WO2020042576A1 - 一种光学成像系统 - Google Patents

一种光学成像系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020042576A1
WO2020042576A1 PCT/CN2019/076983 CN2019076983W WO2020042576A1 WO 2020042576 A1 WO2020042576 A1 WO 2020042576A1 CN 2019076983 W CN2019076983 W CN 2019076983W WO 2020042576 A1 WO2020042576 A1 WO 2020042576A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aberration compensation
lens group
compensation lens
optical imaging
polarized light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/076983
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
阮望超
戴杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP19855088.1A priority Critical patent/EP3764149A4/en
Priority to CN201990000016.9U priority patent/CN211698435U/zh
Publication of WO2020042576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020042576A1/zh
Priority to US17/073,389 priority patent/US12196979B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0055—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
    • G02B13/0065—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element having a beam-folding prism or mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • G02B2027/015—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features involving arrangement aiming to get less bulky devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/005—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for correction of secondary colour or higher-order chromatic aberrations
    • G02B27/0062—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for correction of secondary colour or higher-order chromatic aberrations by controlling the dispersion of a lens material, e.g. adapting the relative partial dispersion

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of optics, and in particular, to an optical imaging system.
  • Virtual reality refers to projecting digital content to the human eye through an optical imaging system, making people feel as if they are in a virtual world to realize an immersive virtual experience.
  • the most critical component in a VR device is the optical imaging system.
  • the core components of an optical imaging system include an imaging lens (or lens group) and a display screen.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of an optical imaging system provided in the prior art is provided.
  • the light emitted from the display screen is refracted by the imaging lens and then enters the pupil of the human eye.
  • the reverse extension line of the light entering the pupil of the human eye converges to form a virtual image in the distance.
  • the so-called virtual image is the image displayed on the enlarged display screen.
  • the angle that the virtual image opens to the human eye is the field of view (FoV).
  • the imaging clarity of VR devices is a key indicator for evaluating VR experience; the volume and weight of VR devices are the key indicators for evaluating the aesthetics and wearing comfort of VR devices.
  • the distance from the imaging lens to the display screen is the thickness of the optical imaging system, which determines the volume of the VR device, and the weight of the VR device depends on the volume of the VR device and the materials used by the VR device.
  • the entire optical path can be sandwiched between a reflective polarizer (RP) and a polarizer (adhered to a display screen) using the principle of a polarized folded optical path to reduce the volume of a VR device.
  • RP reflective polarizer
  • polarizer adherered to a display screen
  • all lenses with non-zero curvature in the optical imaging system use phase-independent materials (or materials without birefringence effect), that is, cold-worked glass materials.
  • the size of the VR device is reduced, the weight of the VR device has not been reduced because the density of glass is 2 to 6 times higher than that of plastic.
  • the aberration correction ability of spherical lenses is much weaker than that of aspherical lenses. Therefore, with the same number of lenses, the imaging clarity of spherical lenses is much lower than that of aspherical lenses .
  • the number of glass lenses must be increased, which will lead to a significant increase in the volume and weight of the VR device. If the volume and weight of VR equipment are to be reduced, the optical resin material can be used for the lens. However, the optical resin material has a birefringence effect, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in imaging definition.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an optical imaging system, which solves the problem of how to reduce the volume and weight of the optical imaging system and obtain higher imaging clarity under a larger FoV condition.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an optical imaging system.
  • the optical imaging system includes: a first aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a display screen. Each component is in accordance with the display screen and the first image.
  • the order of the aberration compensation lens group, the polarizer, and the optical imaging module is arranged in order. It can be understood that the first aberration compensation lens group is located between the display screen and the polarizer, and the optical imaging module is located behind the display screen, the first aberration compensation lens group, and the polarizer in the polarizer.
  • a display screen for emitting unpolarized light
  • a first aberration compensation lens group for aberration compensation of the unpolarized light emitted from the display screen
  • a polarizer for emitting from the first aberration compensation lens group Polarized light is transmitted in the unpolarized light after the aberration compensation
  • the optical imaging module is used to fold the optical path and emit polarized light
  • the optical imaging system includes a second aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module and
  • the display screen is composed of components in order of a display screen, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a second aberration compensation lens group.
  • the polarizing plate is located between the optical imaging module and the display screen
  • the second aberration compensation lens group is located behind the optical imaging module in the display screen, the polarizing plate, and the optical imaging module arranged in order.
  • a display screen for emitting unpolarized light
  • a polarizer for transmitting polarized light from the unpolarized light emitted from the display screen
  • an optical imaging module for folding an optical path and emitting polarized light
  • a second aberration compensation A lens group configured to perform aberration compensation on the polarized light emitted by the optical imaging module
  • the optical imaging system includes a third aberration compensation lens group, a fourth aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a display screen
  • the components are arranged in order according to the display screen, the third aberration compensation lens group, the polarizer, the optical imaging module, and the fourth aberration compensation lens group, in which: the display screen is used to emit unpolarized light; the third image
  • the optical imaging system separates the aberration compensation function and the imaging function of the optical imaging system.
  • the aberration compensation lens group that realizes the aberration compensation function is located between the display screen and the polarizer, and / or behind the optical imaging module in the display screen, the polarizer, and the optical imaging module arranged in order.
  • the aberration compensation lens is not limited by the material's birefringence characteristics, any optical resin material can be selected, and by reasonably selecting optical resin materials with different refractive indices, higher imaging clarity can be achieved.
  • the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • the volume is reduced by using a polarized folded optical path. Therefore, in the case of a larger FoV (for example, FoV> 70 °), the goal of reducing volume and weight and achieving higher imaging clarity is achieved at the same time.
  • the material of the aberration compensation lens group includes an optical resin. Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing the aberration compensation lens is increased, and the imaging clarity is effectively improved. At the same time, since the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • the aberration compensation lens group includes at least one aberration compensation lens, so that by increasing the number of aberration compensation lenses, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • at least one may be one, two, three or more, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the surface of the aberration compensation lens includes a refractive surface.
  • all surfaces of the lens are refractive surfaces.
  • the aberration compensation lens includes at least one curved surface. Therefore, by changing the shape of the aberration compensation lens, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • the optical imaging module includes a first quarter-wave plate, a transflective film, a second quarter-wave plate, and a reflective polarizer.
  • Each component is arranged in order according to the first quarter wave plate, the transflective film, the second quarter wave plate, and the reflective polarizer. It can be understood that the first quarter-wave plate is located between the polarizer and the reflective polarizer, the second quarter-wave plate is located between the first quarter-wave plate and the reflective polarizer, and the transflective film is located at the first Between a quarter-wave plate and a second quarter-wave plate.
  • the first 1/4 wave plate is used to change the first polarized light emitted by the polarizer to the first circularly polarized light
  • the transflective film is used to transmit the part of the light emitted from the first 1/4 wave plate
  • the first circularly polarized light emitted from the second quarter wave plate is reflected, and the second circularly polarized light emitted from the second quarter wave plate is reflected.
  • One circularly polarized light becomes the second polarized light, and the second polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizer is changed to the second circularly polarized light, and a part of the second circularly polarized light emitted by the transflective film is changed to the first polarization.
  • Light a reflective polarizer for reflecting the second polarized light emitted by the second quarter-wave plate, and transmitting the first polarized light emitted by the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the optical imaging module further includes an imaging lens group, the imaging lens group is located between the polarizer and the reflective polarizer, wherein the imaging lens group is configured to transmit the first polarized light, the first circularly polarized light, the second polarized light, or The second circularly polarized light.
  • the imaging lens group includes at least one imaging lens. Therefore, by increasing the number of imaging lenses, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • the imaging lens is an optical resin lens. Therefore, the design freedom of the imaging lens is increased, and the volume and weight of the optical imaging system are further reduced.
  • the imaging lens is a glass spherical mirror. Thereby, the imaging definition is improved.
  • the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, and the imaging lens are glued in order, and the imaging lens is the imaging lens closest to the display screen in the imaging lens group.
  • the volume of the optical imaging system is reduced.
  • An aberration compensation lens group is included between the display screen and the polarizer.
  • the aberration compensation lens group includes a first aberration compensation lens group and a third aberration compensation lens group.
  • the imaging lens, The first quarter-wave plate, polarizer, and aberration compensation lens are cemented in order.
  • the imaging lens is the imaging lens closest to the display screen in the imaging lens group, and the aberration compensation lens is the farthest distance from the display screen in the aberration compensation lens group. Aberration compensation lens.
  • the volume of the optical imaging system is reduced.
  • the transflective film is located on any one of the curved surfaces of the at least one imaging lens that is convex toward the display screen, except for the surface furthest from the display screen. .
  • the volume of the optical imaging system is reduced.
  • the aberration compensation lens group is located between the display screen and the polarizer.
  • the aberration compensation lens group includes a first aberration compensation lens group and a third aberration compensation lens group.
  • the polarizer and The first quarter-wave plate is sequentially attached to the farthest surface of the two surfaces of the aberration compensation lens, and the farthest surface of the two surfaces of the aberration compensation lens is the plane, and the aberration compensation lens is flat. It is the aberration compensation lens that is the farthest from the display screen in the aberration compensation lens group.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a head-mounted display device, including the optical imaging system, a processor, a memory, a bus, and a communication interface according to any one of the foregoing, wherein the memory is used to store image data, When the image data is executed by the processor, the display screen displays an image and emits unpolarized light.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an optical imaging system.
  • the optical imaging system includes: a first aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, and an optical imaging module.
  • the order of the sheets and the optical imaging module is arranged in order. It can be understood that the first aberration compensation lens group is located before the polarizer and the polarizer in the optical imaging module.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group is used for aberration compensation of the non-polarized light emitted from the display screen;
  • the polarizer is used for the unpolarized light after the aberration compensation emitted from the first aberration compensation lens group Medium transmission polarized light;
  • optical imaging module for folding the optical path and emitting polarized light; or
  • the optical imaging system includes a second aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, and an optical imaging module, and each component is based on the polarizer and the optical imaging module And the order of the second aberration compensation lens group is arranged in order. It can be understood that the second aberration compensation lens group is located behind the polarizing plate and the optical imaging module in the optical imaging module.
  • a polarizer for transmitting polarized light from the unpolarized light emitted from the display screen; an optical imaging module for folding the optical path and emitting polarized light; a second aberration compensation lens group for transmitting the optical imaging module The polarized light emitted is subjected to aberration compensation; or, the optical imaging system includes a third aberration compensation lens group, a fourth aberration compensation lens group, a polarizing plate, and an optical imaging module, and each component according to the third aberration compensation lens group The polarizer, optical imaging module, and fourth aberration compensation lens group are arranged in this order.
  • the third aberration compensation lens group is used to compensate aberrations of non-polarized light emitted from the display screen; the polarizer is used to The polarized light is transmitted from the aberration-compensated unpolarized light emitted by the third aberration compensation lens group; the optical imaging module is used to fold the optical path and emit polarized light; the fourth aberration compensation lens group is used for optical The polarized light emitted by the imaging module performs aberration compensation.
  • the optical imaging system separates the aberration compensation function and the imaging function of the optical imaging system.
  • the aberration compensation lens group that realizes the aberration compensation function is located before the polarizer and the polarizer in the optical imaging module, and / or after the polarizer and the optical imaging module in the optical imaging module.
  • the aberration compensation lens group is not limited by the material's birefringence characteristics, any optical resin material can be selected, and a reasonable selection of optical resin materials with different refractive indices can achieve higher imaging clarity.
  • the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • the volume is reduced by using a polarized folded optical path. Therefore, in the case of a larger FoV (for example, FoV> 70 °), the goal of reducing volume and weight and achieving higher imaging clarity is achieved at the same time.
  • the material of the aberration compensation lens group includes an optical resin. Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing the aberration compensation lens is increased, and the imaging clarity is effectively improved.
  • the aberration compensation lens group includes at least one aberration compensation lens, so that by increasing the number of aberration compensation lenses, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • at least one may be one, two, three or more, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the surface of the aberration compensation lens includes a refractive surface.
  • all surfaces of the lens are refractive surfaces.
  • the aberration compensation lens includes at least one curved surface. Therefore, by changing the shape of the aberration compensation lens, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • the optical imaging module includes a first quarter-wave plate, a transflective film, a second quarter-wave plate, and a reflective polarizer.
  • Each component is arranged in order according to the first quarter wave plate, the transflective film, the second quarter wave plate, and the reflective polarizer. It can be understood that the first quarter-wave plate is located between the polarizer and the reflective polarizer, the second quarter-wave plate is located between the first quarter-wave plate and the reflective polarizer, and the transflective film is located at the first Between a quarter-wave plate and a second quarter-wave plate.
  • the first 1/4 wave plate is used to change the first polarized light emitted by the polarizer to the first circularly polarized light
  • the transflective film is used to transmit the part of the light emitted from the first 1/4 wave plate
  • the first circularly polarized light emitted from the second quarter wave plate is reflected, and the second circularly polarized light emitted from the second quarter wave plate is reflected.
  • One circularly polarized light becomes the second polarized light, and the second polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizer is changed to the second circularly polarized light, and a part of the second circularly polarized light emitted by the transflective film is changed to the first polarization.
  • Light a reflective polarizer for reflecting the second polarized light emitted by the second quarter-wave plate, and transmitting the first polarized light emitted by the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the optical imaging module further includes an imaging lens group, the imaging lens group is located between the polarizer and the reflective polarizer, wherein the imaging lens group is configured to transmit the first polarized light, the first circularly polarized light, the second polarized light, or The second circularly polarized light.
  • the imaging lens group includes at least one imaging lens. Therefore, by increasing the number of imaging lenses, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • the imaging lens is an optical resin lens. Therefore, the design freedom of the imaging lens is increased, and the volume and weight of the optical imaging system are further reduced.
  • the imaging lens is a glass spherical mirror. Thereby, the imaging definition is improved.
  • the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, and the imaging lens are glued in order, and the imaging lens is the imaging lens closest to the first quarter-wave plate in the imaging lens group .
  • the volume of the optical imaging system is reduced.
  • an aberration compensation lens group In combination with the possible design described above, in another possible design, an aberration compensation lens group, an imaging lens, a first 1/4 wave plate, and a polarizing plate are included before the polarizing plate and the polarizing plate in the optical imaging module are sequentially arranged. It is cemented with the aberration compensation lens in order.
  • the imaging lens is the imaging lens closest to the first 1/4 wave plate in the imaging lens group.
  • the aberration compensation lens is the aberration compensation lens closest to the polarizer in the aberration compensation lens group.
  • the aberration compensation lens group includes a first aberration compensation lens group and a third aberration compensation lens group.
  • the transflective film is located on any one of the curved surfaces of the at least one imaging lens that is convex toward the polarizer, except for the surface farthest from the polarizer. .
  • the volume of the optical imaging system is reduced.
  • an aberration compensation lens group is included before the polarizers and the polarizers in the optical imaging module are arranged in order, and the polarizer and the first 1/4 wave plate are sequentially attached to The two faces of the aberration compensation lens are closest to the polarizer. The two faces of the aberration compensation lens are closest to the polarizer. The aberration compensation lens is the closest to the polarizer in the aberration compensation lens group.
  • the aberration compensation lens group includes a first aberration compensation lens group and a third aberration compensation lens group.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a head-mounted display device, including the optical imaging system, a display screen, a processor, a memory, a bus, and a communication interface according to any one of the foregoing, wherein the memory is used for storing Image data, so that when the image data is executed by the processor, the image is displayed, and unpolarized light is emitted.
  • the names of the optical imaging system and the head-mounted display device do not constitute a limitation on the device itself. In actual implementation, these devices may appear under other names. As long as the functions of each device are similar to the embodiments of the present application, they belong to the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical imaging system provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is an example diagram of an ideal imaging provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is an example diagram of an actual imaging provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a structural example diagram of an optical imaging system provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is a first structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a second structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a third structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a fourth structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a first structural example of a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a second structural example of a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used as examples, illustrations or illustrations. Any embodiment or design described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the embodiments of the present application should not be construed as more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the words “exemplary” or “for example” is intended to present the relevant concept in a concrete manner.
  • Aberration refers to the difference between an actual image and an ideal image.
  • FIG. 2 is an example diagram of an ideal image light path provided by the prior art. After all the light emitted by an infinitely small light emitting point is imaged by an ideal lens, they can converge at the same point to form an infinitely small image point. This infinitely small image point is called an ideal image.
  • (B) in FIG. 2 is an example of an ideal image provided by the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is an example diagram of an actual image light path provided by the prior art.
  • all light rays emitted by an infinitely small light emitting point cannot be converged at the same point after being imaged by an actual imaging lens, but form a diffuse spot, which is called an actual image.
  • sin ⁇ contains many higher-order terms, and these higher-order terms are the cause of aberrations.
  • the size of the diffuse spot is related to the aberration of the optical imaging system. The larger the diffuse spot, the larger the aberration; the smaller the diffuse spot, the smaller the aberration.
  • the larger the field of view angle and the larger the size difference between the object and the image the larger the aberration; meanwhile, the larger the aberration, the more variable parameters are needed in the optical imaging system, so that the aberration can be corrected.
  • the aberration is determined by the specific materials and surface types of the optical elements included in the optical imaging system. Therefore, the aberration can be corrected to a certain range by properly configuring the material characteristics of each optical element in the optical imaging system, the surface parameters of each effective optical element, and the positional relationship between different optical elements.
  • the number of imaging lenses can be increased, or the number of available optical surfaces can be increased, or certain surfaces of the imaging lens can be set as aspheric or free-form surfaces, variable parameters can be increased, or the material type of the imaging lens can be expanded Range of choices to increase the chance of reducing aberrations and more.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural example diagram of an optical imaging system provided in the prior art.
  • the optical imaging system includes a display screen, a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, a transflective film, a quarter-wave plate, a reflective polarizer (RP), and Imaging lens.
  • each component is arranged in order according to the display screen, the polarizer, the 1/4 wave plate 1, the transflective film, the 1/4 wave plate 2 and the reflective polarizer.
  • the imaging lens is located between any two adjacent optical elements of the polarizer, the 1/4 wave plate 1, the transflective film, the 1/4 wave plate 2 and the reflective polarizer.
  • the imaging lens is located between the quarter-wave plate 1 and the transflective film.
  • a polarizer is an optical element that can turn natural light into polarized light.
  • Polarizers can be divided into natural polarizers and artificial polarizers.
  • the natural polarizer is made of crystal.
  • the artificial polarizer is a composite material laminated with a polarizing film, an inner protective film, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and an outer protective film.
  • Polarizers can be divided into black and white polarizers and color polarizers according to the background color of the polarizer.
  • polarizing plate can be divided into three types: transmission, reflection and retro-transmission.
  • the polarizer refers to an absorptive polarizer. It has the function of shielding and transmitting incident light. For example, longitudinal light may be transmitted, and lateral light may be shielded; or lateral light may be transmitted, and longitudinal light may be shielded.
  • a quarter-wave plate can also be referred to as a 45-degree phase retarder.
  • the 1/4 wave plate is made of a birefringent material.
  • the light vector of the linearly polarized light is ⁇ 45 ° from the fast or slow axis of the 1/4 wave plate, the light passing through the 1/4 wave plate is circularly polarized; otherwise, when the circularly polarized light passes through the 1/4 wave plate, Into linearly polarized light.
  • a transflective film is a film that allows incident light to be partially transmitted and partially reflected.
  • transmission is the phenomenon that the incident light exits after being refracted through the object.
  • Objects that are transmitted are transparent or translucent bodies, such as glass or color filters. If the transparent body is colorless, most light is transmitted through the object except for a small amount of light that is reflected.
  • the ratio of the transmitted light intensity to the incident light intensity is typically used to characterize the transmissivity. The ratio of the reflected light intensity to the incident light intensity characterizes reflectivity.
  • An imaging lens is an optical element made of a transparent substance.
  • the material of the imaging lens may be glass or optical resin.
  • Optical resin is an organic compound that is easy to injection molding or compression molding, not easy to break, and has good light transmission. The density is less than 1.6g / cm3.
  • Glass lenses can also be referred to as phase-independent imaging lenses.
  • Optical resin lenses can also be called phase-dependent imaging lenses.
  • a phase-independent imaging lens means that when light passes through the device, light with different polarization directions does not introduce a phase difference, or it is understood that the device does not have a birefringence effect.
  • Phase-dependent imaging lens means that when passing through the device, the polarization characteristics will change, leading to stray light or ghosting.
  • the device has a birefringence effect and reduces imaging clarity.
  • transmissive linearly polarized light p light or s light
  • transmissive circularly polarized light should become transmissive elliptically polarized light.
  • the imaging lens used in the optical imaging system is a glass lens.
  • the imaging sharpness can be improved.
  • the density and density of glass is 2 to 6 times higher than that of plastic, resulting in a significant increase in the volume and weight of the optical imaging system.
  • the optical imaging system can be applied to a VR device, which is equivalent to increasing the volume and weight of the VR device. Therefore, how to reduce the volume and weight of the optical imaging system and obtain higher imaging clarity in the case of a larger FoV (for example, FoV> 70 °) is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an optical imaging system, and a basic principle thereof is: separating an aberration compensation function and an imaging function of the optical imaging system.
  • the aberration compensation lens group that realizes the aberration compensation function is located before the polarizer and the polarizer in the optical imaging module, and / or after the polarizer and the optical imaging module in the optical imaging module.
  • the aberration compensation lens group is not limited by the material's birefringence characteristics, any optical resin material can be selected, and a reasonable selection of optical resin materials with different refractive indices can achieve higher imaging clarity.
  • the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • an imaging lens that bears the main light deflection is located between the reflective polarizer and the polarizer to reduce the volume by using the polarization folding optical path. Therefore, in the case of a larger FoV (for example, FoV> 70 °), the goal of reducing volume and weight and achieving higher imaging clarity is achieved at the same time.
  • FoV for example, FoV> 70 °
  • FIG. 5 is a first structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical imaging system includes a first aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a display screen. Each component is arranged in order of the display screen, the first aberration compensation lens group, the polarizer, and the optical imaging module. It can be understood that the first aberration compensation lens group is located between the display screen and the polarizer, and the optical imaging module is located behind the display screen, the first aberration compensation lens group, and the polarizer in the polarizer.
  • the material of the first aberration compensation lens group can be selected from any optical resin material. Therefore, the first aberration compensation lens group can achieve higher imaging definition by rationally selecting optical resin materials with different refractive indices. At the same time, since the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group may include at least one aberration compensation lens. Therefore, by increasing the number of aberration compensation lenses, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • at least one may be one, two, three, or more, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the surface of the aberration compensation lens includes a refractive surface.
  • one surface of the aberration compensation lens is a diffractive surface, and the other surface is a refractive surface.
  • both surfaces of the aberration compensation lens are refractive surfaces.
  • the aberration compensation lens may further include at least one curved surface.
  • one surface of the aberration compensation lens is a curved surface, and the other surface is a flat surface.
  • both surfaces of the aberration compensation lens are curved surfaces.
  • the combination of the material, surface, and shape of the aberration compensation lens can be set according to the aberration size of the aberration compensation. Therefore, by changing the direction of light propagation from the surface of the aberration compensation lens and the shape of the aberration compensation lens, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group includes two or more aberration compensation lenses
  • the surface type of each aberration compensation lens in the lens is a curved surface or a flat surface, and the materials of the aberration compensation lens can be arbitrarily combined according to the magnitude of the aberration, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. Exemplarily, as shown in FIG.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group includes two aberration compensation lenses, and the surfaces of all the aberration compensation lenses included in the first aberration compensation lens group are refractive surfaces, and the first aberration The surface types of all the aberration compensation lenses included in the compensation lens group are curved.
  • the polarizing plate described in the embodiment of the present application refers to an absorption-type polarizing plate. It has the function of shielding and transmitting incident light. For example, longitudinal light may be transmitted, and lateral light may be shielded; or lateral light may be transmitted, and longitudinal light may be shielded.
  • Unpolarized light is light that vibrates in all directions.
  • the unpolarized light here can be understood as the divergent light emitted by the image displayed on the display screen.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group is configured to perform aberration compensation on the unpolarized light emitted from the display screen.
  • the specific aberration compensation method can adjust the material, surface, surface shape, and quantity of the aberration compensation lenses included in the first aberration compensation lens group according to the size of the aberration to achieve aberration of the unpolarized light emitted from the display screen. Compensation to reduce the difference between the actual image and the original image.
  • a polarizing plate is configured to transmit polarized light from aberration-compensated unpolarized light emitted from the first aberration compensation lens group.
  • Polarized light refers to light waves that have the same vibration direction of the light vector or have some regular variation. According to the nature of polarized light, polarized light can be divided into plane polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light and partially polarized light. If the vibration direction of the light vector is confined to a certain plane, such polarized light is called plane polarized light. Since the direction of the vibration is linear during the propagation, plane-polarized light can also be called linearly-polarized light.
  • the polarized light transmitted by the polarizer refers to linearly polarized light.
  • the linearly polarized light may be P light or S light. Understandably, unpolarized light includes both p-light and s-light.
  • P light refers to light with a polarization direction parallel to a reference plane.
  • the reference surface is related to the structure of the polarizer.
  • S light refers to light with a polarization direction perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • a polarizing plate transmits P light and shields S light.
  • Optical imaging module for folding the optical path and emitting polarized light.
  • the optical imaging module may include different optical elements to implement the folded optical path, and specifically may include the following implementation manners.
  • the optical imaging module includes a first quarter-wave plate, a transflective film, a second quarter-wave plate, and a reflective polarizer.
  • Each component is arranged in order according to the first quarter wave plate, the transflective film, the second quarter wave plate, and the reflective polarizer. It can be understood that the first quarter-wave plate is located between the polarizer and the reflective polarizer, the second quarter-wave plate is located between the first quarter-wave plate and the reflective polarizer, and the transflective film is located at the first Between a quarter-wave plate and a second quarter-wave plate. among them:
  • the first quarter-wave plate is used to change the first polarized light emitted by the polarizer to the first circularly polarized light.
  • the first polarized light is P light.
  • the first circularly polarized light is light having a phase delay of an odd multiple of ⁇ / 2.
  • a transflective film for transmitting a portion of the first circularly polarized light emitted from the first quarter-wave plate.
  • the second quarter-wave plate is used to change part of the first circularly polarized light emitted by the transflective film to the second polarized light.
  • the second polarized light is S light.
  • a reflective polarizer is used to reflect the second polarized light emitted by the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the second quarter-wave plate is also used to change the second polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizer to the second circularly polarized light.
  • the second circularly polarized light is light having a phase delay that is an odd multiple of the phase delay of the first circularly polarized light by ⁇ .
  • the transflective film is also used to reflect part of the second circularly polarized light emitted from the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the second quarter-wave plate is also used to change part of the second circularly polarized light emitted by the transflective film to the first polarized light.
  • the reflective polarizer is also used to transmit the first polarized light emitted from the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the reflective polarizer can be in any form. For example, such as a metal wire grid coating or a multilayer polymer material film, as long as its characteristic is to reflect linearly polarized light of a certain polarization direction and transmit linearly polarized light of a polarization direction perpendicular to the polarization direction. For example, P light is transmitted and S light is shielded.
  • the optical imaging module may further include an imaging lens group.
  • the imaging lens group is located between the polarizer and the reflective polarizer. Regardless of the position between the polarizer and the reflective polarizer, the polarization characteristics of the incident light are not changed, that is, the circularly polarized light is still circularly polarized when it exits, and the linearly polarized light is still polarized when it is incident Is linearly polarized light. If it is p-light at the time of incidence, it will still be p-light at the time of emission.
  • the imaging lens group is configured to transmit the first polarized light, the first circularly polarized light, the second circularly polarized light, or the second circularly polarized light.
  • the imaging lens group is located between the transflective film and the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the first quarter-wave plate is used to change the first polarized light emitted by the polarizer to the first circularly polarized light.
  • the first polarized light is P light.
  • the first circularly polarized light is light having a phase delay of an odd multiple of ⁇ / 2.
  • a transflective film for transmitting a portion of the first circularly polarized light emitted from the first quarter-wave plate.
  • An imaging lens group for transmitting a first circularly polarized light emitted from a semi-transparent mirror.
  • the second quarter-wave plate is configured to change a part of the first circularly polarized light emitted by the imaging lens group into the second polarized light.
  • the second polarized light is S light.
  • a reflective polarizer is used to reflect the second polarized light emitted by the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the second quarter-wave plate is also used to change the second polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizer to the second circularly polarized light.
  • the second circularly polarized light is light having a phase delay that is an odd multiple of the phase delay of the first circularly polarized light by ⁇ .
  • the imaging lens group is further configured to transmit the second circularly polarized light emitted from the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the transflective film is also used to reflect part of the second circularly polarized light emitted from the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the imaging lens group is also used to transmit a part of the second circularly polarized light emitted by the transflective film.
  • the second quarter-wave plate is also used to change part of the second circularly polarized light emitted by the imaging lens group to the first polarized light.
  • the reflective polarizer is also used to transmit the first polarized light emitted from the second quarter-wave plate.
  • the imaging lens group includes at least one imaging lens. Therefore, by increasing the number of imaging lenses, the imaging clarity is improved.
  • the imaging lens may be a glass spherical mirror.
  • the imaging lens includes at least one spherical surface.
  • one surface of the imaging lens is spherical and the other surface is planar.
  • both surfaces of the imaging lens are spherical.
  • the imaging lens may also be an optical resin lens.
  • the imaging lens may also include an arbitrary curved surface.
  • an optical resin lens with a small birefringence effect can be selected.
  • the surface shape of the aberration compensation lens in the first aberration compensation lens group should also be adaptively adjusted according to the imaging lens.
  • the imaging lens group includes more than two imaging lenses, whether the surface of each imaging lens in the two or more imaging lenses is spherical or flat, and the materials of the imaging lenses can be arbitrarily combined according to imaging clarity. This is not limited.
  • the imaging lens group includes two imaging lenses, and all imaging lenses included in the imaging lens group have curved surfaces.
  • the polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate can be attached to a substrate.
  • the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, and the imaging lens are glued in order. It can be understood that the first quarter wave plate is adhered to the imaging lens, and then the polarizer is adhered to the first quarter wave plate.
  • the imaging lens is the imaging lens closest to the display screen in the imaging lens group. For example, if the imaging lens group includes an imaging lens, the first quarter-wave plate is attached to the first surface of the imaging lens, and the polarizing plate is attached to the first quarter-wave plate.
  • the first surface of the imaging lens is the surface closest to the display screen among the two surfaces of the imaging lens, and the first surface of the imaging lens may be a flat surface.
  • the second side of the imaging lens is the side farthest from the display screen among the two sides of the imaging lens. If the imaging lens includes more than two lenses, the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, and the first surface of the imaging lens closest to the display screen are cemented in this order.
  • the transflective film is a plated film. If the imaging lens group includes two or more imaging lenses, the transflective film can be located at any position between the two or more imaging lenses and be affixed to the surface of the lens that is convex toward the display screen. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group includes an aberration compensation lens, and the surface types of the aberration compensation lenses are all curved surfaces, and the surfaces of the aberration compensation lenses are all refractive surfaces.
  • the transflective film can also be affixed to the convex surface facing the display screen that is farthest from the display screen among the imaging lenses included in the imaging lens group.
  • the transflective film may also be affixed to the surface of the imaging lens included in the imaging lens group that is furthest from the display screen toward the display screen.
  • the convex surface in the imaging lens may refer to a surface whose center point is closer to the display screen than the edge point.
  • the surface of the imaging lens that is concave toward the display screen may refer to a surface whose center point is closer to the display screen than the edge point.
  • the transflective film may be located between the first quarter-wave plate and the first surface of the imaging lens, that is, the transflective film is attached to the first of the imaging lens On the surface, the first quarter wave plate is pasted on the transflective film, and the polarizer is pasted on the first quarter wave plate.
  • the transflective film may be located on the curved surface of the two or more imaging lenses that is convex toward the display screen, except for the surface farthest from the display screen. On any other surface.
  • a first aberration compensation lens group is included between the display screen and the polarizing plate.
  • the aberration compensation lens, the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate and the imaging lens are cemented in this order. It can be understood that the polarizer is stuck on the aberration compensation lens, the first 1/4 wave plate is stuck on the polarizer, and the imaging lens is stuck on the first 1/4 wave plate.
  • the imaging lens is the imaging lens closest to the display screen in the imaging lens group, and the aberration compensation lens is the aberration compensation lens furthest from the display screen in the first aberration compensation lens group.
  • the volume of the optical imaging system is reduced. Exemplarily, as shown in FIG.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group includes one aberration compensation lens
  • the imaging lens group includes two imaging lenses.
  • the aberration compensation lens, the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, and the imaging lens closest to the display screen are cemented in this order.
  • the transflective film is attached to the convex surface of the imaging lens furthest from the display screen.
  • the surface to be bonded between the aberration compensation lens, the polarizing plate, the first quarter-wave plate, and the imaging lens may be a flat surface.
  • the surface glued between the aberration compensation lens, the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate and the imaging lens may also be a curved surface.
  • a first aberration compensation lens group is included between the display screen and the polarizer, and the polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate are both films.
  • the second surface of the aberration compensation lens is a flat surface
  • the polarizing plate and the first quarter-wave plate may be sequentially attached to the second surface of the aberration compensation lens.
  • the polarizer is attached to the second surface of the aberration compensation lens
  • the first quarter-wave plate is attached to the polarizer.
  • the second face of the aberration compensation lens is the face farthest from the display screen among the two faces of the aberration compensation lens.
  • the first surface of the aberration compensation lens is the surface closest to the display screen among the two surfaces of the aberration compensation lens.
  • the aberration compensation lens is the aberration compensation lens farthest from the display screen in the first aberration compensation lens group.
  • the first aberration compensation lens group includes one aberration compensation lens
  • the imaging lens group includes two imaging lenses.
  • the polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate are sequentially attached to the second surface of the aberration compensation lens.
  • the transflective film is attached to the convex surface of the imaging lens closest to the display. It should be noted that with the development of technology, when the aberration compensation lens is a curved surface, the polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate may also be attached to the curved surface of the imaging lens or the aberration compensation lens. This is not limited.
  • the second quarter-wave plate and the reflective polarizer can be affixed to the substrate or the imaging lens furthest from the display screen.
  • the optical imaging system separates the aberration compensation function and the imaging function of the optical imaging system.
  • a first aberration compensation lens group that realizes an aberration compensation function is disposed between the display screen and the polarizer.
  • the aberration compensation lens is not limited by the material's birefringence characteristics, any optical resin material can be selected, and by reasonably selecting optical resin materials with different refractive indices, higher imaging clarity can be achieved.
  • the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • an imaging lens that bears the main light deflection is located between the reflective polarizer and the polarizer to reduce the volume by using the polarization folding optical path. Therefore, in the case of a larger FoV (for example, FoV> 70 °), the goal of reducing volume and weight and achieving higher imaging clarity is achieved at the same time.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical imaging system includes a second aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a display screen.
  • Each component is arranged in order of a display screen, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a second aberration compensation lens group.
  • the polarizing plate is located between the optical imaging module and the display screen
  • the second aberration compensation lens group is located behind the optical imaging module in the display screen, the polarizing plate, and the optical imaging module arranged in order.
  • the difference from the first aberration compensation lens group located on the display screen and the polarizer is that there is no need to perform aberration compensation on the non-polarized light emitted by the display screen, and aberration compensation is performed on the polarized light emitted by the optical imaging module .
  • the display screen is used to emit unpolarized light.
  • a polarizer is used to transmit polarized light from the unpolarized light emitted from the display.
  • Optical imaging module for folding the optical path and emitting polarized light.
  • the second aberration compensation lens group is configured to perform aberration compensation on the polarized light emitted by the optical imaging module.
  • the second quarter-wave plate and the reflective polarizer can be attached to the aberration compensation closest to the reflective polarizer in the second aberration compensation lens group.
  • the lens For other materials, surfaces, surface shapes, and quantities of the second aberration compensation lens group, as well as specific implementations of the polarizer and the optical imaging module, reference may be made to the detailed descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which are not repeated in the embodiments of this application.
  • the optical imaging system provided in the embodiment of the present application separates an aberration compensation function and an imaging function of the optical imaging system.
  • the second aberration compensation lens group that realizes the aberration compensation function is disposed behind the optical imaging module among the display screen, the polarizing plate, and the optical imaging module which are sequentially arranged.
  • the aberration compensation lens is not limited by the material's birefringence characteristics, any optical resin material can be selected, and by reasonably selecting optical resin materials with different refractive indices, higher imaging clarity can be achieved.
  • the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • an imaging lens that bears the main light deflection is located between the reflective polarizer and the polarizer to reduce the volume by using the polarization folding optical path. Therefore, in the case of a larger FoV (for example, FoV> 70 °), the goal of reducing volume and weight and achieving higher imaging clarity is achieved at the same time.
  • FoV for example, FoV> 70 °
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical imaging system includes a third aberration compensation lens group, a fourth aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a display screen.
  • Each component is arranged in order of a display screen, a third aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a fourth aberration compensation lens group.
  • the display screen is used to emit unpolarized light.
  • the third aberration compensation lens group is used to perform aberration compensation on the unpolarized light emitted from the display screen.
  • a polarizing plate is configured to transmit polarized light from aberration-compensated unpolarized light emitted from the third aberration compensation lens group.
  • Optical imaging module for folding the optical path and emitting polarized light.
  • a fourth aberration compensation lens group is configured to perform aberration compensation on the polarized light emitted by the optical imaging module.
  • the materials of the aberration compensation lenses included in the third aberration compensation lens group and the fourth aberration compensation lens group may be the same or different.
  • both the material of the aberration compensation lens included in the third aberration compensation lens group and the material of the aberration compensation lens included in the fourth aberration compensation lens group may be optical resins.
  • the surface, surface shape, and number of the aberration compensation lenses included in the third aberration compensation lens group and the fourth aberration compensation lens group can be adjusted according to the size of the aberrations that need to be compensated.
  • specific implementation methods refer to In detail, the embodiments of the present application are not repeated here.
  • the polarizing plate and the optical imaging module reference may also be made to the detailed description in the foregoing embodiment, which is not repeatedly described in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the fourth aberration compensation lens group may be cancelled or the first
  • the aberration compensation lens included in the four aberration compensation lens group is set as an optical resin flat plate as a base of the reflective polarizer.
  • the polarizer and the first quarter wave plate may not be attached to the aberration compensation lens included in the third aberration compensation lens group, and may be independently attached to a flat or curved substrate to increase the third aberration compensation lens group Design freedom, which helps to improve imaging clarity.
  • the optical imaging system separates the aberration compensation function and the imaging function of the optical imaging system.
  • the aberration compensation lens group that realizes the aberration compensation function is located between the display screen and the polarizing plate, and behind the optical imaging module among the display screen, the polarizing plate, and the optical imaging module in order.
  • the aberration compensation lens is not limited by the material's birefringence characteristics, any optical resin material can be selected, and by reasonably selecting optical resin materials with different refractive indices, higher imaging clarity can be achieved.
  • the density of the optical resin material is low, the weight of the optical imaging system is effectively reduced.
  • an imaging lens that bears the main light deflection is located between the reflective polarizer and the polarizer to reduce the volume by using the polarization folding optical path. Therefore, in the case of a larger FoV (for example, FoV> 70 °), the goal of reducing volume and weight and achieving higher imaging clarity is achieved at the same time.
  • FoV for example, FoV> 70 °
  • an anti-reflection treatment is required on the contact surface of any two different materials (glass, optical resin, air, film material), such as plating an anti-reflection coating.
  • the optical imaging systems described in the above embodiments can be applied to a head-mounted display device, such as a VR device.
  • the VR device may be a VR helmet, VR glasses, or cinema glasses.
  • the viewing glasses may be a VR device with a rectangular virtual display.
  • the viewing glasses can also be VR devices with virtual display screens that are circular or arc-shaped with cut edges.
  • FIG. 15 is a structural example of a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the head-mounted display device may include at least one processor 1501, a memory 1502, a communication interface 1503, and a communication bus. 1504 and optical imaging system 1505.
  • the processor 1501 is a control center of a head-mounted display device, and may be a processor or a collective name of a plurality of processing elements.
  • the processor 1501 may include a central processing unit (CPU) or multiple CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG. 15.
  • the processor 1501 may also be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application, such as one or more microprocessors (digital signal processors, (DSP), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the processor 1501 can cause the display screen included in the optical imaging system 1505 to display an image by running or executing image data stored in the memory 1502 in the head-mounted display device. In order to facilitate the optical imaging system 1505 to present a virtual image of the image displayed on the display screen.
  • the head-mounted display device may include multiple processors, such as the processor 1501 and the processor 1506 shown in FIG. 15. Each of these processors can be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU).
  • a processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (such as computer program instructions).
  • the memory 1502 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (random access memory, RAM), or other types that can store information and instructions
  • the dynamic storage device can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), read-only memory (EEPROM), disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store instructions or data structures
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the memory 1502 is configured to store image data, and is controlled and executed by the processor 1501.
  • the optical imaging system 1505 may be connected to the memory 1502 and the processor 1501 through a bus, so as to display the image content stored in the memory 1502.
  • the communication interface 1503 is configured to communicate with other devices or a communication network.
  • the communication interface 1503 may include a receiving unit to implement a receiving function, and a transmitting unit to implement a transmitting function.
  • the communication bus 1504 may be an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, an external device component (PCI) bus, or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus.
  • ISA industry standard architecture
  • PCI external device component
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in FIG. 15, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the device structure shown in FIG. 15 does not constitute a limitation on the head-mounted display device, and may include more or fewer parts than shown, or some parts may be combined, or different parts may be arranged.
  • the optical imaging system described in the foregoing embodiments may not include a display screen, and the display screen is divided into a head-mounted display device.
  • FIG. 16 is a structural example of an optical imaging system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical imaging system includes: a first aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, and an optical imaging module, and each component is arranged in order according to the order of the first aberration compensation lens group, the polarizer, and the optical imaging module.
  • FIG. 17 is a twelfth structural example of an optical imaging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical imaging system includes a second aberration compensation lens group, a polarizing plate, and an optical imaging module, and each component is arranged in order according to the order of the polarizing plate, the optical imaging module, and the second aberration compensation lens group.
  • FIG. 18 is a structural example of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 13.
  • the optical imaging system includes a third aberration compensation lens group, a fourth aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, and an optical imaging module.
  • Each component is in accordance with a third aberration compensation lens group, a polarizer, an optical imaging module, and a fourth aberration.
  • the order of the compensation lens groups is arranged in order.
  • FIG. 19 is a second structural example of a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the head-mounted display device may include at least one processor 1901, a memory 1902, a communication interface 1903, a communication bus 1904, an optical imaging system 1905, and a display screen 1906.
  • processor 1901 a processor 1901
  • memory 1902 the memory 1902
  • communication interface 1903 the communication interface 1903
  • communication bus 1904 the communication bus 1904
  • an optical imaging system 1905
  • FIG. 19 is a second structural example of a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the head-mounted display device may include at least one processor 1901, a memory 1902, a communication interface 1903, a communication bus 1904, an optical imaging system 1905, and a display screen 1906.
  • FIG. 15 the display screen 1906.
  • the implementation methods described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined and set according to the requirements of specific application scenarios (products), so as to achieve the goals of reducing volume and weight and obtaining higher imaging clarity at the same time.
  • the embodiments of the present application are proposed for the optical imaging system of a VR device, and each embodiment is a coaxial optical system, the principle can also be extended to an augmented reality (AR) optical imaging system, and An optical path deflection device can also be added to make it an off-axis optical system.
  • AR augmented reality

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  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种光学成像系统，包括：第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏，各组成部分按照显示屏、第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块的顺序排列。显示屏用于发射非偏振光；第一像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿；偏振片，用于从第一像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光。这种光学成像系统，解决了如何在较大FoV的情况下，减小光学成像系统体积和重量，同时获得较高的成像清晰度的问题。

Description

一种光学成像系统
本申请要求于2018年08月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811012149.6、申请名称为“一种光学成像系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及光学领域，尤其涉及一种光学成像系统。
背景技术
虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)是指通过光学成像系统将数字化的内容投射到人眼，让人仿佛置身于虚拟世界当中，实现沉浸式虚拟体验。在VR设备中最关键的部件是光学成像系统。光学成像系统最核心的部件包含成像透镜(或透镜组)和显示屏。如图1所示，为现有技术提供的一种光学成像系统原理示意图。显示屏发出的光经过成像透镜折射后入射到人眼瞳孔，进入人眼瞳孔的光线的反向延长线汇聚在远处形成虚像，人眼观看到的图像就是所述虚像。所谓虚像就是放大的显示屏显示的图像。该虚像对人眼所张开的角度即为视场角(field of view，FoV)。
VR设备的成像清晰度是评价VR体验的关键指标；VR设备的体积和重量是评价VR设备的美观性和穿戴舒适性的关键指标。从成像透镜到显示屏的距离为光学成像系统的厚度，其决定了VR设备的体积，而VR设备的重量取决于VR设备的体积和VR设备所用的材料。
现有技术中，可以使用偏振折叠光路原理将整个光路夹在反射偏振片(reflective polarizer，RP)和偏振片(贴在显示屏上)之间，来缩小VR设备的体积。在这种情况下，光学成像系统中所有的曲率不为零的透镜均选用相位无关的材料(或无双折射效应的材料)，即冷加工玻璃材料。虽然缩小了VR设备的体积，但是，由于玻璃的密度比塑料高2～6倍，VR设备的重量仍没有减小。同时，由于冷加工玻璃材料一般为球面镜片，球面镜片的像差校正能力相比非球面镜片而言弱很多，因此在同样镜片数量下，球面镜的成像清晰度远比非球面镜片的成像清晰度低。为了提升成像清晰度，则必须增加玻璃镜片的数量，这样将导致VR设备的体积和重量大大增加。如果要减小VR设备的体积和重量，透镜可以采用光学树脂材料，但是，由于光学树脂材料具有双折射效应，必然会导致成像清晰度下降。
因此，如何在较大FoV的情况下，减小光学成像系统的体积和重量，同时获得较高的成像清晰度是一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种光学成像系统，解决了如何在较大的FoV条件下的情况下，减小光学成像系统的体积和重量，同时获得较高的成像清晰度的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光学成像系统，该光学成像系统包括：第一 像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏，各组成部分按照显示屏、第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块的顺序依次排列。可理解的，第一像差补偿透镜组位于显示屏与偏振片之间，光学成像模块位于从依次排列的显示屏、第一像差补偿透镜组和偏振片中的偏振片之后。其中：显示屏，用于发射非偏振光；第一像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿；偏振片，用于从第一像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光；或者，光学成像系统包括第二像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏，各组成部分按照显示屏、偏振片、光学成像模块和第二像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列。可理解的，偏振片位于光学成像模块与显示屏之间，第二像差补偿透镜组位于从依次排列的显示屏、偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。其中：显示屏，用于发射非偏振光；偏振片，用于从显示屏发射出的非偏振光中透射偏振光；光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光；第二像差补偿透镜组，用于对光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿；或者，光学成像系统包括第三像差补偿透镜组、第四像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏，各组成部分按照显示屏、第三像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和第四像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列，其中：显示屏，用于发射非偏振光；第三像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿；偏振片，用于从第三像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光；第四像差补偿透镜组，用于对光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿。
本申请实施例提供的光学成像系统，将光学成像系统的像差补偿功能和成像功能分离。将实现像差补偿功能的像差补偿透镜组位于显示屏与偏振片之间，和/或从依次排列的显示屏、偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。在这种情况下，由于像差补偿透镜不受材料双折射特性的限制，可以选择任意的光学树脂材料，通过合理选择不同折射率的光学树脂材料，实现较高的成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。另外，利用偏振折叠光路缩小体积。从而，在较大FoV的情况下(例如，FoV>70°)，同时达到减小体积和重量，获得较高的成像清晰度的目标。
在一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜组的材料包含光学树脂。从而，增加了像差补偿透镜的设计自由度，有效地提高了成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。
在另一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜组包括至少一个像差补偿透镜，从而，通过增加像差补偿透镜的个数，提高成像清晰度。在本申请实施例中，至少一个可以是一个、两个、三个或者更多个，本申请不做限定。
对于像差补偿透镜组中的任意一个像差补偿透镜，在另一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜的表面包括折射面。示例性的，透镜的所有表面为折射面。从而，通过改变像差补偿透镜的表面对光线的传播方向，提高成像清晰度。
在另一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜包括至少一个曲面。从而，通过改变像差补偿透镜的面型，提高成像清晰度。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，光学成像模块包括第一1/4波片、 半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片。各组成部分按照第一1/4波片、半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片依次排列。可理解的，第一1/4波片位于偏振片与反射偏振片之间，第二1/4波片位于第一1/4波片与反射偏振片之间，半透半反膜位于第一1/4波片和第二1/4波片之间。其中：第一1/4波片，用于将偏振片发射出的第一偏振光变为第一圆偏振光；半透半反膜，用于透射出部分从第一1/4波片发射出的第一圆偏振光，以及反射出部分从第二1/4波片发射出的第二圆偏振光；第二1/4波片，用于将半透半反膜发射出的部分第一圆偏振光变为第二偏振光，以及将反射偏振片反射的第二偏振光变为第二圆偏振光，将半透半反膜发射出的部分第二圆偏振光变为第一偏振光；反射偏振片，用于反射第二1/4波片发射出的第二偏振光，以及透射第二1/4波片发射出的第一偏振光。
进一步的，光学成像模块还包括成像透镜组，成像透镜组位于偏振片与反射偏振片之间，其中，成像透镜组，用于透射第一偏振光、第一圆偏振光、第二偏振光或第二圆偏振光。
在一种可能的设计中，成像透镜组包括至少一个成像透镜。从而，通过增加成像透镜的个数，提高成像清晰度。
对于成像透镜组中的任意一个成像透镜，在另一种可能的设计中，成像透镜为光学树脂透镜。从而，增加了成像透镜的设计自由度，进一步减小了光学成像系统的体积和重量。
在另一种可能的设计中，成像透镜为玻璃球面镜。从而，提高了成像清晰度。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，偏振片、第一1/4波片和成像透镜依次胶合，成像透镜为成像透镜组中距离显示屏最近的成像透镜。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。
在显示屏与偏振片之间包括像差补偿透镜组，例如，像差补偿透镜组包括第一像差补偿透镜组和第三像差补偿透镜组，在一种可能的设计中，成像透镜、第一1/4波片、偏振片和像差补偿透镜依次胶合，成像透镜为成像透镜组中距离显示屏最近的成像透镜，像差补偿透镜为像差补偿透镜组中距离显示屏最远的像差补偿透镜。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，半透半反膜位于至少一个成像透镜的凸向显示屏方向的曲面中除了距离显示屏最远的面之外的其他任意一个曲面上。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。
在像差补偿透镜组位于显示屏与偏振片之间，如像差补偿透镜组包括第一像差补偿透镜组和第三像差补偿透镜组，在另一种可能的设计中，偏振片和第一1/4波片依次贴于像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离显示屏最远的面，像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离显示屏最远的面为平面，像差补偿透镜为像差补偿透镜组中距离显示屏最远的像差补偿透镜。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种头戴式显示设备，包括：上述任一项所述的光学成像系统、处理器、存储器、总线和通信接口，其中，存储器用于存储图像数据，使得图像数据被处理器执行时使显示屏显示图像，发射出非偏振光。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光学成像系统，该光学成像系统包括：第一 像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块，各组成部分按照第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块的顺序依次排列。可理解的，第一像差补偿透镜组位于依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的偏振片之前。其中：第一像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿；偏振片，用于从第一像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光；或者，光学成像系统包括第二像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块，各组成部分按照偏振片、光学成像模块和第二像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列。可理解的，第二像差补偿透镜组位于依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。其中：偏振片，用于从显示屏发射出的非偏振光中透射偏振光；光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光；第二像差补偿透镜组，用于对光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿；或者，光学成像系统包括第三像差补偿透镜组、第四像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块，各组成部分按照第三像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和第四像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列，其中：第三像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿；偏振片，用于从第三像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光；第四像差补偿透镜组，用于对光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿。
本申请实施例提供的光学成像系统，将光学成像系统的像差补偿功能和成像功能分离。将实现像差补偿功能的像差补偿透镜组位于依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的偏振片之前，和/或依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。在这种情况下，由于像差补偿透镜组不受材料双折射特性的限制，可以选择任意的光学树脂材料，通过合理选择不同折射率的光学树脂材料，实现较高的成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。另外，利用偏振折叠光路缩小体积。从而，在较大FoV的情况下(例如，FoV>70°)，同时达到减小体积和重量，获得较高的成像清晰度的目标。
在一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜组的材料包含光学树脂。从而，增加了像差补偿透镜的设计自由度，有效地提高了成像清晰度。
在另一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜组包括至少一个像差补偿透镜，从而，通过增加像差补偿透镜的个数，提高成像清晰度。在本申请实施例中，至少一个可以是一个、两个、三个或者更多个，本申请不做限定。
对于像差补偿透镜组中的任意一个像差补偿透镜，在另一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜的表面包括折射面。示例性的，透镜的所有表面为折射面。从而，通过改变像差补偿透镜的表面对光线的传播方向，提高成像清晰度。
在另一种可能的设计中，像差补偿透镜包括至少一个曲面。从而，通过改变像差补偿透镜的面型，提高成像清晰度。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，光学成像模块包括第一1/4波片、半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片。各组成部分按照第一1/4波片、半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片依次排列。可理解的，第一1/4波片位于偏振片与反射偏振片之间，第二1/4波片位于第一1/4波片与反射偏振片之间，半透半反膜位于第一1/4波片和第二1/4波片之间。其中：第一1/4波片，用于将偏振片发射出的第一偏振光变 为第一圆偏振光；半透半反膜，用于透射出部分从第一1/4波片发射出的第一圆偏振光，以及反射出部分从第二1/4波片发射出的第二圆偏振光；第二1/4波片，用于将半透半反膜发射出的部分第一圆偏振光变为第二偏振光，以及将反射偏振片反射的第二偏振光变为第二圆偏振光，将半透半反膜发射出的部分第二圆偏振光变为第一偏振光；反射偏振片，用于反射第二1/4波片发射出的第二偏振光，以及透射第二1/4波片发射出的第一偏振光。
进一步的，光学成像模块还包括成像透镜组，成像透镜组位于偏振片与反射偏振片之间，其中，成像透镜组，用于透射第一偏振光、第一圆偏振光、第二偏振光或第二圆偏振光。
在一种可能的设计中，成像透镜组包括至少一个成像透镜。从而，通过增加成像透镜的个数，提高成像清晰度。
对于成像透镜组中的任意一个成像透镜，在另一种可能的设计中，成像透镜为光学树脂透镜。从而，增加了成像透镜的设计自由度，进一步减小了光学成像系统的体积和重量。
在另一种可能的设计中，成像透镜为玻璃球面镜。从而，提高了成像清晰度。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，偏振片、第一1/4波片和成像透镜依次胶合，成像透镜为成像透镜组中距离第一1/4波片最近的成像透镜。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，在依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的偏振片之前包括像差补偿透镜组，成像透镜、第一1/4波片、偏振片和像差补偿透镜依次胶合，成像透镜为成像透镜组中距离第一1/4波片最近的成像透镜，像差补偿透镜为像差补偿透镜组中距离偏振片最近的像差补偿透镜，像差补偿透镜组包括第一像差补偿透镜组和第三像差补偿透镜组。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，半透半反膜位于至少一个成像透镜的凸向偏振片方向的曲面中除了距离偏振片最远的面之外的其他任意一个曲面上。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。
结合上述可能的设计，在另一种可能的设计中，在依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的偏振片之前包括像差补偿透镜组，偏振片和第一1/4波片依次贴于像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离偏振片最近的面，像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离偏振片最近的面为平面，像差补偿透镜为像差补偿透镜组中距离偏振片最近的像差补偿透镜，像差补偿透镜组包括第一像差补偿透镜组和第三像差补偿透镜组。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种头戴式显示设备，包括：上述任一项所述的光学成像系统、显示屏、处理器、存储器、总线和通信接口，其中，存储器用于存储图像数据，使得图像数据被处理器执行时使显示图像，发射出非偏振光。
另外，上述任意方面的设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见第一方面和第二方面中不同设计方式所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例中，光学成像系统、头戴式显示设备的名字对设备本身不构成限定，在实际实现中，这些设备可以以其他名称出现。只要各个设备的功能和本申请实施例类似，属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内。
附图说明
图1为现有技术提供的一种光学成像系统原理示意图；
图2为现有技术提供的一种理想成像的示例图；
图3为现有技术提供的一种实际成像的示例图；
图4为现有技术提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图一；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图二；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图三；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图四；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图五；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图六；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图七；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图八；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图九；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种头戴式显示设备的结构示例图一；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十一；
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十二；
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十三；
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种头戴式显示设备的结构示例图二。
具体实施方式
在本申请实施例中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
为了下述各实施例的描述清楚简洁，首先给出相关技术的简要介绍：
像差是指实际像与理想像之间的差异。
图2中的(a)为现有技术提供的一种理想像光路示例图。一个无限小的发光点发出的所有光线经过理想透镜成像后，可以会聚在同一个点形成一个无限小的像点，该无限小的像点称为理想像。图2中的(b)为现有技术提供的一种理想像示例图。
但是，理想透镜仅仅是为了理论分析而简化出来的理想模型，实际应用中并不存在。图3中的(a)为现有技术提供的一种实际像光路示例图。在光学成像系统中，一个无限小的发光点发出的所有光线经过实际的成像透镜成像后，无法会聚于同一点，而是形成一个弥散斑，该弥散斑称为实际像。图3中的(b)为现有技术提供的一种实际像示例图。原因在于：在理想光学成像分析过程中，对折射定律公式进行了一定的简化，例如，“sinθ＝θ”，θ表示光线与光轴的夹角。当θ较小时这种近似是成立的，而当θ较大时这种近似不成立，按照sin函数的级数展开
Figure PCTCN2019076983-appb-000001
sinθ包含了很多高次项，这些高次项就是产生像差的原因。弥散斑的大小与光学成像系统的像差有关。弥散斑越大，像差越大；弥散斑越小，像差越小。
在现有技术中，除了平面反射镜成像之外，不存在没有像差的光学成像系统。完全消除像差是不可能的，也是没有必要的，因为所有的光能接收器都具有一定分辨率，例如，人眼或电荷耦合元件(charge-coupled device，CCD)。在光学成像过程中只需要根据需求将像差校正到某一范围内，使光能接收器不能察觉，即可认为像质的质量较高。像差校正也可以称为像差补偿。
通常，视场角越大、物和像的尺寸差距越大，则像差越大；同时，像差越大，光学成像系统中需要的可变参数越多，这样才能实现像差校正。由于像差是由光学成像系统包括的各光学元件的具体材料和面型共同决定的。因此，可以通过合理地配置光学成像系统中各光学元件的材料特性、各个有效光学元件的面型参数及不同光学元件之间的位置关系，将像差校正到一定范围内。例如，可以增加成像透镜的数量，或者，增加可利用的光学面的数量，或者，将成像透镜的某些面设置为非球面或自由曲面，增加可变参数，或者，扩展成像透镜的材料类型的选择范围来增加降低像差的机会等等。
示例性的，图4为现有技术提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图。该光学成像系统包括显示屏、偏振片(polarizer)、1/4波片(quarter-wave plate)1、半透半反膜、1/4波片2、反射偏振片(reflective polarizer，RP)和成像透镜。根据光路原理，各组成部分按照显示屏、偏振片、1/4波片1、半透半反膜、1/4波片2和反射偏振片依次排列。成像透镜位于偏振片、1/4波片1、半透半反膜、1/4波片2和反射偏振片的任意相邻两个光学元件之间。例如，如图4所示，成像透镜位于1/4波片1与半透半反膜之间。
偏振片是指可以使天然光变成偏振光的光学元件。偏振片可分为天然偏振片和人造偏振片。天然偏振片由晶体制成。人造偏振片是由偏振膜、内保护膜、压敏胶层及外保护膜层压而成的复合材料。根据偏振片的底色偏振片可以分为黑白偏振片和彩色偏振片两种类型。根据偏振片的应用偏振片可以划分成透射、透反射及反透射三种类型。在该实施例中，该偏振片是指吸收型偏振片(absorptive polarizer)。对入射光具有遮蔽和透过的功能。例如，可使纵向光透过，横向光遮蔽；或者，使横向光透过，纵向光遮蔽。
1/4波片也可以称为45度相位延迟片。1/4波片由双折射的材料制成。在线偏振光的光矢量与1/4波片的快轴或慢轴成±45°时，通过1/4波片的光为圆偏振光；反之，当圆偏振光经过1/4波片后变为线偏振光。
半透半反膜为一种使入射光能够部分透过部分反射的膜。例如，透射率和反射率均为50％的膜。其中，透射是入射光经过折射穿过物体后的出射现象。被透射的物体为透明体或半透明体，如玻璃或滤色片等。若透明体是无色的，除少数光被反射外，大多数光均透过物体。为了表示物体透过光的程度，通常将入射光透过膜以后，透射后的光强与入射光的光强之比表征透射率(transmissivity)。被反射回来的光强与入射光的光强之比表征反射率(reflectivity)。
成像透镜是用透明物质制成的光学元件。成像透镜的材料可以是玻璃或光学树脂。光学树脂为易于注塑成型或模压成型，不易破碎，透光性好的有机化合物，密度小于1.6g/cm3。玻璃透镜也可以称为相位无关的成像透镜。光学树脂透镜也可以称为相位 相关的成像透镜。相位无关的成像透镜是指光在通过该器件时，不同偏振方向的光不会引入相位差，或者理解为该器件不存在双折射效应。相位相关的成像透镜是指在通过该器件时，偏振特性会改变，导致杂光或者鬼影，该器件存在双折射效应，降低成像清晰度。例如，本该透射线性偏振光(p光或s光)变为透射椭圆偏振光，本该透射圆偏振的光变为透射椭圆偏振光。通常，光学成像系统使用的成像透镜为玻璃透镜。另外，为了进一步的提高成像清晰度，可以在该光学成像系统中通过增加成像透镜的个数进行像差补偿，来实现提高成像清晰度。
虽然使用玻璃透镜和增加成像透镜的个数可以提高成像清晰度，但是，由于玻璃的密度比塑料高2～6倍，导致光学成像系统的体积和重量大大增加。该光学成像系统可以应用于VR设备中，相当于也增加了VR设备的体积和重量。因此，如何在较大的FoV(例如，FoV>70°)的情况下，既能够减小光学成像系统的体积和重量，同时又能获得较高的成像清晰度是一个亟待解决的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种光学成像系统，其基本原理是：将光学成像系统的像差补偿功能和成像功能分离。将实现像差补偿功能的像差补偿透镜组位于依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的偏振片之前，和/或依次排列的偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。在这种情况下，由于像差补偿透镜组不受材料双折射特性的限制，可以选择任意的光学树脂材料，通过合理选择不同折射率的光学树脂材料，实现较高的成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。另外，将承担主要光线偏折的成像透镜位于反射偏振片和偏振片之间，以利用偏振折叠光路缩小体积。从而，在较大FoV的情况下(例如，FoV>70°)，同时达到减小体积和重量，获得较高的成像清晰度的目标。
下面将结合附图对本申请实施例的实施方式进行详细描述。
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图一。该光学成像系统包括第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏。各组成部分按照显示屏、第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块的顺序依次排列。可理解的，第一像差补偿透镜组位于显示屏与偏振片之间，光学成像模块位于从依次排列的显示屏、第一像差补偿透镜组和偏振片中的偏振片之后。
其中，由于第一像差补偿透镜组不受材料双折射特性的限制，第一像差补偿透镜组的材料可以选择任意的光学树脂材料。从而，对第一像差补偿透镜组通过合理选择不同折射率的光学树脂材料，实现较高的成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。
该第一像差补偿透镜组可以包括至少一个像差补偿透镜。从而，通过增加像差补偿透镜的个数，提高成像清晰度。在本申请实施例中，至少一个可以是一个、两个、三个或者更多个，本申请实施例不做限定。
对于第一像差补偿透镜组中的任意一个像差补偿透镜，像差补偿透镜的表面包括折射面。例如，像差补偿透镜的一个面为衍射面，另一个面为折射面。或者，像差补偿透镜的两个面均为折射面。另外，像差补偿透镜还可以包括至少一个曲面。例如，像差补偿透镜的一个面为曲面，另一个面为平面。或者，像差补偿透镜的两个面均为曲面。在实际应用中，可以根据进行像差补偿的像差大小设置像差补偿透镜的材料、 表面和面型的组合方式。从而，通过改变像差补偿透镜的表面对光线的传播方向和像差补偿透镜的面型，提高成像清晰度。
在第一像差补偿透镜组包括两个以上像差补偿透镜的情况下，两个以上像差补偿透镜中每个像差补偿透镜的表面是折射面还是衍射面，以及两个以上像差补偿透镜中每个像差补偿透镜的面型是曲面还是平面，像差补偿透镜的材料可以根据像差大小进行任意组合，本申请实施例对此不作限定。示例性的，如图6所示，第一像差补偿透镜组包括两个像差补偿透镜，第一像差补偿透镜组包括的所有像差补偿透镜的表面均为折射面，第一像差补偿透镜组包括的所有像差补偿透镜的面型均为曲面。
对于偏振片的解释可以参考上述实施例的详细阐述，在本申请实施例所述的偏振片是指吸收型偏振片。对入射光具有遮蔽和透过的功能。例如，可使纵向光透过，横向光遮蔽；或者，使横向光透过，纵向光遮蔽。
显示屏，用于发射非偏振光。非偏振光是指在各个方向振动的光线。这里的非偏振光可以理解为显示屏显示的图像发射出的发散光。
第一像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿。具体的像差补偿方法可以根据像差的大小调整第一像差补偿透镜组包括的像差补偿透镜的材料、表面、面型和数量等，实现对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿，减少实际成像与原始像之间的差异。
偏振片，用于从第一像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光。偏振光(polarized light)是指光矢量的振动方向不变，或具有某种规则地变化的光波。按照偏振光的性质，偏振光可以分为平面偏振光、圆偏振光和椭圆偏振光和部分偏振光。如果光矢量的振动方向只局限在一确定的平面内，则这种偏振光称为平面偏振光。由于振动的方向在传播过程中为一直线，因此，平面偏振光又可以称为线偏振光。如果光矢量随时间作有规则地改变，即电矢量末端轨迹在垂直于传播方向的平面上呈圆形或椭圆形，则这种偏振光称为圆偏振光或椭圆偏振光。如果光矢量的振动在传播过程中只是在某一确定的方向上占有相对优势，这种偏振光就称为部分偏振光。在本申请实施例中，偏振片透射出的偏振光是指线偏振光。线偏振光可以是P光或S光。可理解的，非偏振光同时包含p光和s光。P光是指偏振方向平行于某一参考面的光线，该参考面与偏振片的结构有关，S光是指偏振方向垂直于该参考面的光线。通常，偏振片透射P光且遮蔽S光。
光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光。
对于光学成像模块可以包括不同的光学元件实现折叠光路，具体的可以包括以下实现方式。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，如图7所示，光学成像模块包括第一1/4波片、半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片。各组成部分按照第一1/4波片、半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片依次排列。可理解的，第一1/4波片位于偏振片与反射偏振片之间，第二1/4波片位于第一1/4波片与反射偏振片之间，半透半反膜位于第一1/4波片和第二1/4波片之间。其中：
第一1/4波片，用于将偏振片发射出的第一偏振光变为第一圆偏振光。在本申请实施例中，假设第一偏振光为P光。第一圆偏振光为相位延迟为π/2的奇数倍的光线。
半透半反膜，用于透射出部分从第一1/4波片发射出的第一圆偏振光。
第二1/4波片，用于将半透半反膜发射出的部分第一圆偏振光变为第二偏振光。第二偏振光为S光。
反射偏振片，用于反射第二1/4波片发射出的第二偏振光。
第二1/4波片，还用于将反射偏振片反射的第二偏振光变为第二圆偏振光。第二圆偏振光为相位延迟与第一圆偏振光的相位延迟相差π的奇数倍的光线。
半透半反膜，还用于反射出从第二1/4波片发射出的部分第二圆偏振光。
第二1/4波片，还用于将半透半反膜发射出的部分第二圆偏振光变为第一偏振光。
反射偏振片，还用于透射第二1/4波片发射出的第一偏振光。反射偏振片可以是任意实现形式。例如，比如金属线栅镀膜或者多层叠合的高分子材料薄膜，只要其特性为反射某一种偏振方向的线偏振光且透射与该种偏振方向垂直的偏振方向的线偏振光即可。例如，透射P光，遮蔽S光。
在第二种可能的实现方式中，光学成像模块还可以包括成像透镜组。成像透镜组位于偏振片与反射偏振片之间。无论位于偏振片与反射偏振片之间的任意的位置，均不改变入射光的偏振特性，即入射时为圆偏振光的出射时仍为圆偏振光，入射时为线偏振光的出射时仍为线偏振光。假如入射时为p光，则出射时仍为p光。成像透镜组，用于透射第一偏振光、第一圆偏振光、第二偏振光或第二圆偏振光。
示例性的，如图8所示，成像透镜组位于半透半反膜与第二1/4波片之间。
第一1/4波片，用于将偏振片发射出的第一偏振光变为第一圆偏振光。在本申请实施例中，假设第一偏振光为P光。第一圆偏振光为相位延迟为π/2的奇数倍的光线。
半透半反膜，用于透射出部分从第一1/4波片发射出的第一圆偏振光。
成像透镜组，用于透射半透半反膜发射出的第一圆偏振光。
第二1/4波片，用于将成像透镜组发射出的部分第一圆偏振光变为第二偏振光。第二偏振光为S光。
反射偏振片，用于反射第二1/4波片发射出的第二偏振光。
第二1/4波片，还用于将反射偏振片反射的第二偏振光变为第二圆偏振光。第二圆偏振光为相位延迟与第一圆偏振光的相位延迟相差π的奇数倍的光线。
成像透镜组，还用于透射第二1/4波片发射出的第二圆偏振光。
半透半反膜，还用于反射出从第二1/4波片发射出的部分第二圆偏振光。
成像透镜组，还用于透射半透半反膜发射出的部分第二圆偏振光。
第二1/4波片，还用于将成像透镜组发射出的部分第二圆偏振光变为第一偏振光。
反射偏振片，还用于透射第二1/4波片发射出的第一偏振光。
该成像透镜组包括至少一个成像透镜。从而，通过增加成像透镜的个数，提高成像清晰度。
需要说明的是，对于成像透镜组中的任意一个成像透镜，成像透镜可以是玻璃球面镜。成像透镜包括至少一个球面。例如，成像透镜的一个面为球面，另一个面为平面。或者，成像透镜的两个面均为球面。
为了减小光学成像系统的体积和重量，成像透镜也可以是光学树脂透镜。在这种情况下，成像透镜也可以包括任意曲面。为了尽量减小光学树脂透镜的双折射效应对 成像清晰度的影响，可以选择双折射效应较小的光学树脂透镜。同时，为了补偿像差，第一像差补偿透镜组中的像差补偿透镜的面型也应该根据成像透镜做出适应性的调整。
在成像透镜组包括两个以上成像透镜的情况下，两个以上成像透镜中每个成像透镜的表面是球面还是平面，以及成像透镜的材料可以根据成像清晰度进行任意组合，本申请实施例对此不作限定。示例性的，如图9所示，成像透镜组包括两个成像透镜，成像透镜组包括的所有成像透镜的面型均为曲面。
偏振片和第一1/4波片可以贴于基底上。可选的，为了减小了光学成像系统的体积，偏振片、第一1/4波片和成像透镜依次胶合。可以理解的，将第一1/4波片粘在成像透镜上，再将偏振片粘在第一1/4波片上。成像透镜为成像透镜组中距离显示屏最近的成像透镜。示例的，若成像透镜组包括一个成像透镜，第一1/4波片贴于成像透镜的第一面上，偏振片再贴于第一1/4波片上。成像透镜的第一面为成像透镜的两个面中距离显示屏最近的面，成像透镜的第一面可以为平面。成像透镜的第二面为成像透镜的两个面中距离显示屏最远的面。若成像透镜包括两个以上透镜，偏振片、第一1/4波片和距离显示屏最近的成像透镜的第一面依次胶合。另外，半透半反膜是镀膜。若成像透镜组包括两个以上成像透镜，半透半反膜可以位于两个以上成像透镜之间的任意位置，贴于凸向显示屏的透镜的面上。例如，如图10所示，半透半反膜位于两个透镜之间，半透半反膜贴于距离显示屏最远的透镜的凸面上。第一像差补偿透镜组包括一个像差补偿透镜，该像差补偿透镜的面型均为曲面，且该像差补偿透镜的表面均为折射面。
可选的，半透半反膜还可以贴于成像透镜组包括的成像透镜中距离显示屏最远的面向显示屏的凸面上。或者，半透半反膜还可以贴于成像透镜组包括的成像透镜中距离显示屏最远的凹向显示屏的面上。可理解的，成像透镜中的凸面可以是指表面的中心点比边缘点距离显示屏近的面。同理，成像透镜中的凹向显示屏的面可以是指表面的中心点比边缘点距离显示屏近的面。
可选的，若成像透镜组包括一个成像透镜，半透半反膜可以位于第一1/4波片与成像透镜的第一面之间，即半透半反膜贴于成像透镜的第一面上，第一1/4波片贴于半透半反膜上，偏振片再贴于第一1/4波片上。
可选的，在成像透镜组包括两个以上成像透镜的情况下，半透半反膜可以位于两个以上成像透镜的凸向显示屏方向的曲面中除了距离显示屏最远的面之外的其他任意一个曲面上。
可选的，若第一1/4波片与半透半反膜之间包括成像透镜组，显示屏与偏振片之间包括第一像差补偿透镜组。像差补偿透镜、偏振片、第一1/4波片和成像透镜依次胶合。可以理解的，将偏振片粘在像差补偿透镜上，再将第一1/4波片粘在偏振片上，再将成像透镜粘在第一1/4波片上。成像透镜为成像透镜组中距离显示屏最近的成像透镜，像差补偿透镜为第一像差补偿透镜组中距离显示屏最远的像差补偿透镜。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。示例性的，如图11所示，第一像差补偿透镜组包括一个像差补偿透镜，成像透镜组包括两个成像透镜。像差补偿透镜、偏振片、第一1/4波片和距离显示屏最近的成像透镜依次胶合。半透半反膜贴于距离显示屏最远的成像透镜的凸面上。需要说明的是，像差补偿透镜、偏振片、第一1/4波片和成像透镜之间 进行胶合的面可以为平面。当然，随着技术的发展，像差补偿透镜、偏振片、第一1/4波片和成像透镜之间进行胶合的面也可以为曲面。
可选的，显示屏与偏振片之间包括第一像差补偿透镜组，偏振片和第一1/4波片均为薄膜。像差补偿透镜的第二面为平面的情况下，偏振片和第一1/4波片可以依次贴于像差补偿透镜的第二面上。可理解的，偏振片贴于像差补偿透镜的第二面上，第一1/4波片再贴于偏振片上。像差补偿透镜的第二面为像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离显示屏最远的面。像差补偿透镜的第一面为像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离显示屏最近的面。像差补偿透镜为第一像差补偿透镜组中距离显示屏最远的像差补偿透镜。从而，减小了光学成像系统的体积。示例性的，如图12所示，第一像差补偿透镜组包括一个像差补偿透镜，成像透镜组包括两个成像透镜。偏振片和第一1/4波片依次贴于像差补偿透镜的第二面上。半透半反膜贴于距离显示屏最近的成像透镜的凸面上。需要说明的是，随着技术的发展，像差补偿透镜为曲面的情况下，偏振片和第一1/4波片也可以贴于成像透镜或像差补偿透镜的曲面上，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
另外，第二1/4波片和反射偏振片可以贴于基底上，也可以贴于距离显示屏最远的成像透镜上。
本申请实施例提供的光学成像系统，将光学成像系统的像差补偿功能和成像功能分离。将实现像差补偿功能的第一像差补偿透镜组设置于显示屏与偏振片之间。在这种情况下，由于像差补偿透镜不受材料双折射特性的限制，可以选择任意的光学树脂材料，通过合理选择不同折射率的光学树脂材料，实现较高的成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。另外，将承担主要光线偏折的成像透镜位于反射偏振片和偏振片之间，以利用偏振折叠光路缩小体积。从而，在较大FoV的情况下(例如，FoV>70°)，同时达到减小体积和重量，获得较高的成像清晰度的目标。
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图九。该光学成像系统包括第二像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏。各组成部分按照显示屏、偏振片、光学成像模块和第二像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列。可理解的，偏振片位于光学成像模块与显示屏之间，第二像差补偿透镜组位于从依次排列的显示屏、偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。与上述第一像差补偿透镜组位于显示屏与偏振片之间的区别在于，无需对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿，而对光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿。具体的，显示屏，用于发射非偏振光。偏振片，用于从显示屏发射出的非偏振光中透射偏振光。光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光。第二像差补偿透镜组，用于对光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿。其中，第二像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块的详细解释可以参考上述各实施例中的详细阐述，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
另外，无需为第二1/4波片和反射偏振片设置基底，可以将第二1/4波片和反射偏振片贴于第二像差补偿透镜组中距离反射偏振片最近的像差补偿透镜上。其他关于第二像差补偿透镜组的材料、表面、面型和数量，以及偏振片和光学成像模块的具体实现方式可以参考上述实施例中的详细阐述，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的光学成像系统，将光学成像系统的像差补偿功能和成像功能 分离。将实现像差补偿功能的第二像差补偿透镜组设置于从依次排列的显示屏、偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。在这种情况下，由于像差补偿透镜不受材料双折射特性的限制，可以选择任意的光学树脂材料，通过合理选择不同折射率的光学树脂材料，实现较高的成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。另外，将承担主要光线偏折的成像透镜位于反射偏振片和偏振片之间，以利用偏振折叠光路缩小体积。从而，在较大FoV的情况下(例如，FoV>70°)，同时达到减小体积和重量，获得较高的成像清晰度的目标。
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十。该光学成像系统包括第三像差补偿透镜组、第四像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏。各组成部分按照显示屏、第三像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和第四像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列。
在成像过程中，均需要对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿，以及光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿。具体的，显示屏，用于发射非偏振光。第三像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿。偏振片，用于从第三像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光。光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射偏振光。第四像差补偿透镜组，用于对光学成像模块发射出的偏振光进行像差补偿。
其中，第三像差补偿透镜组和第四像差补偿透镜组中包括的像差补偿透镜的材料可以相同，也可以不同。例如，第三像差补偿透镜组中包括的像差补偿透镜的材料和第四像差补偿透镜组中包括的像差补偿透镜的材料均可以是光学树脂。对于第三像差补偿透镜组和第四像差补偿透镜组中包括的像差补偿透镜的表面、面型和数量可以根据需要补偿的像差大小进行调整，具体实现方式可以参考上述实施例的详细阐述，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。另外，对于偏振片和光学成像模块的具体实现方式也可以参考上述实施例中的详细阐述，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，若第三像差补偿透镜组包括两个以上的像差补偿透镜，或者，成像透镜组包括两个以上的成像透镜，第四像差补偿透镜组可以取消，也可以将第四像差补偿透镜组中包括的像差补偿透镜设置为光学树脂平板，作为反射偏振片的基底。另外，偏振片和第一1/4波片可以不贴于第三像差补偿透镜组包括的像差补偿透镜上，可以独立贴在平面或曲面基底上，以增加第三像差补偿透镜组的设计自由度，有利于提升成像清晰度。
本申请实施例提供的光学成像系统，将光学成像系统的像差补偿功能和成像功能分离。将实现像差补偿功能的像差补偿透镜组位于显示屏与偏振片之间，以及从依次排列的显示屏、偏振片和光学成像模块中的光学成像模块之后。在这种情况下，由于像差补偿透镜不受材料双折射特性的限制，可以选择任意的光学树脂材料，通过合理选择不同折射率的光学树脂材料，实现较高的成像清晰度。同时，由于光学树脂材料的密度较低，所以有效地降低了光学成像系统的重量。另外，将承担主要光线偏折的成像透镜位于反射偏振片和偏振片之间，以利用偏振折叠光路缩小体积。从而，在较大FoV的情况下(例如，FoV>70°)，同时达到减小体积和重量，获得较高的成像清晰度的目标。
对于上述各个实施例的可实现方式中，在任意两种不同材料(玻璃、光学树脂、空气、膜层材质)的接触面上，需作增透处理，例如镀增透减反膜。
上述各实施例所述的光学成像系统可应用于头戴式显示设备中，例如，VR设备。VR设备可以是VR头盔、VR眼镜或观影眼镜。观影眼镜可以是虚拟显示屏为矩形的VR设备。当然，观影眼镜也可以是虚拟显示屏为圆形或者带有切边的圆弧形的VR设备。
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种头戴式显示设备的结构示例图一，如图15所示，头戴式显示设备可以包括至少一个处理器1501、存储器1502、通信接口1503、通信总线1504和光学成像系统1505。
下面结合图15对头戴式显示设备的各个构成部件进行具体的介绍：
处理器1501是头戴式显示设备的控制中心，可以是一个处理器，也可以是多个处理元件的统称。在具体的实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器1501可以包括一个中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)或多个CPU，例如图15中所示的CPU0和CPU1。处理器1501也可以是特定集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或者是被配置成实施本申请实施例的一个或多个集成电路，例如：一个或多个微处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)，或，一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)。
其中，以处理器1501是一个或多个CPU为例，处理器1501可以通过运行或执行存储在头戴式显示设备中的存储器1502内的图像数据，使光学成像系统1505包括的显示屏显示图像，以便于光学成像系统1505呈现显示屏显示的图像的虚像。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，头戴式显示设备可以包括多个处理器，例如图15中所示的处理器1501和处理器1506。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核处理器(single-CPU)，也可以是一个多核处理器(multi-CPU)。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
存储器1502可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器1502可以是独立存在，通过通信总线1504与处理器1501相连接。存储器1502也可以和处理器1501集成在一起。
其中，所述存储器1502用于存储图像数据，并由处理器1501来控制执行。
光学成像系统1505可以通过总线与存储器1502和处理器1501相连，以便于显示存储器1502存储的图像内容。
通信接口1503，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，通信接口1503可以包括接收单元实现接收功能，以及发送单元实现发送功能。
通信总线1504，可以是工业标准体系结构(industry standard architecture，ISA)总线、外部设备互连(peripheral component，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准体系结构 (extended industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。该总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图15中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
图15中示出的设备结构并不构成对头戴式显示设备的限定，可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。
可选的，上述各个实施例所述的光学成像系统也可以不包括显示屏，将显示屏划分到头戴式显示设备中。示例性的，图16为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十一。该光学成像系统包括：第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块，各组成部分按照第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块的顺序依次排列。
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十二。该光学成像系统包括：第二像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块，各组成部分按照偏振片、光学成像模块和第二像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列。
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种光学成像系统的结构示例图十三。光学成像系统包括第三像差补偿透镜组、第四像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块，各组成部分按照第三像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和第四像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列。
对于像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光学成像模块的具体实现方式也可以参考上述各实施例中的详细阐述，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种头戴式显示设备的结构示例图二。如图19所示，头戴式显示设备可以包括至少一个处理器1901、存储器1902、通信接口1903、通信总线1904、光学成像系统1905和显示屏1906。其中，具体解释可以参考上述对图15所示的头戴式显示设备的阐述，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
另外，本申请的各个实施例描述的实现方式之间可以根据具体的应用场景(产品)的需求进行组合设置，以便于同时达到减小体积和重量，获得较高的成像清晰度的目标。本申请的各个实施例虽然是针对VR设备的光学成像系统提出的，且各个实施例均为同轴光学系统，但其原理也可以拓展到增强现实(augmented reality，AR)光学成像系统中，并且也可以增加光路偏转器件使其成为离轴光学系统。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种光学成像系统，其特征在于，包括：第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片、光学成像模块和显示屏，所述各组成部分按照所述显示屏、所述第一像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片和所述光学成像模块的顺序依次排列，其中：
    所述显示屏，用于发射非偏振光；
    所述第一像差补偿透镜组，用于对所述显示屏发射出的所述非偏振光进行像差补偿；
    所述偏振片，用于从所述第一像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；
    所述光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射所述偏振光；
    或者，所述光学成像系统包括第二像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片、所述光学成像模块和所述显示屏，所述各组成部分按照所述显示屏、所述偏振片、所述光学成像模块和所述第二像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列，其中：
    所述显示屏，用于发射非偏振光；
    所述偏振片，用于从所述显示屏发射出的所述非偏振光中透射偏振光；
    所述光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射所述偏振光；
    所述第二像差补偿透镜组，用于对所述光学成像模块发射出的所述偏振光进行像差补偿；
    或者，所述光学成像系统包括第三像差补偿透镜组、第四像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片、所述光学成像模块和所述显示屏，所述各组成部分按照所述显示屏、所述第三像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片、所述光学成像模块和所述第四像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列，其中：
    所述显示屏，用于发射非偏振光；
    所述第三像差补偿透镜组，用于对所述显示屏发射出的所述非偏振光进行像差补偿；
    所述偏振片，用于从所述第三像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；
    所述光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射所述偏振光；
    所述第四像差补偿透镜组，用于对所述光学成像模块发射出的所述偏振光进行像差补偿。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，像差补偿透镜组的材料包含光学树脂，所述像差补偿透镜组包括所述第一像差补偿透镜组、所述第二像差补偿透镜组、所述第三像差补偿透镜组和所述第四像差补偿透镜组。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述像差补偿透镜组包括至少一个像差补偿透镜，所述像差补偿透镜的表面包括折射面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述像差补偿透镜的所有表面为折射面。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述像差补偿透镜包括至少一个曲面。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述光学成像模块包括第一1/4波片、半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片，所述各组成部分按照所述第一1/4波片、所述半透半反膜、所述第二1/4波片和所述反射偏振片依次排列，其中：
    所述第一1/4波片，用于将所述偏振片发射出的第一偏振光变为第一圆偏振光；
    所述半透半反膜，用于透射出部分从所述第一1/4波片发射出的所述第一圆偏振光，以及反射出部分从所述第二1/4波片发射出的第二圆偏振光；
    所述第二1/4波片，用于将所述半透半反膜发射出的部分所述第一圆偏振光变为第二偏振光，以及将所述反射偏振片反射的所述第二偏振光变为所述第二圆偏振光，将所述半透半反膜发射出的部分所述第二圆偏振光变为所述第一偏振光；
    所述反射偏振片，用于反射所述第二1/4波片发射出的所述第二偏振光，以及透射所述第二1/4波片发射出的所述第一偏振光。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述光学成像模块还包括成像透镜组，所述成像透镜组位于所述偏振片与所述反射偏振片之间，其中，所述成像透镜组，用于透射所述第一偏振光、所述第一圆偏振光、所述第二偏振光或所述第二圆偏振光。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述成像透镜组包括至少一个成像透镜。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述偏振片、所述第一1/4波片和成像透镜依次胶合，所述成像透镜为所述成像透镜组中距离所述显示屏最近的成像透镜。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述显示屏与所述偏振片之间包括像差补偿透镜组，成像透镜、所述第一1/4波片、所述偏振片和像差补偿透镜依次胶合，所述成像透镜为所述成像透镜组中距离所述显示屏最近的成像透镜，所述像差补偿透镜为所述像差补偿透镜组中距离所述显示屏最远的像差补偿透镜，所述像差补偿透镜组包括所述第一像差补偿透镜组和所述第三像差补偿透镜组。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述半透半反膜位于所述至少一个成像透镜的凸向所述显示屏方向的曲面中除了距离所述显示屏最远的面之外的其他任意一个曲面上。
  12. 根据权利要求6-11中任一项所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，像差补偿透镜组位于所述显示屏与所述偏振片之间，所述偏振片和所述第一1/4波片依次贴于像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离所述显示屏最远的面，所述像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离所述显示屏最远的面为平面，所述像差补偿透镜为所述像差补偿透镜组中距离所述显示屏最远的像差补偿透镜，所述像差补偿透镜组包括所述第一像差补偿透镜组和所述第三像差补偿透镜组。
  13. 一种头戴式显示设备，其特征在于，包括：权利要求1-12中任一项所述的光学成像系统、处理器、存储器、总线和通信接口，其中，所述存储器用于存储图像数据，使得所述图像数据被所述处理器执行使所述显示屏显示图像，发射出非偏振光。
  14. 一种光学成像系统，其特征在于，包括：第一像差补偿透镜组、偏振片和光 学成像模块，所述各组成部分按照所述第一像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片和所述光学成像模块的顺序依次排列，其中：
    所述第一像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿；
    所述偏振片，用于从所述第一像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；
    所述光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射所述偏振光；
    或者，所述光学成像系统包括第二像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片和所述光学成像模块，所述各组成部分按照所述偏振片、所述光学成像模块和所述第二像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列，其中：
    所述偏振片，用于从显示屏发射出的非偏振光中透射偏振光；
    所述光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射所述偏振光；
    所述第二像差补偿透镜组，用于对所述光学成像模块发射出的所述偏振光进行像差补偿；
    或者，所述光学成像系统包括第三像差补偿透镜组、第四像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片和所述光学成像模块，所述各组成部分按照所述第三像差补偿透镜组、所述偏振片、所述光学成像模块和所述第四像差补偿透镜组的顺序依次排列，其中：
    所述第三像差补偿透镜组，用于对显示屏发射出的非偏振光进行像差补偿；
    所述偏振片，用于从所述第三像差补偿透镜组发射出的像差补偿后的非偏振光中透射偏振光；
    所述光学成像模块，用于折叠光路，并发射所述偏振光；
    所述第四像差补偿透镜组，用于对所述光学成像模块发射出的所述偏振光进行像差补偿。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，像差补偿透镜组的材料包含光学树脂，所述像差补偿透镜组包括所述第一像差补偿透镜组、所述第二像差补偿透镜组、所述第三像差补偿透镜组和所述第四像差补偿透镜组。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述像差补偿透镜组包括至少一个像差补偿透镜，所述像差补偿透镜的表面包括折射面。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述像差补偿透镜的所有表面为折射面。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述像差补偿透镜包括至少一个曲面。
  19. 根据权利要求14-18中任一项所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述光学成像模块包括第一1/4波片、半透半反膜、第二1/4波片和反射偏振片，所述各组成部分按照所述第一1/4波片、所述半透半反膜、所述第二1/4波片和所述反射偏振片依次排列，其中：
    所述第一1/4波片，用于将所述偏振片发射出的第一偏振光变为第一圆偏振光；
    所述半透半反膜，用于透射出部分从所述第一1/4波片发射出的所述第一圆偏振光，以及反射出部分从所述第二1/4波片发射出的第二圆偏振光；
    所述第二1/4波片，用于将所述半透半反膜发射出的部分所述第一圆偏振光变为 第二偏振光，以及将所述反射偏振片反射的所述第二偏振光变为所述第二圆偏振光，将所述半透半反膜发射出的部分所述第二圆偏振光变为所述第一偏振光；
    所述反射偏振片，用于反射所述第二1/4波片发射出的所述第二偏振光，以及透射所述第二1/4波片发射出的所述第一偏振光。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述光学成像模块还包括成像透镜组，所述成像透镜组位于所述偏振片与所述反射偏振片之间，其中，所述成像透镜组，用于透射所述第一偏振光、所述第一圆偏振光、所述第二偏振光或所述第二圆偏振光。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述成像透镜组包括至少一个成像透镜。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述偏振片、所述第一1/4波片和成像透镜依次胶合，所述成像透镜为所述成像透镜组中距离所述第一1/4波片最近的成像透镜。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，在依次排列的所述偏振片和所述光学成像模块中的所述偏振片之前包括像差补偿透镜组，成像透镜、所述第一1/4波片、所述偏振片和像差补偿透镜依次胶合，所述成像透镜为所述成像透镜组中距离所述第一1/4波片最近的成像透镜，所述像差补偿透镜为所述像差补偿透镜组中距离所述偏振片最近的像差补偿透镜，所述像差补偿透镜组包括所述第一像差补偿透镜组和所述第三像差补偿透镜组。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，所述半透半反膜位于所述至少一个成像透镜的凸向所述偏振片方向的曲面中除了距离所述偏振片最远的面之外的其他任意一个曲面上。
  25. 根据权利要求19-24中任一项所述的光学成像系统，其特征在于，在依次排列的所述偏振片和所述光学成像模块中的所述偏振片之前包括像差补偿透镜组，所述偏振片和所述第一1/4波片依次贴于像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离所述偏振片最近的面，所述像差补偿透镜的两个面中距离所述偏振片最近的面为平面，所述像差补偿透镜为所述像差补偿透镜组中距离所述偏振片最近的像差补偿透镜，所述像差补偿透镜组包括所述第一像差补偿透镜组和所述第三像差补偿透镜组。
  26. 一种头戴式显示设备，其特征在于，包括：权利要求14-25中任一项所述的光学成像系统、显示屏、处理器、存储器、总线和通信接口，其中，所述存储器用于存储图像数据，使得所述图像数据被所述处理器执行使所述显示屏显示图像，发射出非偏振光。
PCT/CN2019/076983 2018-08-31 2019-03-05 一种光学成像系统 Ceased WO2020042576A1 (zh)

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