WO2020078219A1 - 核酸纳米载体药物、其制备方法、药物组合物及应用 - Google Patents
核酸纳米载体药物、其制备方法、药物组合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- a method for preventing and / or treating tumors comprising: providing any one of the above nucleic acid nanocarrier drugs or pharmaceutical compositions; and administering an effective amount of the above nucleic acid nanoparticles to a tumor patient Carrier drug or pharmaceutical composition.
- the tumor is breast cancer or ovarian cancer.
- the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug provided by the present application includes nucleic acid nanoparticles and drugs, and the drugs are mounted on the nucleic acid nanoparticles through physical connection and / or covalent connection, wherein the drugs include paclitaxel, lenalidomide, and arabinose One or more of cytidine, docetaxel, idarubicin, and mitoxantrone; the nucleic acid nanoparticles can not only be formed by self-assembly by including the three sequences or their variant sequences provided in this application
- the nucleic acid domain can also be used as a carrier to connect the drug at any 5 'end and / or 3' end of the three chains, or the drug can be stably inserted between the chains of the nucleic acid domain.
- nucleic acid nanoparticles by mounting small molecule drugs on nucleic acid nanoparticles, the internal hydrophobicity, external hydrophilicity and base stacking effect of nucleic acid nanoparticles are used to "coat” the drugs, and the coating
- the action or covalent connection prevents the drug from being dissolved within a certain period of time and improves the stability of delivery.
- nucleic acid domain when the nucleic acid domain is modified by the target, it can have good targeting, can deliver drugs stably, and has high reliability; at the same time, it can reduce the chance of the drug contacting with non-target cells or tissues, and reduce toxic and side effects. .
- Example 1 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles formed by self-assembly in Example 1 of the present application
- 11a shows a standard curve of paclitaxel absorbance during the detection of the mounting rate of RNA nanoparticles in Example 5 of the present application
- 11b shows a standard curve of the absorbance of paclitaxel during the detection of the mounting rate of DNA nanoparticles in Example 5 of the present application;
- FIG. 12 The results of electrophoretic detection of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-paclitaxel nanoparticles in serum of Example 7 of this application after incubation in serum for different times;
- FIG. 14a to 14d show the detection results of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-paclitaxel nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of SKOV3 cells in Example 9, wherein FIG. 14a is the proliferation inhibition of SKOV3 cells by the small molecule drug paclitaxel, and FIG. 14b DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-paclitaxel (targeting drug) inhibits the proliferation of SKOV3 cells, Figure 14c is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (targeting fluorescent carrier) inhibits the proliferation of SKOV37 cells, and Figure 14d It is the DMSO blank control inhibition of SKOV3 cell proliferation;
- Example 15 shows the results of non-denaturing PAGE gel electrophoresis detection of 7 sets of extended segment deformation + core short sequence RNA self-assembly products in Example 10 of the present invention
- FIG. 27 shows the dissolution curve of DNA nanoparticle D-11 in Example 11 of the present invention
- FIG. 28 shows the dissolution curve of DNA nanoparticles D-12 in Example 11 of the present invention
- FIG. 29 shows the dissolution curve of DNA nanoparticle D-13 in Example 11 of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles R-15 in serum after different times of incubation in Example 12 of the present invention
- FIG. 32 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles R-16 in serum after incubation for different times in Example 12 of the present invention
- FIG. 33 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles R-17 in Example 12 of the present invention after incubation in serum for different times;
- RNA nanoparticles R-18 in Example 12 of the present invention shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles R-18 in Example 12 of the present invention after incubation in serum for different times;
- FIG. 35 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles R-19 in serum after incubation at different times in Example 12 of the present invention
- FIG. 36 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles R-20 in serum after different times of incubation in Example 12 of the present invention
- FIG. 37 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of RNA nanoparticles R-21 in serum after different times of incubation in Example 12 of the present invention
- FIG. 38 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of DNA nanoparticles D-8 in serum after different times of incubation in Example 13 of the present invention
- FIG. 39 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of DNA nanoparticles D-9 in serum after different times of incubation in Example 13 of the present invention.
- FIG. 41 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of DNA nanoparticle D-11 in Example 13 of the present invention after incubation in serum for different times;
- Figures 45a, 45b, 45c, 45d, 45e, 45f, 45g, and 45h show DMSO and the original drugs doxorubicin, D-8, and D-8-A in Example 16 of the present invention.
- 47a shows a standard curve of absorbance of lenalidomide during the detection of the mounting rate of RNA nanoparticles in Example 18 of the present application
- 47b shows the standard curve of the absorbance of lenalidomide during the detection of the mounting rate of DNA nanoparticles in Example 18 of the present application
- FIG. 49a to 49d show the detection results of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-lenalidomide nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of RPMI 8226 cells in Example 21, wherein FIG. 49a is the small molecule drug lenalidomide to RPMI 8226 Cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 49b is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-lenalidomide (targeting drug) on RPMI 8226 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 49c is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (targeting fluorescent carrier ) Proliferation inhibition of RPMI 8226 cells, and Figure 49d is the DMSO blank control inhibition of RPMI 8226 cell proliferation;
- FIG. 50 shows a standard curve of the absorbance of cytarabine during the detection of the mounting rate of DNA nanoparticles in Example 22 of the present application
- FIG. 51 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-cytarabine nanoparticles in serum after different times of incubation in Example 24 of this application.
- FIGS. 52a to 52d show the detection results of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-cytarabine nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in Example 25, wherein FIG. 452a is the small molecule drug cytarabine to MCF -7 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 52b is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-cytarabine (targeting drug) on MCF-7 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 52c is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (target Fluorescent carrier) inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, and Figure 52d is the DMSO blank control inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells;
- FIG. 53a shows a standard curve of docetaxel absorbance during the detection of the mounting rate of RNA nanoparticles in Example 26 of the present application
- FIG. 53b shows the standard curve of docetaxel absorbance during the detection of the mounting rate of DNA nanoparticles in Example 26 of the present application
- FIG. 54 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Docetaxel nanoparticles in serum after different times of incubation in Example 28 of the present application;
- FIG. 55 shows the detection results of the inhibition of the proliferation of HCT116 cells by the small molecule drugs docetaxel and RNAh-Biotin-quasar670-docetaxel nanoparticles in Example 29 of the present application;
- FIG. 56a to 56d show the detection results of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-docetaxel nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in Example 30, wherein FIG. 56a is the small molecule drug docetaxel against MCF -7 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 56b is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Docetaxel (targeted drug) on MCF-7 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 56c is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (target Fluorescent carrier) inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, and Figure 56d shows the inhibition of the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by the DMSO blank control;
- FIGS. 57a to 57d show the detection results of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-docetaxel nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of SKOV3 cells in Example 30, wherein FIG. 57a is the small molecule drug docetaxel on SKOV3 cells.
- Proliferation inhibition Figure 57b is the proliferation inhibition of SKOV3 cells by DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Docetaxel (targeting drug)
- Figure 57c is the proliferation inhibition of SKOV3 cells by DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (targeting fluorescent carrier) Cell proliferation inhibition
- Figure 57d is the DMSO blank control MCF-7 cell proliferation inhibition;
- FIG. 59 shows the results of electrophoretic detection of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit nanoparticles in serum after different times of incubation in Example 32 of the present application;
- Example 60 is the inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells by the small molecule drug mitoxantrone in Example 33;
- FIG. 61 is the inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells by DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit (targeting drug) in Example 33;
- FIG. 63 is the inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells by the blank control of DMSO in Example 33;
- 66a to 66d show the detection results of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-idarubicin nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in Example 37, where Figure 66a is the small molecule drug idarubicin against MCF -7 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 66b is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-idarubicin (targeting drug) on MCF-7 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 66c is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (target Fluorescent carrier) inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, and Figure 66d shows the inhibition of the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by the DMSO blank control; and
- FIG. 67a to 67d show the detection results of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-idarubicin nanoparticles inhibiting the proliferation of MV4-11 cells in Example 37, wherein FIG. 67a is the small molecule drug idarubicin against MV4 -11 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 67b is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-idarubicin (targeting drug) on MV4-11 cell proliferation inhibition, Figure 67c is DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (target Fluorescent carrier) inhibits the proliferation of MV4-11 cells, and Figure 67d shows the inhibition of MV4-11 cells by the DMSO blank control.
- RNAh, DNAh or blank carrier refers to a blank nucleic acid nanoparticle carrier that does not contain any biologically active substances, such as RNAh or DNAh.
- Targeted carrier refers to a nucleic acid nanoparticle carrier that contains a target but no fluorescent substance, such as Biotin-RNAh or Biotin-DNAh.
- Fluorescent carrier refers to a nucleic acid nanoparticle carrier that contains a fluorescent substance but does not contain a target, such as Cy3-RNAh or Cy3-DNAh.
- Targeted fluorescent carrier refers to a nucleic acid nanoparticle carrier containing a target and a fluorescent substance, such as RNAh-Biotin-FAM or DNAh-Biotin-FAM.
- Targeted drug refers to a nucleic acid nanoparticle carrier containing a target, a fluorescent substance, and a chemical, such as RNAh-Biotin-quasar670-paclitaxel or DNAh-Biotin-quasar670-paclitaxel.
- RNA nanoparticles By analyzing the nanoparticles formed by self-assembly of DNA and RNA, it is found that, compared with the relatively rigid DNA nanoparticles, RNA nanoparticles have more stem-loop structures due to the existence of a large number of stem-loop structures within or between molecules. Great flexibility and stronger tension, so it has more advantages as a drug candidate carrier.
- the stability of RNA nanoparticles in their natural state is relatively poor, and most of the current improvements based on the application of RNA nanocarriers are centered around improving their stability and reliability.
- the current research results provide the possibility of mounting drugs to a certain extent, they are more focused on the possibility and effectiveness of mounting nucleic acid drugs, especially siRNA drugs or miRNA drugs.
- RNA nanoparticle carrier In order to provide a new type of RNA nanoparticle carrier with good reliability and self-assembly, the applicant compared and improved the existing RNA nanoparticles, and developed a series of new RNA nanoparticles. From the perspective of performance and cost reduction, we further tried to use pure DNA strands for self-assembly. It was unexpectedly found that these DNA single strands can not only achieve self-assembly into DNA nanoparticles, but also have the same performance as RNA nanoparticles. Moreover, the self-assembly of DNA nanoparticles also has the advantages of low price and easy operation.
- RNA nanoparticles and DNA nanoparticles can be loaded with various drugs, and can be stable in serum; further experimental verification, it can carry drugs into cells, and a separate carrier pair The cells are non-toxic.
- the carrier that carries the drug can relieve and treat the corresponding disease.
- the present application provides a nucleic acid nanocarrier drug, which includes nucleic acid nanoparticles and a drug, and the drug is mounted on the nucleic acid nanoparticle; the nucleic acid nanoparticle includes a nucleic acid domain, and the nucleic acid domain includes a sequence, b sequence, and c Sequence, sequence a contains the sequence of at least one base insertion, deletion or substitution of sequence a1 or a1, sequence b contains the sequence of at least one base insertion, deletion or substitution of sequence b1 or b1, sequence c contains the sequence of c1 or c1 sequence in which at least one base insertion, deletion or substitution occurs; where a1 sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1: 5'-CCAGCGUUCC-3 'or SEQ ID NO: 2: 5'-CCAGCGTTCC-3'; b1 sequence SEQ ID NO: 3: 5'-GGUUCGCCG-3 'or SEQ ID NO
- the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug provided by the present application includes nucleic acid nanoparticles and drugs, and the drugs are mounted on the nucleic acid nanoparticles, wherein the drugs include paclitaxel, lenalidomide, cytarabine, docetaxel, and One or more of Darbycin and Mitoxantrone.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles by including the above three sequences or their variant sequences, not only can self-assemble to form a nucleic acid domain, but also can be used as a carrier to connect drugs at any 5 'end and / or 3' end of the three strands, or The drug is stably inserted between the strands of the nucleic acid domain.
- the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug provided by the present application by mounting the small molecule drug on the nucleic acid nanoparticles, because the inner part of the nucleic acid nanoparticles is hydrophobic, the outer part is hydrophilic, and the base has a stacking effect, which is equivalent to the drug
- the coating or covalent connection prevents the drug from being dissolved within a certain period of time, which improves the stability of delivery.
- the nucleic acid domain is modified by the target, it can have good targeting, can deliver drugs stably, and has high reliability; at the same time, it can reduce the chance of the drug contacting with non-target cells or tissues, and reduce toxic and side effects. .
- the above self-assembly refers to a technique in which basic structural units spontaneously form an ordered structure.
- the basic structural units spontaneously organize or aggregate into a stable structure with a certain geometric appearance under the interaction based on non-covalent bonds.
- the self-assembly process is not a simple superposition of weak interaction forces between a large number of atoms, ions, or molecules (where "weak interaction forces” refer to hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, hydrophobic forces, etc.), but between several individuals
- weak interaction forces refer to hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, hydrophobic forces, etc.
- the production of self-assembly requires two conditions: the power and guidance of self-assembly.
- the power of self-assembly refers to the synergy of weak interaction forces between molecules, which provides energy for molecular self-assembly.
- the guiding role of self-assembly refers to the complementarity of molecules in space, which means that self-assembly needs to meet the requirements of molecular rearrangement in the size and direction of space.
- DNA nanotechnology is a bottom-up molecular self-assembly mode. From the molecular structure as a starting point, a stable structure is spontaneously formed based on the physical and chemical properties of the nucleic acid molecule, following strict nucleic acid base pairing principles. Multiple DNA fragments are connected together in the correct order in vitro, and the sub-assembly structure is established through the principle of base pairing, and finally a complex multi-level structure is formed. Unlike DNA, the structure of RNA can exceed the limit of the double helix. RNA can form a series of different base pairs, and at least two hydrogen bonds are formed between the base pairs.
- RNA nanotechnology can take advantage of these naturally occurring 3D modules and their predictable interactions.
- many biologically active RNA structures can have atomic-level resolution, such as ribosomes, various ribozymes, and the presence of ribose Natural RNA aptamer inside the switch.
- a superior feature of RNA nanotechnology is that it can design structures that are comparable in size and complexity to natural RNA materials. The unique assembly properties of RNA in natural RNA complexes can also be exploited.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles of the present application include the three sequences shown in the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, and SEQ ID NO: 5 or their variants, or the sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ The three sequences shown in ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6 or their mutated sequences are based on the ability to form nucleic acid nanoparticles through self-assembly.
- the specific mutated sequences can be found in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6 can be obtained by reasonably selecting mutation sites and mutation types, or by extending appropriate fragments.
- Nanoparticles formed by self-assembly of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 5 are RNA nanoparticles, and SEQ ID ID: NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6 are nanoparticles formed by self-assembly
- the particles are DNA nanoparticles.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles are RNA nanoparticles, and at least one of sequence a, sequence b, and sequence c contains at least one sequence of base insertion, deletion, or replacement.
- the specific position and base type of the mutated sequence in the RNA nanoparticles can be modified into nanoparticles that increase drug loading or increase stability as needed under the premise of self-assembly.
- nucleic acid nanoparticles In order to make the nucleic acid nanoparticles have a relatively higher stability, and thus make the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug obtained by drug loading more stable, in the above SEQ ID NO: 1/2, SEQ ID NO: 3/4 and / or SEQ ID: NO: When the sequence shown in 5/6 is inserted, deleted or replaced, it can be performed at certain specific positions of the above sequence.
- the mutated sequence can be self-assembled like the original sequence Into nanoparticles, on the other hand the variation retains at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% homology with the original sequence, making it
- the nanoparticles formed by the above sequence self-assembly have the same drug loading characteristics and similar stability, and can well mount and deliver drugs.
- the above-mentioned base insertion, deletion, or substitution occurs at: (1) SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, the 5th end of the a sequence shown at 1, 2, 4 and 5 Between bases; and / or (2) SEQ ID NO: between 8 and 10 bases starting at the 5 'end of the a sequence shown in 1 or 2; and / or (3) SEQ ID NO : Between the first to third bases at the 5 'end of the b sequence shown in 3 or 4; and / or (4) SEQ ID NO: at the 5' end of the b sequence shown in 3 or 4 Between the 6th to 9th bases; and / or (5) between the 1st to 4th bases starting at the 5 'end of the c sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6; and / or ( 6) Between 9th to 12th bases starting from the 5 'end of the c sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6.
- the defined base positions for mutation are SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID: NO:
- the flexibility and tension of the formed nanostructure helps maintain its stability as a carrier.
- sequence a, sequence b and sequence c are self-assembled into the formula (1 ) Structure shown:
- WC means Watson-Crick pairing, N and N 'means non-Watson-Crick pairing, WC at any position is independently selected from CG or GC, and at least two of a sequence, b sequence and c sequence
- the two bases at the 5 'end and the 3' end are not complementary; in the sequence a, the first N from the 5 'end is A, the second N is G, the third N is U or T, and the fourth N is any one of U, T, A, C or G; in sequence b, the first N 'from the 5' end is any one of U, T, A, C or G; the second Each N 'is U or T, and the third N' is C; in the c sequence, the NNNN sequence in the direction from the 5 'end to the 3' end is CAUA or CATA.
- the a, b, and c sequences are self-assembled to form a nucleic acid domain represented by formula (1).
- the remaining positions All the bases form the classic Watson-Crick pair, and the bases of the above Watson-Crick pair select GC or CG base pairs.
- the force of hydrogen bonding between G-C or C-G base pairs is greater than that of A-U / T or U / T-A base pairs, the nucleic acid nanostructure is more stable.
- the raised or loop structure formed by Watson-Crick paired bases it brings greater tension to the nucleic acid nanocarriers, making it more adaptable to changes in the microenvironment, so the nucleic acid nanoparticles are more stable .
- the specific sequence composition of the sequence a, the sequence b, and the sequence c is not particularly limited as long as the above structure can be formed. From the perspective of self-assembly of nucleic acid sequences, in order to further improve the efficiency of self-assembly of the above three sequences into nanoparticles of the above formula (1), when selecting bases for Watson-Crick pairing, base selection at different positions is best to follow The following principles: (1) a sequence, b sequence and c sequence, when a single sequence does not self-complementary pairing to form a secondary structure; (2) a sequence, b sequence and c sequence, any two sequences are complementary paired at one end Form a double-strand, the other end is not complementary paired, forming a Y-type or T-type structure.
- the above principle of base selection is to maximize the pairing of the ends of any one chain with the ends of the other two chains to maximize the efficiency of self-assembly.
- the Y-shaped or T-shaped structure can also be a quadrilateral other than the trifurcated form, as long as it satisfies the principle that any two sequences are complementary paired at one end to form a double strand, and the other end is not complementary.
- the fourth N from the 5 'end in the sequence a and the first N from the 5' end in the sequence b ' Can be a UU that is not a Watson-Crick pair, or it can be an improved T, A, C, or G that follows the Watson-Crick pairing principle.
- Watson-Crick pairing relatively improves the binding force between chains and improves stability.
- Non-Watson-Crick pairing gives nanoparticles greater flexibility and flexibility. It also helps to improve nanoparticles in the face of changes in the microenvironment. Stability.
- sequence a, sequence b and sequence c are any of the following groups: (1) sequence a (SEQ ID NO: 7): 5'-GGAGCGUUGG-3 ', sequence b (SEQ ID NO : 8): 5'-CCUUCGCCG-3 ', sequence c (SEQ ID NO: 9): 5'-CGGCCAUAGCCC-3'; (2) sequence a (SEQ ID NO: 10): 5'-GCAGCGUUCG-3 ' , Sequence b (SEQ ID NO: 11): 5'-CGUUCGCCG-3 ', sequence c (SEQ ID NO: 12): 5'-CGGCCAUAGCGC-3'; (3) sequence a (SEQ ID NO: 13): 5'-CGAGCGUUGC-3 ', sequence b (SEQ ID NO: 14): 5'-GCUUCGCCG-3', sequence c (SEQ ID NO: 15): 5'-CGGCCAUAGCCG-3 '; (4) sequence a (SEQ ID NO:
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles formed by the self-assembly of the fourteen or four groups of sequences not only have higher stability, but also have higher self-assembly efficiency.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles mentioned above can not only be self-assembled, but also have the ability to carry or mount drugs. According to the position of the G-C or C-G base pair in the nucleic acid nanoparticles, the amount of the drug loaded also varies.
- the above nucleic acid domain further includes a first extension, the first The extended segment is an extended segment paired by Watson-Crick, and the first extended segment is located at the 5 'end and / or the 3' end of any one of the sequence a, b and c.
- a certain matching relationship is required between the carrier and the mounted substance.
- the specific length of the first extended section may be determined according to the size of the substance to be mounted.
- the first extension is selected from any group as follows: (1): a chain 5 'end: 5'-CCCA-3', c chain 3 'end: 5'-UGGG-3 '; (2): 3' end of a chain: 5'-GGG-3 ', 5' end of b chain: 5'-CCC-3 '; (3): 3' end of b chain: 5'-CCA-3 ', C chain 5' end: 5'-UGG-3 '; (4): a chain 5' end: 5'-CCCG-3 ', c chain 3' end: 5'-CGGG-3 '; (5 ): 5 'end of a chain: 5'-CCCC-3', 3 'end of c chain: 5'-GGGG-3'; (6): 3 'end of b chain: 5'-CCC-3', c chain 5 'end: 5'-GGG-3'.
- the above-mentioned first extension not only increases the length of any one or more of the three sequences forming the nucleic acid nanostructure, but also the first extension composed of GC bases further improves the stability of the formed nanoparticles. Moreover, the first extension composed of the above sequences also maintains a sequence, b sequence and c sequence with high self-assembly activity and efficiency.
- the nucleic acid domain further includes a second extension, the second extension is located at the 5 'end and / or the 3' end of any one of sequence a, b and c, and the second extension
- the segment is an extended segment of Watson-Crick pairing; more preferably, the second extended segment is an extended sequence of CG base pairs; further preferably, the second extended segment is an extended sequence of 1 to 10 CG base pairs.
- the above nucleic acid domain further includes at least one set of second extensions as follows: first set: a chain 5 ′ end: 5′-CGCGCG-3 ′, c chain 3 ′ end: 5 ′ -CGCGCG-3 '; second group: a chain 3' end: 5'-CGCCGC-3 ', b chain 5' end: 5'-GCGGCG-3 '; third group: b chain 3' end: 5 ' -GGCGGC-3 ', 5' end of c chain: 5'-GCCGCC-3 '.
- This second extension makes the nanoparticles non-immunogenic and there is no secondary structure where each chain folds and binds itself.
- the second extension In order to contain an extension sequence of both CG base pairs and AT / AU base pairs, the second extension is preferably an extension sequence of 2 to 50 base pairs.
- the "/" in "AT / AU base” is an OR relationship, specifically, the second extension is an extension sequence containing both CG base pairs and AT base pairs, or the second extension contains both Extended sequences of CG base pairs and AU base pairs.
- sequences after adding the above-mentioned second extension segment may be the following sequences, respectively:
- sequence of c is (SEQ ID NO: 51):
- M in the a sequence, the b sequence and the c sequence is U or T.
- M is T, the synthesis cost of the above sequence is greatly reduced.
- the second extension segment is an extension sequence in which 2 to 8 consecutive CG base pair sequences and 2 to 8 consecutive AT / AU base pair sequences are alternately arranged; or the second extension segment It is an extended sequence in which one CG base pair sequence and one AT / AU base pair sequence are alternately arranged.
- the positions of the CGCGCG extension and the CGCCGC extension in the sequence a shown in SEQ ID NO: 49 and the AAAAAA extension are interchanged, and the GCGGCG in the sequence b shown in SEQ ID NO: 50 is extended.
- the CGCGGC extension and the TTTTTT extension are interchanged, the GCCGCC extension and the AAAAAA extension in the sequence c shown in SEQ ID NO: 51 above are interchanged, and the CGCCGC extension and the TTTTTT extension are interchanged.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles formed by the above sequence self-assembly are suitable for mounting bioactive substances of indole molecular structure (indole molecules are preferably combined with A).
- RNA as a widely used construction material include: 1) sensitivity to RNase degradation; 2) sensitivity to dissociation after systemic injection; 3) toxicity and adverse immune response.
- these three major challenges have been overcome to a large extent: 1) 2'-fluoro (2'-F) or 2'-O-methyl (2'-OMe) modification of ribose-OH group can Make RNA chemically stable in serum; 2) Some naturally occurring linking motifs are thermodynamically stable and can keep the entire RNA nanoparticle intact at ultra-low concentrations; 3)
- the immunogenicity of RNA nanoparticles is sequence and shape It is dependent and can be adjusted so that the RNA nanoparticles stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, or that the RNA nanoparticles are non-immunogenic and non-toxic when administered by repeated intravenous injection of 30 mg / kg.
- the bases, ribose and The phosphate ester has at least one modifiable site, and any modifiable site is modified by any of the following modified linkers: -F, methyl, amino, disulfide, carbonyl, carboxyl, mercapto, and aldehyde group; preferably, The C or U base in the sequence a, sequence b and sequence c has 2'-F modifications.
- the modified linker is a thiol group, it belongs to thio modification, the modification strength is weak, and the cost is low.
- the above drugs can be physically and / or covalently linked Mount in the form.
- the physical insertion is usually inserted between the GC base pairs.
- the preferred number of insertion sites is based on the GC base on the nucleic acid domain The difference in the number of base pairs is embedded in a ratio of 1 to 100: 1.
- the drug When covalently connected, the drug usually reacts with the amino group outside the G ring to form a covalent connection. More preferably, the molar ratio between the drug and the nucleic acid nanoparticles is 2 to 300: 1, preferably 2 to 290: 1, more preferably 2 to 29: 1, further preferably 10 to 50: 1, and most preferably 15 ⁇ 25: 1.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles are used as drug delivery vehicles.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles further include biologically active substances, The biologically active substance is connected to the nucleic acid domain.
- Bioactive substances are targets, fluorescein, interfering nucleic acid siRNA, miRNA, ribozymes, riboswitches, aptamers, RNA antibodies, proteins, peptides, flavonoids, glucose, natural salicylic acid, monoclonal antibodies, vitamins, phenols, Lecithin and one or more of small molecule drugs other than paclitaxel, lenalidomide, cytarabine, docetaxel, idarubicin, and mitoxantrone.
- the relative molecular weight of the nucleic acid domain and the relative molecular weight of drugs and biologically active substances preferably have a certain matching relationship.
- the relative molecular weight of the nucleic acid domain is recorded as N 1
- the total relative molecular weight of the drug and the biologically active substance is recorded as N 2 , N 1 / N 2 ⁇ 1: 1;
- biological Active substances are targets, fluorescein, interfering nucleic acid siRNA, miRNA, ribozymes, riboswitches, aptamers, RNA antibodies, drugs (often interpreted as small molecule drugs, ie chemically synthesized drugs), proteins, peptides, flavonoids, glucose , One or more of natural salicylic acid, monoclonal antibodies, vitamins, phenols and lecithin.
- the nucleic acid nanocarrier drugs in this application have different performance optimizations.
- the bioactive substance is biotin or folic acid
- its role is to make the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug targeted, for example, to specifically target cancer cells.
- the biologically active substance is fluorescein
- its role is to make the nucleic acid nanoparticles have a luminescent tracking effect, such as one or more of FAM, CY3, CY5 or Quasar670.
- the biologically active substances are certain siRNA, miRNA, protein, peptide, RNA antibody, small molecule drugs other than paclitaxel, lenalidomide, cytarabine, docetaxel, idarubicin and mitoxantrone
- the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug may become a new product with a specific therapeutic effect, such as a drug with better performance.
- it is specifically preferred to use DNA nanoparticles and RNA nanoparticles which can be reasonably selected according to actual needs.
- the biologically active substance is a drug, it is preferable to mount DNA nanoparticles or RNA nanoparticles, and there is no special requirement for the length of single strands assembled to form nanoparticles.
- the biologically active substance is a target, fluorescein, and miRNA, wherein the target is located on any one of sequences a, b, and c, preferably 5 ′ of any one of sequences a, b, and c.
- miRNA is anti-miRNA
- fluorescein is modified at the 5' end or 3 'end of anti-miRNA
- miRNA is located at the 3' end of sequence a, c sequence Any one or more of the 5 'end and the 3' end; preferably, the target is folic acid or biotin, fluorescein is any one or more of FAM, CY5 and CY3, and the aforementioned anti-miRNA is anti- miR-21.
- the above-mentioned target can be connected to any one of the sequences a, b and c through a linker covalently connected.
- the available linkers are selected from disulfide bonds, p-phenylazido, bromopropyne or PEG.
- the "on any sequence” referred to herein is a base at any position of any sequence of the a, b, and c sequences, and it is more convenient to connect the 5 'end or the 3' end, and is more widely used.
- Folic acid modification can be physical intercalation mode connection or physical intercalation + covalent connection.
- the fluorescein may be a commonly used fluorescein, and is preferably any one or more of FAM, CY5 and CY3.
- the above-mentioned miRNA may be a miRNA having a cancer suppressing effect or an anti-miRNA capable of suppressing the corresponding pathology, and it is reasonably selected according to medical needs in practical applications.
- the anti-miRNA can be synthesized at any one or more of the 3 'end of the a sequence, the 5' end and the 3 'end of the c sequence. When anti-miRNA is synthesized at the above three positions, the anti-miRNA has a relatively stronger inhibitory effect on the corresponding miRNA.
- anti-miR-21 which is involved in the initiation and progression of various cancers and is the main oncogene for invasion and metastasis.
- Anti-miR-21 can effectively regulate a wide range of target genes at the same time, which is beneficial to solve the problem of cancer heterogeneity. Therefore, in the above-mentioned preferred nucleic acid nanoparticles, the target, such as folic acid or biotin, can specifically target cancer cells, and after being internalized in combination with cancer cells, anti-miR-21 has a very high affinity and specificity with miR- 21 bases are complementary, which effectively reduces the expression of oncogenic miR-21.
- the anti-miR-21 can be synthesized at any one or more of the 3 'end of the a sequence, the 5' end and the 3 'end of the c sequence.
- anti-miR-21 was synthesized at the above three positions, the inhibitory effect of anti-miR-21 on miR-21 was relatively stronger.
- drugs include but are not limited to the treatment of liver cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, leukemia, dementia, ankylosing spondylitis, malignant lymphoma, bronchial cancer, Drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, HBV hepatitis B, multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, oral cancer, lupus erythematosus disease; preferably, the head and neck cancers are brain cancer, neuroma Cell tumor or glioblastoma.
- the biologically active substances that can be mounted as described above are small molecule drugs other than paclitaxel, lenalidomide, cytarabine, docetaxel, idarubicin and mitoxantrone, depending on the molecular structure of the drug
- Different or different characteristic groups including but not limited to drugs containing any one or more of the following groups: amino groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, mercapto groups, benzene ring groups And acetamido groups.
- the aforementioned proteins are SOD (superoxide dismutase), Survivin, hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor) ),
- PSMA proteose
- the aforementioned vitamins are L-C and / or esterified C
- the aforementioned phenols are tea polyphenols and / or grape polyphenols.
- the particle size of the nucleic acid nanoparticles is 1-100 nm, preferably 5-50 nm, more preferably 10-30 nm, and still more preferably 10-15 nm. In this range, the size is suitable, not only can enter the cell membrane through the cell phagocytosis mediated by the receptor on the cell surface, but also avoid non-specific cell penetration and is removed by the kidney. Therefore, the favorable particle size helps to improve the drug generation The distribution of kinetics, pharmacodynamics, biological distribution and toxicology.
- a method for preparing the above nucleic acid nanocarrier drug which comprises the following steps: providing any one of the above nucleic acid nanoparticles; suspending the drug through physical connection and / or covalent connection Loaded on nucleic acid nanoparticles to obtain nucleic acid nanocarrier drugs.
- the drug When using a physical connection, the drug is usually inserted into the GC base pair by physical insertion. When covalently connected, the drug usually reacts with the amino group outside the G ring to form a covalent connection.
- the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug prepared by the above method after being modified by the target, can have good targeting, can stably deliver the drug, and has high reliability.
- the step of mounting the drug through physical connection includes: mixing and stirring the drug, nucleic acid nanoparticles and the first solvent to obtain a pre-mixed system; precipitation and precipitation of the pre-mixed system to obtain nucleic acid Nanocarrier drugs.
- the dosage of specific drugs and nucleic acid nanoparticles can be adjusted according to the change of the loading amount, which can be understood by those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
- the amount of the drug added per liter of the first solvent is preferably 0.1 to 1 g.
- the first solvent is selected from one or more of DCM, DCC, DMAP, Py, DMSO, PBS and glacial acetic acid.
- the step of precipitating and precipitating the premixed system to obtain the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug includes: precipitating and precipitating the premixed system to obtain a precipitate; washing the precipitate to remove impurities to obtain the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug.
- the premixed system is mixed with absolute ethanol to precipitate at a temperature lower than 10 ° C to obtain a precipitate, and it is more preferably precipitated at a temperature of 0 to 5 ° C to obtain a precipitate. More preferably, the precipitate is washed with 6-12 volumes of absolute ethanol to remove impurities to obtain a nucleic acid nanocarrier drug.
- the step of mounting the drug by covalent connection includes: configuring the drug solution; reacting the drug solution with the G-ring exoamino group of the nucleic acid nanoparticles under the mediation of formaldehyde to obtain a reaction System; Purify the reaction system to obtain nucleic acid nanocarrier drug.
- the steps of the above reaction include: mixing the paclitaxel solution with the paraformaldehyde solution and the nucleic acid nanoparticles, and performing the reaction under dark conditions to obtain a reaction system.
- the paraformaldehyde solution can release small formaldehyde molecules to participate in the above-mentioned chemical reactions.
- the concentration of the paraformaldehyde solution is preferably 3.7 to 4 wt%
- the paraformaldehyde solution is preferably a solution formed by mixing paraformaldehyde and a second solvent, and the second solvent is DCM, DCC, DMAP, Py, DMSO , One or more of PBS and glacial acetic acid.
- nucleic acid nanoparticles can be prepared by self-assembly, for example: (1) RNA or DNA single strands a, b, and c are simultaneously mixed and dissolved in DEPC water or TMS buffer; (2) heating and mixing Solution to 80 °C / 95 °C (where the RNA assembly temperature is 80 °C, DNA assembly temperature is 95 °C), after 5 minutes, slowly cool to room temperature at a rate of 2 °C / min; (3) Load the product to 8% ( m / v) on a non-denaturing PAGE gel and purified by 100V electrophoresis in TBM buffer at 4 ° C; (4) excise the target band and elute in RNA / DNA elution buffer at 37 ° C Then, ethanol was precipitated overnight, and dried under reduced pressure and low temperature to obtain a self-assembled product to obtain a nucleic acid domain, and then nucleic acid nanoparticles.
- the step of mounting lenalidomide by covalent connection includes: configuring the lenalidomide solution; allowing the lenalidomide solution to interact with the nucleic acid nanoparticles under the mediation of formaldehyde The G-ring external amino group is reacted to obtain a reaction system; the reaction system is purified to obtain a drug containing lenalidomide.
- the step of mounting the cytarabine by covalent connection includes: configuring the cytarabine solution; making the cytarabine solution interact with the nucleic acid nanoparticles under the mediation of formaldehyde The G-ring external amino group is reacted to obtain a reaction system; the reaction system is purified to obtain a drug containing cytarabine.
- the step of mounting idarubicin by means of covalent connection includes: configuring the idarubicin solution; allowing the idarubicin solution to interact with the nucleic acid nanoparticles under the mediation of formaldehyde The G-ring external amino group is reacted to obtain a reaction system; the reaction system is purified to obtain a drug containing idarubicin.
- the step of mounting mitoxantrone by covalent connection includes: configuring the mitoxantrone solution; allowing the mitoxantrone solution to interact with the nucleic acid nanoparticles under the mediation of formaldehyde The G-ring external amino group is reacted to obtain a reaction system; the reaction system is purified to obtain a drug containing mitoxantrone.
- the preparation method further includes: connecting the biologically active substance mentioned above through physical connection and / Or covalently attached to the nucleic acid domain to obtain nucleic acid nanoparticles.
- the method for mounting the biologically active substance may also be physical connection and / or covalent connection.
- the form of covalent connection includes but is not limited to mounting through solvent covalent connection, linker covalent connection or clicking on a link; preferably, the third solvent used in the solvent covalent connection is used as the connection medium, and the third solvent is selected from multiple One or more of polyoxymethylene, DCM, DCC, DMAP, Py, DMSO, PBS, and glacial acetic acid; preferably, the linker is selected from disulfide bonds, p-phenylazido, bromopropyne, or PEG; preferably, Clicking on the link is to modify the precursor of the biologically active substance and the nucleic acid domain simultaneously with alkynyl or azide modification, and then click on the link.
- the above classification does not mean that there is only one way to connect a certain biologically active substance to the nucleic acid domain. Instead, some biologically active substances can be connected to the nucleic acid domain by physical intercalation, or by physical intercalation and covalent connection, and may also be connected by clicking a link . But for a specific biologically active substance, there may be only one connection method, or there may be multiple connection methods, but some of the connection efficiency may have an advantageous practical value.
- the intercalated binding sites and the number are also slightly different.
- intercalating anthracyclines and acridine drugs they are usually interposed between GC base pairs.
- the preferred number of intercalation sites varies according to the number of GC base pairs on the nucleic acid domain, according to 1 ⁇ 100: 1 ratio for interpolation.
- naphthylamide drugs are intercalated, they are usually intercalated between AA base pairs.
- the preferred number of intercalation sites depends on the number of AA base pairs on the nucleic acid domain.
- the pyridocarbazoles are based on AA bases.
- the number of pairs is interpolated according to the ratio of 1 to 200: 1.
- the length of the a, b, and c sequences forming the nucleic acid domain in the nucleic acid nanoparticles and the number of GC complementary base pairs, the biologically active substance and the nucleic acid domain can be reasonably selected
- the molar ratio is physically intercalated.
- the molar ratio of the physically intercalated bioactive substance and the covalently linked drug is 1 to 200: 1.
- This connection method is suitable for anthracyclines and acridine drugs.
- the proportion of the drugs connected by the different connection methods is not limited to the above range, as long as it can meet the high-efficiency mounting, has no toxic effect on the cells, and can achieve the effective release of the drug after reaching the target.
- connection position may also change accordingly, which can be understood by those skilled in the art.
- the site where the biologically active substance precursor is modified with an alkynyl group or an azide group is selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfhydryl group, or an amino group.
- the site where the alkynyl or azide modification of the domain is selected from amino group, imino group or hydroxyl group.
- the nucleic acid domain when the nucleic acid domain is combined with a drug, the nucleic acid domain is water-soluble, and most drugs have poor water solubility, and when combined with the nucleic acid domain, the water solubility is improved.
- these drugs are anthracyclines, these drugs pass the -NH bond on the nucleotide guanosine (under suitable pH conditions, the -NH group is more active than other groups that may covalently bind to the drug The activity is hundreds of times higher) covalently binds to the nucleic acid domain, thereby forming a drug-loaded nucleic acid domain.
- the supersaturation is 1.1 to 1.3 times the theoretical when binding
- the binding reaction can be performed in a quantitative manner, and a maximum of 35 to 45 drugs can be bound to one nucleic acid domain.
- the amount of loading is related to the occupation of the specific drug (including but not limited to molecular structure, morphology, shape and molecular weight), therefore, the active site of the drug and the nucleotide of the nucleic acid domain
- the binding conditions of the -NH bond on guanosine are relatively strict, and can also be mounted but it is difficult to cause excessive binding.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the nucleic acid nanoparticles described above.
- the nucleic acid domain can be modified by the target of the target cell to have good targeting, and at the same time, the corresponding therapeutic drug and / or tracer can also be mounted Sex molecules, so that therapeutic drugs and / or tracer molecules can be stably delivered with high reliability.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the nucleic acid nanocarrier drugs described above.
- a suitable combination drug or auxiliary material can be selected to form a drug combination that has a combined drug effect or can improve a certain performance (such as stability) of the drug.
- the tumor is breast cancer or ovarian cancer
- the drug is lenalidomide
- the tumor is acute leukemia or multiple myeloma
- the drug is cytarabine
- the tumor is acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma , Lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, rectum cancer, and head and neck cancer
- the drug is docetaxel
- the tumor is breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer , Pancreatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma, and soft tissue sarcoma
- the drug is idarubicin
- the tumor is acute lung lymphocytic leukemia, advanced breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma Any one or more of the tumors
- the drug is mitoxantrone
- nucleic acid nanocarrier drug in preparing a drug for treating viral keratitis and epidemic conjunctivitis, wherein the drug contained in the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug is cytarabine.
- nucleic acid nanocarrier drug in the preparation of a medicament for treating myelodysplastic syndrome, wherein the drug contained in the nucleic acid nanocarrier drug is idarubicin.
- the drug itself can be improved on the basis of the drug of the present application to obtain a new drug, or the drug of the present application can be used as a main active ingredient to prepare it into a formulation suitable for a dosage form.
- a method for preventing and / or treating tumors comprising: providing any one of the above nucleic acid nanocarrier drugs or pharmaceutical compositions; and administering an effective amount of the above nucleic acid nanoparticles to a tumor patient Carrier drug or pharmaceutical composition.
- the tumor is breast cancer or ovarian cancer.
- the effective amount herein includes a prophylactically effective amount and / or a therapeutically effective amount.
- the therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount effective to achieve a desired therapeutic result, such as reduction in breast cancer or ovarian cancer, within the necessary dose and time period.
- the dosage can be adjusted to provide the optimal therapeutic response dose, and the therapeutically effective amount can vary according to the following factors: the individual's disease state, age, sex, body weight, and formulation cause the desired response in the individual Ability.
- the meaning of a therapeutically effective amount also includes an amount in which the beneficial effect of the treatment exceeds its toxic or harmful effect.
- Prophylactically effective amount refers to the amount that effectively achieves the desired preventive results, such as preventing or suppressing the occurrence of acute breast cancer or ovarian cancer, within the necessary dose and time period.
- the prophylactically effective amount can be determined according to the above description of the therapeutically effective amount. For any specific subject, a specific dose can be adjusted over time based on individual needs and the professional judgment of the administering person.
- nucleic acid nanoparticles formed by self-assembly of the sequence or sequence modification provided by this application can also be used as basic structural units, and can be further polymerized to form multimers such as dimers and trimers according to actual application needs. , Tetramer, pentamer, hexamer or heptamer, etc.
- RNA and DNA nanoparticle carriers 1.
- RNA nanoparticles The three polynucleotide base sequences constituting RNA nanoparticles are shown in Table 1:
- DNA uses the same sequence as the above RNA, only T replaces U. Among them, the molecular weight of the a chain is 8802.66, the molecular weight of the b chain is 8280.33, and the molecular weight of the c chain is 9605.2.
- RNA nanoparticles and DNA nanoparticles were all synthesized by entrusting Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
- RNA self-assembly products The results of electrophoretic detection of RNA self-assembly products are shown in Figure 1.
- lanes 1 to 3 from left to right are: a chain, b chain, RNA self-assembly products.
- the RNA self-assembly product diffuses slightly, but it is obvious that it is a single band.
- the molecular weight is the molecular weight after assembly, which is larger than the single-stranded molecular weight, the band position lags behind the a-chain and the b-chain.
- the actual situation is consistent with the theory, proving that the above RNA single-strands form a stable composite structure by self-assembly , RNA nanoparticles were formed.
- RNA core sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, and SEQ ID NO: 5 can successfully self-assemble into RNA nano Particles.
- the a, b, and c sequences, including DNA core sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6, can also successfully self-assemble into DNA nanoparticles.
- the a, b, and c sequences of the above RNA nanoparticles and DNA nanoparticles also have various extended sequences (including drug-attached binding sequences) that promote the mounting function of the nucleic acid domain, and The target or fluorescein attached to the nucleic acid domain. It can be seen that the presence of substances other than these core sequences does not affect the formation of nucleic acid domains and the successful self-assembly of nucleic acid nanoparticles.
- the self-assembled nucleic acid nanoparticles can be targeted under the guidance of the target, and fluorescein can make the nucleic acid nanoparticles visible and traceable.
- the single strands of the above 7 groups of short-sequence RNA nanoparticle carriers were all entrusted to biotechnological engineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. for synthesis.
- RNA single-stranded a, b, and c together in DEPC water or TMS buffer at a molar ratio of 1: 1: 1;
- lanes 1 to 7 from left to right are: short sequences R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, R-5, R-6, R-7.
- Lanes 1 to 7 in Fig. 4 from left to right are: short sequences R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, R-5, R-6, R-7.
- Measurement method prepare the potential sample (self-assembled product dissolved in ultrapure water) into the sample cell, open the sample cell cover of the instrument, and put it into the instrument;
- Example 1 shows that different combinations of a, b, and c core sequences can form RNA nanoparticles with nucleic acid domains through self-assembly, and the structure is stable.
- Example 1 it can be known that adding various functional extension fragments or connecting targets, fluorescein, etc. on the basis of these different core sequence combinations can also successfully assemble into RNA nanoparticles, and have drug and cell targets mounted. Directivity and visual traceability.
- Example 4 In order to further verify these properties, an extended segment is added on the basis of Example 2, see Example 3 for details. In addition, based on the DNA core sequence corresponding to the RNA core sequence of Example 2, an extension segment is added, and the target is connected or not connected at the same time. For details, see Example 4.
- the single-strands of the above 7 groups of conventional sequence RNA nanoparticle carriers were commissioned by Suzhou Gema Corporation, of which the sequence a, b and c in R-8 to R-14 were respectively in R-1 to R-7
- the extended a-oligonucleotide sequence formed by adding an extended segment on the basis of the a sequence, the b sequence, and the c sequence, without extending the targeting module fragment, and performing C / U base 2'F modification (enhanced anti-enzyme cleavage Sex and stability).
- RNA nanoparticle R-14 is modified with a survivin (Survivin) siRNA nucleic acid interference treatment fragment, specifically extending the sense strand of Survivin siRNA at the 3 'end of the a chain (see the underlined part of a chain), in b The 5 'end of the strand is extended to connect the antisense strand (see the underlined part of the b strand) to form base pair complementarity.
- a survivin siRNA nucleic acid interference treatment fragment specifically extending the sense strand of Survivin siRNA at the 3 'end of the a chain (see the underlined part of a chain), in b
- the 5 'end of the strand is extended to connect the antisense strand (see the underlined part of the b strand) to form base pair complementarity.
- RNA single-stranded a, b, and c together in DEPC water or TMS buffer at a molar ratio of 1: 1: 1;
- Lanes 1 to 7 in Fig. 5 are from left to right in order: conventional sequence RNA self-assembly products R-8, R-9, R-10, R-11, R-12, R13, R-14.
- Lanes 1 to 7 in Fig. 6 are from left to right in order: conventional sequence RNA self-assembly products R-8, R-9, R-10, R-11, R-12, R13, R-14.
- the bands of the 7 groups of conventional sequence RNA self-assembly products are bright and clear single bands, indicating that the 7 groups of conventional sequences can self-assemble into nanostructures.
- the conventional sequence RNA self-assembly product R-14 modified a Survivin siRNA nucleic acid interference treatment fragment, still has a stable self-assembly structure, which also shows that the nucleic acid nanoparticles in this application can mount nucleic acid drugs and have the delivery of nucleic acid drugs Carrier function.
- Measurement method prepare the potential sample (self-assembled product dissolved in ultrapure water) into the sample cell, open the sample cell cover of the instrument, and put it into the instrument;
- the EGFRapt target or PSMAapt (A9L) target is extended in part a chain of the table:
- EGFRapt (SEQ ID NO: 97): GCCTTAGTAACGTGCTTTGATGTCGATTCGACAGGAGGC;
- PSMAapt (A9L, SEQ ID NO: 98):
- D-1 is based on the aforementioned core sequence (8) (a sequence: 5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3 ', b sequence: 5'-CCTTCGCCG-3', c sequence: 5'-CGGCCATAGCCC-3 ') , Add the conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles formed by the extended sequence containing the EGFRapt target (see underlined part);
- D-2 is based on the aforementioned core sequence (9) (a sequence: 5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3 ', b sequence: 5'-CGTTCGCCG-3', c sequence: 5'-CGGCCATAGCGC-3 ') , Add the conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles formed by the extended sequence containing the EGFRapt target (see underlined part);
- D-3 is based on the aforementioned core sequence (10) (a sequence: 5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3 ', b sequence: 5'-GCTTCGCCG-3', c sequence: 5'-CGGCCATAGCCG-3 ') , Add the conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles formed by the extended sequence containing the EGFRapt target (see underlined part);
- D-4 is based on the aforementioned core sequence (11) (a sequence: 5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3 ', b sequence: 5'-CCTTCGGGG-3', c sequence: 5'-CCCCCATAGCCC-3 ') , Add the conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles formed by extending the sequence containing the PSMAapt target (see underlined part);
- D-5 is based on the aforementioned core sequence (12) (a sequence: 5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3 ', b sequence: 5'-CGTTCGGCG-3', c sequence: 5'-CGCCCATAGCGC-3 ') , Add the conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles formed by extending the sequence containing the PSMAapt target (see underlined part);
- D-6 is based on the aforementioned core sequence (13) (a sequence: 5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3 ', b sequence: 5'-CGTTCGGCC-3', c sequence: 5'-GGCCCATAGCGC-3 ') , After adding the extended sequence that does not contain the target structure; the formation of conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles;
- D-7 is based on the aforementioned core sequence (14) (a sequence: 5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3 ', b sequence: 5'-GCTTCGGCG-3', c sequence: 5'-CGCCCATAGCCG-3 ') , After adding the extended sequence that does not contain the target structure; the formation of conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles.
- the eighth group is based on the core sequence (15) described above, and the conventional sequence DNA nanoparticles formed by adding the extended sequence containing the EGFRapt target (see bold part in bold) are added.
- the specific sequence is as follows:
- c chain (SEQ ID NO: 174 :): 5'-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCGCG-3 '; the first three bases at the 5' end and the last three bases at the 3 'were thio-modified, and the 3' end was connected with a Cy5 fluorescent label.
- Group 9 is based on the core sequence (15) described above, and the DNA nanoparticles formed by extending the sequence are added.
- the specific sequence is as follows:
- a chain (SEQ ID NO: 178 :): 5’-CGCGCGCGCCCACGAGCGTTCCGGGCGCCGCCGC-3 ’; the first three bases at the 5’ end and the last three bases at the 3 ’end were thio-modified, and the 5’ end was connected to Biotin;
- b chain (SEQ ID NO: 179 :): 5'-GCGGCGGCGCCCGGTTCGCCGCCAGCCGCCGCC-3 '; the first three bases at the 5' end and the last three bases at the 3 'are thio-modified;
- c chain (SEQ ID NO: 180 :): 5'-GGCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCGCG-3 ', the first three bases at the 5' end and the last three bases at the 3 'are thio-modified, and the 5' end is connected with a Cy5 fluorescent label.
- Lanes 1 to 7 in Fig. 7 from left to right are: conventional sequence DNA self-assembly products D-1, D-2, D-3, D-4, D-5, D-6, D-7.
- Lanes 1 to 7 in Fig. 8 from left to right are: conventional sequence DNA self-assembly products D-1, D-2, D-3, D-4, D-5, D-6, D-7.
- the 2% agarose gel electrophoresis diagrams of the DNA self-assembly products of Group 8 and Group 9 are shown in Figure 9.
- the lanes in Fig. 9 from right to left are: the a-chain single strand of group 8 and DNA self-assembly products D-8 and D-9.
- DNA nanoparticles can also be successfully assembled, and also have drug-mounted, cell-targeting and Depending on performance such as traceability.
- Measurement method prepare the potential sample (self-assembled product dissolved in ultrapure water) into the sample cell, open the sample cell cover of the instrument, and put it into the instrument;
- the filter paper absorbs the liquid
- the filter paper is blotted and dried at room temperature
- Nucleic acid nanoparticles similar to the RNA nanoparticles in Example 1, except that the fluorescent label on the c chain is Cy5.
- reaction solution was extracted with chloroform (10 mL ⁇ 3), followed by the addition of 25 mL of absolute ethanol, and after mixing, the product was analyzed by placing at 4 ° C in the dark (4 hours). After centrifugation (4000 / min), the supernatant was transferred, and the solid product was washed again with ethanol (50 mL), and the solvent was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at a low temperature to obtain a dark red solid product.
- the mounting rate of paclitaxel-RNAh nucleic acid nanoparticles is about 12, indicating that each nucleic acid nanoparticle carrier can mount about 12 paclitaxel molecules.
- the mounting method and the calculation method of the mounting rate are the same as the above RNA nucleic acid nanoparticles.
- the specific nucleic acid nanoparticles used are: DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5, where the three DNAh chains are:
- c chain (SEQ ID NO: 174 :): 5'-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCGCG-3 '; the first three bases at the 5' end and the last three bases at the 3 '(italic part) were thio-modified, and the 3' end was connected to Cy5 fluorescence mark.
- the mounting rate of paclitaxel-DNAh nanoparticles is about 12, indicating that each DNA rice particle carrier can mount about 12 paclitaxel.
- Example 5 shows that RNA nanoparticles (in Example 1) and DNA nanoparticles with extended fragments, targets and fluorescein have the function of drug loading, and the small molecule drug paclitaxel can be covalently linked (multiple POM-solvent covalent) to achieve mounting.
- SK-OV-3 (source ATCC, article number HTB-77), medium is MEM + 10% FBS, culture conditions are 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 , saturation humidity.
- Targeted drug DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-paclitaxel (the mounting product of DNA nanoparticles in Example 5).
- Fluorescent carrier DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5.
- Fluorescence carrier or paclitaxel detection channel excitation light wavelength: 488nm, emission light channel: 560nm;
- the paclitaxel targeting drug DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5-Paclitaxel can bind to SK-OV-3 cells, and the binding rate is nearly one hundred percent; while the fluorescent carrier DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5 can also be -OV-3 cells are combined, and the binding rate is also 100%.
- DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-paclitaxel (same as Example 6), concentration 1000.0 ⁇ g / ml.
- Electrophoresis instrument PowerPac Basic, Bio-rad
- vertical electrophoresis tank Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell, Bio-rad
- decolorizing shaker T-3D, orbital shaker
- gel imager Tanon 3500, Tanon
- DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-paclitaxel nanoparticles are around 200bp.
- DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-paclitaxel nanoparticles are basically stable at 37 ° C.
- RNAh-Bio-670-paclitaxel nanoparticles are prepared according to the self-assembly method in Example 1 in the a chain and b chain 5 ' Biotin modification at the end, and quasar670 fluorescein modification at the 3 'end of the c-chain, and nanoparticles formed after further mounting paclitaxel (in accordance with the chemical method in Example 5).
- EMEM medium Gibco
- Fetal bovine serum Fetal Bovine serum (FBS) (ExCell Bio, FNA500-500mL); Penicillin / Streptomycin (PS) (Gibco, 15140-122-100mL); PBS buffer Solution (Gibco, C20012500BT-500mL); Trypsin-EDTA (Stemcell, 07901-500mL); DMSO (Sigma, D5879-1L); CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit (CTG) (Promega, G7572-100mL).
- CTG CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit
- Inverted microscope Inverted Microscope
- 96-well plate reader 96-well Plate Reader
- Molecular Devices Flexstation 3
- Perkin Elmer Envision 2104 Multilabel Reader No. 01-094- 0002
- U87MG was added to EMEM basal medium with 10% FBS and 1% PS, respectively, and cultured at 37 ° C and 5% CO 2 .
- the cell density used in the experiment is above 80%.
- the cells were collected, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 4 minutes, the medium was resuspended, the cell concentration was adjusted, and 90 ⁇ L of 5000 cells were added to a 96-well plate, with 4 replicate wells per group.
- the cells after the above drug addition were cultured at 37 ° C and 5% CO 2 for 72 hours.
- the obtained experimental data was analyzed and processed using excel software, and the curve fitting analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5 software.
- RNAh-Bio-670-paclitaxel nanoparticles have a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of U87MG cells, and it is difficult to predict: When the drug concentration was 10 ⁇ M, the inhibition rates of the two drugs on the cells were 23.77% and 43.26%, respectively. It can be seen that RNAh-Bio-670-paclitaxel nanoparticles have stronger inhibitory activity on cell proliferation, so they can significantly reduce the dosage of drugs and reduce toxic and side effects.
- this application further designed the toxicity experiment of RNAh-Bio-FAM targeted fluorescent carrier to U87MG cells, using the small molecule drug Cisplatin to U87MG The toxicity of the cells was used as a control. The results showed that the fluorescent carrier itself had no significant toxicity to U87MG cells (data not shown).
- GraphPad Prism 5.0 software was used to graphically process the data. To calculate IC50, the data was subjected to "S" shaped nonlinear regression analysis to match the appropriate dose-effect curve. The calculation formula of survival rate is as follows, IC50 can be calculated automatically in GraphPad Prism 5.0.
- the small molecule drug paclitaxel and DNAh-loaded particles DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5- Paclitaxel is toxic to SKOV3 cells.
- the IC50 of paclitaxel and paclitaxel-Bio-EGFRapt-DNAh on SKOV3 cells were ⁇ 0.001 ⁇ M and 16.05 ⁇ M, and the IC50 of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 and DMSO on SKOV3 cells were 1 ⁇ M and> 1%.
- RNA single-stranded a, b, and c together in DEPC water or TMS buffer at a molar ratio of 1: 1: 1;
- the main reagents and instruments are as follows:
- Measurement method prepare the potential sample (self-assembled product dissolved in ultrapure water) into the sample cell, open the sample cell cover of the instrument, and put it into the instrument;
- the TM values of 7 sets of extended segment deformation + core short sequence RNA nanoparticles were detected, and the samples were consistent with the potential samples.
- the program is set to start at 20 °C, the temperature is increased from 0.1 °C to 95 °C every second, and the reading is taken every 5 s.
- the TM values of the 7 groups of extended segment deformation + core short-sequence RNA nanoparticles are as follows, the dissolution curve of R-15 is shown in Figure 16, the dissolution curve of R-16 is shown in Figure 17, the dissolution curve of R-17 is shown in Figure 18, The dissolution curve of R-18 is shown in Figure 19, the dissolution curve of R-19 is shown in Figure 20, the dissolution curve of R-20 is shown in Figure 21, and the dissolution curve of R-21 is shown in Figure 22. Due to the particularity of the RNA sample, this test takes the temperature corresponding to 1 / 2RFUmax value within the range of 20 ⁇ 90 °C as the sample Tm value.
- TM values of 7 groups of extended segment deformation + core short-sequence RNA nanoparticles are all high, indicating that the self-assembled products have good structural stability.
- the main reagents and instruments are as follows:
- Measurement method prepare the potential sample (self-assembled product dissolved in ultrapure water) into the sample cell, open the sample cell cover of the instrument, and put it into the instrument;
- the TM values of the 7 groups of extended segment deformation + core short sequence DNA nanoparticles were detected, and the samples were consistent with the potential samples.
- the program is set to start at 20 °C, the temperature is increased from 0.1 °C to 95 °C every second, and the reading is taken every 5 s.
- the TM values of the 7 sets of extended segment deformation + core short-sequence DNA nanoparticles are as follows, the dissolution curve of D-8 is shown in Figure 24, the dissolution curve of D-9 is shown in Figure 25, and the dissolution curve of D-10 is shown in Figure 26
- the dissolution curve of D-11 is shown in Figure 27, the dissolution curve of D-12 is shown in Figure 28, the dissolution curve of D-13 is shown in Figure 29, and the dissolution curve of D-14 is shown in Figure 30.
- the stability of 7 groups of extended segment deformation + core short sequence RNA nanoparticles in serum was characterized by non-denaturing PAGE method.
- the main reagents and instruments are as follows:
- RNA nanoparticles Prepare the RNA nanoparticles to the concentration in the table below, then dilute the prepared sample according to the method in the table below, dilute 5 tubes, and dilute the sample at 37 °C water bath for different times (0, 10min, 1h, 12h, 36h);
- the electrophoretic test results of R-15 are shown in Figure 31, the electrophoretic test results of R-16 are shown in Figure 32, the electrophoretic test results of R-17 are shown in Figure 33, the electrophoretic test results of R-18 are shown in Figure 34, and the electrophoretic test of R-19
- the results are shown in Figure 35
- the electrophoretic detection results of R-20 are shown in Figure 36
- the electrophoretic detection results of R-21 are shown in Figure 37.
- the lanes from left to right are M: marker; 1: 36h; 2: 12h; 3: 1h; 4: 10min; 5: 0min.
- the results of the non-denaturing gel at 10 min, 1 h, 12 h, and 36 h show that there is no significant difference in the bands of the RNA nanoparticle samples at different times, indicating that the RNA nanoparticles R-15 to R-21 are at 50% FBS
- the 1640 medium is relatively stable without obvious degradation.
- the stability of 7 groups of extended segment deformation + core short sequence DNA nanoparticles in serum was characterized by non-denaturing PAGE method.
- the main reagents and instruments are as follows:
- the D-8 electrophoresis test results are shown in Figure 38
- the D-9 electrophoresis test results are shown in Figure 39
- the D-10 electrophoresis test results are shown in Figure 40
- the D-11 electrophoresis test results are shown in Figure 41
- the D-12 electrophoresis test results The results are shown in Figure 42
- the electrophoresis detection results of D-13 are shown in Figure 43
- the electrophoresis detection results of D-14 are shown in Figure 44.
- the lanes from left to right are M: marker; 1: 36h; 2: 12h; 3: 1h; 4: 10min; 5: 0min.
- Example 5 According to the chemical method of Example 5 (except for special restrictions, the method is the same as Example 5), using R-15, R-16, R-17, R-18, R-19 in the previous Example 10 respectively , R-20 and R-21 self-assembled RNA nanoparticles, D-8, D-9, D-10, D-11, D-12, D-13 and D-14 self-assembled in Example 11
- the DNA nanoparticles were used as doxorubicin mounting carriers, and the doxorubicin mounting rates were measured as follows:
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for RNA nanoparticles R-15 is 20.5;
- doxorubicin for RNA nanoparticles R-16 is 29.4;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for RNA nanoparticles R-17 is 30.9;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for RNA nanoparticles R-18 is 34.1;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for RNA nanoparticles R-19 is 27.1;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for RNA nanoparticles R-20 is 30.2;
- RNA nanoparticle R-21 The mounting rate of doxorubicin for RNA nanoparticle R-21 is 20.1;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for DNA nanoparticles D-8 is 28.0;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for DNA nanoparticles D-9 is 27.9;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for DNA nanoparticles D-10 is 18.9;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for DNA nanoparticles D-11 is 26.8;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for DNA nanoparticles D-12 is 27.6;
- the mounting rate of doxorubicin for DNA nanoparticles D-13 is 31.8;
- the DNA nanoparticle D-14 had an adriamycin loading rate of 32.
- HepG2 (source Xiehe cell bank), medium is DMEM + 10% FBS + 1% double antibody (gibco, 15140-122), culture conditions are 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 , saturation humidity.
- Blank vector DNA nanoparticle vector formed by self-assembly of D-8, D-9, D-10, D-11, D-12, D-13 and D-14 in the foregoing Example 11.
- Carrier drug according to the chemical method of Example 5 (except for special restrictions, the method is the same as Example 5), using D-8, D-9, D-10, D-11, D in the foregoing Example 11 -12, D-13 and D-14 self-assembled DNA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin, which were denoted as D-8-doxorubicin, D-9-doxorubicin, D-10-doxorubicin, D-11-Doxorubicin, D-12-Doxorubicin, D-13-Doxorubicin and D-14-Doxorubicin.
- CCK8 method was used to detect the toxicity of DNA nanoparticles and carrier drugs to HepG2.
- HepG2 (source Xiehe cell bank), medium is DMEM + 10% FBS + 1% double antibody (gibco, 15140-122), culture conditions are 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 , saturation humidity.
- Blank vector DNA nanoparticle vectors formed by self-assembly of D-8, D-9, D-10, D-11, D-12, D-13, and D-14 in the foregoing Example 11 are respectively denoted as: D- 8. D-9, D-10, D-11, D-12, D-13 and D-14.
- Carrier drug according to the chemical method of Example 5 (except for special restrictions, the method is the same as Example 5), using D-8, D-9, D-10, D-11, D in the foregoing Example 11 -12, D-13 and D-14 self-assembled DNA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin, which were denoted as D-8-doxorubicin, D-9-doxorubicin, D-10-doxorubicin, D-11-Doxorubicin, D-12-Doxorubicin, D-13-Doxorubicin and D-14-Doxorubicin.
- the mounted drug and the blank carrier were first prepared into a 100 ⁇ M stock solution with PBS, and then diluted with complete medium (without biotin DMEM).
- the original drug adriamycin was first formulated into a 100 ⁇ M stock solution with DMSO, and then diluted with complete medium (without biotin DMEM).
- DMSO is directly diluted with complete medium (without biotin DMEM).
- the original drug doxorubicin and the mounted drugs D-8-doxorubicin, D -9-Doxorubicin, D-10-Doxorubicin, D-11-Doxorubicin, D-12-Doxorubicin, D-13-Doxorubicin and D-14-Doxorubicin act on HepG2 cells the IC 50 are 0.2725 ⁇ M, 0.05087 ⁇ M, 0.0386, 0.03955,0.04271,0.02294,0.03017 and 0.03458; DMSO acting on the IC 50 of HepG2 cells>0.1%; D-8 (empty vector), D-9 (empty vector ), D-10 (Blank Vector), D-11 (Blank Vector), D-12 (Blank Vector), D-13 (Blank Vector) and D-14 (Blank Vector) all have IC 50 on
- the small molecule drug adriamycin And mounted drugs D-8-doxorubicin, D-9-doxorubicin, D-10-doxorubicin, D-11-doxorubicin, D-12-doxorubicin, D-13-doxorubicin And D-14-doxorubicin are both toxic to HepG2 cells, and the drugs D-8-doxorubicin, D-9-doxorubicin, D-10-doxorubicin, D-11-doxorubicin are mounted Compared with the original drug, doxorubicin, D-12, doxorubicin, D-13-doxorubicin and D-14-doxorubicin have obvious synergistic effects.
- Example 5 According to the chemical mounting method of Example 5 (the method is the same as that of Example 5 unless otherwise specified), the DNA nanoparticles formed by the self-assembly of D-10 and D-14 in the foregoing Example 11 are used as daunorubicin ⁇ carrier. Measure the absorbance of daunorubicin at 492nm using a microplate reader, and draw a standard curve (as shown in Figure 46).
- the measured mounting rates of daunorubicin are as follows:
- the mounting rate of daunorubicin for DNA nanoparticles D-10 is 24.0;
- DNA nanoparticle D-14 had a daunorubicin mounting rate of 25.1.
- Nucleic acid nanoparticles similar to the RNA nanoparticles in Example 1, except that the fluorescent label on the c chain is Cy5.
- reaction solution was extracted with chloroform (10 mL ⁇ 3), followed by the addition of 25 mL of absolute ethanol, and after mixing, the product was analyzed by placing at 4 ° C in the dark (4 hours). After centrifugation (4000 / min), the supernatant was transferred, and the solid product was washed again with ethanol (50 mL), and the solvent was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at a low temperature to obtain a dark red solid product.
- the lenalidomide-RNAh particles are dissolved in 100 ⁇ l PBS;
- RNAh -1 38.4 ⁇ g / ml, M RNAh ⁇ 30000, 100 ⁇ l;
- C lenalidomide -1 12.2 ⁇ M, 100 ⁇ l;
- RNAh -2 49.3 ⁇ g / ml, M RNAh ⁇ 30000, 100 ⁇ l;
- C lenalidomide -2 26.7 ⁇ M, 100 ⁇ l;
- the mounting rate of lenalidomide-RNAh nucleic acid nanoparticles is about 13, indicating that each nucleic acid nanoparticle carrier can mount about 13 lenalidomide molecules.
- the mounting method and the calculation method of the mounting rate are the same as the above RNA nucleic acid nanoparticles.
- the specific nucleic acid nanoparticles used are: DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5, where the three DNAh chains are:
- c chain (SEQ ID NO: 174 :): 5'-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCGCG-3 '; the first three bases at the 5' end and the last three bases at the 3 'were thio-modified, and the 3' end was connected with a Cy5 fluorescent label.
- the mounting rate of lenalidomide-DNAh nanoparticles is about 13, indicating that each DNA rice particle carrier can mount about 13 lenalidomide.
- Example 18 shows that both RNA nanoparticles (in Example 1) and DNA nanoparticles with extended fragments, targets and fluorescein have the function of loading drugs, and the small molecule drug lenalidomide can be covalently Connect (paraformaldehyde-solvent covalent) to achieve mounting.
- RPMI 8226 source ATCC, article number CRM-CCL-155
- the culture medium is RPMI 1640 + 10% FBS
- the culture conditions are 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 , and saturation humidity.
- Targeted drug DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-lenalidomide (the mounting product of DNA nanoparticles in Example 18).
- Fluorescent carrier DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 (DNA nanoparticles in Example 18).
- Fluorescence carrier or lenalidomide detection channel excitation light wavelength: 488nm, emission light channel: 560nm;
- DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-lenalidomide (same as Example 19), concentration 1.4 mg / ml.
- Electrophoresis instrument PowerPac Basic, Bio-rad
- vertical electrophoresis tank Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell, Bio-rad
- decolorizing shaker T-3D, orbital shaker
- gel imager Tanon 3500, Tanon
- GraphPad Prism 5.0 software was used to graphically process the data. To calculate IC50, the data was subjected to "S" shaped nonlinear regression analysis to match the appropriate dose-effect curve. The calculation formula of survival rate is as follows, IC50 can be calculated automatically in GraphPad Prism 5.0.
- the small molecule drugs lenalidomide and DNAh compared to the simple DNAh targeting fluorescent carrier DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5
- the drug-loaded particles DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-lenalidomide are toxic to RPMI 8226 cells, and the DNAh-loaded particles DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-lenalidomide have an IC50 concentration less than that of small-molecule drugs. 1/5 of the IC50 drug concentration of nalidamine.
- the IC50 of lenalidomide and DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-lenalidomide on RPMI 8226 cells was 72.33 ⁇ M and 13.35 ⁇ M, and the IC50 of DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5 and DMSO on RPMI 8226 cells were> 0.1 ⁇ M and> 1%.
- the nucleic acid nanoparticles are: DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5, where the three strands of DNAh are:
- c chain (SEQ ID NO: 174 :): 5'-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCGCG-3 '; the first three bases at the 5' end and the last three bases at the 3 'were thio-modified, and the 3' end was connected with a Cy5 fluorescent label.
- reaction solution was extracted with chloroform (10 mL ⁇ 3), followed by the addition of 25 mL of absolute ethanol, and after mixing, the product was analyzed by placing at 4 ° C in the dark (4 hours). After centrifugation (4000 / min), the supernatant was transferred, and the solid product was washed again with ethanol (50 mL), and the solvent was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at a low temperature to obtain a dark red solid product.
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Abstract
提供了一种核酸纳米载体药物、其制备方法、药物组合物及应用。该核酸纳米载药物包括核酸纳米颗粒载体和药物,且药物挂载在核酸纳米颗粒上;药物包括紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌中的一种或多种;核酸纳米颗粒包括核酸结构域,核酸结构域包含a序列、b序列和c序列,a序列包含a1序列或者a1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列,b序列包含b1序列或者b1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列,c序列包含c1序列或者c1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列。所述核酸纳米载体药物,其核酸结构域经过靶头修饰后,可具有靶向性,能够递送药物。
Description
根据本申请的第五个方面,还提供了一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的方法,该方法包括:提供上述任一种核酸纳米载体药物或药物组合物;给予肿瘤患者有效量的上述核酸纳米载体药物或药物组合物。
进一步地,肿瘤为乳腺癌或卵巢癌。
本申请提供的核酸纳米载体药物中包括核酸纳米颗粒和药物,且药物通过物理连接和/或共价连接的形式挂载在核酸纳米颗粒上,其中,药物包括紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌中的一种或多种;该核酸纳米颗粒中,通过包含本申请所提供的三条序列或其变异序列,不仅能够自组装形成核酸结构域,而且可以作为载体在三条链的任意5'端和/或3'末端连接药物,或者能够使药物稳定地嵌插在核酸结构域的链间。本申请通过将小分子药物药物挂载于核酸纳米颗粒上,利用核酸纳米颗粒的内部疏水性、外部的亲水性以及碱基的堆砌效应,对药物起到了“包被作用”,而且包被作用或共价连接使药物在一定的时间内不会被溶解,提高了递送的稳定性。此外,当核酸结构域经过靶头修饰后,可具有较好的靶向性,能够稳定地递送药物,可靠性很高;同时能减少药物与非目标细胞或组织的接触的机会,降低毒副作用。
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1示出了本申请实施例1中自组装形成的RNA纳米颗粒的电泳检测结果;
图2示出了本申请实施例1中自组装形成的DNA纳米颗粒的电泳检测结果;
图3示出了本申请实施例2中自组装形成的前7组短序列RNA纳米颗粒的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果;
图4示出了本申请实施例2中自组装形成的前7组短序列RNA纳米颗粒的4%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果;
图5示出了本申请实施例3中自组装形成的7组常规序列RNA纳米颗粒的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果;
图6示出了本申请实施例3中自组装形成的7组常规序列RNA纳米颗粒的4%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果;
图7示出了本申请实施例4中自组装形成的7组常规序列DNA纳米颗粒的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果;
图8示出了本申请实施例4中自组装形成的7组常规序列DNA纳米颗粒的4%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果;
图9示出了本申请实施例4中自组装形成的第8组和第9组DNA纳米颗粒的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果;
图10示出了本申请实施例4中自组装形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒D-7的透射电镜照片;
图11a示出了本申请实施例5中RNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中紫杉醇吸光度的标准曲线;
图11b示出了本申请实施例5中DNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中紫杉醇吸光度的标准曲线;
图12本申请实施例7中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇纳米颗粒在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图13示出了本申请实施例8中小分子药物紫杉醇及RNAh-Biotin-quasar670-紫杉醇纳米颗粒抑制U87MG细胞增殖情况检测结果;以及
图14a至图14d示出了实施例9中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇纳米颗粒抑制SKOV3细胞增殖的检测结果,其中,图14a是小分子药物紫杉醇对SKOV3细胞的增殖抑制情况,图14b是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇(靶向药)对SKOV3细胞的增殖抑制情况,图14c是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对SKOV37细胞的增殖抑制情况,而图14d是DMSO的空白对照对SKOV3细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图15示出了本发明实施例10中7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA自组装产物的非变性PAGE胶电泳检测结果;
图16示出了本发明实施例10中RNA纳米颗粒R-15的溶解曲线;
图17示出了本发明实施例10中RNA纳米颗粒R-16的溶解曲线;
图18示出了本发明实施例10中RNA纳米颗粒R-17的溶解曲线;
图19示出了本发明实施例10中RNA纳米颗粒R-18的溶解曲线;
图20示出了本发明实施例10中RNA纳米颗粒R-19的溶解曲线;
图21示出了本发明实施例10中RNA纳米颗粒R-20的溶解曲线;
图22示出了本发明实施例10中RNA纳米颗粒R-21的溶解曲线;
图23示出了本发明实施例11中7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA自组装产物的非变性PAGE胶电泳检测结果;
图24示出了本发明实施例11中DNA纳米颗粒D-8的溶解曲线;
图25示出了本发明实施例11中DNA纳米颗粒D-9的溶解曲线;
图26示出了本发明实施例11中DNA纳米颗粒D-10的溶解曲线;
图27示出了本发明实施例11中DNA纳米颗粒D-11的溶解曲线;
图28示出了本发明实施例11中DNA纳米颗粒D-12的溶解曲线;
图29示出了本发明实施例11中DNA纳米颗粒D-13的溶解曲线;
图30示出了本发明实施例11中DNA纳米颗粒D-14的溶解曲线;
图31示出了本发明实施例12中RNA纳米颗粒R-15在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图32示出了本发明实施例12中RNA纳米颗粒R-16在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图33示出了本发明实施例12中RNA纳米颗粒R-17在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图34示出了本发明实施例12中RNA纳米颗粒R-18在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图35示出了本发明实施例12中RNA纳米颗粒R-19在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图36示出了本发明实施例12中RNA纳米颗粒R-20在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图37示出了本发明实施例12中RNA纳米颗粒R-21在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图38示出了本发明实施例13中DNA纳米颗粒D-8在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图39示出了本发明实施例13中DNA纳米颗粒D-9在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图40示出了本发明实施例13中DNA纳米颗粒D-10在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图41示出了本发明实施例13中DNA纳米颗粒D-11在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图42示出了本发明实施例13中DNA纳米颗粒D-12在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图43示出了本发明实施例13中DNA纳米颗粒D-13在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图44示出了本发明实施例13中DNA纳米颗粒D-14在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图45a、图45b、图45c、图45d、图45e、图45f、图45g、图45h分别示出了本发明实施例16中DMSO和原药阿霉素、D-8和D-8-阿霉素、D-9和D-9-阿霉素、D-10和D-10-阿霉素、D-11和D-11-阿霉素、D-12和D-12-阿霉素、D-13和D-13-阿霉素、D-14和D-14-阿霉素所对应的细胞存活率曲线;
图46示出了实施例17的挂载率检测过程中采用的柔红霉素吸光度的标准曲线;
图47a示出了本申请实施例18中RNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中来那度胺吸光度的标准曲线;
图47b示出了本申请实施例18中DNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中来那度胺吸光度的标准曲线;
图48示出了本申请实施例20中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺纳米颗粒在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;以及
图49a至图49d示出了实施例21中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺纳米颗粒抑制RPMI 8226细胞增殖的检测结果,其中,图49a是小分子药物来那度胺对RPMI 8226细胞的增殖抑制情况,图49b是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺(靶向药)对RPMI 8226细胞的增殖抑制情况,图49c是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对RPMI 8226细胞的增殖抑制情况,而图49d是DMSO的空白对照对RPMI 8226细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图50示出了本申请实施例22中DNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中阿糖胞苷吸光度的标准曲线;
图51示出了本申请实施例24中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷纳米颗粒在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;以及
图52a至图52d示出了实施例25中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷纳米颗粒抑制MCF-7细胞增殖的检测结果,其中,图452a是小分子药物阿糖胞苷对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,图52b是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷(靶向药)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,图52c是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,而图52d是DMSO的空白对照对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图53a示出了本申请实施例26中RNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中多西他赛吸光度的标准曲线;
图53b示出了本申请实施例26中DNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中多西他赛吸光度的标准曲线;
图54示出了本申请实施例28中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图55示出了本申请实施例29中小分子药物多西他赛及RNAh-Biotin-quasar670-多西他赛纳米颗粒抑制HCT116细胞增殖情况检测结果;
图56a至图56d示出了实施例30中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒抑制MCF-7细胞增殖的检测结果,其中,图56a是小分子药物多西他赛对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,图56b是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛(靶向药)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,图56c是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,而图56d是DMSO的空白对照对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图57a至图57d示出了实施例30中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒抑制SKOV3细胞增殖的检测结果,其中,图57a是小分子药物多西他赛对SKOV3细胞的增殖抑制情况,图57b是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛(靶向药)对SKOV3细胞的增殖抑制情况,图57c是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对SKOV3细胞的增殖抑制情况,而图57d是DMSO的空白对照对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图58示出了本申请实施例31中DNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中米托蒽醌吸光度的标准曲线;
图59示出了本申请实施例32中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit纳米颗粒在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;
图60是实施例33中小分子药物米托蒽醌对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图61是实施例33中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit(靶向药)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图62是实施例33中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图63是实施例33中DMSO的空白对照对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;
图64示出了本申请实施例34中DNA纳米颗粒挂载率检测过程中伊达比星吸光度的标准曲线;
图65示出了本申请实施例36中DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星纳米颗粒在血清中孵育不同时间后的电泳检测结果;以及
图66a至图66d示出了实施例37中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星纳米颗粒抑制MCF-7细胞增殖的检测结果,其中,图66a是小分子药物伊达比星对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,图66b是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星(靶向药)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,图66c是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况,而图66d是DMSO的空白对照对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制情况;以及
图67a至图67d示出了实施例37中DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星纳米颗粒抑制MV4-11细胞增殖的检测结果,其中,图67a是小分子药物伊达比星对MV4-11细胞的增殖抑制情况,图67b是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星(靶向药)对MV4-11细胞的增殖抑制情况,图67c是DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(靶向荧光载体)对MV4-11细胞的增殖抑制情况,而图67d是DMSO的空白对照对MV4-11细胞的增殖抑制情况。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
术语解释:
RNAh、DNAh或空白载体:指不含任何生物活性物质的空白核酸纳米颗粒载体,如RNAh或DNAh。
靶向载体:指含有靶头但不含有荧光物质的核酸纳米颗粒载体,如Biotin-RNAh或Biotin-DNAh。
荧光载体:指含有荧光物质但不含有靶头的核酸纳米颗粒载体,如Cy3-RNAh或Cy3-DNAh。
靶向荧光载体:指含有靶头和荧光物质的核酸纳米颗粒载体,如RNAh-Biotin-FAM或DNAh-Biotin-FAM。
靶向药:指含有靶头、荧光物质和化药的核酸纳米颗粒载体,如RNAh-Biotin-quasar670-紫杉醇或DNAh-Biotin-quasar670-紫杉醇。
需要说明的是,本申请中的各载体或生物活性物质的命名规则并无特殊格式,其在表述中的前后位置并不代表其在RNAh或DNAh的5’端或3’端,仅表示含有该生物活性物质。
如背景技术所提到的,现有技术中尽管已有多种提高药物递送效率的药物载体,但仍难以解决药物在临床上应用受限的问题。为了改善这一状况,本申请的发明人对现有所有可用作药物载体的材料进行了研究,并从载体的细胞/组织靶向性、运输过程中的稳定性、进入靶细胞的活性和效率、到达靶细胞后的药物释放能力以及对细胞的毒性等方面对各种载体进行了深入考察和分析,发现采用新兴的DNA和/或RNA分子自组装形成的纳米结构,比如,DNA树枝状大分子的自组装体系中DNA对核酸酶的降解有显著的阻碍作用,在基因治疗和生物医学领域有非常重要的应用价值。
通过对现有报道的DNA和RNA自组装形成的纳米颗粒进行分析发现,相对于比较刚性的DNA纳米颗粒而言,RNA纳米颗粒由于分子内或分子间存在大量的茎-环结构,其具有更大柔性和更强的张力,因而在作为候选药物载体方面更具优势。然而,自然状态的RNA纳米颗粒稳定性相对较差,而目前基于RNA纳米载体应用方面的改进,大多都是围绕提高其稳定 性和可靠性而展开的。目前的研究结果尽管在一定程度上提供了挂载药物的可能性,但更侧重于对核酸药物,尤其是siRNA药物或miRNA药物等挂载的可能性和有效性进行研究。而对于非核酸类的药物是否同样有效,目前报道很少。此外,现有的自组装纳米颗粒,尤其是作为载体应用的自组装纳米颗粒,目前都是采用RNA链进行自组装成的,极少数采用了RNA链和DNA链组合的形式进行自组装的,但却并没有采用纯粹的DNA链来实现自组装的。
为了提供一种新的可靠性好且能够自主装的RNA纳米颗粒载体,申请人对现有的RNA纳米颗粒进行了比较和改进,开发出了一系列新的RNA纳米颗粒,而且,从提高适用性及降低成本角度考虑,进一步尝试了采用纯粹的DNA链来进行自组装,意外发现改为这些DNA单链不仅能够实现自组装成DNA纳米颗粒,而且性能与RNA纳米颗粒同样优异。且,DNA纳米颗粒的自组装还具有价格廉价和易操作的优势。并经过实验验证,发明人所改进的RNA纳米颗粒和DNA纳米颗粒均能够挂载各种药物,并能在血清中稳定存在;进一步的实验验证,其能携带药物进入细胞,且单独的载体对细胞无毒性。而携带药物的载体能够对相应疾病起到缓解和治疗作用。
在上述研究结果的基础上,申请人提出了本申请的技术方案。本申请提供了一种核酸纳米载体药物,该药物包括核酸纳米颗粒和药物,且药物挂载在核酸纳米颗粒上;该核酸纳米颗粒包括核酸结构域,核酸结构域包含a序列、b序列和c序列,a序列包含a1序列或者a1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列,b序列包含b1序列或者b1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列,c序列包含c1序列或者c1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列;其中,a1序列为SEQ ID NO:1:5’-CCAGCGUUCC-3’或者SEQ ID NO:2:5’-CCAGCGTTCC-3’;b1序列为SEQ ID NO:3:5’-GGUUCGCCG-3’或者SEQ ID NO:4:5’-GGTTCGCCG-3’;c1序列为SEQ ID NO:5:5’-CGGCCAUAGCGG-3’或者SEQ ID NO:6:5’-CGGCCATAGCGG-3’。
本申请提供的核酸纳米载体药物中包括核酸纳米颗粒和药物,且药物挂载在所述核酸纳米颗粒上,其中,药物包括紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌中的一种或多种。该核酸纳米颗粒中,通过包含上述三条序列或其变异序列,不仅能够自组装形成核酸结构域,而且可以作为载体,在三条链的任意5'端和/或3'末端连接药物,或者能够使药物稳定地嵌插在核酸结构域的链间。本申请提供的核酸纳米载体药物,通过将小分子药物药物挂载于核酸纳米颗粒上,因核酸纳米颗粒的内部具有疏水性、外部具有亲水性以及碱基具有堆砌效应,相当于对药物起到了“包被作用”,而包被或共价连接使药物在一定的时间内不会被溶解,提高了递送的稳定性。此外,当核酸结构域经过靶头修饰后,可具有较好的靶向性,能够稳定地递送药物,可靠性很高;同时能减少药物与非目标细胞或组织的接触的机会,降低毒副作用。
上述自组装是指基本结构单元自发形成有序结构的一种技术。在自组装的过程中,基本结构单元在基于非共价键的相互作用下自发地组织或聚集为一个稳定、具有一定规则几何外观的结构。自组装过程并不是大量原子、离子或分子之间弱相互作用力(其中“弱相互作用力” 指氢键、范德华力、静电力、疏水作用力等)的简单叠加,而是若干个体之间同时自发的发生并联并集合在一起形成一个紧密而又有序的整体,是一种整体的复杂的协同作用。
自组装的产生需要两方面的条件:自主装的动力和导向作用。自组装的动力指分子间的弱相互作用力的协同作用,它为分子自组装提供能量。自组装的导向作用指的是分子在空间的互补性,也就是说自组装发生需要在空间的尺寸和方向上满足分子重排的要求。
DNA纳米技术是一种自下而上的分子自组装模式,由分子构造为起点基于核酸分子的物理和化学性质自发地形成稳定结构,遵循严格的核酸碱基配对原则。多个DNA片段在体外以正确顺序连接在一起,通过碱基互补配对原则,建立亚组装结构,最终形成复杂的多级结构。与DNA不同,RNA的结构可以超出双螺旋的限制。RNA可以形成一系列不同的碱基对,碱基对之间至少形成两个氢键。不同的碱基可以分为两种个类型,包括标准的Waston-Crick碱基对型和非Waston-Crick碱基对型,可以使得RNA形成大量和多种类型的循环结构模块,这些模块就是构成折叠RNA三级结构的基本单元。RNA纳米技术可以利用这些天然存在的3D模块及其可以预知的相互作用,其中,很多具有生物学活性的RNA结构都可以具有原子级别的分辨率,比如核糖体、各类核酶以及存在于核糖开关内的天然RNA适配体。RNA纳米技术的一个优越特性在于,可以设计出在大小和复杂性上都能够与天然RNA物质相媲美的结构。还可以对天然RNA复合体内的RNA的独特组装性质加以利用。
本申请的上述核酸纳米颗粒中,包含序列SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:3和SEQ ID NO:5所示的三条序列或其变异后的序列,或者包含序列SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:6所示的三条序列或其变异后的序列,均以能够通过自组装形成核酸纳米颗粒为准,具体变异后的序列可以在SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5和SEQ ID NO:6序列基础上合理选择变异位点及其变异类型得到,或者通过延长合适片段得到。
SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:3和SEQ ID NO:5自组装形成的纳米颗粒为RNA纳米颗粒,SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:6自组装形成的纳米颗粒为DNA纳米颗粒。在一种优选的实施例中,上述核酸纳米颗粒为RNA纳米颗粒时,且a序列、b序列、c序列中的至少一个序列包含至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列。该RNA纳米颗粒中变异序列的具体位置和碱基类型可以在能够实现自组装的前提下,根据需要改进为提高药物挂载量或提高稳定性的纳米颗粒。
为了使核酸纳米颗粒具有相对更高的稳定性,进而使经过药物挂载得到的核酸纳米载体药物更稳定,在对上述SEQ ID NO:1/2、SEQ ID NO:3/4和/或SEQ ID NO:5/6所示的序列进行碱基插入、缺失或替换时,可以在上述序列的某些特定位置的碱基上进行,一方面使得变异后的序列与原序列一样,能够自组装成纳米颗粒,另一方面变异保留与原序列至少50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%的同源性,使得其与上述序列自组装形成的纳米颗粒具有同样的载药特性和类似的稳定性,能够很好地挂载和递送药物。
在一种优选的实施例中,上述碱基插入、缺失或替换发生在:(1)SEQ ID NO:1或2所示的a序列的5’端起始的第1、2、4和5位碱基之间;和/或(2)SEQ ID NO:1或2所示的a序列的5’端起始的第8~10位碱基之间;和/或(3)SEQ ID NO:3或4所示的b序列的5’端起始的第1~3位碱基之间;和/或(4)SEQ ID NO:3或4所示的b序列的5’端起始的第6~9位碱基之间;和/或(5)SEQ ID NO:5或6所示的c序列的5’端起始的第1~4位碱基之间;和/或(6)SEQ ID NO:5或6所示的c序列的5’端起始的第9~12位碱基之间。
上述优选的实施例中,所限定的发生变异的碱基位置,是在SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5和SEQ ID NO:6所示的序列形成的纳米结构中的非经典Watson-Crick配对碱基位置或凸出的未配对碱基位置,因而不影响这些凸出或loop结构的形成,从而保持了上述序列形成的纳米结构的柔性和张力,有助于维持其作为载体的稳定性。
为了进一步提高上述核酸纳米颗粒的稳定性,进而提高药物挂载后形成的核酸纳米载体药物的稳定性,在一种优选的实施例中,a序列、b序列和c序列自组装成式(1)所示结构:
其中,W-C表示Watson-Crick配对,N和N’表示非Watson-Crick配对,任一位置的W-C各自独立地选自C-G或G-C,且a序列、b序列和c序列中至少两条序列各自的5’端和3’端的两个碱基不互补;在a序列中,从5’端起的第一个N为A,第二个N为G,第三个N为U或T,第四个N为U、T、A、C或G中的任意一个;在b序列中,从5’端起的第一个N’为U、T、A、C或G中的任意一个;第二个N’为U或T,第三个N’为C;在c序列中,沿5’端至3’端方向上的NNNN序列为CAUA或CATA。
上述优选的实施例中,a、b、c序列通过自组装形成具有式(1)所示的核酸结构域,其中,除了N和N’限定的非Watson-Crick配对碱基外,其余位置的碱基均形成的经典的Watson-Crick配对,并且上述Watson-Crick配对的碱基均选择G-C或C-G碱基对。由于G-C或C-G碱基对间的氢键的作用力大于A-U/T或U/T-A碱基对间的氢键的作用力,因而使得该核酸纳米结构更稳定。而非Watson-Crick配对碱基所形成的凸起或loop结构,为核酸纳米载体带来更大的张力,使得其对微环境变化的适应性更强,因而该核酸纳米颗粒的稳定性更高。
上述式(1)结构的纳米颗粒中,a序列、b序列和c序列的具体序列组成并无特殊限定,只要能够形成上述结构即可。从核酸序列自组装的角度考虑,为了进一步提高上述三条序列自组装成上述式(1)结构的纳米颗粒的效率,在选择Watson-Crick配对的碱基时,不同位置的碱基选择最好遵循如下原则:(1)a序列、b序列和c序列,单独一条序列时并不自我互补配对形成二级结构;(2)a序列、b序列和c序列,任意两条序列之间一端互补配对形成双链,另一端不互补配对,形成Y型或T型结构。上述碱基选择的原则是最大效率地使任意一条链的两端分别与其他两条链的两端分别互补配对,从而提高自组装效率。当然,除了Y型或T型结构,也可以是三叉以外的四边形等替他变形形式,只要满足任意两条序列之间一端互补配对形成双链,另一端不互补配对的原则即可。
上述式(1)结构的纳米颗粒中,非Watson-Crick配对碱基中,a序列中从5’端起的第四个N及b序列中与其配对的从5’端起的第一个N’,可以是非Watson-Crick配对的U-U,也可以是改进后的遵循Watson-Crick配对原则的T、A、C或G。Watson-Crick配对相对提高链间的结合力,提高稳定性,而非Watson-Crick配对赋予了纳米颗粒更大的柔性和灵活性,在面对微环境变化的时候,同样有助于提高纳米颗粒的稳定性。
在一种优选的实施例中,a序列、b序列和c序列为如下任意一组:(1)a序列(SEQ ID NO:7):5'-GGAGCGUUGG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:8):5'-CCUUCGCCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:9):5'-CGGCCAUAGCCC-3';(2)a序列(SEQ ID NO:10):5'-GCAGCGUUCG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:11):5'-CGUUCGCCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:12):5'-CGGCCAUAGCGC-3';(3)a序列(SEQ ID NO:13):5'-CGAGCGUUGC-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:14):5'-GCUUCGCCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:15):5'-CGGCCAUAGCCG-3';(4)a序列(SEQ ID NO:16):5'-GGAGCGUUGG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:17):5'-CCUUCGGGG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:18):5'-CCCCCAUAGCCC-3';(5)a序列(SEQ ID NO:19):5'-GCAGCGUUCG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:20):5'-CGUUCGGCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:21):5'-CGCCCAUAGCGC-3';(6)a序列(SEQ ID NO:22):5'-GCAGCGUUCG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:23):5'-CGUUCGGCC-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:24):5'-GGCCCAUAGCGC-3';(7)a序列(SEQ ID NO:25):5'-CGAGCGUUGC-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:26):5'-GCUUCGGCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:27):5'-CGCCCAUAGCCG-3';(8)a序列(SEQ ID NO:28):5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:29):5'-CCTTCGCCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:30):5'-CGGCCATAGCCC-3';(9)a序列(SEQ ID NO:31):5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:32):5'-CGTTCGCCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:33):5'-CGGCCATAGCGC-3';(10)a序列(SEQ ID NO:34):5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:35):5'-GCTTCGCCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:36):5'-CGGCCATAGCCG-3';(11)a序列(SEQ ID NO:37):5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:38):5'-CCTTCGGGG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:39):5'-CCCCCATAGCCC-3';(12)a序列(SEQ ID NO:40):5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:41): 5'-CGTTCGGCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:42):5'-CGCCCATAGCGC-3';(13)a序列(SEQ ID NO:43):5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:44):5'-CGTTCGGCC-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:45):5'-GGCCCATAGCGC-3';(14)a序列(SEQ ID NO:46):5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3',b序列(SEQ ID NO:47):5'-GCTTCGGCG-3',c序列(SEQ ID NO:48):5'-CGCCCATAGCCG-3';(15)a序列(SEQ ID NO:175):5’-CGAGCGTTCC-3’;b序列(SEQ ID NO:176):5’-GGTTCGCCG-3’,c序列(SEQ ID NO:177):5’-CGGCCATAGCCG-3’。
上述十五四组序列所自组装形成的核酸纳米颗粒,不仅具有更高的稳定性,而且自组装效率更高。
上述所提到的核酸纳米颗粒不仅能够自我组装成型,而且也具备携带或挂载药物的能力。根据上述核酸纳米颗粒中G-C或C-G碱基对的位置的不同,所挂载的药物的量也有所差异。
为了使上述核酸结构域能够挂载更多的药物以及生物活性物质(生物活性物质的介绍见下文),在一种优选的实施例中,上述核酸结构域中还包括第一延长段,第一延长段为Watson-Crick配对的延长段,第一延长段位于a序列、b序列和c序列中任一序列的5'端和/或3'端。载体与所挂载的物质之间需要一定的匹配关系,当载体的分子量过小而所挂载的物质分子量过大时,从力学角度考虑,载体对挂载物质的携带或运输能力相对降低。因而,通过在前述核酸纳米结构基础上,通过在a序列、b序列和c序列中任一序列的5'端和/或3'端增加第一延长段,能够获得与挂载物质大小相匹配的载体。
上述第一延长段的具体长度,可以根据所欲挂载的物质的大小而定。在一种优选的实施例中,第一延长段选自如下任意一组:(1):a链5'端:5'-CCCA-3',c链3'端:5'-UGGG-3';(2):a链3'端:5'-GGG-3',b链5'端:5'-CCC-3';(3):b链3'端:5'-CCA-3',c链5'端:5'-UGG-3';(4):a链5'端:5'-CCCG-3',c链3'端:5'-CGGG-3';(5):a链5'端:5'-CCCC-3',c链3'端:5'-GGGG-3';(6):b链3'端:5'-CCC-3',c链5'端:5'-GGG-3'。(7):b链3'端:5'-CCG-3',c链5'端:5'-CGG-3';(8):a链5'端:5'-CCCA-3',c链3'端:5'-TGGG-3';(9):b链3'端:5'-CCA-3',c链5'端:5'-TGG-3';(10):a链5'端:5'-GCGGCGAGCGGCGA-3'(SEQ ID NO:162),c链3'端:5'-UCGCCGCUCGCCGC-3'(SEQ ID NO:163);(11):a链3'端:5'-GGCCGGAGGCCGG-3'(SEQ ID NO:164),b链5'端:5'-CCGGCCUCCGGCC-3'(SEQ ID NO:165);(12)b链3'端:5'-CCAGCCGCC-3'(SEQ ID NO:166),c链5'端:5'-GGCGGCAGG-3'(SEQ ID NO:167);(13):a链5'端:5'-GCGGCGAGCGGCGA-3'(SEQ ID NO:168),c链3'端:5'-TCGCCGCTCGCCGC-3'(SEQ ID NO:169);(14):a链3'端:5'-GGCCGGAGGCCGG-3'(SEQ ID NO:170),b链5'端:5'-CCGGCCTCCGGCC-3'(SEQ ID NO:171)。
上述第一延长段不仅增加了形成核酸纳米结构的三条序列中任意一条或多条的长度,而且,GC碱基组成的第一延长段进一步提高了所形成的纳米颗粒的稳定性。而且,上述序列组成的第一延长段同样使a序列、b序列和c序列保持了较高的自组装活性和效率。
从所形成的核酸纳米颗粒的大小及其作为药物递送载体在体内运输时的稳定性考虑,需要能够在运输药物的同时,尽量在达到靶细胞之前不被肾脏过滤出去。在一种优选的实施例中,核酸结构域还包括第二延长段,第二延长段位于a序列、b序列和c序列中任一序列的5’端和/或3’端,第二延长段为Watson-Crick配对的延长段;更优选地,第二延长段为CG碱基对的延长序列;进一步优选地,第二延长段为1~10个CG碱基对的延长序列。
在一种优选的实施例中,上述核酸结构域还包括如下至少一组第二延长段:第一组:a链5’端:5’-CGCGCG-3’,c链3’端:5’-CGCGCG-3’;第二组:a链3’端:5’-CGCCGC-3’,b链5’端:5’-GCGGCG-3’;第三组:b链3’端:5’-GGCGGC-3’,c链5’端:5’-GCCGCC-3’。这种第二延长段,使得纳米颗粒不存在免疫原性,而且不存在每条链自身折叠结合的二级结构的情况。
需说明的是,延长段中也可以间隔有非配对的碱基对。
为了使上述核酸纳米颗粒能够挂载更大分子量的生物活性物质(生物活性物质的介绍见下文)、增加载药量以及维持必要的稳定性,在一种优选的实施例中,第二延长段为同时含有CG碱基对和AT/AU碱基对的延长序列,优选第二延长段为2~50个碱基对的延长序列。此处“AT/AU碱基”中的“/”是或的关系,具体地,第二延长段为同时含有CG碱基对和AT碱基对的延长序列,或者第二延长段为同时含有CG碱基对和AU碱基对的延长序列。
更具体地,添加上述第二延长段之后的a、b和c序列可以分别是如下序列:
a序列为(SEQ ID NO:49):
b序列为(SEQ ID NO:50):
c序列为(SEQ ID NO:51):
上述a序列、b序列和c序列中的M为U或T,当M为T时,上述序列的合成成本大大降低。
在实际应用中,可以根据实际需要合理调整上述CG碱基对以及AT/AU碱基对的延长序列的具体设置位置。在一种更优选的实施例中,第二延长段为连续2~8个CG碱基对的序列与连续2~8个AT/AU碱基对序列交替设置的延长序列;或者第二延长段为1个CG碱基对的序列与1个AT/AU碱基对序列交替设置的延长序列。
具体地,如将上述SEQ ID NO:49所示的a序列中的CGCGCG延长段和CGCCGC延长段与AAAAAA延长段的位置互换,将上述SEQ ID NO:50所示的b序列中的GCGGCG延长段和GGCGGC延长段与TTTTTT延长段的位置互换,将上述SEQ ID NO:51所示的c序列中的GCCGCC延长段与AAAAAA延长段互换,同时将CGCCGC延长段与TTTTTT延长段互换。上述序列自组装形成的核酸纳米颗粒适用于吲哚类分子结构的生物活性物质的挂载之用(吲哚类分子优选与A结合)。
过去多年里,RNA作为广泛应用的构建材料所存在的三大挑战包括:1)RNA酶降解的敏感性;2)全身注射后对解离的敏感性;3)毒性和不良免疫应答。目前,这三大挑战已经在很大程度上得到了克服:1)核糖-OH基团的2’-氟(2’-F)或者2’-O-甲基(2’-OMe)修饰可以使RNA在血清中化学稳定;2)某些天然存在的连接基序是热力学稳定的,并且可以保持整个RNA纳米颗粒在超低浓度下完整;3)RNA纳米颗粒的免疫原性是序列和形状依赖性的,并且可以调节,以使RNA纳米颗粒刺激炎性细胞因子的产生,或使得RNA纳米颗粒在30mg/kg的重复静脉注射施用时具有非免疫原性和无毒性。
因此,为了进一步降低上述核酸纳米颗粒对RNA酶降解的敏感性,同时提高在运输过程中的稳定性,在一种优选的实施例中,a序列、b序列和c序列中碱基、核糖和磷酸酯具有至少一个可修饰位点,任一可修饰位点通过以下任意一种修饰接头进行修饰:-F、甲基、氨基、二硫化物、羰基、羧基、巯基及醛基;优选地,a序列、b序列和c序列中的C或U碱基上具有2’-F修饰。当修饰接头为巯基时,属于硫代修饰,修饰强度较弱,成本低。
上述药物(药物包括紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌中的一种或多种)可以通过物理连接和/或共价连接的形式进行挂载。当药物采用物理嵌插与共价连接两种方式同时与核酸结构域进行连接时,物理嵌插通常是嵌插在GC碱基对之间,优选的嵌插位点数目根据核酸结构域上GC碱基对的数目的不同,按照1~100:1的比例进行嵌插。而采用共价连接方式进行连接时,药物通常会与G环外氨基发生化学反应形成共价连接。更优选地,药物与核酸纳米颗粒之间的摩尔比为2~300:1,优选为2~290:1,更优选为2~29:1,进一步优选为10~50:1,最优选为15~25:1。
本申请所提供的核酸纳米载体药物中,核酸纳米颗粒是作为药物的递送载体,除此以外,根据不同的药物目的,在一种优选的实施例中,上述核酸纳米颗粒还包括生物活性物质,生物活性物质与核酸结构域相连。生物活性物质为靶头、荧光素、干扰核酸siRNA、miRNA、核酶、核糖开关、适体、RNA抗体、蛋白、多肽、类黄酮、葡萄糖、天然水杨酸、单抗、维生素、酚类、卵磷脂以及除紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌以外的小分子药物中的一种或多种。
为了提高核酸纳米颗粒对所挂载的生物活性物质的挂载效率和运载效率,核酸结构域的相对分子量与药物及生物活性物质的相对分子量最好存在一定的匹配关系。在一种优选的实施例中,将核酸结构域的相对分子量记为N
1,将药物与生物活性物质的总相对分子量记为N
2,N
1/N
2≥1:1;优选地,生物活性物质为靶头、荧光素、干扰核酸siRNA、miRNA、核酶、核糖 开关、适体、RNA抗体、药物(通常解释为小分子药物,即化学合成药物)、蛋白、多肽、类黄酮、葡萄糖、天然水杨酸、单抗、维生素、酚类以及卵磷脂中的一种或多种。
根据具体挂载的生物活性物质的种类的不同,本申请中核酸纳米载体药物具有不同性能方面的优化。比如,当生物活性物质为生物素或叶酸时,其所起到的作用是使该核酸纳米载体药物具有靶向性,如,特异靶向癌细胞。当生物活性物质为荧光素时,其所起到的作用是使核酸纳米颗粒具有发光示踪效果,如可以是FAM、CY3、CY5或Quasar670等中的一种或多种。而生物活性物质为某些siRNA、miRNA、蛋白、多肽、RNA抗体、除紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌以外的小分子药物时,根据不同生物学功能的不同,可能使得该核酸纳米载体药物成为具有特定治疗效果的新产品,比如性能更优异的药物。此外,根据具体挂载的生物活性物质的种类的不同,其具体优选使用的是DNA纳米颗粒和RNA纳米颗粒,可以根据实际需要进行合理选择。比如,当生物活性物质为药物时,优选DNA纳米颗粒或RNA纳米颗粒进行挂载,且对组装形成纳米颗粒的单链长度无特殊要求。
在一种优选的实施例中,生物活性物质为靶头、荧光素以及miRNA,其中,靶头位于a、b、c序列中任一序列上,优选a、b、c任一序列的5’端或3’端,或嵌插于核酸结构域的GC键之间,miRNA为抗miRNA,荧光素修饰于抗miRNA的5’端或3’端,miRNA位于a序列的3’端、c序列的5’端和3’端中的任意一个或多个位置;优选地,靶头为叶酸或生物素,荧光素为FAM、CY5及CY3中的任意一种或多种,前述抗miRNA为抗miR-21。
上述靶头可以通过linker共价连接的方式连接于a、b、c序列中的任一序列上,可用的linker选自二硫键、对苯叠氮基、溴丙炔或PEG。此处所说的“任一序列上”是a、b、c序列任一序列的任一位置的碱基上,而连在5’端或3’端更方便,应用更广泛。叶酸修饰可以是物理嵌插模式连接或者是物理嵌插+共价连接。
上述荧光素可以现有常用的荧光素,优选为FAM、CY5及CY3中的任意一种或多种。
上述miRNA可以是具有抑癌效果的miRNA,也可以是能够抑制对应病症的抗miRNA,实际应用中根据医疗需要合理选择。上述抗miRNA可以合成于上述a序列的3’端、c序列的5’端和3’端中的任意一个或多个位置。当在上述三个位置上均合成有抗miRNA时,抗miRNA对相应miRNA的抑制作用相对更强。
优选为抗miR-21,miR-21参与多种癌症的起始和进展,是侵袭和转移的主要致癌基因。抗miR-21能够有效地同时调节广泛的靶基因,有利于解决癌症的异质性问题。因而,上述优选的核酸纳米颗粒中,靶头,比如叶酸或生物素,能够特异地靶向癌细胞,与癌细胞结合内化后,抗miR-21以非常高的亲和力和特异性与miR-21碱基互补,从而有效降低致癌miR-21的表达。因此,根据实际需要,上述抗miR-21可以合成于上述a序列的3’端、c序列的5’端和3’端中的任意一个或多个位置。当在上述三个位置上均合成有抗miR-21时,抗miR-21对miR-21的抑制作用相对更强。
上述所能够挂载的生物活性物质为除了紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌以外的其他小分子药物时,根据不同药物所能治疗的疾病类型,药物包括但 不仅限于治疗肝癌、胃癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、头颈癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌、黑色素瘤、白血病、老年痴呆、强直性脊柱炎、恶性淋巴瘤、支气管癌、类风湿关节炎、HBV乙肝、多发性骨髓瘤、胰腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、前列腺癌、鼻咽癌,食道癌,口腔癌,红斑狼疮疾病的药物;优选地,头颈癌为脑癌、神经母细胞瘤或胶质母细胞瘤。
上述所能够挂载的生物活性物质为除了紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌以外的小分子药物时,根据药物的分子结构的不同或者所具有的特征性基团的不同,其包括但不仅限于含有如下任意一种或多种基团的药物:氨基基团、羟基基团、羧基基团、巯基基团、苯环基团以及乙酰氨基基团。
在一种优选的实施例中,上述蛋白为SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、生存素(Survivin)、hTERT(人端粒酶逆转录酶)及EGFR(表皮生长因子受体,epidermal growth factor receptor)、PSMA(前列腺特异性膜抗原)的抗体或适配体中的一种或多种;上述维生素为左旋C和/或酯化C;上述酚类为茶多酚和/或葡萄多酚。
在一种优选的实施例中,核酸纳米颗粒的粒径为1~100nm,优选为5~50nm,更优选为10~30nm,进一步优选为10~15nm。在该范围内大小合适,既能通过细胞表面受体介导的细胞吞噬现象而进入细胞膜,又避免非特异性的细胞渗透而被肾脏过滤除去,因而,有利的粒径尺寸有助于改进药代动力学、药效学、生物学分布和毒理学的分布。
根据本申请的第二方面,还提供了一种上述核酸纳米载体药物的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:提供上述任一种核酸纳米颗粒;通过物理连接和/或共价连接的方式将药物挂载在核酸纳米颗粒上,得到核酸纳米载体药物。
当采用物理连接方式时,药物通常会以物理嵌插形成嵌插在GC碱基对之间。而采用共价连接方式进行连接时,药物通常会与G环外氨基发生化学反应形成共价连接。利用上述方法制备的核酸纳米载体药物,其经过靶头修饰后,可具有较好的靶向性,能够稳定地递送药物,可靠性很高。
在一种优选的实施例中,通过物理连接的方式挂载药物的步骤包括:将药物、核酸纳米颗粒及第一溶剂混合并搅拌,得到预混体系;对预混体系进行沉淀析出,得到核酸纳米载体药物。具体的药物、核酸纳米颗粒的用量可以根据挂载量的变化进行调整,这是本领域技术人员都能够理解的,在此不再赘述。
为了提高物理连接的效率和稳定性,优选每升第一溶剂中添加的药物量为0.1~1g。优选地,第一溶剂选自DCM、DCC、DMAP、Py、DMSO、PBS及冰醋酸中的一种或多种。优选地,对预混体系进行沉淀析出,得到核酸纳米载体药物的步骤包括:对预混体系进行沉淀析出,得到析出物;对析出物进行洗涤去除杂质,得到核酸纳米载体药物。更优选地,将预混体系与无水乙醇混合后在低于10℃的温度条件下进行沉淀析出,得到析出物,进一步优选在0~5℃温度条件下沉淀析出,得到析出物。更优选地,采用6~12倍体积的无水乙醇对析出物进行洗涤去除杂质,得到核酸纳米载体药物。
在一种优选的实施例中,通过共价连接的方式挂载药物的步骤包括:配置药物溶液;使药物溶液在甲醛的介导作用下与核酸纳米颗粒的G环外氨基进行反应,得到反应体系;提纯反应体系,得到核酸纳米载体药物。
优选地,上述反应的步骤包括:将紫杉醇溶液与多聚甲醛溶液、核酸纳米颗粒混合,在避光条件下进行反应,得到反应体系。多聚甲醛溶液能够释放甲醛小分子,从而参与上述化学反应。为了提高反应效率,优选多聚甲醛溶液的浓度为3.7~4wt%,优选多聚甲醛溶液为多聚甲醛和第二溶剂混合形成的溶液,且第二溶剂为DCM、DCC、DMAP、Py、DMSO、PBS及冰醋酸中的一种或多种。
在一种优选的实施例中,可以发生如下反应:
上述制备方法中,核酸纳米颗粒可以通过自组装的形式进行制备,比如:(1)将RNA或DNA单链a,b,c同时混合溶于DEPC水或TMS缓冲液中;(2)加热混合溶液至80℃/95℃(其中RNA组装温度为80℃,DNA组装温度为95℃),保持5min后以2℃/min的速率缓慢降温到室温;(3)将产物上样到8%(m/v)非变性PAGE凝胶上并在TBM缓冲液中4℃条件下,以100V电泳纯化复合体;(4)切下目的条带并在RNA/DNA洗脱缓冲液中37℃洗脱,之后乙醇沉淀过夜,减压低温挥干,得到自组装产物,即可得到核酸结构域,进而得到核酸纳米颗粒。
在一种优选的实施例中,通过共价连接的方式挂载来那度胺的步骤包括:配置来那度胺溶液;使来那度胺溶液在甲醛的介导作用下与核酸纳米颗粒的G环外氨基进行反应,得到反应体系;提纯反应体系,得到含来那度胺的药物。
通过甲醛介导的形式,可以发生如下反应:
在一种优选的实施例中,通过共价连接的方式挂载阿糖胞苷的步骤包括:配置阿糖胞苷溶液;使阿糖胞苷溶液在甲醛的介导作用下与核酸纳米颗粒的G环外氨基进行反应,得到反应体系;提纯反应体系,得到含阿糖胞苷的药物。
通过甲醛介导的形式,可以发生如下反应:
在一种优选的实施例中,可以发生如下反应:
在一种优选的实施例中,通过共价连接的方式挂载伊达比星的步骤包括:配置伊达比星溶液;使伊达比星溶液在甲醛的介导作用下与核酸纳米颗粒的G环外氨基进行反应,得到反应体系;提纯反应体系,得到含伊达比星的药物。
通过甲醛介导的形式,可以发生如下反应:
在一种优选的实施例中,通过共价连接的方式挂载米托蒽醌的步骤包括:配置米托蒽醌溶液;使米托蒽醌溶液在甲醛的介导作用下与核酸纳米颗粒的G环外氨基进行反应,得到反应体系;提纯反应体系,得到含米托蒽醌的药物。
通过甲醛介导的形式,可以发生如下反应:
根据实际应用需要,为了使上述核酸纳米载体药物具有其他功能,在一种优选的实施例中,在得到核酸结构域之后,制备方法还包括:将前文所提到的生物活性物质通过物理连接和/或共价连接的方式挂载在所述核酸结构域上,进而得到核酸纳米颗粒。生物活性物质的挂载方式同样可以是物理连接和/或共价连接。共价连接的形式包括但不限于通过溶剂共价连接、linker共价连接或点击链接进行挂载;优选地,溶剂共价连接中采用的第三溶剂作为连接介质,且第三溶剂选自多聚甲醛、DCM、DCC、DMAP、Py、DMSO、PBS及冰醋酸中的一种或多种;优选地,linker选自二硫键、对苯叠氮基、溴丙炔或PEG;优选地,点击链接是在对生物活性物质前体和核酸结构域同时进行炔基或叠氮修饰,然后通过点击链接。
需要说明的是,上述分类并不意味着某种生物活性物质与核酸结构域的连接方式仅有一种。而是,有的生物活性物质,既可以通过物理嵌插的方式与核酸结构域连接,也可以通过物理嵌插与共价连接的方式与核酸结构域连接,同时还可能利用点击链接的方式实现连接。但对某种特定的生物活性物质而言,可能仅有其中一种连接方式,也可能有多种连接方式,但可能其中某种连接效率具有优势的实用价值。
上述连接方式中,不同药物在与核酸结构域通过物理嵌插的方式进行连接时,嵌插的结合位点及数目也略有不同。比如,蒽环类、吖啶类药物在嵌插时,通常嵌插在GC碱基对之间,优选的嵌插位点数目根据核酸结构域上GC碱基对的数目的不同,按照1~100:1的比例进行嵌插。而萘酰胺药物在嵌插时,通常嵌插在AA碱基对之间,优选的嵌插位点数目根据核酸结 构域上AA碱基对的数目的不同,吡啶并咔唑类根据AA碱基对的数目的不同按照1~200:1的比例进行嵌插。
具体地,根据生物活性物质种类的不同、核酸纳米颗粒中形成核酸结构域的a、b和c序列的长度以及其中GC互补碱基对的数目的多少,可以合理选择生物活性物质与核酸结构域的摩尔比进行物理嵌插。
在一种优选的实施例中,生物活性物质与核酸结构域以物理嵌插方式与共价连接方式相连时,物理嵌插方式连接的生物活性物质与共价连接方式连接的药物的摩尔比为1~200:1。该连接方式适用于蒽环类、吖啶类的药物。上述不同连接方式连接的药物比例并不局限于上述范围,只要能够满足高效挂载,对细胞无毒性作用,且在达到靶标后实现药物的有效释放即可。
当采用对生物活性物质前体和核酸结构域同时进行炔基或叠氮修饰,通过点击链接的方式连接时,随药物不同结构的变化选择不同的点击连接。且随着活性物质结构的不同,连接位置也有可能会发生相应改变,这是本领域技术人员能够理解的。
在一种优选的实施例中,生物活性物质与核酸结构域以点击链接的方式相连时,生物活性物质前体进行炔基或叠氮修饰的位点选自羟基、羧基、巯基或氨基,核酸结构域进行炔基或叠氮修饰的位点选自氨基、亚氨基或羟基。
需要说明的是,上述核酸结构域与药物结合时,核酸结构域为水溶性的,多数药物的水溶性较差,将其与核酸结构域结合后,水溶性提高。当上述药物为蒽环类时,这些药物通过核苷酸鸟苷上的-NH键(在合适的pH值条件下,该-NH基团的活性比其他可能与药物发生共价结合的基团的活性高上百倍)与核酸结构域发生共价结合,从而形成挂载药物的核酸结构域。因而,根据具体药物分子的大小及具体所设计的核酸结构域上的a序列,b序列和c序列上的GC碱基对的数量,在结合时,按照理论上1.1~1.3倍的过饱和结合量进行结合反应,一个核酸结构域上最多可结合35~45个药物。当上述药物为其他结构时,挂载量与具体药物的占位情况有关(包括但不仅限于分子结构、形态、形状及分子量大小),因此,药物的活性位点与核酸结构域的核苷酸鸟苷上的-NH键的结合条件相对严苛,同样能挂载但比较难以出现过量结合的情况。
在一种典型的实施方式中,还提供了一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括上述任一种核酸纳米颗粒。含有本申请所提供规定上述核酸纳米颗粒的药物中,核酸结构域可经靶向目的细胞的靶头修饰而具有良好的靶向性,同时还可以挂载相应的治疗性药物和/或示踪性分子,从而能够稳定地递送治疗性药物和/或示踪性分子,可靠性很高。
根据本申请的第三个方面,还提供了一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括上述任一种核酸纳米载体药物。具体可以根据实际需要,选择合适的联用药或辅料来形成具有联合药效或能使药物某方面性能(比如稳定性)得以提升的药物组合。
根据本申请的第四个方面,还提供了上述任一种核酸纳米载体药物在制备用于治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。当药物为紫杉醇时,肿瘤为乳腺癌或卵巢癌;当药物为来那度胺时,肿瘤为急性白血病或多发性骨髓瘤;当药物为阿糖胞苷时,肿瘤为急性白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、肺癌、消化道癌、直结肠癌及头颈部癌中的任意一种或多种;当药物为多西他赛时,肿瘤为乳腺癌、卵巢癌、非小细胞肺癌、头颈部癌、胰腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胃癌、黑色素瘤及软组织肉瘤中的任意一种或多种;当药物为伊达比星时,肿瘤为急性肺淋巴细胞白血病、晚期乳腺癌以及非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的任意一种或多种;当药物为米托蒽醌时,肿瘤为乳腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、胃癌、肠癌、白血病、膀胱癌、肝癌、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性间皮瘤及卵巢癌中的任意一种或多种。进一步,提供一种核酸纳米载体药物在制备用于制备治疗病毒性角膜炎及流行性结膜炎的药物中的应用,其中,核酸纳米载体药物包含的药物为阿糖胞苷。进一步,提供一种核酸纳米载体药物在制备用于制备治疗骨髓增生异常综合症的药物中的应用,其中,核酸纳米载体药物包含的药物为伊达比星。具体应用可以在本申请的药物基础上对药物本身进行改进而获得新的药物,或者将本申请的药物作为主要活性成分将其制备成适合剂型的制剂等。
根据本申请的第五个方面,还提供了一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的方法,该方法包括:提供上述任一种核酸纳米载体药物或药物组合物;给予肿瘤患者有效量的上述核酸纳米载体药物或药物组合物。进一步地,肿瘤为乳腺癌或卵巢癌。
此处的有效量包括预防有效量和/或治疗有效量,治疗有效量指在必要的剂量和时间期限内,有效实现所希望的治疗结果,如乳腺癌或卵巢癌癌减轻的量。在一个具体的实施方案中,可以通过调节剂量以提供最佳治疗应答剂量,治疗有效量可以根据如下因素而变:个体的疾病状态、年龄、性别、体重以及制剂在个体中引起所希望的应答的能力。治疗有效量的涵义还包括治疗的有益效果超过其毒性或者有害效果的量。预防有效量指在必要的剂量和时间期限内,有效实现所希望的预防结果,如预防或抑制急乳腺癌或卵巢癌发生的量。可以根据上述对治疗有效量的描述确定预防有效量。对于任何具体受试者,可以根据个体需要和施用人的职业判断随时间调节特定剂量。
需要说明的是,本申请所提供的序列或序列的变形通过自组装形成的核酸纳米颗粒也可以作为基本结构单元,根据实际应用需要可以进一步聚合形成多聚体,比如二聚体、三聚体、四聚体、五聚体、六聚体或七聚体等。
下面将结合具体的实施例来进一步说明本申请的有益效果。
核酸纳米颗粒的组装
实施例1
一、RNA和DNA纳米颗粒载体:
(1)组成RNA纳米颗粒的三条多核苷酸碱基序列见表1:
表1:
(2)DNA纳米颗粒的三条多核苷酸碱基序列
DNA采用与上述RNA同样的序列,仅是T替代U。其中,a链的分子量为8802.66,b链的分子量为8280.33,c链的分子量为9605.2。
上述RNA纳米颗粒和DNA纳米颗粒的a、b和c链,均是委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
二、自组装实验步骤:
(1)按1:1:1的摩尔比将RNA或DNA单链a,b,c同时混合溶于DEPC水或TMS缓冲液中;
(2)加热混合溶液至80℃/95℃(其中RNA组装温度为80℃,DNA组装温度为95℃),保持5min后以2℃/min的速率缓慢降温到室温;
(3)将产物上样到8%(m/v)非变性PAGE凝胶上并在TBM缓冲液中4℃条件下,以100V电泳纯化复合体;
(4)切下目的条带并在RNA/DNA洗脱缓冲液中37℃洗脱,之后乙醇沉淀过夜,减压低温挥干,得到自组装产物;
(5)电泳分析检测与激光扫描观察。
三、自组装实验结果
(1)电泳检测结果
RNA自组装产物的电泳检测结果见图1。图1中,泳道1至3从左到右依次为:a链、b链、RNA自组装产物。由图中可知,RNA自组装产物随稍有弥散,但明显可以看出是单一条带。且由于分子量为组装后的分子量,较单链分子量大,因此条带位置落后于a链和b链,实际情况与理论相符,证明了上述RNA单链之间经自组装形成了稳定的复合结构,形成了RNA纳米颗粒。
DNA自组装产物的电泳检测结果见图2。图2中,泳道1至3从左到右依次为:a链、b链、DNA自组装产物。由图中可知,DNA自组装产物的条带明亮清晰,为单一条带,证明了上述DNA单链之间经自组装形成了稳定的复合结构,形成了DNA纳米颗粒。
该实施例中,通过凝胶电泳验证了:包括RNA核心序列SEQ ID NO:1,SEQ ID NO:3和SEQ ID NO:5在内的a、b、c序列,能够成功自组装成RNA纳米颗粒。包括DNA核心序列SEQ ID NO:2,SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:6在内的a、b、c序列,也能够成功自组装成DNA纳米颗粒。
上述RNA纳米颗粒和DNA纳米颗粒的a、b、c序列中除了具有形成核酸结构域的核心序列外,还具有各种促进核酸结构域挂载功能的延长序列(包括药物挂载结合序列)以及与核酸结构域连接的靶头或荧光素。可见,这些核心序列以外的物质存在并不影响核酸结构域的形成和核酸纳米颗粒的成功自组装。而所自组装而成的核酸纳米颗粒在靶头的引导下,能够具有靶向型,荧光素能使该核酸纳米颗粒具有可视性和可追踪性。
实施例2
一、7组短序列RNA纳米颗粒载体:
(1)7组组成RNA纳米颗粒的三条多核苷酸碱基序列分别见表2至表8:
表2:R-1
表3:R-2
表4:R-3
表5:R-4
表6:R-5
表7:R-6
表8:R-7
上述7组短序列RNA纳米颗粒载体的单链均是委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行合成。
二、自组装实验步骤:
(1)按1:1:1的摩尔比将RNA单链a,b,c同时混合溶于DEPC水或TMS缓冲液中;
(2)加热混合溶液至80℃,保持5min后以2℃/min的速率缓慢降温到室温;
(3)将产物上样到8%(m/v)非变性PAGE凝胶上并在TBM缓冲液中4℃条件下,以100V电泳纯化复合体;
(4)切下目的条带并在RNA洗脱缓冲液中37℃洗脱,之后乙醇沉淀过夜,减压低温挥干,得到短序列RNA自组装产物;
(5)电泳分析检测与激光扫描观察;
(6)分子量测定。
三、自组装实验结果
(1)电泳检测结果
7组短序列RNA自组装产物的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图3。图3中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:短序列R-1、R-2、R-3、R-4、R-5、R-6、R-7。
7组短序列RNA自组装产物的4%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图4。图4中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:短序列R-1、R-2、R-3、R-4、R-5、R-6、R-7。
由图3和图4结果可以看出,可以清楚地看出7组短序列自组装产物中R-2、R-3、R-5、R-7的条带明亮清晰,R-1、R-4、R-6虽然较为弥散,但仍然可以看出为单一条带,表明7组短序列均能较好地自组装成RNA纳米颗粒结构。
(2)电位测定
测定方法:准备好电位样品(自组装产物溶于超纯水中)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
打开软件,点击菜单MeasUre€ManUal,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
设置软件检测参数;
然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始;
测定结果:7组短序列RNA纳米颗粒的电位检测结果如下表9至表15:
表9:
表10:
表11:
表12:
表13:
表14:
表15:
由上述电位检测数据可知:7组短序列RNA自组装产物均具有良好的稳定性,进一步表明各短序列RNA自组装而成的纳米颗粒具有较稳定的自组装结构。
该实施例表明:不同的a、b、c核心序列组合能够通过自组装形成具有核酸结构域的RNA纳米颗粒,且结构稳定。在实施例1的基础上可知,在这些不同的核心序列组合基础上增加各种功能延长片段或者连接靶头、荧光素等,同样能成功组装成RNA纳米颗粒,并具有挂载药物、细胞靶向性及可视可追踪等性能。
为了进一步验证这些性能,在实施例2基础上增加延长片段,具体见实施例3。并在与实施例2的RNA核心序列相对应的DNA核心序列基础上,增加延长片段,同时连接靶头或不连接靶头,具体见实施例4。
实施例3
一、7组常规序列RNA纳米颗粒载体:
(1)7组组成RNA纳米颗粒的三条多核苷酸碱基序列分别见表16至表22:
表16:R-8
表17:R-9
表18:R-10
表19:R-11
表20:R-12
表21:R-13
表22:R-14(下述a链中的
uGAcAGAuAAGGAAccuGcudTdT为survivin siRNA)
上述7组常规序列RNA纳米颗粒载体的单链均是委托苏州吉玛公司进行合成,其中R-8至R-14中的a序列、b序列、c序列分别是在R-1至R-7的a序列、b序列、c序列基础上增加延长段后形成的延展RNA寡核苷酸序列,没有延展靶向模块片段,并进行了C/U碱基2’F修饰(增强了抗酶切性和稳定性)。另外,上述RNA纳米颗粒R-14中修饰了一段生存素(Survivin)的siRNA核酸干扰治疗片段,具体是在a链3’端延展了Survivin siRNA的正义链(见a链下划线部分),在b链的5’端延展连接了反义链(见b链下划线部分),形成碱基对互补。
二、自组装实验步骤:
(1)按1:1:1的摩尔比将RNA单链a,b,c同时混合溶于DEPC水或TMS缓冲液中;
(2)加热混合溶液至80℃,保持5min后以2℃/min的速率缓慢降温到室温;
(3)将产物上样到8%(m/v)非变性PAGE凝胶上并在TBM缓冲液中4℃条件下,以100V电泳纯化复合体;
(4)切下目的条带并在RNA洗脱缓冲液中37℃洗脱,之后乙醇沉淀过夜,减压低温挥干;
(5)电泳分析检测与激光扫描观察;
(6)电位测定。
三、自组装实验结果
(1)电泳检测结果
7组常规序列RNA自组装产物的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图5。图5中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:常规序列RNA自组装产物R-8、R-9、R-10、R-11、R-12、R13、R-14。
7组常规序列RNA自组装产物的4%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图6。图6中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:常规序列RNA自组装产物R-8、R-9、R-10、R-11、R-12、R13、R-14。
由图5和图6结果可以看出,可以清楚地看出7组常规序列RNA自组装产物的条带均为明亮清晰的单一条带,表明7组常规序列均能自组装成纳米结构。其中常规序列RNA自组装产物R-14中修饰了一段Survivin siRNA核酸干扰治疗片段后,仍旧具有稳定的自组装结构,也说明了本申请中核酸纳米颗粒能够挂载核酸药,具有核酸药的递送载体功能。
(2)电位测定
测定方法:准备好电位样品(自组装产物溶于超纯水中)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
打开软件,点击菜单MeasUre€ManUal,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
设置软件检测参数;
然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始;
测定结果:7组常规序列RNA纳米颗粒的电位检测结果如下表23至表29:
表23:
表24:
表25:
表26:
表27:
表28:
表29:
由上述电位检测数据可知:7组常规序列RNA自组装产物均具有良好的稳定性,进一步表明各常规序列RNA自组装而成的纳米颗粒具有较稳定的自组装结构。
该实施例表明:在不同组合的RNA核心序列基础上,添加延长片段同样能够成功自组装成结构稳定的RNA纳米颗粒。同时,添加的延长片段使得RNA纳米颗粒具有优越的药物挂载性能(具体见实施例5)。
实施例4
一、前7组常规序列DNA纳米颗粒载体:
(1)9组组成DNA纳米颗粒的三条多核苷酸碱基序列分别见表30至表36:
表中部分a链中延展了EGFRapt靶头或PSMAapt(A9L)靶头:
EGFRapt(SEQ ID NO:97):GCCTTAGTAACGTGCTTTGATGTCGATTCGACAGGAGGC;
PSMAapt(A9L,SEQ ID NO:98):
GGGCCGAAAAAGACCTGACTTCTATACTAAGTCTACGTCCC。
表30:D-1
表31:D-2
表32:D-3
表33:D-4
表34:D-5
表35:D-6
表36:D-7
上述7组常规序列DNA纳米颗粒的单链均是委托苏州泓迅进行合成,其中:
D-1是在前文所述核心序列(8)(a序列:5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3',b序列:5'-CCTTCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCATAGCCC-3')的基础上,增加包含EGFRapt靶头(见下划线部分)的延展序列后形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒;
D-2是在前文所述核心序列(9)(a序列:5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列:5'-CGTTCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCATAGCGC-3')的基础上,增加包含EGFRapt靶头(见下划线部分)的延展序列后形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒;
D-3是在前文所述核心序列(10)(a序列:5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3',b序列:5'-GCTTCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCATAGCCG-3')的基础上,增加包含EGFRapt靶头(见下划线部分)的延展序列后形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒;
D-4是在前文所述核心序列(11)(a序列:5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3',b序列:5'-CCTTCGGGG-3',c序列:5'-CCCCCATAGCCC-3')的基础上,增加包含PSMAapt靶头(见下划线部分)的延展序列后形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒;
D-5是在前文所述核心序列(12)(a序列:5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列:5'-CGTTCGGCG-3',c序列:5'-CGCCCATAGCGC-3')的基础上,增加包含PSMAapt靶头(见下划线部分)的延展序列后形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒;
D-6是在前文所述核心序列(13)(a序列:5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列:5'-CGTTCGGCC-3',c序列:5'-GGCCCATAGCGC-3')的基础上,增加了不包含靶头结构的延展序列后;形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒;
D-7是在前文所述核心序列(14)(a序列:5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3',b序列:5'-GCTTCGGCG-3',c序列:5'-CGCCCATAGCCG-3')的基础上,增加了不包含靶头结构的延展序列后;形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒。
此外,还合成了用于形成第8组DNA纳米颗粒的单链序列和第9组DNA纳米颗粒的单链序列。
其中,第8组是在前文所述核心序列(15)的基础上,增加了包含EGFRapt靶头(见黑体加粗部分)的延展序列后形成的常规序列DNA纳米颗粒。具体序列如下:
a链:(SEQ ID NO:172:)5’-CGCGCGCCCACGAGCGTTCCGGGCGCGCCTTAGTAACGTGCTTTGATGTCGATTCGACAGGAGGC-3’;5’端前三个及3’端的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,5’端连接Biotin(生物素),黑体加粗部分为EGFRapt序列;
b链(SEQ ID NO:173:):5’-GCGCCCGGTTCGCCGCCAGCCGCCGC-3’,5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰;
c链(SEQ ID NO:174:):5’-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCG-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,3’端连接Cy5荧光标记。
其中,第9组是在前文所述核心序列(15)的基础上,增加了延展序列后形成的DNA纳米颗粒。具体序列如下:
a链(SEQ ID NO:178:):5’-CGCGCGCGCCCACGAGCGTTCCGGGCGCCGCCGC-3’;5’端前三个及3’端的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,5’端连接Biotin;
b链(SEQ ID NO:179:):5’-GCGGCGGCGCCCGGTTCGCCGCCAGCCGCCGCC-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰;
c链(SEQ ID NO:180:):5’-GGCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCGCG-3’,5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,5’端连接Cy5荧光标记。
二、自组装实验步骤:
(1)按1:1:1的摩尔比将DNA单链a,b,c同时混合溶于DEPC水或TMS缓冲液中;
(2)加热混合溶液至95℃,保持5min后以2℃/min的速率缓慢降温到室温;
(3)将产物上样到8%(m/v)非变性PAGE凝胶上并在TBM缓冲液中4℃条件下,以100V电泳纯化复合体;
(4)切下目的条带并在DNA洗脱缓冲液中37℃洗脱,之后乙醇沉淀过夜,减压低温挥干,得到常规序列DNA自组装产物;
(5)电泳分析检测与激光扫描观察;
(6)电位检测;
(7)粒径测量;
(8)透射电镜观察。
三、自组装实验结果
(1)电泳检测结果
前7组常规序列DNA自组装产物的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图7。图7中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:常规序列DNA自组装产物D-1、D-2、D-3、D-4、D-5、D-6、D-7。
前7组常规序列DNA自组装产物的4%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图8。图8中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:常规序列DNA自组装产物D-1、D-2、D-3、D-4、D-5、D-6、D-7。
第8组和第9组序列DNA自组装产物的2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图9。图9中泳道从右至左依次为:第8组的a链单链、DNA自组装产物D-8和D-9。
由图7、图8和图9结果可以看出,可以清楚地看出9组常规序列DNA自组装产物的条带均明亮清晰,表明9组常规序列DNA链均完成了自组装,形成了稳定的纳米颗粒结构。其中D-6、D-7两组自组装结构因为携带EGFRapt或PSMAapt靶头,分子量略低,其条带位置明显比其他条带靠前,实际与理论情况完全符合,进一步证明了自组装结构的稳定性。
该实施例表明:在这些不同的DNA核心序列组合基础上增加各种功能延长片段或者同时连接靶头时,同样能成功组装成DNA纳米颗粒,并同样具有挂载药物、细胞靶向性及可视可追踪等性能。
(2)电位测定
测定方法:准备好电位样品(自组装产物溶于超纯水中)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
打开软件,点击菜单MeasUre€ManUal,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
设置软件检测参数;
然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始;
测定结果:3组常规序列DNA纳米颗粒的电位检测结果如下表37至表39:
表37:
表38:
表39:
由上述电位检测数据可知:3组常规序列DNA自组装产物均具有良好的稳定性,进一步表明各常规序列DNA自组装而成的纳米颗粒具有较稳定的自组装结构。
(3)粒径测量
1.准备好电位样品(常规序列DNA自组装产物D-7)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
2.打开软件,点击菜单,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
3.设置软件检测参数;
4.然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始,自组装产物D-7的流体动力学尺寸的DLS测量值结果如下表40:
表40:
(4)透射电镜观察结果
对上述常规序列DNA自组装产物D-7进行透射电镜照射,步骤如下:
1、取一滴样本悬浮在400目覆碳膜铜网上,室温1分钟;
2、滤纸吸去液体;
3、2%醋酸铀染色1分钟;
4、滤纸吸干,室温干燥;
5、JEM-1400透射电子显微镜120kv观察、拍照。
结果如图10所示,从图中明显看出上述常规序列DNA自组装产物D-7为一个整体结构,且能够清晰地看出其具有T型结构。
实施例5
紫杉醇挂载实验
(一)化学法挂载:
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料及试剂:
(1)核酸纳米颗粒:与实施例1中的RNA纳米颗粒类似,不同之处在于c链上的荧光标记为Cy5。
(2)DEPC水:碧云天。
(3)PBS缓冲液:cellgro。
(4)4%多聚甲醛
(5)紫杉醇(Epirarunixon)。
(6)氯仿:北化。
(7)无水乙醇:北化。
2.实验方法:
(1)精密称取紫杉醇(1.354μmoL)溶于DEPC水(1.0mL)及PBS缓冲液(1.25mL),冰水浴冷却下加入4%多聚甲醛水溶液(0.25mL)混匀,将此混合液全部与RNA纳米颗粒(33.84nmoL)混匀,并在避光条件下于4℃反应72小时。
(2)取反应液10μL稀释10倍,以50μM的紫杉醇水溶液及310ng/μL的RNA纳米颗粒为对照,按等体积进样进行HPLC分析。根据各组分峰面积比可判断反应转化基本完全。
(3)将反应液以氯仿萃取(10mLx3),随后加入25mL的无水乙醇,混匀后避光置于4℃使产物充分析出(4小时)。离心(4000/min),转移上清,固体产物再次以乙醇(50mL)洗,于低温下减压使溶剂挥发干,得到暗红色固体产物。
(4)挂载率计算:
1.配置已知浓度的紫杉醇-无水乙醇标准液:2uM、4uM、6uM、8uM、10uM,各100ul;
2.将紫杉醇-RNAh颗粒溶解在100ul PBS中;
3.将标准液与紫杉醇-RNAh颗粒置于PCR板中,于85℃加热5min,随后冷却至室温;
4.利用酶标仪测量233nm处紫杉醇的吸光度,绘制标准曲线,计算得出挂载产物中紫杉醇的摩尔浓度;
5.利用分光光度计测量260nm处RNA的吸光度,得到每个样品中含有RNAh颗粒的质量浓度;
6.根据测量得到的紫杉醇摩尔浓度及RNAh颗粒的质量浓度,计算挂载率。
RNA核酸纳米颗粒挂载紫杉醇的标准曲线见图11a,计算具体过程如下:
C
RNAh-1=32.9ug/ml,M
RNAh≈30000,100ul;C
紫杉醇-1=12.8uM,100ul;
C
RNAh-2=58.5ug/ml,M
RNAh≈30000,100ul;C
紫杉醇-2=24.03uM,100ul;
取其平均值得到紫杉醇-RNAh核酸纳米颗粒的挂载率约为12,表示每一个核酸纳米颗粒载体上能够挂载约12个紫杉醇分子。
(二)DNA核酸纳米颗粒的挂载实验
挂载方法及挂载率的计算方式同上述RNA核酸纳米颗粒,具体所使用的核酸纳米颗粒为:DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5,其中,DNAh的三条链分别为:
a链:(SEQ ID NO:172:)5’-CGCGCGCCCACGAGCGTTCCGGGCGCGCCTTAGTAACGTGCTTTGATGTCGATTCGACAGGAGGC-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基(斜体部分)分别进行硫代修饰,5’端连接Biotin(生物素),黑体加粗部分为EGFR的siRNA序列;
b链(SEQ ID NO:173:):5’-GCGCCCGGTTCGCCGCCAGCCGCCGC-3’,5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基(斜体部分)分别进行硫代修饰;
c链(SEQ ID NO:174:):5’-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCG-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基(斜体部分)分别进行硫代修饰,3’端连接Cy5荧光标记。
DNA核酸纳米颗粒挂载紫杉醇的标准曲线见图11b,具体计算过程如下:
C
DNAh-1=32.9ug/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100ul;C
紫杉醇-1=12.8uM,100ul;
C
DNAh-2=58.5ug/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100ul;C
紫杉醇-2=24.03uM,100ul;
取其平均值得到紫杉醇-DNAh纳米颗粒的挂载率约为12,表示每一个DNA米颗粒载体上能够挂载约12个紫杉醇。
实施例5表明,带有延长片段、靶头和荧光素的RNA纳米颗粒(实施例1中的)和DNA纳米颗粒均具有挂载药物的功能,而且小分子药物紫杉醇可以通过共价连接(多聚甲醛—溶剂共价)的方式来实现挂载。
实施例6
流式细胞实验检测载药DNA纳米颗粒的细胞结合能力
一、细胞信息
SK-OV-3(来源ATCC,货号HTB-77),培养基为MEM+10%FBS,培养条件为37℃,5%CO
2,饱和湿度。
二、待测物
靶向药物:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇(实施例5中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物)。
荧光载体:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5。
三、设备、耗材(见表41)
表41
四、试剂(见表42)
表42:
五、实验方法:
1.调整细胞状态到对数生长期,更换培养基为无生物素无叶酸的培养基,置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
2.溶解待测物,配置待测物储液;
3.消化收集单细胞悬液并计数,调整细胞密度到2×10
5/mL,种植1mL/孔到24孔板中;
4.分别将待测物加入相应的细胞孔中,终浓度0.1μM、0.2μM及0.4μM,震荡混匀;
5.将细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育2小时;
6.孵育结束后,胰酶消化收集细胞悬液;
7.离心收集细胞沉淀,并用PBS清洗两次;
8.最后用300μL PBS重悬细胞沉淀,流式上机检测;
9.荧光载体或紫杉醇检测通道:激发光波长:488nm,发射光通道:560nm;
10.数据分析。
六、实验结果(见表43)
表43:
从表43可以看出,紫杉醇靶向药DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇能够与SK-OV-3细胞结合,且结合率近乎百分之百;而荧光载体DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5同样能够与SK-OV-3细胞结合,结合率也是百分之百。
实施例7
检测DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇纳米颗粒在血清中的稳定性
一、实验材料、试剂及设备
1.实验材料
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇(同实施例6),浓度1000.0μg/ml。
2.实验试剂
6×DNA上样缓冲液(TSJ010,擎科生物),100bp DNA分子标记(TSJ010,擎科生物);10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料(E1020,solarbio);8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(自配);1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶)(自配);血清(FBS)(Excel);RPMI 1640(GBICO)。
电泳仪(PowerPac Basic,Bio-rad),垂直电泳槽(Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell,Bio-rad),脱色摇床(TS-3D,orbital shaker),凝胶成像仪(Tanon 3500,Tanon)。
二、实验方法
(1)将DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇纳米颗粒取2μL,用2μL50%FBS1640+6μL RPMI 1640培养基进行稀释,稀释后浓度达200μg/ml,分别稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h)。
(2)取处理后的样品10μl与2μl 6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
(3)取8%Native PAGE,将不同孵育时间的纳米颗粒样品上一块胶,上样量12μL/孔/样,设置程序90-100V电泳50min。
(4)电泳结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
三、实验结果
非变性PAGE胶电泳结果见图12,其中,1代表0min,2代表10min,3代表1h,4代表12h,5代表36h。DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇纳米颗粒的目的条带在200bp左右,从图12上可以看出,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇纳米颗粒在37℃孵育基本稳定。
实施例8
研究RNAh-Bio-670-紫杉醇纳米颗粒在U87MG细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料:
待测样品:小分子药物紫杉醇及RNAh-Bio-670-紫杉醇纳米颗粒(注:RNAh-Bio-670-紫杉醇纳米颗粒是按照实施例1中自组装方法制备的在a链和b链的5’端进行Biotin修饰,而在c链的3’端进行quasar670荧光素修饰,进一步挂载紫杉醇后(按照实施例5中化学法挂载)形成的纳米颗粒)。
药物浓度配制:
准备现配试剂到对应容积容器中,加PBS定量到10uM。
2.实验试剂:
EMEM培养基(Gibco);胎牛血清(Fetal bovine serum,FBS)(ExCell Bio,FNA500-500mL);盘尼西林/链霉素(Penicillin/Streptomycin,PS)(Gibco,15140-122-100mL);PBS缓冲液(Gibco,C20012500BT-500mL);Trypsin-EDTA(Stemcell,07901-500mL);DMSO(Sigma,D5879-1L);CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit(CTG)(Promega,G7572-100mL)。
3.实验仪器:
倒置显微镜(Inverted Microscope)(Olympus IX71,No.112A-1);96孔板阅读仪(96-well Plate Reader)(Molecular Devices,Flexstation 3);Perkin Elmer Envision 2104 Multilabel Reader(No.01-094-0002)。
4.实验方法:
1)细胞培养及铺板
U87MG在EMEM基础培养基中分别添加10%FBS及1%PS中,于37℃和5%CO
2条件下培养。用于实验的细胞密度在80%以上。收集细胞,1000rpm 4分钟离心,培养基重悬,调整细胞浓度,以5000个细胞90μL的体积加到96孔板中,每组4复孔。
2)梯度药物浓度配制及给药
在24小时后,将化合物溶液转移到每个孔中,每孔每个样品200nM,4个复孔。
溶剂对照=DMSO
培养基(未处理)对照:仅有细胞没有化合物处理
空白对照:没有细胞,用于仪器校零
3)细胞给药后培养
将上述加药后细胞于37℃和5%CO
2条件下培养72小时。
4)检测试剂盒处理细胞
将孔板提前拿至室温静置30分钟。向孔板的每个孔中加100μL
试剂,在摇床上2分钟混匀促进细胞裂解。使用Perkin Elmer Envision 2104 Multilabel Reader仪器读值并记录。
5)获取实验数据并处理
将获取的实验数据使用excel软件分析处理,使用GraphPad Prism 5软件拟合曲线分析。
二、实验结果:
表44:细胞活率(%)
| 细胞系 | 处理时间 | 紫杉醇 | RNAh-Bio-670-紫杉醇 |
| U87MG | 72h | 56.74 | 76.23 |
实验结果见表44和图13,从表44和图13中可以看出,紫杉醇与RNAh-Bio-670-紫杉醇纳米颗粒对于U87MG细胞增殖均有明显抑制作用,而且让人难以预料的是:给药浓度为10μM时,两种药物对细胞的抑制率分别23.77%,43.26%。可见,RNAh-Bio-670-紫杉醇纳米颗粒对细胞增殖的抑制活性更强,因此可显著减少药物用量,减少毒副作用。
进一步地,为了确认靶向荧光载体本身对U87MG细胞无明显毒性,本申请进一步设计了RNAh-Bio-FAM靶向荧光载体对U87MG细胞的毒性实验,以小分子化药顺铂(Cisplatin)对U87MG细胞的毒性作为对照,结果显示荧光载体本身对U87MG细胞无明显毒性(数据未显示)。
实施例9
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇纳米颗粒分别在SKOV3细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料
1.细胞信息(见表45):
表45:
2.待测样品(见表46):
表46:
3.耗材与设备(见表47):
表47:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 96孔板 | Corning | 3599 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
4.试剂(见表48):
表48:
二、实验方法:
1)收获对数生长期的细胞,取少量用台盼蓝染色计数,保证细胞活力达到98%以上;
2)用生长培养基调整细胞密度到2.22×10
4/mL;
3)种植90μL/孔细胞悬液到96孔板中,孔板中每孔细胞数量为2000;
4)将种植好的细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
5)对化合物做9个浓度点的3.16倍梯度稀释;
6)取出细胞培养板,将10μL/孔的10X浓度药物工作液加入到细胞培养板的相应孔中,每个浓度做三个复孔,药物最终作用浓度见下表51;
表49:
7)将细胞培养板置于培养箱中继续孵育96小时;
10)将细胞培养板置于37℃培养箱中继续孵育3小时;
11)用酶标仪读取细胞板中各孔的OD
490值;
12)数据处理与分析。
采用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件对数据进行图形化处理.为计算IC50,对数据进行“S”形非线性回归分析,匹配相适应的剂量-效应曲线。存活率的计算公式如下,IC50可在GraphPad Prism 5.0中自动计算得出。
细胞活力(%)=(OD
待测孔–OD
空白对照)/(OD
阴性对照-OD
空白对照)x100%。
三、实验结果(见表50、图14a至14d)
表50:
从表50及图14a,14b,14c,14d可以看出,针对SKOV3细胞系而言,相比单纯的DNAh靶向荧光载体,小分子药物紫杉醇及DNAh载药颗粒DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-紫杉醇都对SKOV3细胞有毒性,紫杉醇及紫杉醇-Bio-EGFRapt-DNAh作用于SKOV3细胞的IC50分别为<0.001μM及16.05μM,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5及DMSO作用于SKOV3细胞的IC50分别为>1μM及>1%。
核酸纳米颗粒的组装
实施例10
一、7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒载体:
(1)7组组成延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒的三条多核苷酸碱基序列:
表51:R-15:
表52:R-16:
表53:R-17:
表54:R-18:
表55:R-19:
表56:R-20:
表57:R-21:
二、自组装试验步骤:
(1)按1:1:1的摩尔比将RNA单链a,b,c同时混合溶于DEPC水或TMS缓冲液中;
(2)加热混合溶液至80℃,保持5min后以2℃/min的速率缓慢降温到室温;
(3)将产物上样到8%(m/v)非变性PAGE凝胶上并在TBM缓冲液中4℃条件下,以100V电泳纯化复合体;
(4)切下目的条带并在RNA洗脱缓冲液中37℃洗脱,之后乙醇沉淀过夜,减压低温挥干;
(5)电泳分析检测与激光扫描观察。
三、自组装试验结果
(1)电泳检测
主要试剂和仪器如下:
表58:
表59:
步骤:
①将RNA纳米颗粒按下表60方法采用超纯水进行稀释。
表60:
| 实测浓度(μg/mL) | |
| R-15 | 165.937 |
| R-16 | 131.706 |
| R-17 | 144.649 |
| R-18 | 164.743 |
| R-19 | 126.377 |
| R-20 | 172.686 |
| R-21 | 169.455 |
②取处理后的样品10μL(500ng)与2μL 6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
③取8%非变性PAGE凝胶,将不同孵育时间的样品上一块胶,将12μL处理的样品全部上样,设置程序100V跑胶40min。
④跑胶结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
检测结果:
7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA自组装产物的非变性PAGE胶跑胶结果见图15。图15中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA自组装产物R-15、R-16、R-17、R-18、R-19、R-20、R-21。
由图15结果可以清楚地看出7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA自组装产物的条带均明亮清晰,表明7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA链均完成了自组装,形成了稳定的纳米颗粒结构。
(2)电位测定
测定方法:准备好电位样品(自组装产物溶于超纯水中)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
打开软件,点击菜单MeasUre€ManUal,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
设置软件检测参数;
然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始;
测定结果:7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒的25℃电位检测结果如下:
表61:
表62:
表63:
表64:
表65:
表66:
表67:
由上述电位检测数据可知:7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒均具有良好的稳定性,进一步表明各延长段变形+核心短序列RNA自组装而成的纳米颗粒具有较稳定的自组装结构。
(3)粒径测量
1.准备好电位样品(7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
2.打开软件,点击菜单,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
3.设置软件检测参数;
4.然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始,7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA的流体动力学尺寸的DLS测量值结果分别如下:
表68:
| 平均粒径(nm) | |
| R-15 | 6.808 |
| R-16 | 6.978 |
| R-17 | 7.592 |
| R-18 | 7.520 |
| R-19 | 6.936 |
| R-20 | 7.110 |
| R-21 | 6.720 |
(4)TM值检测
采用溶解曲线法,对7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒的TM值进行检测,样品与电位样品一致。
试剂和仪器如下:
表69:
| 试剂名称 | 货号 | 厂家 |
| AE buffer | / | Takara |
| SYBR Green I染料 | / | 自配 |
表70:
| 名称 | 型号 | 生产厂家 |
| Real-Time System | CFX Connect | Bio-rad |
| 超净工作台 | HDL | 北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司 |
步骤:
①样品采用超纯水进行稀释后,将5μg稀释所得样品与2μL SYBR Green I染料(1:200稀释)进行混合,终体积20μL,稀释浓度如下:
表71:
②室温避光孵育30min;
③上机检测,程序设置为20℃开始,每秒升温0.1℃至95℃,每5s读数一次。
检测结果:
7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒的TM值如下,R-15的溶解曲线图见图16,R-16的溶解曲线图见图17,R-17的溶解曲线图见图18,R-18的溶解曲线图见图19,R-19的溶解曲线图见图20,R-20的溶解曲线图见图21,R-21的溶解曲线图见图22。因RNA样本特殊性,本次检测以20~90℃范围内1/2RFUmax值所对应的温度为样本Tm值。
表72:
| TM值(℃) | |
| R-15 | 57.5℃ |
| R-16 | 53.8℃ |
| R-17 | 55.2℃ |
| R-18 | 54.5℃ |
| R-19 | 54.0℃ |
| R-20 | 59.5℃ |
| R-21 | 65.0℃ |
7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒的TM值均较高,表明自组装产物具有良好的结构稳定性。
实施例11
一、7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒载体:
(1)7组组成延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒的三条多核苷酸碱基序列:
表73:D-8:
表74:D-9:
表75:D-10:
表76:D-11:
表77:D-12:
表78:D-13:
表79:D-14:
二、自组装试验步骤:
(1)按1:1:1的摩尔比将DNA单链a,b,c同时混合溶于DEPC水或TMS缓冲液中;
(2)加热混合溶液至95℃,保持5min后以2℃/min的速率缓慢降温到室温;
(3)将产物上样到8%(m/v)非变性PAGE凝胶上并在TBM缓冲液中4℃条件下,以100V电泳纯化复合体;
(4)切下目的条带并在DNA洗脱缓冲液中37℃洗脱,之后乙醇沉淀过夜,减压低温挥干,得到DNA自组装产物;
(5)电泳分析检测与激光扫描观察;
(6)电位检测;
(7)粒径检测;
(8)TM值检测。
三、自组装试验结果
(1)电泳检测
主要试剂和仪器如下:
表80:
| 试剂名称 | 货号 | 厂家 |
| 6×DNA Loading buffer | TSJ010 | 擎科生物 |
| 20bp DNA Ladder | 3420A | TAKARA |
| 10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料 | E1020 | solarbio |
| 8%非变性PAGE凝胶 | / | 自配 |
| 1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶) | / | 自配 |
表81:
步骤:
①将DNA纳米颗粒按下表82方法采用超纯水进行稀释。
表82:
②取处理后的样品10μL(500ng)与2μL 6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
③取8%非变性PAGE凝胶,将不同孵育时间的样品上一块胶,将12μL处理的样品全部上样,设置程序100V跑胶40min。
④跑胶结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
检测结果:
7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA自组装产物的非变性PAGE胶跑胶结果见图23。图23中泳道1至7从左到右依次为:7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA自组装产物D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13、D-14。
由图23结果可以清楚地看出7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA自组装产物的条带均明亮清晰,表明7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA链均完成了自组装,形成了稳定的纳米颗粒结构。
(2)电位测定
测定方法:准备好电位样品(自组装产物溶于超纯水中)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
打开软件,点击菜单MeasUre€ManUal,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
设置软件检测参数;
然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始;
测定结果:7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒的25℃电位检测结果如下:
表83:
表84:
表85:
表86:
表87:
表88:
表89:
由上述电位检测数据可知:7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒均具有良好的稳定性,进一步表明各延长段变形+核心短序列DNA自组装而成的纳米颗粒具有较稳定的自组装结构。
(3)粒径测量
①准备好电位样品(7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA)放入样品池中,打开仪器的样品池盖,放入仪器;
②打开软件,点击菜单,出现手动测量参数设置对话框;
③设置软件检测参数;
④然后点击确定完毕设置,出现测量对话框,点击Start开始,7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA的流体动力学尺寸的DLS测量值结果分别如下:
表90:
| 平均粒径(nm) | |
| D-8 | 7.460 |
| D-9 | 7.920 |
| D-10 | 7.220 |
| D-11 | 7.472 |
| D-12 | 6.968 |
| D-13 | 7.012 |
| D-14 | 6.896 |
(4)TM值检测
采用溶解曲线法,对7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒的TM值进行检测,样品与电位样品一致。
试剂和仪器如下:
表91:
| 试剂名称 | 货号 | 厂家 |
| AE buffer | / | Takara |
| SYBR Green I染料 | / | 自配 |
表92:
| 名称 | 型号 | 生产厂家 |
| Real-Time System | CFX Connect | Bio-rad |
| 超净工作台 | HDL | 北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司 |
步骤:
①样品采用超纯水进行稀释后,将5μg稀释所得样品与2μL SYBR Green I染料(1:200稀释)进行混合,终体积20μL,稀释浓度如下:
表93:
②室温避光孵育30min;
③上机检测,程序设置为20℃开始,每秒升温0.1℃至95℃,每5s读数一次。
检测结果:
7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒的TM值如下,D-8的溶解曲线图见图24,D-9的溶解曲线图见图25,D-10的溶解曲线图见图26,D-11的溶解曲线图见图27,D-12的溶解曲线图见图28,D-13的溶解曲线图见图29,D-14的溶解曲线图见图30。
表94:
| TM值(℃) | |
| D-8 | 48.5 |
| D-9 | 52.5 |
| D-10 | 54.5~55.0 |
| D-11 | 48.7 |
| D-12 | 51.5 |
| D-13 | 51.0 |
| D-14 | 49.2 |
由图26至30所示的7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒的溶解曲线可以看出,TM值均较高,表明样本纯度较高且自组装结构稳定。
检测核酸纳米颗粒在血清中的稳定性
实施例12
采用非变性PAGE法对7组延长段变形+核心短序列RNA纳米颗粒在血清中的稳定性进行表征。
主要试剂和仪器如下:
表95:
| 试剂名称 | 货号 | 厂家 |
| 6×DNA Loading buffer | TSJ010 | 擎科生物 |
| 20bp DNA Ladder | 3420A | TAKARA |
| 10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料 | E1020 | solarbio |
| 8%非变性PAGE凝胶 | / | 自配 |
| 1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶) | / | 自配 |
| 血清(FBS) | / | Excel |
| RPMI 1640 | / | GBICO |
表96:
步骤:
①将RNA纳米颗粒配制为下表浓度,然后将配制后的样品按下表中的方法进行稀释,稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h);
表97:
②取处理后的样品10μL与2μL 6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记;
③取8%非变性PAGE凝胶,将不同孵育时间的样品上一块胶,将12μL处理的样品全部上样,设置程序100V跑胶40min;
④跑胶结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床缓慢振荡30min,拍照成像。
R-15的电泳检测结果见图31,R-16的电泳检测结果见图32,R-17的电泳检测结果见图33,R-18的电泳检测结果见图34,R-19的电泳检测结果见图35,R-20的电泳检测结果见图36,R-21的电泳检测结果见图37。图31至37中,从左到右的泳道分别为M:marker;1:36h;2:12h;3:1h;4:10min;5:0min。从血清稳定性试验结果可知:10min、1h、12h和36h的非变性胶结果显示,不同时间RNA纳米颗粒样品条带无明显差别,表明RNA纳米颗粒R-15至R-21在50%FBS的1640培养基中比较稳定,无明显降解。
实施例13
采用非变性PAGE法对7组延长段变形+核心短序列DNA纳米颗粒在血清中的稳定性进行表征。
主要试剂和仪器如下:
表98:
| 试剂名称 | 货号 | 厂家 |
| 6×DNA Loading buffer | TSJ010 | 擎科生物 |
| 20bp DNA Ladder | 3420A | TAKARA |
| 10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料 | E1020 | solarbio |
| 8%非变性PAGE凝胶 | / | 自配 |
| 1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶) | / | 自配 |
| 血清(FBS) | / | Excel |
| RPMI 1640 | / | GBICO |
表99:
步骤:
①将DNA纳米颗粒配制为下表浓度,然后将配制后的样品按下表中的方法进行稀释,稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h);
表100:
②取处理后的样品5μL与1μL 6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记;
③取8%非变性PAGE凝胶,将不同孵育时间的样品上一块胶,将6μL处理的样品全部上样,设置程序100V跑胶40min;
④跑胶结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床缓慢振荡30min,拍照成像。
D-8的电泳检测结果见图38,D-9的电泳检测结果见图39,D-10的电泳检测结果见图40,D-11的电泳检测结果见图41,D-12的电泳检测结果见图42,D-13的电泳检测结果见图43,D-14的电泳检测结果见图44。图38至44中,从左到右的泳道分别为M:marker;1:36h;2:12h;3:1h;4:10min;5:0min。从血清稳定性试验结果可知:10min、1h、12h和36h的非变性胶结果显示,不同时间DNA纳米颗粒样品条带无明显差别,表明DNA纳米颗粒D-8至D-14在50%FBS的1640培养基中比较稳定,无明显降解。
核酸纳米颗粒挂载药物试验
实施例14
阿霉素挂载实验:
根据实施例5的化学法挂载方法(除特殊限定外,方法同实施例5相同),分别采用前述实施例10中R-15、R-16、R-17、R-18、R-19、R-20和R-21自组装形成的RNA纳米颗粒、实施例11中D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13和D-14自组装形成的DNA纳米颗粒作为阿霉素挂载载体,测得阿霉素挂载率分别如下:
RNA纳米颗粒R-15的阿霉素挂载率为20.5;
RNA纳米颗粒R-16的阿霉素挂载率为29.4;
RNA纳米颗粒R-17的阿霉素挂载率为30.9;
RNA纳米颗粒R-18的阿霉素挂载率为34.1;
RNA纳米颗粒R-19的阿霉素挂载率为27.1;
RNA纳米颗粒R-20的阿霉素挂载率为30.2;
RNA纳米颗粒R-21的阿霉素挂载率为20.1;
DNA纳米颗粒D-8的阿霉素挂载率为28.0;
DNA纳米颗粒D-9的阿霉素挂载率为27.9;
DNA纳米颗粒D-10的阿霉素挂载率为18.9;
DNA纳米颗粒D-11的阿霉素挂载率为26.8;
DNA纳米颗粒D-12的阿霉素挂载率为27.6;
DNA纳米颗粒D-13的阿霉素挂载率为31.8;
DNA纳米颗粒D-14的阿霉素挂载率为32。
流式细胞仪(FACS)实验检测DNA纳米颗粒及载体药的细胞结合能力
实施例15
一、细胞信息
HepG2(来源协和细胞库),培养基为DMEM+10%FBS+1%双抗(gibco,15140-122),培养条件为37℃,5%CO
2,饱和湿度。
二、待测物
空白载体:前述实施例11中D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13和D-14自组装形成的DNA纳米颗粒载体。
载体药:根据实施例5的化学法挂载方法(除特殊限定外,方法同实施例5相同),采用前述实施例11中D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13和D-14自组装形成的DNA纳米颗粒挂载阿霉素,分别记为D-8-阿霉素、D-9-阿霉素、D-10-阿霉素、D-11-阿霉素、D-12-阿霉素、D-13-阿霉素和D-14-阿霉素。
三、主要设备、耗材
表101:
| 生产厂家 | 型号 | |
| 生物安全柜 | 北京东联哈尔仪器制造公司 | BSC-1360 Ⅱ A2 |
| 低速离心机 | 中科中佳仪器有限公司 | SC-3612 |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 倒置显微镜 | UOP | DSZ2000X |
| 流式细胞仪 | BD | BD FACSCalibur TM |
四、主要试剂
表102:
| 试剂名称 | 生产厂家 | 货号 | 备注 |
| DMEM(无生物素) | 百药智达提供 | YS3160 | |
| 1%BSA-PBS | 自配 | - |
五、实验方法:
1.调整细胞状态到对数生长期,更换培养基为无生物素无叶酸的培养基,置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
2.孵育结束后,胰酶消化收集细胞悬液,1000rmp离心5min,调整浓度后,取2×10
5-5×10
5细胞/EP管,用1mL/管1%BSA-PBS洗2次,观察管底细胞,以防被吸走。
3.溶解待测物,稀释待测物到使用浓度;
4.将细胞上清液吸净,每管按顺序加入100μL相应样品,避光,37℃孵育2h;
5.用1%BSA-PBS洗2次;1000rmp离心5min;
6.最后用300μL PBS重悬细胞沉淀,流式上机检测(本实施例所用的空白载体是由Quasar 670标记的,而载体药中的阿霉素自带荧光,因此可以分别通过FL4-APC和FL2-PE进行检测);
7.数据分析。
六、实验结果
1.实验结果见下表:
表103:
2.结论
1.HepG2细胞与D-8-阿霉素(载体药)及D-8(空白载体)孵育后,均有很高(93.1%~98.4%)的结合率。
2.HepG2细胞与D-9-阿霉素(载体药)及D-9(空白载体)孵育后,均有很高(88.6%~98.1%)的结合率。
3.HepG2细胞与D-10-阿霉素(载体药)及D-10(空白载体)孵育后,均有很高(89.4%~98.3%)的结合率。
4.HepG2细胞与D-11-阿霉素(载体药)及D-11(空白载体)孵育后,均有很高(89.3%~97.8%)的结合率。
5.HepG2细胞与D-12-阿霉素(载体药)及D-12(空白载体)孵育后,均有很高(94.6%~97.1%)的结合率。
6.HepG2细胞与D-13-阿霉素(载体药)及D-13(空白载体)孵育后,均有很高(89.6%~98.2%)的结合率。
7.HepG2细胞与D-14-阿霉素(载体药)及D-14(空白载体)孵育后,均有很高(90.3%~98.3%)的结合率。
研究DNA纳米颗粒及载体药在HepG2细胞中的细胞毒性
实施例16
采用CCK8法检测DNA纳米颗粒及载体药对HepG2的毒性。
一、主要试剂
表104:
| 试剂名称 | 厂家 | 货号 |
| PBS | - | - |
| DMSO | SIGMA | D2650 |
| DMEM(无生物素) | 百药智达提供 | YS3160 |
| FBS | Excell Bio | FSP500 |
| 双抗 | gibco | 15140-122 |
| 胰酶 | gibco | 25200-056 |
| CCK8试剂盒 | 碧云天 | C0038 |
二、主要耗材和仪器
表105:
| 名称 | 生产厂家 | 型号 |
| 96孔细胞培养板 | NEST | 701001 |
| 生物安全柜 | 北京东联哈尔仪器制造公司 | BSC-1360 Ⅱ A2 |
| 低速离心机 | 中科中佳仪器有限公司 | SC-3612 |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 倒置显微镜 | UOP | DSZ2000X |
| 酶标仪 | 上海欧颖实验设备有限公司 | K3 |
三、细胞信息
HepG2(来源协和细胞库),培养基为DMEM+10%FBS+1%双抗(gibco,15140-122),培养条件为37℃,5%CO
2,饱和湿度。
四、实验材料
1.待测样品
空白载体:前述实施例11中D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13和D-14自组装形成的DNA纳米颗粒载体,分别记作:D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13和D-14。
载体药:根据实施例5的化学法挂载方法(除特殊限定外,方法同实施例5相同),采用前述实施例11中D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13和D-14自组装形成的DNA纳米颗粒挂载阿霉素,分别记为D-8-阿霉素、D-9-阿霉素、D-10-阿霉素、D-11-阿霉素、D-12-阿霉素、D-13-阿霉素和D-14-阿霉素。
原药阿霉素。
DMSO。
五、实验步骤
1.取对数生长期的HepG2细胞,使用台盼蓝染色计数细胞活率为98.3%,以5000个Cell/孔进行铺板,体积为100μL/孔,铺8个96孔板,每板57个孔,37℃孵育过夜。
2.按照下表稀释待测样品并加入:去除原有培养基,加入100μL不同浓度待测样品的培养基,每组3个复孔。
表106:
| 孔号 | C9 | C8 | C7 | C6 | C5 | C4 | C3 | C2 | C1 |
| 挂载药终浓度 | 10μM | 3.16μM | 1μM | 316nM | 100nM | 31.6nM | 10nM | 3.16nM | 1nM |
| 空载体终浓度 | 1μM | 316nM | 100nM | 31.6nM | 10nM | 3.16nM | 1nM | 0.316nM | 0.1nM |
| 原药阿霉素终浓度 | 10μM | 3.16μM | 1μM | 316nM | 100nM | 31.6nM | 10nM | 3.16nM | 1nM |
| DMSO(%) | 0.1 | 0.0316 | 0.01 | 0.00316 | 0.001 | 0.00036 | 0.0001 | 0.000036 | 0.00001 |
在本实施例中,挂载药和空白载体分别先用PBS配制成100μM的原液,再用完全培养基(无生物素DMEM)进行稀释。原药阿霉素先用DMSO配制成100μM的原液,再用完全培养基(无生物素DMEM)进行稀释。DMSO直接用完全培养基(无生物素DMEM)进行稀释。
3.加待测样品后将96孔板放入37℃ 5%CO
2培养箱中孵育72h。
4.将试剂盒取出室温融化,每孔加入10μL CCK-8溶液,也可将CCK8溶液与培养基以1:9混合,然后以100μL/孔的量加入孔中。
5.在细胞培养箱内继续孵育4h,时间的长短根据细胞的类型和细胞的密度等实验情况而定。
6.用酶标仪在450nm处测定吸光度。
7.计算:细胞活力(%)=(OD实验组-OD空白组)×100%/(OD对照组-OD空白组),由GraphPad Prism 5.0计算得到IC
50。
六、实验结果
表107:
结论:
从上表和图45a、图45b、图45c、图45d、图45e、图45f、图45g、图45h中可以看出,原药阿霉素及挂载药D-8-阿霉素、D-9-阿霉素、D-10-阿霉素、D-11-阿霉素、D-12-阿霉素、D-13-阿霉素和D-14-阿霉素作用于HepG2细胞的IC
50分别为0.2725μM、0.05087μM、0.0386、 0.03955、0.04271、0.02294、0.03017和0.03458;DMSO作用于HepG2细胞的IC
50为>0.1%;D-8(空白载体)、D-9(空白载体)、D-10(空白载体)、D-11(空白载体)、D-12(空白载体)、D-13(空白载体)和D-14(空白载体)作用于HepG2细胞的IC
50均>1μM。说明针对HepG2细胞系而言,相比单纯的空白载体D-8、D-9、D-10、D-11、D-12、D-13和D-14,小分子药物原药阿霉素及挂载药D-8-阿霉素、D-9-阿霉素、D-10-阿霉素、D-11-阿霉素、D-12-阿霉素、D-13-阿霉素和D-14-阿霉素都对HepG2细胞有毒性,且挂载药D-8-阿霉素、D-9-阿霉素、D-10-阿霉素、D-11-阿霉素、D-12-阿霉素、D-13-阿霉素和D-14-阿霉素相对于原药阿霉素有明显的增效作用。
实施例17
根据实施例5的化学法挂载方法(除特殊限定外,方法同实施例5相同),采用前述实施例11中D-10和D-14自组装形成的DNA纳米颗粒作为柔红霉素挂载载体。利用酶标仪测量492nm处柔红霉素的吸光度,绘制标准曲线(如图46所示)。
测得柔红霉素挂载率分别如下:
DNA纳米颗粒D-10的柔红霉素挂载率为24.0;
DNA纳米颗粒D-14的柔红霉素挂载率为25.1。
实施例18
来那度胺挂载实验
(一)化学法挂载:
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料及试剂:
(1)核酸纳米颗粒:与实施例1中的RNA纳米颗粒类似,不同之处在于c链上的荧光标记为Cy5。
(2)DEPC水:碧云天。
(3)PBS缓冲液:cellgro。
(4)4%多聚甲醛
(5)来那度胺(Epirarunixon)。
(6)氯仿:北化。
(7)无水乙醇:北化。
2.实验方法:
(1)精密称取来那度胺(1.354μmoL)溶于DEPC水(1.0mL)及PBS缓冲液(1.25mL),冰水浴冷却下加入4%多聚甲醛水溶液(0.25mL)混匀,将此混合液全部与RNA纳米颗粒(33.84nmoL)混匀,并在避光条件下于4℃反应72小时。
(2)取反应液10μL稀释10倍,以50μM的来那度胺水溶液及310ng/μL的RNA纳米颗粒为对照,按等体积进样进行HPLC分析。根据各组分峰面积比可判断反应转化基本完全。
(3)将反应液以氯仿萃取(10mLx3),随后加入25mL的无水乙醇,混匀后避光置于4℃使产物充分析出(4小时)。离心(4000/min),转移上清,固体产物再次以乙醇(50mL)洗,于低温下减压使溶剂挥发干,得到暗红色固体产物。
(4)挂载率计算:
1.配置已知浓度的来那度胺-甲醇标准液:2μM、4μM、6μM、8μM、10μM,各100μl;
2.将来那度胺-RNAh颗粒溶解在100μl PBS中;
3.将标准液与来那度胺-RNAh颗粒置于PCR板中,于85℃加热5min,随后冷却至室温;
4.利用酶标仪测量210nm处来那度胺的吸光度,绘制标准曲线,计算得出挂载产物中表柔比星的摩尔浓度;
5.利用分光光度计测量260nm处RNA的吸光度,得到每个样品中含有RNAh颗粒的质量浓度;
6.根据测量得到的来那度胺摩尔浓度及RNAh颗粒的质量浓度,计算挂载率。
RNA核酸纳米颗粒挂载来那度胺的标准曲线见图47a,计算具体过程如下:
C
RNAh-1=38.4μg/ml,M
RNAh≈30000,100μl;C
来那度胺-1=12.2μM,100μl;
C
RNAh-2=49.3μg/ml,M
RNAh≈30000,100μl;C
来那度胺-2=26.7μM,100μl;
取其平均值得到来那度胺-RNAh核酸纳米颗粒的挂载率约为13,表示每一个核酸纳米颗粒载体上能够挂载约13个来那度胺分子。
(二)DNA核酸纳米颗粒的挂载实验
挂载方法及挂载率的计算方式同上述RNA核酸纳米颗粒,具体所使用的核酸纳米颗粒为:DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5,其中,DNAh的三条链分别为:
a链:(SEQ ID NO:172:)5’-CGCGCGCCCACGAGCGTTCCGGGCGCGCCTTAGTAACGTGCTTTGATGTCGATTCGACAGGAGGC-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,5’端连接Biotin(生物素),黑体加粗部分为EGFR的siRNA序列;
b链(SEQ ID NO:173:):5’-GCGCCCGGTTCGCCGCCAGCCGCCGC-3’,5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰;
c链(SEQ ID NO:174:):5’-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCG-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,3’端连接Cy5荧光标记。
DNA核酸纳米颗粒挂载来那度胺的标准曲线见图47b,具体计算过程如下:
C
DNAh-1=13.13μg/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100μl;C
来那度胺-1=1.99μM,100μl;
C
DNAh-2=26.63μg/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100μl;C
来那度胺-2=13.27μM,100μl;
取其平均值得到来那度胺-DNAh纳米颗粒的挂载率约为13,表示每一个DNA米颗粒载体上能够挂载约13个来那度胺。
实施例18表明,带有延长片段、靶头和荧光素的RNA纳米颗粒(实施例1中的)和DNA纳米颗粒均具有挂载药物的功能,而且小分子药物来那度胺可以通过共价连接(多聚甲醛—溶剂共价)的方式来实现挂载。
实施例19
流式细胞实验检测载药DNA纳米颗粒的细胞结合能力
一、细胞信息
RPMI 8226(来源ATCC,货号CRM-CCL-155),培养基为RPMI 1640+10%FBS,培养条件为37℃,5%CO
2,饱和湿度。
二、待测物
靶向药物:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺(实施例18中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物)。
荧光载体:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(实施例18中的DNA纳米颗粒)。
三、设备、耗材(见表108)
表108
四、试剂(见表109)
表109:
五、实验方法:
1.调整细胞状态到对数生长期,更换培养基为无生物素无叶酸的培养基,置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
2.溶解待测物,配置待测物储液;
3.消化收集单细胞悬液并计数,调整细胞密度到2×10
5/mL,种植1mL/孔到24孔板中;
4.分别将待测物加入相应的细胞孔中,终浓度0.1μM、0.2μM及0.4μM,震荡混匀;
5.将细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育2小时;
6.孵育结束后,胰酶消化收集细胞悬液;
7.离心收集细胞沉淀,并用PBS清洗两次;
8.最后用300μL PBS重悬细胞沉淀,流式上机检测;
9.荧光载体或来那度胺检测通道:激发光波长:488nm,发射光通道:560nm;
10.数据分析。
六、实验结果(见表110)
表110:
从表110可以看出,来那度胺靶向药DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5-来那度胺能够与RPMI 8226细胞结合,且结合率百分之百;而荧光载体DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5同样能够与RPMI 8226细胞结合,结合率也是近乎百分之百。
实施例20
检测DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺纳米颗粒在血清中的稳定性
一、实验材料、试剂及设备
1.实验材料
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺(同实施例19),浓度1.4mg/ml。
2.实验试剂
6×DNA上样缓冲液(TSJ010,擎科生物),100bp DNA分子标记(TSJ010,擎科生物);10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料(E1020,solarbio);8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(自配);1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶)(自配);血清(FBS)(Excel);RPMI 1640(GBICO)。
电泳仪(PowerPac Basic,Bio-rad),垂直电泳槽(Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell,Bio-rad),脱色摇床(TS-3D,orbital shaker),凝胶成像仪(Tanon 3500,Tanon)。
二、实验方法
(1)将DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺纳米颗粒取3μL,用含10%血清的RPMI 1640培养基58.8μL进行稀释,稀释后浓度达200μg/ml,分别稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h)。
(2)取处理后的样品与6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
(3)取8%Native PAGE,将不同孵育时间的纳米颗粒样品上一块胶,上样量20μL/孔/样,设置程序90-100V电泳50min。
(4)电泳结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
三、实验结果
非变性PAGE胶电泳结果见图48,其中,1代表0min,2代表10min,3代表1h,4代表12h,5代表36h。DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺纳米颗粒的目的条带在200bp左右,从图48上可以看出,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺纳米颗粒在37℃孵育12h以上有轻微的药物释放或降解。
实施例21
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺纳米颗粒分别在RPMI 8226细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料
1.细胞信息(见表111):
表111:
| 名称 | 来源 | 培养基 | 培养条件 |
| RPMI 8226 | ATCC | RPMI 1640,10%FBS | 37℃,5%CO 2,饱和湿度 |
2.待测样品(见表112):
表112:
3.耗材与设备(见表113):
表113:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 96孔板 | Corning | 3599 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
4.试剂(见表114):
表114:
二、实验方法:
1)收获对数生长期的细胞,取少量用台盼蓝染色计数,保证细胞活力达到98%以上;
2)用生长培养基调整细胞密度到1.11×10
5/mL;
3)种植90μL/孔细胞悬液到96孔板中,孔板中每孔细胞数量为10000;
4)将种植好的细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
5)对化合物做9个浓度点的3.16倍梯度稀释;
6)取出细胞培养板,将10μL/孔的10X浓度药物工作液加入到细胞培养板的相应孔中,每个浓度做三个复孔,药物最终作用浓度见下表115;
表115:
7)将细胞培养板置于培养箱中继续孵育96小时;
10)将细胞培养板置于37℃培养箱中继续孵育3小时;
11)用酶标仪读取细胞板中各孔的OD
490值;
12)数据处理与分析。
采用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件对数据进行图形化处理.为计算IC50,对数据进行“S”形非线性回归分析,匹配相适应的剂量-效应曲线。存活率的计算公式如下,IC50可在GraphPad Prism 5.0中自动计算得出。
细胞活力(%)=(OD
待测孔–OD
空白对照)/(OD
阴性对照-OD
空白对照)×100%。
三、实验结果(见表116、图49a至49d)
表116:
从表116及图49a,49b,49c,49d可以看出,针对RPMI 8226细胞系而言,相比单纯的DNAh靶向荧光载体DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5,小分子药物来那度胺及DNAh载药颗粒DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺都对RPMI 8226细胞有毒性,且DNAh载药颗粒DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺的IC50药物浓度不到小分子药物来那度胺的IC50药物浓度的1/5。来那度胺及DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-来那度胺作用于RPMI 8226细胞的IC50为72.33μM及13.35μM,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5及DMSO作用于RPMI 8226细胞的IC50分别为>0.1μM及>1%。
实施例22
阿糖胞苷挂载实验
(一)化学法挂载:
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料及试剂:
(1)核酸纳米颗粒为:DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5,其中,DNAh的三条链分别为:
a链:(SEQ ID NO:172:)5’-CGCGCGCCCACGAGCGTTCCGGGCGCGCCTTAGTAACGTGCTTTGATGTCGATTCGACAGGAGGC-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,5’端连接Biotin(生物素),黑体加粗部分为EGFR的siRNA序列;
b链(SEQ ID NO:173:):5’-GCGCCCGGTTCGCCGCCAGCCGCCGC-3’,5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰;
c链(SEQ ID NO:174:):5’-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCG-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,3’端连接Cy5荧光标记。
(2)DEPC水:碧云天。
(3)PBS缓冲液:cellgro。
(4)4%多聚甲醛
(5)阿糖胞苷(Epirarunixon)。
(6)氯仿:北化。
(7)无水乙醇:北化。
2.实验方法:
(1)精密称取阿糖胞苷(1.354μmoL)溶于DEPC水(1.0mL)及PBS缓冲液(1.25mL),冰水浴冷却下加入4%多聚甲醛水溶液(0.25mL)混匀,将此混合液全部与RNA纳米颗粒(33.84nmoL)混匀,并在避光条件下于4℃反应72小时。
(2)取反应液10μL稀释10倍,以50μM的阿糖胞苷水溶液及310ng/μL的RNA纳米颗粒为对照,按等体积进样进行HPLC分析。根据各组分峰面积比可判断反应转化基本完全。
(3)将反应液以氯仿萃取(10mLx3),随后加入25mL的无水乙醇,混匀后避光置于4℃使产物充分析出(4小时)。离心(4000/min),转移上清,固体产物再次以乙醇(50mL)洗,于低温下减压使溶剂挥发干,得到暗红色固体产物。
(4)挂载率计算:
1.配置已知浓度的阿糖胞苷-PBS标准液:2μM、4μM、6μM、8μM、10μM,各100μl;
2.将阿糖胞苷-DNAh颗粒溶解在100μl PBS中;
3.将标准液与阿糖胞苷-DNAh颗粒置于PCR板中,于85℃加热5min,随后冷却至室温;
4.利用酶标仪测量272nm处阿糖胞苷的吸光度,绘制标准曲线,计算得出挂载产物中阿糖胞苷的摩尔浓度;
5.利用分光光度计测量260nm处DNA的吸光度,得到每个样品中含有DNAh颗粒的质量浓度;
6.根据测量得到的阿糖胞苷摩尔浓度及DNAh颗粒的质量浓度,计算挂载率。
DNA颗粒挂载阿糖胞苷的标准曲线图,见图50。
C
DNAh-1=32.4μg/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100μl;C
阿糖胞苷-1=9.8μM,100μl;
C
DNAh-2=43.8μg/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100μl;C
阿糖胞苷-2=12.32μM,100μl;
取其平均值得到阿糖胞苷-DNAh核酸纳米颗粒的挂载率约为89,表示每一个核酸纳米颗粒载体上能够挂载约89个阿糖胞苷分子。
实施例22表明,带有延长片段、靶头和荧光素的DNA纳米颗粒具有挂载药物的功能,而且小分子药物阿糖胞苷可以通过共价连接的方式来实现挂载。
实施例23
流式细胞实验检测载药DNA纳米颗粒的细胞结合能力
一、细胞信息
MV4-11(来源ATCC,货号CRL-9591),培养基为RPMI 1640+10%FBS,培养条件为37℃,5%CO
2,饱和湿度。
二、待测物
靶向药物:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷(实施例22中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物)。
荧光载体:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(实施例22中的DNA纳米颗粒)。
三、设备、耗材(见表117)
表117
四、试剂(见表118)
表118:
五、实验方法:
1.调整细胞状态到对数生长期,更换培养基为无生物素无叶酸的培养基,置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
2.溶解待测物,配置待测物储液;
3.消化收集单细胞悬液并计数,调整细胞密度到2×10
5/mL,种植1mL/孔到24孔板中;
4.分别将待测物加入相应的细胞孔中,终浓度0.1μM、0.2μM及0.4μM,震荡混匀;
5.将细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育2小时;
6.孵育结束后,胰酶消化收集细胞悬液;
7.离心收集细胞沉淀,并用PBS清洗两次;
8.最后用300μL PBS重悬细胞沉淀,流式上机检测;
9.荧光载体或阿糖胞苷检测通道:激发光波长:488nm,发射光通道:560nm;
10.数据分析。
六、实验结果(见表119)
表119:
从表119可以看出,阿糖胞苷靶向药DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷能够与MV4-11细胞细胞结合,且结合率近乎百分之百;而荧光载体DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5同样能够与MV4-11细胞结合,结合率也是近乎百分之百。
实施例24
检测DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷纳米颗粒在血清中的稳定性
一、实验材料、试剂及设备
1.实验材料
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷(同实施例23),浓度1321.8μg/ml。
2.实验试剂
6×DNA上样缓冲液(TSJ010,擎科生物),100bp DNA分子标记(TSJ010,擎科生物);10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料(E1020,solarbio);8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(自配);1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶)(自配);血清(FBS)(Excel);RPMI 1640(GBICO)。
电泳仪(PowerPac Basic,Bio-rad),垂直电泳槽(Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell,Bio-rad),脱色摇床(TS-3D,orbital shaker),凝胶成像仪(Tanon 3500,Tanon)。
二、实验方法
(1)将DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷纳米颗粒取4μL,用含10%血清的RPMI 1640培养基21.8μL进行稀释,稀释后浓度达197.5μg/ml,分别稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h)。
(2)取处理后的样品20μL与4μL 6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
(3)取8%Native PAGE,将不同孵育时间的纳米颗粒样品上一块胶,上样量20μL/孔/样,设置程序90-100V电泳50min。
(4)电泳结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
三、实验结果
非变性PAGE胶电泳结果见图51,其中,1代表0min,2代表10min,3代表1h,4代表12h,5代表36h。DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷纳米颗粒的目的条带在200bp左右,从图51上可以看出,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷纳米颗粒在37℃孵育基本稳定,孵育12h和36h后,出现轻微的药物释放或降解。
实施例25
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷纳米颗粒分别在MV4-11细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料
1.细胞信息(见表120):
表120:
| 名称 | 来源 | 培养基 | 培养条件 |
| MV4-11 | ATCC | RPMI 1640,10%FBS | 37℃,5%CO 2,饱和湿度 |
2.待测样品(见表121):
表121:
3.耗材与设备(见表122):
表122:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 96孔板 | Corning | 3599 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
4.试剂(见表123):
表123:
二、实验方法:
1)收获对数生长期的细胞,取少量用台盼蓝染色计数,保证细胞活力达到98%以上;
2)用生长培养基调整细胞密度到1.11×10
5/mL;
3)种植90μL/孔细胞悬液到96孔板中,孔板中每孔细胞数量为10000;
4)将种植好的细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
5)对化合物做9个浓度点的3.16倍梯度稀释;
6)取出细胞培养板,将10μL/孔的10X浓度药物工作液加入到细胞培养板的相应孔中,每个浓度做三个复孔,药物最终作用浓度见下表124;
表124:
7)将细胞培养板置于培养箱中继续孵育96小时;
10)将细胞培养板置于37℃培养箱中继续孵育3小时;
11)用酶标仪读取细胞板中各孔的OD
490值;
12)数据处理与分析。
采用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件对数据进行图形化处理.为计算IC50,对数据进行“S”形非线性回归分析,匹配相适应的剂量-效应曲线。存活率的计算公式如下,IC50可在GraphPad Prism 5.0中自动计算得出。
细胞活力(%)=(OD
待测孔–OD
空白对照)/(OD
阴性对照-OD
空白对照)x 100%。
三、实验结果(见表125、图52a至52d)
表125:
从表125及图52a,52b,52c,52d可以看出,针对MV4-11细胞系而言,相比单纯的DNAh靶向荧光载体,小分子药物阿糖胞苷及DNAh载药颗粒DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-阿糖胞苷都对MV4-11细胞有毒性。
实施例26
多西他赛挂载实验
(一)化学法挂载:
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料及试剂:
(1)核酸纳米颗粒:与实施例1中的RNA纳米颗粒类似,不同之处在于c链上的荧光标记为Cy5。
(2)多西他赛:分子量:850
(3)DEPC水,插入缓冲液(0.1M乙酸钠,0.005M NaCl,0.01M MgCl
2),乙醇等溶剂溶液由华北海威提供。
2.实验方法:
(1)精确秤取CX16113(0.144mg,40μm),溶于插入缓冲液(0.1M乙酸钠,0.05M NaCl,0.001M MgCl
2)的RNAh纳米颗粒(0.25mg,2μm)溶液(1mL)中;
(2)在37度下避光孵育1.5小时;
(3)将孵育后的混合溶液以氯仿萃取(3mL 2-3次)至萃取液清透;
(4)抽提上层混合溶液,向其加入无水乙醇(10mL)避光4度使产物析出;
(5)2h后离心,转移上清,固体物以70%乙醇(1mL)洗脱,然后再以无水乙醇(1mL x2)洗,低温减压挥干溶剂得多西他赛-RNAh纳米颗粒;
(6)挂载率计算:
1.配置已知浓度的多西他赛-无水乙醇标准液:2μM、4μM、6μM、8μM、10μM,各100μl;
2.将多西他赛-RNAh颗粒溶解在100μl PBS中;
3.将标准液与多西他赛-RNAh颗粒置于PCR板中,于85℃加热5min,随后冷却至室温;
4.利用酶标仪测量233nm处多西他赛的吸光度,绘制标准曲线,计算得出挂载产物中多西他赛的摩尔浓度;
5.利用分光光度计测量260nm处RNA的吸光度,得到每个样品中含有RNAh颗粒的质量浓度;
6.根据测量得到的多西他赛摩尔浓度及RNAh颗粒的质量浓度,计算挂载率。
DNA核酸纳米颗粒挂载多西他赛的标准曲线见图53a,计算具体过程如下:
C
RNAh-1=46.1μg/ml,M
RNAh≈30000,100μl;C
多西他赛-1=23.0μM,100μl;
C
RNAh-2=49.4μg/ml,M
RNAh≈30000,100μl;C
多西他赛-2=24.9μM,100μl;
取其平均值得到多西他赛-RNAh核酸纳米颗粒的挂载率约为15,表示每一个核酸纳米颗粒载体上能够挂载约15个多西他赛分子。
(二)DNA核酸纳米颗粒的挂载实验
挂载方法及挂载率的计算方式同上述RNA核酸纳米颗粒,具体所使用的核酸纳米颗粒为:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5,其中,DNAh的三条链分别为:
a链:(SEQ ID NO:120:)5’-CGCGCGCCCACGAGCGTTCCGGGCGCGCCTTAGTAACGTGCTTTGATGTCGATTCGACAGGAGGC-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,5’端连接Biotin(生物素),黑体加粗部分为EGFR的siRNA序列;
b链(SEQ ID NO:121:):5’-GCGCCCGGTTCGCCGCCAGCCGCCGC-3’,5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰;
c链(SEQ ID NO:122:):5’-GCGGCGGCAGGCGGCCATAGCCGTGGGCGCGCG-3’;5’端前三个及3’的后三个碱基分别进行硫代修饰,3’端连接Cy5荧光标记。
DNA核酸纳米颗粒挂载多西他赛的标准曲线见图53b,具体计算过程如下:
C
DNAh-1=46.1μg/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100μl;C
多西他赛-1=23.0μM,100μl;
C
DNAh-2=49.4μg/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100μl;C
多西他赛-2=24.9μM,100μl;
取其平均值得到多西他赛-DNAh纳米颗粒的挂载率约为28,表示每一个DNA米颗粒载体上能够挂载约28个多西他赛。
此外,在RNA或DNA纳米颗粒挂载多西他赛的基础上,可进一步按照与挂载多西他赛一样的方法进行第二次挂载其他小分子药物,比如,本申请还进一步挂载了叶酸,得到共同挂载了多西他赛和叶酸两种小分子药物的RNA或DNA纳米颗粒,两种药物的挂载率可以参照上述方法进行检测得到(数值未显示)。
实施例26表明,带有延长片段、靶头和荧光素的RNA纳米颗粒(实施例1中的)和DNA纳米颗粒均具有挂载药物的功能,而且小分子药物多西他赛可以通过共价连接(多聚甲醛—溶剂共价)的方式来实现挂载。
实施例27
流式细胞实验检测载药DNA纳米颗粒的细胞结合能力
一、细胞信息
MCF-7(来源ATCC,货号HTB-22),SK-OV-3(来源ATCC,货号HTB-77);培养基为MEM+10%FBS,培养条件为37℃,5%CO
2,饱和湿度。
二、待测物
靶向药物:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛(实施例26中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物)。
荧光载体:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5。
三、设备、耗材(见表126)
表126
四、试剂(见表127)
表127:
五、实验方法:
1.调整细胞状态到对数生长期,更换培养基为无生物素无叶酸的培养基,置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
2.溶解待测物,配置待测物储液;
3.消化收集单细胞悬液并计数,调整细胞密度到2×10
5/mL,种植1mL/孔到24孔板中;
4.分别将待测物加入相应的细胞孔中,终浓度0.1μM、0.2μM及0.4μM,震荡混匀;
5.将细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育2小时;
6.孵育结束后,胰酶消化收集细胞悬液;
7.离心收集细胞沉淀,并用PBS清洗两次;
8.最后用300μL PBS重悬细胞沉淀,流式上机检测;
9.荧光载体或多西他赛检测通道:激发光波长:488nm,发射光通道:560nm;
10.数据分析。
六、实验结果(见表128)
表128:
从表128可以看出,多西他赛靶向药DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5-多西他赛能够与MCF-7细胞和SK-OV-3细胞结合,且结合率都近乎百分之百;而荧光载体DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5同样能够与MCF-7细胞和SK-OV-3细胞结合,结合率也是百分之百。
实施例28
检测DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒在血清中的稳定性
一、实验材料、试剂及设备
1.实验材料
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛(实施例26中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物),浓度1795.4μg/ml。
2.实验试剂
6×DNA上样缓冲液(TSJ010,擎科生物),100bp DNA分子标记(TSJ010,擎科生物);10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料(E1020,solarbio);8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(自配);1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶)(自配);血清(FBS)(Excel);RPMI 1640(GBICO)。
电泳仪(PowerPac Basic,Bio-rad),垂直电泳槽(Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell,Bio-rad),脱色摇床(TS-3D,orbital shaker),凝胶成像仪(Tanon 3500,Tanon)。
二、实验方法
(1)将DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒取3μL,用含10%血清的RPMI 1640培养基22.3μL进行稀释,稀释后浓度达197.5μg/ml,分别稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h)。
(2)取处理后的样品20μL与4μL 6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
(3)取8%Native PAGE,将不同孵育时间的纳米颗粒样品上一块胶,上样量20μL/孔/样,设置程序90-100V电泳50min。
(4)电泳结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
三、实验结果
非变性PAGE胶电泳结果见图54,其中,1代表0min,2代表10min,3代表1h,4代表12h,5代表36h。DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒的目的条带在200bp左右,从图54上可以看出,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒在37℃孵育基本稳定,孵育12h和36h后,出现轻微的药物释放或降解。
实施例29
研究RNAh-Bio-670-多西他赛纳米颗粒在HCT116细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料:
待测样品:小分子化药多西他赛及RNAh-Bio-670-多西他赛纳米颗粒(实施例26中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物)。
药物浓度配制:
准备现配试剂到对应容积容器中,加PBS定量到10μM.
用培养基制备连续稀释溶剂,从10μM依次到3.33μM,1.11μM,0.370μM,0.124μM,0.041μM,0.014μM,0.0046μM,0.0015μM。
将50μl溶液转移到每个孔以得到分别为5μM,1.667μM,0.556μM,0.185μM,0.062μM,0.021μM,0.0069μM,0.0023μM的终浓度。
2.实验试剂:
CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit(CTG)(Promega,G7572-100mL),DMEM(Gibco);胎牛血清(Fetal bovine serum,FBS)(ExCell Bio,FNA500-500mL);胰蛋白酶Trypsin-EDTA(Stemcell,07901-500mL);DMSO(Sigma,D5879-1L);盘尼西林/链霉素(Penicillin/Streptomycin,Invitrogen)PBS缓冲液(Gibco,C20012500BT-500mL)。
3.实验仪器:
倒置显微镜(Inverted Microscope)(Olympus IX71,No.112A-1);96孔板阅读仪(96-well Plate Reader)(Molecular Devices,Flexstation 3);Perkin Elmer Envision 2104 Multilabel Reader(No.01-094-0002)。
4.实验方法:
1)细胞培养及铺板
HCT116在DMEM基础培养基中添加10%FBS及1%PS中,于37℃和5%CO
2条件下培养。用于实验的细胞密度在80%以上。收集细胞,1000rpm 4分钟离心,培养基重悬,调整细胞浓度,以5000个细胞90μL的体积加到96孔板中,每组4复孔。
2)梯度药物浓度配制及给药
在24小时后,将化合物溶液转移到每个孔中,每孔每个样品200nM,4个复孔。
溶剂对照=DMSO
培养基(未处理)对照:仅有细胞没有化合物处理
空白对照:没有细胞,用于仪器校零
3)细胞给药后培养
将上述加药后细胞于37℃和5%CO
2条件下培养72小时。
4)检测试剂盒处理细胞
将孔板提前拿至室温静置30分钟。向孔板的每个孔中加100μL
试剂,在摇床上2分钟混匀促进细胞裂解。使用Perkin Elmer Envision 2104 Multilabel Reader仪器读值并记录。
5)获取实验数据并处理
将获取的实验数据使用excel软件分析处理,使用GraphPad Prism 5软件拟合曲线分析。
二、实验结果:
表129:细胞存活率
| 细胞系 | 处理时间 | 多西他赛 | RNAh-Bio-670-多西他赛 |
| HCT116 | 72h | 10.68% | 49.49% |
实验结果见表129和图55,从表129和图55中可以看出,多西他赛与RNAh-Bio-670-多西他赛纳米颗粒对于HCT116细胞增殖均有明显抑制作用,给药浓度为200nM时,多西他赛化药组作用HCT116细胞后有明显抑制效果,细胞抑制率分别是50.51%和89.32%。
进一步地,为了确认靶向荧光载体本身对HCT116细胞无明显毒性,本申请进一步设计了RNAh-Bio-FAM靶向荧光载体对HCT116细胞的毒性实验,以小分子化药顺铂(Cisplatin)对HL60细胞的毒性作为对照,结果显示荧光载体本身对HCT116细胞无明显毒性(数据未显示)。
实施例30
DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛纳米颗粒分别在MCF-7和SKOV3细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料
1.细胞信息(见表130):
表130:
2.待测样品(见表131):
表131:
注:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛(实施例26中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物)。
3.耗材与设备(见表132):
表132:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 96孔板 | Corning | 3599 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
4.试剂(见表133):
表133:
二、实验方法:
1)收获对数生长期的细胞,取少量用台盼蓝染色计数,保证细胞活力达到98%以上;
2)用生长培养基调整细胞密度到2.22×10
4/mL;
3)种植90μL/孔细胞悬液到96孔板中,孔板中每孔细胞数量为2000;
4)将种植好的细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
5)对化合物做9个浓度点的3.16倍梯度稀释;
6)取出细胞培养板,将10μL/孔的10X浓度药物工作液加入到细胞培养板的相应孔中,每个浓度做三个复孔,药物最终作用浓度见下表134;
表134:
7)将细胞培养板置于培养箱中继续孵育96小时;
10)将细胞培养板置于37℃培养箱中继续孵育3小时;
11)用酶标仪读取细胞板中各孔的OD
490值;
12)数据处理与分析。
采用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件对数据进行图形化处理.为计算IC50,对数据进行“S”形非线性回归分析,匹配相适应的剂量-效应曲线。存活率的计算公式如下,IC50可在GraphPad Prism 5.0中自动计算得出。
细胞活力(%)=(OD
待测孔–OD
空白对照)/(OD
阴性对照-OD
空白对照)x 100%。
三、实验结果(见表135、图56a至56d及图57a至57d)
表135:
从表135及图56a,56b,56c,56d可以看出,针对MCF-7细胞系而言,多西他赛及DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛都有细胞毒性,作用于MCF-7细胞的IC50分别为<0.001μM及5.909μM,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5及DMSO作用于SKOV3细胞的IC50分别为>1μM及>1%。类似地,从表135及图57a,57b,57c,57d可以看出,针对SKOV3细胞系而言,多西他赛及DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-多西他赛都有细胞毒性,作用于SKOV3细胞的IC50分别为<0.001μM及36.59μM,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5及DMSO作用于SKOV3细胞的IC50分别为>1μM及>1%。
实施例31
米托蒽醌挂载实验
(一)化学法挂载:
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料及试剂:
(1)采用实施例4中第8组DNA序列自组装形成的DNA核酸纳米颗粒D-8(以下记为DNAh纳米颗粒)进行挂载,具体信息见实施例4。
该DNAh纳米颗粒的制备方法与实施例1相似。
(2)DEPC水:碧云天。
(3)PBS缓冲液:cellgro。
(4)4%多聚甲醛
(5)米托蒽醌。
(6)氯仿:北化。
(7)无水乙醇:北化。
2.实验方法:
(1)精密称取米托蒽醌(1.354μmoL)溶于DEPC水(1.0mL)及PBS缓冲液(1.25mL),冰水浴冷却下加入4%多聚甲醛水溶液(0.25mL)混匀,将此混合液全部与DNAh纳米颗粒(1mg,33.84nmoL)混匀,并在避光条件下于4℃反应72小时。
(2)取反应液10μL稀释10倍,以50μM的米托蒽醌水溶液及310ng/μL的DNAh纳米颗粒为对照,按等体积进样进行HPLC分析。根据各组分峰面积比可判断反应转化基本完全。
(3)将反应液以氯仿萃取(10mLx3),随后加入25mL的无水乙醇,混匀后避光置于4℃使产物充分析出(4小时)。离心(4000/min),转移上清,固体产物再次以乙醇(50mL)洗,于低温下减压使溶剂挥发干,得到蓝色固体产物米托蒽醌-DNAh颗粒。
(4)挂载率计算:
1.配置已知浓度的米托蒽醌-PBS标准液:2μM、4μM、6μM、8μM、10μM,各100ul;
2.将米托蒽醌-DNAh颗粒溶解在100ul PBS中;
3.将标准液与米托蒽醌-DNAh颗粒置于PCR板中,于85℃加热5min,随后冷却至室温;
4.利用酶标仪测量272nm处米托蒽醌的吸光度,绘制标准曲线(见图58),计算得出挂载产物中米托蒽醌的摩尔浓度;
5.利用分光光度计测量260nm处DNA的吸光度,得到每个样品中含有DNAh颗粒的质量浓度;
6.根据测量得到的米托蒽醌摩尔浓度及DNAh颗粒的质量浓度,计算挂载率。
计算具体过程如下:
C
DNAh-1=32.4ug/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100ul;C
米托蒽醌-1=9.8uM,100ul;
C
DNAh-2=43.8ug/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100ul;C
米托蒽醌-2=12.32uM,100ul;
取其平均值得到米托蒽醌-DNAh的挂载率约为11.5,每一个DNAh纳米颗粒载体上能够挂载约75米托蒽醌分子。
此外,在上述DNAh纳米颗粒挂载米托蒽醌的基础上,可进一步按照与挂载米托蒽醌一样的方法进行第二次挂载其他小分子药物,比如,本申请还进一步挂载了叶酸,得到共同挂载了米托蒽醌和叶酸两种小分子药物的DNA纳米颗粒,两种药物的挂载率可以参照上述方法进行检测得到(数值未显示)。
实施例31表明,带有延长片段、靶头和荧光素的DNA纳米颗粒均具有挂载药物的功能,小分子药物米托蒽醌可以通过共价连接(多聚甲醛—溶剂共价)的方式来实现挂载,而且还可以与其他小分子药物实现共同挂载。
实施例32
流式细胞仪检测载药DNA纳米颗粒的细胞结合能力
一、细胞信息(见下表136)
表136:
二、待测样品
米托蒽醌靶向药物:DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit;(按照实施例31中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载方式进行挂载)。
靶向荧光载体:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5(实施例31中提供的DNA纳米颗粒)。
三、仪器、设备及相关试剂信息(见表137和表138)
表137:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 24孔板 | Corning | 3526 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
| 流式细胞仪 | ACEA | Novo Cyte |
表138:
四、实验方法:
1)调整细胞状态到对数生长期,更换培养基为无生物素无叶酸的培养基,置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
2)溶解待测物,配置待测物储液;
3)消化收集单细胞悬液并计数,调整细胞密度到2X10
5/mL,种植1mL/孔到24孔板中;
4)分别将待测物加入相应的细胞孔中,终浓度2μM,震荡混匀;
5)将细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育16小时;
6)孵育结束后,胰酶消化收集细胞悬液;
7)离心收集细胞沉淀,并用PBS清洗两次;
8)最后用300μL PBS重悬细胞沉淀,流式上机检测;其中,荧光载体及米托蒽醌靶向药的检测通道:激发光波长:488nm,发射光通道:560nm;
9)数据分析。分析结果见表139。
表139:
从表139可以看出,携带靶头和小分子药物米托蒽醌的DNAh纳米颗粒与细胞的结合率很高,明显可以看出能够与人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7高效结合内化。可见,米托蒽醌靶向药DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit具有治疗乳腺癌的应用前景。
实施例32
检测DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit纳米颗粒血清稳定性
一、实验材料、试剂及设备
1.实验材料:
待测样品:DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit,浓度为1.8mg/ml。
2.实验试剂:
6×DNA上样缓冲液(TSJ010,擎科生物),100bp DNA分子标记(TSJ010,擎科生物);10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料(E1020,solarbio);8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(自配);1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶)(自配);血清(FBS)(Excel);RPMI 1640(GBICO)。
电泳仪(PowerPac Basic,Bio-rad),垂直电泳槽(Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell,Bio-rad),脱色摇床(TS-3D,orbital shaker),凝胶成像仪(Tanon 3500,Tanon)。
二、实验方法
(1)将DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit纳米颗粒取6μL,用含10%血清的RPMI 1640培养基6μL进行稀释,稀释后浓度达900μg/ml,分别稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h)。
(2)取处理后的样品与6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
(3)取8%Native PAGE,将不同孵育时间的纳米颗粒样品上一块胶,上样量20μL/孔/样,设置程序90-100V电泳50min。
(4)电泳结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
三、实验结果
非变性PAGE胶电泳结果见图59。其中,1代表0min,2代表10min,3代表1h,4代表12h,5代表36h。DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit纳米颗粒的目的条带在200bp左右,从图59上可以看出,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit纳米颗粒在37℃孵育至36h基本稳定。
实施例33
DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit纳米颗粒在MCF-7细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料和方法
1.细胞信息(见表140)
表140:
2.待测样品(见表141)
表141:
3.耗材与设备(见表142):
表142:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 96孔板 | Corning | 3599 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
4.试剂(见表143):
表143:
二、实验方法:
1)收获对数生长期的细胞,取少量用台盼蓝染色计数,保证细胞活力达到98%以上;
2)用生长培养基调整细胞密度到2.22×10
4/mL;
3)种植90μL/孔细胞悬液到96孔板中,孔板中每孔细胞数量为2000;
4)将种植好的细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
5)对化合物做9个浓度点的3.16倍梯度稀释;
6)取出细胞培养板,将10μL/孔的10X浓度药物工作液加入到细胞培养板的相应孔中,每个浓度做三个复孔,药物最终作用浓度见下表144;
表144:
7)将细胞培养板置于培养箱中继续孵育96小时;
10)将细胞培养板置于37℃培养箱中继续孵育3小时;
11)用酶标仪读取细胞板中各孔的OD
490值;
12)数据处理与分析。
采用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件对数据进行图形化处理。为计算IC50,对数据进行“S”形非线性回归分析,匹配相适应的剂量-效应曲线。存活率的计算公式如下,IC50可在GraphPad Prism 5.0中自动计算得出。
细胞活力(%)=(OD
待测孔–OD
空白对照)/(OD
阴性对照–OD
空白对照)×100%。
三、实验结果(见表145、图60至63)
表145:
从表145及图60,61,62,63可以看出,针对MCF-7细胞系而言,相比单纯的DNAh靶向荧光载体,小分子药物米托蒽醌(Mit)及DNAh载药颗粒DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-Mit都对MCF-7细胞有毒性。
实施例34
伊达比星挂载实验
(一)化学法挂载:
一、实验材料和实验方法
1.实验材料及试剂:
(1)采用实施例4中第8组DNA序列自组装形成的DNA核酸纳米颗粒D-8进行挂载,具体信息见实施例4。
(2)DEPC水:碧云天。
(3)PBS缓冲液:cellgro。
(4)4%多聚甲醛
(5)伊达比星。
(6)氯仿:北化。
(7)无水乙醇:北化。
2.实验方法:
(1)精密称取伊达比星(1.354μmoL)溶于DEPC水(1.0mL)及PBS缓冲液(1.25mL),冰水浴冷却下加入4%多聚甲醛水溶液(0.25mL)混匀,将此混合液全部与D-8核酸纳米颗粒(33.84nmoL)混匀,并在避光条件下于4℃反应72小时。
(2)取反应液10μL稀释10倍,以50μM的伊达比星水溶液及310ng/μL的D-8核酸纳米颗粒为对照,按等体积进样进行HPLC分析。根据各组分峰面积比可判断反应转化基本完全。
(3)将反应液以氯仿萃取(10mLx3),随后加入25mL的无水乙醇,混匀后避光置于4℃使产物充分析出(4小时)。离心(4000/min),转移上清,固体产物再次以乙醇(50mL)洗,于低温下减压使溶剂挥发干,得到固体产物伊达比星-DNAh颗粒。
(4)伊达比星-DNAh挂载率的测定
1.配置已知浓度的伊达比星-甲醇标准液:2uM、4uM、6uM、8uM、10uM,各100ul;
2.将伊达比星-DNAh颗粒溶解在100ul PBS中;
3.将标准液与伊达比星-DNAh颗粒置于PCR板中,于85℃加热5min,随后冷却至室温;
4.利用酶标仪测量485nm处伊达比星的吸光度,绘制标准曲线(见图64),计算得出挂载产物中伊达比星的摩尔浓度;
5.利用分光光度计测量260nm处DNA的吸光度,得到每个样品中含有DNAh颗粒的质量浓度;
6.根据测量得到的伊达比星摩尔浓度及DNAh颗粒的质量浓度,计算挂载率。
计算过程具体如下:
C
DNAh-1=23.32ug/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100ul;C
伊达比星-1=18.37uM,100ul;
C
DNAh-2=45.07ug/ml,M
DNAh≈39500,100ul;C
伊达比星-2=32.52uM,100ul;
取其平均值得到伊达比星-DNAh颗粒的挂载率约为30,表示每一个DNA米颗粒载体上能够挂载约30个伊达比星。
此外,在DNA纳米颗粒挂载伊达比星的基础上,可进一步按照与挂载伊达比星一样的方法进行第二次挂载其他小分子药物,比如,本申请还进一步挂载了叶酸,得到共同挂载了伊达比星和叶酸两种小分子药物的DNA纳米颗粒,两种药物的挂载率可以参照上述方法进行检测得到(数值未显示)。
实施例34表明,带有延长片段、靶头和荧光素的DNA纳米颗粒具有挂载药物的功能,而且小分子药物伊达比星可以通过共价连接(多聚甲醛—溶剂共价)的方式来实现挂载,而且还可以与其他小分子药物实现共同挂载。
实施例35
流式细胞仪检测载药DNA纳米颗粒的细胞结合能力
一、细胞信息(见下表146)
表146:
二、待测样品
伊达比星靶向药物:DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星;(实施例34中的DNA纳米颗粒的挂载产物)。
靶向荧光载体:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5。
三、仪器、设备及相关试剂信息(见表147和表148)
表147:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 24孔板 | Corning | 3526 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
| 流式细胞仪 | ACEA | Novo Cyte |
表148:
四、实验方法:
1)调整细胞状态到对数生长期,更换培养基为无生物素无叶酸的培养基,置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
2)消化收集单细胞悬液并计数,调整细胞密度到2X10
5/mL,种植1mL/孔到24孔板中;
3)溶解待测物,配置待测物储液;
4)分别将待测物加入相应的细胞孔中,终浓度2μM,震荡混匀;
5)将细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育16小时;
6)孵育结束后,胰酶消化收集细胞悬液;
7)离心收集细胞沉淀,并用PBS清洗两次;
8)最后用300μL PBS重悬细胞沉淀,流式上机检测;
9)数据分析,分析结果见表149。
表149:
从表149可以看出,携带靶头和小分子药物伊达比星的DNA核酸纳米颗粒与细胞的结合率很高,明显可以看出能够与相应的肿瘤细胞系细胞结合内化。而且,从上表149还可以看出,DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5-伊达比星不仅与人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞能够高效结合内化,而且能够与急性单核细胞白血病细胞MV4-11进行结合内化。可见,伊达比星靶向药DNAh-Bio-EFGRapt-Cy5-伊达比星既具有治疗乳腺癌的应用前景,又具有治疗白血病的应用前景。
实施例36
检测DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星纳米颗粒血清稳定性
一、实验材料、试剂及设备
1.实验材料:
待测样品:DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星,浓度为1.32mg/ml。
2.实验试剂:
6×DNA上样缓冲液(TSJ010,擎科生物),100bp DNA分子标记(TSJ010,擎科生物);10000*SolarGelRed核酸染料(E1020,solarbio);8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(自配);1×TBE Buffer(无RNA酶)(自配);血清(FBS)(Excel);RPMI 1640(GBICO)。
电泳仪(PowerPac Basic,Bio-rad),垂直电泳槽(Mini PROTEAN Tetra Cell,Bio-rad),脱色摇床(TS-3D,orbital shaker),凝胶成像仪(Tanon 3500,Tanon)。
二、实验方法
(1)将DNAh载药纳米颗粒取4μL,用含10%血清的RPMI 1640培养基21.7μL进行稀释,稀释后浓度达197.5μg/ml,分别稀释5管,稀释后样品37℃水浴不同时间(0、10min、1h、12h、36h)。
(2)取处理后的样品20μl与6×DNA Loading Buffer混匀,冰上操作,做好标记。
(3)取8%Native PAGE,将不同孵育时间的纳米颗粒样品上一块胶,上样量20μL/孔/样,设置程序90-100V电泳50min。
(4)电泳结束,进行染色,置于水平摇床30min,拍照成像。
三、实验结果
非变性PAGE胶电泳结果见图65。其中,1代表0min,2代表10min,3代表1h,4代表12h,5代表36h。DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星纳米颗粒的目的条带在200bp左右,从图65上可以看出,DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星纳米颗粒在37℃孵育至36h基本稳定。
实施例37
DNAh-Biotin-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星纳米颗粒在MCF-7及MV4-11细胞中的细胞毒性
一、实验材料和方法
1.细胞信息(见表150)
表150:
2.待测样品(见表151)
表151:
3.耗材与设备(见表152):
表152:
| 名称 | 品牌 | 货号/型号 |
| 96孔板 | Corning | 3599 |
| 离心机 | 京立 | LD5-2B |
| CO 2培养箱 | Thermo | 3111 |
| 微孔板振荡器 | QILINBEIER | QB-9001 |
| 显微镜 | Olympus | IX53 |
| 多功能酶标仪 | Bio Tek | Synergy H1 |
4.试剂(见表153):
表153:
二、实验方法:
1)收获对数生长期的细胞,取少量用台盼蓝染色计数,保证细胞活力达到98%以上;
2)用生长培养基调整细胞密度到2.22×10
4/mL;
3)种植90μL/孔细胞悬液到96孔板中,孔板中每孔细胞数量为2000;
4)将种植好的细胞板置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜;
5)对化合物做9个浓度点的3.16倍梯度稀释;
6)取出细胞培养板,将10μL/孔的10X浓度药物工作液加入到细胞培养板的相应孔中,每个浓度做三个复孔,药物最终作用浓度见下表154;
表154:
7)将细胞培养板置于培养箱中继续孵育96小时;
10)将细胞培养板置于37℃培养箱中继续孵育3小时;
11)用酶标仪读取细胞板中各孔的OD
490值;
12)数据处理与分析。
采用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件对数据进行图形化处理。为计算IC
50,对数据进行“S”形非线性回归分析,匹配相适应的剂量-效应曲线。存活率的计算公式如下,IC
50可在GraphPad Prism5.0中自动计算得出。
细胞活力(%)=(OD
待测孔–OD
空白对照)/(OD
阴性对照-OD
空白对照)x100%。
三、实验结果(见表155、图66a至66d及图67a至67d)
表155:
从表155及图66a,66b,66c,66d可以看出,针对MCF-7细胞系而言,相比单纯的DNAh靶向荧光载体,小分子药物伊达比星及DNAh载药颗粒DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星都对MCF-7细胞有毒性。类似地,从表155及图67a,67b,67c,67d可以看出,针对MV4-11 细胞系而言,相比单纯的DNAh靶向荧光载体,小分子药物伊达比星及DNAh载药颗粒DNAh-Bio-EGFRapt-Cy5-伊达比星都对MV4-11细胞有毒性。
从以上的描述中,可以看出,本申请上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果:本申请提供了一系列具有热力学稳定性、化学稳定性、高负载率以及可多种模块组合的核酸纳米颗粒载体。对该类载体进行独特的模块化设计的,得到既保持天然相容的亲和力,又具有高度稳定性质和多样组合特征的核心模块结构。该结构可以灵活高效的集成各种功能性模块,包括靶向模块、成像和探针模块、治疗模块和其它复合智能模块,从而能够用于体内靶向投送,实现精准诊疗。
通过将小分子药物紫杉醇挂载于本申请所提供的核酸纳米颗粒载体上形成核酸纳米载体药物,不仅能够提高紫杉醇的递送稳定性,而且能够在核酸纳米颗粒携带靶头的情况下,一方面将紫杉醇靶向递送到目标细胞,提高药物的生物利用度,另一方面因靶向递送既降低了对非目标细胞或组织的毒副作用,又降低了局部用药浓度,进一步减少了因用药浓度高而带来的毒副作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (29)
- 一种核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述核酸纳米载体药物包括核酸纳米颗粒载体和药物,且药物挂载在所述核酸纳米颗粒上;所述药物包括紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌中的一种或多种;所述核酸纳米颗粒包括核酸结构域,所述核酸结构域包含a序列、b序列和c序列,所述a序列包含a1序列或者所述a1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列,所述b序列包含b1序列或者所述b1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列,所述c序列包含c1序列或者所述c1序列发生至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列;其中,所述a1序列为SEQ ID NO:1:5’-CCAGCGUUCC-3’或者SEQ ID NO:2:5’-CCAGCGTTCC-3’;所述b1序列为SEQ ID NO:3:5’-GGUUCGCCG-3’或者SEQ ID NO:4:5’-GGTTCGCCG-3’;所述c1序列为SEQ ID NO:5:5’-CGGCCAUAGCGG-3’或者SEQ ID NO:6:5’-CGGCCATAGCGG-3’。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述a1序列为SEQ ID NO:1,所述所述b1序列为SEQ ID NO:3,所述c1序列为SEQ ID NO:5时,所述a序列、所述b序列、所述c序列中的至少一个序列包含至少一个碱基插入、缺失或替换的序列。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述碱基插入、缺失或替换发生在:(1)SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:2所示的序列的5’端起始的第1、2、4或5位碱基上;和/或(2)SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:2所示的序列的5’端起始的第8~10位碱基之间;和/或(3)SEQ ID NO:3或SEQ ID NO:4所示的序列的5’端起始的第1~3位碱基之间;和/或(4)SEQ ID NO:3或SEQ ID NO:4所示的序列的5’端起始的第6~9位碱基之间;和/或(5)SEQ ID NO:5或SEQ ID NO:6所示的序列的5’端起始的第1~4位碱基之间;和/或(6)SEQ ID NO:5或SEQ ID NO:6所示的序列的5’端起始的第9~12位碱基之间。
- 根据权利要求4所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述a序列、所述b序列和所述c序列为如下任意一组:(1)a序列:5'-GGAGCGUUGG-3',b序列:5'-CCUUCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCAUAGCCC-3';(2)a序列:5'-GCAGCGUUCG-3',b序列:5'-CGUUCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCAUAGCGC-3';(3)a序列:5'-CGAGCGUUGC-3',b序列:5'-GCUUCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCAUAGCCG-3';(4)a序列:5'-GGAGCGUUGG-3',b序列:5'-CCUUCGGGG-3',c序列:5'-CCCCCAUAGCCC-3';(5)a序列:5'-GCAGCGUUCG-3',b序列:5'-CGUUCGGCG-3',c序列:5'-CGCCCAUAGCGC-3';(6)a序列:5'-GCAGCGUUCG-3',b序列:5'-CGUUCGGCC-3',c序列:5'-GGCCCAUAGCGC-3';(7)a序列:5'-CGAGCGUUGC-3',b序列:5'-GCUUCGGCG-3',c序列:5'-CGCCCAUAGCCG-3';(8)a序列:5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3',b序列:5'-CCTTCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCATAGCCC-3';(9)a序列:5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列:5'-CGTTCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCATAGCGC-3';(10)a序列:5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3',b序列:5'-GCTTCGCCG-3',c序列:5'-CGGCCATAGCCG-3';(11)a序列:5'-GGAGCGTTGG-3',b序列:5'-CCTTCGGGG-3',c序列:5'-CCCCCATAGCCC-3';(12)a序列:5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列:5'-CGTTCGGCG-3',c序列:5'-CGCCCATAGCGC-3';(13)a序列:5'-GCAGCGTTCG-3',b序列:5'-CGTTCGGCC-3',c序列:5'-GGCCCATAGCGC-3';(14)a序列:5'-CGAGCGTTGC-3',b序列:5'-GCTTCGGCG-3',c序列:5'-CGCCCATAGCCG-3';(15)a序列:5’-CGAGCGTTCC-3’;b序列:5’-GGTTCGCCG-3’,c序列:5’-CGGCCATAGCCG-3’。
- 根据权利要求4所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述核酸结构域中,还包括第一延长段,所述第一延长段为Watson-Crick配对的延长段,所述第一延长段位于所述a序列、所述b序列和所述c序列中任一序列的5'端和/或3'端;优选地,所述第一延长段至少选自如下任意一组:(1):a链5'端:5'-CCCA-3',c链3'端:5'-UGGG-3';(2):a链3'端:5'-GGG-3',b链5'端:5'-CCC-3';(3):b链3'端:5'-CCA-3',c链5'端:5'-UGG-3';(4):a链5'端:5'-CCCG-3',c链3'端:5'-CGGG-3';(5):a链5'端:5'-CCCC-3',c链3'端:5'-GGGG-3';(6):b链3'端:5'-CCC-3',c链5'端:5'-GGG-3';(7):b链3'端:5'-CCG-3',c链5'端:5'-CGG-3';(8):a链5'端:5'-CCCA-3',c链3'端:5'-TGGG-3';(9):b链3'端:5'-CCA-3',c链5'端:5'-TGG-3'。
- 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述核酸结构域还包括第二延长段,所述第二延长段位于所述a序列、所述b序列和所述c序列中任一序列的5’端和/或3’端,所述第二延长段为Watson-Crick配对的延长段;优选地,所述第二延长段为CG碱基对的延长序列;更优选地,所述第二延长段为1~10个CG碱基对的延长序列。
- 根据权利要求7所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述核酸结构域还包括如下至少一组第二延长段:第一组:a链5’端:5’-CGCGCG-3’,c链3’端:5’-CGCGCG-3’;第二组:a链3’端:5’-CGCCGC-3’,b链5’端:5’-GCGGCG-3’;第三组:b链3’端:5’-GGCGGC-3’,c链5’端:5’-GCCGCC-3’。
- 根据权利要求7所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述第二延长段为同时含有CG碱基对和AT/AU碱基对的延长序列,优选所述第二延长段为2~50个碱基对的延长序列。
- 根据权利要求9所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述第二延长段为连续2~8个CG碱基对的序列与连续2~8个AT/AU碱基对序列交替设置的延长序列;或者所述第二延长段为1个CG碱基对的序列与1个AT/AU碱基对序列交替设置的延长序列。
- 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述a序列、所述b序列和所述c序列中碱基、核糖和磷酸酯具有至少一个可修饰位点,任一所述可修饰位点通过以下任意一种修饰接头进行修饰:-F、甲基、氨基、二硫化物、羰基、羧基、巯基及醛基;优选地,所述a序列、所述b序列和所述c序列中的C或U碱基上具有2’-F修饰。
- 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述药物通过物理连接和/或共价连接的形式挂载在所述核酸纳米颗粒上,且所述药物与所述核酸纳米颗粒之间的摩尔比为2~300:1,优选为10~50:1,更优选为15~25:1。
- 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述核酸纳米颗粒还包括生物活性物质,所述生物活性物质与所述核酸结构域相连,所述生物活性物质为靶头、荧光素、干扰核酸siRNA、miRNA、核酶、核糖开关、适体、RNA抗体、蛋白、多肽、类黄酮、葡萄糖、天然水杨酸、单抗、维生素、酚类卵磷脂以及除紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌以外的小分子药物中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求13所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,将所述核酸结构域的相对分子量记为N 1,将所述药物与所述生物活性物质的总相对分子量记为N 2,N 1/N 2≥1:1。
- 根据权利要求13所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述生物活性物质为所述靶头、所述荧光素以及所述miRNA中的一种或多种,其中,所述靶头位于所述a序列、所述b序列、所述c序列中任一序列上,优选所述a序列、所述b序列、所述c序列任一序列的5’端或3’端,或嵌插于所述核酸结构域的GC键之间,所述miRNA为抗miRNA,所述荧光素修饰于所述抗miRNA的5’端或3’端,所述miRNA位于所述a序列的3’端、c序列的5’端和3’端中的任意一个或多个位置;优选地,所述靶头为叶酸或生物素,所述荧光素为FAM、CY5及CY3中的任意一种 或多种,所述抗miRNA为抗miR-21。
- 根据权利要求13所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述除紫杉醇、来那度胺、阿糖胞苷、多西他赛、伊达比星及米托蒽醌以外的小分子药物为含有如下任意一种或多种基团的药物:氨基基团、羟基基团、羧基基团、巯基基团、苯环基团以及乙酰氨基基团。
- 根据权利要求13所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述蛋白为SOD、生存素、hTERT、EGFR及PSMA中的一种或多种;所述维生素为左旋C和/或酯化C;所述酚类为茶多酚和/或葡萄多酚。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核酸纳米载体药物,其特征在于,所述核酸纳米颗粒的粒径为1~100nm,优选为5~50nm;更优选10~30nm;进一步优选10~15nm。
- 一种核酸纳米载体药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:提供权利要求1至18中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物中的核酸纳米颗粒;通过物理连接和/或共价连接的方式将药物挂载在所述核酸纳米颗粒上,得到所述核酸纳米载体药物。
- 根据权利要求19所述的制备方法,其特征在于,通过物理连接的方式挂载药物的步骤包括:将所述药物、所述核酸纳米颗粒及第一溶剂混合并搅拌,得到预混体系;对所述预混体系进行沉淀析出,得到所述核酸纳米载体药物;优选地,所述第一溶剂选自DCM、DCC、DMAP、Py、DMSO、PBS及冰醋酸中的一种或多种;优选地,对所述预混体系进行沉淀析出,得到所述核酸纳米载体药物的步骤包括;对所述预混体系进行沉淀析出,得到析出物;对所述析出物进行洗涤去除杂质,得到所述核酸纳米载体药物;更优选地,将所述预混体系与无水乙醇混合后在低于10℃的温度条件下进行所述沉淀析出,得到所述析出物;进一步优选在0~5℃温度条件下进行所述沉淀析出,得到所述析出物;更优选地,采用6~12倍体积的无水乙醇对所述析出物进行洗涤去除杂质,得到所述核酸纳米载体药物。
- 根据权利要求19所述的制备方法,其特征在于,通过共价连接的方式挂载药物的步骤包括:配置药物溶液;使所述药物溶液在甲醛的介导作用下与所述核酸纳米颗粒的G环外氨基进行反应,得到反应体系;提纯所述反应体系,得到所述核酸纳米载体药物;优选地,所述反应的步骤包括:将所述药物溶液与多聚甲醛溶液、所述核酸纳米颗粒混合,在避光条件下进行反应,得到所述反应体系;其中优选所述多聚甲醛溶液的浓度为3.7~4wt%,优选所述多聚甲醛溶液为多聚甲醛和第二溶剂混合形成的溶液,且所述第二溶剂为DCM、DCC、DMAP、Py、DMSO、PBS及冰醋酸中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求19至21中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括制备所述核酸纳米颗粒的步骤,其包括:通过将权利要求1至18中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物中的核酸纳米颗粒中的核酸结构域对应的单链进行自组装,得到所述核酸结构域;优选地,在得到所述核酸结构域之后,所述制备方法还包括:将权利要求13至17中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物中的生物活性物质通过物理连接和/或共价连接的方式挂载在所述核酸结构域上,进而得到所述核酸纳米颗粒。
- 根据权利要求22所述的制备方法,其特征在于,通过共价连接的方式挂载所述生物活性物质的过程中,通过溶剂共价连接、linker共价连接或点击链接进行挂载;优选地,所述溶剂共价连接中采用的第三溶剂作为连接介质,且所述第三溶剂选自多聚甲醛、DCM、DCC、DMAP、Py、DMSO、PBS及冰醋酸中的一种或多种;优选地,所述linker选自二硫键、对苯叠氮基、溴丙炔或PEG;优选地,所述点击链接是在对生物活性物质前体和所述核酸结构域同时进行炔基或叠氮修饰,然后通过点击链接。
- 根据权利要求23所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述生物活性物质与所述核酸结构域以点击链接的方式相连,所述生物活性物质前体进行炔基或叠氮修饰的位点选自2’羟基、羧基或氨基,所述核酸结构域进行炔基或叠氮修饰的位点选自G环外氨基、2’-羟基、A氨基或2’-羟基。
- 一种核酸纳米载体药物组合物,其特征在于,所述核酸纳米载体药物组合物包括权利要求1至18中任一项所述核酸纳米载体药物。
- 权利要求1至18中任一项所述核酸纳米载体药物在制备用于制备治疗肿瘤的核酸纳米载体药物中的应用。
- 根据权利要求26所述的应用,其特征在于,当所述药物为紫杉醇时,所述肿瘤为乳腺癌或卵巢癌;当所述药物为来那度胺时,所述肿瘤为急性白血病或多发性骨髓瘤;当所述药物为阿糖胞苷时,所述肿瘤为急性白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、肺癌、消化道癌、直结肠癌及头颈部癌中的任意一种或多种;当所述药物为多西他赛时,所述肿瘤为乳腺癌、卵巢癌、非小细胞肺癌、头颈部癌、胰腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胃癌、黑色素瘤及软组织肉瘤中的任意一种或多种;当所述药物为伊达比星时,所述肿瘤为急性肺淋巴细胞白血病、晚期乳腺癌以及非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的任意一种或多种;当所述药物为米托蒽醌时,所述肿瘤为乳腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、胃癌、肠癌、白血病、膀胱癌、肝癌、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性间皮瘤及卵巢癌中的任意一种或多种。
- 权利要求1至18中任一项所述的核酸纳米载体药物在制备用于制备治疗病毒性角膜炎及流行性结膜炎的药物中的应用,其中,所述核酸纳米载体药物包含的药物为阿糖胞苷。
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| US20220226473A1 (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2022-07-21 | Bai Yao Zhi Da (Beijing) Nanobio Technology Co., Ltd. | Nucleic acid nanocarrier drug and preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical composition and application thereof |
| US20210393785A1 (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-12-23 | Bai Yao Zhi Da (Beijing) Nanobio Technology Co., Ltd. | Nucleic acid nanocarrier drug and preparation method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-09-30 WO PCT/CN2019/109616 patent/WO2020078219A1/zh not_active Ceased
- 2019-09-30 US US17/285,492 patent/US20220047617A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-30 EP EP19872655.6A patent/EP3926047A4/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3821911A4 (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2022-03-09 | Bai Yao Zhi Da (Beijing) Nanobio Technology Co., Ltd. | NUCLEIC ACID NANOPARTICLES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THEM, MEDICATION COMPRISING DOXORUBICIN, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THEM |
| EP3858846A4 (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2023-08-09 | Bai Yao Zhi Da (Beijing) Nanobio Technology Co., Ltd. | NUCLEIC ACID NANO-CARRIER MEDICINE, METHOD FOR PREPARING IT, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION THEREOF, AND CORRESPONDING USE |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3926047A4 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
| US20220047617A1 (en) | 2022-02-17 |
| EP3926047A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 |
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