WO2020054529A1 - 積層フィルム - Google Patents
積層フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020054529A1 WO2020054529A1 PCT/JP2019/034733 JP2019034733W WO2020054529A1 WO 2020054529 A1 WO2020054529 A1 WO 2020054529A1 JP 2019034733 W JP2019034733 W JP 2019034733W WO 2020054529 A1 WO2020054529 A1 WO 2020054529A1
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- laminated film
- film
- wavelength
- transmission spectrum
- light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/201—Filters in the form of arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/26—Reflecting filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/28—Interference filters
- G02B5/285—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films
- G02B5/287—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films comprising at least one layer of organic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
- B32B2250/244—All polymers belonging to those covered by group B32B27/36
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
- B32B2307/516—Oriented mono-axially
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated film having optical properties of a spectrum shift property.
- Light-cut films that block light in a specific wavelength band are used in a wide variety of fields to prevent deterioration of the internal environment and components of applied products due to environmental factors such as light and heat.
- Typical examples are heat-ray cut films to suppress indoor temperature rise in building materials and automotive applications, UV cut films to absorb excess UV rays during UV laser surface processing in industrial materials applications, and display light sources in the electronic information field. Blue light cut films are used to block blue light harmful to emitted eyes.
- a light-cutting film is used for the purpose of suppressing light deterioration of contents.
- ⁇ As a method of blocking light rays in a specific wavelength band, there is a method using light absorption (such as addition of a light absorber), light reflection, or both. Generally, a method of adding a light absorber to a resin constituting a film (Patent Document 1) is used.
- Patent Document 2 a method using light reflection (Patent Document 2) can be achieved by a laminated structure in which a plurality of resin layers having different refractive indexes are laminated, and the refractive index of the resin layer, the layer thickness of each layer, the number of layers, and the layer thickness.
- a method using light reflection can be achieved by a laminated structure in which a plurality of resin layers having different refractive indexes are laminated, and the refractive index of the resin layer, the layer thickness of each layer, the number of layers, and the layer thickness.
- a combined prescription is used in which a light absorber specialized for light absorption of a wavelength within the reflection wavelength band is added to a film having a laminated structure (Patent Document 3, 4, 5).
- a light absorber specialized for light absorption of a wavelength within the reflection wavelength band is added to a film having a laminated structure (Patent Document 3, 4, 5).
- the end of the absorption wavelength band is steep due to the effect of light reflection, while the cut wavelength band has sufficient light-cutting properties due to the effect of the light absorber.
- the effect of increasing the optical path length due to multiple interference reflection derived from the laminated structure makes it possible to greatly reduce the concentration of the light absorber added.
- the presence of a plurality of interfaces in the laminated film can suppress bleed-out of the added light absorber.
- Patent Document 2 is good at sharp wavelength cut at a specific wavelength, but cut-off occurs in a reflection wavelength band, and it is difficult to completely cut the wavelength over the entire band. Furthermore, when the visible light region is included in the reflection band, there is a problem that the light reflected on the front surface is strongly recognized and causes coloring.
- the reflection band is affected by a slight change in the thickness of the laminated film. Due to the shift, if the reflection band shifts to the visible light region, the irradiated light beam is specularly reflected on the front surface of the laminated film, and the laminated film appears to be strongly colored by the reflected light.
- a light absorber capable of absorbing light in a region affected by the reflection band shift.
- An object of the present invention is a laminated film that utilizes the effect of light reflection by a laminated structure, and has both a steep cut property of a light ray in a specific wavelength region and suppression of coloring by a reflected light ray, a highly transparent light ray.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated film having excellent cut properties.
- the present invention has the following configuration. That is, A laminated film in which 51 or more layers of an A layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin A and a B layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin B different from the thermoplastic resin A are alternately laminated, and the vibration is generated in the film orientation direction. Is irradiated over a wavelength range of 300 nm or more and 900 nm or less, and the transmission spectrum obtained when the horizontal axis is plotted as wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis is plotted as transmittance (%) is the transmission spectrum X.
- the laminated film of the present invention is strongly oriented in an arbitrary direction, and by utilizing the spectrum shift property developed by the strong orientation, even when targeting a specific wavelength region, a steep cut property, and low reflection. It is possible to provide a laminated film having a color (high transparency). In addition, since a laminated film having a uniform orientation over the plane of the laminated film can be obtained, even when irradiated with linearly polarized light, the occurrence of iridescent unevenness derived from a biaxially stretched film using a crystalline resin can be reduced, and high transparency can be achieved. And good visibility is obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a region Amax surrounded by a transmission spectrum X and a transmission spectrum Y. It is a schematic diagram showing another form of area Amax surrounded by transmission spectrum X and transmission spectrum Y.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for calculating a region Amax surrounded by a transmission spectrum X and a transmission spectrum Y.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing regions Amax 350 to 500 surrounded by a transmission spectrum X and a transmission spectrum Y in a region having a wavelength of 350 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating another form of regions Amax 350 to 500 surrounded by a transmission spectrum X and a transmission spectrum Y in a region having a wavelength of 350 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cutoff wavelength ⁇ in a transmission spectrum. It is a schematic diagram showing another form of the cutoff wavelength ⁇ in the transmission spectrum.
- the present inventors have solved the above problem, by strongly orienting the laminated film in an arbitrary direction, it appears that a spectral shift property that can make the reflection band different in the orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction appears. I found it.
- the light-cutting property obtained by irradiating polarized light oscillating in the alignment direction and the direction perpendicular to the alignment direction becomes steeper than that in the case of irradiating natural light.
- the hue corresponding to the spectrum obtained by irradiating polarized light oscillating in the orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction is equivalent to a spectrum obtained by averaging each spectrum. It will be visually recognized as a reflection color tone. Therefore, even when the target wavelength band is designed to straddle the visible light region and the invisible light region, it is possible to reduce the reflection hue while having a sharp light cut derived from the light reflection design, and to achieve coloring. It is possible to obtain a good suppressed light beam cut film.
- the orientation direction of the resin can be uniformed over the film stretching direction, and when irradiated with polarized light, the direction of irradiation of polarized light and the orientation of the laminated film By aligning the directions, it is also possible to reduce iridescent unevenness which is an essential problem of the crystalline biaxially stretched film.
- the laminated film of the present invention is a laminated film in which 51 layers or more are alternately laminated with an A layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin A and a B layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin B different from the thermoplastic resin A. It is obtained by irradiating linearly polarized light (X wave) oscillating in the film orientation direction over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 900 nm and plotting the horizontal axis as wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis as transmittance (%).
- X wave linearly polarized light
- the transmission spectrum is irradiated with a transmission spectrum X, and linearly polarized light (Y wave) oscillating in a direction perpendicular to the film orientation direction over a wavelength range of 300 nm or more and 900 nm or less, with the horizontal axis representing wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis representing transmittance ( %),
- the transmission spectrum obtained when plotted as transmission spectrum Y is defined as transmission spectrum Y.
- Area Amax also large areas (nm ⁇ %) is a 0.99 ⁇ Amax ⁇ 1500.
- thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B used in the laminated film of the present invention include polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (1-butene), poly (4-methylpentene), polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, and polyvinyl.
- Polyamide resin ethylene / propylene copolymer, ethylene / vinylcyclohexane copolymer, ethylene / vinylcyclohexene copolymer, ethylene / alkyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene / acryl methacrylate copolymer , Ethylene / norbornene copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, propylene / butadiene copolymer, isobutylene / isoprene copolymer, vinyl chloride copolymer resin represented by vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer, etc., polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate Resins such as polyethylene, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyacryl
- thermoplastic resins may be used alone or as a polymer blend or polymer alloy of two or more kinds. By performing blending or alloying, properties that cannot be obtained from one type of thermoplastic resin can be obtained.
- a polyester-based resin and as the polyester-based resin, a monomer mainly containing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a diol.
- examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 4,4′-diphenyl
- examples thereof include dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, and 4,4'-diphenyl sulfone dicarboxylic acid.
- examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid include adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dimer acid, dodecandionic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and ester derivatives thereof.
- terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid are preferred.
- One of these acid components may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- an oxyacid such as hydroxybenzoic acid may be partially copolymerized.
- diol component examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. , 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, 2,2-bis (4- (Hydroxyethoxyphenyl) propane, isosorbate, spiroglycol and the like. Among them, ethylene glycol is preferably used. These diol components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyester-based resins in particular, polyethylene terephthalate and its copolymer, polyethylene naphthalate and its copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate and its copolymer, polybutylene naphthalate and its copolymer, and furthermore, polyhexamethylene It is preferable to use a polyester resin selected from terephthalate and its copolymer, and polyhexamethylene naphthalate and its copolymer.
- thermoplastic resin B in the laminated film of the present invention needs to be different from the thermoplastic resin A.
- the difference from the thermoplastic resin A specifically means that the refractive index of the thermoplastic resin A is one of two orthogonal directions arbitrarily selected in the plane of the film and a direction perpendicular to the plane. And 0.01 or more.
- the reflected light wavelength ( ⁇ ) is determined by the thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B.
- the reflectance (R) is generally determined according to the equation (2) based on the refractive index difference between the two.
- N A and n B denote the refractive indices of the thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B, respectively, and d A and d B denote the layer thicknesses of the respective layers.
- ⁇ A and ⁇ B are viewed from the direction perpendicular to the plane of the laminated film.
- thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B When a thermoplastic resin having the same refractive index is used, especially for light incident in a direction perpendicular to the plane, the molecule of the formula (2) becomes 0, and therefore, the thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B No interference reflection occurs at the interface.
- the difference between the absolute values of the solubility parameters (SP values) of the thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B is preferably 1.0 or less. Due to the good compatibility of both thermoplastic resins, delamination at the resin interface during lamination is less likely to occur. More preferably, the combination is such that both thermoplastic resins have the same basic skeleton.
- the basic skeleton described here refers to a repeating unit of a chemical structure mainly constituting a resin. For example, when polyethylene terephthalate is used as the thermoplastic resin A, high precision of the resin of each layer constituting the laminated film is used.
- the thermoplastic resin B contains ethylene terephthalate having the same skeleton as polyethylene terephthalate.
- the lamination accuracy is high, and delamination at the lamination interface does not occur.
- the polymer is a copolymer resin.
- the thermoplastic resin A is polyethylene terephthalate
- the thermoplastic resin B includes an ethylene terephthalate unit and a repeating unit formed by including a dicarboxylic acid component or a diol component capable of forming an ester bond as an auxiliary component. This is an embodiment in which the constituted resin is used.
- the dicarboxylic acid component or the diol component to be contained as an accessory component is preferably added in an amount of 5 mol% or more based on the dicarboxylic acid component or the diol component of the thermoplastic resin to be added, in order to exhibit different properties. Since the difference in the interlayer adhesion and the thermal fluidity of the laminated film is small, the content of each layer is preferably 45 mol% or less from the viewpoint of excellent thickness accuracy and thickness uniformity. More preferably, it is 10 mol% or more and 40 mol% or less.
- thermoplastic resin having a polyethylene terephthalate skeleton preferred components as the copolymerization component include cyclohexane dimethanol, bisphenol A ethylene oxide, spiro glycol, isophthalic acid, isosorbide, cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diphenic acid, and decalin. Acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, polyethylene glycol 2000, m-polyethylene glycol 1000, m-polyethylene glycol 2000, m-polyethylene glycol 4000, m-polypropylene glycol 2000, bisphenylethylene glycol fluorene (BPEF), fumaric acid, acetoxybenzoic acid, etc.
- BPEF bisphenylethylene glycol fluorene
- spiroglycol or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.
- Spiroglycol has a small glass transition temperature difference from polyethylene terephthalate when copolymerized, and therefore is unlikely to be overstretched during molding and is unlikely to cause delamination.
- 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is a compound in which two benzene rings are bonded, and is preferable in that it is more linear and has higher planarity than terephthalic acid and has a high refractive index, so that the light reflectance is increased.
- the term “alternately laminated” means that the thermoplastic resin A constituting the layer A and the thermoplastic resin B constituting the layer B are laminated in a regular arrangement in the thickness direction, and A ( BA) n (n is a natural number) or B (AB) n (n is a natural number) indicates a state in which the resins are laminated according to a regular arrangement.
- a (BA) n (n is a natural number) and B (AB) n (n is a natural number) indicates a state in which the resins are laminated according to a regular arrangement.
- a multi-manifold type feed block or a static mixer which is a known laminating apparatus, can be used.
- a method using a feed block having fine slits is preferable in achieving high-precision lamination.
- the length of the slit refers to the length of a comb portion forming a flow path for alternately flowing the layer A and the layer B in the slit plate.
- thermoplastic resin A disposed also in the outermost layer is a thermoplastic resin exhibiting crystallinity.
- thermoplastic resin A is an amorphous resin
- a laminated film is obtained by using a general biaxial stretching method described later, film formation failure due to adhesion to manufacturing equipment such as rolls and clips, and surface property In some cases, problems such as deterioration of the image may occur.
- the refractive index difference in the orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction, and the refractive index difference ⁇ n in the direction perpendicular to the plane show large values, so that it is sufficient for the laminated film. High intensity and high reflectance.
- the laminated film of the present invention is formed by alternately laminating 51 layers or more of the A layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin A and the B layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin B different from the thermoplastic resin A. is necessary.
- thermoplastic resins A and B having different refractive indexes By alternately laminating thermoplastic resins A and B having different refractive indexes, light interference can reflect light of a specific wavelength determined according to the relationship between the refractive index difference of each layer and the layer thickness. Reflection can be expressed.
- 51 or more layers it is possible to obtain a relatively high reflectance over a target range in the reflection wavelength band, but as the number of layers further increases and the number of thickness distributions corresponding to the reflection wavelength increases, a wider range is obtained.
- the number of layers of the laminated film is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 300 or more, and further preferably 700 or more. Further, although there is no upper limit to the number of layers, as the number of layers increases, the manufacturing cost increases due to the increase in the size of the manufacturing apparatus, and the handleability deteriorates due to the increase in the film thickness. Below the layer is the practical range.
- a light absorber can be added to any of the thermoplastic resins constituting the laminated film.
- the light absorber is often a low molecular component having a molecular weight of less than 1,000, and the light absorber may precipitate and volatilize (bleed out) on the surface in a film forming process or a long-term durability test after film formation. Physical volatilization is suppressed by a laminated structure by being added to a layer located in a more inner layer (for example, in the case of having a configuration of A (BA) n (n is a natural number) and thermoplastic resin B). However, when the number of layers is low, bleed-out may not be completely prevented.
- the light absorbing agent is trapped inside the layer due to the presence of the interface of each layer, and the deposition on the film surface can be suppressed, resulting in an optical film suitable for long-term use.
- the laminated film of the present invention irradiates linearly polarized light (X wave) oscillating in the film orientation direction and linearly polarized light (Y wave) oscillating in a direction perpendicular to the film orientation direction to the laminated film separately, It is characterized in that the obtained transmission spectra are different (FIG. 1).
- the orientation direction of the laminated film is mainly affected by the magnitude of the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction and / or the width direction in the biaxial stretching direction described later, it depends on the temperature distribution and the shrinkage behavior in the stretching, heat treatment, and cooling steps. Due to the complicated behavior, the stretching direction (longitudinal direction, width direction) and the orientation direction of the laminated film do not always match.
- the direction (slow axis direction) in which the refractive index measured by irradiating light (wavelength 590 nm) becomes highest is determined as the alignment direction using the optically parallel Nicols rotation method.
- an orientation direction may be determined by appropriately selecting a wavelength that does not reflect light among wavelengths of 480 nm, 550 nm, 630 nm, and 750 nm. Good.
- the film width direction is set as an angle reference
- the direction that matches the numerical value of the obtained orientation angle is set as the film orientation direction.
- the clockwise direction is defined as the + direction
- the orientation direction is expressed by a numerical value of ⁇ 90 ° or more and less than 90 °.
- the value of the orientation angle becomes larger.
- the direction indicated by the numerical value of the obtained orientation angle is the film orientation (X axis) direction
- the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction in the film plane is the Y axis direction.
- linearly polarized light obtained by extracting light vibrating only in the X-axis direction is defined as an X wave
- linearly polarized light obtained by extracting light vibrating only in the Y-axis direction is defined as a Y wave.
- Linear polarized light refers to light that oscillates in a specific plane direction including the direction of vibration of an electric field, extracted from natural light, which is an electromagnetic wave uniformly distributed in vibration in an arbitrary direction.
- the spectrophotometer uses linearly polarized light extracted from natural light emitted from a light source through a linear polarizer.
- Typical linear polarizers include a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -iodine alignment film, Polaroid (registered trademark), a polarizing Nicol prism, and the like.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Polaroid registered trademark
- a polarizing Nicol prism and the like.
- a spectrophotometer manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation is used.
- the linearly polarized light obtained through a Karl @ Lambrecht Glan Taylor polarizing prism (MGTYB20) attached to the U-4100 is used.
- the laminated film of the present invention is obtained by irradiating linearly polarized X-waves oscillating in the film orientation direction over a wavelength range of 300 nm to 900 nm, and plotting the horizontal axis as wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis as transmittance (%).
- the obtained transmission spectrum is irradiated with a transmission spectrum X and a linearly polarized Y wave oscillating in a direction perpendicular to the film orientation direction over a wavelength range of 300 nm or more and 900 nm or less, with the horizontal axis representing wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis representing transmittance ( %),
- the transmission spectrum obtained when plotted as the transmission spectrum Y is the transmission spectrum Y
- the area Amax (nm ⁇ %) of the largest area is 150 ⁇ Amax ⁇ It needs to be 1500.
- the refractive index tends to increase because the crystalline segments of the resin are aligned in the orientation direction, and the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction in the plane and the thickness direction are refracted by recoil. The rate decreases.
- the in-plane refractive index changes according to the direction of the irradiated polarized light
- the difference between the in-plane refractive index in the polarization direction corresponding to the polarized light irradiation surface and the refractive index in the thickness direction depends on the direction of the irradiated polarized light. Therefore, the wavelength of the interference reflection represented by the equation (1) slightly differs.
- This refractive index difference causes a phenomenon (spectral shift property) in which the wavelength of the interference reflected light shifts between the orientation direction and the direction perpendicular thereto.
- spectrum shift property when irradiating polarized light oscillating in a specific direction, a transmission spectrum X obtained by irradiating a polarized X-wave oscillating in the orientation direction, and in a direction perpendicular to the orientation direction
- the transmission spectrum can be arbitrarily selected by changing the bonding direction of the laminated film within the range of the transmission spectrum Y obtained by irradiating the vibrating polarized Y wave.
- the spectral shift property which is the greatest feature of the present invention, is the transmission spectrum X obtained by irradiating the polarized X-wave oscillating in the film orientation direction, which has the largest amount of spectrum shift, and vibrating in the direction perpendicular to the film orientation direction.
- a transmission spectrum Y obtained by irradiating a polarized Y wave.
- the transmission spectrum here refers to a transmission spectrum obtained by 10-point averaging processing on transmittance data obtained by measuring at a 1 nm pitch using a spectrophotometer, as described in a measurement method described later. As will be described in detail later, transmittance data of 295 nm to 905 nm is measured in a measurement by a spectrophotometer, and data of 300 points to 900 nm is obtained by averaging 10 consecutive data points.
- the region surrounded by two transmission spectra means that the transmission spectrum X and the transmission spectrum Y are plotted on coordinates where the horizontal axis is wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis is transmittance (%).
- the area Amax (nm ⁇ %) of the largest region among the regions surrounded by the two transmission spectra is expressed (FIGS. 2 and 3).
- FIG. 2 when there is a region surrounded by the measurement wavelength range, the region surrounded by both transmission spectra is defined as Amax.
- Amax when there is a region surrounded by the measurement wavelength range, a portion included in the measurement wavelength range in the surrounded region is defined as Amax.
- the area Amax of the largest region is roughly estimated by the trapezoidal method.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the calculation method. Separate region surrounded by intersection every 1 nm, the short wavelength side (the wavelength n [nm]) T'n X-wave transmission, a Y wave transmittance T n of the long wavelength side (wavelength n + 1 [nm] the T'n + 1, Y X-wave transmittance to) the transmittance for T n + 1, to calculate the area of a region surrounded follow the formula (3).
- Amax of the largest region among the regions surrounded by both transmission spectra is larger than 1500, it largely depends on the orientation of the constituent resin. Since it is necessary to significantly increase the difference in orientation, a laminated film is generally obtained by uniaxial stretching.However, a sufficient product width having uniform performance cannot be obtained. This causes undesirable problems in the film forming process and the product itself, such as uneven thickness due to unevenness and unevenness of the reflection band in the plane due to the uneven thickness.
- Amax preferably satisfies 300 ⁇ Amax ⁇ 1000 in order to improve the film-forming property and obtain an appropriate spectrum shift property.
- the Amax exists in a wavelength band of 350 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the Amax (Amax 350 to 500 ) in a wavelength band of 350 nm or more and 500 nm or less preferably satisfies 150 ⁇ Amax 350 to 500 ⁇ 1500.
- the spectral shift property which is a feature of the laminated film of the present invention, can be applied to the boundary between the red visible light region and the near infrared region.
- the transmission spectrum Y located on the short wavelength side of the shifted transmission spectrum becomes a form that cuts the vicinity of the boundary between red visible light and near infrared rays, and Both hue reduction and near-infrared region cut properties can be achieved.
- polarized X-waves oscillating in the film orientation direction are irradiated.
- natural light that has passed through the polarizing plate of the display or the polarizing film of the eyeglass lens is converted into a polarized X-wave having a transmission spectrum X by passing through the laminated film. Therefore, components that are usually affected by HEV, such as a display element and a macula in the eye, can be protected.
- the present laminated film does not exhibit a spectral shift property with respect to external light which is natural light, the reflection performance is determined based on a transmission spectrum Z obtained by averaging the transmission spectrum X and the transmission spectrum Y. Therefore, it shows colorless and transparent than the reflection hue assumed from the transmission spectrum X. Because of these features, the present laminated film is preferably used for display applications and polarized eyeglass lenses.
- Amax 350 to 500 is more preferably 300 ⁇ Amax 350 to 500 ⁇ 1000.
- the optical density at a wavelength of 390 nm of the transmission spectrum Z obtained by averaging the transmission spectrum X and the transmission spectrum Y is preferably 1.0 or more.
- the optical density described here is calculated using a numerical value at a wavelength of 390 nm in transmission spectrum measurement according to the equation (4). Since the transmission spectrum Z is a transmission spectrum obtained by averaging the transmission spectra X and Y obtained by mutually orthogonally polarized light, the transmission spectrum Z exhibits properties comparable to those obtained by irradiating natural light.
- the optical density at a wavelength of 390 nm is 1.0 or more
- the component affected by HEV is particularly present in a high-energy visible light (HEV) wavelength band in the vicinity of a wavelength of 350 nm or more and 400 nm or less or in a laminated film targeting blue light. Is particularly preferable because it can be protected remarkably.
- the optical density at a wavelength of 390 nm is preferably higher as the numerical value is higher, indicating that the cut property at the wavelength is higher, and more preferably 2.0 or more.
- the optical density exceeds 5.0, an unnecessary high concentration of a light absorber is added in the case of light absorption, and an excessive number of layers is required in the case of light reflection. In the latter case, the production cost may be increased or the handling property may be degraded. Therefore, the optical density is preferably 5.0 or less.
- the difference between the maximum value ⁇ max and the minimum value ⁇ min of the cutoff wavelength ⁇ in the wavelength band of 350 nm or more and 500 nm or less in the transmission spectrum X, and the variation width ( ⁇ max ⁇ min). ) Is preferably 20 nm or less.
- the cutoff wavelength in the present invention refers to a wavelength band located on the longest wavelength side among wavelength bands in which the transmittance continuously increases by 20% or more in the transmission spectrum X, as shown in FIGS. , A half value (an intermediate value between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance of the wavelength band).
- the transmission spectrum is evaluated using a spectrum obtained by performing a 10-point averaging process.
- a wavelength indicating an intermediate value between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance is set as the cutoff wavelength.
- the transmission spectrum is shifted to the longest wavelength side within the wavelength range from 350 nm to 500 nm.
- a wavelength indicating an intermediate value between the maximum value and the minimum value in the located wavelength band is defined as a cutoff wavelength.
- ⁇ A method for obtaining a laminated film having the above-mentioned spectral shift property will be described later in detail, and for example, a method of strongly stretching and orienting in one specific direction may be mentioned.
- a film that is particularly strongly stretched in the longitudinal direction or the width direction of the film can be mentioned.
- the film width may become uneven in the pulse width based on the Poisson's ratio according to the distance between the rolls in the stretching section between the rolls.
- the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction is increased to increase the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction so as to narrow the film width, so that stretching unevenness occurs in the stretching process in the longitudinal direction, so that uneven thickness occurs after stretching in the width direction.
- the laminated structure is constant, the thickness of the laminated film and the reflection band change in conjunction with each other, so that the spectrum fluctuation becomes large due to the unevenness of the thickness, which is not preferable for the present laminated film for the purpose of sharp cutting in a specific wavelength band.
- the difference between the maximum value ⁇ max and the minimum value ⁇ min of the cutoff wavelength (hereinafter, variation width ( ⁇ max ⁇ min)) ) Of 20 nm or less makes it possible to suppress spectrum fluctuations, and to stably obtain sharp cut properties and low reflection colors.
- variation width ( ⁇ max ⁇ min) exceeds 20 nm, the reflection hue / intensity in the plane of the laminated film may change significantly due to the fluctuation of the reflection wavelength band.
- the variation width ( ⁇ max ⁇ min) is more preferably 15 nm or less, and further preferably 10 nm or less.
- the laminated film of the present invention preferably contains a light absorber in order to enhance the cut performance in the reflection wavelength band.
- the layer containing the light absorbing agent may be either the A layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin A or the B layer mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin B, both the A layer and the B layer. It may be.
- a combination of two kinds of thermoplastic resins, and a thermoplastic resin A and a thermoplastic resin developed by a stretching step and a heat treatment step.
- the transmission spectrum changes depending on the refractive index difference and the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the resin B, as well as the layer thickness distribution and the film thickness, it is not easy to completely cut off the light beam over the reflection wavelength band. Therefore, by using the light absorption due to the inclusion of the light absorber and the light reflection based on the alternate lamination in combination, it is possible to more effectively exhibit sufficient light-cutting properties.
- the wavelength absorbed by the light absorber is designed to partially overlap the reflection wavelength band, the optical path length increases due to the multiple interference reflection effect derived from the laminated structure.
- the absorption efficiency is increased as compared with the case where the reflection band does not overlap the band of the light absorbing agent, and it is possible to easily achieve complete ultraviolet cut. Furthermore, since the content of the light absorbing agent can be suppressed as compared with the case where the light is cut off only by light absorption, there is a great advantage also from the viewpoint of suppressing the phenomenon (bleed-out phenomenon) that precipitates on the film surface.
- the light absorber may be contained as an additive in the thermoplastic resin, and may be copolymerized with the thermoplastic resin in order to more reliably suppress bleed-out.
- examples of the light absorber include an ultraviolet absorber and a dye that absorbs HEV. Many of these light absorbers have a low molecular weight and a high molecular weight light.
- the absorbent is not an absorbent, there are cases where problems such as volatilization in the air when melt-discharged as a sheet form and precipitation on the film surface in a heat treatment step or a reliability test occur, leading to deterioration in quality.
- the ultraviolet absorber can be reliably retained in the layer, and when contained in the A layer composed of the thermoplastic resin A located on the outermost layer
- the bleed-out problem when copolymerizing with a thermoplastic resin, for example, when copolymerizing a polyester-based thermoplastic resin and an ultraviolet absorber, a hydroxyl group terminal contained in many of the ultraviolet absorbers is subjected to transesterification or the like. It can be achieved by reacting with a carboxyl group terminal in the polyester resin.
- the light absorbing agent may include only the B layer disposed on the inner layer of the laminated film, or the B layer disposed on the inner layer of the laminated film may be contained more than the A layer disposed on the outermost layer of the laminated film.
- the laminated film of the present invention is a laminated film in which the layer A is alternately laminated so as to be both outermost layers, it is most preferable that the light absorber is contained only in the layer B.
- the volume of the amorphous region which is the region where the additive can stay is small, so that the bleed-out phenomenon described above and the sublimation from the vicinity of the die -Volatilization is likely to occur, the film forming machine is contaminated, and precipitates may adversely affect the processing step.
- the ultraviolet absorbent is contained only in the inner layer B, the bleed-out phenomenon occurs because the outermost layer A mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin A serves as a lid for preventing precipitation of the ultraviolet absorbent. Is less likely to occur, which is preferable.
- the content of the light absorbing agent is preferably 2.5% by weight (wt%) or less, more preferably 1.5% by weight or less, further preferably 1.0% by weight or less based on the total weight of the laminated film. is there. If the content is more than 2.5 wt%, bleed-out is likely to occur due to excessive additives, which may cause whitening of the laminated film, resulting in a decrease in light transmittance and an increase in haze.
- the light absorber may be a light absorber that absorbs light in a desired band, such as an ultraviolet absorber, a visible light absorber, and an infrared absorber, but an ultraviolet absorber is preferably used.
- an ultraviolet absorber organic ultraviolet absorbers having various skeleton structures, such as benzotriazole, benzophenone, benzoate, triazine, benzoxazine, and salicylic acid, can be used.
- the UV absorber exhibiting heat resistance and low concentration and high light absorption be selected from benzotriazole-based and / or triazine-based.
- an inorganic ultraviolet absorber it is not compatible with the thermoplastic resin serving as a base, causing an increase in haze and deteriorating the transparency of the laminated film. Therefore, it is not preferable to use the ultraviolet absorbent in the laminated film of the present invention.
- the UV absorbers may have the same skeleton structure or may have different skeleton structures. Specific examples will be described below, and an asterisk (*) is added after the compound name for an ultraviolet absorber having a maximum wavelength in a wavelength band of 320 nm to 380 nm.
- the benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (*), 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′- Di-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole (*), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole (*), 2- (2'-hydroxy- 3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (*), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole (*), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-ditert-amylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole (*), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-(3 ", 4", 5 ") , 6 " Tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl) -5'-
- the triazine-based ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, but includes 2- (2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl) -4,6-diphenyl-s-triazine, 2- (2-hydroxy-4-propoxy-5- Methylphenyl) -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -s-triazine, 2- (2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl) -4,6-dibiphenyl-s-triazine, 2,4 -Diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) -s-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-ethoxyphenyl) -s-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6 -(2-hydroxy-4-propoxyphenyl) -s-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl)- -Triazine, 2,4-bis (2-hydroxy-4
- the ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention has the same basic molecular structure as that of the above-mentioned ultraviolet absorber, and has an oxygen atom substituted by a sulfur atom of the same group.
- Specific examples include those in which the ether group of the aforementioned ultraviolet absorber is converted to a thioether group, the hydroxyl group is converted to a mercapto group, and the alkoxy group is converted to a thio group.
- thermoplastic resin which is a preferred thermoplastic resin of the present laminated film
- a benzotriazole based sulfur-containing compound hereinafter, referred to as thiobenzotriazole
- thio-triazine a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber
- the ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention is more preferably one having a long alkyl chain of the functional group.
- the alkyl chain is longer, the intermolecular interaction is suppressed and the packing of the ring structure is less likely to occur, so that when the laminated film is heat-treated, it becomes difficult for the ultraviolet absorbers to form a crystal structure, and crystallization and This leads to suppression of whitening of the laminated film after bleed-out.
- the length of the alkyl group contained in the functional group is preferably 18 or less, more preferably 4 or more and 10 or less, and further preferably 6 or more and 8 or less. When the length of the alkyl chain is longer than 18, the reaction at the time of synthesizing the ultraviolet absorbent becomes difficult to proceed due to steric hindrance, which causes a decrease in the yield of the ultraviolet absorbent, which is not practical.
- the light absorbing agent to be added in the present invention has a solubility parameter ⁇ add of the light absorbing agent and a solubility parameter ⁇ polym of the thermoplastic resin to which the light absorbing agent is added so that bleed-out hardly occurs,
- the light absorber is kneaded with the thermoplastic resin by setting the solubility parameter of the thermoplastic resin and the light absorber to the same level as in the case of the SP value between the two types of thermoplastic resins constituting the laminated film described above.
- the absorbent is preferable because it easily disperses, and furthermore, bleed-out due to the formation of another crystal nucleus between the absorbents and the thermoplastic resin does not easily occur.
- the solubility parameter can be estimated by the Hansen or Hoy calculation method, but in the present invention, the solubility parameter is estimated based on the Fedors estimation method that can be calculated relatively easily.
- the Fedors estimation method it is considered that the aggregation energy density and the molar molecular volume of a molecule change depending on the type and number of the substituents, and are estimated according to the formula (5).
- Ecoh (cal / mol) represents the cohesive energy
- V represents the molar molecular volume (cm 3 / mol).
- the difference between the solubility parameter of the thermoplastic resin to which the light absorber is added and the solubility parameter of the light absorber is preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.0 or less.
- the laminated film of the present invention preferably has a transmittance at a wavelength of 390 nm of 20% or less and a transmittance at a wavelength of 430 nm of 70% or more in a transmission spectrum Z at an incident angle of 60 °.
- light rays are not necessarily incident only from a direction perpendicular to the film surface, and there may be a case where sufficient cutability can be obtained even for light rays from an oblique direction.
- the reflection wavelength for interference reflection is determined by the difference in the refractive index of the different thermoplastic resins and the film thickness.
- the optical path length changes due to the light refraction phenomenon at the resin interface.
- the wavelength shifts to the shorter wavelength side as compared with the case where the wavelength is perpendicularly incident. For this reason, even if the light beam can be cut sufficiently at normal incidence, there is a possibility that insufficient cut may occur when the light beam is obliquely incident on the film surface. Therefore, it is preferable to add the above-mentioned ultraviolet absorber so as to cover the shift of the reflection wavelength band as needed.
- the transmittance at a wavelength of 390 nm is preferably 15%, more preferably 10% or less.
- the transmittance at a wavelength of 430 nm is preferably 75% or more.
- the laminated film of the present invention preferably has an in-plane retardation of more than 400 nm and less than 5000 nm.
- the retardation referred to in the present invention is a refractive index difference between an in-plane orientation direction of each thermoplastic resin and a direction perpendicular to the orientation direction, and a numerical value represented by a product of a film thickness.
- the phase difference of the laminated film is determined by an optical measuring method.
- the phase difference can be measured, for example, using a commercially available phase difference measuring device such as the KOBRA series manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments or WPA-micro manufactured by Photonic Lattice, or by using the Senarmont method. In the present invention, it is determined by a measuring method described later using a phase difference measuring device (KOBRA-21ADH) manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments.
- the measurement wavelength of the phase difference is 590 nm unless otherwise specified.
- a change in transmitted light intensity when the polarizing plate is rotated is tracked between two polarizing plates provided so that the polarizing directions are parallel to each other, and the phase difference between the measurement sample and the film is measured. Can be measured in the direction (orientation direction) showing the maximum value of the refractive index.
- the spectral shift property which is a feature of the laminated film of the present invention, can be achieved by strongly orienting in a specific direction.
- a difference in refractive index occurs between the orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction, so that the phase difference shows a larger numerical value than when stretched in the longitudinal direction and the width direction in a well-balanced manner.
- the in-plane retardation is within the above numerical range, generally, when combined with a material that transmits only plane-polarized light, the film may be colored depending on the viewing angle, which may cause rainbow-colored unevenness.
- the in-plane retardation is 400 nm or less, the in-plane refractive index difference may not be sufficient due to the balance stretching or the low crystallinity of the resin, and the spectrum shift property may be weak.
- the in-plane retardation is 5000 nm or more, unless the thickness of the laminated film is large, it indicates that the laminated film is extremely strongly stretched in a specific direction.
- the in-plane retardation is preferably more than 400 nm and less than 5000 nm. However, since the in-plane retardation also depends on the thickness of the laminated film, the in-plane retardation exceeds 400 nm in accordance with the recent tendency of thinning optical films. It is more preferable to show a diameter of less than 3000 nm, most preferably in the range of 500 nm or more and 1500 nm or less.
- the in-plane retardation of the laminated film of the present invention is determined as an average value at the center in the film width direction and at an intermediate point between the center in the film width direction and both ends in the width direction.
- the in-plane retardation of the laminated film of the present invention is such that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value at the center in the film width direction and the intermediate point between the film width center and both ends in the width direction is three points. Is preferably 10% or less of the average value.
- the film width direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the unwinding direction of the film surface in the case of a roll sample.
- the Young's modulus is measured while changing the angle by 5 °, and the direction showing the numerical value with the highest Young's modulus is defined as the width direction.
- the in-plane retardation uniform in the film width direction, even when a multilayer film is mounted on a large area, it suppresses multilayer interference unevenness and iridescent unevenness depending on the position, and furthermore, the transmission spectrum shift property is in-plane. This is preferable because it can be made uniform.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the in-plane retardation of the three points is preferably 5% or less of the average value of the in-plane retardation, because the resulting laminated film has a more uniform in-plane retardation in the width direction.
- a temperature gradient stepwise in the stretching step it is possible to reduce the influence of the shrinkage based on the Poisson's ratio in the longitudinal direction caused by the stretching in the width direction, and the influence of the difference in the heat shrinkage force caused by the temperature difference between the preheating and heat treatment steps before and after the stretching step.
- a uniform refractive index difference in the width direction can be developed.
- the temperature gradient is carried out within the temperature range from the glass transition temperature to the crystallization temperature of the laminated film, and it is preferable that there are two or more temperature gradients before reaching the heat treatment temperature.
- the laminated film of the present invention has an orientation when the film width direction is set to 0 ° at any of a total of three points, that is, the center in the film width direction and the midpoint between the film width direction center and both ends in the width direction.
- the angle is less than or equal to 15 °.
- the orientation angle at this time is defined as an angle formed with the orientation direction of the film when the width direction (transverse stretching direction) of the film is defined as an angle, and is expressed as an absolute value of 0 ° or more and less than 90 °.
- the film is installed on the device such that the film width direction is at an angle of 0 ° defined by the measuring device.
- the numerical value of the orientation angle obtained by measurement is used.
- the present laminated film can be suitably used for a display having a polarizer. For example, when the laminated film is bonded so that the transmission / absorption axis of the polarizer and the orientation axis of the laminated film are parallel to each other.
- the orientation angle unevenness in the film width direction is small.
- the in-plane retardation can be made uniform after the stretching step.
- the shrinkage due to the temperature difference before and after the heat treatment step causes the orientation to be uniform even in the width direction while maintaining the uniform phase difference. A different situation occurs at the end of the direction. Therefore, as a method for reducing the contraction force after the stretching step, a method of lowering the heat treatment temperature to reduce the contraction force to the stretching step side in the longitudinal direction or an intermediate region from the stretching step to the heat treatment step is used.
- the rigidity of the film Is preferably increased.
- the rigidity of the film it is possible to eliminate the influence of shrinkage based on the Poisson's ratio in the longitudinal direction caused by the recoil in the width direction, thereby reducing the bowing phenomenon.
- crystallization by heat fixation does not sufficiently proceed, and the heat shrinkage may increase as a compensation for the phase difference and the uniform orientation angle.
- the laminated film is finely stretched to be in a tensioned state in the heat treatment step. Since the shrinkage in the opposite direction (cooling process direction) due to the temperature difference from the cooling process after the heat treatment process is induced and bowing in the stretching process direction remaining before the heat treatment process can be reduced, The orientation in the width direction can be made more uniform.
- the laminated film of the present invention has a rising temperature of 90 ° C. or more in both the X direction and the Y direction in the heat shrinkage force measurement in the film orientation direction (X direction) and the direction perpendicular to the film orientation direction (Y direction). Further, it is preferable that the contraction force at 90 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less is 250 ⁇ N or less.
- the thermal contraction force described here refers to a numerical value obtained by using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) and is read from the contraction force obtained when the temperature is continuously increased from room temperature.
- TMA thermomechanical analyzer
- the rising temperature of the contraction force curve refers to the temperature when the slope of the contraction force curve shows 200 ⁇ N / 0.1 ° C. for the first time.
- the rising temperature of the shrinkage force is lower than 90 ° C.
- the heat shrinkage step of the laminated film is likely to occur in the heat treatment step at the time of mounting the product and the long-term thermal evaluation after the mounting, and the reflection wavelength band is changed by increasing the thickness of the laminated film.
- the product is strongly curled due to a difference in shrinkage force between the material and the laminated material.
- the rising temperature depends on the type of the thermoplastic resin, but it is preferably 95 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the shrinkage force at 90 ° C or more and 130 ° C or less exceeds 250 ⁇ N
- the product bonded during conveyance may have a difference in shrinkage force. Curling may occur.
- the shrink force of the laminated film at 90 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less is more preferably 150 ⁇ N or less, and further preferably 100 ⁇ N or less.
- the goniophotometer measures the reflected light intensity in the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 40 ° and 50 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 °, and the horizontal axis is the angle (°) and the vertical axis is the reflected light intensity.
- the extremum is two or less.
- a variable-angle photometer continuously changes the angle of the light-receiving part and detects the light intensity when the light emitted from the light source at a specific position is reflected through the sample in an angle-dependent manner. It is.
- the sample When the sample is a smooth surface, specularly reflected light is mainly detected, so the light intensity shows a peak at an angle of 45 °, and the angle of incidence is from 0 ° to 45 ° due to the spread of the radiated light from the light source. Shows a tendency that the detected light intensity increases monotonically and continuously, and decreases monotonically and continuously from 45 ° to 90 °.
- the detected light intensity increases monotonically and continuously, and decreases monotonically and continuously from 45 ° to 90 °.
- reflected light due to diffuse reflection is detected even at an incident angle other than 45 ° at which regular reflection occurs. Therefore, when there is diffuse light reflection, an extreme point appears due to an increase or decrease in intensity in a light intensity spectrum that should change monotonically and continuously.
- the extreme value detected in the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 40 ° and 50 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° is more preferably 1 point or less, and further preferably 0 point.
- the laminated film of the present invention has a multilayer laminated structure and has a feature of cutting light rays in a specific wavelength band.
- a window film for an industrial material application, for a steel plate laminate for a signboard or the like.
- Films, light-cut films for laser surface processing, and photolithographic process / release films for electronic device applications light-cut films to suppress adsorption dye deterioration of dye-sensitized solar cells, smartphones, head-up displays, electronic paper, etc.
- the film can be used as a film for the purpose of suppressing light deterioration of contents.
- the laminated film of the present invention by irradiating polarized light, has the characteristic of being able to cut sharp light rays while having a low reflection color and high transparency, so that it is used for display applications and polarized light where transparency is strongly required. It can be suitably used for sunglasses and window films.
- various display methods such as a liquid crystal image display device, an organic EL display device, a quantum dot display, and a micro LED display are used, and a film showing various functions is arranged inside various displays.
- a liquid crystal image display device a polarizer protective film or a retardation film that constitutes a polarizing plate, a surface treatment film that is attached to the front surface of a display to add functions, a brightness enhancement film located immediately before a backlight, an antireflection film, ITO, etc.
- a transparent conductive substrate film used for the above-mentioned process, and an ultraviolet protection film for a touch sensor member are examples.
- a function is provided by laminating a ⁇ / 4 retardation film or a polarizer protective film constituting a circularly polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side (upper side) of the light emitting layer, or a front surface of the display.
- various optical films incorporated for the purpose of protecting the contents from external light.
- the natural light from the outside which is emitted from the inside or exhibits the spectral shift property to the light transmitted into the inside and is reflected to the front surface
- the application position shows a low reflection color with respect to the liquid crystal display or the organic EL display using the polarizing plate. Most preferred.
- the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate of the display to be used is perpendicular to the orientation direction or the orientation direction of the laminated film.
- it can be suitably used as a screen protection film of a display equipped with an optical fingerprint authentication device.
- the polarization characteristics of the fingerprint authentication light source transmitted from the polarizing plate are maintained even after transmission through the laminated film, so that the strength of the fingerprint authentication light source is not impaired, so that it can be suitably used.
- the phase difference to be an integral multiple of a half wavelength of the fingerprint authentication light source, fingerprint authentication performance can be further improved.
- window film application it can be used not only for heat shielding (infrared cut film) such as inner windows of automobiles and building materials, but also for protection of a polyvinyl butyrate material used for a laminated glass interlayer film from ultraviolet rays.
- a light control film application it can also be used to prevent ultraviolet light deterioration of particles (such as liquid crystal molecules) that are oriented by applying a voltage.
- thermoplastic resin A and thermoplastic resin B in the form of pellets or the like.
- the pellets are dried in hot air or under vacuum, if necessary, and then supplied to a separate extruder.
- the thermoplastic resin heated and melted at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is made uniform in the amount of resin extruded by a gear pump or the like, and foreign matter or denatured resin is removed through a filter or the like.
- These thermoplastic resins are formed into a target shape by a die, and then discharged in a sheet shape. The sheet discharged from the die is extruded onto a cooling body such as a casting drum and solidified by cooling to obtain a cast sheet.
- a wire-shaped, tape-shaped, needle-shaped or knife-shaped electrode to bring it into close contact with a cooling body such as a casting drum by electrostatic force to rapidly cool and solidify.
- a method of blowing air from a slit-like, spot-like, or planar-like device to closely contact a cooling body such as a casting drum and rapidly cool and solidify, or tightly contacting a cooling body with a nip roll and rapidly cooling and solidifying is also preferable.
- thermoplastic resins A and B are sent out from different flow paths using two or more extruders, and sent into a multilayer laminating apparatus before being discharged in a sheet form.
- a multi-manifold die, a feed block, a static mixer, or the like can be used as the multilayer laminating apparatus.
- a feed block having a fine slit in order to efficiently obtain the multilayer laminated structure of the present invention, it is preferable to use a feed block having a fine slit. .
- the size of the apparatus does not become extremely large, so that the amount of foreign matter generated due to thermal degradation is small, and even when the number of layers is extremely large, high-precision lamination is possible.
- the lamination accuracy in the width direction is significantly improved as compared with the prior art.
- this device since the thickness of each layer can be adjusted by the shape (length, width) of the slit, an arbitrary layer thickness can be achieved.
- the molten multilayer laminated sheet formed in a desired layer configuration in this way is guided to a die, and a cast sheet is obtained as described above.
- the resulting cast sheet is preferably subsequently biaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction and the width direction. Stretching may be performed biaxially sequentially or simultaneously. Further, re-stretching may be performed in the longitudinal direction and / or the width direction.
- the stretching in the longitudinal direction refers to uniaxial stretching for giving a molecular orientation to the sheet in the longitudinal direction, and is usually performed by a difference in peripheral speed of a roll, and may be performed in one step. It may be performed in multiple stages using a pair of rolls.
- the stretching ratio varies depending on the type of the thermoplastic resin used, but is usually preferably 2 to 15 times. When polyethylene terephthalate is used as one of the thermoplastic resins constituting the laminated film, the stretching ratio is 2 to 7 times. Double is particularly preferably used.
- the stretching temperature is preferably set in the range of the glass transition temperature to the glass transition temperature + 100 ° C.
- the draw ratio in the longitudinal direction is particularly preferably 2.5 to 3.5 times in order to obtain the spectral shift property of the present invention. used. If the film is strongly oriented in the stretching process in the longitudinal direction, a neck-down in the film width direction occurs, so that a sufficient film width cannot be obtained and the thickness unevenness in the longitudinal direction and / or the width direction after the stretching in the width direction. The transmission spectrum unevenness may increase.
- the thus obtained uniaxially stretched laminated sheet is subjected to surface treatment such as corona treatment, flame treatment, and plasma treatment as necessary, and then is provided with functions such as smoothness, easy adhesion, and antistatic property.
- surface treatment such as corona treatment, flame treatment, and plasma treatment as necessary, and then is provided with functions such as smoothness, easy adhesion, and antistatic property.
- Is applied by in-line coating the easy-adhesion layer may be applied to one side of the laminated film, or may be applied to both sides of the laminated film simultaneously or one by one.
- the stretching in the width direction refers to stretching to give the sheet a width direction orientation.
- the sheet is conveyed while holding both ends of the sheet with clips using a tenter and stretched in the width direction.
- the stretching ratio varies depending on the type of the thermoplastic resin used, but is usually preferably 2 to 15 times.
- polyethylene terephthalate is used as one of the thermoplastic resins constituting the laminated film, it is 2 to 7 times. Is particularly preferably used.
- the stretching temperature is preferably from the glass transition temperature to the glass transition temperature + 120 ° C. of the thermoplastic resin exhibiting a high glass transition temperature among the thermoplastic resins constituting the laminated film.
- the width direction is increased. It is preferable to add a stretch of 3.5 to 5.5 times. By stretching strongly in the width direction, it is possible to obtain a uniform spectral shift, retardation and orientation over a wide range of the film surface.
- the thus biaxially stretched laminated film is subjected to a heat treatment at a stretching temperature or higher and a melting point or lower in a tenter, and after being uniformly cooled, cooled to room temperature and wound up. Further, if necessary, a relaxation treatment or the like may be used in the longitudinal direction and / or the width direction when gradually cooling from the heat treatment in order to impart a low orientation angle and the thermal dimensional stability of the sheet.
- the ratio of the stretching ratio in the width direction to the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction is required.
- Stretching ratio in the width direction / stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction, or stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction / stretching ratio in the width direction, a value larger than 1) is preferably 1.1 or more and 3.5 or less.
- the stretching ratio is 1.1 or less, the difference in the refractive index between the orientation direction and the direction perpendicular thereto is not sufficient, the spectrum shift property is not exhibited, and the high transparency may be impaired.
- the stretching ratio is larger than 3.5, the spectral shift property is too strong, so that high transparency can be achieved, but the film may be easily torn in one direction and the film forming property may be deteriorated.
- the stretching ratio is 1.4 or more and 2.0 or less in order to obtain a laminated film having an appropriate spectrum shift property and having more preferable durability and low reflection color.
- the obtained cast sheet is subjected to surface treatment such as corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment, etc., if necessary, and then is subjected to slipperiness, easy adhesion, antistatic properties, etc.
- the function may be provided by in-line coating.
- the easy-adhesion layer may be applied to one side of the laminated film, or may be applied to both sides of the laminated film simultaneously or one by one.
- the cast sheet is guided to a simultaneous biaxial tenter, and conveyed while holding both ends of the sheet with clips, and simultaneously and / or stepwise stretched in the longitudinal direction and the width direction.
- a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine there are a pantograph system, a screw system, a drive motor system, and a linear motor system, but a draw ratio can be arbitrarily changed and a drive motor system capable of performing a relaxation treatment at an arbitrary place or A linear motor system is preferred.
- the stretching magnification varies depending on the type of the resin, the area magnification is preferably 6 to 50 times, and when polyethylene terephthalate is used as one of the thermoplastic resins constituting the laminated film, the area magnification is 8 to 30 times.
- Double is particularly preferably used.
- the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction and the stretching ratio in the width direction are set to different values.
- the stretching speed may be the same, or the stretching may be performed in the longitudinal direction and the width direction at different speeds.
- the stretching temperature is preferably from the glass transition temperature to the glass transition temperature + 120 ° C. of the thermoplastic resin exhibiting a high temperature among the thermoplastic resins constituting the laminated film.
- the sheet thus simultaneously biaxially stretched is preferably subjected to a heat treatment at a stretching temperature or higher and a melting point or lower in a tenter in order to impart flatness and dimensional stability.
- a heat treatment at a stretching temperature or higher and a melting point or lower in a tenter in order to impart flatness and dimensional stability.
- a relaxation treatment may be performed in the longitudinal direction and / or the width direction when gradually cooling from the heat treatment.
- the material is instantaneously relaxed in the longitudinal direction.
- the laminated film obtained as described above is trimmed to a required width via a winding device and wound up in a roll state so as to prevent winding wrinkles.
- both ends of the sheet may be subjected to embossing treatment for improving the winding shape.
- the thickness of the laminated film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. Taking into account the tendency of various functional films to become thinner and the flexibility as a high-end characteristic, the thickness is preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less. Although there is no lower limit, it is necessary to have a certain thickness in order to provide sufficient light-cutting properties without bleed-out while simultaneously using the addition of a light absorber and the light reflection by the laminated structure. In addition, in order to stabilize the roll winding property and form a film without tearing, the thickness is practically preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the in-line coating layer that can be applied to the outermost surface of the laminated film of the present invention preferably has an antistatic property.
- the antistatic property can be represented by a surface resistance value, and preferably shows a numerical value of not less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ / ⁇ and not more than 1.0 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ / ⁇ in an environment of 23 ° C.
- the value is from 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ / ⁇ to 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ / ⁇ . If the resistance value is less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ / ⁇ , malfunctions due to electrical interaction may be caused in display applications that can be suitably used. When the resistance value is larger than 1.0 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ / ⁇ , the layer is electrically insulated, so that the generation of static electricity may not be suppressed due to poor antistatic property.
- the antistatic agent is not particularly limited, but a phosphate group, a sulfonate group, an alkali sulfonate, a compound having an ionized nitrogen atom, or the like can be used.
- the antistatic agent is preferably contained in a weight ratio of 10% or more and 50% or less based on the total weight of the solid content of the coating film.
- a hard coat layer mainly composed of a curable resin is laminated to add functions such as abrasion resistance and dimensional stability, adhesion and adhesion. May be.
- a hard coat layer mainly composed of a curable resin is laminated to add functions such as abrasion resistance and dimensional stability, adhesion and adhesion. May be.
- the laminated film is transported on a roll-to-roll basis to be mounted on a product, it is possible to prevent scratches on the surface of the laminated film due to friction between the roll and the laminated film.
- the crosslinking density can be improved by providing the hard coat layer on the outermost surface.
- a hard coat layer having a high N can exhibit a precipitation suppressing effect.
- the curable resin layer by laminating the curable resin layer, it is possible to suppress a dimensional change of the film due to heat treatment, and it is possible to suppress an increase in the film thickness due to heat shrinkage and a change in optical characteristics such as a transmission spectrum of the laminated film accompanying the heat shrinkage. .
- the hard coat layer has superior properties in the present laminated film, it is preferable to apply the hard coat layer to at least one surface of the laminated film in order to maintain the properties of the film, particularly the dimensions of the film.
- the hard coat layer can be applied to both sides of the laminated film, but since the hard coat layers adhere to each other, the slip property of the film and, consequently, the roll property of the roll may be deteriorated.
- at least one side of the hard coat layer is preferably subjected to surface unevenness treatment such as particle addition or atmospheric plasma / plasma under vacuum in order to impart slipperiness. .
- the hard coat layer can be directly laminated on the outermost surface of the laminated film, but is more preferably laminated via an in-line coating layer.
- the refractive index difference between the hard coat layer and the thermoplastic resin on the outermost surface of the laminated film is large, it is preferable to adjust the refractive index of the in-line coating layer so that the adhesion between the two can be improved.
- the refractive index of the in-line coating layer a value between the refractive index of the thermoplastic resin A or the thermoplastic resin B constituting the laminated film and the refractive index of the curable resin C constituting the hard coat layer may be indicated.
- the refractive index of the thermoplastic resin A or the thermoplastic resin B is ⁇
- the refractive index of the curable resin C constituting the hard coat layer is ⁇
- the refractive index is 0.98. ⁇ ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) / 2 or more and 1.02 ⁇ ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) / 2 or less).
- the former has a refractive index of about 1.65 after stretching, and the latter has a refractive index of about 1.50. Since the difference in the refractive index becomes large, there is a possibility of causing poor adhesion. Therefore, the refractive index of the in-line coating layer preferably has a value of 1.50 or more and 1.60 or less, and more preferably 1.55 or more and 1.58 or less.
- the curable resin that can be used for the hard coat layer those having high transparency and durability are preferable.
- acrylic resin, urethane resin, fluorine resin, silicone resin, polycarbonate resin, and vinyl chloride resin alone are used. Or they can be used in combination.
- the curable resin is preferably made of an active energy ray-curable resin such as an acrylic resin represented by a polyacrylate resin.
- the curable resin is preferably made of a thermosetting urethane resin.
- the active energy ray in the present invention means various electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet rays, electron beams, and radiations ( ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, etc.) that polymerize an acrylic vinyl group.
- ultraviolet light is the simplest and preferable.
- an ultraviolet fluorescent lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a carbon arc lamp, and the like can be used.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of preventing oxygen inhibition, and it is more preferable to cure under a nitrogen atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.
- the apparatus is expensive and requires an operation under an inert gas, but is advantageous in that it does not need to contain a photopolymerization initiator or a photosensitizer.
- the method for measuring characteristics and the method for evaluating effects in the present invention are as follows.
- the layer structure of the laminated film was determined by observing a sample whose cross section was cut out using a microtome by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). That is, the cross section of the laminated film was observed using a transmission electron microscope type H-7100FA (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 75 kV, a cross-sectional photograph was taken, and the layer configuration and the thickness of each layer were measured. In some cases, a staining technique using RuO 4 , OsO 4, or the like was used to obtain high contrast.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the thickness of the thinnest layer (thin film layer) among all the layers that can be captured in one image
- Observation was performed at a magnification of 40,000 times when the value was less than 10,000 times and 10,000 times when the value was 500 nm or more, and the layer thickness, the number of layers, and the layered structure were specified.
- an orientation angle was measured by appropriately selecting a wavelength that did not reflect among the wavelengths of 480 nm, 550 nm, 630 nm, and 750 nm.
- the direction indicated by the obtained orientation angle was defined as the X direction, and the direction perpendicular thereto was defined as the Y direction.
- the transmission spectrum was measured using a spectrophotometer U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science.
- a Karl Lambrecht Glan Taylor polarizing prism (MGTYB20) and an integrating sphere are attached to the apparatus, and the transmission direction of the Glan Taylor polarizing prism, the orientation direction of the sample (X direction) and the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction (Y direction).
- the average value of two adjacent points is calculated in order (for example, the average transmittance data of 300 nm is calculated from the average of 299.5 nm and 300.5 nm), and the same calculation is repeated to obtain a wavelength of 300 nm to 900 nm. Of 10 point average transmittance data was obtained.
- Fluctuation width ( ⁇ max ⁇ min) A band-shaped sample having a film width of 5 cm and a film length direction of 3 m was cut out at the center of the laminated film in the film width direction. Using a spectrophotometer U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science, a 10-point averaged transmission spectrum in a wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm was obtained for the center position of the film having a width of 5 cm in the same manner as in (2). . This operation was repeated at 10 cm intervals in the longitudinal direction, and a total of 30 transmission spectrum data were obtained. After performing a 10-point averaging process on the transmission spectrum of each point, the cutoff wavelength ⁇ of each spectrum data was read. Of the 30 cutoff wavelengths ⁇ , the maximum wavelength was ⁇ max and the minimum wavelength was ⁇ min, and the variation width ( ⁇ max ⁇ min) was calculated.
- the film was cut into a strip having a length of 15 cm and a width of 1.5 cm to prepare a sample for measuring Young's modulus.
- the measurement was performed at a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 65% RH using a robot Tensilon RTA (manufactured by Orientec). The pulling speed was 300 mm / min. This measurement was performed while changing the angle by 5 ° with respect to the cut sample, and the direction having the highest Young's modulus was defined as the film width direction.
- In-plane phase difference / orientation angle A phase difference measuring device (KOBRA-21ADH) manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments was used. A sample is cut out in a width direction of 4 cm ⁇ longitudinal direction 4 cm from a total of three places: a center part in the width direction of the laminated film, and an intermediate point between the center in the width direction and both ends in the width direction. The apparatus was installed at a defined angle of 0 °, and the in-plane retardation and the orientation angle at a wavelength of 590 nm at an incident angle of 0 ° were measured and read.
- a wavelength that does not reflect light is appropriately selected from 480 nm, 550 nm, 630 nm, and 750 nm for measurement.
- the phase difference at a wavelength of 590 nm was calculated using the Cauchy dispersion equation.
- Goniophotometer A goniophotometer (GP-200) manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory was used.
- the light beam stop is set to 1 and the light receiving stop is set to 3
- the light receiving section is changed in angle from 0 ° to 90 ° to track the amount of transmitted light, and the horizontal axis is the angle (°).
- the number of extreme values when the vertical axis was plotted as the amount of transmitted light was evaluated.
- thermomechanical measuring device (TMA / SS6000) manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. was used. From the center in the width direction, a sample having a sample width of 4 mm and a sample length of 70 mmn was cut out in the film orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to the film orientation direction. The sample was fixed to one end of a clip having a distance between chucks of 20 mm, and the sample was fixed between the clips of the apparatus by fixing the clip at the other end while applying a load of 3 g. The temperature was raised from 25 ° C. (room temperature) to 160 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min, and the shrinkage force of the sample in a fixed-length state was tracked. ( ⁇ N) was evaluated.
- test piece was set in a resistive chamber (12702A), pushed to the position of the memory 3 and the sample was pressed against the electrode, and the surface resistance was measured. This operation was performed on three test piece samples, and the average value was used as the measured value.
- DSC Measurement A differential scanning calorimeter EXSTAR DSC6220 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. was used. The measurement and the reading of the temperature were performed according to JIS-K-7122 (1987). After raising the temperature of 10 mg of the sample on an aluminum pan from 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min, quenching was performed, and the temperature was raised again from 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min. The temperature at the intersection of the base line when the temperature was raised from room temperature and the tangent at the inflection point of the step transition portion was taken as the glass transition temperature, and the peak top of the exothermic peak was taken as the crystallization temperature.
- the laminated film on which the easy-adhesion layer was applied was used as a substrate, and was applied using a continuous coating apparatus having a die coater.
- a resin constituting the hard coat layer an ultraviolet curable urethane acrylic resin, purple light UV-1700B (refractive index: 1.50 to 1.51) manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the die coating apparatus includes an application step, drying steps 1 to 3, and a curing step. In the application step, the laminated film was continuously conveyed at a set conveyance speed, and was continuously applied with a constant application thickness via a die coating apparatus.
- the transport speed was adjusted so that the coating thickness of the hard coat layer (solid content thickness after drying) was 3 ⁇ m, and coating was performed.
- the drying process is provided with a total of three chambers, and includes a nozzle capable of blowing hot air in parallel with the transport direction of the laminated film, and a far-infrared heater.
- the temperature and the wind speed of the hot air can be independently set, and these are the same on the hard coat lamination side of the laminated film and on the back side thereof.
- the temperature in the drying step was 80 ° C. for each.
- the actual temperature of the hot air was measured using a sensor attached to the die coating apparatus.
- the curing step is performed subsequent to the drying steps 1 to 3, and has a UV irradiation apparatus, under a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration of 0.1% by volume or less), an integrated light amount of 200 mJ / cm 2 , and an irradiation light intensity of 160 W / cm.
- Haze value variation is less than 0.5%
- Hue change ⁇ (a * after-a * before-test) 2 + (b * after-b-before-test) 2 ⁇
- S Hue change before and after accelerated weather test is less than 2
- A Hue change before and after accelerated weather test is 2 or more and less than 5
- B Hue change before and after accelerated weather test is 5 or more and less than 10
- C Before and after accelerated weather test Hue change of 10 or more
- Accelerated weathering test (15-1) Accelerated weathering test The display on which the laminated film was mounted was placed on a sunshine weather meter SS80 manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. with the viewing side facing the light irradiation surface, and an accelerated weathering test was performed for 500 hours.
- the device has a spectrum three times as intense as sunlight, and can perform tests simulating long-term outdoor use.
- the processing conditions were a bath temperature of 60 ° C., a bath humidity of 50% RH, an illuminance of 180 W / m 2 , and no shower treatment.
- Contrast change before and after accelerated weathering test is less than 3%
- Hue change before and after accelerated weather test is less than 2
- A Hue change before and after accelerated weather test is 2 or more and less than 5
- B Hue change before and after accelerated weather test is 5 or more and less than 10
- C Before and after accelerated weather test Hue change is 10 or more.
- thermoplastic resin A a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin having a refractive index of 1.58 and a melting point of 255 ° C. was used.
- thermoplastic resin B polyethylene terephthalate (PET / CHDM30) obtained by copolymerizing cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), which is a microcrystalline resin having a refractive index of 1.57, with a diol component at 30 mol% was used.
- CHDM cyclohexanedimethanol
- the kneading conditions were such that the discharge amount with respect to the screw rotation speed was 0.7.
- they are joined by a feed block having 501 slits while being metered by a gear pump, so that 501 layers are alternately arranged in the thickness direction at a lamination ratio of 1.0.
- a laminated alternate laminate was obtained.
- the slit length was designed to be stepwise, and the slit intervals were all constant.
- the final laminated film has a thickness of each of the two thermoplastic resin A layers corresponding to the outermost surface of 3 ⁇ m and the thickness of the other internal layers within a range of 50 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- a layer composed mainly of the thermoplastic resin A is composed of a total of 251 layers
- a B layer composed mainly of the thermoplastic resin B is composed of a total of 250 layers, which are alternately laminated in the thickness direction.
- the layer thickness had a two-step inclined configuration in which the thickness monotonically increased from one end to the center of the thickness and decreased monotonically from the center to the other end.
- the alternating laminate was supplied to a T-die, formed into a sheet, and then rapidly cooled and solidified on a casting drum having a surface temperature of 25 ° C. while applying an electrostatic application voltage of 8 kV with a wire. A laminated cast sheet was obtained.
- aqueous coating agent containing a vinyl acetate / acrylic resin containing 3 wt% of colloidal silica having a particle diameter of 100 nm was coated (hereinafter, “coating” means the above-mentioned contents) to form an easy-adhesion layer.
- This uniaxially laminated film was guided to a tenter, preheated with hot air at 90 ° C., and then stretched 3.5 times in the width direction of the film at a temperature of 140 ° C. The stretched film was exposed to hot air at 230 ° C. in the tenter immediately after the completion of stretching.
- the film was subjected to a 1% relaxation treatment in the width direction at the same temperature condition, and then wound up to obtain a laminated film having a thickness of 35 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the easily adhesive layer was about 60 nm on both sides, and the transmission spectrum was measured with a spectrophotometer.
- the basic performance including the phase difference is as shown in Table 1, and the change in the haze value in the evaluation of the bleed-out property was as good as 0.6%.
- Example 2 In Example 1, as the thermoplastic resin B, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDC), which is a non-crystalline resin having a melting point and a refractive index of 1.55, was used in an amount of 20 mol% based on the dicarboxylic acid component and spiroglycol (SPG).
- CHDC cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid
- SPG spiroglycol
- Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the reflectance was increased due to the increase in the refractive index difference, and the maximum area of the region exhibiting the spectral shift property was increased. Because of the amorphous resin, the in-plane retardation was small, and the orientation angle at the position in the width direction was not sufficient, but was slightly reduced. Also in the mounting evaluation, the decrease in the contrast in the luminance evaluation was suppressed as compared with Example 1 due to the enhancement of the ultraviolet ray cut property (Table 1).
- Example 3 In Example 2, the total thickness of the laminated film was set to 72 ⁇ m, and a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber (2,2′-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzo) Triazole-2-yl) phenol) was added in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 3 wt% was added to the resin composition constituting the layer B containing the thermoplastic resin B as a main component. By targeting the boundary between the red visible light region and the near infrared region, a highly transparent laminated film capable of effectively cutting high energy near infrared light could be obtained (Table 1). .
- a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber 2,2′-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzo) Triazole-2-yl) phenol
- Example 1 a film having a single film structure was obtained by using a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin having a refractive index of 1.58 and a melting point of 258 ° C for both the thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B. Since it has no ultraviolet-cutting property and has a single-layer structure, the bleed-out property and the accelerated weathering test after mounting showed significant deterioration (Table 5).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Example 4 In Example 2, a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber (2,2′-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazole- 2-yl) phenol) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that 2 wt% was added to the resin composition constituting the layer B containing the thermoplastic resin B as a main component. The combined use of light absorption and light reflection made it possible to cut the ultraviolet region sufficiently, while the use of an ultraviolet absorber with low compatibility with the resin enabled bleed-out. Worse than Example 2 (Table 1).
- thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B As the thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B, a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber (2,2′-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazole-2) A film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that a polyethylene terephthalate resin to which-(yl) phenol) was added in an amount of 4 wt% based on the resin composition was used.
- a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber 2,2′-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazole-2)
- thermoplastic resin A and the thermoplastic resin B a thiobenzotriazole ultraviolet absorber (2- (5-dodecylthio-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) is used.
- a film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that a polyethylene terephthalate resin added to be 1.5 wt% with respect to the resin composition was used.
- an ultraviolet absorber having a long-wavelength ultraviolet ray-cutting property was used and the long-wavelength ultraviolet ray-cutting property was satisfied, the cutoff property in the ultraviolet region was not satisfied, and deterioration occurred after a durability test (Table 5).
- Comparative Example 4 A film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the same thiobenzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbent as that used in Comparative Example 3 was added to the resin composition in an amount of 3 wt% as the ultraviolet absorbent. I got A high concentration was added to satisfy the ultraviolet region, but the bleed-out property was slightly poor, and the light absorbing agent could not cut the long wavelength ultraviolet region sharply. It became a film (Table 5).
- Example 5 (Comparative Example 5) In Example 4, except that the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction was 3.3 times, the stretching ratio in the width direction was 3.5 times, and the casting drum speed was reduced in accordance with the stretching ratio to reduce the thickness of the laminated film to 35 ⁇ m. A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4. Since the difference in stretching strength in two directions perpendicular to each other was small, almost no spectral shift property occurred. Although the shape of the average transmission spectrum Z was the same as that of Example 4, it was a laminated film in which visible light was reflected on the front surface and coloring in image display became strong (Table 5).
- Example 6 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the speed of the cast drum was increased and the thickness of the laminated film was 34 ⁇ m. Since the reflection band was hidden behind the absorption curve derived from the added ultraviolet absorber, almost no spectral shift was exhibited. Since the cut property from the ultraviolet region to the HEV region was poor, a laminated film having no durability was obtained (Table 5).
- Example 5 In Example 4, they were joined by a feed block having 51 slits to form a laminated film in which 49 layers were alternately laminated in the thickness direction at a lamination ratio of 1.0.
- the uniaxially stretched laminated film was guided to a tenter and stretched 5.0 times in the film width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C.
- Each of the two outermost layers has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m
- the middle 49 layers have a thickness of 50 nm or more and 70 nm or less
- a one-step inclined structure in which the layer thickness monotonically increases from one end to the other end and a laminated film having a film thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4.
- the number of laminations was small, and from the viewpoint of light reflectivity and bleed-out property, it had barely enough performance to be used (Table 1).
- Example 6 the film was joined by a feed block having 201 slits to form a laminated film in which 201 layers were alternately laminated in the thickness direction at a lamination ratio of 1.0.
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the uniaxially stretched laminated film was guided to a tenter and stretched 4.5 times in the film width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C.
- the two outermost layers each had a thickness of 100 nm
- the middle 199 layers had a thickness of 60 to 80 nm
- the layer thickness was one step inclined
- the film thickness was 14 ⁇ m.
- Example 7 In Example 4, two different types of thermoplastic resins were combined at a feed block having 801 slits to form a laminated film in which 801 layers were alternately laminated in the thickness direction at a lamination ratio of 1.0.
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the two outermost layers each had a thickness of 3 ⁇ m, and the middle 799 layers had a thickness of 50 to 80 nm, and the layer thickness was 55 ⁇ m.
- a three-step inclined structure in which the layer thickness monotonically increases from one end to the 1/3 position of the layer thickness, monotonically decreases from the 1/3 position to the 2/3 position, and monotonically increases from the 2/3 position to the other end. Had. Since the number of layers is large and the reflectivity is high due to the three-step inclined structure, the bleed-out property and the durability during long-term use are excellent, but the color tone change before and after mounting is equivalent to the result of Example 4. (Table 2).
- Example 8 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the uniaxially stretched laminated film was guided to a tenter and stretched 5.0 times in the film width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C. Due to the improvement of the spectral shift property, coloring after mounting was reduced (Table 2).
- Example 4 Example 4 was repeated except that the uniaxially stretched laminated film was guided to a tenter, stretched 6.0 times in the film width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C, and the casting drum speed was adjusted to a thickness of 34.5 ⁇ m. In the same manner as in No. 4, a laminated film was obtained. In the polarization state (X-wave irradiation conditions), while blue light was strongly shielded, blue reflection was suppressed as a whole, and a laminated film having properties in accordance with the concept of spectral shiftability was obtained. (Table 2).
- Example 10 In Example 4, without stretching in the longitudinal direction, the film was stretched 3.0 times in the film width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C., and the casting drum speed was increased so that the thickness became 35 ⁇ m in accordance with the stretching ratio. Except for the above, a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4. Due to the uniaxial stretching, only the reflection cut property in the orientation direction was strongly exhibited, and the laminated film was suitable for the concept of low reflection color, high transparency, and sharp cut property (Table 2).
- Example 7 In Example 4, without stretching in the longitudinal direction, the film was stretched 5.0 times in the film width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C., and the casting drum speed was increased so that the thickness became 35 ⁇ m according to the stretching ratio. Except for the above, a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4. The film was severely torn in the width direction and was difficult to form continuously. Since the spectrum shifting property was too strong, uneven reflection colors and iridescent unevenness due to uneven stretching were remarkably visually recognized, resulting in a film having impaired transparency (Table 5).
- Example 7 was the same as Example 7 except that the uniaxially stretched laminated film was guided to a tenter, stretched 5.0 times in the film width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C., and the casting drum speed was adjusted to a thickness of 55 ⁇ m. Similarly, a laminated film was obtained. As in Example 8, the result was that the spectral shiftability was improved and the coloring after mounting was small (Table 2).
- Example 12 Two pieces of the laminated film of Example 11 were bonded together via a single-layer optical adhesive film so that the orientation directions were the same, to obtain a laminated product.
- the laminate of the obtained laminated film had a retardation value twice that of Example 11, and had a thickness of about 115 ⁇ m. Since the number of laminations was doubled, the reflectance was also increased, and the result that the light cut was improved as a whole was obtained.
- the spectrum shiftability was at the same level as in Example 11, and the yellowing of the transmitted light tended to be slightly stronger as a whole due to the improvement in the cuttability (Table 2).
- Example 13 In Example 8, the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction was 2.8 times, the stretching ratio in the width direction was 4.5 times, and the casting speed was about 1.2 times so that the thickness was equivalent to that in Example 8.
- a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the speed was increased.
- the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction was high, and the film was strongly transversely stretched while the pulsation of the film width after uniaxial stretching was large, so that the stretching unevenness in the longitudinal direction of the film and the accompanying cut-off wavelength unevenness were large.
- pulsation of the film width was suppressed, and a spectrum shift property equivalent to that of Example 8 could be obtained (Table 3).
- thermoplastic resin B cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDC), which is an amorphous resin having no melting point and a refractive index of 1.55, was 4 mol% based on the dicarboxylic acid component, and spiroglycol (SPG).
- the extrusion temperature of thermoplastic resin B was set to 260 ° C. using polyethylene terephthalate (PET / SPG21 / CHDC4) obtained by copolymerizing 21 mol% with respect to the diol component. Further, a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13, except that the preheating temperature in each stretching step was set at 105 ° C.
- the laminated film was slightly whitened, and an extreme point due to diffuse reflection occurred in a measurement with a goniophotometer.
- the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin has been improved and the laminated film has improved heat shrinkage resistance, it has also succeeded in suppressing the contrast change in the accelerated weathering test, and the overall brightness change was implemented
- Example 13 showed an equivalent level (Table 3).
- Example 15 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14, except that the kneading condition of the thermoplastic resin B was changed to a discharge amount with respect to the screw rotation number of 0.3. Due to the more intense kneading, the whitening confirmed in Example 14 was eliminated, and the pole in the goniophotometer disappeared. As a result, the suppression of the change in contrast in the accelerated weathering test became remarkable, and the best level was obtained at this level (Table 3).
- Example 16 In Example 15, a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber (2,4,6-tris (2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy-3-methylphenyl) -s-triazine) was added to thermoplastic resin B, and a laminated film was formed. A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 15 except that 1.5 wt% was added to the constituent resin composition. It has excellent long-wavelength cut properties compared to conventional benzotriazoles, and has excellent compatibility with polyethylene terephthalate resin, making it ideal for both bleed-out evaluation and accelerated light resistance test. (Table 3).
- Example 17 In Example 15, in the thermoplastic resin B, a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber (2,4-bis (2-hydroxy-4-butyloxyphenyl) -6- (2,4-bisbutyloxyphenyl) -s- Triazine) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 15, except that 1.5 wt% was added to the resin composition constituting the laminated film. Although having a long wavelength cut property, the absorption intensity was relatively low, and the result was inferior to that of Example 16, but the property was sufficient for long-term use (Table 3).
- Example 15 was the same as Example 15 except that the thiobenzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber used in Comparative Example 3 was added so as to be 1.0 wt% with respect to the resin composition constituting the laminated film. Similarly, a laminated film was obtained. The amount of the ultraviolet absorber added was small, and a synergistic effect of reflection and absorption was obtained even in the long-wavelength ultraviolet region, showing good durability and spectral shift properties (Table 3).
- Example 19 A laminated film was obtained through a heat treatment in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the stretching step temperature in the width direction was changed to two stages of 110 ° C / 140 ° C. By suppressing the shrinkage in the longitudinal direction by stepwise heating in the stretching step, a more uniform phase difference was obtained in the width direction than in Example 16 (Table 4).
- Example 20 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the heat treatment temperature was reduced from 230 ° C to 180 ° C. By reducing the heat treatment temperature, a balance of the contraction force in the longitudinal direction of the laminated film was obtained, and the uniformity of the orientation angle in the width direction was slightly obtained by suppressing the bowing phenomenon. On the other hand, the contraction force was improved due to insufficient heat fixation (Table 4).
- Example 21 In Example 20, a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 20, except that an intermediate region having a constant film width was provided at 140 ° C after the stretching step in stretching in the width direction.
- an intermediate region having a constant film width was provided at 140 ° C after the stretching step in stretching in the width direction.
- Example 22 A laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21, except that a fine stretching treatment of 10% was performed in the heat treatment step. By slightly stretching during the heat treatment, a laminated film exhibiting the most uniform retardation and the most uniform orientation angle in the examples up to this point was obtained (Table 4).
- Example 23 A hard coat layer was laminated on the outermost surface on one side of the laminated film of Example 22. By laminating the hard coat layer having high rigidity, the heat shrinkage force was significantly reduced, and a laminated film having no change after the accelerated weathering test was obtained (Table 4).
- Example 24 In Example 23, as thermoplastic resin B, polyethylene terephthalate (PET / SPG30) obtained by copolymerizing 30 mol% of spiroglycol (SPG), which is an amorphous resin having a melting point and a refractive index of 1.55, was used. The extrusion temperature of the plastic resin B was set to 260 ° C., and a laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23. By using SPG alone as the non-oriented component as the copolymerization component, dimensional stability was added, and a laminated film having higher rigidity than Example 23 could be obtained (Table 4).
- SPG polyethylene terephthalate
- SPG spiroglycol
- the laminated film of the present invention has a multilayer laminated structure and has a feature of cutting light rays in a specific wavelength band.
- a window film for an industrial material application, for a steel plate laminate for a signboard or the like.
- Transmission spectrum X when irradiated with polarized X-wave 2 Transmission spectrum Y when irradiated with polarized Y-wave 3: Transmission spectrum Z 4: region Amax surrounded by the transmission spectrum X and the transmission spectrum Y in the wavelength range of 300 to 900 nm 5: A minute region surrounded by a wavelength n [nm] and a wavelength n + 1 [nm] 6: A region Amax surrounded by a transmission spectrum X and a transmission spectrum Y in a wavelength range of 350 to 500 nm. 7: wavelength band in which transmittance continuously increases by 20% or more 8: cut-off wavelength ⁇
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Abstract
Description
熱可塑性樹脂Aを主成分とするA層と、前記熱可塑性樹脂Aと異なる熱可塑性樹脂Bを主成分とするB層を交互に51層以上積層した積層フィルムであって、フィルム配向方向に振動する直線偏光(X波)を波長300nm以上900nm以下の波長領域にわたって照射し、横軸を波長(nm)、縦軸を透過率(%)としてプロットしたときに得られる透過スペクトルを透過スペクトルX、フィルム配向方向に垂直な方向に振動する直線偏光(Y波)を波長300nm以上900nm以下の波長領域にわたって照射し、横軸を波長(nm)、縦軸を透過率(%)としてプロットしたときに得られる透過スペクトルを透過スペクトルYとした際に、透過スペクトルXおよび透過スペクトルYで囲まれる領域のうち、最も大きな領域の面積Amax(nm・%)が、150≦Amax≦1500である積層フィルム、である。
本発明における特性の測定方法、および効果の評価方法は次のとおりである。
積層フィルムの層構成は、ミクロトームを用いて断面を切り出したサンプルについて、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)観察により求めた。すなわち、透過型電子顕微鏡H-7100FA型((株)日立製作所製)を用い、加速電圧75kVの条件で積層フィルムの断面を観察し、断面写真を撮影、層構成および各層厚みを測定した。尚、場合によっては、コントラストを高く得るために、RuO4やOsO4などを使用した染色技術を用いた。また、1枚の画像に取り込められるすべての層の中で最も厚みの薄い層(薄膜層)の厚みにあわせて、薄膜層厚みが50nm未満の場合は10万倍、薄膜層厚みが50nm以上500nm未満である場合は4万倍、500nm以上である場合は1万倍の拡大倍率にて観察を実施し、層厚み、積層数、積層構造を特定した。
サンプルを積層フィルム幅方向中央部から4cm四方で切り出し、王子計測機器(株)製 位相差測定装置(KOBRA-21ADH)を用いて、フィルム幅方向が本測定装置にて定義されている角度0°となるように装置に設置し、入射角0°における波長590nmを照射した場合の配向角を測定し、読み取った。波長590nmの光が積層フィルムにより反射されることで測定結果が得られない場合は、波長480nm、550nm、630nm、750nmのうち、反射しない波長を適宜選択して配向角を測定した。得られた配向角の示す方向をX方向、それに垂直な方向をY方向とした。次いで、日立ハイテクサイエンス製の分光光度計U-4100を使用し、透過スペクトルを測定した。装置に付属のKarl Lambrecht社製のグランテーラー偏光プリズム(MGTYB20)および積分球を取り付け、グランテーラー偏光プリズムの透過方向と、サンプルの配向方向(X方向)および配向方向に垂直な方向(Y方向)を一致させ、酸化アルミニウム標準白色板(本体付属)の反射を100%としたときの、波長295nm以上905nm以下の波長領域の光線透過率の変動グラフを測定した測定条件として、スキャン速度を600nm/min,サンプリングピッチを1nmに設定し、連続的に測定した。
前記(2)の透過率測定で得られた1nmピッチの透過スぺクトルデータに対し、前後10点の透過率データ平均値を算出した。(例えば、295nm~304nmのデータを用いた場合には、299.5nmの透過率平均値データが算出される。以降905nmまで行い、299.5nmから900.5nmまでの1nmピッチのデータを算出。)その後、隣り合う2点の平均値を順に算出し(例えば、299.5nmと300.5nmの平均から300nmの平均透過率データを算出。)、同様の計算を繰り返すことにより、波長300nm~900nmの10点平均透過率データを求めた。
前記(2)の透過率測定で得られた10点平均処理した透過率データ(透過スペクトルX)において波長390nmの透過率を読み取り、透過率を%表示から小数表記に変換したうえで、式(4)に代入して光学濃度を算出した。
積層フィルムのフィルム幅方向中央部において、フィルム幅5cm、フィルム長手方向3mの帯状サンプルを切り出した。フィルム幅5cmの中央位置に対し、日立ハイテクサイエンス製の分光光度計U-4100を使用し、(2)と同様にして波長300nm以上800nm以下の波長領域の10点平均処理した透過スペクトルを得た。この作業を長手方向に10cm間隔で繰り返し、計30点の透過スペクトルデータを得た。各点の透過スぺクトルに対して10点平均処理を施した後、各スペクトルデータのカットオフ波長λを読み取った。30点のカットオフ波長λの中で最大波長のものをλmax、最小波長のものをλminとし、変動幅(λmax-λmin)を算出した。
フィルムを長さ15cm、幅1.5cmの短冊形状に切り出し、ヤング率測定用サンプルとした。JIS-K7127-1999に準拠した測定において、ロボットテンシロンRTA(オリエンテック製)を用いて、温度23℃、湿度65%RHにおいて測定した。なお、引っ張り速度は300mm/minとした。この測定を、カットサンプルに対して5°ずつ角度を変えて実施し、ヤング率が最も高い方向をフィルム幅方向とした。
王子計測機器(株)製 位相差測定装置(KOBRA-21ADH)を用いた。サンプルを積層フィルム幅方向中央部、および、幅方向中央と幅方向両末端との中間点、の計3か所から幅方向4cm×長手方向4cmでそれぞれ切り出し、フィルム幅方向が本測定装置にて定義されている角度0°となるように装置に設置し、入射角0°における波長590nmの面内位相差ならびに配向角を測定し、読み取った。波長590nmの光が積層フィルムにより反射されることで測定結果が得られない場合は、波長480nm、550nm、630nm、750nmのうち、反射しない波長を適宜選択して測定し、位相差についてはコーシー(Cauchy)の分散式を用いて波長590nmの位相差を算出した。
村上色彩技術研究所製のゴニオフォトメーター(GP-200)を用いた。光束絞りを1、受光絞りを3として、サンプルを光路に対して45°に配置した際に受光部を0°~90°に変角させて透過光量を追跡し、横軸を角度(°)、縦軸を透過光量としてプロットした際の極値の数を評価した。
セイコーインスツルメンツ社製の熱機械測定装置(TMA/SS6000)を用いた。幅方向中央部より、フィルム配向方向およびフィルム配向方向に垂直な方向それぞれに対して、試料幅4mm、試料長さ70mmnのサンプルを切り出した。サンプルをチャック間距離20mmのクリップの片端に固定し、荷重3gを付加した状態で、もう片端のクリップを固定することで、装置のクリップ間にサンプルを固定した。25℃(室温)から160℃まで昇温速度10℃/分で昇温し、定長状態におけるサンプルの収縮力を追跡し、立ち上がり温度(℃)、ならびに、90℃以上130℃以下における収縮力(μN)を評価した。
アドバンテスト社製のデジタル超高抵抗/微小電流計エレクトロメータR8340を使用した。幅方向中央部より、10cm四方のサンプルを3サンプル切り出し、テストピースとした。23℃65%RH条件で24時間調湿した後、レジスティビティチャンバー(12702A)にテストピースをセットし、メモリ3の位置まで押し込みサンプルを電極に圧着し、表面抵抗を測定した。この作業をテストピース3サンプルに対して実施し、平均値を測定値とした。
セイコー電子工業(株)製の示差走査熱量計EXSTAR DSC6220を用いた。測定ならびに温度の読み取りは、JIS-K-7122(1987年)に従って実施した。試料10mgをアルミニウム製受皿上、25℃から300℃まで10℃/分の速度で昇温させた後に、急冷し、再度25℃から300℃まで10℃/分の速度で昇温させた際の、室温から昇温した際のベースラインと段差転移部分の変曲点での接線との交点における温度をガラス転移温度、発熱ピークのピークトップを結晶化温度とした。
易接着層が塗布された積層フィルムを基材とし、ダイコーターを有する連続塗布装置を用いて塗布した。ハードコート層を構成する樹脂として、紫外線硬化型ウレタンアクリル樹脂である日本合成化学工業(株)製 紫光UV-1700B[屈折率:1.50~1.51])を用いた。ダイコーティング装置は、塗布工程、乾燥工程1~3、硬化工程から構成される。塗布工程では、設定した搬送速度で積層フィルムを連続的に搬送し、ダイコーティング装置を介して、一定の塗布厚みで連続塗布した。ハードコート層の塗布厚み(乾燥後の固形分厚み)が3μmとなるように、搬送速度を調整して塗布した。乾燥工程は全部で3室備えており、積層フィルムの搬送方向と平行に熱風を送風可能なノズル、および、遠赤外ヒーターを有する。それぞれの乾燥工程で、独立して温度ならびに熱風の風速(ファン回転数)を設定可能であり、これらは積層フィルムのハードコート積層側とその裏側とで同一である。乾燥工程の温度は、それぞれ80℃とした。熱風の実温度は、ダイコーティング装置に付属のセンサーでの測定値を用いた。硬化工程は、乾燥工程1~3に続いて行われ、UV照射装置を有しており、窒素雰囲気下(酸素濃度0.1体積%以下)、積算光量200mJ/cm2、照射光強度160W/cmの条件で実施した。
作成した積層フィルムをフィルム幅方向中央部から長手方向10cm×幅方向10cmで切り出し、普通紙に挟んで85℃の無風炉型オーブン内に500時間静置し、熱処理前後の積層フィルムのヘイズ値の変化量を評価した。ヘイズ測定は、スガ試験機(株)製 ヘイズメーター(HGM-2DP)を用い、旧JIS-K-7105(1981年版)に準じて測定を行った。積層フィルム面内の任意の5点を測定し、その平均値を測定結果とした。
A:ヘイズ値変動量が 0.5%以上1.0%未満
B:ヘイズ値変動量が 1.0%以上1.5%未満
C:ヘイズ値変動量が 1.5%以上 。
(14-1)積層フィルムの実装
アップル社製のスマートフォンである“iPhone(登録商標)”6を使用した。液晶パネルを取り外し、最も視認側に位置する偏光板の視認側最表面に積層フィルムを、光学粘着剤OCAを介して、偏光板の透過軸方向と積層フィルムの配向方向が一致するように貼り合せた。積層フィルムを実装した偏光板を再度“iPhone(登録商標)”6の筐体に組み込み、促進耐候試験用のテストピースとした。
コニカミノルタセンシング社製の分光測色計CM3600dを用い、画面黒表示における反射測色値を測定した。ディスプレイに本発明の積層フィルムを組み込む前後における反射色相の変化を評価した。測定条件は、測定径8mm、視野角10°、光源D65とし、反射SCIでのa*値およびb*値を読み取った。式(6)に従った色値の変化量に従い、色相変化の優劣を評価した。
S:促進耐候試験前後の色相変化量が2未満
A:促進耐候試験前後の色相変化量が2以上5未満
B:促進耐候試験前後の色相変化量が5以上10未満
C:促進耐候試験前後の色相変化量が10以上
(15)促進耐候試験
(15-1)促進耐候試験
積層フィルムを実装したディスプレイを、視認側を光照射面に向けてスガ試験機社製のサンシャインウエザーメーターSS80に設置し、500時間の促進耐候試験を実施した。当該装置は太陽光と類似した3倍の強度のスペクトルを有しており、擬似的に屋外での長期使用を想定した試験を実施する事が出来る。処理条件としては、槽内温度60℃、槽内湿度50%RH、照度180W/m2、シャワー処理なしとした。
トプコンテクノハウス社製の輝度測定装置BM7を用いて測定した。全面白色表示における輝度をA、ならびに、全面黒色表示における輝度をBとし、式(7)に従いコントラスト値を算出した。促進耐候試験前後のコントラスト変化量に準じて、優劣を下記の通り評価した。
S:促進耐候試験前後のコントラスト変化が3%未満
A:促進耐候試験前後のコントラスト変化が3%以上5%未満
B:促進耐候試験前後のコントラスト変化が5%以上10%未満
C:促進耐候試験前後のコントラスト変化が10%以上 。
コニカミノルタセンシング社製の分光測色計CM3600dを用い、画面黒表示における反射測色値を測定した。促進耐候試験前後における反射色相の変化を評価した。測定条件は、測定径8mm、視野角10°、光源D65とし、反射SCIでのa*値およびb*値を読み取った。前記式(6)に従った色値の変化量に従い、色相変化の優劣を評価した。
A:促進耐候試験前後の色相変化量が2以上5未満
B:促進耐候試験前後の色相変化量が5以上10未満
C:促進耐候試験前後の色相変化量が10以上 。
熱可塑性樹脂Aとして、屈折率が1.58、融点が255℃のポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂を用いた。また、熱可塑性樹脂Bとして、屈折率が1.57の微結晶性樹脂であるシクロヘキサンジメタノール(CHDM)をジオール成分に対して30mol%共重合したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET/CHDM30)を用いた。準備した熱可塑性樹脂Aと熱可塑性樹脂B(共重合樹脂)をそれぞれ、ペレット状で2台の二軸押出機に投入し、両者とも280℃で溶融させて混練した。混錬条件は、スクリュー回転数に対する吐出量を0.7とした。次いで、それぞれFSSタイプのリーフディスクフィルタを7枚介した後、ギヤポンプにて計量しながら、スリット数501個のフィードブロックにて合流させて、積層比1.0の厚さ方向に交互に501層積層された交互積層物とした。ここでは、スリット長さは階段状になるように設計し、スリット間隔は全て一定とした。得られた交互積層フィルムは、最終的な積層フィルムが、最表面にあたる2層の熱可塑性樹脂A層の厚みがそれぞれ3μmずつ、その他内部の層厚みが50nm以上80nm以下の範囲となり、かつ、熱可塑性樹脂Aを主成分とするA層が計251層、熱可塑性樹脂Bを主成分とするB層が計250層となるように構成されており、厚さ方向に交互に積層されていたことを透過型電子顕微鏡観察により確認した。また、層厚みは、片端から厚み中央にかけて厚みが単調増加し、中央からもう片端にかけて厚みが単調減少する2段傾斜構成を有していた。該交互積層物をTダイへ供給し、シート状に成形した後、ワイヤーで8kVの静電印可電圧をかけながら、表面温度が25℃に保たれたキャスティングドラム上で急冷固化し、未延伸の積層キャストシートを得た。
実施例1において、熱可塑性樹脂Bとして、融点を持たない屈折率が1.55の非晶性樹脂である、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸(CHDC)をジカルボン酸成分に対して20mol%ならびにスピログリコール(SPG)をジオール成分に対して15mol%を共重合したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET/SPG15/CHDC20)を用い、熱可塑性樹脂Bの押出温度を260℃に設定した以外は、実施例1と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。実施例1と比較して、屈折率差が高くなったことで反射率が高まり、スペクトルシフト性を示す最大領域面積が大きくなった。非晶性樹脂のため、面内位相差も小さくなり、幅方向位置での配向角も十分ではないが、やや小さくなった。実装評価においても、紫外線カット性が高まったことで、輝度評価におけるコントラスト低下が実施例1と比べて抑制された(表1)。
実施例2において、積層フィルムの全体厚みを72μmとし、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤(2,2’-メチレンビス(4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール)を、熱可塑性樹脂Bを主成分とするB層を構成する樹脂組成物に対して3wt%となるように添加した以外は、実施例2と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。赤色可視光線と近赤外線領域との境界をターゲットとすることで、高透明でかつ、高エネルギーの近赤外線を効果的にカット可能な積層フィルムを得ることができた(表1)。
実施例1において、熱可塑性樹脂Aならびに熱可塑性樹脂Bともに、屈折率が1.58、融点が258℃のポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂を用いて単膜構成のフィルムを得た。紫外線カット性を全く有さず、かつ、単膜構成であることから、ブリードアウト性、実装後の促進耐候試験でも劣化が著しかった(表5)。
実施例2において、熱可塑性樹脂B内に、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤(2,2’-メチレンビス(4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール)を、熱可塑性樹脂Bを主成分とするB層を構成する樹脂組成物に対して2wt%となるように添加した以外は、実施例2と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。光線吸収と光線反射の併用により、紫外線領域カットを十分なものとすることができた。一方で、樹脂との相溶性が低い紫外線吸収剤を使用しているため、ブリードアウト性は実施例2よりも悪化した(表1)。
熱可塑性樹脂Aおよび熱可塑性樹脂Bとして、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤(2,2’-メチレンビス(4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール)を、樹脂組成物に対して4wt%となるように添加したポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂を使用した以外は、比較例1と同様にしてフィルムを得た。一般的な紫外線吸収剤添加の単膜フィルムでは、光線反射による長波長カット性を得ることができないため、紫外線吸収剤を高濃度添加する必要があり、ブリードアウト性が著しく悪くなり、長期使用に耐えうる性能を有していなかった(表5)。
熱可塑性樹脂Aおよび熱可塑性樹脂Bとして、チオ・ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤(2-(5-ドデシルチオ-2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-6-第三ブチル-4-メチルフェノール)を、樹脂組成物に対して1.5wt%となるように添加したポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂を使用した以外は、比較例1と同様にしてフィルムを得た。長波長紫外線カット性を有する紫外線吸収剤を使用し、長波長紫外線カット性を満足したものの、紫外線領域のカット性を満足せず、耐久試験後の劣化が生じた(表5)。
紫外線吸収剤として、比較例3に用いたものと同様のチオ・ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤を、樹脂組成物に対して3wt%となるように添加した以外は、比較例1と同様にしてフィルムを得た。紫外線領域を満足するために高濃度添加したが、ブリードアウト性にやや乏しく、光吸収剤が長波長紫外線領域をシャープにカットできないため、フィルム全体が黄色色相を帯び、画面表示において着色が著しい積層フィルムとなった(表5)。
実施例4において、長手方向の延伸倍率を3.3倍、幅方向の延伸倍率を3.5倍とし、延伸倍率に併せてキャストドラム速度を減速して積層フィルム厚みを35μmとした以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。互いに垂直な2方向への延伸強度差が小さいため、スぺクトルシフト性が殆ど発生しなかった。平均透過スペクトルZの形状は実施例4と同等であったものの、可視光線が前面に反射され、画像表示での着色が強くなる積層フィルムであった(表5)。
実施例4において、キャストドラム速度を増速し、積層フィルム厚みを34μmとした以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。反射帯域が添加した紫外線吸収剤由来の吸収曲線の陰に隠れたため、スペクトルシフト性が殆ど発現しなかった。紫外線領域からHEV領域のカット性に乏しいため、耐久性を備えていない積層フィルムとなった(表5)。
実施例4において、スリット数51個のフィードブロックにて合流させて、積層比1.0の厚さ方向に交互に49層積層された積層フィルムとした。また、一軸延伸した積層フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃の温度でフィルム幅方向に5.0倍延伸した。最表層の2層はそれぞれ3μmずつ、中間の49層が50nm以上70nm以下の厚みを有し、片端からもう片端にかけて層厚みが単調増加する1段傾斜構成、フィルム厚みが10μmの積層フィルムとした以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。積層数が少なく、光線反射率とブリードアウト性の観点から、使用するに足るギリギリの性能を有していた(表1)。
実施例4において、スリット数201個のフィードブロックにて合流させて、積層比1.0の厚さ方向に交互に201層積層された積層フィルムとした。また、一軸延伸した積層フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃の温度でフィルム幅方向に4.5倍延伸した以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。得られた積層フィルムは、最表層の2層はそれぞれ100nmずつ、中間の199層は60~80nmの厚みを有し、層厚みが1段傾斜構成、フィルム厚みが14μmであった。1段傾斜構成にすることで、透過光のカット性が実施例4よりもよりシャープなものとなった。
実施例4において、スリット数801個のフィードブロックにて異なる2種類の熱可塑性樹脂を合流させて、積層比1.0の厚さ方向に交互に801層積層された積層フィルムとした。最表層の2層はそれぞれ3μmずつ、中間の799層は50~80nm厚みを有し、層厚みが55μmの積層フィルムとした以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。層厚みは、片端から層厚みの1/3位置まで単調増加し、1/3位置から2/3位置まで単調減少し、さらに2/3位置からもう片端まで単調増加する、3段傾斜構造を有していた。層数が多く、3段傾斜構造であるために反射率が高いことから、ブリードアウト性や長期使用時の耐久性には優れるものの、実装前後の色調変化は実施例4と同等レベルの結果となった(表2)。
実施例4において、一軸延伸した積層フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃の温度でフィルム幅方向に5.0倍延伸した以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。スペクトルシフト性が向上したことで、実装後の着色が小さいものとなった(表2)。
実施例4において、一軸延伸した積層フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃の温度でフィルム幅方向に6.0倍延伸し、キャストドラム速度を調整して34.5μmの厚みとした以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。偏光状態(X波照射条件)ではブルーライトを強く遮蔽する一方で、全体としては青色反射が抑制されており、スペクトルシフト性のコンセプトに則した性質を有する積層フィルムとなった。(表2)。
実施例4において、長手方向への延伸を実施せず、140℃の温度でフィルム幅方向に3.0倍延伸し、延伸倍率に併せて厚みが35μmとなるようにキャストドラム速度を増速した以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。一軸方向の延伸のため、配向方向への反射カット性のみ強く発現しており、低反射色・高透明・シャープカット性のコンセプトに適した積層フィルムであった(表2)。
実施例4において、長手方向への延伸を実施せず、140℃の温度でフィルム幅方向に5.0倍延伸し、延伸倍率に併せて厚みが35μmとなるようにキャストドラム速度を増速した以外は、実施例4と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。幅方向への裂けが著しく、連続製膜困難なフィルムであった。スペクトルシフト性が強すぎるため、延伸むらによる反射色むら・虹色むらが顕著に視認され、透明性が損なわれたフィルムとなった(表5)。
実施例7において、一軸延伸した積層フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃の温度でフィルム幅方向に5.0倍延伸し、キャストドラム速度を調整して55μmの厚みとした以外は、実施例7と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。実施例8と同様に、スペクトルシフト性が向上し、実装後の着色が小さい結果を得た(表2)。
実施例11の積層フィルムを、配向方向が同じとなるように、単層の光学粘着フィルムを介して2枚貼り合せ、ラミネート品とした。得られた積層フィルムのラミネート品は、位相差は実施例11の2倍の数値を示し、厚みは約115μmを有した。積層数が2倍に増えたことで反射率も高まり、光線カットが全体的に向上する結果を得た。スペクトルシフト性は実施例11と同等レベルを示しており、カット性が向上した分、全体的に透過光の黄色着色がやや強くなる傾向を得た(表2)。
実施例8において、長手方向への延伸倍率を2.8倍とし、幅方向への延伸倍率を4.5倍とし、厚みが実施例8と同等となるようにキャスト速度を1.2倍程度増速した以外は、実施例8と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。実施例8では、長手方向への延伸倍率が高く、一軸延伸後のフィルム幅の脈動が大きい中で強く横延伸したため、フィルム長手方向の延伸むら、それに伴う、カットオフ波長むらが大きかったが、長手方向の延伸倍率を低くしたことでフィルム幅の脈動が抑制され、さらに実施例8同等のスペクトルシフト性を得ることができた(表3)。
実施例13において、熱可塑性樹脂Bとして、融点を持たない屈折率が1.55の非晶性樹脂である、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸(CHDC)をジカルボン酸成分に対して4mol%、スピログリコール(SPG)をジオール成分に対して21mol%を共重合したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET/SPG21/CHDC4)を用い、熱可塑性樹脂Bの押出温度を260℃に設定した。さらに、各延伸工程での予熱温度を105℃に設定した以外は、実施例13と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。熱可塑性樹脂Bの組成を変更したことで、積層フィルムがやや白化し、変角光度計の測定で拡散反射による極点が発生した。一方で、熱可塑性樹脂のガラス転移温度が向上し、熱収縮耐性が向上した積層フィルムとなったことで、促進耐候試験でのコントラスト変化抑制にも奏功しており、総合的に輝度変化は実施例13同等レベルを示した(表3)。
実施例14において、熱可塑性樹脂Bの混錬条件を、スクリュー回転数に対する吐出量を0.3とした以外は、実施例14と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。より強く混錬したことで、実施例14で確認された白化が解消し、変角光度計での極点が無くなった。これにより、促進耐候試験でのコントラスト変化抑制が顕著なものとなり、これの水準で最も良好なものとなった(表3)。
実施例15において、熱可塑性樹脂B内に、トリアジン系紫外線吸収剤(2,4,6-トリス(2-ヒドロキシ-4-ヘキシルオキシ-3-メチルフェニル)-s-トリアジン)を、積層フィルムを構成する樹脂組成物に対して1.5wt%となるように添加した以外は、実施例15と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。これまでのベンゾトリアゾール系よりも長波長カット性に優れ、さらに、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂との相溶性に優れる性質をもつことから、ブリードアウト性評価および促進耐光試験のいずれに対しても最適なものとなった(表3)。
実施例15において、熱可塑性樹脂B内に、トリアジン系紫外線吸収剤(2,4-ビス(2-ヒドロキシ-4-ブチルオキシフェニル)-6-(2,4-ビスブチルオキシフェニル)-s-トリアジン)を、積層フィルムを構成する樹脂組成物に対して1.5wt%となるように添加した以外は、実施例15と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。長波長カット性を有するものの、吸収強度は比較的低く、実施例16よりは劣る結果を得たが、十分に長期使用するに足る性質を有していた(表3)。
実施例15において、比較例3で用いた、チオ・ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤を、積層フィルムを構成する樹脂組成物に対して1.0wt%となるように添加した以外は、実施例15と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。紫外線吸収剤の添加量も少なく、また、長波長紫外線領域においても反射と吸収の相乗効果が得られ、良好な耐久性とスペクトルシフト性を示した(表3)。
実施例16において、幅方向延伸時の延伸工程温度を110℃/140℃の2段階とした以外は実施例16と同様に熱処理工程を経て積層フィルムを得た。延伸工程での段階昇温で長手方向への収縮を抑制したことにより、実施例16と比べて幅方向に均一な位相差が得られた(表4)。
実施例19において、熱処理温度を230℃から180℃へと減少した以外は、実施例19と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。熱処理温度を減少したことで、積層フィルムの長手方向への収縮力バランスが得られ、ボーイング現象が抑制されたことで、やや幅方向の配向角均一性が得られた。一方で、熱固定不足により収縮力が向上した(表4)。
実施例20において、幅方向延伸時の延伸工程後に、140℃でフィルム幅一定の中間領域を設けた以外は、実施例20と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。剛性が高い定温中間領域を設けて延伸工程と熱処理工程を分断したことで、積層フィルムの長手方向への収縮力をさらに抑制でき、幅方向の配向角均一化に効果が得られた(表4)。
実施例21において、さらに熱処理工程において10%の微延伸処理を実施した以外は、実施例21と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。熱処理時に微延伸したことで、これまでの実施例で最も位相差均一と配向角均一を示す積層フィルムが得られた(表4)。
実施例22の積層フィルムの片側最表面に、ハードコート層を積層した。剛性の高いハードコート層を積層したことで、熱収縮力が大幅に低減し、促進耐候試験後の変化のない積層フィルムとなった(表4)。
実施例23において、熱可塑性樹脂Bとして、融点を持たない屈折率が1.55の非晶性樹脂であるスピログリコール(SPG)30mol%を共重合したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET/SPG30)を用い、熱可塑性樹脂Bの押出温度を260℃に設定し、実施例23と同様にして積層フィルムを得た。共重合成分を無配向成分であるSPG単独とすることで、寸法安定性が付加され、実施例23よりもさらに剛性の高い積層フィルムを得ることできた(表4)。
2:偏光Y波を照射した時の透過スペクトルY
3:透過スペクトルZ
4:波長300~900nmの範囲において、透過スペクトルXおよび透過スペクトルYで囲まれてなる領域Amax
5:波長n[nm]および波長n+1[nm]とで囲まれる微小領域
6:波長350~500nmの範囲において、透過スペクトルXおよび透過スペクトルYで囲まれてなる領域Amax
7:透過率が20%以上連続して増加する波長帯域
8:カットオフ波長λ
Claims (10)
- 熱可塑性樹脂Aを主成分とするA層と、前記熱可塑性樹脂Aと異なる熱可塑性樹脂Bを主成分とするB層を交互に51層以上積層した積層フィルムであって、
フィルム配向方向に振動する直線偏光(X波)を波長300nm以上900nm以下の波長領域にわたって照射し、横軸を波長(nm)、縦軸を透過率(%)としてプロットしたときに得られる透過スペクトルを透過スペクトルX、
フィルム配向方向に垂直な方向に振動する直線偏光(Y波)を波長300nm以上900nm以下の波長領域にわたって照射し、横軸を波長(nm)、縦軸を透過率(%)としてプロットしたときに得られる透過スペクトルを透過スペクトルYとした際に、透過スペクトルXおよび透過スペクトルYで囲まれる領域のうち、最も大きな領域の面積Amax(nm・%)が、150≦Amax≦1500である積層フィルム。 - 前記透過スペクトルXおよび前記透過スペクトルYで囲まれる領域のうち、最も大きな領域の少なくとも一部が350nm以上500nm以下の波長帯域において存在し、
350nm以上500nm以下の波長帯域における前記Amaxの面積Amax350~500(nm・%)が、150≦Amax350~500≦1500である、請求項1に記載の積層フィルム。 - 前記透過スペクトルXと前記透過スペクトルYを平均して求められる透過スペクトルZの、波長390nmにおける光学濃度が1.0以上である、請求項1または2に記載の積層フィルム。
- フィルム長手方向に対して、前記透過スペクトルXの、350nm以上500nm以下の波長帯域におけるカットオフ波長λの変動幅(λmax-λmin)が、20nm以下である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- 60°入射角度での透過スペクトルZの、波長390nmにおける透過率が20%以下であり、波長430nmにおける透過率が70%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- 硫黄原子を含むベンゾトリアゾール系および/またはトリアジン系の紫外線吸収剤を含んでなる、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- フィルム幅方向中央、ならびに、フィルム幅方向中央と幅方向両末端との中間点の3点における、面内位相差の平均値が400nmを超えて5000nm未満であり、かつ、前記3点における面内位相差の最大値と最小値の差が、3点の位相差の平均値の10%以下である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- フィルム幅方向中央、ならびに、幅方向中央と幅方向両末端との中間点の3点において、いずれもフィルム幅方向を0°とした時の配向角が15°以下である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- 変角光度測定において、0°≦θ≦40°、50°≦θ≦90°の範囲における反射光強度を測定し、横軸を角度(°)、縦軸を反射光強度としてプロットして得られる光強度スペクトルにおいて、極値が2点以下である、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
- フィルム配向方向(X方向)とフィルム配向方向に垂直な方向(Y方向)における熱収縮力測定において、X方向とY方向のいずれも立ち上がり温度が90℃以上であり、かつ、90℃以上130℃以下における収縮力が250μN以下である、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の積層フィルム。
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| JP2019550874A JP7290111B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 | 2019-09-04 | 積層フィルム |
| US17/273,486 US12117632B2 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2019-09-04 | Laminate film |
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| CA3143878A1 (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-23 | Jacobs & Thompson Inc. | Biodegradable insulating film kit |
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| JP7290111B2 (ja) | 2023-06-13 |
| KR20210055684A (ko) | 2021-05-17 |
| TWI805838B (zh) | 2023-06-21 |
| EP3851884A4 (en) | 2022-06-08 |
| JPWO2020054529A1 (ja) | 2021-08-30 |
| EP3851884A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
| KR102753062B1 (ko) | 2025-01-14 |
| US20210341659A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
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