates into the secondary particles together with the molten lithium compound.
- the primary particles penetrate if there is a crystal grain boundary or the like. The penetration promotes the diffusion inside the primary particles, and zirconium is uniformly dispersed in the primary particles.
- the firing temperature in the firing step is set to 850 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less. This ensures that the lithium compound is melted and promotes penetration and diffusion of the zirconium compound. By increasing the temperature, the diffusion of zirconium is promoted, and the crystallinity of the obtained lithium nickel manganese composite oxide is increased, so that the output characteristics and the energy density can be improved.
- the mixing step is a step of mixing a raw material containing nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles, a zirconium compound, and a lithium compound to obtain a lithium zirconium mixture.
- the nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles may be subjected to a heat treatment step before being mixed with the zirconium compound and the lithium compound. That is, the method for producing a positive electrode active material of the present embodiment may further include a heat treatment step of heat treating the nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles before the mixing step.
- the nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles are subjected to a heat treatment step to sufficiently remove water remaining in the particles, so that lithium (Li) in the positive electrode active material obtained after the firing step and a metal other than lithium Variation in the ratio of the number of atoms to (Me) (Li / Me) can be prevented.
- the temperature condition of the heat treatment step is not particularly limited, and the heating may be performed to a temperature at which residual moisture in the nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles is removed, and is preferably, for example, 105 ° C or more and 700 ° C or less.
- the temperature at which the nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles are heat-treated it is preferable to set the temperature at which the nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles are heat-treated at 105 ° C. or higher, because residual moisture can be efficiently removed in a short time.
- the heat treatment step by converting the temperature of the nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles to 700 ° C. or less, the particles converted from the nickel manganese composite hydroxide to the nickel manganese composite oxide are sintered. Aggregation can be particularly suppressed.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 350 ° C. or more and 700 ° C. or less.
- the atmosphere in which the heat treatment is performed is not particularly limited.
- it is preferably performed in an air atmosphere that can be easily performed or in an air stream.
- the heat treatment time in the heat treatment step is not particularly limited, but if it is less than 1 hour, the residual moisture in the nickel-manganese composite hydroxide may not be sufficiently removed.
- the time is more preferably from 15 hours to 15 hours.
- the equipment used for performing the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and for example, any equipment that can heat the nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles in an air stream can be suitably used.
- equipment used for performing the heat treatment in the heat treatment step for example, a blow dryer, an electric furnace without gas generation, or the like can be preferably used.
- the zirconium compound to be subjected to the mixing step is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing zirconium, such as zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium sulfide, zirconium chloride, and zirconium sulfate.
- zirconium compound is used as a zirconium compound. It is preferable to use at least one selected from zirconium and zirconium oxide.
- the particle size of the zirconium compound used is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of improving handleability and reactivity, the average particle size of the zirconium compound used is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less, and 0.08 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less. Is more preferred.
- the zirconium compound used has an average particle diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m or more, so that the powder is excellent in handleability, the zirconium compound is scattered in the mixing step and the firing step, and the composition of the prepared positive electrode active material is different from the intended composition. This is because deviation can be suppressed.
- zirconium By setting the average particle size of the zirconium compound to be used to 10 ⁇ m or less, zirconium can be particularly uniformly distributed in the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide obtained after firing, and the thermal stability can be enhanced.
- the average particle size means the particle size at which the number of particles at each particle size is accumulated from the larger particle size in the particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction / scattering method, and the cumulative volume is 50% of the total volume of all the particles. I do.
- a method of pulverizing so as to have a predetermined particle size using various types of pulverizers such as a ball mill, a planetary ball mill, a jet mill / nano jet mill, a bead mill, and a pin mill.
- pulverizers such as a ball mill, a planetary ball mill, a jet mill / nano jet mill, a bead mill, and a pin mill.
- the method of coating with the additive element M ' is not limited to the above-described method.
- a method of impregnating a solution containing the compound of the additive element M', an aqueous solution containing the compound of the additive element M ', and a nickel manganese composite A method of drying a mixture with hydroxide particles by spray drying or the like can also be used.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment (hereinafter, also referred to as “secondary battery”) can have a positive electrode including the above-described positive electrode active material.
- a method for manufacturing a positive electrode will be described below.
- the above-described positive electrode active material (powder), a conductive material and a binder (binder) are mixed to form a positive electrode mixture, and if necessary, activated carbon and a target solvent such as viscosity adjustment are added. This is kneaded to produce a positive electrode mixture paste.
- the mixing ratio of each material in the positive electrode mixture is a factor that determines the performance of the lithium secondary battery, and can be adjusted according to the application.
- the mixing ratio of the materials can be the same as that of the positive electrode of a known lithium secondary battery. For example, when the total mass of the solid content of the positive electrode mixture excluding the solvent is 100% by mass, the positive electrode active material is 60% by mass.
- the conductive material can be contained at a ratio of 1% to 20% by mass, and the binder can be contained at a ratio of 1% to 20% by mass.
- the conductive material for example, one or more types selected from graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, and the like) and carbon black-based materials such as acetylene black and Ketjen black (registered trademark) can be used. .
- the method for manufacturing the positive electrode is not limited to the above-described example, and another method may be used.
- it can be manufactured by press-molding a positive electrode mixture and then drying it under a vacuum atmosphere.
- Negative electrode metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode is prepared by mixing a binder with a negative electrode active material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions, adding an appropriate solvent to the paste, and forming a paste on the surface of a metal foil current collector such as copper.
- a material formed by coating, drying, and, if necessary, compressing to increase the electrode density may be used.
- the negative electrode active material for example, an organic compound fired body such as natural graphite, artificial graphite and a phenol resin, and a powdered carbon material such as coke can be used.
- a fluorinated resin such as PVDF can be used as the negative electrode binder similarly to the positive electrode, and an organic material such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone can be used as a solvent for dispersing these active materials and the binder.
- Solvents can be used.
- a separator can be interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode as necessary.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain a radical scavenger, a surfactant, a flame retardant, and the like.
- the oxide-based solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and for example, a material containing oxygen (O) and having lithium ion conductivity and electronic insulation can be suitably used.
- the oxide-based solid electrolyte include lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ), Li 3 PO 4 N X , LiBO 2 N X , LiNbO 3 , LiTaO 3 , Li 2 SiO 3 , and Li 4 SiO 4 —Li 3.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte may be other than the above, and for example, Li 3 N, LiI, Li 3 N—LiI—LiOH, or the like may be used.
- the organic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer compound having ion conductivity, and for example, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, a copolymer thereof, or the like can be used. Further, the organic solid electrolyte may contain a supporting salt (lithium salt). (Shape and configuration of secondary battery) The lithium ion secondary battery of the present embodiment described above can be formed into various shapes such as a cylindrical shape and a stacked type.
- the secondary battery of the present embodiment uses a non-aqueous electrolyte as the non-aqueous electrolyte
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated via a separator to form an electrode body
- the obtained electrode body is impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a current collecting lead is passed between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode terminal communicating with the outside, and between the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode terminal communicating with the outside.
- the connection can be made by using such a method as described above, so that the battery case can be sealed.
- the secondary battery of the present embodiment is suitable for a power supply of a small portable electronic device (a notebook personal computer, a mobile phone terminal, or the like) which always requires a high capacity, and is also suitable for a power supply of an electric vehicle requiring a high output. It is suitable.
- the secondary battery of the present embodiment is particularly excellent in safety, and further excellent in output characteristics and capacity. Therefore, since it is possible to reduce the size and increase the output, it is suitable as a power supply for an electric vehicle whose mounting space is limited.
- the secondary battery of the present embodiment can be used not only as a power source for an electric vehicle driven by purely electric energy but also as a power source for a so-called hybrid vehicle used in combination with a combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine. it can.
- the case 12 has a gasket 12c, and the gasket 12c fixes the relative movement between the positive electrode can 12a and the negative electrode can 12b so as to maintain a non-contact state.
- the gasket 12c also has a function of sealing a gap between the positive electrode can 12a and the negative electrode can 12b to airtightly and liquid-tightly seal the inside and outside of the case 12.
- the coin-type battery 11 shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured as follows.
- the positive electrode 13a was prepared by mixing 52.5 mg of the positive electrode active material, 15 mg of acetylene black, and 7.5 mg of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, and pressing the mixture at a pressure of 100 MPa to a diameter of 11 mm and a thickness of 100 ⁇ m. .
- the produced positive electrode 13a was dried in a vacuum dryer at 120 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the coin-type battery 11 described above was produced in a glove box in an Ar atmosphere where the dew point was controlled at -80 ° C.
- reaction aqueous solution preparation step 50 L of pure water was charged into the reaction tank (60 L), and the temperature in the tank was set to 45 ° C. while stirring. At this time, N 2 gas and Air gas were flowed into the reaction tank so that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the reaction tank liquid became 0.8 mg / L. A mixed aqueous solution, an alkaline aqueous solution, and a complexing agent were simultaneously and continuously added into the reaction tank to prepare a reaction aqueous solution (reaction aqueous solution preparation step).
- the mixed aqueous solution has a metal ion concentration of 2.0 mol in which nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and manganese sulfate are dissolved such that the ratio of the molar amounts of nickel, cobalt, and manganese is 55:25:20. / L aqueous solution was used.
- the lithium zirconium mixture prepared in the mixing step was calcined in an air stream (oxygen concentration: 21% by volume) at 900 ° C. for 10 hours.
- a positive electrode active material composed of lithium nickel manganese composite oxide particles.
- the particles of the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide were observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was confirmed that the particles were composed of secondary particles in which primary particles were aggregated.
- the volume average particle diameter MV, the amount of surplus lithium, the crystallite diameter, and the presence or absence of a different phase were measured.
- a coin-type battery was manufactured using the positive electrode active material, and the initial charge / discharge capacity was evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 Nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles represented by Ni 0.55 Co 0.25 Mn 0.20 (OH) 2 + ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.4) were obtained in the same manner as in the crystallization step of Example 1. . (Mixing process) The obtained nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide particles, lithium carbonate, and zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m were mixed to obtain a lithium-zirconium mixture.
- the ratio of the molar amounts of nickel: cobalt: manganese: zirconium in the lithium zirconium mixture is 54.6: 24.7: 19.7: 1.0, and Li / Me was weighed to 1.03.
- nickel manganese composite hydroxide particles represented by Ni 0.55 Co 0.20 Mn 0.25 (OH) 2 + ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.4) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. .
- the ratio of the molar amounts of nickel: cobalt: manganese: zirconium in the lithium-zirconium mixture is 54.7: 19.9: 24.9: 0.5, and lithium and It was weighed so that the ratio of the number of atoms (Li / Me) to the total amount of metals other than lithium (nickel, cobalt, manganese, zirconium) was 1.03.
- the lithium zirconium mixture prepared in the mixing step was calcined in an air stream (oxygen concentration: 21% by volume) at 915 ° C. for 15 hours.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are STEM-EDX (Scanning Transmission, Electron, Microscope, Energy, Dispersive, X-ray, Spectroscope) analysis of the particle cross section. The results are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- FIG. 2A is a STEM image
- FIG. 2B is an EDX analysis result for Zr, that is, a mapping result.
- the particles of the obtained lithium nickel manganese composite oxide were observed with a scanning electron microscope, and it was confirmed that the particles were composed of secondary particles in which primary particles were aggregated.
- firing was carried out at 840 ° C. for 10 hours in an air stream (oxygen concentration: 21% by volume).
- zirconium disperses zirconium in the primary particles of the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide or forms a lithium-zirconium compound further containing lithium, and is disposed on the surface of the primary particles. Is estimated to have decreased.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery have been described in the embodiments and examples, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and The present invention is not limited to the embodiments and the like. Various modifications and changes are possible within the scope of the present invention described in the claims.
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Abstract
Description
前記リチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物粒子は、一般式LidNi1-a-b-cMnaMbZrcO2+α(ただし、Mは、Co、W、Mo、Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、Cr、及びTaから選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、0.05≦a<0.60、0≦b<0.60、0.00003≦c≦0.03、0.05≦a+b+c≦0.60、0.95≦d≦1.20、-0.2≦α≦0.2である。)で表されるリチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物の一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子で構成され、
少なくともジルコニウムの一部は、前記一次粒子内部に分散しており、
中和滴定法によって求まる余剰リチウム量が0.02質量%以上0.09質量%以下であるリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質を提供する。
本発明の発明者らは、正極スラリーとした場合にゲル化を抑制できる正極活物質について鋭意検討を行った。
係るリチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物粒子は、一般式LidNi1-a-b-cMnaMbZrcO2+αで表されるリチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物の一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子で構成され、少なくともジルコニウムの一部は、該一次粒子内部に分散している。
[リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法]
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法(以下、単に「正極活物質の製造方法」と記載する場合もある。)によれば、既述の正極活物質を製造することができる。このため、既に説明した事項については一部説明を省略する。
混合工程は、ニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子と、ジルコニウム化合物と、リチウム化合物とを含む原料を混合してリチウムジルコニウム混合物を得る工程である。
焼成工程は、混合工程で得られたリチウムジルコニウム混合物を酸化雰囲気中850℃以上1000℃以下で焼成し、リチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物を得る工程である。
上記混合工程に供するニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子は、例えば晶析工程によって得ることが好ましい。
[リチウムイオン二次電池]
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池(以下、「二次電池」ともいう。)は、既述の正極活物質を含む正極を有することができる。
(正極)
本実施形態の二次電池が有する正極は、既述の正極活物質を含むことができる。
(負極)
負極は、金属リチウム、リチウム合金等を用いることができる。また、負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・脱離できる負極活物質に結着剤を混合し、適当な溶剤を加えてペースト状にした負極合材を、銅等の金属箔集電体の表面に塗布、乾燥し、必要に応じて電極密度を高めるべく圧縮して形成したものを用いてもよい。
(セパレータ)
正極と負極との間には、必要に応じてセパレータを挟み込んで配置することができる。セパレータは、正極と負極とを分離し、電解質を保持するものであり、公知のものを用いることができ、例えば、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどの薄い膜で、微少な孔を多数有する膜を用いることができる。
(非水系電解質)
非水系電解質としては、例えば非水系電解液を用いることができる。
(二次電池の形状、構成)
以上のように説明してきた本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池は、円筒形や積層形など、種々の形状にすることができる。いずれの形状を採る場合であっても、本実施形態の二次電池が非水系電解質として非水系電解液を用いる場合であれば、正極および負極を、セパレータを介して積層させて電極体とし、得られた電極体に、非水系電解液を含浸させ、正極集電体と外部に通ずる正極端子との間、および、負極集電体と外部に通ずる負極端子との間を、集電用リードなどを用いて接続し、電池ケースに密閉した構造とすることができる。
(1)組成、残留カーボン量の分析
以下の実施例、比較例で得られた正極活物質の組成、残留カーボン量について、ICP発光分光分析装置(島津製作所製 型式:ICPS8100)を用いて、ICP発光分光法により評価した。
(2)体積平均粒径MV
以下の実施例、比較例で得られた正極活物質の体積平均粒径について、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定装置(日機装株式会社製、マイクロトラックHRA)により評価を行なった。
(3)余剰リチウム量の分析
余剰リチウム量は、中和滴定法の一つであるWarder法により評価した。評価結果から、水酸化リチウム(LiOH)と炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)量を算出し、これらのリチウム量の和を余剰リチウム量とした。
(4)結晶子径、異相の有無
XRD回折装置(パナリティカル社製、X'Pert PRO)を用い、CuKα線による(003)面の反射ピークの半価幅からシェラー法を用いて測定した。また得られたXRDパターンについて相同定を行い、リチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物以外に、リチウムジルコニウム化合物等の異相が含まれていないかを確認した。異相が確認された場合には相同定を行い、異相の組成を確認した。
(5)初期充放電容量
以下の各実施例、比較例で得られた正極活物質の評価には、図1に示す2032型コイン型電池11(以下、「コイン型電池」という。)を使用した。
[実施例1]
(晶析工程)
反応槽(60L)に純水を50L入れ、攪拌しながら槽内温度を45℃に設定した。このとき反応槽内に、反応槽液中の溶存酸素濃度が0.8mg/LとなるようにN2ガスおよびAirガスを流した。この反応槽内に混合水溶液と、アルカリ水溶液と、錯化剤とを同時に連続的に添加し、反応水溶液を調製した(反応水溶液調製ステップ)。
得られたニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物粒子と、炭酸リチウムと、平均粒径が1.0μmの酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)とを混合して、リチウムジルコニウム混合物を得た。
(焼成工程)
混合工程で調製したリチウムジルコニウム混合物を、大気(酸素濃度:21容量%)気流中にて900℃で10時間保持して焼成した。
[実施例2]
(晶析工程)
実施例1の晶析工程と同様にしてNi0.55Co0.25Mn0.20(OH)2+β(0≦β≦0.4)で表されるニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を得た。
(混合工程)
得られたニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物粒子と、炭酸リチウムと、平均粒径が1.0μmの酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)とを混合して、リチウムジルコニウム混合物を得た。
(焼成工程)
混合工程で調製したリチウムジルコニウム混合物を、実施例1と同じ条件で焼成、解砕し、リチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物の粒子からなる正極活物質を得た。リチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物の粒子は、走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子から構成されていることを確認できた。得られた正極活物質について、体積平均粒径MVと余剰リチウム量、結晶子径、及び異相の有無を測定した。また、該正極活物質を用いてコイン型電池を作製し、初期充放電容量を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例3]
(晶析工程)
ニッケル:コバルト:マンガンの物質量(モル)の比が55:20:25となるように、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガンを溶解させた金属イオン濃度が2.0mol/Lの水溶液を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、Ni0.55Co0.20Mn0.25(OH)2+β(0≦β≦0.4)で表されるニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を得た。
(混合工程)
得られたニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物粒子と、水酸化リチウムと、平均粒径が1.2μmの酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)とを混合して、リチウムジルコニウム混合物を得た。
(焼成工程)
混合工程で調製したリチウムジルコニウム混合物を、大気(酸素濃度:21容量%)気流中にて915℃で15時間保持して焼成した。
[実施例4]
予めニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を大気雰囲気中で温度600℃で10時間熱処理する熱処理工程を実施し、熱処理工程後のニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を混合工程に供した点以外は実施例3と同様にして正極活物質を得るとともに評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
[比較例1]
混合工程において、酸化ジルコニウムを用いず、得られたニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子と炭酸リチウムとをLi/Me=1.03となるように秤量して、焼成工程に供する混合物を調製した点以外は実施例1と同様に正極活物質を得るとともに評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
[比較例2]
晶析工程において、混合水溶液として、ニッケル:コバルト:マンガンの物質量(モル)の比が70:15:15となるように、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガンを溶解させた金属イオン濃度が2.0mol/Lの水溶液を用いた。
[比較例3]
混合工程において、リチウムジルコニウム混合物中のニッケル:コバルト:マンガン:ジルコニウムの物質量(モル)の比が69.2:14.9:14.9:1.0であり、かつLi/Me=1.03になるように秤量、混合した点以外は比較例2と同様にして正極活物質を得るとともに評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
[比較例4]
混合工程において、リチウムジルコニウム混合物中のニッケル:コバルト:マンガン:ジルコニウムの物質量(モル)の比が68.6:14.7:14.7:2.0であり、かつLi/Me=1.03になるように秤量、混合した点以外は比較例2と同様にして正極活物質を得るとともに評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
[比較例5]
混合工程において、水酸化リチウムの代わりに炭酸リチウムを用いたことと、酸化ジルコニウムを混合しなかったこと以外は実施例3と同様にして正極活物質を得るとともに評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示すように、実施例1、2では、Zrを添加していない点以外は組成が同じである比較例1と比較すると余剰リチウム量が少ない正極活物質が得られていることが確認できた。このため、実施例1、2の正極活物質によれば、正極スラリーとした場合にゲル化を抑制できることを確認できた。なお、実際に実施例1、2の正極活物質を用いて作製した正極合材に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを添加して正極スラリーを調製した場合でも、ゲル化が生じないことを確認できた。また、実施例1、2ではLi2ZrO3の異相が確認されたが、比較例1では異相は確認されなかった。
Claims (10)
- リチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物粒子を含むリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質であって、
前記リチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物粒子は、一般式LidNi1-a-b-cMnaMbZrcO2+α(ただし、Mは、Co、W、Mo、Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、Cr、及びTaから選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、0.05≦a<0.60、0≦b<0.60、0.00003≦c≦0.03、0.05≦a+b+c≦0.60、0.95≦d≦1.20、-0.2≦α≦0.2である。)で表されるリチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物の一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子で構成され、
少なくともジルコニウムの一部は、前記一次粒子内部に分散しており、
中和滴定法によって求まる余剰リチウム量が0.02質量%以上0.09質量%以下であるリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。 - ICP発光分光法によって求まる残留カーボン量が0.01質量%以上0.04質量%以下である請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子内での最大ジルコニウム濃度が、前記一次粒子内の平均ジルコニウム濃度の3倍以下である請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記二次粒子の体積平均粒径MVが4μm以上20μm以下である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。
- 一般式LidNi1-a-b-cMnaMbZrcO2+α(ただし、Mは、Co、W、Mo、Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、Cr、及びTaから選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、0.05≦a<0.60、0≦b<0.60、0.00003≦c≦0.03、0.05≦a+b+c≦0.60、0.95≦d≦1.20、-0.2≦α≦0.2である。)で表されるリチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物の一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子で構成され、少なくともジルコニウムの一部が、前記一次粒子内部に分散したリチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物粒子を含むリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法であって、
一般式Ni1-x-yMnxM´y(OH)2+β(ただし、M´は、Co、W、Mo、Mg、Ca、Al、Ti、Cr、Zr及びTaから選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、0.05≦x≦0.60、0≦y≦0.60、0.05≦x+y≦0.60、-0.1≦β≦0.4)で表されるニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子と、ジルコニウム化合物と、リチウム化合物と、を含むリチウムジルコニウム混合物を得る混合工程と、
該リチウムジルコニウム混合物を酸化雰囲気中850℃以上1000℃以下で焼成することによりリチウムニッケルマンガン複合酸化物を得る焼成工程と、を含み、
前記リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質は、中和滴定法によって求まる余剰リチウム量が0.02質量%以上0.09質量%以下であるリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質は、ICP発光分光法によって求まる残留カーボン量が0.01質量%以上0.04質量%以下である請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 少なくともニッケルとマンガンを含む混合水溶液にアルカリ水溶液を加えて、前記ニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を晶析させる晶析工程をさらに有する請求項5または請求項6に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ジルコニウム化合物の平均粒径が0.01μm以上10μm以下であり、
前記ジルコニウム化合物が水酸化ジルコニウム、および酸化ジルコニウムから選択された1種類以上である請求項5~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記混合工程の前に、105℃以上700℃以下の温度で前記ニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を熱処理する熱処理工程をさらに有する請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質を含む正極を有するリチウムイオン二次電池。
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