WO2020029435A1 - 电磁超声波双波换能器 - Google Patents

电磁超声波双波换能器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020029435A1
WO2020029435A1 PCT/CN2018/112179 CN2018112179W WO2020029435A1 WO 2020029435 A1 WO2020029435 A1 WO 2020029435A1 CN 2018112179 W CN2018112179 W CN 2018112179W WO 2020029435 A1 WO2020029435 A1 WO 2020029435A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
coil
electromagnetic ultrasonic
casing
wave transducer
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2018/112179
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨龙
谢明明
金怡胜
周新宗
赵军辉
朱绪祥
沈宇平
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SUZHOU PHASERISE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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SUZHOU PHASERISE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Application filed by SUZHOU PHASERISE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical SUZHOU PHASERISE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to DK18929244.4T priority Critical patent/DK3835780T3/da
Priority to US17/266,127 priority patent/US11959817B2/en
Priority to EP18929244.4A priority patent/EP3835780B1/en
Publication of WO2020029435A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020029435A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US18/586,433 priority patent/US12449320B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2412—Probes using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/48—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using wave or particle radiation means
    • G01D5/50—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using wave or particle radiation means derived from a radioactive source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
    • G01N2291/2691—Bolts, screws, heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic detection, in particular to an electromagnetic ultrasonic double wave transducer.
  • Publication No. 1 (NDT & E International 42 (2009) 164-169) mentions the use of a specially designed piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer to cause ultrasonic longitudinal waves to switch modes on the bottom surface of the workpiece under test.
  • Publication 2 (Ultrasonics 54 (2014) 914-920) mentions the use of high-power power excitation and multiple averaging methods to make an electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave transducer generate a longitudinal wave at the bottom of the workpiece under test; the publication 3 (Journal of Instrumentation Vol. 17 (1996) No.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer, which can simultaneously excite longitudinal and transverse waves on the surface of a workpiece.
  • An electromagnetic ultrasonic double-wave transducer which includes a casing, and a permanent magnet component, a coil, a shielding layer, and a wire disposed in the casing;
  • the permanent magnet assembly includes a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet sleeved on the first permanent magnet, and the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are both perpendicular to the housing. At the bottom and their magnetic fields are in opposite directions, the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are made of a non-conductive and non-magnetic bushing material, and the upper ends of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are closed by a magnetic circuit Pieces to close the magnetic circuit;
  • the coil is fixed at the bottom of the housing and is located below the first permanent magnet, and the shielding layer is disposed between the lower end of the first permanent magnet and the coil, and below the second permanent magnet, the One end of the wire is connected to the coil and the other end is connected to a power and signal plug.
  • the first permanent magnet is cylindrical and the second permanent magnet is annular.
  • an inner diameter of the second permanent magnet is larger than an outer diameter of the first permanent magnet by 1 to 15 mm.
  • the coil has a spiral shape, and an outer diameter of the coil is larger than an outer diameter of the first permanent magnet and smaller than an inner diameter of the second permanent magnet.
  • a non-conductive material is filled between the coil and the shielding layer, and a non-conductive and non-magnetic material is filled between the permanent magnet component and the housing.
  • the casing includes a casing and a wear-resistant sheet disposed at a lower end of the casing.
  • An electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer includes a housing, and a permanent magnet component, a coil, a shielding layer, and a wire disposed in the housing, and the coil is fixed at the bottom of the housing and located below the permanent magnet component.
  • the shielding layer is disposed between the permanent magnet assembly and the coil, one end of the wire is connected to the coil and the other end is connected to a power plug, and the permanent magnet assembly includes a third permanent magnet, and
  • the third permanent magnet is a fourth permanent magnet arranged side by side and located on both sides of the width direction of the third permanent magnet, the fourth permanent magnet is spaced from the third permanent magnet, and the interval is non-conductive and non-conductive
  • the upper end surfaces of the third permanent magnet and the fourth permanent magnet are closed by a magnetic circuit closure member.
  • a cross section of the third permanent magnet and the fourth permanent magnet is rectangular.
  • the coil has a butterfly shape.
  • a non-conductive material is filled between the coil and the shielding layer, and a non-conductive and non-magnetic material is filled between the permanent magnet component and the housing.
  • the casing includes a casing and a wear-resistant sheet disposed at a lower end of the casing.
  • the ultrasonic transducer can simultaneously excite longitudinal and transverse waves on the surface of the workpiece, and use two modes of ultrasound to detect material properties such as the material's elastic modulus, defects, length, and stress, and avoid physical pressure.
  • the measurement error caused by the electric ultrasonic contract and the couplant time delay also avoids the detection errors that may be caused by the ultrasonic mode conversion and improves the detection accuracy.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of an electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer according to the present invention
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along A-A of 2;
  • Example 4 is an embodiment of the electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer of Example 1 when detecting the Young's modulus and Poisson's coefficient of an isotropic material, a transverse wave signal and a longitudinal wave signal are simultaneously excited;
  • Example 5 is an enlarged view of gains of a transverse wave signal and a longitudinal wave signal when the Young's modulus and Poisson coefficient of an isotropic material are detected by the electromagnetic ultrasonic dual wave transducer of Example 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal wave signal and a transverse wave signal generated by the electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer of Embodiment 1 when detecting bolt tension;
  • FIG. 7 is a one-to-one relationship between the ratio of the shear wave sound time and the longitudinal wave sound time generated by the electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer when detecting the tension of the bolt in Embodiment 1;
  • Example 8 is an enlarged view of a gain of a transverse wave signal and a longitudinal wave signal when the Young's modulus and Poisson coefficient of an isotropic material are detected in an electromagnetic ultrasonic dual wave transducer of Example 2;
  • an electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer which includes a casing 1, a permanent magnet assembly, a coil 4, a shielding layer 5, and a wire 6 disposed in the casing 1.
  • the permanent magnet assembly includes a cylindrical first permanent magnet 2 and a second permanent magnet 3 sleeved on the first permanent magnet 2.
  • the second permanent magnet 3 has a ring shape, and the first permanent magnet 2 and the second permanent magnet.
  • the magnetization directions of 3 are perpendicular to the bottom of the housing and their magnetic fields are opposite.
  • the first permanent magnet 2 and the second permanent magnet 3 are non-conductive and non-magnetic bushing material 9, and the first permanent magnet 2 and the second permanent magnet.
  • the upper end face of 3 is flush and the magnetic circuit is closed by the magnetic circuit closure 8.
  • the coil 4 is fixed at the bottom of the housing 1 and below the first permanent magnet 2.
  • the shielding layer 5 is provided between the lower end of the first permanent magnet 2 and the coil 4, and below the second permanent magnet 3.
  • One end of the wire 6 is connected to the coil 4 and The other end is connected to a power and signal plug 7.
  • the magnetic circuit closure 8 is a low-carbon steel or ferrite with a thickness greater than 3 mm.
  • the non-conductive and non-magnetic bushing material 9 is made of plastic, rubber or polymer material, such as bakelite material.
  • the inner diameter of the second permanent magnet 3 is 1 to 15 mm larger than the outer diameter of the first permanent magnet 2.
  • the coil 4 has a spiral shape, and its outer diameter is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the first permanent magnet 2 and smaller than that of the second permanent magnet 3. the inside diameter of.
  • the lower end faces of the first permanent magnet 2 and the second permanent magnet 3 may be flush or have a height difference of less than 3 mm, that is, the lower end face of the first permanent magnet 2 is located above the lower end face of the second permanent magnet 3, or the Below the lower end surface of the two permanent magnets 3.
  • the shielding layer 5 is a highly conductive copper or silver sheet, and is attached to the lower ends of the first permanent magnet 2 and the second permanent magnet 3.
  • a non-conductive material 10 such as air, resin, or a non-conductive soft magnetic material is filled between the coil 4 and the shielding layer 5.
  • a non-conductive and non-magnetic material 11 is filled between the permanent magnet component and the casing 1, and the non-conductive and non-magnetic material 11 is epoxy resin.
  • the coil 4 is made of a double-layer PCB board or an enameled wire.
  • the housing 1 includes a housing 1-1 and a wear-resistant sheet 1-2 provided at the lower end of the housing 1-1.
  • the wear-resistant sheet 1-2 is made of a ceramic sheet or an epoxy plate, and the housing 1-1 is made of stainless steel. , Aluminum alloy or copper material, the power and signal plug 7 is fixed on the upper part of the housing 1-1.
  • Embodiment 2 a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 is used. Others are the same as Embodiment 1, except that the structure of the permanent magnet assembly is different and the structure of the coil 4 is different.
  • the permanent magnet assembly includes a third permanent magnet 12, And a fourth permanent magnet 13 arranged side by side with the third permanent magnet 12 and located on both sides of the third permanent magnet 12 in the width direction, and a non-conductive and non-magnetic bushing material 9 is provided between the fourth permanent magnet 13 and the third permanent magnet 12 .
  • the cross sections of the third permanent magnet 12 and the fourth permanent magnet 13 are rectangular, and the coil 4 has a butterfly shape.
  • the first permanent magnet 2, the second permanent magnet 3, the third permanent magnet 12 and the fourth permanent magnet 13 are all neodymium iron boron materials.
  • the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer can simultaneously excite the ultrasonic transverse wave and ultrasonic longitudinal wave propagating vertically downward on the near surface of a conductive or magnetically permeable workpiece such as low carbon steel, aluminum alloy, and the amplitude of the longitudinal wave excited by the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer is matched with the supporting instrument.
  • the test can reach a maximum of 20% to 30% of the shear wave.
  • the ordinary electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer can hardly excite longitudinal waves.
  • the electromagnetic ultrasonic double wave transducer of Example 1 is used to detect the Young's modulus and Poisson's coefficient of an isotropic metal material.
  • T ⁇ C l / C s and ⁇ is the density.
  • ⁇ is the density.
  • 7.87 ⁇ 10 3 kg / m 3 is taken .
  • the Young's modulus and Poisson's coefficient of the material can be calculated.
  • the handheld high-power ultrasonic testing instrument PREMAT-HS200 produced by Suzhou Bosheng Technology Co., Ltd. was used as an electromagnetic ultrasonic transceiver, which was equipped with the electromagnetic ultrasonic double wave transducer according to the present invention.
  • the test workpiece select the "JB / T 4730-2005" CSK-IIA standard sample.
  • the material is 20 # steel, the workpiece is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the geometric dimensions are 300mm, 60mm, and 40mm in nominal length, respectively.
  • the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer is placed in the middle position of the upper surface of the detection workpiece, 170 mm from the left edge of the workpiece and 35 mm wide from the upper edge.
  • the test frequency is 4MHz
  • the excitation voltage is 1200Vpp
  • the display delay is 10 ⁇ s
  • the sampling time is 80 ⁇ s
  • the sampling speed is 100MS / s
  • the repetition frequency is 200Hz.
  • the test data of automatic gain is shown in Figure 4.
  • Fig. 5 is obtained by further increasing the gain on the basis of Fig. 4.
  • the multiple periodic echoes and mode conversion waves in Figure 5 are marked. It can be seen that the electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer of the present invention simultaneously excites longitudinal waves (one echo is LL) and transverse waves (one echo) on the surface of the workpiece. Wave is SS).
  • the transducer of the present invention can be used for accurate detection of bolt tension.
  • publication 5 Yuping Shen, G.B.Ma, C.Ma, X.X.Zhu and J.H.Zhao, "Bolt stress stress inspection by EMAT and PZT", 15th Asia Asia Pacific Conference for Non-Destructive Testing, Singapore
  • the bolt tension ⁇ can be expressed as
  • ⁇ is the ratio of the length of the clamping bolt, the bolt is ratio of the length to the total length of the tension by; E is Young's modulus; [alpha] is the acoustic shear wave elasticity coefficient; elastic coefficient beta] is an acoustic longitudinal wave; C S0 and C l0 is the shear wave and P-wave speed when there is no tension; TOF s is the bolt shear wave flight time; TOF l is the bolt P-wave flight time.
  • the transducer used in the present invention can excite longitudinal waves and transverse waves at the bolt detection end face at the same time.
  • FIG. 7 is the original data of the ratio of TOF s to TOF l and the tensile stress of the bolt during the calibration of the 42mm nominal diameter bolt used in FIG. 6 with a hydraulic bolt tension machine.
  • the corresponding relationship between the two is a relatively smooth one-to-one monotonic function, and the corresponding bolt tensile stress error range is relatively small.
  • a professional data processing method can also be applied to the one-to-one corresponding monotonic function shown in FIG. 7 to make the bolt tension stress detection more accurate.
  • the electromagnetic ultrasonic double wave transducer of Example 2 is used to detect the Young's modulus and Poisson's coefficient of an isotropic metal material.
  • Embodiment 2 corresponding to Embodiment 1 and FIG. 5 is FIG. 8.
  • the amplitude of the longitudinal wave generated simultaneously with the transverse wave on the workpiece surface in FIG. 8 is about one third of that in Example 1, but the final detection results of Young's modulus and Poisson's coefficient are not much different from those in Example 1.
  • the electromagnetic ultrasonic dual-wave transducer of Embodiment 2 is directional, and it is very advantageous to detect the P-wave and S-wave sound velocity of materials with regular textures such as cold-rolled steel plates or aluminum plates in all directions.

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Abstract

电磁超声波双波换能器，包括外壳（1）及设置在外壳（1）内的永磁体组件、线圈（4）、屏蔽层（5）和导线（6）；永磁体组件包括第一永磁体（2）及套设在第一永磁体（2）上的第二永磁体（3），第一永磁体（2）与第二永磁体（3）的充磁方向均垂直于外壳（1）底部且它们的磁场方向相反，第一永磁体（2）和第二永磁体（3）之间是不导电不导磁衬套材料（9），第一永磁体（2）、第二永磁体（3）上端面经磁路闭合件（8）实现磁路闭合；线圈（4）固定在外壳（1）底部并位于第一永磁体（2）的下方，屏蔽层（5）设置在第一永磁体（2）下端与线圈（4）之间、以及第二永磁体（3）的下方，导线（6）一端连接至线圈（4）且另一端连接至电源和信号插头（7）。该电磁超声波双波换能器可在工件表面同时激发纵波和横波，提高检测精度。

Description

电磁超声波双波换能器 技术领域
本发明涉及超声波检测技术领域，特别涉及一种电磁超声波双波换能器。
背景技术
在超声波检测领域，有时候需要用到两种模式的波来准确地检测工件的某些材料性质、尺寸或者缺陷。比如在球墨铸铁的球化率检测中，如果只有一种模式的波，就不容易区分飞行时间的变化是来自样品厚度的变化还是来自于超声波速度本身的变化。这极大地影响检测的有效性。又比如在螺栓的拉力检测中，如果只用一种模式的超声波，就无法知道超声波的飞行时间是来自于物体尺寸的变化还是来自螺栓拉应力引起的超声波速度的变化。这样就无法通过超声波的方法来检测螺栓拉力。
为了能产生两种不同模态的超声波，公开文献1(NDT&E International42(2009)164-169)提到了利用一个特殊设计的压电超声换能器使得超声纵波在被测工件的底面产生模式转换的横波；公开文献2(Ultrasonics 54(2014)914-920)提到了利用大功率电源激励以及多次平均的方法使得一个电磁超声横波换能器在被测工件的底部产生模式转换的纵波；公开文献3(仪器仪表学报Vol.17(1996)No.6 662-665)提到了利用两个压电换能器组合在一起分别在工件中产生超声纵波和超声横波；公开文献4(美国专利US8511165B2)提到了利用一个压电换能器和一个电磁超声换能器组合起来在工件表面分别产生纵波和横波。
以上公开文献中的方法都不能同时在所检测的工件表面产生纵波和横波，这造成了高精度检测的误差，特别是在螺栓拉力检测中的误差。公开文献1到4中所涉及到的压电换能器在超声波从压电晶片到工件表面传播或者反向传播的过程中都需要考虑锲块和耦合剂对超声波传播时间的影响。公开文献2和公开文献4所述的电磁超声换能器都无法在工件表面产生超声纵波。
发明内容
基于现有技术中的问题，本发明的目是提供一种电磁超声波双波换能器，可同时在工件表面激发出纵波和横波。
基于上述问题，本发明提供的技术方案之一是：
电磁超声波双波换能器，其包括外壳、及设置在所述外壳内的永磁体组件、线圈、屏蔽层和导线；
所述永磁体组件包括第一永磁体、及套设在所述第一永磁体上的第二永磁体，所述第一永磁体与所述第二永磁体的充磁方向均垂直所述外壳底部且它们的磁场方向相反，所述第一永磁体和所述第二永磁体之间是不导电不导磁衬套材料，所述第一永磁体、第二永磁体上端面经磁路闭合件实现磁路闭合；
所述线圈固定在所述外壳底部并位于所述第一永磁体的下方，所述屏蔽层设置在所述第一永磁体下端与所述线圈之间、以及第二永磁体的下方，所述导线一端连接至所述线圈且另一端连接至电源和信号插头。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述第一永磁体呈圆柱形，所述第二永磁体呈圆环状。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述第二永磁体的内径比所述第一永磁体的外径大1～15mm。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述第一永磁体与所述第二永磁体的下端面之间具有-3mm～3mm的高度差。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述线圈呈螺旋状，所述线圈的外径大于所述第一永磁体的外径且小于所述第二永磁体的内径。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述线圈与所述屏蔽层之间填充有不导电材料，所述永磁体组件与所述外壳之间填充有不导电不导磁材料。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述外壳包括壳体和设置在所述壳体下端的耐磨片。
基于上述问题，本发明提供的技术方案之二是：
电磁超声波双波换能器，其包括外壳、及设置在所述外壳内的永磁体组件、线圈、屏蔽层、及导线，所述线圈固定在所述外壳底部并位于所述永磁体组件的下方，所述屏蔽层设置在所述永磁体组件与所述线圈之间，所述导 线一端连接至所述线圈且另一端连接至电源插头，所述永磁体组件包括第三永磁体、及与所述第三永磁体并排设置且分别位于所述第三永磁体宽度方向两侧的第四永磁体，所述第四永磁体与所述第三永磁体间隔设置且所述间隔为不导电不导磁衬套材料，所述第三永磁体、第四永磁体上端面经磁路闭合件实现磁路闭合。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述第三永磁体与所述第四永磁体的横截面呈长方形。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述线圈呈蝶型。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述线圈与所述屏蔽层之间填充有不导电材料，所述永磁体组件与所述外壳之间填充有不导电不导磁材料。
在其中的一个实施例中，所述外壳包括壳体和设置在所述壳体下端的耐磨片。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
采用本发明的技术方案，该超声波换能器可以同时在工件表面激发出纵波和横波，用两种模式的超声波对材料弹性模量等材料性质、缺陷、长度、应力等物理量进行检测，避免压电超声契块和耦合剂延时带来的测量误测，也避免超声波模式转换有可能带来的检测误差，提高检测精度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明电磁超声波双波换能器实施例1的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图3为2的A-A剖视图；
图4为实施例1电磁超声波双波换能器检测各向同性材料杨氏模量和泊松系数时同时激发出横波信号和纵波信号；
图5为实施例1电磁超声波双波换能器检测各向同性材料杨氏模量和泊松系数时同时激发出横波信号和纵波信号的增益放大图；
图6为实施例1电磁超声波双波换能器检测螺栓拉力时同时产生的纵波信号和横波信号；
图7为实施例1电磁超声波双波换能器检测螺栓拉力时同时产生的横波声时和纵波声时之比与螺栓所受拉力成一一对应的关系；
图8为实施例2电磁超声波双波换能器检测各向同性材料杨氏模量和泊松系数时同时激发出横波信号和纵波信号的增益放大图；
其中：
1、外壳；1-1、壳体；1-2、耐磨片；
2、第一永磁体；
3、第二永磁体；
4、线圈；
5、屏蔽层；
6、导线；
7、电源和信号插头；
8、磁路闭合件；
9、不导电不导磁衬套材料；
10、不导电材料；
11、不导电不导磁材料；
12、第三永磁体；
13、第四永磁体。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对上述方案做进一步说明。应理解，这些实施例是用于说明本发明而不限于限制本发明的范围。实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据具体厂家的条件做进一步调整，未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的条件。
参见图1，为本发明实施例的结构示意图，提供一种电磁超声波双波换能器，其包括外壳1、及设置在外壳1内的永磁体组件、线圈4、屏蔽层5和导线6。
永磁体组件包括圆柱状的第一永磁体2、及套设在第一永磁体2上的第 二永磁体3，第二永磁体3呈圆环状，第一永磁体2和第二永磁体3的充磁方向均垂直外壳底部且它们的磁场方向相反，第一永磁体2与第二永磁体3之间为不导电不导磁衬套材料9，第一永磁体2与第二永磁体3的上端面齐平且经磁路闭合件8实现磁路闭合。
线圈4固定在外壳1底部并位于第一永磁体2的下方，屏蔽层5设置在第一永磁体2下端和线圈4之间、第二永磁体3的下方，导线6一端连接至线圈4且另一端连接至电源和信号插头7。
本例中，磁路闭合件8为厚度大于3mm的低碳钢或者铁氧体。不导电不导磁衬套材料9采用塑料、橡胶或者高分子材料，比如电木材料。
第二永磁体3的内径比第一永磁体2的外径大1～15mm，线圈4呈螺旋状，且其外径大于或等于第一永磁体2的外径且小于第二永磁体3的内径。第一永磁体2与第二永磁体3的下端面可齐平，也可具有小于3mm的高度差，即第一永磁体2的下端面位于第二永磁体3下端面的上方，或位于第二永磁体3下端面的下方。
本例中，屏蔽层5为高导电的铜片或银片，并贴付在第一永磁体2、第二永磁体3的下端。
为了进一步优化本实用新型的实施效果，在线圈4和屏蔽层5之间填充有不导电材料10，比如空气、树脂或者不导电的软磁材料。在永磁体组件与外壳1之间填充有不导电不导磁材料11，不导电不导磁材料11为环氧树脂。
本例中，线圈4为双层PCB板制作或者漆包线绕制。
本例中，外壳1包括壳体1-1和设置在壳体1-1下端的耐磨片1-2，耐磨片1-2采用陶瓷片或者环氧板，壳体1-1采用不锈钢、铝合金或者紫铜材料，电源和信号插头7固定在壳体1-1的上部。
参见图2-3，为实施例2的结构示意图，其它与实施例1相同，不同之处在于，永磁体组件的结构不同，线圈4的结构不同，该永磁体组件包括第三永磁体12、及与第三永磁体12并排设置并位于第三永磁体12宽度方向两侧的第四永磁体13，第四永磁体13与第三永磁体12之间为不导电不导磁衬套材料9。
本例中，第三永磁体12与第四永磁体13的横截面呈长方形，线圈4 呈蝶型。
实施中，第一永磁体2、第二永磁体3、第三永磁体12和第四永磁体13均为钕铁硼材料。
电磁超声波换能器可以在低碳钢、铝合金等导电或者导磁工件近表面同时激发出垂直向下传播的超声横波和超声纵波，该电磁超声波换能器激发的纵波的幅度在与配套仪器的测试中最高可以达到横波的20％到30％之间。而通常的电磁超声波换能器几乎不能够激发出纵波。
例如，采用实施例1的电磁超声波双波换能器检测各向同性金属材料的杨氏模量与泊松系数。
在各向同性材料中，弹性模量E和泊松系数υ与纵波C l和横波C s的速度关系为：
Figure PCTCN2018112179-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018112179-appb-000002
式中T≡C l/C s，ρ为密度，对20#碳钢取7.87×10 3kg/m 3。
所以只要能检测出材料纵波速度、横波速度以及密度就可以推算出材料的杨氏模量和泊松系数。
以苏州博昇科技有限公司生产的手持式大功率超声检测仪器PREMAT-HS200作为电磁超声收发仪，配备本发明所述的电磁超声波双波换能器。检测工件选择《JB/T 4730-2005》CSK-ⅡA标准试样，材料为20#钢，工件为长方体，几何尺寸标称长、宽和高分别为300mm、60mm和40mm。电磁超声换能器放置在检测工件上表面的中间位置，距离工件左边沿170mm，上边沿35mm宽。测试频率为4MHz，激励电压1200Vpp，显示延时10μs，采样时间80μs，采样速度100MS/s，重复频率为200Hz。自动增益的测试数据见图4。在图4基础上进一步增大增益得到图5。图5中多次周期性的回波以及模式转换波都被标注出来，可见，本发明电磁超声波双波换能器是在工件表面同时激发出纵波(一次回波为LL)和横波(一次回波为SS)。
由公式(1)和(2)以及表一中的数据计算有：
E＝2.1226×10 11Pa   (3)
ν＝0.285     (4)
该数据与试样标称值非常接近。
表一：工件表面激发出的纵波和横波飞行时间
Figure PCTCN2018112179-appb-000003
本发明的换能器可以用作螺栓拉力的精确检测。根据公开文献5(Yuping Shen,G.B.Ma,C.Ma,X.X.Zhu and J.H.Zhao,”Bolt stress inspection by EMAT and PZT”,15th Asia Pacific Conference for Non-Destructive Testing,Singapore)，螺栓拉力σ可以表达为
Figure PCTCN2018112179-appb-000004
式中γ是螺栓夹持长度比，也就是螺栓受拉力的长度与总长度的比值；E是杨氏模量；α是横波的声弹性系数；β是纵波的声弹性系数；C s0和C l0是在没有拉力时的横波和纵波速度；TOF s是螺栓横波飞行时间；TOF l是螺栓纵波飞行时间。对于材料参数标定过的螺栓，只要能精确地测出TOF s和TOF l就可以推算出螺栓受到的拉应力。本发明所用的换能器可以同时在螺栓检测端面激发出纵波和横波。图6所示是用本发明电磁超声双波换能器在一根直径42mm的螺栓端面同时激发出纵波(LL)和横波(SS)信号。这样可以同时精确地检测出TOF s和TOF l数值。图7是用液压螺栓拉力机对图6使用的42mm标称直径螺栓标定的过程中TOF s与TOF l之比与螺栓所加拉应力的原始数据。由图7可知，两者的对应关系是比较平滑的一一对应的单调函数，对应的螺栓拉应力误差范围比较小。专业的数据处理方法也可以应用于处理图7所示的一一对应单调函数、使得螺栓拉应力检测的精度更高。
例如，采用实施例2的电磁超声波双波换能器检测各向同性金属材料的 杨氏模量与泊松系数。
选用与实施例1相同的工件和检测参数之后，与实施例1图5对应的实施例2为图8。图8中在工件表面与横波同时产生的纵波幅值大约为实施例1的三分之一，但是最终杨氏模量与泊松系数的检测结果与实施例1相差不大。另外，实施例2的电磁超声波双波换能器是有方向性的，对有规则织构的材料比如冷轧钢板或者铝板在各方向上的纵波横波声速的检测非常有优势。
上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：包括外壳(1)、及设置在所述外壳(1)内的永磁体组件、线圈(4)、屏蔽层(5)和导线(6)；
    所述永磁体组件包括第一永磁体(2)、及套设在所述第一永磁体(2)上的第二永磁体(3)，所述第一永磁体(2)与所述第二永磁体(3)的充磁方向均垂直所述外壳(1)底部且它们的磁场方向相反，所述第一永磁体(2)和所述第二永磁体(3)之间是不导电不导磁衬套材料(9)，所述第一永磁体(2)、第二永磁体(3)上端面经磁路闭合件(8)实现磁路闭合；
    所述线圈(4)固定在所述外壳(1)底部并位于所述第一永磁体(2)的下方，所述屏蔽层(5)设置在所述第一永磁体(2)下端与所述线圈(4)之间、以及第二永磁体(3)的下方，所述导线(6)一端连接至所述线圈(4)且另一端连接至电源和信号插头(7)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述第一永磁体(2)呈圆柱形，所述第二永磁体(3)呈圆环状。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述第二永磁体(3)的内径比所述第一永磁体(2)的外径大1～15mm。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述第一永磁体(2)与所述第二永磁体(3)的下端面之间具有-3mm～3mm的高度差。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述线圈(4)呈螺旋状，所述线圈(4)的外径大于或等于所述第一永磁体(2)的外径且小于所述第二永磁体(3)的内径。
  6. 电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：包括外壳(1)、及设置在所述外壳(1)内的永磁体组件、线圈(4)、屏蔽层(5)、及导线(6)，所述线圈(4)固定在所述外壳(1)底部并位于所述永磁体组件的下方，所述屏蔽层(5)设置在所述永磁体组件与所述线圈(4)之间，所述导线(6)一端连接至所述线圈(4)且另一端连接至电源和信号插头(7)，所述永磁体组件包括第三永磁体(12)、及与所述第三永磁体(12)并排设置且分别位于所述第三永磁体(12)宽度方向两侧的第四永磁体(13)，所述第四永磁体(13)与所述第三永磁体(12)由不导电不导磁衬套材料(9)间隔，所述第三永磁体(12)、第四永磁体(13)上端面经磁路闭合件(8)实现磁路 闭合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述第三永磁体(12)与所述第四永磁体(13)的横截面呈长方形。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述线圈(4)呈蝶型。
  9. 根据权利要求1或6所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述线圈(4)与所述屏蔽层(5)之间填充有不导电材料(10)，所述永磁体组件与所述外壳(1)之间填充有不导电不导磁材料(11)。
  10. 根据权利要求1或6所述的电磁超声波双波换能器，其特征在于：所述外壳(1)包括壳体(1-1)和设置在所述壳体(1-1)下端的耐磨片(1-2)。
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