WO2020073321A1 - 一种天线及无线设备 - Google Patents

一种天线及无线设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073321A1
WO2020073321A1 PCT/CN2018/110076 CN2018110076W WO2020073321A1 WO 2020073321 A1 WO2020073321 A1 WO 2020073321A1 CN 2018110076 W CN2018110076 W CN 2018110076W WO 2020073321 A1 WO2020073321 A1 WO 2020073321A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
spiral arm
feeding point
radio frequency
point
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/110076
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗昕
陈一
张传安
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2018/110076 priority Critical patent/WO2020073321A1/zh
Priority to CN201880098008.2A priority patent/CN112823447B/zh
Priority to JP2021515014A priority patent/JP7099795B2/ja
Priority to EP18936419.3A priority patent/EP3843204B1/en
Publication of WO2020073321A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073321A1/zh
Priority to US17/226,637 priority patent/US11217882B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna and a wireless device.
  • WIFI wireless broadband
  • array antennas are currently used.
  • array antennas take up a lot of space, which brings great difficulties to engineering installation.
  • the spiral antenna is a high-gain antenna with a small occupied area. It is different from the array antenna which depends on the number of array elements (that is, the array size) to increase the gain, but uses the height of the spiral to increase the gain.
  • the helical antenna includes a metal spiral 01 with good conductivity and a cylindrical insulating medium 02.
  • the metal spiral 01 is coiled around the spiral axis N.
  • the helical antenna is fed by the coaxial wire 03, the core wire of the coaxial wire 03 is connected to one end of the metal spiral wire 01, and the outer conductor of the coaxial wire 03 is connected to the ground plate 04.
  • the radiation direction of the helical antenna is related to the circumference of the metal spiral 01 (that is, the cross-sectional circumference of the cylindrical insulating medium 02).
  • the direction of the strongest radiation is perpendicular to the spiral axis N; when the circumference of the metal spiral 01 is of the order of a wavelength, the strongest radiation appears in the direction of the spiral axis N on.
  • the polarization direction of the single-arm helical antenna is circular polarization.
  • the antenna on the phone is linearly polarized. If the wifi device uses a circularly polarized antenna, the received power of the mobile phone will be reduced by 3dB.
  • the prior art has a single linearly polarized double-arm helical antenna.
  • the antenna is composed of two metal helical arms.
  • the first metal helical arm and the second metal helical arm are wound from a symmetrical position. Overlapping parts appear every half circle.
  • the feed port is set at the center of the bottom of the spiral line, and is connected to the starting points of the left-handed spiral arm and the right-handed spiral arm through the microstrip line, respectively.
  • the polarization directions of the two metal spiral arms are different, the polarization direction of the first metal spiral arm is left-handed circular polarization, and the polarization direction of the second metal spiral arm is right-handed circular polarization, and the two are superimposed to form a linear polarization.
  • the above double-arm helical antenna has only one linear polarization direction. If the device requires two orthogonal linearly polarized antennas to achieve polarization diversity or polarization multiplexing, then two such antennas are needed, one rotated 90 ° relative to the other. This will undoubtedly increase the equipment cost and occupy space.
  • the antenna and the wireless device provided by the embodiments of the present application solve the problem that the existing linearly polarized helical antenna has only one linearly polarized direction, and if two linearly polarized directions are to be realized, the problem of higher cost and larger space is required .
  • this application provides an antenna, including:
  • a first spiral arm which is coiled clockwise along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna
  • a second spiral arm which is coiled counterclockwise along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna
  • the second spiral arm and the first spiral arm form at least one intersection point.
  • the first spiral arm is provided with a first feeding point
  • the second spiral arm is provided with a second feeding point.
  • the first feeding point and the second feeding point are two points symmetrical with respect to the axis of the antenna, and any one of the at least one intersection point forms a third feeding point;
  • a first feeding port, the first feeding port is respectively connected to the first feeding point and the second feeding point;
  • a second feeding port, the second feeding port is connected to the third feeding point.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application adopts two spiral arms with opposite winding directions, and three feed points are provided on the antenna, wherein the first feed point and the second feed point are connected to the first feed Port, the third feed point is connected to the second feed port, so that the helical antenna can be fed at different positions, so that the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization produce two different starting directions, thereby synthesizing the two
  • This kind of linear polarization wave can meet the requirements of polarization diversity or polarization multiplexing.
  • the solution of the present application can realize linear polarization waves in two different directions by using one antenna, thereby saving equipment cost and occupying space.
  • the closest feed point and The intersection point of the second feeding point is the third feeding point.
  • the starting end of the first spiral arm and the starting end of the second spiral arm coincide to form an intersection point.
  • the overlapping intersection point of the starting end of the first spiral arm and the starting end of the second spiral arm may be set as the third feeding point.
  • the point where the starting end of the first spiral arm is clockwise 90 degrees along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna is set as the first feeding point; the starting end of the second spiral arm is anticlockwise along the antenna
  • the point where the longitudinal direction of the axis of the winding is 90 degrees is set as the second feeding point, whereby the cross polarization isolation of the two linear polarizations can be improved, thereby making the two linear polarizations more pure.
  • the start end of the first spiral arm and the start end of the second spiral arm do not coincide
  • the start end of the first spiral arm and the start end of the second spiral arm are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the antenna
  • the starting end of the first spiral arm can be set as the first feeding point
  • the starting end of the second spiral arm can be set as the second feeding point
  • the third feeding point can be the distance from the first The closest intersection of the starting end of the spiral arm and the starting end of the second spiral arm.
  • a supporting column made of insulating material may also be provided, the axis of the supporting column coincides with the axis of the antenna, and the first spiral arm is wound clockwise along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna around the support On the side wall of the column, the second spiral arm is wound counterclockwise along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna on the side wall of the support column.
  • the support column can form an effective support for the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm, so that the overall structure of the antenna is more stable, and it is not likely to be deformed or damaged.
  • the first feed port may be respectively connected to the first feed point and the second feed point through a power splitter, and the input end of the power splitter is connected to the first feed port, the One output terminal is connected to the first feeding point, and the other output terminal of the power splitter is connected to the second feeding point.
  • the power splitter may include a coaxial line, a first microstrip line, and a second microstrip line, wherein one end of the first microstrip line is connected to the first end of the coaxial line, and the first microstrip line The other end of the strip line is connected to the first feeding point, one end of the second microstrip line is connected to the first end of the coaxial line, and the other end of the second microstrip line is connected to the second feeding point, coaxial The second end of the line is connected to the first feed port.
  • the electrical length of the first microstrip line, the electrical length of the second microstrip line, the electrical length from the starting end of the first spiral arm to the first feeding point, and the initial end of the second spiral arm to The electrical lengths of the second feeding points are all equal.
  • the antenna further includes a ground plate, the starting end of the first spiral arm and the starting end of the second spiral arm are both disposed near the ground plate, and the coaxial line includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and the outer conductor is disposed at The inner conductor is outside and electrically isolated from the inner conductor, the inner conductor is connected to the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line respectively, and the outer conductor is connected to the ground plate.
  • the present application also provides a wireless device, including a baseband, a radio frequency module, a cable, and an antenna.
  • the radio frequency module is respectively connected to the baseband and the antenna through a cable.
  • the antenna is the antenna disclosed in the first aspect, wherein the baseband is used to convert the digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal and send it to the radio frequency module; the radio frequency module is used to convert the intermediate frequency analog signal into The radio frequency signal is sent to the antenna; the antenna is used to convert the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal and radiate it into space.
  • the radio frequency module converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and sending it to the antenna includes: converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal; sequentially amplifying and filtering the radio frequency signal to obtain the processed radio frequency Signal; sending the processed radio frequency signal to the antenna; the antenna converting the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal includes: converting the processed radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal.
  • the wireless device provided by the embodiment of the present application, because the antenna in the wireless device uses two spiral arms with opposite winding directions, and three feeding points are provided on the antenna, wherein the first feeding point and the second feeding point The point is connected to the first feed port, and the third feed point is connected to the second feed port, so that the helical antenna can be fed at different positions, causing two different types of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.
  • Starting direction thus synthesizing two linear polarizations to meet the requirements of polarization diversity or polarization multiplexing.
  • the solution of the present application can realize two different linear polarization directions by using one antenna, thereby saving equipment cost and occupying space.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a single-arm helical antenna
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another implementation manner of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application after a ground plate is provided;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship of wireless devices according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application relate to antennas and microwave transmission equipment. The following briefly describes the concepts involved in the above embodiments:
  • An antenna is a converter that transforms the guided waves propagating on the transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa.
  • a helical antenna is an antenna with a helical shape. It consists of a metal spiral wire with good electrical conductivity, usually fed by a coaxial wire, the core of the coaxial wire is connected to one end of the spiral wire, and the outer conductor of the coaxial wire is connected to the grounded metal mesh (or board) connection.
  • the radiation direction of the spiral antenna is related to the circumference of the spiral. When the circumference of the spiral is much smaller than a wavelength, the direction of the strongest radiation is perpendicular to the spiral axis; when the circumference of the spiral is of the order of a wavelength, the strongest radiation appears in the direction of the spiral axis.
  • Polarization direction The polarization direction of the antenna is defined by the spatial orientation of the electric field intensity vector of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in the direction of maximum radiation, and is a parameter describing the spatial direction of the antenna radiated electromagnetic wave vector. Since the electric field and the magnetic field have a constant relationship, the space direction of the electric field vector is generally used as the polarization direction of the antenna radiating electromagnetic waves.
  • Linear polarization The polarization in which the orientation of the electric field vector in space is fixed is called linear polarization.
  • Circular polarization the angle between the polarization plane and the normal plane of the earth changes periodically from 0 to 360 degrees, that is, the size of the electric field is constant, and the direction changes with time.
  • the trajectory of the end of the electric field vector is on a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation When the projection is a circle, it is called circular polarization.
  • Right-hand circular polarization If the polarization plane rotates with time and forms a right-handed spiral relationship with the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, it is called right-hand circular polarization.
  • Left-hand circular polarization If the polarization plane rotates with time and forms a left-handed spiral relationship with the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, it is called left-hand circular polarization.
  • Polarization diversity is to transmit the same signal with different polarizations, the purpose is to increase the reliability of signal transmission.
  • Polarization multiplexing is to transmit different signals with different polarizations, the purpose is to increase the transmission capacity.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna including a first spiral arm 1 and a second spiral arm 2, the first spiral arm 1 is clockwise coiled along the longitudinal direction of the axis L of the antenna, and the second spiral The arm 2 is wound counterclockwise along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna; the second spiral arm 2 and the first spiral arm 1 form a plurality of intersection points (3a, 3b, 3c), and the first spiral arm 1 is provided with a first feed Point 11, the second spiral arm 2 is provided with a second feeding point 21, the first feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 21 are two points symmetrical with respect to the axis of the antenna, the at least one intersection point ( One of the intersection points 3a of 3a, 3b, 3c) forms a third feeding point; wherein, the first feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 21 are connected to the first feeding port A, and the third feeding point is connected to The second feed port B.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application adopts two spiral arms with opposite winding directions, and three feeding points are provided on the antenna, wherein the first feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 21 are connected to the first Feed port A, the third feed point is connected to the second feed port B, so that the helical antenna can be fed at different positions, resulting in two different starting directions for left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization , Thereby synthesizing two linearly polarized waves to meet the requirements of polarization diversity or polarization multiplexing.
  • the solution of the present application can realize linear polarization waves in two different directions by using one antenna, thereby saving equipment cost and occupying space.
  • the third feeding point may be selected as any one of the intersection points (3a, 3b, 3c) formed by the second spiral arm 2 and the first spiral arm 1, in order to prevent two linearly polarized antennas If a large phase difference occurs, you can select the closest to the first feed point 11 and the second feed point 21 among the intersection points (3a, 3b, 3c) formed by the second spiral arm 2 and the first spiral arm 1
  • the intersection point is the third feeding point. Thereby, the phase difference generated by the antennas of the two linear polarization directions can be minimized.
  • the intersection point 3 a closest to the first feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 21 may be selected as the third feeding point.
  • the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 and the starting end of the second spiral arm 2 may or may not coincide.
  • the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 and the starting end of the second spiral arm 2 coincide to form an intersection point 3a.
  • the overlapping intersection point 3a of the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 and the starting end of the second spiral arm 2 may be set as the third feeding point.
  • the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 can be aligned
  • the point where the hour hand is wound 90 degrees along the longitudinal direction of the antenna axis is set as the first feeding point 11; the point where the starting end of the second spiral arm 2 is wound 90 degrees counterclockwise along the longitudinal direction of the antenna axis is set as the first
  • the second feed point 21 can thereby improve the isolation of the cross-polarization of the two linear polarizations, thereby making the two linear polarizations more pure.
  • an XYZ coordinate system can be established in FIG.
  • the point 3a is divided into two.
  • the current d1 enters the first spiral arm 1 and the current d2 enters the second spiral arm 2.
  • the current d1 and the current d2 flow in opposite directions.
  • the second spiral arm 2 generates right-handed circular polarization, and the current starting direction of the two is opposite, so the linearly polarized wave in the Y direction can be superimposed and synthesized.
  • the two microstrip lines of the power splitter form two currents e1 and e2 in opposite directions.
  • the current e1 and the current e2 enter the first When one feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 21, the current e1 and the current e2 have the same direction.
  • the first spiral arm 1 generates left-handed circular polarization
  • the second spiral arm 2 generates right-handed circular polarization, and the starting directions of the two are the same, and the X-directional linearly polarized waves are superimposed and synthesized. Thereby, two linearly polarized waves perpendicular to each other can be formed.
  • the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 and the starting end of the second spiral arm 2 may not coincide, the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 and the second spiral
  • the starting end of the arm 2 is two points symmetrical with respect to the axis of the antenna.
  • the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 may be set as the first feeding point 11, and the starting end of the second spiral arm 2
  • the second feeding point 21 is set, and the third feeding point may be an intersection point closest to the starting end of the first spiral arm 1 and the starting end of the second spiral arm 2.
  • the support wire may not be provided, and the copper wire may be directly bent into a spiral shape, that is, the spiral may be maintained Shape.
  • a support post 5 made of an insulating material may also be provided.
  • the axis of the support post 5 coincides with the axis of the antenna.
  • a spiral arm 1 is wound clockwise along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna around the side wall of the support column 5
  • a second spiral arm 2 is wound counterclockwise along the longitudinal direction of the axis of the antenna around the side wall of the support column 5 . Therefore, the support column 5 can effectively support the first spiral arm 1 and the second spiral arm 2, so that the overall structure of the antenna is more stable, and it is less likely to be deformed or damaged.
  • the first feed port A may be connected to the first feed point 11 and the second feed point 21 through the power splitter 4, respectively, and the input end of the power splitter 4 is connected to the first feed port A
  • One output terminal of the power splitter 4 is connected to the first feeding point 11, and the other output terminal of the power splitter 4 is connected to the second feeding point 21.
  • the power splitter 4 may include a coaxial line 41, a first microstrip line 42 and a second microstrip line 43, wherein one end of the first microstrip line 42 is connected to the The first end is connected, the other end of the first microstrip line 42 is connected to the first feeding point 11, one end of the second microstrip line 43 is connected to the first end of the coaxial line 41, the second microstrip line 43 The other end of is connected to the second feeding point 21, and the second end of the coaxial line 41 is connected to the first feeding port A.
  • the electrical length of the first microstrip line 42, the electrical length of the second microstrip line 43, the electrical length from the beginning of the first spiral arm 1 to the first feeding point 11 and the beginning of the second spiral arm 2 to The electrical length of the second feeding point 21 may be all equal.
  • the first microstrip line 42 and the second microstrip line 43 may also be replaced by a strip line, which is not limited herein.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes a ground plate 6.
  • the start end of the first spiral arm 1 and the start end of the second spiral arm 2 are both disposed near the ground plate 6.
  • the coaxial line includes The conductor and the outer conductor are arranged outside the inner conductor and electrically isolated from the inner conductor, the inner conductor is connected to the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line respectively, and the outer conductor is connected to the ground plate 6.
  • the wireless device includes a baseband 100, a radio frequency module 200, a cable 300, and an antenna 400.
  • the radio frequency module 200 is respectively connected to the baseband 100 and the antenna 400 through the cable 300, and the antenna 400 is the antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the baseband 100 is used to convert the digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal and send it to the radio frequency module 200;
  • the radio frequency module 200 is used to convert the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and send it to the antenna 400;
  • the antenna 400 is used to convert radio frequency signals into electromagnetic wave signals and radiate into space.
  • the radio frequency module 200 converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and sending it to the antenna 400 includes:
  • the RF signal is sequentially amplified and filtered to obtain the processed RF signal;
  • the antenna 400 converts radio frequency signals to electromagnetic wave signals including:
  • the wireless device provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a microwave device, a base station, a WiFi device, or the like.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种天线及无线设备，涉及天线技术领域，该天线包括第一螺旋臂和第二螺旋臂，第一螺旋臂顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕，第二螺旋臂逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕；第二螺旋臂与第一螺旋臂形成至少一个相交点，第一螺旋臂上设有第一馈电点，第二螺旋臂上设有第二馈电点，第一馈电点与第二馈电点为相对于天线的轴线对称的两个点，所述至少一个相交点中的任意一个相交点还形成有第三馈电点；其中，第一馈电点和第二馈电点连接于第一馈电端口，第三馈电点连接于第二馈电端口。

Description

一种天线及无线设备 技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线及无线设备。
背景技术
随着现代通信技术的高速发展，人们使用无线宽带(WIreless-Fidelity，WIFI)的频率越来越高，目前在机场、车站、大型场馆等公共场所都已经提供了WIFI的接入覆盖，这些区域的特点是人员密集，并发连接数量多，所以需要高增益、窄波束的定向天线将信号集中到一定区域内。
为了实现高增益和窄波束，目前通常采用阵列天线的形式，但是，阵列天线占用空间较大，因此给工程安装带来较大困难。
螺旋天线是一种占用面积较小的高增益天线，它不同于阵列天线依靠阵元数量(即阵列尺寸)提高增益，而是利用螺旋高度提高增益。如图1所示。螺旋天线包括导电性能良好的金属螺旋线01和圆柱形绝缘介质02，金属螺旋线01围绕螺旋轴线N盘绕。螺旋天线用同轴线03馈电，同轴线03的心线和金属螺旋线01的一端相连接，同轴线03的外导体则和接地板04相连接。螺旋天线的辐射方向与金属螺旋线01圆周长(即圆柱形绝缘介质02的横截面周长)有关。当金属螺旋线01的圆周长比一个波长小很多时，辐射最强的方向垂直于螺旋轴线N；当金属螺旋线01圆周长为一个波长的数量级时，最强辐射出现在螺旋轴线N的方向上。但是，单臂螺旋天线的极化方向是圆极化。而手机上的天线是线极化。如果wifi设备使用圆极化天线，则手机接收功率就会降低3dB。
现有技术有一种单一线极化的双臂螺旋天线，该天线由两条金属螺旋臂构成，第一金属螺旋臂和第二金属螺旋臂从对称位置开始缠绕，一个左旋，一个右旋，每隔半圈出现交叠部分。馈电端口设置在螺旋线底部圆心位置，通过微带线分别与左旋螺旋臂和右旋螺旋臂的起始点相连。两条金属螺旋臂的极化方向不同，第一金属螺旋臂极化方向为左旋圆极化，第二金属螺旋臂极化方向为右旋圆极化，二者叠加形成一种线极化。
但是，上述双臂螺旋天线只有一种线极化方向。如果设备需要两个正交的线极化天线实现极化分集或者极化复用，那么就需要两个这样的天线，一个相对另外一个旋转90°放置。这样无疑增加了设备成本和占用空间。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供的天线及无线设备，解决了现有的线极化螺旋天线只有一种线极化方向，若要实现两个线极化方向则导致成本较高占用空间较大的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供一种天线，包括：
第一螺旋臂，所述第一螺旋臂顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕；
第二螺旋臂，所述第二螺旋臂逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕；
所述第二螺旋臂与所述第一螺旋臂形成至少一个相交点，所述第一螺旋臂上设有第一馈电点，所述第二螺旋臂上设有第二馈电点，所述第一馈电点与所述第二馈电点为相对于所述天线的轴线对称的两个点，所述至少一个相交点中的任意一个相交点形成第三馈电点；
第一馈电端口，所述第一馈电端口分别与所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点连接；
第二馈电端口，所述第二馈电端口与所述第三馈电点连接。
本申请实施例提供的天线，采用了两个盘绕方向相反的螺旋臂，并且在天线上设置了三个馈电点，其中，第一馈电点和第二馈电点连接至第一馈电端口，第三馈电点连接至第二馈电端口，由此可对螺旋天线在不同位置馈电，使左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化产生两种不同的起始方向，从而合成两种线极化波，以满足极化分集或者极化复用的要求。本申请的方案采用一个天线即可实现两种不同方向的线极化波，从而节省了设备成本和占用空间。
在可能的实现方式中，为了防止两种线极化方向的天线产生较大的相位差，可在第二螺旋臂与第一螺旋臂形成的相交点中，选择最靠近第一馈电点和第二馈电点的相交点为第三馈电点。由此，可使两种线极化方向的天线产生的相位差最小。
在可能的实现方式中，第一螺旋臂的起始端和第二螺旋臂的起始端重合形成相交点。此时，可将第一螺旋臂的起始端和第二螺旋臂的起始端的重合相交点设置为第三馈电点。
在可能的实现方式中，第一螺旋臂的起始端顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕90度的点设置为第一馈电点；将第二螺旋臂的起始端逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕90度的点设置为第二馈电点，由此，可提高两种线极化的交叉极化隔离度，从而使两种线极化更纯净。
在可能的实现方式中，第一螺旋臂的起始端和第二螺旋臂的起始端不重合，第一螺旋臂的起始端和第二螺旋臂的起始端为相对于所述天线的轴线对称的两个点，此时，可将第一螺旋臂的起始端设置为第一馈电点，将第二螺旋臂的起始端设置为第二馈电点，第三馈电点可以为距离第一螺旋臂的起始端和第二螺旋臂的起始端最近的相交点。
在可能的实现方式中，还可以设置由绝缘材料制成的支撑柱，支撑柱的轴线与所述天线的轴线重合，第一螺旋臂顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕于所述支撑柱的侧壁，第二螺旋臂逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕于所述支撑柱的侧壁。由此，支撑柱可对第一螺旋臂和第二螺旋臂形成有效支撑，使天线的整体结构更稳固，不易发生形变或损坏。
在可能的实现方式中，第一馈电端口可以通过功分器分别与第一馈电点和第二馈电点连接，功分器的输入端连接到第一馈电端口，功分器的一个输出端连接到第一馈电点，功分器的另一个输出端连接到第二馈电点。
在可能的实现方式中，功分器可以包括同轴线、第一微带线和第二微带线，其中，第一微带线的一端与同轴线的第一端连接，第一微带线的另一端与第一馈电点连接，第二微带线的一端与所述同轴线的第一端连接，第二微带线的另一端与第二馈电点连接，同轴线的第二端与第一馈电端口连接。
在可能的实现方式中，第一微带线的电长度、第二微带线的电长度、第一螺旋臂的起始端到第一馈电点的电长度以及第二螺旋臂的起始端到第二馈电点的电长度均相等。
在可能的实现方式中，天线还包括接地板，第一螺旋臂的起始端和第二螺旋臂的起始端均靠近所述接地板设置，同轴线包括内导体和外导体，外导体设置于内导体外且与内导体电隔离，内导体分别与第一微带线和第二微带线连接，外导体与接地板连接。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种无线设备，包括基带、射频模块，电缆和天线。射频模块通过电缆分别与基带和天线连接，天线为上述第一方面公开的天线，其中，基带用于将数字信号转换为中频模拟信号并发送给射频模块；射频模块用于将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线；天线用于将射频信号转换为电磁波信号并向空间辐射。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，射频模块将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线包括：将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号；将射频信号依次进行放大处理和滤波处理，获得处理的射频信号；将处理的射频信号发送给天线；天线将射频信号转换为电磁波信号包括：将处理的射频信号转换为电磁波信号。
本申请实施例提供的无线设备，由于无线设备中的天线采用了两个盘绕方向相反的螺旋臂，并且在天线上设置了三个馈电点，其中，第一馈电点和第二馈电点连接至第一馈电端口，第三馈电点连接至第二馈电端口，由此可对螺旋天线在不同位置馈电，使左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化产生两种不同的起始方向，从而合成两种线极化，以满足极化分集或者极化复用的要求。本申请的方案采用一个天线即可实现两种不同的线极化方向，从而节省了设备成本和占用空间。
附图说明
图1为一种单臂螺旋天线的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的天线的另一种实现方式的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的天线设置接地板后的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例无线设备的连接关系示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例涉及天线及微波传输设备，以下对上述实施例涉及到的概念进行简单说明：
天线：天线是一种变换器，它把传输线上传播的导行波变换成在无界媒介(通常是自由空间)中传播的电磁波，或者进行相反的变换。
螺旋天线：螺旋天线是一种具有螺旋形状的天线。它由导电性能良好的金属螺旋线组成，通常用同轴线馈电，同轴线的心线和螺旋线的一端相连接，同轴线的外导体则和接地的金属网(或板)相连接。螺旋天线的辐射方向与螺旋线圆周长有关。当螺旋线的圆周长比一个波长小很多时，辐射最强的方向垂直于螺旋轴；当螺旋线圆周长为一个波长的数量级时，最强辐射出现在螺旋旋轴方向上。
极化方向：天线的极化方向是以天线辐射的电磁波在最大辐射方向上电场强度矢 量的空间取向来定义的，是描述天线辐射电磁波矢量的空间指向的参数。由于电场与磁场有恒定的关系，故一般都以电场矢量的空间指向作为天线辐射电磁波的极化方向。
线极化：电场矢量在空间的取向固定不变的极化叫线极化。
圆极化：极化平面与大地法线面之间的夹角从0～360度周期地变化，即电场大小不变，方向随时间变化，电场矢量末端的轨迹在垂直于传播方向的平面上投影是一个圆时，称为圆极化。
右旋圆极化：若极化平面随时间旋转并与电磁波传播方向成右手螺旋关系，称右旋圆极化。
左旋圆极化：若极化平面随时间旋转并与电磁波传播方向成左手螺旋关系，称左旋圆极化。
极化分集：极化分集是用不同极化传输相同信号，目的是增加信号传输的可靠性。
极化复用：极化复用是用不同极化传输不同信号，目的是增加传输容量。
如图2所示，本申请实施例提供了一种天线，包括第一螺旋臂1和第二螺旋臂2，第一螺旋臂1顺时针沿着天线的轴线L的纵向方向盘绕，第二螺旋臂2逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕；第二螺旋臂2与第一螺旋臂1形成多个相交点(3a、3b、3c)，第一螺旋臂1上设有第一馈电点11，第二螺旋臂2上设有第二馈电点21，第一馈电点11与第二馈电点21为相对于天线的轴线对称的两个点，所述至少一个相交点(3a、3b、3c)中的一个相交点3a形成第三馈电点；其中，第一馈电点11和第二馈电点21连接于第一馈电端口A，第三馈电点连接于第二馈电端口B。
本申请实施例提供的天线，采用了两个盘绕方向相反的螺旋臂，并且在天线上设置了三个馈电点，其中，第一馈电点11和第二馈电点21连接至第一馈电端口A，第三馈电点连接至第二馈电端口B，由此可对螺旋天线在不同位置馈电，使左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化产生两种不同的起始方向，从而合成两种线极化波，以满足极化分集或者极化复用的要求。本申请的方案采用一个天线即可实现两种不同方向的线极化波，从而节省了设备成本和占用空间。
具体地，第三馈电点可以选择为第二螺旋臂2与第一螺旋臂1形成的相交点(3a、3b、3c)中的任意一个相交点，为了防止两种线极化方向的天线产生较大的相位差，可在第二螺旋臂2与第一螺旋臂1形成的相交点(3a、3b、3c)中，选择最靠近第一馈电点11和第二馈电点21的相交点为第三馈电点。由此，可使两种线极化方向的天线产生的相位差最小。例如，参照图2，在相交点3a、相交点3b和相交点3c中，可选择最接近第一馈电点11和第二馈电点21的相交点3a作为第三馈电点。
本申请实施例提供的天线，第一螺旋臂1的起始端和第二螺旋臂2的起始端可以重合也可以不重合。在一种可能的实现方式中，如图2所示，第一螺旋臂1的起始端和第二螺旋臂2的起始端重合形成相交点3a。此时，可将第一螺旋臂1的起始端和第二螺旋臂2的起始端的重合相交点3a设置为第三馈电点。
在选择第一馈电点11和第二馈电点21的位置时，为了使两种线极化更纯净，防止叠加后产生其他的极化方向，可将第一螺旋臂1的起始端顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕90度的点设置为第一馈电点11；将第二螺旋臂2的起始端逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕90度的点设置为第二馈电点21，由此，可提高两种线极 化的交叉极化隔离度，从而使两种线极化更纯净。
为了便于说明图2所示天线合成两种线极化的原理，可在图2中建立XYZ坐标系，如图2所示，当电流d由第二馈电端口B输入时，电流d在相交点3a处一分为二，电流d1进入第一螺旋臂1，电流d2进入第二螺旋臂2，电流d1和电流d2的流动方向相反，此时，第一螺旋臂1产生左旋圆极化，第二螺旋臂2产生右旋圆极化，并且两者的电流起始方向相反，因此可叠加合成Y方向的线极化波。如图2所示，当电流e由第一馈电端口A输入时，功分器的两条微带线形成两路方向相反的电流e1和电流e2，当电流e1和电流e2分别进入到第一馈电点11和第二馈电点21时，电流e1和电流e2的方向相同。这种情况下，第一螺旋臂1产生左旋圆极化，第二螺旋臂2产生右旋圆极化，并且二者起始方向相同，叠加合成X方向线极化波。由此，可形成两路相互垂直的线极化波。
如图3所示，在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一螺旋臂1的起始端和第二螺旋臂2的起始端还可以不重合，第一螺旋臂1的起始端和第二螺旋臂2的起始端为相对于所述天线的轴线对称的两个点，此时，可将第一螺旋臂1的起始端设置为第一馈电点11，将第二螺旋臂2的起始端设置为第二馈电点21，第三馈电点可以为距离第一螺旋臂1的起始端和第二螺旋臂2的起始端最近的相交点。
可选地，当第一螺旋臂1和第二螺旋臂2的材料为较硬的金属(如铜线)时，可以不设置支撑体，直接将铜线弯曲成螺旋状，即可以保持其螺旋状的形态。如图4所示，为了使第一螺旋臂1和第二螺旋臂2的固定稳固，还可以设置由绝缘材料制成的支撑柱5，支撑柱5的轴线与所述天线的轴线重合，第一螺旋臂1顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕于所述支撑柱5的侧壁，第二螺旋臂2逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕于所述支撑柱5的侧壁。由此，支撑柱5可对第一螺旋臂1和第二螺旋臂2形成有效支撑，使天线的整体结构更稳固，不易发生形变或损坏。
如图3所示，第一馈电端口A可以通过功分器4分别与第一馈电点11和第二馈电点21连接，功分器4的输入端连接到第一馈电端口A，功分器4的一个输出端连接到第一馈电点11，功分器4的另一个输出端连接到第二馈电点21。
具体地，如图3所示，功分器4可以包括同轴线41、第一微带线42和第二微带线43，其中，第一微带线42的一端与同轴线41的第一端连接，第一微带线42的另一端与第一馈电点11连接，第二微带线43的一端与所述同轴线41的第一端连接，第二微带线43的另一端与第二馈电点21连接，同轴线41的第二端与第一馈电端口A连接。其中，第一微带线42的电长度、第二微带线43的电长度、第一螺旋臂1的起始端到第一馈电点11的电长度以及第二螺旋臂2的起始端到第二馈电点21的电长度可以均相等。需要说明的是，上述第一微带线42和第二微带线43也可以用带状线代替，在此不做限定。
如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的天线还包括接地板6，第一螺旋臂1的起始端和第二螺旋臂2的起始端均靠近所述接地板6设置，同轴线包括内导体和外导体，外导体设置于内导体外且与内导体电隔离，内导体分别与第一微带线和第二微带线连接，外导体与接地板6连接。
本申请还提供了一种无线设备，如图5所示，该无线设备包括基带100、射频模 块200，电缆300和天线400。射频模块200通过电缆300分别与基带100和天线400连接，天线400为本发明实施例公开的天线。
在一个实施例中，基带100，用于将数字信号转换为中频模拟信号并发送给射频模块200；
射频模块200，用于将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线400；
天线400，用于将射频信号转换为电磁波信号并向空间辐射。
作为一种可能的实施方式，射频模块200将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线400包括：
将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号；
将射频信号依次进行放大处理和滤波处理，获得处理的射频信号；
将处理的射频信号发送给天线400；
天线400将射频信号转换为电磁波信号包括：
将处理的射频信号转换为电磁波信号。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的无线设备可以是微波设备、基站、WiFi设备等。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，所述天线包括：
    第一螺旋臂，所述第一螺旋臂顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕；
    第二螺旋臂，所述第二螺旋臂逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕；
    所述第二螺旋臂与所述第一螺旋臂形成至少一个相交点，所述第一螺旋臂上设有第一馈电点，所述第二螺旋臂上设有第二馈电点，所述第一馈电点与所述第二馈电点为相对于所述天线的轴线对称的两个点，所述至少一个相交点中的任意一个相交点形成第三馈电点；
    第一馈电端口，所述第一馈电端口分别与所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点连接；
    第二馈电端口，所述第二馈电端口与所述第三馈电点连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第三馈电点为所述至少一个相交点中最靠近所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点的相交点。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一螺旋臂的起始端和所述第二螺旋臂的起始端重合形成相交点，所述第一螺旋臂的起始端和所述第二螺旋臂的起始端的相交点为所述第三馈电点。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一螺旋臂的起始端顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕90度的点为所述第一馈电点；由所述第二螺旋臂的起始端逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕90度的点为所述第二馈电点。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一螺旋臂的起始端和所述第二螺旋臂的起始端相对于所述天线的轴线对称，所述第一馈电点为所述第一螺旋臂的起始端，所述第二馈电点为所述第二螺旋臂的起始端，所述第三馈电点为距离所述第一螺旋臂的起始端和所述第二螺旋臂的起始端最近的所述相交点。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括支撑柱，所述支撑柱由绝缘材料制成，所述支撑柱的轴线与所述天线的轴线重合，所述第一螺旋臂顺时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕于所述支撑柱的侧壁；所述第二螺旋臂逆时针沿着天线的轴线的纵向方向盘绕于所述支撑柱的侧壁。
  7. 一种无线设备，其特征在于，包括基带、射频模块、电缆和权利要求1-6中任一项所述的天线，其中：
    所述射频模块通过所述电缆分别与所述基带和所述天线连接；
    所述基带，用于将数字信号转换为中频模拟信号并发送给所述射频模块；
    所述射频模块，用于将所述中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给所述天线；
    所述天线，用于将所述射频信号转换为电磁波信号并向空间辐射。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的无线设备，其特征在于，所述射频模块将所述中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给所述天线包括：
    将所述中频模拟信号转换为射频信号；
    将所述射频信号依次进行放大处理和滤波处理，获得处理的射频信号；
    将所述处理的射频信号发送给所述天线；
    所述天线将所述射频信号转换为电磁波信号包括：
    将所述处理的射频信号转换为电磁波信号。
PCT/CN2018/110076 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 一种天线及无线设备 Ceased WO2020073321A1 (zh)

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JP2021515014A JP7099795B2 (ja) 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 アンテナ及び無線デバイス
EP18936419.3A EP3843204B1 (en) 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 Antenna and wireless device
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