WO2020051753A1 - 数据传输方法、相关装置及系统 - Google Patents

数据传输方法、相关装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020051753A1
WO2020051753A1 PCT/CN2018/104904 CN2018104904W WO2020051753A1 WO 2020051753 A1 WO2020051753 A1 WO 2020051753A1 CN 2018104904 W CN2018104904 W CN 2018104904W WO 2020051753 A1 WO2020051753 A1 WO 2020051753A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
onu
synchronization data
olt
data
uplink burst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/104904
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴徐明
李胜平
周雷
曾小飞
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PCT/CN2018/104904 priority Critical patent/WO2020051753A1/zh
Priority to KR1020217008256A priority patent/KR102402781B1/ko
Priority to CN202210878237.4A priority patent/CN115426046A/zh
Priority to CN201880097348.3A priority patent/CN112655220B/zh
Priority to JP2021513245A priority patent/JP7308931B2/ja
Priority to EP18933002.0A priority patent/EP3780646A4/en
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020051753A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020051753A1/zh
Priority to US17/195,920 priority patent/US11509395B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US17/962,840 priority patent/US11909446B2/en
Priority to US18/390,791 priority patent/US20240121004A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/27—Arrangements for networking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0238—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-many, e.g. multicasting wavelengths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
    • H04J14/0261—Optical medium access at the optical multiplex section layer
    • H04J14/0264—Multiplex identification or labelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03878—Line equalisers; line build-out devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/0075—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter with photonic or optical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • H04L7/041—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0066—Provisions for optical burst or packet networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0064—Arbitration, scheduling or medium access control aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0088—Signalling aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13214—Clock signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1336—Synchronisation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of passive optical networks, and in particular, to a data transmission method, a related device, and a system.
  • PONs passive optical networks
  • the PON system belongs to a point-to-multipoint communication system, and the transmission of uplink data is a burst mode.
  • OLTs optical line terminals
  • the bandwidth of the optical module components of different ONUs may be inconsistent, and the distance between different ONUs and OLTs may also be inconsistent.
  • the working parameters of the electrical domain equalizer on the OLT side may be different.
  • the equalizer of the OLT does not know which ONU the current received data comes from. It needs to complete a long period of preamble or training code to complete the optimization and optimization of the equalizer. convergence. In the process of optimization and convergence, the ONU is unable to send truly effective service data, which will cause the uplink efficiency of the PON system to decrease and affect the effective bandwidth of the system.
  • the OLT can quickly identify which ONU the uplink burst data came from, it can configure the working parameters of the electrical domain equalizer in advance, thereby reducing the time for equalizer optimization and convergence, and improving the uplink efficiency of the PON system. Therefore, in the PON system, how to quickly identify which ONU the uplink burst data comes from is a technology not available in the current PON system, and a new method needs to be proposed to solve this problem.
  • This application provides a data transmission method, related device and system, which can shorten the time consumed by data transmission and improve the data transmission efficiency of the PON system.
  • the present application provides a data transmission method applied to an OLT side.
  • the method may include: the OLT receiving uplink burst data sent by an ONU, where the uplink burst data includes a synchronization data block and a payload part, and the synchronization data
  • the block includes a first synchronization data portion, and the first synchronization data portion includes a first preamble portion and an identifier of the ONU; a bandwidth occupied by a frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion is narrower than a bandwidth occupied by a frequency distribution of a payload portion; an OLT Obtain the identity of the ONU in the first synchronization data part.
  • the OLT in the uplink burst mode, can quickly identify which ONU or group of ONUs the uplink burst data comes from, so as to perform corresponding operations according to the uplink burst data, and shorten the time consumed for data transmission. Improve the data transmission efficiency of the PON system.
  • the first preamble portion in the first synchronization data portion can enable the OLT to make a correct response to the data in a short time (that is, correctly identify the rest of the uplink burst data except the first preamble portion, Including the identity and payload part of the ONU).
  • the ONU identifier is used to indicate a unique ONU or to indicate a group of ONUs. If the identifier of the ONU is used to indicate a group of ONUs, the group of ONUs may have similar performance.
  • the payload part is the valid data transmitted by the ONU to the OLT.
  • the synchronization data block may further include a second synchronization data portion, and a bandwidth occupied by a frequency distribution of the second synchronization data portion is larger than a bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion. Wide bandwidth.
  • the transmission channel between the OLT and the ONU that the first synchronization data portion receives during the transmission process The impact (including the performance of the optical fiber and the performance of the light receiving and emitting devices) is also small.
  • the OLT may not use the equalization technology or use the preset equalization parameters to perform equalization processing on the received uplink burst data. , The first synchronous data part in the uplink burst data can be recovered, and the data processing time can be shortened.
  • the transmission rate of the second synchronous data portion may be equal to the transmission rate of the payload portion.
  • the OLT can hear the recovered clock of the second synchronous data part and use the recovered clock to identify the payload part.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the second synchronization data portion is a multiple of the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the second synchronization data portion is an integer multiple of the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion, and may also be a non-integer multiple, which is not limited in this application.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the second synchronization data portion is a multiple of the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion, the time to recover the second clock suitable for the payload portion can be shortened, and data processing can be improved. speed.
  • the second synchronization data part may include a second preamble part, and the second preamble part may be used for the OLT to identify a payload part of the uplink burst data.
  • the second synchronization data part may further include a second delimiter, and the second delimiter is located after the second leading part and may be used by the OLT to locate the payload part of the uplink burst data more quickly.
  • the first synchronization data part may further include a first delimiter.
  • the first certain delimiter may be located between the first leading part and the logo of the ONU, or may be located after the logo of the ONU, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first delimiter can be used by the OLT to more quickly locate the identity of the ONU in the first synchronous data portion.
  • the OLT acquiring the identifier of the ONU in the first synchronization data part may specifically include: the OLT recovers the first clock according to the first preamble part; the OLT adopts The first clock identifies the identity of the ONU in the first synchronous data portion.
  • the OLT After receiving the uplink burst data sent by the ONU, the OLT first needs to recover the first synchronous data part of the uplink burst data.
  • the current clock and decision level of the OLT may be applicable to the last uplink burst data, but not applicable to the currently received uplink data. Burst of data. Therefore, even if the OLT recovers the first synchronization data portion, it cannot accurately identify the specific values of each portion in the first synchronization data portion.
  • the OLT After recovering the first synchronous data part, the OLT recovers the first clock according to the first preamble part.
  • the first clock is used to identify the identifier of the ONU in the first synchronous data portion.
  • the frequency of the first leading part and the identity of the ONU are the same. Therefore, the first clock recovered in step 2 can be used by the OLT to identify the identity of the ONU in the first synchronous data part.
  • the difference between the code pattern of the ONU and the first preamble part is small, and the OLT may treat the ONU identity as the first preamble part and cannot accurately identify the ONU identity.
  • the first synchronization data part may further include a first delimiter, and the first delimiter may enable the OLT to quickly and accurately identify the identity of the ONU.
  • the data transmission method of the first aspect may further include:
  • the OLT configures an ID corresponding to the ID of the ONU according to the correspondence between the pre-stored ID of the ONU and the equalization parameter. Equalization parameters, and the payload part is balanced according to the configured equalization parameters.
  • the equalization parameter includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: the type of tap of the equalizer, the order of the equalizer, and the tap coefficient.
  • the data transmitting end (ONU) will change in different time periods, between the data transmitting end (ONU) and the data receiving end (OLT).
  • the channel will also change, and the equalization parameters of the data receiving end for equalizing the data also need to be updated with the channel.
  • an equalization parameter corresponding to an identifier of each ONU may be obtained in advance through a training process and stored, and the equalization parameter may reflect the influence of the channel between the OLT and the ONU on the transmission data.
  • the training process and the storage process may include the following steps:
  • the OLT receives a first message sent by the ONU, and the first message includes a third preamble and a registration request.
  • the OLT determines an equalization parameter based on the received third preamble.
  • the OLT stores a correspondence between the identifier of the ONU and the determined equalization parameter.
  • the OLT can learn the influence of the transmission channel from the OLT to each ONU on the transmitted data in the PON system. Based on the influence, determine the respective equalization parameters corresponding to each transmission channel, and compare the determined equalization coefficient with the ONU identifier. correspond.
  • the OLT processes the payload part through the equalization technology, which can compensate for the lack of bandwidth of the optical device. Therefore, the use of a lower bandwidth optical device can achieve or even better performance than the high bandwidth optical device.
  • Optical devices (including OLT and ONU) can also realize uplink high-speed data transmission, which can reduce the cost of the access network while meeting the high-speed data transmission requirements of the next-generation PON system.
  • the corresponding equalization parameters can be configured through the ONU's identity, and no equalization parameters need to be obtained through the training process, which can achieve rapid convergence, reduce uplink overhead, and ensure The effective uplink bandwidth can improve the uplink data transmission efficiency of the PON system.
  • the present application provides a data transmission method applied to the ONU side.
  • the method may include: the ONU generates uplink burst data, the uplink burst data includes a synchronization data block and a payload part, and the synchronization data block includes a first synchronization Data part, the first synchronization data part includes the first preamble part and the identifier of the ONU; the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data part is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload part; the ONU sends uplink burst data To OLT.
  • the structure and function of the uplink burst data described in the second aspect are the same as the uplink burst data in the first aspect, and reference may be made to the related description in the first aspect, and details are not described herein.
  • the present application provides an OLT for performing the data transmission method described in the first aspect.
  • the OLT may include a memory and a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the memory is configured to store implementation code of the data transmission method described in the first aspect, and the processor is configured to execute program code stored in the memory. That is, the method provided by the first aspect or the method provided by any of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect is performed.
  • the present application provides an ONU for performing the data transmission method described in the second aspect.
  • the ONU may include a memory and a processor coupled to the memory, where the memory is used to store implementation code of the data transmission method described in the second aspect, and the processor is used to execute program code stored in the memory That is, the method provided by the second aspect, or the method provided by any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect.
  • the present application provides an OLT, and the OLT may include multiple function modules for correspondingly executing the method provided in the first aspect, or provided by any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect. method.
  • this application provides an ONU.
  • the ONU may include multiple function modules for correspondingly executing the method provided in the second aspect, or the method provided in any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect. method.
  • the present application provides a PON system.
  • the PON system includes: an OLT and an ONU.
  • the OLT may be the OLT described in the third aspect, and the ONU may be the ONU described in the fourth aspect.
  • the OLT may also be the OLT described in the fifth aspect, and the ONU may also be the ONU described in the sixth aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored on the readable storage medium, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the data transmission method described in the first aspect above.
  • the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the data transmission method described in the first aspect above.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored on the readable storage medium, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the data transmission method described in the second aspect above.
  • the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the data transmission method described in the second aspect above.
  • the OLT in the uplink burst mode, can quickly identify which ONU or group of ONUs the uplink burst data comes from, so as to perform corresponding operations according to the uplink burst data, shorten the time consumed for data transmission, and improve the PON system. Data transmission efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLT provided by this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ONU provided by this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of uplink data transmission of a PON system involved in this application;
  • FIG. 8 is a phase timing diagram of a digital signal involved in this application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second synchronization data part in the uplink burst data of this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a first synchronization data part in uplink burst data of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a training process of equalization parameters provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram of the OLT and ONU provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system PON 100 provided in the present application.
  • PON 100 can perform high-speed data transmission, not limited to Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) systems (such as 10G EPON, 50G EPON, etc.), Gigabit-Capable PON (GPON) systems (Such as 10G, GPON, 50G, GPON, etc.), XG-PON systems can also be PON systems that will evolve in the future.
  • EPON Ethernet passive optical network
  • GPON Gigabit-Capable PON
  • XG-PON systems can also be PON systems that will evolve in the future.
  • PON 100 is used in the access network to connect various terminal equipment to the core network.
  • the PON 100 may include: an OLT 101, one or more ONUs 102, and an optical distribution network (ODN) 103 connecting the OLT 101 and the ONU 102. among them:
  • OLT 101 is located at the central office and is used to provide the fiber interface of the user-oriented passive fiber network.
  • OLT101 is connected to the upper layer network (such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), Internet, CATV, etc. shown in Figure 1) to complete the uplink access of the PON system;
  • OLT101 is connected to ONU 102 through ODN to achieve Control, management and ranging of ONU 102.
  • the OLT 101 may include an equalizer for equalizing the uplink data sent by the ONU 102 to eliminate the effects of channel fading and inter-symbol interference during the transmission of the uplink data, which can improve the PON 100
  • Upstream data transmission efficiency compensates for the lack of OLT 101 bandwidth and achieves or exceeds the performance of OLT with larger bandwidth.
  • ONU 102 is located on the user side and belongs to the user-end equipment. It provides the user-side interface for PON 100. If the ONU directly provides a user port function, such as an Ethernet user port used by a personal computer (PC) to access the Internet, it is called an optical network terminal (ONT). ONU 102 and OLT 120 cooperate to implement Ethernet Layer 2 and Ethernet Layer 3 functions and provide users with voice, data, and multimedia services. ONU 102 can choose to receive the data sent by OLT101, and can also receive the user's Ethernet data (such as mobile phones, computers, etc.) and buffer it, and send it in the upward direction in the transmission window allocated by OLT101.
  • ONU 102 can choose to receive the data sent by OLT101, and can also receive the user's Ethernet data (such as mobile phones, computers, etc.) and buffer it, and send it in the upward direction in the transmission window allocated by OLT101.
  • ODN 103 consists of optical fibers (such as the backbone fiber and branch fiber shown in Figure 1) and one or more passive optical splitters such as passive optical devices. It provides an optical channel between the OLT and ONU for distribution or multiplexing. Data between OLT 101 and ONU 102.
  • the PON 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a point-to-multipoint time division multiplexing (TDM) system. It is called downlink from the OLT to the ONU, and uplink from the ONU to the OLT.
  • the uplink data transmission is in burst mode. That is, the OLT 101 receives data from different ONUs 102 at different times. In a specific period of time, the OLT 101 can only receive data sent by one ONU 102. In the burst mode, the data received by the OLT 101 at different time periods comes from different ONUs 102. Due to the different distances and channel conditions between the OLT 101 and different ONUs 102, the delay and attenuation of the data are also different.
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • This application will discuss how the OLT quickly recognizes which ONU the uplink burst data comes from in the uplink burst mode of the PON system, so as to perform corresponding operations according to the uplink burst data, shorten the time consumed by data transmission, and improve the PON system. Data transmission efficiency.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLT 200 provided by the present application.
  • the OLT 200 can be implemented as the OLT 101 in the PON system shown in FIG. 1.
  • the OLT 200 may include a communication interface 201, one or more processors 202, a memory 203, an equalizer 204, an optical receiver 205, and an optical transmitter 206. These components can be connected via a bus or other means. among them:
  • the communication interface 201 can be used for the OLT 200 to communicate with other communication devices, such as an ONU, an upper-layer network device, and the like.
  • the communication interface 201 may include a wired communication interface (such as an Ethernet interface, a fiber optic interface, and the like) and a wireless communication interface.
  • the memory 203 is coupled to the processor 202 and is configured to store various software programs and / or multiple sets of instructions.
  • the memory 203 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.
  • An operating system such as an operating system such as Linux, uCOS, VxWorks, or RTLinux, is built into the memory 203.
  • the memory 203 may also have a network communication program built in, and the network communication program may be used to communicate with other devices in the PON system.
  • the memory 203 may be configured to store an implementation program of the data transmission method provided by one or more embodiments of the present application on the OLT side.
  • the memory 203 may further store the correspondence between the identifiers of the multiple ONUs in the PON system and the equalization parameters.
  • the correspondence between the identifier of the ONU and the equalization parameter in this application please refer to the subsequent embodiments.
  • the processor 202 may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor 201 may further include a hardware chip.
  • the above-mentioned hardware chip may be one or more of the following: application specific integrated circuit (application specific) integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable logic gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), complex programmable logic device (complex programmable logic device (CPLD)).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable logic gate array
  • CPLD complex programmable logic device
  • the processor 202 may process data received by the communication interface 201, and the processor 202 may also process data to be transmitted to the communication interface 201 for transmission through a wired transmission medium.
  • the processor 202 may be used to configure the operating parameters of the equalizer 204.
  • the working parameters of the equalizer 204 please refer to the subsequent embodiments.
  • the processor 202 may be used to read and execute computer-readable instructions.
  • the processor 202 may be configured to call a program stored in the memory 203, for example, an implementation program of the data transmission method provided by one or more embodiments of the present application on the OLT side, and execute instructions included in the program.
  • the processor 202 is configured to obtain an identifier of the ONU carried in the uplink burst data sent by the ONU, so as to identify which ONU or group of ONUs the uplink burst data comes from. In some embodiments, the processor 202 is further configured to determine an equalization parameter corresponding to the identifier of the ONU according to the correspondence between the identifier of the ONU pre-stored in the memory 203 and the equalization parameter.
  • the equalizer 204 is used to process the signal output by the optical receiver 205 and is used to optimize the signal quality.
  • the equalizer 204 is mainly used to compensate for the impact of high-speed data due to insufficient optical devices, and to compensate for signal distortion caused by factors such as inter-symbol interference and channel fading in the transmission channel (that is, the optical fiber), so as to correctly recover Data sent by the peer.
  • the equalizer 204 may be implemented by a filter.
  • the equalizer 204 is configured to perform configuration according to the equalization parameters determined by the processor 202, and perform equalization processing on the payload portion in the uplink burst data according to the configured equalization parameters.
  • the optical receiver 205 is used for photoelectric signal conversion, and is used for receiving uplink burst optical signals (that is, uplink burst data), and converting the optical signals into electrical signals.
  • the optical transmitter 206 is used for electrical-optical signal conversion, and is used to convert the downlink electrical signal (that is, the downlink data) generated by the processor 202 into an optical signal and send it to the corresponding ONU through the ODN.
  • the OLT 200 shown in FIG. 2 is only an implementation manner of the present application. In practical applications, the OLT 200 may further include more or fewer components, which is not limited herein.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ONU 300 provided by the present application.
  • the ONU 300 can be implemented as the ONU 102 in the PON system shown in FIG. 1.
  • the ONU 300 may include: a communication interface 301, one or more processors 302, a memory 303, an optical receiver 304, and an optical transmitter 305. These components can be connected via a bus or other means. among them:
  • the communication interface 301 can be used for the ONU 300 to communicate with other communication devices, such as an OLT, a user terminal, and the like.
  • the communication interface 301 may include a wired communication interface (for example, an Ethernet interface, a fiber optic interface, etc.) and a wireless communication interface.
  • the memory 303 is coupled to the processor 302 and is configured to store various software programs and / or multiple sets of instructions.
  • the memory 303 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.
  • An operating system is built into the memory 303, such as Linux, uCOS, VxWorks, RTLinux and other operating systems.
  • the memory 303 may also have a network communication program built in, and the network communication program may be used to communicate with other devices in the PON system.
  • the memory 303 may be used to store an implementation program of the data transmission method provided by one or more embodiments of the present application on the ONU side.
  • the implementation of the data transmission method provided in this application please refer to the subsequent embodiments.
  • the processor 302 may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor 301 may further include a hardware chip, and the hardware chip may be one or more of the following: application specific integrated circuit (application specific) integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable logic gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), complex programmable logic device (complex programmable logic device (CPLD)).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable logic gate array
  • CPLD complex programmable logic device
  • the processor 302 may process data received by the communication interface 301, and the processor 302 may also process data to be transmitted to the communication interface 301 for transmission through a wired transmission medium.
  • the processor 302 may be used to read and execute computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the processor 302 may be used to call a program stored in the memory 303, for example, an implementation program of the data transmission method provided by one or more embodiments of the present application on the ONU side, and execute instructions included in the program.
  • the optical receiver 304 is used for photoelectric signal conversion, and is used for receiving a downlink optical signal (that is, downlink data) sent by the OLT, and converting the optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • a downlink optical signal that is, downlink data
  • the optical transmitter 305 is used for electrical-optical signal conversion, and is used to convert the uplink electrical signal (that is, the uplink burst data) generated by the processor 302 into an optical signal and send it to the OLT through the ODN.
  • the ONU 300 shown in FIG. 3 is only an implementation manner of the present application. In practical applications, the ONU 300 may further include more or fewer components, which is not limited herein.
  • this application proposes a data transmission method.
  • the method can be applied to a point-to-multipoint communication system.
  • the OLT can quickly identify which ONU the uplink burst data comes from, so as to perform corresponding operations according to the uplink burst data, and shorten the time consumed by data transmission. , Improve the data transmission efficiency of the PON system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method provided by the present application. The method can be applied to the PON system shown in FIG. 1.
  • the method may include the following steps:
  • the ONU generates uplink burst data, where the uplink burst data includes a synchronization data block and a payload part, the synchronization data block includes a first synchronization data part, and the first synchronization data part includes a first preamble part and an identifier of the ONU;
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of a synchronous data portion is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload portion.
  • the ONU sends uplink burst data to the OLT.
  • the OLT receives uplink burst data sent by the ONU.
  • the OLT may be the OLT 101 in the PON 100 shown in FIG. 1 or the OLT 200 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the ONU may be the ONU 102 in the PON 100 shown in FIG. 1, or the ONU 300 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the ONU to the OLT are in the uplink direction, and the uplink direction transmits data in a time division multiplexed manner.
  • the uplink transmission time is divided into time slots. Each time slot can be used by one ONU to send data. That is, the uplink data transmission belongs to burst mode.
  • the OLT can receive different ONUs from different time slots. Upstream burst data.
  • FIG. 6 shows a structure of uplink burst data in the present application.
  • the uplink burst data includes a synchronization data block and a payload part (data)
  • the synchronization data block includes a first synchronization data part
  • the first synchronization data part includes a first preamble part (preamble1) and an identifier of the ONU ( ONU-ID).
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of frequency distribution of data. As shown in the figure, the X axis is the frequency (f), the Y axis is the amplitude (w), and the curve shown in Figure 7 is the frequency distribution of the data. The area between the curve and the coordinate axis can be used to represent the frequency distribution of the data. Occupied bandwidth.
  • curve 1 can be used to represent the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion
  • curve 2 can be used to represent the frequency distribution of the payload portion
  • the bandwidth occupied by curve 1 is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by curve 2
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of a synchronous data portion is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload portion.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload part may be consistent with the bandwidth required for high-rate data transmission in the PON system.
  • the curve with a narrower occupied bandwidth corresponds to a lower frequency distribution, that is, in the present application, the frequency of the first synchronization data portion is lower than the frequency of the payload portion.
  • the transmission rate of the first synchronization data portion may be lower than the transmission rate of the payload portion, or it may be equal to the transmission rate of the payload portion.
  • FIG. 8 shows phase timing diagrams of three digital signals. Among them, comparing the three types of digital signals shown in Fig. 8, the coding frequency of the digital signal in (a) is higher than the coding frequency of the digital signal in (b) and (c).
  • the data transmission rate of (a) is the same as the data transmission rate of (c), and the data transmission rate of (a) is four times the data transmission rate of (b).
  • the transmission rate of a digital signal with a lower frequency may be the same as that of a digital signal with a higher frequency (for example, the digital signals shown in (c) and (a)), or it may be smaller than a digital signal with a higher frequency.
  • the transmission rate of the signal for example, the digital signals shown in (b) and (a)).
  • the first synchronization data part includes a first preamble part.
  • the OLT needs to respond to the burst data with abrupt amplitude and phase changes in a short time. the response to.
  • the first preamble portion in the first synchronization data portion can enable the OLT to make a correct response to the data in a short time (that is, correctly identify the rest of the uplink burst data except the first preamble portion, including the ONU's identification and Payload part).
  • the first synchronous data part further includes an identifier of the ONU.
  • the ONU identifier is used to indicate a unique ONU or to indicate a group of ONUs. That is, the identifier of the ONU in the synchronous data block can be used to indicate which ONU the current burst data block comes from or which group of ONUs. If the identifier of the ONU is used to indicate a group of ONUs, the group of ONUs may have similar performance, for example, the ONUs in the group have the same bandwidth, and the distance between the ONU and the OLT in the group is similar.
  • the identifier of the ONU may be a logical link identifier (LLID), a vendor specific serial number (VSSN), a MAC address, or other identifiers, which are not limited in this application.
  • the payload part is the valid data transmitted by the ONU to the OLT.
  • FIG. 6 shows a structure of the uplink burst data in the present application.
  • the uplink burst data in the present application may also be implemented in other structures.
  • the following exemplifies the possible structures of uplink burst data in this application:
  • the synchronization data block further includes a second synchronization data part, and the frequency distribution occupied by the frequency distribution of the second synchronization data part is wider than the first synchronization.
  • the frequency distribution of the data portion occupies a wide bandwidth.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of uplink burst data in this alternative embodiment.
  • the second synchronization data part reference may be made to the related description of the subsequent embodiments.
  • the transmission rate of the second synchronization data portion may be equal to the transmission rate of the payload portion.
  • the transmission quantity of the payload part is a data transmission rate required by the PON system.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the second synchronization data portion is a multiple of the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the second synchronization data portion is an integer multiple of the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion, and may also be a non-integer multiple, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 10 shows a possible structure of the second synchronization data part in the alternative embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the second synchronization data part may include a second preamble part (preamble2), and the second preamble part may be used for the OLT to identify the payload part of the uplink burst data.
  • the second synchronization data part may further include a second delimiter 2 (delimiter2), which is located after the second leading part and can be used by the OLT to locate the uplink burst more quickly. Send the payload part of the data.
  • delimiter2 second delimiter 2
  • the first synchronization data part may further include a first delimiter 1.
  • Fig. 11 shows a possible structure of a first synchronization data portion in this alternative embodiment.
  • the first delimiter may be located between the first leading part and the identifier of the ONU.
  • the first delimiter may also be located after the identifier of the ONU, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first delimiter can be used by the OLT to more quickly locate the identity of the ONU in the first synchronous data portion.
  • the code pattern of the first preamble part and the code pattern of the second preamble part in the uplink burst data may be defined in advance by a standard protocol, or may be determined by the OLT and sent to the ONU.
  • the same first preamble portion and / or second preamble portion may be used, or different first preamble portions and / or second preamble portions may be used. This application is not restricted.
  • the uplink burst data mentioned in this application may be implemented as an Ethernet data frame.
  • step S102 since the OLT and the ONU are connected through an optical fiber, the uplink burst data received by the OLT from the ONU is an optical signal, and the OLT needs to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for subsequent processing ( That is, step S103 is executed. That is, the uplink burst data processed by the OLT mentioned later in this application are all electrical signals.
  • the OLT obtains an identifier of the ONU in the first synchronization data part.
  • the OLT can obtain the payload portion of the uplink burst data, that is, the valid data sent by the ONU, and can also obtain the first synchronous data portion of the uplink burst data.
  • ONU logo Through the identification of the ONU, the OLT can know which ONU or group of ONUs the currently received uplink burst data comes from.
  • the OLT After receiving the uplink burst data sent by the ONU, the OLT first needs to recover the first synchronous data part of the uplink burst data.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload portion, that is, the frequency of the first synchronization data portion is lower than the frequency of the payload portion, and the first synchronization data portion is at
  • the impact of the transmission channel between the OLT and the ONU during the transmission process is also small. Therefore, the OLT may not use the equalization technology, or may use a preset equalization parameter to perform equalization processing on the received uplink burst data, and then recover the first synchronous data portion of the uplink burst data.
  • the OLT may store the preset equalization parameter in advance.
  • the step of configuring the equalization parameters to perform the equalization processing on the uplink burst data is omitted, which shortens the data processing time.
  • the OLT uses preset equalization parameters to perform equalization processing on the received uplink burst data, the process of obtaining the equalization parameters through the training process is omitted, and the data processing time can also be shortened. Therefore, in step 1, the OLT can quickly recover the first synchronous data portion of the uplink burst data, which takes less time.
  • the current clock and decision level of the OLT may be applicable to the last uplink burst data, but not applicable to the current uplink burst data. Received uplink burst data. Therefore, even if the OLT recovers the first synchronization data part in step 1, the specific values of the parts in the first synchronization data part cannot be accurately identified. Here, the OLT can accurately identify the identity of the ONU in the recovered first synchronization data part through step 2.
  • the OLT recovers the first clock according to the first preamble.
  • the first preamble is known in advance by the OLT.
  • the OLT may perform a correlation operation on the first preamble part that is known in advance and the first preamble part in the recovered synchronization data block, and it can be determined from the operation result.
  • the phase of the received signal When the phase difference between the first preamble learned in advance and the first preamble in the recovered synchronization data block is the smallest, the OLT may use the currently used clock as the first clock. That is, the OLT may recover the first clock according to the first preamble.
  • the OLT uses the first clock to identify the identifier of the ONU in the first synchronous data portion.
  • the frequency of the first preamble part and the identifier of the ONU are the same. Therefore, the first clock recovered in step 2 can be used by the OLT to identify the identifier of the ONU in the first synchronous data part.
  • the OLT can also establish a correct decision level according to the first preamble portion, so that the sampling time of the ONU's identification is located at the best sampling point, thereby accurately identifying the ONU's identification in the first synchronization data portion.
  • the difference between the code pattern of the ONU and the first preamble part is small, and the OLT may treat the ONU identity as the first preamble part and cannot accurately identify the ONU identity.
  • the first synchronization data part may further include a first delimiter.
  • the first delimiter may enable the OLT to quickly and accurately identify the identifier of the ONU.
  • the OLT may use the recovered first clock to identify the identifier of the ONU and the first delimiter in the first synchronization data part. Since the OLT knows the first delimiter in advance, the OLT may first identify the first synchronization data part in the first synchronization data part. Determine a delimiter, and then quickly and accurately identify the identifier of the ONU based on the positional relationship between the first delimiter and the identifier of the ONU. If the structure of the uplink burst data is shown in the left figure in FIG.
  • the OLT after the OLT recognizes the first delimiter, it can learn that the part after the first delimiter is the identifier of the ONU. If the structure of the uplink burst data is shown in the right figure in FIG. 11, after the OLT recognizes the first delimiter, it can learn that the part before the first delimiter is the identifier of the ONU. Here, the OLT can know the length of the identifier of the ONU in advance, thereby quickly identifying the identifier of the ONU.
  • the OLT can quickly and accurately identify the identifier of the ONU in the uplink burst data, and the identifier can be used to know which ONU or group of ONUs the currently received uplink burst data comes from.
  • the OLT can quickly identify which ONU or group of ONUs the uplink burst data comes from, and accordingly perform corresponding operations according to the uplink burst data to shorten the data
  • the time consumed for transmission improves the data transmission efficiency of the PON system.
  • the OLT can learn which ONU or which group of ONU the current uplink burst data comes from. After the OLT obtains the payload portion of the uplink burst data (that is, valid data), it can complete an effective data transmission.
  • the OLT needs to do some processing on the payload part of the received uplink burst data to offset the uplink.
  • the payload part of the burst data is affected.
  • channel equalization technology is an effective means to reduce inter-symbol interference in a communication system.
  • the communication system can use an equalizer to generate the opposite characteristics of the transmission channel, perform equalization processing on the data, and offset the impact of the transmission channel on the data.
  • equalization processing it is usually necessary to obtain the corresponding equalization parameters through the training process in advance.
  • the channel between the data transmitting end and the data receiving end is basically fixed, and the influence of the channel on the transmitted data is also relatively fixed. Therefore, in a point-to-point communication system, the influence of the fixed channel on the transmitted data can be learned through the training process during the initialization phase.
  • the data receiving end sets the equalization parameters of the equalizer based on the influence and can be used in the subsequent data transmission process.
  • the equalization parameter performs equalization processing on the data to offset the influence of the fixed channel on the transmitted data.
  • the training process needs to occupy the uplink bandwidth, and it takes a certain time, and the communication system cannot transmit valid data during the training process.
  • the data transmitting end (ONU) since the transmission of uplink data is in burst mode, the data transmitting end (ONU) will change at different time periods, and the data transmitting end (ONU) and data receiving end
  • the channels between (OLT) will also change, and the equalization parameters of the data receiving end to perform equalization processing on the data also need to be updated with the channel.
  • the channel changes if the equalization parameters are updated through the training process each time, it will cause a waste of uplink bandwidth, consume a lot of time, and affect the data transmission efficiency of the communication system.
  • this application will discuss how the OLT performs uplink burst data balancing to achieve rapid convergence in the uplink burst mode of the PON system, thereby reducing the uplink overhead of the PON system, ensuring effective uplink bandwidth, and achieving high-speed uplink data. transmission.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method provided by the present application. The method can be applied to the PON system shown in FIG. 1.
  • the method may include the following steps:
  • the ONU generates uplink burst data.
  • the uplink burst data includes a synchronization data block and a payload part.
  • the synchronization data block includes a first synchronization data part.
  • the first synchronization data part includes a first leading part and an identifier of the ONU.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of a synchronous data portion is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload portion.
  • the OLT receives uplink burst data sent by the ONU.
  • the OLT obtains the identifier of the ONU in the first synchronization data part.
  • steps S201-S203 is the same as the implementation of steps S101-S103 in the method shown in FIG. 4, and reference may be made to related descriptions.
  • the OLT configures an equalization parameter corresponding to the identifier of the ONU according to the correspondence between the pre-stored identifier of the ONU and the equalization parameter, and performs equalization processing on the payload part according to the configured equalization parameter.
  • the payload portion is transmitting.
  • the transmission channel between the OLT and the ONU is greatly affected, and the payload needs to be balanced to offset the impact.
  • the transmission channel between each ONU and OLT is basically fixed, that is, the characteristics of the transmission channel are basically unchanged, and the impact of the transmission channel on the transmitted data can be quantified and determined. Due to different channel conditions (such as transmission distance, channel dispersion, and performance of optical devices) between different ONUs and OLTs, data from different ONUs are affected by different channels (such as inter-symbol interference, etc.).
  • the equalization parameters used by the ONU data for equalization processing should correspond to the actual channel impact on the data, so that the data can be accurately equalized.
  • the OLT can identify the ONU or group of ONUs from which the currently received uplink burst data comes from the identifier of the ONU in the uplink burst data, and configure equalization parameters corresponding to the identifier of the ONU.
  • the equalization parameter performs equalization processing on the payload part of the uplink burst data.
  • the OLT may store the correspondence between the identifiers and the equalization parameters of each ONU in the PON system in advance.
  • an equalization parameter corresponding to an identifier of an ONU is an equalization parameter corresponding to a transmission channel between the OLT and the ONU.
  • Table 1 shows a possible correspondence between identifiers and equalization parameters of each ONU stored by the OLT.
  • the equalization parameters involved in this application include but are not limited to at least one of the following: the type of the equalizer, the order of the equalizer, and the tap coefficient of the equalizer.
  • Bandwidth optical devices can also achieve uplink high-speed data transmission, which can reduce the cost of the access network while meeting the high-speed data transmission requirements of the next-generation PON system.
  • the corresponding equalization parameters can be configured through the ONU's identity, and no equalization parameters need to be obtained through the training process to achieve rapid convergence. , Reduce the uplink overhead, ensure the uplink effective bandwidth, can improve the uplink data transmission efficiency of the PON system.
  • step S204 of the method shown in FIG. 12 after the OLT performs equalization processing on the payload part according to the configured equalization parameters, the influence of the transmission channel on the payload part is offset.
  • the first clock recovered by the OLT according to the first leading part of the first synchronization data part is not exactly the same as the clock of the payload part, and may not be applicable to the payload part. Therefore, the OLT cannot accurately identify The specific value of the payload portion after equalization.
  • the following describes the manner in which the OLT recovers a clock suitable for the payload part, and uses the recovered clock to identify the specific value of the payload part.
  • the second synchronization data part can be used for the OLT to identify the payload part.
  • the OLT may recover the second clock according to the second synchronous data part.
  • the operation of the OLT to recover the second clock according to the second synchronous data is similar to the operation of the OLT to recover the first clock according to the first preamble in step S103 of the method shown in FIG. 4, and reference may be made to related descriptions.
  • the transmission rate of the second synchronization data portion may be equal to the transmission rate of the payload portion. Therefore, the OLT can use the second clock to identify the payload portion.
  • the OLT may also establish a correct decision level according to the second synchronization data part, so that the sampling time of the payload part of the OLT is located at the optimal sampling point, thereby accurately identifying the payload part.
  • the OLT may recover the second clock and establish a decision level according to the second preamble part.
  • the second delimiter can be used for the OLT to quickly locate the payload part.
  • the OLT uses the second clock to identify the delimiter and the payload part in the second synchronous data part. Since the OLT knows the second delimiter in advance, the OLT may first identify the second delimiter in the second synchronous data part. Character, and then quickly locate and identify the payload part according to the positional relationship between the second delimiter and the payload part (that is, the payload part is located after the second delimiter).
  • the second delimiter By using the second delimiter, the difference between the code pattern of the payload part and the second leading part can be avoided, and the situation that the OLT cannot accurately identify the payload part can be avoided.
  • the OLT is based on the first preamble in step S203 of the method shown in FIG. 12 above.
  • the second clock may be initially determined according to a multiple relationship between the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the second synchronization data portion and the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion.
  • the OLT only needs to modify the initially determined second clock to obtain a second clock suitable for the payload part. In this way, the time for the OLT to determine the second clock to identify the payload part in step S204 can be shortened, and the data processing speed can be improved.
  • the equalization parameters corresponding to the identifiers of the respective ONUs stored in the OLT may be obtained through a training process.
  • This training process is performed between each ONU in the OLT and PON systems to obtain the corresponding equalization parameters.
  • This training process may be implemented before the method shown in FIG. 12, that is, executed before step S201.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a training process of an equalization parameter provided by the present application. As shown in the figure, the training process may include the following steps:
  • the OLT receives a first message sent by the ONU, where the first message includes a third preamble and a registration request.
  • the ONU needs to register with the OLT before sending data to the OLT.
  • the ONU may send a first message to the OLT, where the first message includes a registration request, and the registration request is used for the ONU to register with the OLT.
  • the registration request can be REGISTER_REQ.
  • the OLT may open the window periodically, and during the window opening, the ONU is allowed to register with the OLT.
  • the ONU registered to the OLT during the window opening may be a newly deployed ONU in the PON system.
  • the manner in which the ONU determines the third preamble includes, but is not limited to, the following two ways: (1) The ONU stores the parameters such as the code pattern and the encoding frequency of the third preamble in advance, and determines the third preamble according to the pre-stored parameter. . (2) The OLT configures parameters such as the code pattern and coding frequency of the third preamble for the ONU, and sends the configured parameters to the ONU. The ONU determines the third preamble according to the received parameters.
  • each ONU in the PON system may use the same or different third preamble to send the first message to the OLT, which is not limited in this application.
  • the third preamble is used by the OLT to determine an equalization coefficient corresponding to a transmission channel, and the transmission channel is a transmission channel between the OLT and the ONU.
  • the determination process refer to the related description of the subsequent step S302.
  • the length of the first preamble in FIG. 4 and FIG. 12 is shorter than the length of the third preamble, that is, the length of the first preamble in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 12 is shorter, which can ensure that the OLT is in
  • the embodiment of the method shown in FIG. 12 recovers the first clock through the first preamble and identifies the identifier of the ONU, so as to determine the time consumed by the equalization coefficient, compared with the time when the OLT determines the equalization coefficient (that is, the training process) through the third preamble The time consumed is short, thereby achieving rapid convergence in the methods shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 12.
  • the OLT determines an equalization parameter based on the received third preamble.
  • the OLT determines an equalization parameter based on the received third preamble.
  • the third preamble received by the OLT is transmitted through a channel (that is, a channel between the OLT and the ONU), and the third preamble carries a channel response. Therefore, the equalization parameter determined based on the third preamble corresponds to the transmission channel between the OLT and the ONU, and can reflect the characteristics of the transmission channel, that is, the equalization parameter can reflect the impact of the transmission channel on the transmitted data. .
  • the equalization parameters determined by the OLT include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: the type of tap of the equalizer, the order of the equalizer, and the tap coefficient.
  • the OLT determines the equalization coefficient based on the received third preamble, which is not limited in this application.
  • the method for the OLT to calculate the tap coefficients in the equalization parameters based on the received third preamble may include: a least mean square (LMS) algorithm, a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, The minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm, the least squares (LS) algorithm, or the derivative algorithms of the above four algorithms are not limited in this application.
  • LMS least mean square
  • RLS recursive least squares
  • MMSE minimum mean square error
  • LS least squares
  • the OLT stores a correspondence between the identifier of the ONU and the determined equalization parameter.
  • the OLT may store the correspondence between the ONU identity and the determined equalization parameter.
  • the correspondence between the identifier of the ONU unit and the determined equalization parameter can be used by the OLT to implement the data transmission method shown in FIG. 12, that is, when the OLT receives the uplink burst data from the ONU, The payload part of the data is balanced.
  • the OLT can learn the influence of the transmission channel from the OLT to each ONU on the transmitted data in the PON system, and determine the equalization parameters corresponding to each transmission channel based on the influence.
  • the method shown in FIG. 13 may be performed intermittently or periodically between the OLT and each ONU of the PON system to update the balancing parameters stored in the OLT.
  • the uplink burst data when the ONU sends uplink burst data to the OLT, the uplink burst data includes the identifier of the ONU.
  • the OLT needs to determine the This equalization parameter corresponds to the identity of the ONU. It can be known that before the OLT communicates with an ONU, both the OLT and the ONU can learn the identity of the ONU. The following describes in detail two ways in which the OLT and the ONU obtain the identity of the ONU.
  • the ONU's identity is assigned to each ONU by the OLT.
  • the OLT may allocate an identity to each ONU registered to the OLT.
  • the identifier allocated by the OLT to each ONU may be a logical link identifier (LLID) or other identifiers, which is not limited in this application.
  • the OLT may send the identifier allocated to the ONU to the ONU. That is, after step S301 in the method shown in FIG. 13, the method shown in FIG. 13 may further include the following steps: The OLT sends an identifier allocated to the ONU to the ONU.
  • the OLT may also send the identifier assigned to the ONU to the ONU in other cases. For example, when the OLT detects that a new ONU is connected to the PON system, it assigns the identifier to the newly accessed ONU. There are no restrictions on the application.
  • the ONU can obtain the identifier and inform the OLT of the identifier in this application.
  • the unique identifier of the ONU includes, but is not limited to, the following: a vendor-specific serial number (VSSN) of the ONU, and a MAC address.
  • VSSN vendor-specific serial number
  • MAC address MAC address
  • the ONU may carry the identity in a registration request sent to the OLT. That is, in step S301 in the method shown in FIG. 13, the registration request sent by the ONU to the OLT carries the identity of the ONU.
  • the ONU may also carry the identity of the ONU in other messages sent to the OLT, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 14 shows a PON system, an OLT, and an ONU provided by the present application.
  • the PON system includes: OLT 400 and ONU 500.
  • the PON system may be the PON 100 described in FIG. 1
  • the OLT 400 may be the OLT 101 in the system shown in FIG. 1
  • the ONU 500 may be the ONU 102 in the system shown in FIG. 1. They are described separately below.
  • the OLT 400 may include a receiving unit 401 and an obtaining unit 402. among them:
  • the receiving unit 401 is configured to receive uplink burst data sent by an ONU.
  • the uplink burst data includes a synchronization data block and a payload part.
  • the synchronization data block includes a first synchronization data part.
  • the first synchronization data part includes a first preamble part and the ONU.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload portion;
  • the obtaining unit 402 is configured to obtain an identifier of the ONU in the first synchronization data part.
  • the receiving unit 401 may be configured to perform step S102 in the embodiment of FIG. 4, and the receiving unit 402 may be configured to perform step S103 in the embodiment of FIG. 4, and reference may be made to related descriptions, and details are not described herein.
  • the obtaining unit 402 may include a restoration unit 4021 and a recognition unit 4022.
  • the recovery unit 4021 is configured to recover the first clock according to the first preamble
  • the identification unit 4022 is configured to use the first clock to identify the identifier of the ONU in the first synchronous data portion.
  • the OLT 400 may further include a configuration unit 403 and an equalization unit 404.
  • the configuration unit 403 is configured to configure an equalization parameter corresponding to the identifier of the ONU based on the correspondence between the pre-stored identifier of the ONU and the equalization parameter
  • the equalization unit 404 is configured to perform the payload part according to the configured equalization parameter. Balanced processing.
  • the configuration unit 403 and the equalization unit 404 may be configured to execute step S204 in the embodiment of FIG. 12, and reference may be made to related descriptions, and details are not described herein again.
  • the ONU 500 may include: a generating unit 501 and a sending unit 502. among them:
  • the generating unit 501 is configured to generate uplink burst data.
  • the uplink burst data includes a synchronization data block and a payload part.
  • the synchronization data block includes a first synchronization data part.
  • the first synchronization data part includes a first preamble part and an identifier of the ONU.
  • the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the first synchronization data portion is narrower than the bandwidth occupied by the frequency distribution of the payload portion;
  • the sending unit 502 is configured to send uplink burst data to the OLT.
  • the generating unit 502 may be used to execute step S101 in the embodiment of FIG. 4, and the sending unit 502 may be used to execute step S102 in the embodiment of FIG. 4, and reference may be made to related descriptions, and details are not described herein.
  • each functional unit included in the OLT 400 reference may be made to the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • each functional unit included in the ONU 500 reference may be made to the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • the OLT in the uplink burst mode, can quickly identify which ONU or group of ONUs the uplink burst data comes from, so as to perform corresponding operations according to the uplink burst data, and shorten the data transmission location.
  • the time consumed improves the data transmission efficiency of the PON system.
  • this application is applicable to other point-to-point communication systems in addition to the PON field.
  • the uplink data transmission mode is burst mode
  • the data transmission method of this application can be used.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种数据传输方法、相关装置及系统，该方法可包括：OLT接收ONU发送的上行突发数据，上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和ONU的标识；第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；OLT获取第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。实施本申请，在上行突发模式下，OLT可快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU，从而根据该上行突发数据执行相应的操作，缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。

Description

数据传输方法、相关装置及系统 技术领域
本申请涉及无源光网络技术领域，特别涉及数据传输方法、相关装置及系统。
背景技术
近年来，宽带接入技术发展迅速，无源光网络(passive optical network，PON)已经完成大规模普及和迅速扩建。随着用户数据需求量的增加，10G PON已经进入规模部署阶段，下一代的PON系统标准也在逐步制定和完善。
由于下一代PON系统传输速率的提升，当前的光器件带宽将难以满足需求。通过电域的均衡技术来补偿光器件带宽的不足，将成为下一代PON系统克服光器件带宽不足的一种有效解决方法。
PON系统属于点对多点的通信系统，上行数据的传输为突发模式。在不同的时间段，光线路终端(optical line terminal，OLT)接收来自不同光网络单元(optical network unit，ONU)的数据。不同ONU的光模块器件带宽可能不一致，不同ONU到OLT的距离也不一致，在使用电域均衡技术时，OLT侧的电域均衡器的工作参数可能也不一样。按照当前的PON系统工作模式，在接收到上行突发数据时，OLT的均衡器是不知道当前接收的数据来自哪个ONU，需要通过很长的一段前导码或者训练码来完成均衡器的优化和收敛。在优化和收敛过程中，ONU是无法发送真正有效的业务数据，这会造成PON系统的上行效率下降，影响系统的有效带宽。
在PON系统中，如果OLT能够快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU，就可以提前配置电域均衡器的工作参数，从而减少均衡器优化和收敛的时间，提升PON系统的上行效率。因此，在PON系统中，如何快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU，是当前PON系统没有的技术，需要提出一种新的方法来解决该问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了数据传输方法、相关装置及系统，可缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种数据传输方法，应用于OLT侧，该方法可包括：OLT接收ONU发送的上行突发数据，该上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和该ONU的标识；第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；OLT获取第一同步数据部分中的该ONU的标识。
实施第一方面的方法，上行突发模式下，OLT可快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU，从而根据该上行突发数据执行相应的操作，缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。
在上行突发数据中，第一同步数据部分中的该第一前导部分可使得OLT在短时间内对数据作出正确的响应(即正确识别上行突发数据中除第一前导部分的其余部分，包括ONU的标识和净荷部分)。ONU的标识用于指示唯一的一个ONU或者用于指示一组ONU。若ONU的标识用于指示一组ONU，则该一组ONU可以具有相近的性能。净荷部分为ONU向OLT传输的有效数据。
结合第一方面，在可选实施例中，同步数据块还可包括第二同步数据部分，第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽宽。
这里，在第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄的情况下，第一同步数据部分在传输过程中受到的OLT与ONU之间的传输信道带来的影响(包括光纤、以及收发光器件的性能带来的影响)也较小，OLT可以不采用均衡技术，或者，采用预设的均衡参数对接收到的上行突发数据做均衡处理后，即可恢复上行突发数据中的第一同步数据部分，可缩短数据的处理时间。
结合上述可选实施例，可选的，第二同步数据部分的传输速率可以等于净荷部分的传输速率。
这里，在第二同步数据部分的传输速率等于净荷部分的传输速率的情况下，OLT可听过第二同步数据部分恢复时钟，并采用该恢复的时钟识别净荷部分。
结合上述可选实施例，可选的，第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的倍数。这里，第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的整数倍，也可以为非整数倍，本申请不做限制。
这里，若第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的倍数，可缩短恢复适用于净荷部分的第二时钟的时间，提高数据的处理速度。
结合上述可选实施例，可选的，第二同步数据部分可包括第二前导部分，第二前导部分可用于OLT识别上行突发数据的净荷部分。可选的，第二同步数据部分还可包括第二定界符，第二定界符位于第二前导部分之后，可用于OLT更快地定位上行突发数据的净荷部分。
结合第一方面以及上述任意一种可选方式，第一同步数据部分还可包括第一定界符。第一定界符可以位于第一前导部分和ONU的标识之间，也可以位于ONU的标识之后，本申请不做限制。这里，第一定界符可用于OLT更快地定位第一同步数据部分中ONU的标识。
结合第一方面以及上述任意一种可选方式，可选的，OLT获取第一同步数据部分中的所述ONU的标识，具体可包括：OLT根据第一前导部分恢复出第一时钟；OLT采用第一时钟识别第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
具体的，分步骤详细解释该可选方式的具体实现：
1、OLT接收到ONU发送的上行突发数据后，首先需恢复该上行突发数据中的第一同步数据部分。
这里，由于突发数据之间的幅度、相位差异很大，发送的时间间隔很小，OLT当前的时钟以及判决电平可能适用于上一次的上行突发数据，但并不适用于当前接收到的上行突 发数据。因此，即使OLT恢复出第一同步数据部分，也并不能准确识别第一同步数据部分中各部分的具体数值。
2、在恢复第一同步数据部分之后，OLT根据第一前导部分恢复出第一时钟。
3、并采用第一时钟识别第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
这里，第一前导部分和ONU的标识的频率一致，因此，步骤2中恢复出的第一时钟可用于OLT识别第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。可选的，在一些可能的情况中，ONU的标识和第一前导部分的码型的差别较小，OLT可能会将ONU的标识当作第一前导部分，无法准确识别ONU的标识。在这种可选情况中，第一同步数据部分中还可包括第一定界符，第一定界符可使得OLT快速准确地识别ONU的标识。
结合第一方面以及上述任意一种可选方式，可选的，第一方面的数据传输方法还可包括：OLT根据预存的ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系，配置与ONU的标识相对应的均衡参数，并根据配置的均衡参数对净荷部分进行均衡处理。
这里，均衡参数包括但不限于以下至少一项：均衡器的抽头的类型，均衡器的阶数及抽头系数等。
在上述可选方式中，由于PON系统上行数据的传输为突发模式，在不同的时间段，数据发射端(ONU)会发生变化，数据发射端(ONU)和数据接收端(OLT)之间的信道也会发生变化，数据接收端对数据做均衡处理的均衡参数也需要随着信道进行更新。本申请中，可预先通过训练过程获取和各个ONU的标识对应的均衡参数并进行存储，该均衡参数可反映OLT和ONU之间的信道对传输数据的影响。这里，该训练过程及存储过程可包括如下步骤：
1、OLT接收ONU发送的第一消息，该第一消息包括第三前导码和注册请求。
2、OLT基于接收到的第三前导码确定均衡参数。
3、OLT存储该ONU的标识和确定的该均衡参数的对应关系。
通过上述过程，OLT可获知PON系统中，OLT到各个ONU的传输信道对所传输的数据的影响，基于该影响确定各个传输信道分别对应的均衡参数，并将确定的均衡系数和ONU的标识相对应。
通过上述可选方式，OLT通过均衡技术对净荷部分做处理，可补偿光器件带宽的不足，因此，使用较低带宽的光器件即可达到甚至优于高带宽光器件的性能，较低带宽的光器件(包括OLT和ONU)也能实现上行的高速率数据传输，可在满足下一代PON系统的高速率数据传输要求的情况下，降低接入网成本。此外，在上行的突发模式下，OLT接收到上行突发数据时，通过ONU的标识即可配置对应的均衡参数，无需通过训练过程来获取均衡参数，可实现快速收敛，降低上行开销，保证上行有效带宽，可提高PON系统的上行数据传输效率。
第二方面，本申请提供一种数据传输方法，应用于ONU侧，该方法可包括：ONU生成上行突发数据，上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和ONU的标识；第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；ONU将上行突发数据发送给OLT。
这里，第二方面所描述的上行突发数据和第一方面中的上行突发数据的结构及作用相 同，可参照第一方面的相关描述，在此不赘述。
第三方面，本申请提供一种OLT，用于执行第一方面描述的数据传输方法。该OLT可包括：存储器以及与所述存储器耦合的处理器，其中：所述存储器用于存储第一方面描述的数据传输方法的实现代码，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中存储的程序代码，即执行第一方面所提供的方法，或者第一方面可能的实施方式中的任意一种所提供的方法。
第四方面，本申请提供一种ONU，用于执行第二方面描述的数据传输方法。该ONU可包括：存储器以及与所述存储器耦合的处理器，其中：所述存储器用于存储第二方面描述的数据传输方法的实现代码，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中存储的程序代码，即执行第二方面所提供的方法，或者第二方面可能的实施方式中的任意一种所提供的方法。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种OLT，该OLT可包括多个功能模块，用于相应的执行第一方面所提供的方法，或者第一方面可能的实施方式中的任意一种所提供的方法。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种ONU，该ONU可包括多个功能模块，用于相应的执行第二方面所提供的方法，或者第二方面可能的实施方式中的任意一种所提供的方法。
第七方面，本申请提供了一种PON系统，该PON系统包括：OLT和ONU。其中，该OLT可以是上述第三方面描述的OLT，该ONU可以是上述第四方面描述的ONU。该OLT也可以是上述第五方面描述的OLT，该ONU也可以是上述第六方面描述的ONU。
第八方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面描述的数据传输方法。
第九方面，本申请提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面描述的数据传输方法。
第十方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第二方面描述的数据传输方法。
第十一方面，本申请提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第二方面描述的数据传输方法。
实施本申请，上行突发模式下，OLT可快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU，从而根据该上行突发数据执行相应的操作，缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。
附图说明
图1为本申请提供的通信系统的结构示意图；
图2为本申请提供的OLT的结构示意图；
图3为本申请提供的ONU的结构示意图；
图4为本申请提供的一种数据传输方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请涉及的PON系统上行数据传输的场景示意图；
图6为本申请提供的上行突发数据的一种结构示意图；
图7为本申请涉及的数据频率分布示意图；
图8为本申请涉及的数字信号的相位时序图；
图9为本申请提供的上行突发数据的另一种结构示意图；
图10为本申请的上行突发数据中第二同步数据部分的结构示意图；
图11为本申请的上行突发数据中第一同步数据部分的结构示意图；
图12为本申请提供的另一种数据传输方法的流程示意图；
图13为本申请提供的均衡参数的训练过程的流程示意图；
图14为本申请提供的OLT、ONU的功能框图。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。
为了更好地描述本申请提出的数据传输方法，首先介绍本申请的方法所涉及的通信系统。参见图1，图1示出了本申请提供的通信系统PON 100的结构示意图。PON 100可以进行高速率的数据传输，不限于以太网无源光网络(Ethernet PON，EPON)系统(例如10G EPON、50G EPON等)、吉比特无源光网络(Gigabit-Capable PON，GPON)系统(例如10G GPON、50G GPON等)、XG-PON系统，还可以是未来演进的PON系统。
如图1所示，PON 100应用于接入网，用于将各种终端设备连接至核心网。PON 100可包括：OLT 101、一个或多个ONU 102、连接OLT 101和ONU 102的光分配网络(optical distribution network，ODN)103。其中：
OLT 101位于局端，用于提供面向用户的无源光纤网络的光纤接口。OLT 101上连上层网络(如图1所示的公共交换电话网(public switched telephone network，PSTN)、Internet、CATV等)，完成PON系统的上行接入；OLT 101通过ODN下连ONU 102，实现对ONU 102的控制、管理和测距等功能。在本申请中，OLT 101中可包括均衡器，用于对ONU 102发送的上行数据做均衡处理，以消除上行数据在传输过程中受到的信道衰落、码间干扰等影响，可提升PON 100的上行数据传输效率，补偿OLT 101带宽的不足，达到或者优于具有更大带宽的OLT的性能。
ONU 102位于用户侧，属于用户端设备，为PON 100提供用户侧接口。如果ONU直接提供用户端口功能，如个人电脑(personal computer，PC)上网用的以太网用户端口，则称为光网络终端(optical network terminal，ONT)。ONU 102与OLT120配合实现以太网二层、以太网三层功能，为用户提供语音、数据和多媒体等业务。ONU 102可选择接收OLT101发送的数据，还可接收用户终端(如手机、电脑等)发送的用户的以太网数据并进行缓存，并在OLT 101分配的发送窗口中向上行方向发送。
ODN 103由光纤(例如图1所示的主干光纤和分支光纤)和一个或多个无源光分路器等无源光器件组成，在OLT和ONU间提供光通道，用于分发或复用OLT 101和ONU 102之间的数据。
本申请中，图1所示的PON 100为点对多点的时分复用(time division multiplexing，TDM)系统，从OLT到ONU称为下行，从ONU到OLT为上行。其中，上行的数据传输为突发模式。即，OLT 101在不同的时刻接收来自不同ONU 102的数据，在特定的时间段，OLT 101只能接收一个ONU 102发送的数据。在突发模式下，OLT 101在不同时间段接收到的数据来自不同的ONU 102，由于OLT 101到不同ONU 102之间的距离、信道条件的不 同，数据经过的时延和衰减也不同。
本申请将讨论在PON系统的上行突发模式下，OLT如何快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU，从而根据该上行突发数据执行相应的操作，缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。
参见图2，图2为本申请提供的一种OLT 200的结构示意图。OLT 200可以实现为图1所示PON系统中的OLT 101。如图2所示，OLT 200可包括：通信接口201、一个或多个处理器202、存储器203、均衡器204、光接收机205和光发射机206。这些部件可通过总线或者其它方式连接。其中：
通信接口201可用于OLT 200与其他通信设备通信，例如ONU、上层网络设备等。具体实现中，通信接口201可包括有线通信接口(例如以太网接口、光纤接口等)和无线通信接口。
存储器203与处理器202耦合，用于存储各种软件程序和/或多组指令。具体实现中，存储器203可包括高速随机存取的存储器，并且也可包括非易失性存储器，例如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器203中内置有操作系统，例如Linux、uCOS、VxWorks、RTLinux等操作系统。存储器203还可以内置网络通信程序，该网络通信程序可用于与PON系统的其他设备进行通信。
在本申请的一些实施例中，存储器203可用于存储本申请的一个或多个实施例提供的数据传输方法在OLT侧的实现程序。关于本申请提供的数据传输方法的实现，请参考后续实施例。在可选实施例中，存储器203还可以存储PON系统中的多个ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系。关于本申请中ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系，请参考后续实施例。
处理器202可以是通用处理器，例如中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，处理器201还可包括硬件芯片，上述硬件芯片可以是以下一种或多种的组合：专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)，复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device，CPLD)。处理器202可处理通信接口201接收到的数据，处理器202还可处理将被发送到通信接口201以通过有线传输介质传送的数据。在可选实施例中，处理器202可用于配置均衡器204的工作参数。关于均衡器204的工作参数，请参考后续实施例。
本申请中，处理器202可用于读取和执行计算机可读指令。具体的，处理器202可用于调用存储于存储器203中的程序，例如本申请的一个或多个实施例提供的数据传输方法在OLT侧的实现程序，并执行该程序包含的指令。
本申请中，处理器202用于获取ONU发送的上行突发数据中携带的该ONU的标识，以识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU。在一些实施例中，处理器202还用于根据存储器203中预存的ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系，确定与该ONU的标识相对应的均衡参数。
均衡器204用于处理光接收机205输出的信号，用于优化信号质量。均衡器204主要可用于补偿由于带宽不足的光器件对高速率数据的影响，以及，补偿数据在传输信道(即光纤)中受到的码间干扰、信道衰落等因素造成的信号畸变，从而正确恢复对端发送的数 据。可选的，均衡器204可以通过滤波器实现。在一些实施例中，均衡器204用于根据处理器202确定的均衡参数进行配置，并根据配置的均衡参数对上行突发数据中的净荷部分进行均衡处理。
光接收机205用于光电信号转换，用于接收上行突发光信号(即上行突发数据)，把光信号转换成电信号。
光发射机206用于电光信号转换，用于将处理器202生成的下行电信号(即下行数据)转换成光信号，并通过ODN发送至对应的ONU。
这里，图2所示的OLT 200仅仅是本申请的一种实现方式，实际应用中，OLT 200还可以包括更多或更少的部件，这里不作限制。
参见图3，图3为本申请提供的一种ONU 300的结构示意图。ONU 300可以实现为图1所示PON系统中的ONU 102。如图3所示，ONU 300可包括：通信接口301、一个或多个处理器302、存储器303、光接收机304和光发射机305。这些部件可通过总线或者其它方式连接。其中：
通信接口301可用于ONU 300与其他通信设备通信，例如OLT、用户终端等。具体实现中，通信接口301可包括有线通信接口(例如以太网接口、光纤接口等)和无线通信接口。
存储器303与处理器302耦合，用于存储各种软件程序和/或多组指令。具体实现中，存储器303可包括高速随机存取的存储器，并且也可包括非易失性存储器，例如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器303中内置有操作系统，例如Linux、uCOS、VxWorks、RTLinux等操作系统。存储器303还可以内置网络通信程序，该网络通信程序可用于与PON系统的其他设备进行通信。
在本申请的一些实施例中，存储器303可用于存储本申请的一个或多个实施例提供的数据传输方法在ONU侧的实现程序。关于本申请提供的数据传输方法的实现，请参考后续实施例。
处理器302可以是通用处理器，例如中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，处理器301还可包括硬件芯片，上述硬件芯片可以是以下一种或多种的组合：专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)，复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device，CPLD)。处理器302可处理通信接口301接收到的数据，处理器302还可处理将被发送到通信接口301以通过有线传输介质传送的数据。
本申请中，处理器302可用于读取和执行计算机可读指令。具体的，处理器302可用于调用存储于存储器303中的程序，例如本申请的一个或多个实施例提供的数据传输方法在ONU侧的实现程序，并执行该程序包含的指令。
光接收机304用于光电信号转换，用于接收OLT发送的下行光信号(即下行数据)，把光信号转换成电信号。
光发射机305用于电光信号转换，用于将处理器302生成的上行电信号(即上行突发数据)转换成光信号，并通过ODN发送至OLT。
这里，图3所示的ONU 300仅仅是本申请的一种实现方式，实际应用中，ONU 300还可以包括更多或更少的部件，这里不作限制。
基于前述点对多点的通信系统PON 100、OLT 200以及ONU 300，本申请提出了一种数据传输方法。该方法可应用于点对多点的通信系统，上行突发模式下，OLT可快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU，从而根据该上行突发数据执行相应的操作，缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。
参见图4，图4为本申请提供的数据传输方法的流程示意图，该方法可应用于图1所示的PON系统。
如图4所示，该方法可包括如下步骤：
S101、ONU生成上行突发数据，该上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和该ONU的标识；第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄。
S102、ONU向OLT发送上行突发数据，相应地，OLT接收ONU发送的上行突发数据。
这里，OLT可以为图1所示PON 100中的OLT 101，也可以是图2所示的OLT 200。ONU可以为图1所示PON 100中的ONU 102，也可以是图3所示的ONU 300。
本申请中，ONU到OLT为上行方向，上行方向采用时分复用的方式传输数据。参见图5，上行传输时间被分为若干时隙(time slot)，每个时隙可供一个ONU发送数据，即上行数据传输属于突发模式，OLT在不同的时隙可接收到来自不同ONU的上行突发数据数据。
下面详细介绍本申请中的上行突发数据的结构。参见图6，图6示出了本申请中上行突发数据的一种结构。如图所示，上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分(data)，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分(preamble1)和该ONU的标识(ONU-ID)。
在上行突发数据中，第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄。参见图7，图7为数据的频率分布示意图。如图所示，X轴为频率(f)，Y轴为幅度(w)，图7所示的曲线为数据的频率分布，曲线和坐标轴之间的区域可用于表示该数据的频率分布所占的带宽。在一个具体的例子中，曲线1可用于表示第一同步数据部分的频率分布，曲线2可用于表示净荷部分的频率分布，曲线1所占的带宽比曲线2所占的带宽窄，即第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄。可选的，净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽可以和PON系统的高速率数据传输所要求的带宽一致。
从图7可以看出，所占带宽较窄的曲线对应的频率分布较低，即在本申请中，第一同步数据部分的频率低于净荷部分的频率。这里，在第一同步数据部分的频率低于净荷部分的频率的情况下，第一同步数据部分的传输速率有可能小于净荷部分的传输速率，也有可能等于净荷部分的传输速率。
下面详细说明数字信号的频率高低与传输速率的关系。参见图8，图8示出了三种数字信号的相位时序图。其中，对比图8示出的三种数字信号，(a)中的数字信号编码频率 高于(b)和(c)中的数字信号编码频率。在传输图8所示的数字信号时，(a)的数据传输速率和(c)的数据传输速率相同，(a)的数据传输速率为(b)的数据传输速率的4倍。也就是说，频率较低的数字信号的传输速率有可能和频率更高的数字信号的传输速率相同(例如(c)和(a)所示的数字信号)，也有可能小于频率更高的数字信号的传输速率(例如(b)和(a)所示的数字信号)。
在上行突发数据的同步数据块中，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分。在上行突发模式中，由于来自不同ONU的突发数据间的幅度、相位差异很大，发送的时间间隔很小，因此，OLT需要在短时间内对幅度、相位突变的突发数据作出对应的响应。这里，第一同步数据部分中的该第一前导部分可使得OLT在短时间内对数据作出正确的响应(即正确识别上行突发数据中除第一前导部分的其余部分，包括ONU的标识和净荷部分)。其中，OLT如何根据第一前导部分正确识别ONU的标识和净荷部分，可参照后续步骤S103的相关描述。
在上行突发数据的同步数据块中，第一同步数据部分还包括ONU的标识。ONU的标识用于指示唯一的一个ONU或者用于指示一组ONU。也就是说，同步数据块中ONU的标识可用于指示当前的突发数据块来自哪个ONU或者来自哪一组中的ONU。若ONU的标识用于指示一组ONU，则该一组ONU可以具有相近的性能，例如，该组中的ONU具有相同的带宽、该组中的ONU和OLT之间的距离相近等。这里，ONU的标识可以为逻辑链路标识(logic link identifier，LLID)、供应商特定序列号(vendor specific serial number，VSSN)、MAC地址，也可以为其他标识，本申请不做限制。
在上行突发数据中，净荷部分为ONU向OLT传输的有效数据。
上述图6示出了本申请中上行突发数据的一种结构，具体实现中，本申请的上行突发数据还可以实现为其他结构。下面示例性地列举了本申请中上行突发数据可能的结构：
在可选实施例中，在图6所示的上行突发数据的基础上，同步数据块还包括第二同步数据部分，第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽宽。可参见图9，图9为该可选实施例中上行突发数据的结构示意图。关于第二同步数据部分的作用可参照后续实施例的相关描述。
可选的，第二同步数据部分的传输速率可以等于净荷部分的传输速率。可选的，净荷部分的传输数量为PON系统要求的数据传输速率。
可选的，第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的倍数。这里，第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的整数倍，也可以为非整数倍，本申请不做限制。
参见图10，图10示出了图9所示的可选实施例中第二同步数据部分可能的一种结构。如图10中左图所示，可选的，第二同步数据部分可包括第二前导部分(preamble2)，第二前导部分可用于OLT识别上行突发数据的净荷部分。进一步地，如图10中右图所示，第二同步数据部分还可包括第二定界符(delimiter2)，第二定界符位于第二前导部分之后，可用于OLT更快地定位上行突发数据的净荷部分。
在可选实施例中，在图6或图9所示的上行突发数据的基础上，第一同步数据部分还可包括第一定界符(delimiter1)。参见图11，图11示出了该可选实施例中第一同步数据部 分的可能的结构。如图11中的左图所示，第一定界符可以位于第一前导部分和ONU的标识之间。如图11中的右图所示，第一定界符也可以位于ONU的标识之后，本申请不做限制。这里，第一定界符可用于OLT更快地定位第一同步数据部分中ONU的标识。
在上述可选实施例中，上行突发数据中第一前导部分的码型、第二前导部分的码型可以由标准协议预先定义，也可以由OLT确定后发送给ONU。这里，PON系统中的各个ONU在向OLT发送上行突发数据时，可使用相同的第一前导部分和/或第二前导部分，也可以使用不同的第一前导部分和/或第二前导部分，本申请不做限制。
可选的，本申请中提到的上行突发数据可以实现为以太网数据帧。
可理解的，在步骤S102中，由于OLT和ONU之间通过光纤连接，OLT接收到的来自ONU的上行突发数据为光信号，OLT需要将光信号转换为电信号后对其做后续处理(即执行步骤S103)。即，本申请中后续提到的OLT所处理的上行突发数据都为电信号。
S103、OLT获取第一同步数据部分中的该ONU的标识。
具体的，OLT接收到ONU发送的上行突发数据后，可获取该上行突发数据中的净荷部分，即ONU发送的有效数据，还可获取上行突发数据的第一同步数据部分中的ONU标识。通过该ONU的标识，OLT可获知当前接收到的上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU。
下面分步骤详细描述OLT获取第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识的具体操作：
1、OLT接收到ONU发送的上行突发数据后，首先需恢复该上行突发数据中的第一同步数据部分。
具体的，第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄，即第一同步数据部分的频率低于净荷部分的频率，第一同步数据部分在传输过程中受到的OLT与ONU之间的传输信道带来的影响(包括光纤、以及收发光器件的性能带来的影响)也较小。因此，OLT可以不采用均衡技术，或者，采用预设的均衡参数对接收到的上行突发数据做均衡处理后，即可恢复上行突发数据中的第一同步数据部分。这里，OLT可以预先存储该预设的均衡参数。
这里，当OLT不采用均衡技术恢复上行突发数据中的第一同步数据部分时，由于省去了配置均衡参数对上行突发数据做均衡处理的步骤，缩短了数据的处理时间。当OLT采用预设的均衡参数对接收到的上行突发数据做均衡处理时，省去了通过训练过程获取均衡参数的过程，也可缩短数据的处理时间。因此，步骤1中，OLT能迅速恢复上行突发数据中的第一同步数据部分，耗费的时间较短。
可理解的，由于突发数据之间的幅度、相位差异很大，发送的时间间隔很小，OLT当前的时钟以及判决电平可能适用于上一次的上行突发数据，但并不适用于当前接收到的上行突发数据。因此，即使步骤1中OLT恢复出第一同步数据部分，也并不能准确识别第一同步数据部分中各部分的具体数值。这里，OLT可通过步骤2，在恢复出的第一同步数据部分中准确识别出ONU的标识。
2、OLT根据第一前导部分恢复出第一时钟。
具体的，第一前导部分是OLT可预先获知的。在恢复出上行突发数据中的同步数据块后，OLT可对预先获知的该第一前导部分，以及，恢复出的同步数据块中的第一前导部分， 进行相关运算，从运算结果可以判定接收信号的相位。在预先获知的该第一前导部分和恢复出的同步数据块中的第一前导部分的相位差最小时，OLT可将当前使用的时钟作为第一时钟。即，OLT可根据第一前导部分恢复出第一时钟。
3、OLT采用第一时钟识别第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
具体的，第一前导部分和ONU的标识的频率一致，因此，步骤2中恢复出的第一时钟可用于OLT识别第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
可选的，OLT还可根据第一前导部分建立正确的判决电平，使得ONU的标识的采样时刻位于最佳采样点，从而准确地识别第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
可选的，在一些可能的情况中，ONU的标识和第一前导部分的码型的差别较小，OLT可能会将ONU的标识当作第一前导部分，无法准确识别ONU的标识。
参见图11，第一同步数据部分中还可包括第一定界符，第一定界符可使得OLT快速准确地识别ONU的标识。这里，OLT可采用恢复的第一时钟识别第一同步数据部分中ONU的标识和第一定界符，由于OLT预先获知第一定界符，OLT可首先在第一同步数据部分中识别出第一定界符，再根据第一定界符和ONU的标识之间的位置关系，快速准确识别ONU的标识。若上行突发数据的结构如图11中左图所示，OLT在识别出第一定界符后，可获知第一定界符之后的部分为ONU的标识。若上行突发数据的结构如图11中右图所示，OLT在识别出第一定界符后，可获知第一定界符之前的部分为ONU的标识。这里，OLT可预先获知ONU的标识的长度，从而快速识别ONU的标识。
通过上述步骤S103，OLT可以快速、准确地识别上行突发数据中ONU的标识，通过该标识可获知当前接收到的上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU。
上述可知，实施图4所示的数据传输方法，上行突发模式下，OLT可快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU，从而根据该上行突发数据执行相应的操作，缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。
在实施图4所示的方法之后，OLT可以获知当前的上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU。在OLT获取上行突发数据的净荷部分(即有效数据)后，可完成一次有效的数据传输。
由于在PON系统中，高速率传输数据时，链路色散以及光器件带宽限制所致的码间干扰非常严重，OLT需要对接收到的上行突发数据的净荷部分做一定处理，以抵消上行突发数据的净荷部分受到的影响。
目前，信道均衡技术是降低通信系统中的码间干扰的有效手段，通信系统可通过均衡器产生与传输信道相反的特性，对数据做均衡处理，抵消传输信道对数据造成的影响。在对数据做均衡处理时，通常需要提前通过训练过程获取对应的均衡参数。
例如，在点对点的通信系统中，数据发射端和数据接收端之间的信道基本是固定的，该信道对于传输的数据的影响也是相对固定的。因此，在点对点的通信系统中，可在初始化阶段通过训练过程获知该固定信道对于传输数据的影响，数据接收端基于该影响设定均衡器的均衡参数，在后续的数据传输过程中即可使用该均衡参数对数据做均衡处理，以抵消该固定信道对传输数据的影响。这里，训练过程需要占用上行带宽，并且需要一定时间， 通信系统在训练过程期间无法传输有效数据。
对于图1所示的点对多点的通信系统，由于上行数据的传输为突发模式，在不同的时间段，数据发射端(ONU)会发生变化，数据发射端(ONU)和数据接收端(OLT)之间的信道也会发生变化，数据接收端对数据做均衡处理的均衡参数也需要随着信道进行更新。在信道发生变化时，若每次都通过训练过程来更新均衡参数，会造成上行带宽的浪费，并消耗大量时间，影响通信系统的数据传输效率。
下面，本申请将讨论在PON系统的上行突发模式下，OLT如何对上行突发数据做均衡处理以实现快速收敛，从而降低PON系统的上行开销，保证上行有效带宽，实现上行的高速率数据传输。
参见图12，图12为本申请提供的另一种数据传输方法的流程示意图，该方法可应用于图1所示的PON系统。
如图12所示，该方法可包括如下步骤：
S201、ONU生成上行突发数据，该上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和该ONU的标识；第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄。
S202、OLT接收ONU发送的上行突发数据。
S203、OLT获取第一同步数据部分中的该ONU的标识。
这里，步骤S201-S203的实现和图4所示方法中的步骤S101-S103的实现相同，可参照相关描述。其中，上行突发数据的结构可参照图6-图11以及相关描述。
S204、OLT根据预存的ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系，配置与该ONU的标识相对应的均衡参数，并根据配置的均衡参数对净荷部分进行均衡处理。
具体的，由于净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽比第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比要宽，即净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽较宽，净荷部分在传输过程中受到的OLT与ONU之间的传输信道带来的影响较大，需要对净荷部分做均衡处理以抵消该影响。
这里，在PON系统部署完成后，每个ONU和OLT之间的传输信道基本固定，即该传输信道的特性基本不变，该传输信道对所传输的数据的影响是可以量化并确定的。由于不同的ONU和OLT之间的信道条件(如传输距离、信道色散、光器件的性能等)不同，来自不同ONU的数据受到的信道的影响(如码间干扰等)不同，OLT对来自不同ONU的数据做均衡处理时使用的均衡参数应该和该数据实际受到的信道影响相对应，才能准确地对数据做均衡处理。
本申请中，OLT可通过上行突发数据中的ONU的标识，识别当前接收到的上行突发数据来自哪一个或哪一组ONU，以配置和该ONU的标识对应的均衡参数，根据配置的均衡参数对该上行突发数据中的净荷部分做均衡处理。
具体的，OLT可以预先存储PON系统中各个ONU的标识和均衡参数的对应关系。这里，和某个ONU的标识对应的均衡参数，即为和OLT与该ONU之间的传输信道相对应的均衡参数。参见表1，表1示出了一种可能的OLT存储的各个ONU的标识和均衡参数的对应关系。
ONU的标识 均衡参数
ONU-ID 1 均衡参数1
ONU-ID 2 均衡参数2
ONU-ID 3 均衡参数3
… …
表1
这里，本申请中涉及的均衡参数包括但不限于以下至少一项：均衡器的类型、均衡器的阶数以及均衡器的抽头系数等。
实施图12所示的方法，通过均衡技术对净荷部分做处理，可补偿光器件带宽的不足，因此，使用较低带宽的光器件即可达到甚至优于高带宽光器件的性能，较低带宽的光器件(包括OLT和ONU)也能实现上行的高速率数据传输，可在满足下一代PON系统的高速率数据传输要求的情况下，降低接入网成本。
实施图12所示的方法，在上行的突发模式下，OLT接收到上行突发数据时，通过ONU的标识即可配置对应的均衡参数，无需通过训练过程来获取均衡参数，可实现快速收敛，降低上行开销，保证上行有效带宽，可提高PON系统的上行数据传输效率。
在图12所示方法的步骤S204中，OLT根据配置的均衡参数对净荷部分进行均衡处理后，抵消了传输信道对净荷部分的影响。由于上行突发数据中，OLT根据第一同步数据部分中第一前导部分恢复的第一时钟与净荷部分的时钟不完全一致，可能并不适用于净荷部分，因此，OLT还不能准确识别经过均衡处理后的净荷部分的具体数值。下面描述OLT恢复适用于净荷部分的时钟，并采用恢复的时钟识别净荷部分的具体数值的方式。
如图9所示，当上行突发数据包括第二同步数据部分时，第二同步数据部分可用于OLT识别净荷部分。
具体的，OLT可根据第二同步数据部分恢复出第二时钟。这里，OLT根据第二同步数据部分恢复第二时钟的操作和图4所示方法的步骤S103中OLT根据第一前导部分恢复第一时钟的操作类似，可参照相关描述。
可选的，第二同步数据部分的传输速率可以等于净荷部分的传输速率。因此，OLT可采用第二时钟识别净荷部分。
可选的，OLT还可根据第二同步数据部分建立正确的判决电平，使得OLT的净荷部分的采样时刻位于最佳采样点，从而准确地识别净荷部分。
可选的，参见图10，在第二同步数据部分包括第二前导部分的情况下，OLT可根据第二前导部分恢复第二时钟、建立判决电平。
可选的，参见图10中右图，在第二同步数据部分包括第二前导部分和第二定界符的情况下，第二定界符可用于OLT快速定位净荷部分。具体的，OLT采用第二时钟识别第二同步数据部分中的定界符和净荷部分，由于OLT预先获知第二定界符，OLT可首先在第二同步数据部分中识别出第二定界符，再根据第二定界符和净荷部分之间的位置关系(即净荷部分位于第二定界符之后)，快速定位并识别净荷部分。通过第二定界符，可避免净荷部分和第二前导部分的码型的差别较小，OLT无法准确识别净荷部分的情况。
可选的，若第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为第一同步数据部分的频率分布 所占的带宽的倍数，则OLT在上述图12所示方法的步骤S203中基于第一前导部分恢复第一时钟后，可根据第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽和第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的倍数关系初步确定第二时钟。在步骤S204中，OLT仅需对该初步确定的第二时钟进行修正，即可得到适用于净荷部分的第二时钟。通过这样的方式，可缩短OLT在步骤S204中确定第二时钟以识别净荷部分的时间，提高数据的处理速度。
在图12所示方法中，OLT中存储的和各个ONU的标识对应的均衡参数可通过训练过程获取。OLT和PON系统中的各个ONU之间分别执行该训练过程，以获取该对应的均衡参数。该训练过程可以在图12所示方法之前实施，即在步骤S201之前执行。
下面以某个ONU为例，介绍OLT获取均衡参数的训练过程。参见图13，图13示出了本申请提供的均衡参数的训练过程的流程示意图。如图所示，该训练过程可包括如下步骤：
S301、OLT接收ONU发送的第一消息，该第一消息包括第三前导码和注册请求。
具体的，ONU在向OLT发送数据之前，需注册到OLT。具体的，ONU可向OLT发送第一消息，该第一消息包括注册请求，注册请求用于ONU注册到OLT。这里，注册请求可以为REGISTER_REQ。ONU注册到OLT之后，OLT可感知PON系统中包括该ONU，并可以接收到该ONU发送的数据。
可选的，OLT可周期性地开窗，在开窗期间，允许ONU注册到OLT。这里，开窗期间注册到OLT的ONU可以为PON系统中新部署的ONU。
可选的，ONU确定第三前导码的方式包括但不限于以下两种：(1)ONU预先存储第三前导码的码型、编码频率等参数，根据预先存储的该参数确定第三前导码。(2)OLT为ONU配置第三前导码的码型、编码频率等参数，并将配置的该参数发送给ONU，ONU根据接收到的该参数确定第三前导码。
本申请中，PON系统中的各个ONU可以使用相同或不同的第三前导码向OLT发送第一消息，本申请不做限制。
本申请中，第三前导码用于OLT确定和传输信道对应的均衡系数，该传输信道为该OLT与该ONU之间的传输信道。该确定过程可参照后续步骤S302的相关描述。
这里，图4及图12中的第一前导码的长度小于第三前导码的长度，即图4及图12所示方法实施例中第一前导码的长度较短，可保证OLT在图4及图12所示方法实施例通过第一前导码恢复第一时钟并识别ONU的标识，以此确定均衡系数所消耗的时间，比OLT通过第三前导码确定均衡系数(即训练过程)时所消耗的时间短，从而实现图4及图12所示方法中的快速收敛。
S302、OLT基于接收到的第三前导码确定均衡参数。
具体的，OLT基于接收到的第三前导码确定均衡参数。这里，OLT接收到的第三前导码经过信道(即OLT与该ONU之间的通道)传输，该第三前导码带有信道响应。因此，基于该第三前导码确定的该均衡参数和OLT与该ONU之间的传输通道相对应，能够反映该传输通道的特性，即该均衡参数能够反映该传输通道对于所传输的数据的影响。
这里，OLT确定的均衡参数包括但不限于以下至少一项：均衡器的抽头的类型，均衡 器的阶数及抽头系数等。
本申请中，OLT基于接收到的第三前导码确定均衡系数的方式有多种，本申请不做限制。可选的，OLT基于接收到的第三前导码计算均衡参数中的抽头系数的方法可以包括：最小均方(least mean square，LMS)算法、递归最小二乘(recursive least squares，RLS)算法、最小均方误差(minimum mean square error，MMSE)算法、最小二乘(least squares，LS)算法或者上述四种算法的衍生算法，本申请对此不做限定。
S303、OLT存储该ONU的标识和确定的该均衡参数的对应关系。
可选的，参见表1，OLT可存储该ONU标识和确定的该均衡参数的对应关系。这里，该ONU单元的标识和确定的该均衡参数的对应关系，可用于OLT实施图12所示的数据传输方法，即可供OLT接收到来自ONU的上行突发数据时，对该上行突发数据中的净荷部分做均衡处理。
实施图13所示的均衡参数的训练过程，OLT可获知PON系统中，OLT到各个ONU的传输信道对所传输的数据的影响，并基于该影响确定各个传输信道分别对应的均衡参数。
可选的，OLT和PON系统的各个ONU之间可以间歇性或者周期性地执行图13所示的方法，以更新OLT中存储的均衡参数。
在图4及图12所示方法中，ONU向OLT发送上行突发数据时，上行突发数据中包括该ONU的标识；在图13所示方法中，OLT在确定均衡参数之后，需将确定的该均衡参数和ONU的标识相对应。可知，OLT在和某个ONU通信之前，OLT和该ONU都可获知该ONU的标识。下面详细介绍OLT和ONU获知该ONU的标识的两种方式。
(1)ONU的标识由OLT为各个ONU分配。
具体的，OLT可以为注册到该OLT的各个ONU分配标识。可选的，OLT为各个ONU分配的标识可以为逻辑链路标识(logic link identifier，LLID)，也可以为其他标识，本申请不做限制。
可选的，OLT可在接收到ONU发送的注册请求之后，将分配给该ONU的标识发送给该ONU。即，在图13所示方法中的步骤S301之后，图13所示方法还可包括以下步骤：OLT将分配给ONU的标识发送给ONU。
可选的，OLT还可在其他情况下，将分配给ONU的标识发送给该ONU，例如，OLT检测到有新的ONU接入PON系统时，则为该新接入的ONU分配标识，本申请对此不做限制。
(2)ONU的标识由ONU告知OLT。
具体的，本申请中，若ONU的标识为ONU的一些特有标识，则ONU本申请可获知该标识，并可将该标识告知给OLT。
可选的，ONU的特有标识包括但不限于以下几种：ONU的供应商特定序列号(vendor specific serial number，VSSN)、MAC地址。
可选的，ONU可以在发送给OLT的注册请求中携带该标识。即，在图13所示方法中的步骤S301中，ONU发送给OLT的注册请求携带有该ONU的标识。
可选的，ONU还可在发送给OLT的其他消息中携带该ONU的标识，本申请对此不做 限制。
通过上述两种方式，可保证OLT和ONU都获知该ONU的标识，从而实施图4、图12以及图13所示的方法。
上述详细描述了本申请的数据传输方法，为了更好地实施本申请的方法，相应地，下面提供了本申请的装置。
参见图14，图14示出了本申请提供的一种PON系统、OLT及ONU。该PON系统包括：OLT 400和ONU 500。其中，PON系统可以是图1描述的PON 100，OLT 400可以为图1所示系统中的OLT 101，ONU 500可以为图1所示系统中的ONU 102。下面分别描述。
如图14所示，OLT 400可包括：接收单元401和获取单元402。其中：
接收单元401，用于接收ONU发送的上行突发数据，上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和ONU的标识；第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；
获取单元402，用于获取第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
这里，上行突发数据的结构可参照图4所示方法实施例的相关描述。
这里，接收单元401可用于执行图4实施例的步骤S102，获取单元402的可用于执行图4实施例的步骤S103，可参照相关描述，在此不赘述。
可选的，获取单元402可包括恢复单元4021和识别单元4022。其中，恢复单元4021用于根据第一前导部分恢复出第一时钟，识别单元4022用于采用第一时钟识别第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
可选的，OLT 400还可包括配置单元403和均衡单元404。其中，配置单元403用于根据预存的ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系，配置与ONU的标识相对应的均衡参数，均衡单元404用于根据配置的所述均衡参数对所述净荷部分进行均衡处理。
这里，配置单元403、均衡单元404可用于执行图12实施例的步骤S204，可参照相关描述，在此不赘述。
如图14所示，ONU 500可包括：生成单元501和发送单元502。其中：
生成单元501，用于生成上行突发数据，上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和ONU的标识；第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；
发送单元502，用于将上行突发数据发送给OLT。
这里，上行突发数据的结构可参照图4所示方法实施例的相关描述。
这里，生成单元502可用于执行图4实施例的步骤S101，发送单元502可用于执行图4实施例的步骤S102，可参照相关描述，在此不赘述。
可以理解的，关于OLT 400包括的各个功能单元的具体实现可参考前述各个实施例，这里不再赘述。关于ONU 500包括的各个功能单元的具体实现可参考前述各个实施例，这里不再赘述。
综上，实施本申请提供的技术方案，上行突发模式下，OLT可快速识别上行突发数据来自哪个ONU或哪一组ONU，从而根据该上行突发数据执行相应的操作，缩短数据传输所消耗的时间，提高PON系统的数据传输效率。
可理解的，本申请除了适用于PON领域，还适用于其他点对点通信系统。对于其他点多点通信系统中，若上行的数据传输模式为突发模式，都可使用本申请的数据传输方法。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线)或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk)等。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种数据传输方法，其特征在于，包括：
    OLT接收ONU发送的上行突发数据，所述上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，所述同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，所述第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和所述ONU的标识；所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；
    所述OLT获取所述第一同步数据部分中的所述ONU的标识。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述同步数据块还包括第二同步数据部分，所述第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽宽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分的传输速率等于所述净荷部分的传输速率。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一同步数据部分还包括第一定界符。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分还包括第二定界符。
  6. 根据权利要求2、3或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的整数倍。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述OLT获取所述第一同步数据部分中的所述ONU的标识，包括：
    所述OLT根据所述第一前导部分恢复出第一时钟；
    所述OLT采用所述第一时钟识别所述第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述OLT根据预存的ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系，配置与所述ONU的标识相对应的均衡参数，并根据配置的所述均衡参数对所述净荷部分进行均衡处理。
  9. 一种数据传输方法，其特征在于，包括：
    ONU生成上行突发数据，所述上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，所述同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，所述第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和所述ONU的标识；所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽 窄；
    所述ONU将所述上行突发数据发送给OLT。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述同步数据块还包括第二同步数据部分，所述第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽宽。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分的传输速率等于所述净荷部分的传输速率。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一同步数据部分还包括第一定界符。
  13. 根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分还包括第二定界符。
  14. 根据权利要求10、11或13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽为所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽的整数倍。
  15. 一种OLT，其特征在于，包括：接收单元和获取单元，其中，
    所述接收单元，用于接收ONU发送的上行突发数据，所述上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，所述同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，所述第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和所述ONU的标识；所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；
    所述获取单元，用于获取所述第一同步数据部分中的所述ONU的标识。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的OLT，其特征在于，所述同步数据块还包括第二同步数据部分，所述第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽宽。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的OLT，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分的传输速率等于所述净荷部分的传输速率。
  18. 根据权利要求15至17任一项所述的OLT，其特征在于，所述获取单元包括：恢复单元和识别单元，其中，
    所述恢复单元，用于根据所述第一前导部分恢复出第一时钟；
    所述识别单元，用于采用所述第一时钟识别所述第一同步数据部分中的ONU的标识。
  19. 根据权利要求15至18任一项所述的OLT，其特征在于，所述OLT还包括：配置单元和均衡单元，其中，
    所述配置单元，用于根据预存的ONU的标识与均衡参数的对应关系，配置与所述ONU的标识相对应的均衡参数；
    所述均衡单元，用于根据配置的所述均衡参数对所述净荷部分进行均衡处理。
  20. 一种ONU，其特征在于，包括：生成单元和发送单元，其中，
    所述生成单元，用于生成上行突发数据，所述上行突发数据包括同步数据块和净荷部分，所述同步数据块包括第一同步数据部分，所述第一同步数据部分包括第一前导部分和所述ONU的标识；所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述净荷部分的频率分布所占的带宽窄；
    所述发送单元，用于将所述上行突发数据发送给OLT。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的ONU，其特征在于，所述同步数据块还包括第二同步数据部分，所述第二同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽比所述第一同步数据部分的频率分布所占的带宽宽。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的ONU，其特征在于，所述第二同步数据部分的传输速率等于所述净荷部分的传输速率。
  23. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述可读存储介质上存储有指令，当所述指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如权利要求1-11任一项所述的数据传输方法。
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