WO2020059848A1 - レンチウイルスベクター産生の増強方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing a lentiviral vector.
- Lentiviral vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are valuable tools for transducing foreign genes into dividing and non-dividing cells, both in vitro and in vivo.
- the safety and convenience of lentiviral vectors have been improved by various methods (Non-Patent Document 1).
- VSV-G Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein
- CMV human cytomegalovirus
- Non-Patent Document 4 This procedure is currently a major hindrance due to the high cost of vector preparation using large amounts of plasmid and cell culture materials and equipment for enrichment and purification.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Increased viral vector production by blocking the intracellular innate immune response (Non-Patent Document 5) and stable expression of the immune response protein Siglec-9 increase lentiviral vector production by increasing transfection efficiency (Non-Patent Document 6).
- Others have studied adding caffeine (Non-Patent Document 7) or sodium butyrate (Non-Patent Document 8) to the culture medium to increase the titer of lentiviral vectors. However, further improvements are needed to prepare high titer lentiviral vectors.
- Lentiviral vectors are valuable tools for delivering foreign genes for stable expression in cells. Significant progress has been made in developing techniques for purifying lentiviral vectors from lentiviral vector-containing media. However, methods for increasing the production of lentiviral vectors from producer cells have not been sufficiently studied.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for enhancing production of a lentiviral vector in 293T cells and a reagent for enhancing the method.
- HTLV-1 Tax human T-cell leukemia virus type 1
- CREB cAMP response element binding protein
- ATF Activating transcription factor
- NF- ⁇ B nuclear factor-B
- AP-1 activator protein-1
- the present invention for preparing a high-titer lentivirus vector has been completed by activating a promoter in a production cell.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a method for producing a lentiviral vector comprising a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentiviral particles, and genes and expressions for transcribing RNA incorporated into lentiviral particles
- the lentivirus vector production amount is increased by simultaneously expressing a factor that activates a promoter
- a method for producing [2] The method for producing a lentiviral vector according to [1], wherein the promoter activating factor is a CMV promoter activating factor.
- the promoter activating factor is one or more selected from the group consisting of HTLV-1 Tax, HIV-1 Tat, NF- ⁇ B RelA, AP-1 and CREB / ATF, [1] Or the method of [2].
- a method for producing a lentiviral vector comprising a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentiviral particles, and genes and expressions for transcribing RNA incorporated into lentiviral particles When co-transfecting a 293T cell with a packaging mix containing a plasmid containing the desired transgene to be caused, simultaneously express HTLV-1 Tax or NF- ⁇ B RelA in the 293T cell to produce a lentiviral vector.
- a method for producing a lentiviral vector according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein [5] A method for producing a lentiviral vector, comprising a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentiviral particles, and genes and expressions for transcribing RNA incorporated into lentiviral particles
- a method for producing a lentiviral vector comprising a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentiviral particles, and genes and expressions for transcribing RNA incorporated into lentiviral particles
- the plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are a lentiviral vector plasmid containing at least an LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a transgene of interest (transgene), and gag,
- the plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are: (1) a lentiviral vector plasmid containing at least LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a target transgene (transgene); (2) three plasmids, a packaging plasmid containing gag and pol necessary for packaging and optionally containing control genes rev and tat, and (3) an envelope plasmid containing a gene encoding VSV-G.
- the plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are: (A) a lentiviral vector plasmid containing at least the LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a target transgene (transgene); It consists of four plasmids, (B) a packaging plasmid containing gag and pol necessary for packaging, (C) an envelope plasmid containing a gene encoding VSV-G, and (D) a rev expression plasmid containing rev. 6]
- a method for producing a lentiviral vector are: (A) a lentiviral vector plasmid containing at least the LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a target transgene (transgene); It consists of four plasmids, (B) a packaging plasmid containing gag and
- the plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are: (B) a packaging plasmid containing gag and pol necessary for packaging, and (C) a plasmid containing an envelope expression unit containing a gene encoding VSV-G and a rev expression unit containing rev, [6]
- a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentivirus particles, and a plasmid containing a gene that transcribes RNA incorporated into lentivirus particles and a transgene of interest to be expressed A kit for producing a lentiviral vector in 293T cells, comprising a packaging mix containing the same, and an expression vector containing a gene encoding a factor that activates a promoter. [13] The kit for producing a lentiviral vector according to [12], wherein the factor for activating the promoter is a factor for activating the CMV promoter.
- the promoter activating factor is one or more selected from the group consisting of HTLV-1 Tax, HIV-1 Tat, NF- ⁇ B RelA, AP-1 and CREB / ATF, [12] Or the kit of [13].
- a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentivirus particles, and a plasmid containing a gene that transcribes RNA incorporated into lentivirus particles and a transgene of interest to be expressed For producing a lentivirus vector in 293T cells of any of [12] to [14], comprising a packaging mix containing the same and an expression vector containing a gene encoding HTLV-1 Tax or NF- ⁇ B RelA .
- a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentivirus particles, and a plasmid containing a gene that transcribes RNA incorporated into lentivirus particles and a transgene of interest to be expressed Encoding packaging mix and encodes two types selected from the group consisting of HTLV-1 Tax, HIV-1 Tat and NF- ⁇ B RelA, or three types of HTLV-1 Tax, HIV-1 Tat and NF- ⁇ B RelA
- HTLV-1 A gene encoding two types selected from the group consisting of HIV-1 Tax, Tat and NF- ⁇ B RelA, or a gene encoding three types of HTLV-1 Tax, HIV-1 Tat and NF- ⁇ B RelA.
- a plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are a lentiviral vector plasmid containing at least an LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a transgene of interest (transgene), and gag,
- the plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are: (1) a lentivirus vector plasmid containing at least an LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a target transgene (transgene); (2) three plasmids, a packaging plasmid containing gag and pol necessary for packaging and optionally containing control genes rev and tat, and (3) an envelope plasmid containing a gene encoding VSV-G.
- the plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are: (A) a lentiviral vector plasmid containing at least the LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a target transgene (transgene); It consists of four plasmids, (B) a packaging plasmid containing gag and pol necessary for packaging, (C) an envelope plasmid containing a gene encoding VSV-G, and (D) a rev expression plasmid containing rev. [18]
- the plurality of plasmids constituting the packaging mix are: (A) a lentiviral vector plasmid containing at least an LTR (5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR), a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and a target transgene (transgene); (B) a packaging plasmid containing gag and pol necessary for packaging, and (C) a plasmid containing an envelope expression unit containing a gene encoding VSV-G and a rev expression unit containing rev, [18] A kit for producing a lentiviral vector.
- the Tax protein is not incorporated into the lentiviral vector particles, the safety of the preparation is ensured.
- FIG. 2 shows the structures of representative first, second and third generation lentiviral vector systems.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of a third generation lentiviral vector system in which VSV-G and rev are contained in one plasmid.
- FIG. 7 shows that Tax strongly activates the CMV promoter in HEK293T cells.
- FIG. 3 shows enhancement of lentiviral vector production by co-expression of Tax in lentiviral vector-producing cells.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the levels of Tax expression and Gag expression in lentivirus vector-producing cells.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing enhancement of virus release from producer cells by Tax.
- FIG. 4 shows that Tax is unlikely to be incorporated into lentiviral vector particles.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of a pSV plasmid.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of a transfer plasmid used in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the structure of a transfer plasmid used in Example 3. It is a figure which shows the outline
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a lentiviral vector, and a method for enhancing the amount of lentiviral vector produced.
- a 293T (HEK293T) cell is used as a packaging cell capable of producing a lentivirus vector, and when a lentivirus is produced in the 293T cell, it acts on the promoter and activates the promoter. Co-express the factor.
- the promoter is not limited, and includes, for example, a CMV promoter.
- Factors that activate the promoter include Tax, NF- ⁇ B RelA, HIV-1 Tat (hereinafter, referred to as “HIV-1 Tat” or “Tat”), AP-1, CREB / ATF, and the like. One may be co-expressed, or two, three, four or five may be co-expressed in combination. In the present invention, it is preferable to co-express one or more factors selected from Tax, NF- ⁇ B ⁇ RelA and Tat as factors for activating the promoter.
- 293T (HEK293T) cells are used as packaging cells capable of producing a lentivirus vector, and when producing a lentivirus in 293T cells, Tax, NF- ⁇ B-RelA, etc. Co-express transcription factors, Tat, or combinations thereof.
- Lentiviral vectors were developed based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
- HIV-1 provirus genome may be divided and contained in a plurality of plasmids, and each plasmid may be co-transfected (co-transfected) into cells.
- each plasmid may be co-transfected (co-transfected) into cells.
- a plurality of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for the formation of lentivirus particles, a plasmid containing a gene that transcribes RNA incorporated into lentivirus particles, and a plasmid containing a target transgene to be expressed into the packaging cells.
- Proteins such as gag, pol, tat, and rev required for packaging and envelopes such as VSV-G (G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus: vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein) are essential proteins for lentivirus particle formation. (Env) protein.
- VSV-G is preferred in that it has a wide host range and high physical strength, but other envelopes can be used.
- the gag gene encodes internal structure (cell stroma, capsid and nucleocapsid) proteins
- the pol gene encodes RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase), protease and integrase
- the env gene encodes the viral envelope. Encodes a glycoprotein.
- the lentivirus vector plasmid is a plasmid containing a packaging signal ( ⁇ ) and having a target gene inserted therein.
- Nucleic acids encoding proteins such as gag, pol, tat, and rev required for packaging, and nucleic acids encoding an envelope (env) protein such as VSV-G may be a plurality of plasmids, for example, 3 to 5 plasmids, preferably May be divided into three or four plasmids and cotransfected with a plurality of these plasmids and a lentiviral vector plasmid.
- the recombinant viral RNA genome transcribed from the lentiviral vector plasmid is incorporated into the packaging protein by the action of the packaging signal ( ⁇ ) to form a viral core.
- nucleic acids encoding proteins essential for virus formation are dispersed and contained in different plasmids, thereby preventing the generation of wild-type HIV-1 by homologous recombination.
- Lentiviral vectors that infect cells are not re-infectious and safe because they cannot self-replicate in cells.
- a lentivirus vector plasmid for example, a lentivirus vector plasmid, a plasmid containing a nucleic acid encoding a protein such as gag, pol, tat, rev, and a plasmid containing a nucleic acid encoding an envelope (env) protein such as VSV-G can be used.
- rev and tat which are control genes may be divided into other plasmids.
- LTR 5 ′ LTR and 3 ′ LTR
- ⁇ packaging signal
- transgene target transgene
- gag required for packaging And pol a packaging plasmid that may contain the control genes rev and tat
- an env expression plasmid envelope plasmid
- env envelope plasmid
- Packaging plasmid (C) an env expression plasmid containing an env gene encoding an envelope (env) such as VSV-G (envelope plasmid), and (D) a rev expression plasmid containing rev. Good.
- 5 'LTR and 3' LTR may be modified, for example, U3 of 5 'LTR and 3' LTR may be deleted or mutated, at this time, U3 of 5 'LTR is CMV promoter And the like.
- the plurality of plasmids used for the production of a lentivirus vector in cells are called a packaging mix for lentivirus production.
- a polyA-added sequence (polyadenylation sequence, poly ⁇ A) is ligated to the 3 ′ end of a plasmid other than the lentivirus vector plasmid.
- the origin of the poly-A additional sequence is not limited, and a poly-A additional sequence derived from a growth hormone gene, for example, a poly-A additional sequence derived from a bovine growth hormone gene or a poly-A additional sequence derived from a human growth hormone gene, Examples include a polyA additional sequence derived from SV40 virus, and a polyA additional sequence derived from human or rabbit ⁇ -globin gene.
- the above-mentioned lentiviral vector plasmid has an internal promoter and a gene of interest inserted between the HIV-LTRs at both ends containing a packaging signal ( ⁇ ).
- the lentivirus vector plasmid and the packaging plasmid may contain an RRE (rev response element).
- a promoter may be linked to the 5 'end of each plasmid. Furthermore, as described above, a promoter is included upstream of the target gene in the lentiviral vector plasmid.
- the promoter used is not limited. CMV promoter, CMV-i promoter (hCMVCM + CM intron promoter), SV40 promoter, UbC promoter, EF1a promoter, RSV promoter, ⁇ -actin promoter, CAG promoter, tissue-specific promoter, tet expression control promoter And the like, and among them, the CMV promoter is preferable.
- HIV accessory genes such as vif, vpr, vpu, vpx, nef, etc. has been removed or inactivated.
- the lentivirus vector plasmid may contain cPPT (central polypolyine tract) or WPRE (woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulator element).
- cPPT central polypolyine tract
- WPRE woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulator element
- Each element in the plasmid must be functionally linked.
- “functionally linked” means that the elements are linked so that the expression of the gene to be expressed is enhanced by each element exhibiting its function.
- Lentiviral vector systems for producing lentiviral vectors include first-generation lentiviral vector systems, second-generation lentiviral vector systems, and third-generation lentiviruses to prevent the generation of wild-type viruses due to homologous recombination. The vector system was improved.
- the lentiviral vector system using the three plasmids (1) to (3) is a second-generation lentiviral vector system, and the lentiviral vector system using the four plasmids (A) to (D) is the third. Generation lentivirus vector system.
- the U3 of the 5 ′ LTR of the lentiviral vector plasmid may be replaced with a CMV promoter, and the U3 of the 3 ′ LTR may be mutated to neutralize the promoter activity.
- a lentiviral vector plasmid is called a SIN (self-inactivating) plasmid. It has been reported that when U3 of the 5 'LTR is replaced with a CMV promoter, tat is unnecessary and tat can be removed from the packaging plasmid (MIYOSHI et al., J. Virol., 70, 8150, 1998 ; Dull et al., J. Virol., 72, 8463, 1998.).
- the third generation lentiviral vector has been described as a tat-independent lentiviral vector system that does not contain tat.
- FIG. 1-1 shows a typical configuration of a first-generation lentivirus vector system, a second-generation lentivirus vector system, and a third-generation lentivirus vector system (modified from Biochem J. J. (2012) 443, 603-618). ).
- FIG. 1-2 shows the configuration of a third-generation lentiviral vector system in which VSV-G and rev are contained in one plasmid.
- a second generation lentivirus vector system or a third generation lentivirus vector system is preferably used.
- the second generation lentiviral vector system has the advantage of high lentiviral vector production
- the third generation lentiviral vector system has the advantage of high safety.
- Tax is a transcriptional activator of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) virus gene and activates transcription factors such as AP-1, NF- ⁇ B and CREB / ATF, and the activated transcription factor Enhance lentiviral vector production by binding to binding sequences in promoters such as the CMV promoter to act on the promoter to promote expression of the plasmids that make up the lentiviral vector system cotransfected into 293T cells .
- HTLV-1 human T-cell leukemia virus type 1
- 293T cells may be co-transfected with an expression vector containing a nucleic acid encoding a Tax protein in addition to the plasmid constituting the lentivirus vector system, and co-expressed.
- an expression vector a virus vector other than a lentivirus vector, for example, an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus, a gamma retrovirus, and the like can also be used.
- the promoter in the Tax expression vector is not limited, and use a CMV promoter, CMV-i promoter (hCMV + intron promoter), SV40 promoter, EF1 ⁇ promoter, RSV promoter, ⁇ -actin promoter, CAG promoter, tissue-specific promoter, etc. Can be. Expression may be transient or constant. For constitutive expression, for example, a nucleic acid encoding a Tax protein may be integrated into the genome of 293T cells.
- HTLV-1 Tax is a powerful viral trans-acting protein, its trans-acting function, if sufficient, can be incorporated into lentiviral vector particles to elicit undesirable effects in target cells. In the method of the present invention, Tax is not incorporated into lentiviral particles.
- a transcription factor acting on a promoter such as a CMV promoter in a plasmid constituting the lentivirus vector system may be co-expressed.
- Tax can be used for lentiviral vector production. This is because Tax activates all of these transcription factors. Co-expression of small amounts of Tax significantly increases both Gag expression and lentiviral vector particle release in producer cells, and increases transduction efficiency by more than 10-fold.
- Candidate transcription factors to be activated include AP-1, NF- ⁇ B and CREB / ATF. As described above, Tax activates transcription factors such as AP-1, NF- ⁇ B and CREB / ATF, and the activated transcription factors act on promoters such as the CMV promoter.
- transcription factors may be co-expressed, and when these transcription factors are co-expressed, the amount of the transcription factors in 293T cells increases, which makes them more likely to be activated by Tax, and consequently co-transfects into 293T cells. It can be expected that the expression of the plasmid constituting the infected lentiviral vector system is promoted, and the production of the lentiviral vector is enhanced.
- NF- ⁇ B may express NF- ⁇ B RelA containing a transcription activation domain.
- Tat may be co-expressed with Tax or with Tax and a transcription factor.
- Tax and Tat By co-expressing Tax and Tat, lentivirus production is additively enhanced.
- the third-generation lentiviral vector system is a Tat-independent lentiviral vector system, but also in the third-generation lentiviral vector system, co-expression of Tax and Tat enhances lentiviral vector production.
- transcription factor and Tat can be performed in the same manner as expression of Tax. That is, an expression vector containing a nucleic acid encoding each protein may be co-transfected into 293T cells and co-expressed. At this time, a plurality of different vectors containing each of them may be used, or co-expression may be made using a vector containing two or more or all of Tax, a transcription factor and Tat. The input amount of each plasmid may be appropriately set, and the nucleic acid encoding Tax, Tat, and NF- ⁇ B ⁇ RelA may be transfected in the same amount in terms of vector amount, or in a ratio of about 2 to 3 times. .
- a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding Tax or Tat is about 0.1 ⁇ g / 12-well, and a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding NF- ⁇ B RelA is 0.1-0.2 ⁇ g / 12. It is sufficient to transfect well.
- the amount of lentivirus production increases, so that the amount of plasmids containing genes encoding proteins essential for lentivirus particle formation is reduced. be able to.
- the conventional method method of preparing lentiviral vector Hiroyuki Miyoshi http://cfm.brc.riken.jp/wp-content/uploads/Subteam_for_Manipulation_of_Cell_Fate_J/Protocols_J_files/Lentiviral%20vector%20prep.pdf
- the reason for this is that the lentiviral vector-producing cell condition is improved by reducing the amount of plasmid for expressing the lentiviral vector components, and that sufficient activation can be obtained by simply activating the CMV enhancer / promoter. Can be considered.
- the plasmid constituting the lentivirus vector system may be co-transfected into 293T cells, which are packaging cells, and Tax, or Tax and Tat and / or a transcription factor may be co-expressed.
- Tax or Tax and Tat and / or a transcription factor
- only Tax, only RelA, two types of Tax and Tat, two types of Tax and RelA, two types of Tat and RelA, and three types of Tax, Tat and RelA may be co-expressed.
- 293T (HEK293T) cells are derivatives of 293 cells (HEK293 cells), which are cell lines derived from human embryonic kidney, and are cell lines that express the SV40 Large T antigen.
- 293T cells are commercially available and can be obtained from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) or the like.
- derivative cells derived from 293T cells can also be used, and such cells include Lenti-X TM 293T cells (Takara Bio Inc.).
- such a derivative of the 293T cell is also referred to as a 293T cell.
- 293Transfection of 293T cells with the plasmid can be performed by a known method. Examples thereof include a method using a gene introduction reagent, a calcium phosphate method, a lipofection method, a DEAE dextran method, an electroporation method, and a microinjection method.
- the gene transfer reagent include polyethyleneimine (PEI, linear or branched) and commercially available gene transfer reagents.
- Gene transfer reagents include Lipofectamine (registered trademark), Lipofectamine plus (registered trademark), jet PEI (registered trademark), TransIT (registered trademark), Xfect (registered trademark), Transfectin-Lipid (registered trademark), and Oligofectamine (registered trademark). ), SiLentFect (registered trademark), DMRIE-C (registered trademark), Effectene (registered trademark), FuGENE (registered trademark), and the like.
- Polyethyleneimine (PEI) includes linear PEI and branched PEI containing primary, secondary and tertiary amines, and any of them can be used. Also, the molecular weight of PEI is not limited. Further, chemically modified PEI such as deacylation can also be used.
- the culture supernatant is recovered after several days of culture, and lentiviral particles are recovered from the culture supernatant.
- the medium and culture conditions used for culturing 293T cells are the same as those used for normal animal cell culture.
- the culture period for producing a lentivirus is, for example, 12 to 72 hours, preferably 24 to 48 hours.
- a sufficient titer means 1 ⁇ 10 5 IFU / mL or more, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 5 IFU / mL or more.
- the titer can be measured using real-time RT-PCR, P24 measurement ELISA, flow cytometry and the like.
- the amount of the obtained lentiviral vector can be confirmed by the efficiency of transducing cells.
- the amount of lentivirus produced is at least 3 times, preferably 5 times, more preferably 8 times, when the transduction efficiency into cells, for example, MT-4 cells by luciferase reporter assay is used as an index. , More preferably 12 times, further preferably 14 times, more preferably 16 times, more preferably 18 times, more preferably 20 times, further preferably 22 times, and still more preferably 24 times.
- Tax, Tat the enhancement effect when co-expressing two or three types of transcription factors is large, when Tax and Tat are co-expressed, at least 5 times, and when Tax and RelA are co-expressed, It is enhanced at least 12-fold, at least 16-fold when Tat and RelA are co-expressed, and at least 22-fold when Tax, Tat and RelA are co-expressed.
- the collected lentiviral vector can be concentrated and purified by ultracentrifugation or the like before use.
- the obtained lentiviral vector may be stored frozen.
- the lentiviral vector obtained in this manner can be used for gene transfer into mammalian cells, regardless of whether the cells are growing or cells that have stopped growing, and the introduced genes are stably integrated into the host cell genome. Thus, long-term gene expression becomes possible. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a vector for gene therapy.
- the present invention includes a reagent or a kit for enhancing the production of a lentiviral vector using 293T cells.
- the reagent or kit includes a plurality of plasmids containing a gene encoding a protein essential for the formation of the above-mentioned lentiviral particles, a gene which transcribes RNA incorporated into the lentiviral particles, and a target transgene to be expressed
- a packaging mix containing a plasmid containing lentivirus (a lentivirus vector plasmid) and an expression vector that expresses HTLV-1 Tax.
- the reagent or kit may further include an expression vector expressing a transcription factor selected from the group consisting of AP-1, NF- ⁇ B and CREB / ATF and / or an expression vector expressing HIV-1 ⁇ Tat. .
- Example 1 Materials and Methods for Enhancing Lentiviral Vector Production by HTLV-1 Tax Cells Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Nacalai Tesque) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U / ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin ) was cultured in HEK293T (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA).
- MT-4 cells were maintained in complete RPMI 1640 medium (Nacalai Tesque) supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U / ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin.
- Plasmids pCSII-CMV-MCS-IRES2-Bsd, pCAG-HIVgp, pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev were provided by RIKEN BRC through the National BioResource Project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
- pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd To generate pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd, pCSII-CMV-MCS-IRES2-Bsd and pCMV-luc were digested with XhoI and NotI.
- pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd pHCMV-VSV-G was provided by Dr. ISY Chen.
- pCMVdeltaR8.2 pCMV-Neo-Bam-Tax, pCMV-Neo-Bam are described in Yamaoka, S. et al., Cell 93, 1231-1240 (1998); Naldini, L. et al.
- pH2RneoTax, pSV2Tat and pRC / CMVRelA are respectively Yamaoka et al., EMBO J. 15, 873-87, 1996; Subramani S et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 1, 854, 1981; Schmitz and It was prepared by the method described in Baeuerle, EMBO J., 10, 3805-3817, 1991.
- the membrane was incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG (A206PS, American Qualex International Inc.) or goat anti-rat IgG (sc-2006, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and the protein was incubated with Western Lightning Plus-ECL (PerkinElmer). Visualized.
- Preparation of virus solution For production of lentivirus vector in the presence of Tax, using PEI (polyethyleneimine), 1.4 ⁇ g of pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd, 0.9 ⁇ g of pCMVdeltaR8 per 6-well plate. 2 and 0.4 ⁇ g of pHCMV-VSV-G were co-transfected with pCMV-Neo-Bam-Tax and / or pCMV-Neo-Bam. Virus in the supernatant was harvested 48 hours after transfection.
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- HIV-1 capsid The amount of HIV-1 capsid (CA) in the supernatant was quantified by HIV-1 CA (p24) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (ZeptMetrix Corporation).
- HIV-1 CA p24
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Tax, Tat or RelA were used alone, in combination of two types, or co-expressed in all three types.
- Tax, Tat or RelA alone co-expression, Tax, Tat and RelA co-expression of two, and Tax, Tat and RelA co-expression on the third-generation lentiviral vector production amount using PEI 24- 0.14 ⁇ g of pCAG-HIVgp per well plate, 0.14 ⁇ g of pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev, 0.24 ⁇ g of pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd, and their respective expression vectors or their control empty vectors (EV1, EV2 And EV3) were co-transfected with 0.05 ⁇ g.
- Luciferase Reporter Assay Approximately 2 ⁇ 10 5 MT4 cells in a 24-well plate infected with a lentiviral vector were harvested 24 hours post-infection and lysis buffer (25 mM Tris pH 7.8, 8 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM DTT, After lysis with 1% Triton-X100, 15% glycerol), luciferase activity was measured. Firefly luciferase activity was measured according to the manufacturer's protocol and the GloMax-Multi Detection System (Promega Corp.). Luciferase activity was normalized to protein concentration determined by the Bradford assay.
- Lentiviral Vector 2 ml of a 20% sucrose solution was placed in the bottom of a model SW55 ultracentrifuge tube and overlaid with 2 ml of the culture supernatant containing the lentiviral vector. The sample was then centrifuged at 35,000 rpm at 4 ° C. for 60 minutes. The pelletable fraction was resuspended in PBS (-) and subjected to Western blotting.
- HTLV-1 Tax strongly enhances lentiviral vector production.
- the production of lentiviral vectors by HEK293T cells was based on the expression of firefly luciferase (pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd), packaging plasmid (pCMV deltaR8.2) and plasmid expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (pHCMV-VSV-G ) was expressed by co-transfecting HEK293T cells with CV (control vector: empty vector).
- HTLV-1 Tax which is well known to activate several cellular transcription factors, including AP-1, NF- ⁇ B and CREB / ATF19 (Currer et al., Frontiers in Microbiology, 3, article 406, 2012).
- Tax activated the CMV promoter in HEK293 cells but not HEK293T cells (Lwa, TR et al., Biotechnology progress 27, 751-756, doi: 10.1002 /btpr.571 (2011).).
- Tax strongly activates the CMV promoter in HEK293T cells.
- 0.1 ⁇ g of pCMV-luc and 0.2 ⁇ g of pCMV-Neo-Bam-Tax (Tax) as a reporter vector or pCMV-Neo- as a control vector (CV) were added to about 2 ⁇ 10 5 HEK293T cells.
- Cotransfected with Bam. 30 ⁇ g of cell lysate was subjected to Western blotting using anti-HTLV-1 Tax or anti- ⁇ -tubulin antibodies (lower panel in FIG. 2).
- the upper panel of FIG. 2 shows the results of the luciferase assay in fold compared to CV. Bars indicate standard error calculated from three independent experiments.
- HEK293T cells Approximately 1.5 ⁇ 10 6 HEK293T cells were loaded with 0.4 ⁇ g of pHCMV-VSV-G, 0.9 ⁇ g of pCMV ⁇ R8.2 and 1.4 ⁇ g of pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd in CV or pCMV-Neo with increasing dose. -Co-transfected with one of Bam-Tax. The total amount of the effector plasmid was adjusted to 0.4 ⁇ g. 48 hours after transfection, lentiviral vector-containing culture supernatant was collected. Transduction efficiency in MT-4 cells exposed to culture supernatant was evaluated 24 hours after exposure.
- Luciferase activity was corrected using protein concentration and results are shown as folds compared to control (0 ⁇ g of pCMV-Neo-Bam-Tax). The average and standard error calculated from three independent experiments are shown. Thereafter, the results of the reporter assay were corrected using the protein concentration.
- Co-expression of Tax in lentiviral vector producing cells showed up to a 12-fold increase in lentiviral vector production, as indicated by luciferase activity in infected cells in FIG.
- the transfected cells shown in FIG. 3 were collected. 30 ⁇ g of the same set of lysates were subjected to Western blotting with anti-HTLV-1 Tax and anti- ⁇ -tubulin antibodies or anti-HIV-1p24 and anti-cyclophilin A antibodies. As shown in FIG. 4, a dose-dependent increase in Tax expression in producer cells was confirmed by Western blotting. Gag expression levels in producer cells correlated well with the results of lentiviral vector transduction.
- the concentration of HIV-1 Gag was measured using a specific ELISA.
- the amount of Gag protein in the supernatant of the transfected cells was quantified by HIV-1 ⁇ CA (p24) ELISA, and the result is shown as a fold as compared with the control (0 ⁇ g of pCMV-Neo-Bam-Tax). Means and standard errors calculated from three independent experiments are shown.
- the amount of Gag in the supernatant similarly increased in the presence of Tax and correlated well with the transduction efficiency and Gag expression level in producer cells (FIGS. 3 and 4).
- HTLV-1 Tax is a potent viral trans-acting protein, contamination of lentiviral vector particles can elicit undesirable effects in target cells if its trans-acting function is sufficient.
- the virus particles in the culture supernatant were collected by ultracentrifugation as a pellet through a sucrose cushion. That is, lentiviral particles were collected by ultracentrifugation using 20% sucrose. Then both cell lysate and pelleted virus particles were subjected to Western blotting. The same set of 30 ⁇ g lysates were subjected to western blotting with anti-HTLV-1 Tax and anti- ⁇ -tubulin antibodies or anti-HIV-1p24 and anti-cyclophilin A antibodies. As shown in FIG. 6, Tax protein was not detected by Western blotting on the pellet obtained by ultracentrifugation. This result suggests that Tax is significantly less likely to be incorporated into lentiviral vector particles.
- a transcriptional activator such as HTLV-1 Tax significantly improved lentiviral vector production by enhancing viral protein expression in producer cells (FIGS. 2-6).
- Tax enhanced reporter gene expression driven by the CMV promoter (FIG. 2) and further enhanced Gag expression in producer cells. This correlated well with the results of lentiviral vector transduction (FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the CMV promoter is a lentivirus transfer vector (pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd), a packaging plasmid (pCMVdeltaR8.2), and a plasmid (pHCMV-VSV-G) expressing an envelope. Drive.
- Example 2 Enhancement of lentiviral vector production when HTLV-1 Tax, Tat or NF- ⁇ B RelA is expressed alone or simultaneously, then, third generation lentiviral vector systems pCAG-HIVgp, pCMV-VSV-G Using -RSV-Rev and pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd, the effect of increasing lentiviral vector production by co-expression of the following combinations was examined using luciferase activity in MT4 cells as an index (FIG. 7).
- FIG. 7-1 shows the amount of the third-generation lentiviral vector produced by co-expression of Tax alone (FIG. 7-1A), co-expression of Tat alone (FIG. 7-1B), and co-expression of ⁇ RelA alone (FIG. 7-1C). Show the effect.
- FIG. 7-2 shows the third generation of co-expression of Tax, ⁇ Tat and ⁇ RelA (FIG. 7-2A; Tax and Tat, FIG. 7-2B; Tax and RelA, FIG. 7-2C; Tat and RelA). The effect on lentiviral vector production is shown.
- FIG. 7-2D shows the effect of the expression of Tax, Tat and RelA on the third-generation lentiviral vector production.
- FIG. 8 shows the structure of the pSV plasmid. (3) After 24 hours, the culture solution was replaced.
- FIG. 9 shows the structure of the transfer plasmid (expressing the genome of the viral vector containing the transgene) of (iii).
- FIG. 10 shows the results of the luciferase assay. As shown in FIG. 10, the expression level of the gene (luciferase) in the infected target cells increased by about 4 times when Tat alone was expressed, about 5 times when RelA was expressed alone, and about 11 times when both were expressed.
- Example 4 Measurement titer when co-expressing Tat, RelA, and Tat + RelA when using Venus as the reporter gene
- Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T cells were coated on a collagen-coated 24-well plate. The cells were seeded and adhered at 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well using 0.5 mL of DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum.
- HEK Human Embryonic Kidney
- Opti-MEM 30 ⁇ L of 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ L Polyethylenimine (PEI) was added, the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then added dropwise to the cells.
- PEI Polyethylenimine
- pCSII-CMV-HSVTK-IRES2-Venus was prepared by the following method. HSV amplified by PCR using pNL4-3tk (Hori et al., JVI 2013) as a template between the NheI recognition site and BamHI recognition site of CSII-CMV-RfA-IRES2-Venus (from Dr. Hiroyuki Miyoshi, RIKEN) -1 (TK) thymidine kinase (DNA) fragment was inserted.
- the primers used in the PCR were as follows.
- FIG. 11 shows the structure of the transfer plasmid (expressing the genome of the viral vector containing the transgene) of (iii).
- FIG. 12 shows an outline of a titer measurement method using Venus as a reporter gene.
- FIG. 13 and 14 show the results of the titer measurement.
- FIG. 13 shows the absolute value of the titer (the titer of the lentiviral vector)
- FIG. 14 shows the degree of increase in the titer when the titer when the control vector was used was set to 100%.
- TU Transduction Unit
- a lentiviral vector for gene transfer that can be used for gene therapy or the like can be safely and efficiently produced.
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Abstract
Description
[1] レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法であって、レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックスで293T細胞をコトランスフェクトするときに、同時にプロモーターを活性化する因子を発現させることによりレンチウイルスベクター産生量を増強させる、レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[2] プロモーターを活性化する因子が、CMVプロモーターを活性化する因子である、[1]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[3] プロモーターを活性化する因子が、HTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 Tat、NF-κB RelA、AP-1及びCREB/ATFからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数である、[1]または[2]の方法。
[4] レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法であって、レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックスを293T細胞にコトランスフェクトするときに、同時に293T細胞中でHTLV-1 TaxまたはNF-κB RelAを発現させることによりレンチウイルスベクター産生量を増強させる、[1]~[3]のいずれかのレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[5] レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法であって、レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックスで293T細胞をコトランスフェクトするときに、同時に293T細胞中でHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAからなる群から選択される2種類、あるいはHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAの3種類を発現させることによりレンチウイルスベクター産生量を増強させる、[1]~[3]のいずれかのレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[6] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、ならびにgag、pol、revおよびenvを分割して含む複数のプラスミドからなる、[4]または[5]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[7] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(1)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(2)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含み、制御遺伝子であるrevおよびtatを含んでいてもよいパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(3)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミドの3つのプラスミドからなる、[6]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[8] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミド、ならびに(D)revを含むrev発現プラスミドの4つのプラスミドからなる、[6]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[9] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベロープ発現ユニットおよびrevを含むrev発現ユニットを含むプラスミドの3つのプラスミドからなる、[6]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[10] レンチウイルスベクタープラスミド中の5'LTRおよび3'LTRが改変されている、[8]または[9]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[11] Taxがレンチウイルスベクター中に取り込まれない、[3]~[10]のいずれかのレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
[13] プロモーターを活性化する因子が、CMVプロモーターを活性化する因子である、[12]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[14] プロモーターを活性化する因子が、HTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 Tat、NF-κB RelA、AP-1及びCREB/ATFからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数である、[12]または[13]のキット。
[15] レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックス、およびHTLV-1 TaxまたはNF-κB RelAをコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを含む、[12]~[14]のいずれかの293T細胞中でレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[16] レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックス、ならびにHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAからなる群から選択される2種類、あるいはHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAの3種類をコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを含む、[12]~[14]のいずれかの293T細胞中でレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[17] HTLV-1 HIV-1 Tax、TatおよびNF-κB RelAからなる群から選択される2種類、あるいはHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAの3種類をコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターが別々のベクターである、[16]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[18] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、ならびにgag、pol、revおよびenvを分割して含む複数のプラスミドからなる、[15]~[17]のいずれかのレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[19] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(1)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(2)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含み、制御遺伝子であるrevおよびtatを含んでいてもよいパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(3)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミドの3つのプラスミドからなる、[18]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[20] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミド、ならびに(D)revを含むrev発現プラスミドの4つのプラスミドからなる、[18]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[21] パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベロープ発現ユニットおよびrevを含むrev発現ユニットを含むプラスミドの3つのプラスミドからなる、[18]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[22] レンチウイルスベクタープラスミド中の5'LTRおよび3'LTRが改変されている、[20]または[21]のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
[23] [15]~[22]のいずれかのキットに含まれるプラスミドおよびベクターを含む293T細胞。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎となる日本国特許出願番号2018-176230号の開示内容を包含する。
本発明は、レンチウイルスベクターの産生方法であり、レンチウイルスベクターの産生量を増強する方法である。
レンチウイルスベクターを製造するためには、HIV-1プロウイルスゲノムを複数のプラスミドに分割して含ませ、各プラスミドを細胞にコトランスフェクト(同時(共)トランスフェクト)させればよい。この際、ウイルスゲノムのすべてを複数のプラスミドに分割して含ませる必要はなく、アクセサリー遺伝子等の遺伝子を除いたウイルスゲノムの一部を含んでいればよい。すなわち、レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミドおよびレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミド(レンチウイルスベクタープラスミド)をパッケージング細胞にコトランスフェクトすればよい。レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質として、パッケージングに必要なgag、pol、tat、rev等のタンパク質、VSV-G(G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus:水疱性口内炎ウイルス糖タンパク質)等のエンベロープ(env)タンパク質が挙げられる。VSV-Gは、広範囲な宿主域を持ち、物理的な強度が高いという点で好ましいが、他のエンベロープを用いることができる。gag遺伝子は、内部構造(細胞間質、キャプシドおよびヌクレオキャプシド)タンパク質をコードし、pol遺伝子は、RNA依存性DNAポリメラーゼ(逆転写酵素)、プロテアーゼおよびインテグラーゼをコードし、env遺伝子は、ウイルスエンベロープ糖タンパク質をコードする。また、レンチウイルスベクタープラスミドは、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)を含み目的遺伝子を挿入したプラスミドである。
得られたレンチウイルスベクターは、凍結保存すればよい。
材料および方法
細胞
10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)、100U/mlのペニシリンおよび100μg/mlのストレプトマイシンを補充したダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(ナカライテスク)で細胞株HEK293T(Invitrogen Corp.、Carlsbad、CA)を培養した。MT-4細胞は、10%FBS、100U/mlのペニシリンおよび100μg/ mlのストレプトマイシンを補充した完全RPMI 1640培地(ナカライテスク)中に維持した。
pCSII-CMV-MCS-IRES2-Bsd、pCAG-HIVgp、pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Revは、文部科学省国立バイオ・リソース・プロジェクトを通じて理研BRCより提供された。pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsdを生成するために、pCSII-CMV-MCS-IRES2-BsdおよびpCMV-lucをXhoIおよびNotIで消化した。次いで、pCMV-luc由来のホタルルシフェラーゼ遺伝子を保持するXhoI-NotIフラグメントをpCSII-CMV-MCS-IRES2-BsdのXhoI-NotI部位に挿入した。得られたプラスミドをpCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsdと命名した。pHCMV-VSV-GはDr. I.S.Y. Chenより供与された。pCMVdeltaR8.2、pCMV-Neo-Bam-Tax、pCMV-Neo-Bamは、Yamaoka, S. et al., Cell 93, 1231-1240 (1998); Naldini, L. et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 11382-11388 (1996);Hironaka, N. et al., Neoplasia 6, 266-278, doi:10.1593/neo.03388 (2004); Baker, S. J. et al., Science 249, 912-915 (1990) に記載の方法で調製した。
また、pH2RneoTax、pSV2TatおよびpRC/CMVRelAは、それぞれ、Yamaoka et al., EMBO J. 15, 873-87, 1996; Subramani S et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 1, 854, 1981;Schmitz and Baeuerle, EMBO J., 10, 3805-3817,1991に記載の方法で調製した。
溶解緩衝液(25mM Tris, pH7.8, 8mM MgCl2,1mM DTT、1%Triton-X100,15%グリセロール)を用いて細胞溶解物を調製した。タンパク質濃度はBradfordアッセイによって決定した。タンパク質をSDS-PAGEにより分離し、ポリビニリデンジフルオリド(PVDF)膜に移し、Taxに対するマウスモノクローナル抗体(MI73)(Mori, K. et al., The Journal of general virology 68 (Pt 2), 499-506, doi:10.1099/0022-1317-68-2-499 (1987).)、HIV-1 p24に対するマウスモノクローナル抗体(39/5.4A、Abcam, Inc.)、シクロフィリンAに対するウサギポリクローナル抗体(BML-SA296、Enzo Life Sciences、Inc.)またはαチューブリンに対するマウスモノクローナル抗体(DM1A、Sigma-Aldrich Co.)と反応させた。その後、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ結合ウサギ抗マウスIgG(A206PS、American Qualex International Inc.)またはヤギ抗ラットIgG(sc-2006、Santa Cruz Biotechnology)と共に膜をインキュベートし、Western Lightning Plus-ECL(PerkinElmer)によりタンパク質を視覚化した。
Taxの存在下でのレンチウイルスベクターの産生のために、PEI(ポリエチレンイミン)を用いて6-well plate当たり1.4μgのpCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd、0.9μgのpCMVdeltaR8.2および0.4μgのpHCMV-VSV-GをpCMV-Neo-Bam-Taxおよび/またはpCMV-Neo-Bamとコトランスフェクトした。上清中のウイルスを、トランスフェクションの48時間後に収穫した。上清中のHIV-1キャプシド(CA)の量を、HIV-1 CA(p24)ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)(ZeptMetrix Corporation)によって定量した。
また、Tax、TatまたはRelAを単独で、2種類を組合せて、あるいは3種類すべてを共発現させた。Tax、TatまたはRelA単独共発現、Tax、TatおよびRelAのうち2者共発現、Tax、TatおよびRelA3者共発現での第3世代レンチウイルスベクター産生量への効果は、PEIを用いて24-well plate当たり0.14μgのpCAG-HIVgp、0.14μgのpCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev、0.24μgのpCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsdと、それぞれの発現ベクターあるいはそのコントロール空ベクター(EV1、EV2およびEV3)を0.05μgコトランスフェクトした。
レンチウイルスベクターを感染させた24穴プレート中の約2×105個のMT4細胞は、感染24時間後に回収し、溶解緩衝液(25mMトリスpH7.8, 8mM MgCl2, 1mM DTT, 1%Triton-X100, 15%グリセロール)で溶解後、ルシフェラーゼ活性を測定した。ホタルルシフェラーゼ活性は、製造元のプロトコールおよびGloMax-Multi Detectionシステム(Promega Corp.)に従って測定した。
ルシフェラーゼの活性は、Bradfordアッセイによって決定されたタンパク質濃度に対して標準化された。
2mlの20%スクロース溶液をモデルSW55超遠心チューブの底に入れ、2mlのレンチウイルスベクター含有培養上清で重層した。次いで、試料を4℃、35,000rpmで60分間遠心分離した。ペレット化可能画分をPBS(-)に再懸濁し、ウエスタンブロッティングを行った。
HTLV-1 Taxは、レンチウイルスベクター産生を強く増強する。
HEK293T細胞によるレンチウイルスベクターの産生は、ホタルルシフェラーゼ(pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd)、パッケージングプラスミド(pCMV deltaR8.2)および水疱性口内炎ウイルス糖タンパク質を発現するプラスミド(pHCMV-VSV-G)を発現することができるレンチウイルストランスファーベクターをHEK293T細胞にCV(control vector:空ベクター)とコトランスフェクトすることにより行った。
次いで、第3世代レンチウイルスベクターシステムpCAG-HIVgp、pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev、pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsdを用いて、以下の組み合わせの共発現によるレンチウイルスベクター産生増大効果を、MT4細胞におけるルシフェラーゼ活性を指標に検討した(図7)。
(1) Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T細胞をコラーゲンでコートした24-wellプレートに、0.5 mLの10%牛胎児血清入りDMEMを用いて3.0 × 105 細胞/wellで播種・接着させた。
(2) 2時間後に、以下のプラスミドをOpti-MEM(Gibco) 900μLと混合し、1μg/μL Polyethylenimine (PEI)を30μL加え30分間室温でインキュベートした後、細胞に滴下した。
(i) 0.25 μg pCAG-HIVgp
(ii) 0.125 μg pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev
(iii) 0.375 μg pCSII-CMV-luc-IRES2-Bsd
(iv) 0.05 μg pSV2TatもしくはpSV2
(v) 0.025 μg pRC/CMVRelAもしくはpRC/CMV(Invitrogen社製)
pSVプラスミドの構造を図8に示す。
(3) 24時間後、培養液を交換した。
(4) 48時間後にレンチウイルスベクターを含む培養上清を回収し、0.22μmフィルター(Millex)濾過後、直ちにそのうち100μLを用いて2 × 105 MT4細胞(ヒトT細胞株)に感染させた。
(5) 24時間後、MT4細胞を遠心回収し、TritonX 1%を含むバッファー(25mMトリスpH7.8,8mM MgCl2,1mM DTT,1%Triton-X100,15%グルセロール)50μLで溶解した。遠心後、その20μLを用いて実施例2と同様にルシフェラーゼアッセイを行い、製造元のプロトコールおよびGloMax-Multi Detectionシステムに従って測定した。
(1) Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T細胞をコラーゲンでコートした24-wellプレートに、0.5 mLの10%牛胎児血清入りDMEMを用いて3.0 × 105 細胞/wellで播種・接着させた。
(2) 2時間後に、以下のプラスミドをOpti-MEM 900μLと混合し、1μg/μL Polyethylenimine (PEI)を30μL加え30分間室温でインキュベートした後、細胞に滴下した。
(i) 0.25 μg pCAG-HIVgp
(ii) 0.125 μg pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev
(iii) 0.375 μg pCSII-CMV-HSVTK -IRES2-Venus
(iv) 0.05 μg pSV2TatもしくはpSV2
(v) 0.025 μg pRC/CMVhRelAもしくはpRC/CMV
CSII-CMV-RfA-IRES2-Venus (from Dr. Hiroyuki Miyoshi, RIKEN)のNheI認識サイトとBamHI認識サイトの間に、pNL4-3tk (Hori et al., JVI 2013) を鋳型にPCRにより増幅したHSV-1由来のTK (thymidine kinase) DNA断片を挿入した。
PCRで使用したプライマーは、以下の通りであった。
5’-TK in CSII NheI: GCTCTAGAGCTAGCATGGCTTCGTACCCCTGCCATCAACAC(配列番号3)
3’-TK in CSII BamHI: CGCGGATCCTCAGTTAGCCTCCCCCATCTCC(配列番号4)
(3) 24時間後、培養液を交換する。
(4) 48時間後にレンチウイルスベクターを含む培養上清を回収し、0.22μmフィルター濾過後、直ちに培養上清を8分の1から64分の1まで2倍ずつ段階希釈してそのうち10μL用いて1 × 105 MT4細胞(ヒトT細胞株)に感染させた。
(5) 48時間後、FACS解析装置(BECTON DICKINSON社のFACSCalibur)用いてVenus蛍光陽性細胞の割合を測定した。
配列番号2 プライマー
配列番号3 プライマー
配列番号4 プライマー
Claims (23)
- レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法であって、レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックスで293T細胞をコトランスフェクトするときに、同時にプロモーターを活性化する因子を発現させることによりレンチウイルスベクター産生量を増強させる、レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- プロモーターを活性化する因子が、CMVプロモーターを活性化する因子である、請求項1記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- プロモーターを活性化する因子が、HTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 Tat、NF-κB RelA、AP-1及びCREB/ATFからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法であって、レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックスで293T細胞をコトランスフェクトするときに、同時に293T細胞中でHTLV TaxまたはNF-κB RelAを発現させることによりレンチウイルスベクター産生量を増強させる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法であって、レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックスで293T細胞をコトランスフェクトするときに、同時に293T細胞中でHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAからなる群から選択される2種類、あるいはHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAの3種類を発現させることによりレンチウイルスベクター産生量を増強させる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、ならびにgag、pol、revおよびenvを分割して含む複数のプラスミドからなる、請求項4または5に記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(1)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(2)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含み、制御遺伝子であるrevおよびtatを含んでいてもよいパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(3)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミドの3つのプラスミドからなる、請求項6記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミド、ならびに(D)revを含むrev発現プラスミドの4つのプラスミドからなる、請求項6記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベロープ発現ユニットおよびrevを含むrev発現ユニットを含むプラスミドの3つのプラスミドからなる、請求項6記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- レンチウイルスベクタープラスミド中の5'LTRおよび3'LTRが改変されている、請求項8または9に記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- Taxがレンチウイルスベクター中に取り込まれない、請求項3~10のいずれか1項に記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生する方法。
- レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックス、およびプロモーターを活性化する因子をコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを含む、293T細胞中でレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- プロモーターを活性化する因子が、CMVプロモーターを活性化する因子である、請求項12記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- プロモーターを活性化する因子が、HTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 Tat、NF-κB RelA、AP-1及びCREB/ATFからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数である、請求項12または13に記載のキット。
- レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックス、およびHTLV-1 TaxまたはNF-κB RelAをコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを含む、請求項12~14のいずれか1項に記載の293T細胞中でレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- レンチウイルスの粒子の形成に必須であるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む複数のプラスミド、ならびにレンチウイルスの粒子に取り込まれるRNAを転写する遺伝子および発現させようとする目的導入遺伝子を含むプラスミドを含むパッケージングミックス、ならびにHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAからなる群から選択される2種類、あるいはHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAの3種類をコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを含む、請求項12~14のいずれか1項に記載の293T細胞中でレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- HTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAからなる群から選択される2種類、あるいはHTLV-1 Tax、HIV-1 TatおよびNF-κB RelAの3種類をコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターが別々のベクターである、請求項16記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、ならびにgag、pol、revおよびenvを分割して含む複数のプラスミドからなる、請求項15~17のいずれか1項に記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(1)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(2)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含み、制御遺伝子であるrevおよびtatを含んでいてもよいパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(3)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミドの3つのプラスミドからなる、請求項18記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベローププラスミド、ならびに(D)revを含むrev発現プラスミドの4つのプラスミドからなる、請求項18記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- パッケージングミックスを構成する複数のプラスミドが、(A)少なくともLTR(5'LTRおよび3'LTR)、パッケージングシグナル(Ψ)および目的導入遺伝子(トランスジーン)を含むレンチウイルスベクタープラスミド、(B)パッケージングに必要なgagおよびpolを含むパッケージングプラスミド、ならびに(C)VSV-Gをコードする遺伝子を含むエンベロープ発現ユニットおよびrevを含むrev発現ユニットの3つのプラスミドからなる、請求項18記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- レンチウイルスベクタープラスミド中の5'LTRおよび3'LTRが改変されている、請求項20または21に記載のレンチウイルスベクターを産生するためのキット。
- 請求項15~22のいずれか1項に記載のキットに含まれるプラスミドおよびベクターを含む293T細胞。
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| JP2020549114A JP7538531B2 (ja) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-20 | レンチウイルスベクター産生の増強方法 |
| US17/277,618 US20210348192A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-20 | Method for increasing lentiviral vector production |
| CN201980076169.6A CN113166782A (zh) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-20 | 增强慢病毒载体产生的方法 |
| EP19863931.2A EP3854879A4 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-20 | METHOD OF INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF LENTIVIRUS VECTORS |
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| JP2022170641A (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-10 | 沛爾生技醫藥股▲分▼有限公司 | レンチウイルスパッケージングシステム、それにより製造されたレンチウイルス、及び、該レンチウイルスで形質導入された細胞、並びに、それを使用して宿主細胞のレンチウイルスの収率を向上させる方法 |
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| CN116254298B (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-10-13 | 云舟生物科技(广州)股份有限公司 | 一种慢病毒包装试剂盒 |
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| JP2022170641A (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-10 | 沛爾生技醫藥股▲分▼有限公司 | レンチウイルスパッケージングシステム、それにより製造されたレンチウイルス、及び、該レンチウイルスで形質導入された細胞、並びに、それを使用して宿主細胞のレンチウイルスの収率を向上させる方法 |
| AU2021206846B2 (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-07-13 | Pell Bio-Med Technology Co., Ltd | Lentivirus packaging system, method for improving lentivirus production in a host cell, and method for treating cancer |
| JP2024028802A (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2024-03-05 | 沛爾生技醫藥股▲分▼有限公司 | レンチウイルスパッケージングシステム、それにより製造されたレンチウイルス、及び、該レンチウイルスで形質導入された細胞、並びに、それを使用して宿主細胞のレンチウイルスの収率を向上させる方法 |
| US11993782B2 (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2024-05-28 | PELL Bio-Med Technology Co., Ltd. | Lentivirus packaging system, lentivirus produced by the same, cell transduced by the lentivirus, method for improving lentivirus production in a host cell, and method of using the cell for treating cancer |
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| EP3854879A4 (en) | 2022-06-22 |
| EP3854879A1 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
| JP7538531B2 (ja) | 2024-08-22 |
| US20210348192A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
| CN113166782A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
| JPWO2020059848A1 (ja) | 2021-10-07 |
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