WO2020063360A1 - 一种分子筛scr催化剂制备方法及其制备的催化剂 - Google Patents

一种分子筛scr催化剂制备方法及其制备的催化剂 Download PDF

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WO2020063360A1
WO2020063360A1 PCT/CN2019/105525 CN2019105525W WO2020063360A1 WO 2020063360 A1 WO2020063360 A1 WO 2020063360A1 CN 2019105525 W CN2019105525 W CN 2019105525W WO 2020063360 A1 WO2020063360 A1 WO 2020063360A1
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molecular sieve
catalyst
scr catalyst
preparing
mol
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French (fr)
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刘志敏
冯锡
张艳华
曾东
文杰
吴干学
王瑞芳
魏宽
李云
陈启章
陈耀强
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Sinocat Environmental Technology Co Ltd
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Sinocat Environmental Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to EP19861297.0A priority Critical patent/EP3858480A4/en
Priority to US16/960,007 priority patent/US11673128B2/en
Publication of WO2020063360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063360A1/zh
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation, in particular to the technical field of molecular sieve SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction, selective catalyst reduction) catalyst preparation, and particularly relates to the preparation of a high-efficiency molecular sieve SCR catalyst for diesel vehicle exhaust gas purification and the catalyst obtained by the preparation.
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction, selective catalyst reduction
  • NOx is an important atmospheric pollutant and an important pollutant that forms photochemical smog and smog.
  • NOx in motor vehicle exhaust has received widespread attention at home and abroad, and the technology for purifying NOx in motor vehicle exhaust has also developed rapidly.
  • diesel NOx purification technology has become a hot research topic worldwide.
  • Ammonia selective catalytic reduction technology (NH 3 -SCR) is currently the most mature technology for purifying NOx in the aftertreatment of diesel vehicles.
  • the principle is that by spraying a certain proportion of urea solution at the front end of the SCR catalytic converter, ammonia gas generated by urea hydrolysis acts as a reducing agent on the catalyst surface to react with NOx in an NH 3 -SCR reaction to generate N 2 and H 2 O.
  • a particulate trap DPF
  • the SCR catalyst is usually placed after the DPF, and the DPF fuel injection is actively regenerated.
  • Cu-Fe composite molecular sieve catalysts with cheap molecular sieves as supports have excellent catalytic activity, but a large amount of by-product N 2 O is generated during the SCR reaction, which greatly limits its application in diesel vehicle aftertreatment catalysts. Therefore, using a low-cost molecular sieve material as a carrier, a wide active temperature window and high hydrothermal stability were developed, while less N 2 O was generated in the SCR reaction.
  • the environmentally-friendly SCR catalyst is the current molecular sieve SCR catalyst. Need to work hard to overcome a difficult point.
  • CN103127951A patent discloses a method for preparing a molecular sieve catalyst, which uses low-cost mesoporous / macroporous molecular sieves as a carrier material and Cu and Fe as active components.
  • the catalyst has a wide active temperature window and also exhibits Excellent anti-aging performance, but in actual application, it is found that a large amount of N 2 O is generated during the NH 3 -SCR reaction, which shows a lower N 2 selectivity.
  • N 2 O is a strong greenhouse gas.
  • countries such as Europe and the United States have imposed strict restrictions on the concentration of N 2 O in diesel vehicle exhaust, so this technical solution is subject to certain restrictions in practical industrial applications.
  • the present invention discloses an SCR catalyst with low cost, wide active temperature window, low N 2 O production, and excellent hydrothermal stability, and a preparation method thereof for denitration purification of diesel vehicle exhaust gas.
  • the first problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a catalyst composition that is harmless to the human body without using noble metals and VOx, but rather non-toxic Cu and Fe as active components.
  • the second problem to be solved by the present invention is:
  • One problem is to provide a new method for preparing molecular sieve-type SCR catalysts, which can not only maintain a wide active temperature window and high hydrothermal stability of the molecular sieve catalyst, but also effectively reduce the amount of N 2 O produced during the catalytic reaction.
  • a method for preparing a molecular sieve SCR catalyst includes the following steps:
  • Molecular sieve mixing firstly mix several kinds of molecular sieves with deionized water, and then uniformly mix and granulate by liquid spray drying;
  • the same volume of active component Fe is impregnated: the molecular sieve powder obtained in step 2 is weighed for use; the saturated water absorption per unit mass is first tested, and the total water absorption of the molecular sieve is calculated.
  • the soluble iron salt was dissolved in deionized water, and dissolved by stirring.
  • the total volume of the solution the total water absorption (volume) of the molecular sieve.
  • the ion-exchange loaded active component Cu accurately weigh the molecular sieve powder obtained in step 3 for future use. Dissolve soluble copper or iron salt in deionized water, the concentration of the solution is 0.01 ⁇ 0.6mol / L, heat to 70 ⁇ 90 °C, add the weighed molecular sieve powder under the condition of strong stirring, Ion exchange was performed in a 90 ° C constant temperature reaction kettle, and the exchange time was 2-12 hours, followed by filtering and washing, and drying;
  • Slurry coating adding the powder obtained in step 5 to water and a binder, ball milling and pulping, coating on a ceramic carrier or a metal carrier, and drying and baking to obtain a diesel vehicle molecular sieve SCR catalyst.
  • the selected molecular sieve is a Beta molecular sieve with a 12-membered ring structure or a silicalite zeolite and a CHA molecular sieve with an 8-membered ring structure.
  • the 12-membered ring aluminosilicate zeolite has a Si / Al ratio in the range of 20-100.
  • the Si / Al zeolite with 8-membered ring structure has a Si / Al ratio in the range of 10-40.
  • the molecular sieve obtained after the mixing is a mixture of two or more of Beta molecular sieve or silicoaluminophosphite, and may also be a mixture of Beta and CHA molecular sieve in different proportions, wherein the mass ratio of Beta molecular sieve to other molecular sieve is 1-50 :1.
  • the transition and / or rare earth metal for modification is one or more of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, Ni, Zn, Sn, Y, Pr, Zr, Nd, W, and La. Species. Further, the transition and rare earth metals used for the modification are: one or more of Fe, Ni, Y, Pr, Zr, Ce, Nd, W, La.
  • the transition and rare earth metal salts used in the molecular sieve modification of the present invention are selected from their respective nitrate solutions, acetate solutions, chloride solutions or sulfate solutions. The selected transition metal salt concentration is 0.01 mol / L, 0.1 mol / L, 0.2 mol / L, 0.4 mol / L or 0.5 mol / L;
  • the selected Fe salt may be FeSO 4 , Fe (NO 3 ) 3 , Fe (CH 3 COO) 3 or FeCl 3 .
  • the selected heating temperature can be 50 ° C, 60 ° C, 70 ° C, or 80 ° C.
  • the active component is calculated as Fe 3+ and accounts for 1-10% of the total mass of the molecular sieve;
  • the selected copper salt is soluble Cu (NO 3 ) 2 , Cu (CH 3 OO) 2 , CuSO 4 and CuCl 2 , and the concentration is 0.01mol / L, 0.1mol / L, 0.2mol / L, 0.4mol / L or 0.6mol / L.
  • the active component is calculated as Cu 2+ and accounts for 0.5-4.5% of the total mass of the molecular sieve;
  • the number of ion exchanges may be one or multiple.
  • a mixed molecular sieve is used as a carrier.
  • the molecular sieve carrier is first modified, and then Fe is loaded by an equal volume impregnation method, and Cu is further supported by an ion exchange method to prepare an integral diesel vehicle exhaust catalyst.
  • inexpensive molecular sieves can be used as a support, while maintaining a wide active temperature window and high hydrothermal stability of the catalyst, a smaller amount of N 2 O is generated in the catalytic reaction.
  • the molecular sieve adopted in the present invention is: firstly mixing several kinds of molecular sieves, and then subjecting them to ion exchange modification treatment by transition metal or rare earth metal, using an equal volume of impregnated load Fe, and one or more liquid ion exchange load Cu.
  • the experimental data show that mixing several molecular sieves and then modifying them can improve the anti-aging performance of the catalyst to a certain extent, and have a certain regulation effect on the oxidation performance of the molecular sieve catalyst.
  • the modified molecular sieve is firstly impregnated with an equal volume of supported Fe, and then used with liquid ion exchange to support Cu.
  • the method can ensure that the catalyst has high freshness / aging catalytic activity and effectively reduce the by-product N.
  • the formation of 2 O can also effectively adjust the active temperature window of fresh and aged samples by changing the Cu / Fe ratio.
  • the invention adopts the technology of transition and rare earth metal modification to stabilize the molecular sieve mixture, adopts equal volume impregnation method to load Fe, one or more times of liquid ion exchange to load Cu and other technologies, and obtains through stable and effective modification and load control.
  • the catalytic material undergoes a slurry coating process and is coated on a carrier substrate to make a monolithic catalyst. After fresh sample activity testing and hydrothermal aging tests, the catalyst has a wide active temperature window and is very resistant to hydrothermal aging. At the same time, the N 2 O production of the catalyst prepared by this scheme is significantly lower than that of the same type of catalyst in the previous period.
  • Figure 1 is a comparison chart of NOx conversion efficiency.
  • the abscissa indicates the temperature, and the ordinate indicates the NOx conversion efficiency, the unit is%;
  • Figure 2 shows the amount of N 2 O produced as a by-product during the SCR reaction of different catalysts.
  • the abscissa indicates the temperature, and the ordinate indicates the content of by-product N 2 O, in ppm.
  • Beta molecular sieve and SSZ-13 molecular sieve the mass ratio of the two is 3: 1, mix well, add deionized water to adjust the pulp, and then spray-dry to obtain the molecular sieve carrier material.
  • the specific pore volume of the modified molecular sieve material obtained in step 2 is detected, the La-Zeolite powder obtained in step 2 is placed in a rotary evaporator, and the soluble Fe salt solid is calculated as Fe 3+ : Fe 3+ accounts for the molecular sieve 2% of the total mass, configured as a salt solution based on the specific pore volume and Fe 3+ loading ratio.
  • the total volume of the solution the total mass of the molecular sieve * specific pore volume.
  • the solution is slowly added in the form of a spray and kept stirring. After spraying Stirring was continued for 3h and then at 70 ° C for 5h.
  • the powder was taken out, dried in an oven at 105 ° C. for 24 hours, and then baked in an air atmosphere at 550 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a dark red powder, which was recorded as Fe / La-Zeolite.
  • the powder is made into a slurry having a solid content of 30% to 35% by mass.
  • the slurry was coated on a cordierite ceramic support with a cell number of 400cell / in 2 and a volume of 38.4ml.
  • the powder was placed in an electric blast drying oven and dried, and then placed in a box resistance furnace. 1hr) ⁇ 500 ° C (3hr) to obtain SCR catalyst.
  • a commercially available molecular sieve catalyst was cut to obtain a catalyst having the same specifications as those in Example 1.
  • the obtained sample is referred to as B1.
  • a catalyst of similar composition was prepared according to the method of CN103127951A patent, using an equal volume of impregnated supported Cu and Fe.
  • the modified molecular sieve powder La-Zeolite in Example 1 was taken, and Fe and Cu were simultaneously loaded by an equal volume impregnation method. Fe and Cu respectively accounted for 2.5% of the total mass of the molecular sieve powder.
  • Other preparation conditions and catalyst coating conditions and examples 1 is the same. The resulting sample is referred to as B2.
  • Example 1 is a commercial Cu-CHA molecular sieve catalyst. Compared with B1, S1 and B2 both exhibit better low-temperature catalyst activity. In the medium-temperature region, the three are not significantly different. In the high-temperature region, S1 and B1 have similar high-temperature activities, while B2 has slightly lower high-temperature activities than S1 and B1. It can be known that the catalyst prepared by the present invention has the same active temperature window as commercial Cu-CHA, and has a higher low-temperature activity. In addition, the fresh activity of the catalyst prepared by the present invention is slightly better than the catalyst prepared by the patent CN103127951A.
  • Beta molecular sieve and SSZ-13 molecular sieve are uniformly mixed, the mass ratio of the two is 3: 1, after mixing, the slurry is adjusted and spray-dried, and then modified with a concentration of 0.2mol / L yttrium nitrate solution.
  • the slurry is adjusted and spray-dried, and then modified with a concentration of 0.2mol / L yttrium nitrate solution.
  • other catalyst preparation parameters and conditions are the same as in Example 1.
  • the obtained sample is referred to as S2.

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Abstract

一种分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法及使用该方法制备的催化剂。该方法包括将几种分子筛进行混合，再经过渡金属或稀土金属以离子交换改性处理，采用等体积浸渍负载Fe，一次或多次液态离子交换负载Cu，焙烧负载后的催化剂粉末，加入水和粘结剂，球磨制浆，涂覆在载体上，干燥焙烧得到分子筛SCR催化剂。该催化剂具有很宽的活性温度窗口，很好的抗水热老化能力，N 2O生成量较同类型的催化剂明显降低。

Description

一种分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法及其制备的催化剂 技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备技术领域，尤其属于分子筛SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction，选择性催化还原)催化剂制备技术领域，特别涉及一种用于柴油车尾气净化的高效分子筛SCR催化剂制备及其制备得到的催化剂。
背景技术
NOx是一种重要的大气污染物，是形成光化学烟雾，雾霾的一种重要污染物。随着机动车保有量的快速增长，机动车尾气中NOx受到国内外的广泛关注，对机动车尾气NOx净化的技术也得到飞速发展。随着柴油车在汽车中所占的份额不断攀升，柴油车尾气NOx净化技术已经成为世界性的热点研究课题。氨选择性催化还原技术(NH 3-SCR)是目前柴油车后处理中净化NOx最为成熟的技术。其原理是：通过在SCR催化转化器前端喷射一定比例的尿素溶液，尿素水解产生的氨气作为还原剂在催化剂表面与NOx发生NH 3-SCR反应，生成N 2和H 2O。由于国VI阶段对PM和PN提出了更为严格的要求，所以国VI阶段柴油车尾气后处理系统中必须配置颗粒捕集器(DPF)，SCR催化剂通常置于DPF之后，DPF喷油主动再生时，SCR催化剂承受的温度高达650℃，甚至在短时间内会达到750℃，此时传统V基催化剂会发生TiO 2晶相转化、VOx挥发从而导致催化剂失活，因此在国VI阶段柴油车后处理系统中传统钒基催化剂已经无法应用，需要采用耐受温度更 高的分子筛催化剂。
以廉价分子筛为载体的Cu-Fe复合分子筛催化剂具有优异的催化活性，但是在发生SCR反应过程中会产生大量副产物N 2O，这大大限制了其在柴油车尾气后处理催化剂中的应用。因此，使用成本低廉分子筛材料为载体，开发一种具有宽活性温度窗口和高水热稳定性，同时在发生SCR反应中产生较少的N 2O，对环境友好的SCR催化剂是当前分子筛SCR催化剂需要努力攻克的一个难点。
CN103127951A专利公开了一种分子筛催化剂的制备方法，以价格低廉的中孔/大孔分子筛为载体材料，以Cu和Fe为活性组分，该催化剂具有很宽的活性温度窗口，同时也表现出较优异的抗老化性能，但是，在实际应用中发现其发生NH 3-SCR反应过程中会产生大量的N 2O，表现出较低的N 2选择性。N 2O是强温室效应气体，欧美等国家已对柴油车尾气中N 2O的浓度实行严格限制，所以该技术方案在实际工业应用中受到一定的制约。
发明内容
本发明根据现有技术的不足公开了一种用于柴油车尾气脱硝净化的具有低成本、宽活性温度窗口、N 2O产生量低，同时水热稳定性优异的SCR催化剂及其制备方法。本发明要解决的第一个问题是提供一种不采用贵金属，也没有采用VOx，而是无毒的Cu和Fe作为活性组分，对人体无害的催化剂组成；本发明要解决的第二个问题是提供一种新的方法制备分子筛型SCR催化剂，既能保持分子筛催化剂宽的活性温度窗口和高的水热稳定性，同时也能有效降低催化反应过程中N 2O的生成量。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，包括以下步骤：
一、分子筛混合：将几种分子筛先加去离子水调浆，再通过液态喷雾干燥进行均匀混合，并造粒；
二、分子筛改性：将可溶解性过渡金属和/或稀土金属盐溶于去离子水中，溶液的浓度为0.01～0.5mol/L，加热至70～90℃，在保持强烈搅拌的条件下加入一定量干燥分子筛粉末，在70～90℃的恒温反应釜中进行离子交换，交换时间为2～12h，之后进行过滤洗涤，干燥；
三、等体积浸渍负载活性组分Fe：称取步骤二得到的分子筛粉末备用；先测试出其单位质量的饱和吸水量，计算得到分子筛总吸水量。将可溶解性铁盐溶于去离子水中，搅拌溶解，溶液总体积＝分子筛总吸水量(体积)。加入备好的分子筛粉末，并在旋转蒸发仪上进行常温搅拌，之后水浴加热，持续搅拌，直至粉末完全干燥，置于马弗炉中空气气氛焙烧，焙烧条件为500℃恒温3h；
四、离子交换负载活性组分Cu：准确称步骤三得到的分子筛粉末备用。将可溶解性铜或铁盐溶于去离子水中，溶液的浓度为0.01～0.6mol/L，加热至70～90℃，在保持强烈搅拌的条件下加入称量好的分子筛粉末，在70～90℃的恒温反应釜中进行离子交换，交换时间为2～12h，之后进行过滤洗涤，干燥；
五、焙烧制备催化剂粉料：将步骤四得到的分子筛粉末在空气气氛下进行焙烧处理，焙烧条件为500℃恒温3h；
六、调浆涂覆：将步骤五得到的粉料加入水和粘结剂，球磨制浆，涂覆在陶瓷载体或金属载体上，干燥焙烧，即得到柴油车分子筛SCR催化剂。
所述步骤一中，所选用的分子筛是12元环结构的Beta分子筛或硅铝盐沸石和8元环结构的CHA分子筛。所述12元环结构的硅铝盐沸石，其Si/Al比范围为20-100。所述8元环结构的硅铝盐沸石和硅铝磷沸石，其Si/Al比范围为10-40。所述混合后得到的分子筛是Beta分子筛或硅铝磷沸石中二种或多种的混合物，还可以是不同比例的Beta和CHA分子筛的混合物，其中Beta分子筛与其他分子筛的质量比例为1～50:1。
所述步骤二中，改性用过渡和/或稀土金属是：Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ce、Ni、Zn、Sn、Y、Pr、Zr、Nd、W、La中的一种或几种。进一步所述改性所用过渡和稀土金属是：Fe、Ni、Y、Pr、Zr、Ce、Nd、W、La中的一种或几种。本发明用于分子筛改性的过渡和稀土金属盐类选自其各自的硝酸盐溶液、醋酸盐溶液、氯化盐溶液或硫酸盐溶液。所选用的过渡金属盐浓度是0.01mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.2mol/L、0.4mol/L或0.5mol/L；
所述步骤三中，所选用的Fe盐可以是FeSO 4、Fe(NO 3) 3、Fe(CH 3COO) 3或FeCl 3。旋转蒸发仪水浴加热搅拌时，所选用的加热温度可以是50℃、60℃、70℃或80℃。活性组分以Fe 3+计算，占分子筛总质量的1-10％；
所述步骤四中，所选用的铜盐为可溶性的Cu(NO 3) 2、Cu(CH 3OO) 2、CuSO 4和CuCl 2，浓度是0.01mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.2mol/L、0.4mol/L或0.6mol/L。活性组分以Cu 2+计算，占分子筛总质量的0.5-4.5％；
所述分子筛通过离子交换改性步骤(2)和离子交换负载活性组分Cu 步骤(4)中，离子交换的次数可以1次，也可以是多次。
本发明采用混合分子筛作为载体，对分子筛载体先进行改性处理，再采用等体积浸渍法负载Fe，继续采用离子交换法负载Cu，制备出整体式柴油车尾气催化剂。通过该催化剂制备技术可以使用价格低廉的分子筛作为载体，在保持催化剂宽活性温度窗口和高水热稳定性的同时，在催化反应中产生更少量的N 2O。
本发明有益性如下：
本发明所采用的分子筛是：首先将几种分子筛进行混合，再经过渡金属或稀土金属以离子交换改性处理，采用等体积浸渍负载Fe，一次或多次液态离子交换负载Cu。实验数据表明将几种分子筛进行混合后再进行改性处理，可以在一定程度上提高催化剂的抗老化性能，并且对分子筛催化剂的氧化性能具有一定的调控作用。
本发明在改性分子筛上先采用等体积浸渍负载Fe，再采用液态离子交换负载Cu，经过研究实验论证，该方法能够保障催化剂具有高的新鲜/老化催化活性的基础上，有效降低副产物N 2O的生成，同时，通过改变Cu/Fe比例，还可以有效调节其新鲜和老化样品活性温度窗口。
本发明采用过渡和稀土金属改性稳定分子筛混合物的技术，采用等体积浸渍法负载Fe，一次或多次液态离子交换负载Cu等技术相结合，并通过稳定、有效的改性和负载控制，得到的催化材料经过调浆涂覆工序，涂覆在载体基体上制成整体式催化剂；经过新鲜样品活性测试和水热老化测试，该催化剂具有很宽的活性温度窗口，很好的抗水热老化能力，同时该方案 制备的催化剂的N 2O生成量较前期同类型的催化剂明显降低。通过该方案的实施能够有效解决同类催化剂净化柴油车尾气中有毒副产物N 2O较高的难题，同时该催化剂还能够满足柴油车尾气催化剂对于宽活性温度窗口和高水热稳定性的需求，具有重要的现实意义。
附图说明
图1是NOx转化效率对比图。图中，横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示NOx转化效率，单位％；
图2是不同催化剂在SCR反应过程中的生成的副产物N 2O的量。图中，横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示副产物N 2O的含量，单位ppm。
具体实施方式
下面通过实例对本发明进行具体的描述，本实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步的说明，但不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的技术人员根据上述本发明的内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整也属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一、载体分子筛原材料的制备。
取Beta分子筛和SSZ-13分子筛，二者的质量比为3:1，混合均匀后，加去离子水进行调浆，之后进行喷雾干燥，得到分子筛载体材料。
二、载体分子筛材料改性处理
配置1000mL硝酸镧溶液，溶液中La 3+的浓度为0.5mol/L，加热至70℃，在保持强烈搅拌的情况下加入50g载体分子筛粉料，在70℃的恒温反应釜 中进行离子交换，交换时间为10h。得到的浆液进行过滤，去离子水洗涤三次，所得分子筛泥块进行干燥处理，干燥温度105℃，空气气氛，干燥时间为24h，干燥后的分子筛泥块，进行捻细，过40目筛。得到的粉料记做La-Zeolite。
三、等体积浸渍负载Fe
检测步骤二得到的改性分子筛材料的比孔容，将步骤二得到的La-Zeolite粉料置于旋转蒸发仪中，将可溶解性Fe盐固体以Fe 3+来计算：Fe 3+占分子筛总质量的2％，根据比孔容和Fe 3+的负载比例配置成盐溶液，溶液的总体积＝分子筛总质量﹡比孔容，溶液以喷雾的形式缓慢加入，并保持搅拌，喷完后继续搅拌3h，然后在70℃继续搅拌5h。取出粉料，置于105℃烘箱中干燥24h，再在550℃空气气氛中焙烧3h，得到暗红色粉末，记作Fe/La-Zeolite。
四、离子交换负载Cu
配置500mL硝酸铜溶液，溶液中Cu 2+的浓度为0.6mol/L，加热至70℃，在保持强烈搅拌的情况下加入50g③所得的Fe/La-Zeolite，在70℃的恒温反应釜中进行离子交换，交换时间为4h。得到的浆液进行过滤，采用去离子水洗涤三次，再进行干燥处理，干燥温度105℃，空气气氛，干燥时间为24h，干燥后的分子筛泥块，进行捻细，过40目筛。重复离子交换Cu操作3次。得到的分子筛粉料进行空气气氛下焙烧处理，焙烧曲线为：从室温→300℃(1hr)→500℃(3hr)自然降至室温，得到红色粉末。
将上述粉料制成固含量为质量百分比含量30％～35％的浆料。将浆料涂 覆在孔目数400cell/in 2，体积为38.4ml堇青石陶瓷载体上，放入电热鼓风干燥箱干燥后，再放入箱式电阻炉内，按照从室温→300℃(1hr)→500℃(3hr)焙烧后即得到SCR催化剂。
比较例1
将市场上在售的分子筛催化剂进行切割，取规格与实施例1中规格相同的催化剂。所得样品记作B1。
比较例2
为了进行横向比较，验证本发明制备的催化剂与类似负载方法制备的催化剂的性能，按照CN103127951A专利的方法，采用等体积浸渍负载Cu和Fe的方法制备了类似组成的催化剂。取实施例1中的改性分子筛粉末La-Zeolite，采用等体积浸渍法同时负载Fe和Cu，Fe和Cu分别占分子筛粉末总质量的2.5％,其他制备条件和催化剂涂覆等条件和实施例1相同。所得样品记作B2。
实施例1(S1)、比较例1(B1)和比较例2(B1)的NOx转化效率对比如图1所示。B1为商用Cu-CHA分子筛催化剂，与B1相比，S1和B2均表现出更优的低温催化剂活性，在中温区域，三者没有明显差异。而在高温区域，S1和B1具有相似的高温活性，而B2的高温活性稍低于S1和B1。由此可知，本发明制备的催化剂在活性温度窗口与商用Cu-CHA相同，并且具有更高的低温活性。另外，本发明制备的催化剂的新鲜活性稍优于专利CN103127951A制备的催化剂。
实施例2
将Beta分子筛和SSZ-13分子筛进行均匀混合，二者的质量比为3:1，混合均匀后进行调浆、喷雾干燥，再采用浓度为0.2mol/L硝酸钇溶液进行改性处理，之后进行等体积浸渍负载Fe和离子交换负载Cu，除了分子筛改性所用的盐种类差异外，其他催化剂制备参数、条件和实施例1相同。所得样品记作S2。
对比S1、S2和B2催化剂在SCR反应过程中的生成的副产物N2O的量如图2所示，与B2相比，采用本发明制备的催化剂在催化还原NOx过程中产生的N 2O的量降低了近50％，明显提高其N 2选择性，由此可知，采用本发明的催化剂制备技术制备的催化剂的N 2O生成量明显降低，具有重要的应用前景。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    (1)分子筛混合：将几种分子筛先加去离子水调浆，再通过液态喷雾干燥进行均匀混合后造粒；
    (2)分子筛改性：将可溶解性过渡金属和/或稀土金属盐溶于去离子水中，溶液的浓度为0.01～0.5mol/L，加热至70～90℃，在搅拌的条件下加入步骤(1)制备的分子筛粉末，在70～90℃的恒温反应釜中进行离子交换，交换时间为2～12h，过滤洗涤，干燥；
    (3)等体积浸渍负载活性组分Fe：称取步骤(2)得到的分子筛粉末备用，先测试出其单位质量分子筛饱和吸水量，计算得到总吸水量，将可溶解性铁盐溶于去离子水中，搅拌溶解，溶液总体积＝分子筛总吸水量；加入备好的分子筛粉末，并在旋转蒸发仪上进行常温搅拌，之后水浴加热，持续搅拌，直至分子筛粉末完全干燥；置于马弗炉中焙烧，焙烧条件为500℃恒温3h；
    (4)离子交换负载活性组分Cu：准确称步骤(3)得到的分子筛粉末备用；将可溶解性铜或铁盐溶于去离子水中，溶液的浓度为0.01～0.6mol/L，加热至70～90℃，在搅拌的条件下加入称量好的分子筛，在70～90℃的恒温反应釜中进行离子交换，交换时间为2～12h，过滤洗涤，干燥；
    (5)焙烧制备催化剂粉料：将步骤(4)得到的分子筛粉末焙烧，焙烧条件为500℃恒温3h；
    (6)调浆涂覆：将步骤(5)得到的分子筛粉料加水和粘结剂，球磨制浆，涂覆在陶瓷载体或金属载体上，干燥焙烧，得到分子筛SCR催化剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：所述分子筛混合步骤(1)中，所选用分子筛包括12元环结构和8元环结构的分子筛；12元环结构包括Beta分子筛或/和硅铝盐沸石，8元环结构包括CHA分子筛；所述12元环结构的硅铝盐沸石，其Si/Al质量比为20-100；所述8元环结构的硅铝盐沸石和硅铝磷沸石，其Si/Al质量比为10-40；所述混合后得到的分子筛是Beta分子筛或硅铝磷沸石中二种或多种的混合物，或是Beta分子筛和CHA分子筛的混合物，其中Beta分子筛与其他分子筛的质量比例为1～50:1。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：所述分子筛改性步骤(2)中改性用过渡金属和/或稀土金属是：Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ce、Ni、Zn、Sn、Y、Pr、Zr、Nd、W、La中的一种或几种，溶液以总金属离子计浓度是0.01mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.2mol/L、0.4mol/L或0.5mol/L。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：所述分子筛改性步骤(2)中，所述改性所用过渡金属和/或稀土金属是：Fe、Ni、Y、Pr、Zr、Ce、Nd、W、La中的一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：所述改性分子筛等体积浸渍负载Fe步骤(3)中，所选用的Fe盐是FeSO 4、Fe(NO 3) 3、Fe(CH 3COO) 3或FeCl 3，旋转蒸发仪水浴加热搅拌时，所选用的加热温度是50℃、60℃、70℃或80℃；其中，活性组分以Fe 3+计算，占分子筛总质量的1～10％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：所述 分子筛离子交换负载活性组分Cu步骤(4)中，所选用的铜盐为可溶性的Cu(NO 3) 2、Cu(CH 3OO) 2、CuSO 4或CuCl 2,盐浓度是0.01mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.2mol/L、0.4mol/L或0.6mol/L；活性组分以Cu 2+计算，占分子筛总质量的0.5-4.5％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的分子筛SCR催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：所述分子筛通过离子交换改性步骤(2)和离子交换负载活性组分Cu步骤(4)中，交换的次数是1次或多次。
  8. 一种分子筛SCR催化剂，其特征在于：所述催化剂是权利要求1至8任一项所述方法制备的催化剂。
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