WO2020116636A1 - 免疫抑制剤 - Google Patents
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- WO2020116636A1 WO2020116636A1 PCT/JP2019/047913 JP2019047913W WO2020116636A1 WO 2020116636 A1 WO2020116636 A1 WO 2020116636A1 JP 2019047913 W JP2019047913 W JP 2019047913W WO 2020116636 A1 WO2020116636 A1 WO 2020116636A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/20—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand
Definitions
- the present application relates to an immunosuppressive agent containing a substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 selected from an anti-CD80 antibody and an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the immune system protects the body from diseases by recognizing and killing non-self substances such as pathogens and abnormal cells such as cancer cells in the body.
- the immune system is tightly controlled so as to attack pathogens and abnormal cells and not to attack normal self-substances, but if the control mechanism fails, various intractable diseases such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases will occur. Cause disease.
- PD-1 is a type of immune checkpoint receptor on the surface of T cells and is programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). And binds to two types of ligands, Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2).
- CD80 along with CD86, functions as a ligand for two structurally similar molecules expressed on T cells, CD28 and CTLA-4.
- CD28 activates T cells, while CTLA-4 suppresses.
- Targeted inhibition of PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 can activate tumor-specific T cells and is known to be effective in treating tumors in human patients.
- an anti-CD80 antibody that inhibits the binding between CD80 and CD28 was reported to suppress T cell activation (Patent Document 1).
- Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 it has been reported that anti-PD-L1 antibody that inhibits CD80/PD-L1 interaction activates tumor immunity and is useful for cancer treatment.
- CD80 and PD-L1 are expressed on the same cell and are reported to bind to each other, and CD80-mediated action by CD80 to maintain T cell activity, and immunosuppression by PD-1/PD-L1 system
- inhibition of is involved (Non-patent documents 2 and 3).
- the physiological function of the CD80/PD-L1 interaction has not been elucidated.
- One purpose of the present application is to provide an immunosuppressive drug.
- the present disclosure provides an immunosuppressive agent comprising a substance that promotes binding between PD-1 and PD-1 selected from an anti-CD80 antibody and an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the present disclosure provides a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10 and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11;
- an anti-CD80 antibody comprising a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a light chain variable region comprising the light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the present disclosure provides a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19; And an anti-CD80 antibody comprising a light chain CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a light chain CDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, and a light chain variable region containing the light chain CDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.
- the disclosure provides anti-CD80 antibodies that compete with any of the above antibodies for binding to CD80.
- the present disclosure provides an immunosuppressive agent comprising any of the above antibodies as an active ingredient.
- the present disclosure provides a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for autoimmune disease, allergic disease or graft-versus-host disease, which comprises any of the above-mentioned antibodies as an active ingredient.
- the present disclosure provides an immunosuppressive agent, or a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for autoimmune disease, allergic disease or graft-versus-host disease, or an antibody usable therefor.
- the binding strength of PD-1-EC (left) and the labeled antibody (right) shown in the figure between PD-L1 (upper row) or PD-L2 (lower row) and IIAdL1 cells expressing CD80 or CD86 is shown.
- the binding strength of PD-1-EC and anti-PD-L1 antibody with IIAdL1-PD-L1 cells with and without co-culture with IIAdL1-mock cells or IIAdL1-CD80 cells is shown.
- Figure 7 shows co-immunoprecipitation of CD80 and PD-L1 in IIAdL1 cells.
- WCL whole unlysed cell lysate.
- FIG. 7 shows the relative binding strength of PD-1-EC to each IIAdL1 cells expressing PD-L1 and CD80 at 25 different expression levels.
- IL-11 production from DO 11.10 T cells was induced by each IIAdL1 cell expressing PD-L1 and CD80 at 25 different expression levels. Show.
- the binding strengths of PD-1-EC and the labeled antibody shown in the figure with LPS-activated spleen CD8 ⁇ + and CD11b + DC and TG-M ⁇ are shown.
- the dashed histogram is an isotype control stain.
- the binding strength of PD-1-EC and the antibody shown in the figure with LPS-activated spleen CD8 ⁇ + and CD11b + DC and TG-M ⁇ derived from wild-type mice or C57BL/6-Cd80 ⁇ / ⁇ mice is shown.
- LPS-activated TG-M ⁇ (upper row), spleen CD8 ⁇ + (middle row) and CD11b + (lower row) DC were pulsed with the amounts of the antigenic peptides shown in the figure, and these cells caused BW-OT-I cells (left) and IL-2 production from T cells upon stimulation of BW-OT-II cells (right).
- Function-inhibiting antibodies against PD-L1 and PD-L2 and isotype control IgG were added as shown in the figure.
- the percentage of PD-1 mediated IL-2 production inhibition is shown.
- One-way analysis of variance with Dunnett's post hoc test. **p ⁇ 0.01; ***p ⁇ 0.001.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of chimeric molecules in which the IgV and IgC domains of PD-L1, PD-L2, CD80 and CD86 have been exchanged.
- the PD-1-EC binding strength of IIAdL1 cells expressing the molecules shown in the figure is shown.
- the PD-1-EC-binding ability of the IIAdL1-CD80 cells expressing the isolated PD-L1 mutant (upper row) and PD-L1 in which Y56 is amino acid-substituted (lower row) is shown.
- the PD-1-EC binding strength of cells is shown in comparison to the PD-1-EC binding strength of IIAdL1-PD-L1 cells without CD80.
- the predicted 3D structures of mouse PD-L1 (left) and mouse CD80 (right) are shown.
- the amino acid residues that influence the cis-PD-L1/CD80 interaction are shown.
- 7 shows the binding of PD-1-EC to PD-L1Y56A in the presence of CD80.
- the binding strength of PD-1-EC (left) and anti-PD-L1 antibody (right) with IIAdL1 cells expressing the molecule shown in the figure is shown.
- the hydrophobicity (grey) of human CD80 (left) and CD86 (right) is shown.
- the hydrophobicity of these molecules was analyzed with UCSF chimera software.
- the circled area indicates the unique hydrophobic patch found on the DEB surface of CD80.
- 7 shows the binding of PD-1-EC with PD-L1 in the presence of CD80L107E.
- the binding strength of PD-1-EC, anti-CD80 antibody, CD28-EC and CTLA-4-EC with IIAdL1 cells expressing the molecule shown in the figure is shown.
- 7 shows the PD-1-EC binding ability of IIAdL1-PD-L1 cells expressing CD80 in which a hydrophobic residue in the hydrophobic patch is amino acid-substituted.
- the PD-1-EC binding strength of cells is shown in comparison to the PD-1-EC binding strength of IIAdL1-PD-L1 cells without CD80.
- FIG. 22 shows the results of further analysis of the data shown in the upper row. The percentage of PD-1-dependent inhibition mediated by PD-L1 and PDL1Y56A is shown.
- FIG. 7 shows co-immunoprecipitation of human CD80 and human PD-L1 in IIAdL1 cells.
- WCL whole unlysed cell lysate.
- Human PD-1 is expressed (hPD-1(+)) (left) or deficient (PD-1KO) (right) in the antigen-presenting cells expressing the molecule shown in the figure DO11.10 6 shows IL-2 production from T cells when co-cultured with T cells. The amount of antigenic peptide shown in the figure was used.
- PD-1-EC binding strength PD-L1, PD-L2, CD80 in LPS-activated BM-DC and spleen CD8 ⁇ + and CD11b + DC derived from C57BL/6N-Cd80 L107E mouse and C57BL/6N-Cd274 Y56A mouse
- the expression level is shown.
- Mediated by PD-1 in BW-OT-I cells (left) and BW-OT-II cells (left) stimulated by BM-DC derived from C57BL/6N-Cd80 L107E mouse and C57BL/6N-Cd274 Y56A mouse
- Inhibition of IL-2 production is indicated by the concentration of IL-2.
- the results of FIG. 32 are shown as relative values.
- BW-OT-I cells used 3 pM and BW-OT-II cells used 0.1 ⁇ M antigen concentration data.
- the anti-mouse CD80 antibody TKMG48 separates mPD-L1 and mCD80 and restores the mPD-1 binding ability of mPD-L1. It is shown that the anti-mouse CD80 antibody TKMG48 does not inhibit the binding between mCD80 and mCTLA-4, but weakly inhibits the binding between mCD80 and mCD28. It is shown that addition of the anti-mouse CD80 antibody TKMG48 suppresses T cell activation by binding mPD-L1 to mPD-1 even in the presence of mCD80. It is shown that administration of the anti-mouse CD80 antibody TKMG48 substantially reduces the symptoms of EAE in wild-type mice.
- 2D10 is a commercially available anti-human CD80 antibody.
- the amino acid sequences of the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region of anti-human CD80 antibody TKMF5 are shown. Each CDR is shown in a box.
- the amino acid sequences of the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region of the anti-mouse CD80 antibody TKMG48 are shown. Each CDR is shown in a box.
- amino acid residues are represented by the following abbreviations.
- Ala or A Alanine Arg or R: Arginine Asn or N: Asparagine Asp or D: Aspartic acid Cys or C: Cysteine Gln or Q: Glutamine Glu or E: Glutamic acid Gly or G: Glycine His or H: Histidine Ile or I: Isoleucine Leu or L: Leucine Lys or K: Lysine Met or M: methionine Phe or F: Phenylalanine Pro or P: Proline Ser or S: Serine Thr or T: Threonine Trp or W: Tryptophan Tyr or Y: Tyrosine Val or V: Valine
- PD-L1 (also called CD274) is a ligand for PD-1 and is expressed on various cells including dendritic cells and tumor cells.
- PD-1 is a typical immune checkpoint receptor on the surface of T cells, and the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 can suppress the immune response. Therefore, a substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 can be used as an immunosuppressant.
- the inventors of the present application have found that certain anti-CD80 antibodies and anti-PD-L1 antibodies promote the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1.
- the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 is, for example, PD-1 cells having a detectable label (eg, fluorescent label, luminescent label, radioactive label, magnetic label, etc.) in cells expressing PD-L1. It can be measured by contacting with a soluble peptide containing the outer region and measuring the amount of label bound to cells.
- An unlabeled soluble peptide may be bound to the peptide and used in combination with a substance having a label (for example, a secondary antibody).
- the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 can be measured by the method described in the examples of the present application.
- CD80 is expressed predominantly on the surface of dendritic cells, activated B cells and macrophages, and acts as a ligand for two distinct T cell surface proteins (CD28 and CTLA-4) to activate and survive T cells. Can be controlled.
- the inventors of the present application inhibit the binding of PD-L1 and PD-1 on T cells by binding (cis binding) of CD80 and PD-L1 on the same cell. I made it clear. Therefore, inhibition of cis binding between CD80 and PD-L1 can promote binding between PD-L1 and PD-1.
- the substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 is a substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 existing on the same cell as CD80. In one embodiment, the substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 is a substance that inhibits the cis bond between CD80 and PD-L1. In one embodiment, the substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 is an anti-CD80 antibody. Moreover, in one embodiment, the substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 is an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- cis means that two or more different molecules such as proteins are present on the same cell.
- cis-PD-L1/CD80 means that PD-L1 and CD80 are present on the same cell.
- trans means that two or more different molecules such as proteins are present on different cells.
- trans-PD-L1/CD80 means that PD-L1 and CD80 are on different cells.
- cis-binding means that two or more different membrane proteins expressed on the surface of one cell bind, associate or interact on the cell membrane.
- the cis-binding of CD80 and PD-L1 may occur in any cell, for example, in cells of the immune system, in particular in antigen presenting cells, for example cells which are antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells. obtain.
- CD80-PD-L1 cis-linkage was cross-linked after treating cells expressing CD80-PD-L1 with a cross-linking agent that cross-links adjacent proteins (eg, bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate). It can be confirmed by detecting or measuring CD80 and PD-L1.
- Crosslinked CD80 and PD-L1 are substances that bind a molecule captured by a substance (such as an antibody) that binds to one of CD80 and PD-L1 to the other in an assay system such as immunoprecipitation, ELISA, or mass spectrometry analysis. It can be detected or measured by detecting or measuring with (for example, an antibody).
- the cis bond between CD80 and PD-L1 can be measured by the method described in the examples of the present application.
- the substance that binds to CD80 include CD28, CTLA-4, anti-CD80 antibody, and fragments thereof.
- examples of the substance that binds to PD-L1 include PD-1, anti-PD-L1 antibody and fragments thereof.
- the substance for detection or measurement may have a detectable label (eg, fluorescent label, luminescent label, radioactive label, magnetic label, etc.).
- inhibiting cis-bonding means dissociating cis-bonded CD80 and PD-L1 and/or preventing cis-bonding of non-cis-bonded CD80 and PD-L1. Including doing.
- the substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 competitively inhibits the cis binding between CD80 and PD-L1.
- the substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 is a cultured cell that highly expresses CD80 and PD-L1 (e.g., DO11. Binding of PD-L1 and PD-1 when 10CDT cells were cultured with CD80 and PD-L1 expressed under the LTR promoter (DOdKO cells) in the presence of 10 ⁇ g/ml of the substance. At least about 2-fold or more, for example, about 5-fold or more or about 10-fold or more. For example, an example in which the binding was measured when the substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 is an anti-CD80 antibody is described in Examples of the present application.
- CD80, PD-L1 and PD-1 may be of any species, typically a mammal (e.g. human, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, cow, sheep. , Monkeys, etc.). Of these, mouse or human is preferable, and human is particularly preferable.
- the amino acid sequences of CD80, PD-L1 and PD-1 derived from various organism species can be easily obtained by utilizing a known database. Representative amino acid sequences of human and mouse CD80 are registered under GenBank Accession Nos. NP_005182 (SEQ ID NO: 1) and NP_033985 (SEQ ID NO: 2), respectively. Representative amino acid sequences of human and mouse PD-L1 are registered under GenBank Accession Nos.
- NP_054862 SEQ ID NO:3
- NP_068693 SEQ ID NO:4
- Representative human and mouse PD-1 amino acid sequences are registered under GenBank Accession Nos. NP_005009 (SEQ ID NO:5) and NP_032824 (SEQ ID NO:6), respectively.
- CD80, PD-L1 and PD-1 include the products of their naturally occurring alleles.
- the cis bond between CD80 and PD-L1 is a region containing an amino acid corresponding to isoleucine at position 92 and/or leucine at position 104 of human CD80 having at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 (preferably (A region containing amino acids corresponding to the 92-position isoleucine and 104-leucine of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1), and the 63-position asparagine of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 And/or a region containing an amino acid corresponding to glycine at position 119 (preferably a region containing an amino acid corresponding to asparagine at position 63 and glycine at position 119 of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3) Or a region containing an amino acid corresponding to leucine at position 96 and/or leucine at position 107 of mouse CD80 having at least the amino acid sequence of
- the anti-CD80 antibody binds to a region containing an amino acid corresponding to isoleucine at position 92 and/or leucine at position 104 of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the anti-CD80 antibody binds to a region containing amino acids corresponding to isoleucine at position 92 and leucine at position 104 of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
- the region containing the amino acid may be composed of continuous amino acid residues or may be composed of discontinuous amino acid residues.
- the anti-CD80 antibody binds to a region containing an amino acid corresponding to leucine at position 96 and/or leucine at position 107 of mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the anti-CD80 antibody binds to a region containing amino acids corresponding to leucine at position 96 and leucine at position 107 of mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
- the region containing the amino acid may be composed of continuous amino acid residues or may be composed of discontinuous amino acid residues.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody binds to a region containing an amino acid corresponding to asparagine at position 63 and/or glycine at position 119 of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody binds to a region containing amino acids corresponding to asparagine at position 63 and glycine at position 119 of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the region containing the amino acid may be composed of continuous amino acid residues or may be composed of discontinuous amino acid residues.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody comprises an amino acid corresponding to valine at position 54, tyrosine at position 56, and/or glutamic acid at position 58 of mouse PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
- Join to a region In a preferred embodiment, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is directed to a region containing amino acids corresponding to valine 54, tyrosine 56 and glutamic acid 58 of mouse PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- the region containing the amino acid may be composed of continuous amino acid residues or may be composed of discontinuous amino acid residues.
- amino acid corresponding to isoleucine at the 92nd position of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 means that the amino acid sequence of a certain CD80 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 are in the optimal state (the state in which the amino acid coincidence is maximum). ), the amino acid in the CD80 that corresponds to isoleucine at position 92 of SEQ ID NO:1.
- amino acid corresponding to leucine at position 104 of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 corresponds to leucine at position 96 and/or leucine of position 107 of mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2
- Amino acid "amino acid corresponding to asparagine at position 63 and/or glycine at position 119 of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3”
- tyrosine at position 56 and/or glutamic acid at position 58 are also defined.
- leucine at the 96th position of mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and leucine at the 107th position of mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 are each the human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 It corresponds to isoleucine at position 92 and leucine at position 104 of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the term “antibody” is meant to include various antibody structures such as monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, chimeric antibody, humanized antibody, human antibody, multispecific antibody (eg, bispecific antibody), etc. Used.
- the species of the antibody is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include mouse, rat, rabbit, goat, and human-derived antibodies.
- a humanized antibody and a human antibody are preferable.
- the antibody is preferably a monoclonal antibody, more preferably an isolated monoclonal antibody.
- isolated monoclonal antibody is used to identify, separate and/or purify from contaminants containing a plurality of or innumerable components extracted from host cells such as hybridomas or culture supernatant thereof. As a result, it means a monoclonal antibody which has become a substantially single pure component.
- the term “antibody” also includes a molecule that includes a part of an antibody as a constituent and retains the ability to bind to an antigen.
- antibody heavy and light chain variable regions V H and V L
- F (ab') 2 F (ab') 2 , Fab', Fab, Fv, pulphide-linked FV (sdFv), Single-Chain FV (ScFV), Fab3, Diabody, Triabody, Tetrabody, Minibody, Bis-scFv, (scFv) 2 -Fc, intact-IgG and their polymers are included in the antibody of the present application.
- the immunoglobulin class of an antibody is determined based on the heavy chain constant region.
- the immunoglobulin classes include IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and the corresponding heavy chains are called ⁇ chain, ⁇ chain, ⁇ chain, ⁇ chain, and ⁇ chain, respectively.
- the immunoglobulin class can be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), eg, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2.
- the immunoglobulin class and subclass of the antibody in the present specification are not particularly limited.
- the immunoglobulin class is IgG.
- the light chain of an antibody can be divided into a ⁇ chain and a ⁇ chain based on its constant region, but the antibody herein may have either a ⁇ chain or a ⁇ chain.
- variable region of an antibody is usually composed of three complementarity determining regions (also referred to as CDRs) sandwiched between four framework regions (also referred to as FRs).
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- FRs framework regions
- the CDR of the variable region of the antibody and the amino acid position assigned to the framework are defined according to Kabat (Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md., (1987) and (1991)).
- Anti-CD80 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody are each a peptide containing all or part of CD80 or PD-L1, for example, by using all or part of the extracellular region of CD80 or PD-L1 as an immunogen. , Can be obtained by a general method.
- the peptide containing all or a part of CD80 or PD-L1 can be produced by a conventional peptide synthesis method, for example, by a genetic engineering technique or chemical synthesis.
- Polyclonal antibodies can be prepared by the general method described in "Antibodies: Laboratory Manual, Lane, H. D. et al. eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1989, etc. Specifically, anti-CD80 polyclonal antibody and anti-PD-L1 polyclonal antibody immunize mammals such as rat, mouse, rabbit, goat, and horse with peptides containing all or part of CD80 or PD-L1, respectively. By doing so, it can be manufactured.
- Monoclonal antibody can be obtained by a known method such as a method for producing a hybridoma that produces an antibody, or a method for producing an expression vector containing an antibody gene using a genetic engineering technique and expressing it in cells.
- Hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies can be prepared according to the method described in Kohler et al., Nature 256:495, 1975.
- the immunogen is mixed with an appropriate substance for enhancing antigenicity (eg, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, bovine serum albumin, etc.) and, if necessary, an immunostimulant (complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant).
- an immunostimulant complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant
- immunize a non-human mammal such as rat, mouse, rabbit, goat, or horse.
- the immunized animal is immunized multiple times at intervals of 3 to 10 days, and 1 to 100 ⁇ g of the peptide as an immunogen is administered.
- immunocompetent cells are recovered from the immunized animal that has undergone multiple immunizations, and myeloma cells that are not capable of producing autoantibodies (eg, mouse, rat, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit or Cells derived from mammals such as humans).
- myeloma cells that are not capable of producing autoantibodies (eg, mouse, rat, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit or Cells derived from mammals such as humans).
- the polyethylene glycol method, the electrofusion method, etc. are used for cell fusion.
- selecting cells that have succeeded in cell fusion based on the selectable marker possessed by the fused cells and confirming the reactivity of the antibody produced by the selected cells with the immunogen by ELISA, radioimmunoassay, fluorescent antibody method, etc.
- a hybridoma producing the desired monoclonal antibody can be obtained.
- the monoclonal antibody can be isolated from the culture supernatant obtained by culturing the obtained hybridoma in vitro. It can also be isolated from ascites by culturing in vivo such as ascites of mouse, rat, guinea pig, hamster or rabbit.
- a monoclonal antibody can be obtained by cloning an antibody gene from the obtained hybridoma and incorporating it into an appropriate expression vector and expressing it in a host cell as described below (PJDelves., ANTIBODY PRODUCTION ESSENTIAL TECHNIQUES. ., 1997 WILEY; P.Shepherd and C.Dean., Monoclonal Antibodies., 2000 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS; JW Goding., Monoclonal Antibodies:principles and practice., 1993 ACADEMIC PRESS).
- transgenic animal production technology is used to produce a transgenic animal (for example, bovine, goat, sheep or pig) in which the gene of the antibody of interest has been integrated into an endogenous gene. It is also possible to obtain a monoclonal antibody derived from the antibody gene in milk.
- the obtained monoclonal antibody is purified by an appropriate combination of methods well known in the art, for example, chromatography by protein A column, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, ammonium sulfate salting out method, gel filtration, affinity chromatography and the like. can do.
- a chimeric antibody is an antibody containing sequences that are different from each other, for example, an antibody in which variable regions and constant regions that are different from each other are linked.
- the chimeric antibody is composed of a variable region of an antibody derived from a mammal other than human and a constant region derived from a human antibody.
- the chimeric antibody is, for example, a polynucleotide encoding a variable region of an antibody derived from a mammal other than human and a polynucleotide encoding a constant region of a human antibody are ligated, and this is incorporated into an expression vector, and the expression vector is used as a host. It can be obtained by introducing and expressing it.
- CDR is a region that substantially determines the binding specificity of an antibody, and its amino acid sequence is highly diverse. On the other hand, the amino acid sequences constituting FR show high homology even among antibodies having different binding specificities. Thus, CDR grafting allows the binding specificity of one antibody to be transferred to another antibody.
- a humanized antibody is generally composed of a CDR of an antibody derived from a non-human animal, a FR derived from a human antibody, and a constant region derived from a human antibody.
- a humanized antibody can be obtained by transplanting the CDR of an antibody derived from a non-human animal into a human antibody.
- Humanized antibodies can be produced by various methods, and one example is Overlap Extension PCR (Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci. 13:1619-1633 (2008)).
- PCR is performed using an oligonucleotide having a portion overlapping with the end of the CDR of a non-human animal-derived antibody (for example, a mouse antibody) and the FR of a human antibody as a primer, and derived from a non-human animal.
- a polynucleotide in which the CDR of the antibody and the FR of the human antibody are linked is synthesized.
- the obtained polynucleotide is ligated to a polynucleotide encoding a constant region of a human antibody, incorporated into an expression vector, and this expression vector is introduced into a host to be expressed to obtain a humanized antibody. it can.
- Suitable FR selection methods for producing humanized antibodies are known, and examples include FR selected by the best-fit method (Sims et.al. J. Immunol. 151:2296 (1993)) and the light chain of human antibody. Or FR (Carter et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:4285 (1992); Presta et al. J. Immunol. 151:2623 (derived from the consensus sequence of a specific subgroup of the heavy chain variable region) 1993)) can be used.
- a human antibody can be obtained, for example, by sensitizing human lymphocytes with a desired antigen in vitro and then fusing the sensitized lymphocytes with human myeloma cells (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-59878).
- human myeloma cells that are fusion partners, for example, U266 and the like can be used.
- the human antibody can also be obtained by immunizing a transgenic animal having the entire repertoire of human antibody genes with a desired antigen (Lonberg, nat. Biotech. 23: 1117-1125, 2005).
- a technique for obtaining human antibodies by panning using a human antibody library is also known (AntibodyPhage Display: Methods and Protocols, Methods in MolecularBiology 178, 2001).
- variable region of a human antibody is expressed as a single chain antibody (scFv) on the surface of a phage by the phage display method, a phage that binds to the antigen is selected, and the gene of the selected phage is analyzed to obtain the antigen.
- the DNA sequence encoding the variable region of the human antibody that binds can be determined. Then, this variable region sequence is ligated in frame with the sequence of the human antibody constant region, inserted into an appropriate expression vector, and this expression vector is introduced into a host and expressed to obtain a human antibody. it can.
- Multispecific antibodies are antibodies that bind to at least two different sites.
- the multispecific antibody include a bispecific antibody and a trispecific antibody.
- the multispecific antibody binds CD80 or PD-L1 and one or more other antigens.
- the multispecific antibody can be produced, for example, by a genetic engineering method or by binding two or more antibodies or antibody fragments having different recognition antigens.
- the antibody fragment can be obtained, for example, by digesting the antibody with a protease such as papain or pepsin.
- a protease such as papain or pepsin.
- it can be obtained by introducing an expression vector containing a polynucleotide encoding the antibody fragment into a host cell and expressing it (for example, Co, M. S. et al., J. Immunol. (1994) 152, 2968. -2976; Better, M. and Horwitz, A. H., Methods Enzymol. (1989) 178, 476-496; Pluckthun, A. and Skerra, A., Methods Enzymol. (1989) 178, 497-515; Lamoyi , E., MethodsEnzymol.
- an antibody can be obtained by introducing an expression vector containing a polynucleotide encoding the same into a cell and expressing it.
- an expression vector is constructed so that the sequence encoding the antibody is expressed under an expression control region such as an enhancer or a promoter, and a host cell is transformed with this expression vector to express the antibody.
- the present disclosure also provides a polynucleotide encoding the anti-CD80 antibody or the anti-PD-L1 antibody, an expression vector containing the polynucleotide, and a transformed cell containing the polynucleotide or the expression vector.
- an eukaryotic cell such as an animal cell, a plant cell or a fungal cell
- Animal cells include mammalian cells (eg, CHO, COS, NIH3T3, myeloma, BHK (baby hamster kidney), HeLa, Vero), amphibian cells (eg, Xenopus oocytes), or insect cells (eg, Sf9, Sf21). , Tn5).
- yeast for example, Saccharomyces genus, for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- filamentous fungus for example, Aspergillus genus, for example, Aspergillus nigier
- prokaryotic cells such as E. coli (eg, JM109, DH5 ⁇ , HB101, etc.) and Bacillus subtilis can also be used as host cells.
- the vector can be introduced into the host cell by, for example, the calcium phosphate method, the DEAE dextran method, the electroporation method, the lipofection method, or the like.
- the binding of the obtained anti-CD80 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody to CD80 or PD-L1 can also be confirmed by a competition assay. For example, whether the obtained anti-CD80 antibody competes with a known anti-CD80 antibody for binding to CD80, or the obtained anti-PD-L1 antibody is a known anti-PD-L1 antibody and PD. Whether or not they compete with each other for binding to -L1 can be confirmed by investigating by FACS or ELISA.
- a known anti-CD80 antibody for example, an anti-CD80 antibody having a heavy chain variable region, a light chain variable region or a CDR sequence described below can be used.
- the anti-CD80 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody is 10 ⁇ 7 M or less or 10 ⁇ 8 M or less, eg, 10 ⁇ 7 M to 10 ⁇ 15 M, 10 ⁇ 7 M to 10 ⁇ 13 M, 10 -7 M ⁇ 10 -9 M, 10 -8 M ⁇ 10 -15 M, 10 -8 M ⁇ 10 -13 M, 10 -8 M ⁇ 10 -9 M, 10 -9 M ⁇ 10 -12 M, or It binds to CD80 or PD-L1 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 10 -9 M to 10 -11 M.
- KD equilibrium dissociation constant
- the equilibrium dissociation constant can be measured, for example, by biolayer interferometry. Specifically, the equilibrium dissociation constant can be measured by the method described in the examples of the present application.
- the anti-CD80 antibody does not substantially inhibit the binding between CD80 and CTLA-4.
- Binding of CD80 to CTLA-4 allows cells expressing CD80 to be soluble in the extracellular region of CTLA-4 with a detectable label (eg, fluorescent, luminescent, radioactive, magnetic, etc.). It can be measured by contacting with the peptide and measuring the amount of label bound to the cells.
- An unlabeled soluble peptide may be bound to the peptide and used in combination with a substance having a label (for example, a secondary antibody). The amount of label bound to cells can be compared in the presence and absence of anti-CD80 antibody to confirm the presence or absence or extent of inhibition of CD80 binding to CTLA-4.
- substantially does not inhibit binding means that CD80 and CTLA-in the presence of an anti-CD80 antibody in an amount sufficient for cell surface-expressed CD80 (eg, about 10 ⁇ g/ml).
- the binding amount of 4 is about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97% of the binding amount in the absence of the anti-CD80 antibody, respectively. %, about 98% or about 99% or more (may exceed 100%).
- an anti-CD80 antibody that does not strongly inhibit the binding between CD80 and CD28 may be used. Binding of CD80 and CD28 is accomplished by, for example, contacting cells expressing CD80 with a soluble peptide containing the extracellular region of CD28 having a detectable label (eg, fluorescent label, luminescent label, radioactive label, magnetic label, etc.). Can be measured by measuring the amount of label bound to cells.
- a detectable label eg, fluorescent label, luminescent label, radioactive label, magnetic label, etc.
- An unlabeled soluble peptide may be bound to the peptide and used in combination with a substance having a label (for example, a secondary antibody). The amount of label bound to cells can be compared in the presence and absence of anti-CD80 antibody to confirm the presence or absence or extent of inhibition of CD80-CD28 binding.
- does not strongly inhibit binding means that the amount of binding of CD80 and CD28 in the presence of an anti-CD80 antibody in a sufficient amount (eg, about 10 ⁇ g/ml) for CD80 expressed on the cell surface. , Respectively, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% of the binding amount in the absence of the anti-CD80 antibody, respectively. %, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99% or more (may exceed 100%).
- the anti-CD80 antibody is CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7; and/or A light chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8; including.
- the anti-CD80 antibody is CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15, or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15; and/or A light chain variable region comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 or the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; including.
- the anti-CD80 antibody is CDR1 comprising a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, CDR2 containing a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 95% or more, and 80% with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 Or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably CDR3 comprising a sequence having 95% or more sequence identity, A heavy chain variable region comprising; and/or CDR1 comprising a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, CDR2 containing a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13,
- the anti-CD80 antibody is CDR1 comprising a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 95% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, CDR2 containing a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, and 80% with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 Or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably CDR3 comprising a sequence having 95% or more sequence identity, A heavy chain variable region comprising; and/or CDR1 containing a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, CDR2 containing a sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or more with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21,
- the anti-CD80 antibody is CDR1, comprising a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, CDR2 comprising a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, Or CDR3 containing the added sequence, A heavy chain variable region comprising; and/or CDR1, which comprises a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, CDR2 comprising a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, Or CDR3 containing the added sequence, A light chain variable region comprising; including.
- the anti-CD80 antibody is CDR1, which comprises a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, CDR2 comprising a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, Or CDR3 containing the added sequence, A heavy chain variable region comprising; and/or CDR1, comprising a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, CDR2 comprising a sequence in which 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, and 0, 1 or 2 amino acids are deleted, substituted in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, Or CDR3 containing the added sequence, A light chain variable region comprising; including.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region that comprises CDR1 that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, CDR2 that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, and CDR3 that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11, and/or , A light chain variable region comprising CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region that comprises CDR1 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, CDR2 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, and CDR3 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, and/or , A light chain variable region comprising CDR1 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, CDR2 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and CDR3 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region that comprises CDR1 that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, CDR2 that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and CDR3 that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and/or , A light chain variable region comprising CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, and CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region that comprises CDR1 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, CDR2 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and CDR3 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and/or , A light chain variable region comprising CDR1 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, CDR2 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, and CDR3 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a sequence that has 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
- a light chain comprising a heavy chain variable region and/or a sequence having 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. Contains the chain variable region.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence in which 0-5 amino acids have been deleted, substituted, or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and/or SEQ ID NO:8.
- an anti-CD80 antibody in which the CDRs of the heavy chain variable region and/or the light chain variable region are not modified, specifically, CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10
- CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 and/or CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12
- CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13
- SEQ ID NO:14 Included are anti-CD80 antibodies that include the light chain variable region that includes CDR3 that includes an amino acid sequence.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a sequence that has 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having 0-5 amino acids deleted, substituted, or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15, and/or SEQ ID NO:16.
- an anti-CD80 antibody in which the CDRs of the heavy chain variable region and/or the light chain variable region are not modified, specifically, CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 Of the heavy chain variable region comprising CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 and/or CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, and of SEQ ID NO:22 Included are anti-CD80 antibodies that include the light chain variable region that includes CDR3 that includes an amino acid sequence.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 and/or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. In a further embodiment, the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 and/or a light chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and/or a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16. In a further embodiment, the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and/or a light chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16.
- the anti-CD80 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising CDR1-3 of the light chain variable region and/or a light chain variable region comprising CDR1-3 of the heavy chain variable region.
- the anti-CD80 antibody is an antibody that competes for binding to CD80 with any of the anti-CD80 antibodies identified in the sequences above. Competition can be confirmed, for example, by the competition assay described above.
- Sequence identity is determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences over the entire region of the compared sequences.
- the sequences to be compared may have additions or deletions (eg gaps) in the optimal alignment of the two sequences.
- Sequence identity can be calculated using programs such as FASTA, BLAST, CLUSTAL W provided by public databases (for example, DDBJ (http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp)).
- FASTA FASTA
- BLAST BLAST
- CLUSTAL W provided by public databases
- DDBJ http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp
- it can be determined using commercially available sequence analysis software (for example, Vector NTI (registered trademark) software, GENETYX (registered trademark) ver. 12).
- variants with improved binding affinity can be obtained by phage display-based methods.
- an amino acid residue that influences the interaction between the antibody and the antigen is identified by the alanine scanning mutagenesis method, or the crystal structure of the antigen-antibody complex is analyzed to determine the contact point between the antibody and the antigen.
- the mutagenesis site is determined by identifying A mutant having a desired property can be obtained by preparing a mutant in which the amino acid at this site is modified by error-prone PCR or site-directed mutagenesis, and screening the resulting mutant library. ..
- the anti-CD80 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody may have a modified sugar chain in the Fc region.
- sugar chain-modified antibody include an antibody lacking fucose added to the sugar chain (US Patent Publication No. 2003/0157108), an antibody having a sugar chain having bisect N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (International Publication No. 2003/011878) and the like.
- Anti-CD80 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody may be prepared from polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, polyoxyalkylene or a copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, for example, for the purpose of extending the half-life of the antibody or improving the stability. It may be bound to a polymer.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- polypropylene glycol polypropylene glycol
- polyoxyalkylene polyoxyalkylene
- a copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol for example, for the purpose of extending the half-life of the antibody or improving the stability. It may be bound to a polymer.
- a substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 can suppress immunity when administered to a subject in an effective amount. Accordingly, there is provided an immunosuppressive agent containing, as an active ingredient, a substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 selected from anti-CD80 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the antibodies or immunosuppressive agents disclosed in the present specification have low toxicity, they can be safely used as pharmaceuticals.
- the antibodies or immunosuppressive agents disclosed herein can be used for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases characterized by enhanced immunity. Therefore, in an embodiment, a substance that promotes the binding between PD-1 and PD-1 selected from anti-CD80 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody as an active ingredient, prevention of diseases characterized by enhanced immunity and /Or a therapeutic agent is provided.
- autoimmune diseases include, for example, Behcet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis (systemic sclerosis, progressive systemic sclerosis), scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, periarteritis nodosa (Polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis), aortitis syndrome (Takayasu arteritis), rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, Adult Still's disease, allergic granulomatous vasculitis, hypersensitivity vasculitis, Cogan syndrome, RS3PE, temporal arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, fibromy
- the autoimmune disease is type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. In one embodiment, the autoimmune disease is multiple sclerosis. Allergic diseases include, for example, asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and hay fever.
- treating in a subject having a disease, reduces or eliminates the cause of the disease, delays or halts its progression, reduces or alleviates its symptoms. , Ameliorating or eliminating and/or suppressing the exacerbation of its symptoms.
- preventing refers to preventing the onset of a disease in a subject, particularly a subject who is likely to develop the disease but has not yet developed it. Alternatively, it means to reduce the possibility of developing a disease and includes recurrence prevention.
- Subjects who may develop an autoimmune or allergic disease, but have not yet developed include, for example, subjects with increased immunity, subjects with a genetic predisposition to an autoimmune or allergic disorder, and Subjects who have been cured and have an autoimmune or allergic disease are included.
- Subjects who may develop a graft-versus-host disease but who have not yet developed include those who undergo an organ transplant.
- the administration target of the preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a disease characterized by an immunosuppressive agent or immune enhancement is an animal, typically a mammal (for example, human, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, Bovine, sheep, monkey, etc.), but humans are particularly preferable. Also preferred subjects are those in need of immunosuppression or said prevention and/or treatment, especially those in need of such treatment.
- the dose of the active ingredient is appropriately selected according to the administration method, age, weight, health condition of the subject.
- 10 ⁇ g/kg to 100 mg/kg, 100 ⁇ g/kg to 10 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg per day for adults may be continuously administered for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours per day, or for 1 day. It can be administered once to several times, or once to several times a day or several days or once a week or several weeks, for example, but not limited to once every 1 to 3 weeks.
- the administration method is also appropriately selected depending on the age, weight, health condition, etc. of the administration subject.
- the administration method may be oral administration or parenteral administration, but parenteral administration is preferred.
- Parenteral administration includes subcutaneous administration, intradermal administration, intraperitoneal administration, intramuscular administration, intravenous administration and the like, but intravenous administration is preferred.
- An immunosuppressive agent or a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for diseases characterized by enhanced immunity can be formulated by a conventional method.
- the formulation may contain various pharmaceutically acceptable substances for formulation, if necessary for formulation.
- the substance for formulation can be appropriately selected depending on the dosage form of the formulation, for example, buffering agent, surfactant, stabilizer, preservative, excipient, diluent, additive, disintegrating agent, binder, Examples include coating agents, lubricants, lubricants, solubilizers, and the like.
- immunosuppressants can be formulated as injectables or infusions.
- the injections or infusions may be in the form of sterile aqueous solutions, suspensions or emulsions, or in the form of solid or lyophilized solutions for use as dissolved, suspended or emulsified in sterilized liquids.
- Can be The sterilized liquid can be, for example, water for injection, saline, glucose solution, isotonic solution, or the like.
- Immunosuppressants can also be formulated to give sustained or controlled release of the active ingredient. Methods of making these formulations are well known in the art.
- the formulation may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes any substance which, when combined with an active ingredient, is capable of retaining the biological activity of that ingredient and which is non-reactive with the immune system of the subject. .. Examples thereof include stabilizers, solubilizers, suspending agents, emulsifiers, soothing agents, buffers, preservatives, pH adjusters and antioxidants.
- the stabilizer examples include various amino acids, albumin, globulin, gelatin, mannitol, glucose, dextran, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ascorbic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium edetate, sodium citrate, Dibutylhydroxytoluene or the like can be used.
- the solubilizing agent examples include alcohol (eg, ethanol), polyalcohol (eg, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), nonionic surfactant (eg, Polysorbate 20 (registered trademark) , Polysorbate 80 (registered trademark) ) , HCO-50, etc.) can be used.
- suspending agent for example, glyceryl monostearate, aluminum monostearate, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and the like can be used.
- emulsifier for example, gum arabic, sodium alginate, tragacanth and the like can be used.
- soothing agent for example, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, sorbitol and the like can be used.
- buffer for example, phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, borate buffer, carbonate buffer, citrate buffer, Tris buffer, glutamate buffer, epsilon aminocaproate buffer and the like can be used.
- preservatives examples include methyl paraoxybenzoate, ethyl paraoxybenzoate, propyl paraoxybenzoate, butyl paraoxybenzoate, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium edetate, boric acid, and borohydride. Sand or the like can be used.
- benzalkonium chloride, paraoxybenzoic acid, chlorobutanol and the like can be used.
- pH adjuster for example, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, acetic acid or the like can be used.
- antioxidant for example, (1) ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, water-soluble antioxidants such as sodium sulfite, (2) ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, Use oil-soluble antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene, lecithin, propyl gallate, ⁇ -tocopherol and (3) metal chelating agents such as citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sorbitol, tartaric acid and phosphoric acid. You can
- An infusion solution for injection or infusion can be produced by sterilizing it in the final step or sterilizing by an aseptic operation method, for example, filtering with a filter, and then filling an aseptic container.
- an aseptic operation method for example, filtering with a filter, and then filling an aseptic container.
- sterile powder which may contain powder of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
- vacuum drying and freeze drying after dissolving it in a suitable solvent before use. You can also
- the immunosuppressive agent or the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for diseases characterized by enhancement of immunity can be used alone or in combination with one or more additional active ingredients, particularly, an active ingredient for suppressing immunity.
- “Combining” the components is not limited to the use of dosage forms containing all components and the use of combinations of dosage forms containing each component separately, but is also characterized by their suppression of immunity or enhancement of immunity. As long as it is used for the treatment and/or prevention of the disease, it also means that each component is administered at the same time or any of the components is delayed. If any components are delayed in administration, there may be a period in which each component is co-administered. It is also possible to use two or more additional active ingredients in combination.
- Active ingredients suitable for combination include, for example, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, antiviral agents, immunosuppressants, molecular targeting agents and the like.
- an insulin preparation eg, human insulin, insulin glargine, Insulin lispro, insulin detemir, insulin aspart etc.
- sulfonylurea agents eg glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride etc.
- haste insulin secretagogues eg nateglinide etc.
- biguanide preparations eg metformin etc.
- insulin resistance Improvers eg, pioglitazone etc.
- ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors eg, acarbose, voglibose etc.
- antidiabetic agents eg, epalrestat, mexiletine, imidapril etc.
- GLP-1 analog preparations eg, liraglutide, etc.
- a steroid drug for example, cortisone acetate, Hydrocortisone, sodium hydrocortisone phosphate, sodium hydrocortisone succinate, fludrocortisone acetate, prednisolone acetate, prednisolone acetate, prednisolone sodium succinate, prednisolone butylacetate, halopredone acetate acetate, methylprednisolone acetate, methylprednisolone acetate, succinic acid prednisolone succinate.
- a steroid drug for example, cortisone acetate, Hydrocortisone, sodium hydrocortisone phosphate, sodium hydrocortisone succinate, fludrocortisone acetate, prednisolone acetate, prednisolone acetate, prednisolone sodium succinate, prednisolone butylacetate, halopredone acetate acetate, methylpredn
- a steroid drug for example, the steroid drug described above is used.
- other immunosuppressive agents eg, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, fingolimod, etc.
- any one or more agents selected from belimumab e.g, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, fingolimod, etc.
- a steroid drug for example, the steroid drug described above
- An anti-rheumatic drug eg, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, bucillamine, leflunomide, mizoribine, tacrolimus, etc.
- an anti-cytokine drug eg, infliximab, adalimumab, tocilizumab, etanercept, golimumab and certolizumab, etc.
- abatacept it may be used in combination with the above-mentioned agents.
- the immunosuppressive agent of the present invention When applied to the prophylaxis and/or treatment of other autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases or graft-versus-host disease, the immunosuppressive agent of the present invention or the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for diseases characterized by enhanced immunity as described above It may be used in combination with any one or more of the other agents mentioned.
- a subject in need of immune suppression is treated with an effective amount of a substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 selected from anti-CD80 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody, or an immunity containing the substance.
- a method of suppressing immunity comprises administering an inhibitor.
- the term “effective amount” means an amount capable of exerting an immune suppressing effect in a subject.
- Use of an inhibitor is provided.
- a method for preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by enhanced immunity wherein a subject in need thereof is treated with an effective amount of PD-L1 selected from anti-CD80 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- a method comprising administering a substance that promotes the binding between PD-1 and PD-1 or an immunosuppressive agent containing the substance. In one embodiment, it promotes the binding of PD-1 and PD-1 selected from anti-CD80 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody for use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases characterized by enhanced immunity.
- a substance or an immunosuppressive agent containing the substance is provided.
- a substance that promotes the binding between PD-L1 and PD-1 selected from anti-CD80 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody in the production of a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a disease characterized by enhanced immunity Or an immunosuppressive agent containing the substance.
- [1-5] The immunosuppressive agent according to any of [1-1] to [1-4] above, wherein the substance is an anti-CD80 antibody.
- [1-6] The immunosuppressive agent according to [1-5] above, wherein the anti-CD80 antibody binds to CD80 with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10 ⁇ 7 M or less.
- [1-7] The immunosuppressive agent according to the above [1-5] or [1-6], wherein the anti-CD80 antibody inhibits cis binding between CD80 and PD-L1.
- the anti-CD80 antibody has a region containing an amino acid corresponding to isoleucine at position 92 and/or leucine at position 104 of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or the amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the mouse CD80 having a sequence, which binds to a region containing an amino acid corresponding to leucine at position 96 and/or leucine at position 107, according to any one of [1-5] to [1-8] above.
- Immunosuppressants [1-10] The immunosuppressive agent according to any one of [1-5] to [1-9] above, wherein the anti-CD80 antibody does not substantially inhibit the binding between CD80 and CTLA-4.
- the anti-CD80 antibody is (1) a heavy chain CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, a heavy chain CDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 and a heavy chain variable region containing a heavy chain CDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; and A light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a light chain variable region comprising a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; (2) a heavy chain CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, a heavy chain CDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and a heavy chain variable region containing a heavy chain CDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19; and A light chain CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a light chain CDR2 containing the amino acid
- the anti-CD80 antibody is A heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19; and [1-5] including a light chain CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a light chain CDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 and a light chain variable region containing the light chain CDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 ⁇
- the immunosuppressive agent according to any one of [1-13].
- the anti-CD80 antibody has 90% or more identity with the heavy chain variable region containing the amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8
- the anti-CD80 antibody has a heavy chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16.
- the immunosuppressive agent according to any one of [1-5] to [1-13] and [1-15], which comprises a light chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence.
- the anti-CD80 antibody competes with the antibody according to any one of [1-13] to [1-17] for binding to CD80, and [1-5] to The immunosuppressive agent according to any one of [1-12].
- [1-19] The immunosuppressive agent according to any one of [1-1] to [1-4] above, wherein the substance is an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- [1-20] The immunosuppressive agent according to [1-19] above, wherein the anti-PD-L1 antibody binds to PD-L1 with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10 ⁇ 7 M or less.
- [1-21] The immunosuppressive agent according to the above [1-19] or [1-20], wherein the anti-PD-L1 antibody inhibits cis binding between PD-L1 and CD80.
- the cis bond has an amino acid corresponding to leucine at position 96 and/or leucine at position 107 of mouse CD80 having at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and mouse PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody has a region containing an amino acid corresponding to asparagine at position 63 and/or glycine at position 119 of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence
- the mouse PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of No. 4 binds to a region containing an amino acid corresponding to valine at position 54, tyrosine at position 56 and/or glutamic acid at position 58 [1-19] to [ 1-22],
- the immunosuppressive agent according to any one of items.
- [2-5] The antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-4], which is an anti-CD80 antibody.
- [2-6] The antibody according to [2-5], which binds to CD80 with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10 -7 M or less.
- [2-7] The antibody described in [2-5] or [2-6], which inhibits cis-bonding between CD80 and PD-L1.
- a region in which the cis bond contains at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 corresponding to the isoleucine at position 92 and/or the leucine at position 104 of human CD80 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 Binding through a region containing an amino acid corresponding to asparagine at position 63 and/or glycine at position 119 of human PD-L1
- a region in which the cis bond contains at least an amino acid corresponding to the leucine at position 96 and/or the leucine at position 107 of mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and mouse PD having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 -
- the antibody according to the above [2-7] which is a bond via a region containing an amino acid corresponding to valine at position 54, tyrosine at position 56 and/or glutamic acid at position 58 of L1.
- [2-9] A region containing an amino acid corresponding to isoleucine at position 92 and/or leucine at position 104 of human CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2
- the antibody according to any one of [2-5] to [2-9] which does not substantially inhibit the binding between CD80 and CTLA-4.
- [2-11] The antibody according to any one of [2-5] to [2-10] above, which does not strongly inhibit the binding between CD80 and CD28.
- the anti-CD80 antibody has a heavy chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 with 90% or more identity
- the anti-CD80 antibody has 90% or more identity with the heavy chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16
- the antibody according to any one of [2-5] to [2-13] and [2-15] which comprises a light chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence.
- [2-19] The antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-4] above, which is an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- [2-20] The antibody according to [2-19] above, which binds to PD-L1 with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10 -7 M or less.
- [2-21] The antibody described in [2-19] or [2-20] above, which inhibits cis-bonding between PD-L1 and CD80.
- a region in which the cis bond contains at least an amino acid corresponding to the leucine at position 96 and/or the leucine at position 107 of mouse CD80 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and mouse PD having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 -The antibody according to [2-21] above, which is a bond via a region containing an amino acid corresponding to valine at position 54, tyrosine at position 56 and/or glutamic acid at position 58 of L1.
- [2-23] A region containing an amino acid corresponding to the 63rd position asparagine and/or the 119th position glycine of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or the mouse having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 Any one of the above [2-19] to [2-22], which binds to a region containing an amino acid corresponding to valine at 54th position, tyrosine at 56th position and/or glutamic acid at 58th position of PD-L1.
- the antibody according to the item.
- a heavy chain CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 a heavy chain CDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 and a heavy chain variable region containing the heavy chain CDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, and [2-24] including a light chain CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a light chain CDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a light chain variable region containing the light chain CDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the antibody according to.
- the anti-CD80 antibody has a heavy chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 with 90% or more identity
- the antibody according to the above [2-24] or [2-25] which comprises a light chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence.
- the anti-CD80 antibody has a heavy chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16.
- the antibody according to [2-24] or [2-26] above which comprises a light chain variable region containing an amino acid sequence.
- [2-32] A region containing an amino acid corresponding to the 63rd asparagine and/or the 119th glycine of human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a mouse having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- An anti-PD-L1 antibody that binds to a region containing amino acids corresponding to valine at position 54, tyrosine at position 56, and/or glutamic acid at position 58 of PD-L1.
- the antibody according to [2-32] which binds to PD-L1 with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10 -7 M or less.
- [2-35] The antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-34], which is an isolated monoclonal antibody.
- [2-36] A pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35].
- [2-37] The pharmaceutical composition according to the above [2-36], for preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by suppression of immunity or enhancement of immunity.
- An immunosuppressive agent comprising the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35] above as an active ingredient.
- a method for suppressing immunity which comprises administering an effective amount of the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35] to a subject in need thereof. ,Method.
- the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35] which is used for suppressing immunity.
- a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a disease characterized by enhanced immunity which comprises the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35] as an active ingredient.
- the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to the above-mentioned [2-43] which further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a method for preventing and/or treating a disease characterized by enhancement of immunity wherein the effective amount of the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35] above is A method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof.
- the antibody of any one of the above-mentioned [2-1] to [2-35] for use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases characterized by enhanced immunity.
- [2-47] Use of the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35] above for the manufacture of a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a disease characterized by enhanced immunity.
- [2-48] The prevention and/or treatment according to the above-mentioned [2-43] or [2-44], wherein the disease characterized by enhanced immunity is autoimmune disease, allergic disease or graft-versus-host disease An agent, the method according to [2-45] above, the antibody according to [2-46] above, or the use according to [2-47] above.
- the preventive and/or therapeutic agent, method, antibody or use according to the above-mentioned [2-48] wherein the disease characterized by enhanced immunity is an autoimmune disease.
- Autoimmune diseases include Behcet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, periarteritis nodosa, aortitis syndrome, malignant rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, adult Still's disease, allergic granulomatous vasculitis, hypersensitivity vasculitis, Cogan's syndrome, RS3PE, temporal arteritis, rheumatic polyps Myalgia, fibromyalgia, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, eosinophilic fasciitis, IgG4-related disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, chronic atrophic gastritis, autoimmune hepati
- [2-54] A polynucleotide encoding the antibody according to any one of [2-1] to [2-35].
- [2-55] A vector containing the polynucleotide according to [2-54].
- [2-56] A host cell containing the polynucleotide according to [2-54] or the vector according to [2-55].
- Plat-E cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (D'MEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin (Nacalai Tesque) and 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin (Nacalai tesque). ..
- the plasmid and a fragment of the retroviral gene transfer cDNA were amplified by PCR and cloned from pFB-ires-Neo (Agilent) into a modified retroviral expression plasmid vector.
- pFB-ires-Neo Agilent
- the IgV domain of PD-L1 was amplified with Thermo-Start Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing 400 ⁇ M MnCl 2 and transformed into pFB-ires-Neo. Cloned.
- PD-L1 and CD80 mutants with site-directed mutations were generated by overhang PCR.
- the plasmid was plated in D'MEM (high glucose) (Gibco) supplemented with 20% (v/v) FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin (Nacalai Tesque) and 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin (Nacalai tesque), Plat-E.
- the cells were transduced with FuGENE (registered trademark) HD (Promega), and the target cells were transduced with the gene using the virus-containing supernatant.
- Infected cells were selected with G418 (Wako), puromycin (Sigma-aldrich), Zeocin (InvivoGen) or blasticidin (InvivoGen).
- RNA sequences are shown in the table below.
- the guide RNA sequence is pEF-BOS-Cas9-U6-guide (which expresses a humanized cas9 cDNA (Addgene) with or without the D10A mutation under the human EF-1 ⁇ -promoter, and the reverse U6 It was cloned into pEF-BOS (modified from Mizushima, S. & Nagata, S.
- the plasmid was introduced into the cells by electroporation (Nucleofector II (registered trademark) , Lonza). Cells in which the expression of the target gene disappeared were sorted using a cell sorter (MoFlo XDP, Beckman Coulter). Clones of cells were obtained by limiting dilution and the loss-of-function mutation of the target gene and its lack of expression were confirmed by sequencing and flow cytometry, respectively.
- mice C57BL/6N mice were purchased from SLC and bred under specific pathogen removal conditions in an environmentally controlled clean room. Mice of the same age and sex were used for each experiment. All mouse protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Tokushima University.
- the nucleotide sequences of the guide RNA and ssODN used for the generation of C57BL/6N-Cd80 -/- , C57BL/6N-Cd274 Y56A and C57BL/6N-Cd80 L107E mice are shown in the table below.
- the C57BL/6N-Cd274 -/- mouse has a single nucleotide inserted, which results in the production of a premature stop codon at Y56.
- the C57BL/6N-Cd80 -/- mouse has a single nucleotide inserted, which results in a frameshift at G109, the addition of 20 extraneous amino acids, and the generation of a premature stop codon.
- First-generation mosaic mice were mated with C57BL/6N wild-type mice to obtain heterozygous mice, and heterozygous mice were mated to obtain homozygous mice.
- the amplified fragments were sequenced (ABI Prism (TM) 3700 DNA Analyzer, Thermo Fisher Scientific ), or used to limit the length polymorphism analysis.
- DO11.10 T cells 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells/well) were placed in a 96-well round bottom plate (BD Bioscinences) at a predetermined amount of OVA 323-339 peptide ( The cells were stimulated with IIAdL1 cells (1 ⁇ 10 4 cells/well) pulsed with ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR, >95% purity, Sigma-Aldrich Japan or eurofins genomics) for 12 to 14 hours.
- BW-Pdcd1 ⁇ / ⁇ cells were generated by knocking out the PD-1 gene of BW-1100.129.237 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
- BW-Pdcd1 -/- cells were reconstituted with CD8 ⁇ /CD8 ⁇ /OT-I TCR or CD4/OT-II TCR on CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD28 and PD-1 to obtain BW-OT-I cells or BW-OT- II cells were produced respectively.
- BW-OT-I cells and BW-OT-II cells were added to a 96-well round bottom plate in a predetermined amount of MHCI- restricted OVA 257-264 peptide (SIINFEKL, >98% purity, MBL) or MHCII-restricted OVA 323-339 peptide-pulsed BM-DC or spleen DC (5 ⁇ 10 3 cells/well) for 12 to 14 hours.
- 1 ⁇ g/ml anti-PD-L1 antibody (1-111A), 5 ⁇ g/ml anti-PD-L2 antibody (TY25) or rat IgG2a isotype control (RTK2758, Biolegend) was added where indicated.
- the concentration of IL-2 in the supernatant of the medium was determined by ELISA (Biolegend).
- PD-1 mediated inhibition was calculated by comparing the amount of IL-2 under conditions where PD-1 function was activated and not.
- Mouse PD-1 (RMP1-30), MHCII (M5/114.15.2), B220 (RA3-6B2), F4/80 (BM8), CD80 (16-10A1), CD86 (GL-1), DYKDDDDK tag ( Antibodies against L5), CD19 (6D5), CD3e (17A2), CD4 (RM4-5), CD8 ⁇ (53-6.7), CD11b (M1/70), CD11c (N418) and CD317 (927) were purchased from Biolegend. .
- Streptavidin-phycoerythrin (PE) and streptavidin-allophycocyanin (APC) were purchased from Biolegend.
- Rat IgG2a (RTK2758), rat IgG2b (RTK4530), and hamster IgG (HTK888) isotype control antibodies were purchased from Biolegend. Unless otherwise stated, 30 ⁇ g/ml biotinylated 1-111A was used for detection of mouse PD-L1.
- Mouse PD-1 (amino acids 1-167), human PD-1 (amino acids 1-167), mouse CD28 (amino acids 1-149) and mouse CTLA-4 (amino acids 1-162) for the preparation of soluble chimeric proteins
- a cDNA fragment encoding the extracellular region of E. coli was amplified by PCR. Fused 5-chain coiled-coil domain (Terskikh, A.
- cartilage oligomeric matrix protein containing DYKDDDDK tag was fused to C-terminal of each protein. Then, the chimeric cDNA was cloned from pEBMulti-Neo (Wako) into a modified expression vector. The plasmid was introduced into 293T cells or Plat-E cells using Avalanche-Omni transfection reagent (EZ Biosystems), and the culture supernatant was collected after 48 and 96 hours. The supernatant was diluted and used for staining. Binding of chimeric protein on cells was detected by anti-DYKDDDDK tag antibody (L5). Data were acquired using Gallios (Beckman Coulter) and analyzed using FlowJo (Tree Star).
- Co-immunoprecipitation DYKDDDDK tags were fused to the C-termini of PD-L1 and PD-L1Y56A.
- the SHSLQKYYITGEAEGFPATA tag (hER tag) recognized by a rabbit polyclonal antibody against human ER ⁇ protein (HC-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was fused to the C-terminus of CD80, CD80L107E and CD86.
- IIAdL1 cells expressing the tagged protein in a given combination were washed extensively with PBS and treated with the water-soluble, non-cleavable, membrane-impermeable crosslinker BS 3 (1 mM, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 30 minutes. did.
- the cells were lysed with a lysis buffer containing 1% NP-40.
- the protein labeled with the DYKDDDDK tag was immunoprecipitated with anti-FLAG M2 agarose beads (Merk), separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, and transferred onto a PVDF membrane.
- Proteins labeled with DYKDDDDK and hER tags were labeled with anti-DYKDDDDK antibody (L5) and HC-20 antibody, followed by IRDye800-anti-rat IgG (H+L) and IRDye680-anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (LI-COR Biosciences ) Antibody detected.
- the fluorescence signal on the membrane was detected with the Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences).
- BM-DC BM cells were collected from femurs and tibias of mice, 10% (v/v) FBS, 0.5 mM monothioglycerol, 2 mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/
- the cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with ml streptomycin and 20 ng/ml recombinant mouse GM-CSF (Biolegend). On day 4, two thirds of the medium was replaced with fresh medium.
- non-adherent cells were collected, and CD11c + cells for mouse immunization experiments and CD86 + cells for in vitro co-culture experiments were fractionated by BD iMag Cell Separation System (BD Biosciences). Isolated cells were stimulated with LPS (1 ⁇ g/ml). For dendritic cell vaccination of mice with E.G7, 100 ⁇ g/ml OVA protein (low endotoxin, Wako) was added. Non-adherent cells were harvested after 16-18 hours and used for further experiments.
- TG-M ⁇ Naive mice were intraperitoneally administered with 2 ml of 3% Brewer thioglycollate medium (BD Biosciences). After 4 days, peritoneal exudate cells were collected and seeded on a tissue culture plate at 37°C for 2 hours. Floating cells were washed extensively and strongly adherent cells were stimulated with LPS (1 ⁇ g/ml) for 16-18 hours and used for flow cytometric analysis. F4/80 + cells were cell sorter purified (>95% pure) for in vitro co-culture assays.
- Spleen DC Spleens were treated with collagenase (1 mg/ml, Wako) for 20 minutes at 37° C. and ground to prepare single cell suspensions. After erythrocyte lysis, whole splenocytes were stimulated with LPS (1 ⁇ g/ml) for 16-18 hours. Cells were harvested, stained with bio-CD11c antibody and then PE-streptavidin, and CD11c + cells were enriched with anti-PE magnetic particles and BD iMag Cell Separation System.
- B220 - F4/80 - CD3 - CD11c + CD8 ⁇ + CD11b - cells (CD8 ⁇ + DC) or B220 - F4/80 - CD3 - CD11c + CD8 ⁇ - CD11b + cells (CD11b + DC) are sorted by a cell sorter (each CD8 ⁇ + DC; >85% purity and CD11b + DC; >90% purity), used as antigen-presenting cells for in vitro co-culture assay.
- mouse PD-L1 and CD80 are based on the previously reported structures of human PD-L1 (PDB ID: 4Z18) and mouse CD80 IgV domain (PDB ID: 4RWH), respectively, and SWISS-MODEL (https:/ /swissmodel.expasy.org/).
- the structures of human CD80 (PDB ID: 1DR9) and CD86 (PDB ID: 1NCN) were analyzed by UCSF chimera software.
- E.G7 lymphoma cells On day 0 of tumor immunotherapy , 5 ⁇ 10 5 E.G7 lymphoma cells were subcutaneously administered to the shaved left flank of mice. On days 5 and 12, OVA protein (100 ⁇ g) mixed with poly(I:C) (50 ⁇ g) in PBS was subcutaneously inoculated near the tumor. Alternatively, on days 3 and 10, 4.5 ⁇ 10 5 LPS-activated BM-DCs pulsed with OVA protein were subcutaneously inoculated near the tumor. Tumor size was measured every third day with calipers. Tumor volume was calculated using the following formula: 1/2 x (minor axis) 2 x (long diameter).
- mice were emulsified with MOG 35-55 peptide (200 ⁇ g, MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK, >95%) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (BD Biosciences) supplemented with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37RA (200 ⁇ g, BD Biosciences). Purity, Eurofins) was used as an antigen to inoculate subcutaneously.
- pertussis toxin List Biological Laboratories
- Clinical scores were assessed blindly daily as follows: 0, no clinical signs; 1, trailing foot; 2, hindlimb weakness; 3, hindlimb paralysis; 4, hindlimb and forelimb paralysis; 5, moribund Status.
- splenocytes from 1 ⁇ 10 6 mice were stimulated with 5 or 50 ⁇ g/ml MOG 35-55 peptide for 66 hours 7 days after challenge .
- concentration of IL-17A in the culture supernatant was determined by ELISA (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- the binding of PD-1-EC to PD-L1 was strongly blocked by the coexpression of CD80 in IIAdL1-PD-L1 cells, but not by coexpression of CD86 (FIG. 1, upper panel).
- the results show that CD80 interacts with PD-L1 on the same antigen presenting cells and this cis-PD-L1/CD80 interaction interferes with PD-L1/PD-1 binding.
- the binding of PD-1-EC to PD-L2 was not affected by the co-expression of CD80 and CD86 in IIAdL1-PD-L2 cells (Fig. 1, lower panel).
- IIAdL1 cells overexpressing PD-L1, PD-L2, CD80 and CD86 in various combinations were used as antigen presenting cells to stimulate DO11.10 T cells.
- IL-2 production from DO11.10 T cells upon antigen stimulation was strongly inhibited when PD-L1 or PD-L2 was expressed on antigen-presenting cells (FIG. 4, upper panel). Since inhibition of IL-2 production was not observed in PD-1 knockout DO11.10 (DO11.10-Pdcd1 -/- ) T cells, PD-L1 or PD-L2-mediated inhibition was PD-1 dependent.
- CD80 strongly suppressed the inhibitory effect mediated by IIAdL1-PD-L1 cells mediated by PD-1 and did not suppress the inhibitory effect by IIAdL1-PD-L2 cells (FIG. 4, middle panel).
- the co-expression of CD86 did not suppress the PD-1-mediated inhibitory effect induced by IIAdL1-PD-L1 cells and IIAdL1-PD-L2 cells (FIG. 4, lower panel). Therefore, CD80 was shown to interact with PD-L1 in cis and prevent PD-L1 from inducing PD-1 function in T cell activation.
- Test 2 Blocking PD-1-mediated inhibition of T cell activation by primary culture DC
- TG-M ⁇ Inducible abdominal cavity M ⁇
- PD-L1 Fig. 9, second row
- PD-1-EC binding strengths of the three cell populations were significantly different, and TG-M ⁇ was PD-EC.
- CD8 ⁇ + DC weakly bound to PD-1-EC
- CD11b + DC hardly bound to PD-1-EC (Fig. 9, top row).
- the expression level of CD80 on CD8 ⁇ + and CD11b + DC was much higher than the expression level of CD80 on TG-M ⁇ (FIG. 9, bottom row).
- CD80 knockout mice C57BL/6N-Cd80 ⁇ / ⁇ mice were generated, and the same cell population as described above was analyzed (FIG. 10).
- CD8 ⁇ + and CD11b + DC from C57BL/6N-Cd80 ⁇ / ⁇ mice bound to PD-1-EC with the same strength as TG-M ⁇ (FIG. 10, top row). ..
- This result indicates that in wild-type mice, CD8 ⁇ + and CD11b + DCs have incomplete binding to PD-1-EC due to strong CD80 expression.
- the expression level of CD80 on TG-M ⁇ from wild-type mice was not high enough to interfere with PD-L1/PD-1 binding, and the binding strength between TG-M ⁇ and PD-1-EC was not changed by CD80 deficiency. ..
- T lymphoma cells BW-OT-I cells
- pOVA 323-339 /IA responding to pOVA 257-264 /H2-K b T lymphoma cells
- Fig. 11 T lymphoma cells responding to b were stimulated (Fig. 11).
- FIG. 12 is the result of further analysis of the data shown in FIG.
- Test 3 PD-L1 and CD80 mutants that do not have cis-PD-L1/CD80 interaction , retain other functions, but cannot bind to CD80, bind PD-L1 mutants and PD-L1 An attempt was made to isolate a CD80 mutant that cannot.
- the IgV domains of PD-L1 and CD80 were involved in their interaction. It was clarified that there is (Fig. 13, 14).
- CD28 binds to the AGFCC'C” surface of CD80 (Ikemizu, S. et al., Immunity12, 51-60 (2000); Stamper, C. C. et al. Nature 410, 608-11 (2001); Evans, E. J. et al. Nat. Immunol. 6,271-279 (2005)), because CD80 can bind to CD28 in the presence of PD-L1 (data not shown), we focused on the DEB surface of CD80.
- CD80 (Ikemizu, S. et al., already mentioned) and CD86 (Zhang, X., Schwartz, J.-C. D., Almo, S. C. & Nathenson, S. G., Proc. Natl. Acad.
- CD80L107E When CD80L107E was expressed on IIAdL1 cells in the absence of PD-L1, CD80L107E enhanced antigen-stimulated IL-2 production from DO11.10T cells to the same extent as wild-type CD80. Furthermore, PD-L1 was able to induce PD-1 function in the presence of CD80L107E (FIG. 22, lower panel and FIG. 24). This result indicates that CD80L107E cannot inhibit the induction of PD-1 function by PD-L1.
- Trial 5 Attenuating T cell responses to immunogens, tumor cells and self-tissues in the absence of cis-PD-L1/CD80 interaction
- PD-L1Y56A and CD80L107E knock-in mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system (C57BL/6N-Cd274 Y56A mouse and C57BL/6N-Cd80 L107E mouse).
- the C57BL/6N-Cd274 Y56A mouse and the C57BL/6N-Cd80 L107E mouse were born normally, had no obvious lesions, and developed well.
- BM-DC bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
- mice C57BL/6N-Cd274 Y56A and C57BL/6N-Cd80 L107E mice were inoculated with OVA protein emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) as an antigen, and one week later, T cells in regional lymph nodes were restimulated. .. IFN- ⁇ and IL-2 production from T cells upon stimulation with OVA protein and MHCI and MHCII restricted OVA peptides was significantly lower in both knockin mice compared to wild type mice (FIG. 35). These results indicate that in wild-type mice, PD-1 function is restricted by the cis-PD-L1/CD80 interaction in inducing an immune response to foreign antigens.
- CFA complete adjuvant
- a dendritic cell vaccine was used to directly investigate the role of cis-PD-L1/CD80 interaction on antigen presenting cells.
- OVA was pulsed and administered to wild-type mice transplanted with E.G7 cells to BM-DCs derived from wild-type and knock-in mice to induce an immune response (FIG. 39).
- BM-DCs derived from wild-type and knock-in mice to induce an immune response.
- dendritic cell vaccination with BM-DC from wild-type mice induced a potent antitumor immune response, whereas C57BL/6N-Cd274 Y56A mice and C57BL/ 6N- When BM-DC derived from Cd80 L107E mouse was used, it did not induce an antitumor immune response (FIGS. 40 and 41).
- EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- a cDNA fragment encoding the extracellular region of the soluble protein mouse CD80 was amplified by PCR and fused with the Fc region of human IgG1 (hIgG1Fc).
- the chimeric cDNA was cloned into an expression vector modified from pEFBOSneo.
- the plasmid was introduced into Plat-E cells using Avalanche-Omni Transfection Reagent (EZ Biosystems), and the culture supernatant was collected 48 hours later.
- Mouse CD80-hIgG1Fc was purified with protein G (GE Healthcare).
- mice C57BL/6N-Cd80 -/- mice were bred under specific pathogen elimination conditions in an environmentally controlled clean room. All mouse protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Tokushima University.
- Lymph node cells of C57BL/6N-Cd80 -/- mice inoculated with mouse CD80-hIgG1Fc protein as an antigen to induce immune response were fused with SP2/o cells by electrical cell fusion ( LF301, BEX). Culture supernatants of hybridoma clones were tested for their ability to dissociate the cis-PD-L1/CD80 interaction.
- EAE Mice were immunized by subcutaneous inoculation with MOG 35-55 peptide (200 ⁇ g, MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK, >95% purity, Eurofins) emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (BD Biosciences) containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (200 ⁇ g, BD Biosciences). (Day 0). Pertussis toxin (200 ng, List Biological Laboratories) was intraperitoneally administered on days 0 and 2. As shown in FIGS.
- CD80 Molecule Mouse CD80 a chimeric molecule in which IgV domain and IgC domain of CD80 and CD86 are exchanged (see FIG. 13), or a mouse CD80 mutant lacking the ability to bind to mouse PD-L1 (L96E and/or The binding properties of TKMG48 and 16-10A1 to DOdKO cells having L107E mutation) were introduced by flow cytometry. The binding properties of TKMF5 and 2D10 to DOdKO cells introduced with human CD80 or a human CD80 mutant lacking the binding ability to human PD-L1 (having I92E and L104E mutations) were evaluated by flow cytometry.
- TKMG48 anti-mouse CD80 antibody
- TKMF5 anti-human CD80 antibody
- the binding affinity of anti-mouse CD80 antibody (TKMG48) for mouse CD80 soluble protein and anti-human CD80 antibody (TKMF5) for human CD80 soluble protein It was measured by biolayer interferometry. Briefly, a cDNA fragment encoding the extracellular region of mouse or human CD80 was amplified by PCR. A strep tag was added to the C-terminus of CD80. The chimeric cDNA was cloned from pEBMulti-Neo (Wako) into a modified expression vector.
- the plasmid was introduced into Plat-E cells using Avalanche-Omni Transfection Reagent (EZ Biosystems), and the culture supernatant was collected after 48 hours.
- Monomeric CD80 (with strep tag) was immobilized on a streptavidin-coated biosensor chip (Pall ForteBio) and binding of various concentrations of anti-CD80 antibody was monitored by BLItz (Pall ForteBio).
- the chip was washed with PBS and analyzed for dissociation rate. Association rate constants (ka), dissociation rate constants (kd) and dissociation constants (KD) were calculated with BLITz Pro software.
- mice PD-1-EC bind mouse PD-1-EC to mouse PD-L1 when mouse CD80 and mouse PD-L1 are present on the same antigen-presenting cell? I checked whether or not.
- Mouse PD-L1 and CD80 were introduced into DO11.10 T cells (DOdKO cells) deficient in the PD-1 and PD-L1 genes to obtain DOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80 cells.
- DOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80 cells were pretreated with 10 ⁇ g/ml of each anti-mouse CD80 antibody for 20 minutes at 37°C and subsequently stained with mouse PD-1-EC.
- Mouse PD-1-EC bound to DOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80 cells pretreated with TKMG48, but not with other antibodies (FIG. 44).
- the effect of TKMG48 pretreatment was evaluated by the following formula using the combined mean fluorescence intensity of mouse PD-1-EC. (TKMG48 treated group-control group)/(control IgG group-control group)
- the binding amount of mouse PD-1-EC to DOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80 cells pretreated with TKMG48 was about 10.1 times that in the case of pretreatment with control IgG.
- DOdKO-CD80 cells were pretreated with 10 ⁇ g/ml of each anti-mouse CD80 antibody shown in Figure 45 for 20 minutes at 4°C, followed by mouse CD28-EC, CTLA-4-EC or PD-L1-EC. Stained. The results are shown in Figure 45.
- TKMG48 strongly inhibited the binding of PD-L1-EC to CD80.
- the binding of CD28-EC to CD80 was weakly inhibited by TKMG48, whereas the binding of CTLA-4-EC to CD80 was not inhibited by TKMG48.
- 16-10A1 strongly inhibited the interaction between CD80 and CD28-EC and CD80 and PD-L1-EC, and partially inhibited the interaction between CD80 and CTLA-4-EC.
- 1G10 strongly inhibited the interaction between CD80 and CD28-EC and CD80 and PD-L1-EC, but did not inhibit the interaction between CD80 and CTLA-4-EC.
- RM80 did not inhibit the binding of CD28-EC, CTLA-4-EC and PD-L1-EC to CD80.
- TKMG48 enables PD-L1 to induce the inhibitory effect of PD-1 in the presence of CD80 and PD-L1 on the same antigen-presenting cells.
- DO11.10 T cells expressing or lacking PD-1 were stimulated with OVA 323-339 pulsed IIAdL1-CD80/CD86 or IIAdL1-CD80/CD86/PD-L1 cells.
- Anti-mouse CD80 antibody or control IgG (5 ⁇ g/ml) was added as shown in FIG. The results are shown in Figure 46.
- IL-2 production by antigen stimulated DO11.10 T cells was inhibited by PD-1 when TKMG48 was added, but not by 16-10A1 or IG10.
- TKMG48 The therapeutic effect of TKMG48 on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was evaluated.
- C57BL/6N mice were inoculated with MOG 35-55 peptide emulsified with CFA as an antigen (day 0).
- Mice were dosed intraperitoneally with 500 ⁇ g of TKMG48 or an isotype control (mouse IgG1) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 13. The results are shown in Figure 47.
- Treatment with TKMG48 significantly reduced the symptoms of EAE.
- C57BL/6N mice and C57BL/6N-Cd274 ⁇ / ⁇ mice (PD-L1 knockout mice) were inoculated with CFA-emulsified MOG 35-55 peptide as an antigen (day 0).
- mice were dosed intraperitoneally with 500 ⁇ g of TKMG48 or an isotype control (mouse IgG1) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13 and 16. The results are shown in Figure 48. Treatment with TKMG48 significantly reduced the symptoms of EAE in a PD-L1-dependent manner. These results indicate that activation of PD-1 signaling by dissociating the interaction of cis-PD-L1 and CD80 is effective in treating autoimmune diseases.
- TKMF5 The effects of TKMF5 on the interaction between CD80 and CD28, CD80 and CTLA-4, and CD80 and PD-L1 were investigated.
- Human CD80 was introduced into DO11.10 T cells (DOdPD cells) deficient in the PD-1 gene to obtain DOdPD-hCD80 cells.
- DOdPD-hCD80 cells were pretreated with 10 ⁇ g/ml TKMF5 for 20 minutes at 4° C. and subsequently stained with human CD28-EC, human CTLA-4-EC or human PD-L1-EC.
- TKMF5-pretreated DOdPD-hCD80 cells the binding strength between human CD80 and human CD28-EC and human CTLA-4-EC was 80% or more of that in the untreated control, whereas human CD80 and human PD-hCD80 The binding strength with 1-EC was less than 10% of the untreated control. This result indicates that TKMF5 inhibits the binding of human PD-L1-EC to human CD80, but not human CD28-EC and human CTLA-4-EC to human CD80.
- TKMF5 would allow PD-L1 to induce the inhibitory effect of PD-1 when CD80 and PD-L1 were present on the same antigen-presenting cells.
- IIAdL1-hCD80/hCD86 or IIAdL1-hCD80/hCD86/hPD-L1 cells pulsed with OVA peptide were combined with DO11.10 cells expressing or lacking PD-1 along with TKMF5 or isotype control IgG (10 ⁇ g /ml).
- the results are shown in Figure 49.
- Addition of TKMF5 induced a TCR-induced inhibition of IL-2 production in PD-1 expressing DO11.10 T cells, but not in PD-1 deficient cells.
- FIG. 50 shows a chimeric molecule in which IgV domain and IgC domain of mouse CD80, CD80 and CD86 are exchanged (see FIG. 13) (upper row), or a mouse CD80 mutant lacking the ability to bind to mouse PD-L1 (L96E and/or L96E and/or The result of having evaluated the binding property of TKMG48 (left) and 16-10A1 (right) with respect to the DOdKO cell which introduce
- TKMG48 and 16-10A1 recognized the IgV region of CD80 (upper row).
- the binding of TKMG48 to the CD80 mutant lacking the ability to bind PD-L1 was low (left).
- 16-10A1 showed the same degree of binding to the CD80 mutant lacking PD-L1 binding ability as wild type CD80 (right).
- FIG. 51 shows the flow of binding of TKMF5 (left) and 2D10 (right) to DOdKO cells introduced with human CD80 or a human CD80 mutant lacking the ability to bind to human PD-L1 (having I92E and L104E mutations). The result evaluated by cytometry is shown. The binding of TKMF5 to the human CD80 mutant lacking the binding ability to human PD-L1 was remarkably low (left). On the other hand, 2D10 showed the same degree of binding to human CD80 mutant lacking the ability to bind to human PD-L1 as wild-type human CD80 (right).
- TKMG48 anti-mouse CD80 antibody
- TKMF5 anti-human CD80 antibody
- the substance that promotes the binding between PD-1 and PD-1 selected from the anti-CD80 antibody and the anti-PD-L1 antibody of the present invention is used as an immunosuppressive agent, or as an autoimmune disease, an allergic disease or a graft-versus-host. It is useful for prevention and/or treatment of diseases.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質を含む免疫抑制剤に関する。
ある態様において、本開示は、配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、抗CD80抗体を提供する。
ある態様において、本開示は、配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、抗CD80抗体を提供する。
ある態様において、本開示は、CD80への結合に対して上記の抗体のいずれかと競合する抗CD80抗体を提供する。
ある態様において、本開示は、上記の抗体のいずれかを有効成分として含む免疫抑制剤を提供する。
ある態様において、本開示は、上記の抗体のいずれかを有効成分として含む、自己免疫疾患、アレルギー疾患または移植片対宿主病の予防および/または治療剤を提供する。
AlaまたはA:アラニン
ArgまたはR:アルギニン
AsnまたはN:アスパラギン
AspまたはD:アスパラギン酸
CysまたはC:システイン
GlnまたはQ:グルタミン
GluまたはE:グルタミン酸
GlyまたはG:グリシン
HisまたはH:ヒスチジン
IleまたはI:イソロイシン
LeuまたはL:ロイシン
LysまたはK:リジン
MetまたはM:メチオニン
PheまたはF:フェニルアラニン
ProまたはP:プロリン
SerまたはS:セリン
ThrまたはT:スレオニン
TrpまたはW:トリプトファン
TyrまたはY:チロシン
ValまたはV:バリン
本開示において、「トランス(trans)」とは、2つ以上の異なるタンパク質等の分子が異なる細胞上に存在することを意味する。例えば、trans-PD-L1/CD80とは、PD-L1とCD80が別々の細胞上に存在することを意味する。
配列番号7のアミノ酸配列におけるCDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3、または配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域;および/または、
配列番号8のアミノ酸配列におけるCDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3、または配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む。
配列番号15のアミノ酸配列におけるCDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3、または配列番号15のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域;および/または、
配列番号16のアミノ酸配列におけるCDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3、または配列番号16のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む。
配列番号9の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号10の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号11の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR3、
を含む重鎖可変領域;および/または、
配列番号12の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号13の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号14の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR3、
を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む。
配列番号17の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号18の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号19の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR3、
を含む重鎖可変領域;および/または、
配列番号20の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号21の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号22の配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらにより好ましくは95%以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含むCDR3、
を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む。
配列番号9の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号10の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号11の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR3、
を含む重鎖可変領域;および/または、
配列番号12の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号13の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号14の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR3、
を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む。
配列番号17の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号18の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号19の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR3、
を含む重鎖可変領域;および/または、
配列番号20の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR1、
配列番号21の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR2、および
配列番号22の配列において0、1または2個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、または付加された配列を含むCDR3、
を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む。
本明細書に開示される抗体または免疫抑制剤は、免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療に使用し得る。従って、ある態様では、抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質を有効成分として含む、免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療剤が提供される。
本明細書における「有効量」とは、対象において免疫を抑制する効果を発揮し得る量を意味する。
ある態様では、免疫の抑制において使用するための、抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質またはその物質を含む免疫抑制剤が提供される。
ある態様では、免疫を抑制するための医薬組成物の製造における、抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質またはその物質を含む免疫抑制剤の使用が提供される。
ある態様では、免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療において使用するための、抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質またはその物質を含む免疫抑制剤が提供される。
ある態様では、免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療剤の製造における、抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質の使用またはその物質を含む免疫抑制剤が提供される。
[1-1]抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質を含む免疫抑制剤。
[1-2]該物質が、CD80と同一細胞上に存在するPD-L1と、PD-1との結合を促進させる、前記[1-1]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-3]該物質が、PD-L1とPD-1との結合を約2倍以上に促進させる、前記[1-1]または[1-2]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-4]PD-1がT細胞上にあるものである、前記[1-1]~[1-3]のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-5]該物質が抗CD80抗体である、前記[1-1]~[1-4]のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-6]該抗CD80抗体が10-7M以下の平衡解離定数でCD80に結合するものである、前記[1-5]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-7]該抗CD80抗体がCD80とPD-L1とのシス結合を阻害する、前記[1-5]または[1-6]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-8]シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域と、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域を介した結合であるか、
または、シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を含む領域を介した結合である、前記[1-7]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-9]該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、前記[1-5]~[1-8]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-10]該抗CD80抗体がCD80とCTLA-4の結合を実質的に阻害しない、前記[1-5]~[1-9]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-11]該抗CD80抗体がCD80とCD28の結合を強く阻害しない、前記[1-5]~[1-10]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-12]CD80と同一細胞上に存在するPD-L1と、PD-1との結合を促進させ、かつ、CD80とCD28の結合を強く阻害しない抗CD80抗体を含む、免疫抑制剤。
(1)配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
(2)配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
(3)配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;または、
(4)配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む、前記[1-5]~[1-12]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-14]該抗CD80抗体が、
配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域
を含む、前記[1-5]~[1-13]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-15]該抗CD80抗体が、
配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、前記[1-5]~[1-13]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-16]該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号8のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、前記[1-5]~[1-14]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-17]該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号15のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号16のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、前記[1-5]~[1-13]および[1-15]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-18]該抗CD80抗体が、CD80への結合に対して前記[1-13]~[1-17]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体と競合する、前記[1-5]~[1-12]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-20]該抗PD-L1抗体が10-7M以下の平衡解離定数でPD-L1に結合するものである、前記[1-19]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-21]該抗PD-L1抗体がPD-L1とCD80とのシス結合を阻害する、前記[1-19]または[1-20]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-22]シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸と、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を介した結合であるか、
または、シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を介した結合である、前記[1-21]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-23]該抗PD-L1抗体が、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、前記[1-19]~[1-22]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-25]自己免疫疾患、アレルギー疾患または移植片対宿主病の予防および/または治療方法であって、前記[1-1]~[1-23]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤の有効量を、それを必要としている対象に投与することを含む、方法。
[1-26]自己免疫疾患、アレルギー疾患または移植片対宿主病の予防および/または治療における使用のための、前記[1-1]~[1-23]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[1-27]自己免疫疾患、アレルギー疾患または移植片対宿主病の予防および/または治療剤の製造のための、前記[1-1]~[1-23]のいずれか一項に記載の免疫抑制剤の使用。
[2-2]CD80と同一細胞上に存在するPD-L1と、PD-1との結合を促進させる、前記[2-1]に記載の抗CD80抗体または抗PD-L1抗体。
[2-3]PD-L1とPD-1との結合を約2倍以上に促進させる、前記[2-1]または[2-2]に記載の抗CD80抗体または抗PD-L1抗体。
[2-4]PD-1がT細胞上にあるものである、前記[2-1]~[2-3]のいずれか一項に記載の抗CD80抗体または抗PD-L1抗体。
[2-5]抗CD80抗体である、前記[2-1]~[2-4]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-6]10-7M以下の平衡解離定数でCD80に結合する、前記[2-5]に記載の抗体。
[2-7]CD80とPD-L1とのシス結合を阻害する、前記[2-5]または[2-6]に記載の抗体。
[2-8]シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域と、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域を介した結合であるか、
または、シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を含む領域を介した結合である、前記[2-7]に記載の抗体。
[2-9]配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、前記[2-5]~[2-8]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-10]CD80とCTLA-4の結合を実質的に阻害しない、前記[2-5]~[2-9]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-11]CD80とCD28の結合を強く阻害しない、前記[2-5]~[2-10]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-12]CD80と同一細胞上に存在するPD-L1と、PD-1との結合を促進させ、かつ、CD80とCD28の結合を強く阻害しない、抗CD80抗体。
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
(2)配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
(3)配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;または、
(4)配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む、前記[2-5]~[2-12]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域
を含む、前記[2-5]~[2-13]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-15]配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域
を含む、前記[2-5]~[2-13]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-16]該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号8のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、前記[2-5]~[2-14]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-17]該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号15のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号16のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、前記[2-5]~[2-13]および[2-15]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-18]CD80への結合に対して、前記[2-13]~[2-17]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体と競合する、前記[2-1]~[2-12]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-20]10-7M以下の平衡解離定数でPD-L1に結合する、前記[2-19]に記載の抗体。
[2-21]PD-L1とCD80とのシス結合を阻害する、前記[2-19]または[2-20]に記載の抗体。
[2-22]シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域と、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域を介した結合であるか、
または、シス結合が、少なくとも配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を含む領域を介した結合である、前記[2-21]に記載の抗体。
[2-23]配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、前記[2-19]~[2-22]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
(2)配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
(3)配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;または、
(4)配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む、抗CD80抗体。
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域
を含む、前記[2-24]に記載の抗体。
[2-26]配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域
を含む、前記[2-24]に記載の抗体。
[2-27]該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号8のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、前記[2-24]または[2-25]に記載の抗体。
[2-28]該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号15のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号16のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、前記[2-24]または[2-26]に記載の抗体。
[2-29]CD80への結合に対して、前記[2-24]~[2-28]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体と競合する、抗CD80抗体。
[2-30]配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、抗CD80抗体。
[2-31]10-7M以下の平衡解離定数でCD80に結合する、前記[2-24]~[2-30]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-32]配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、抗PD-L1抗体。
[2-33]10-7M以下の平衡解離定数でPD-L1に結合する、前記[2-32]に記載の抗体。
[2-34]モノクローナル抗体である、前記[2-1]~[2-33]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-35]単離されたモノクローナル抗体である、前記[2-1]~[2-34]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-36]前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体を含有する医薬組成物。
[2-37]免疫の抑制、または免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療のための前記[2-36]に記載の医薬組成物。
[2-39]薬学的に許容できる担体をさらに含む、前記[2-38]に記載の免疫抑制剤。
[2-40]免疫の抑制方法であって、前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体の有効量をそれを必要としている対象に投与することを含む、方法。
[2-41]免疫の抑制において使用するための、前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-42]免疫抑制剤の製造のための、前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体の使用。
[2-44]薬学的に許容できる担体をさらに含む、前記[2-43]に記載の予防および/または治療剤。
[2-45]免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療方法であって、前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体の有効量を、それを必要としている対象に投与することを含む、方法。
[2-46]免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療において使用するための、前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
[2-47]免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患の予防および/または治療剤の製造のための、前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体の使用。
[2-48]免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患が、自己免疫疾患、アレルギー疾患または移植片対宿主病である、前記[2-43]または[2-44]に記載の予防および/または治療剤、前記[2-45]に記載の方法、前記[2-46]に記載の抗体、または、前記[2-47]に記載の使用。
[2-49]免疫の亢進を特徴とする疾患が自己免疫疾患である、前記[2-48]に記載の予防および/または治療剤、方法、抗体または使用。
[2-50]自己免疫疾患が、ベーチェット病、全身性エリテマトーデス、多発性硬化症、強皮症、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎、結節性動脈周囲炎、大動脈炎症候群、悪性関節リウマチ、関節リウマチ、若年性特発性関節炎、ウェゲナー肉芽腫症、混合性結合組織病、シェーグレン症候群、成人スティル病、アレルギー性肉芽腫性血管炎、過敏性血管炎、コーガン症候群、RS3PE、側頭動脈炎、リウマチ性多発筋痛症、線維筋痛症、抗リン脂質抗体症候群、好酸球性筋膜炎、IgG4関連疾患、ギラン・バレー症候群、重症筋無力症、慢性萎縮性胃炎、自己免疫性肝炎、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、大動脈炎症候群、グッドパスチャー症候群、急速進行性糸球体腎炎、巨赤芽球性貧血、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、自己免疫性好中球減少症、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病、バセドウ病、橋本病、自己免疫性副腎機能不全、原発性甲状腺機能低下症、特発性アジソン病、I型糖尿病、緩徐進行性I型糖尿病、慢性円板状エリテマトーデス、限局性強皮症、乾癬、乾癬性関節炎、天疱瘡、類天疱瘡、妊娠性疱疹、線状IgA水疱性皮膚症、後天性表皮水疱症、円形脱毛症、白斑、尋常性白斑、アトピー性皮膚炎、視神経脊髄炎、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、サルコイドーシス、水疱性類天疱瘡、巨細胞性動脈炎、筋委縮性側索硬化症、好酸球性多発血管炎性肉芽腫症、原田病、自己免疫性視神経症、特発性無精子症、習慣性流産、炎症性腸疾患およびセリアック病からなる群から選択される、前記[2-49]に記載の予防および/または治療剤、方法、抗体または使用。
[2-51]自己免疫疾患が、I型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、全身エリテマトーデスまたは関節リウマチである、前記[2-49]または[2-50]に記載の予防および/または治療剤、方法、抗体または使用。
[2-52]自己免疫疾患が多発性硬化症である、前記[2-49]~[2-51]のいずれか一項に記載の予防および/または治療剤、方法、抗体または使用。
[2-53]多発性硬化症が全身性強皮症または進行性全身性硬化症である、前記[2-52]に記載の予防および/または治療剤、方法、抗体または使用。
[2-54]前記[2-1]~[2-35]のいずれか一項に記載の抗体をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
[2-55]前記[2-54]に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター。
[2-56]前記[2-54]に記載のポリヌクレオチドまたは前記[2-55]に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
上記の説明は、すべて非限定的なものであり、添付の特許請求の範囲において定義される本発明の範囲から逸脱せずに、変更することができる。さらに、下記の実施例は、すべて非限定的な実施例であり、本発明を説明するためだけに供されるものである。
細胞培養
DO11.10細胞、TCRα/β欠損BW-1100.129.237細胞(White, J. et al., J. Immunol. 143, 1822-5(1989))(Leszek Ignatowicz,Georgia Regents Universityにより提供された)、IIA1.6細胞、およびE.G7細胞を、10%(v/v)ウシ胎仔血清(FBS,Biowest)、0.5mMモノチオグリセロール(Wako)、2mM L-アラニル-L-グルタミンジペプチド(Gibco)、100U/mLペニシリン(Nacalai Tesque)、および100μg/mLストレプトマイシン(Nacalai tesque)を添加したRPMI1640培地(Gibco)中で維持した。Plat-E細胞を、10%(v/v)FBS、100U/mLペニシリン(Nacalai Tesque)および100μg/mLストレプトマイシン(Nacalai tesque)を添加したダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(D'MEM,Invitrogen)中で維持した。
cDNAのフラグメントをPCRで増幅し、pFB-ires-Neo(Agilent)から改変したレトロウイルス発現プラスミドベクターにクローン化した。マウスおよびヒトPD-L1変異体のプラスミドライブラリーを作成するため、PD-L1のIgVドメインを400μM MnCl2を含むThermo-Start Taq DNA polymerase(Thermo Fisher Scientific)によって増幅し、pFB-ires-Neoにクローン化した。部位特異的変異を有するPD-L1変異体およびCD80変異体をオーバーハングPCRによって作製した。発現レベルを制御するため、cDNAのフラグメントをpSUPER.retro.puro(OligoEngine)から改変したレトロウイルス発現プラスミドベクター(プロモーター領域をEF-1α(ヒト伸長因子-1アルファ)、CAG、CMVおよびMC1プロモーターに交換した)にクローン化した。プラスミドを、20%(v/v)FBS、100U/mlペニシリン(Nacalai Tesque)および100μg/mlストレプトマイシン(Nacalai tesque)を添加したD'MEM(高グルコース)(Gibco)中で培養されたPlat-E細胞にFuGENE(登録商標) HD(Promega)を用いて遺伝子導入し、ウイルスを含む上清を用いて遺伝子を標的細胞に形質導入した。感染細胞を、G418(Wako)、ピューロマイシン(Sigma-aldrich)、Zeocin(InvivoGen)またはブラストサイジン(InvivoGen)を用いて選択した。
PD-1が欠損したIIA1.6細胞、PD-1、PD-L1、CD28が欠損したDO11.10細胞、PD-1が欠損したBW-1100.129.237をCRISPR/Cas9システムを用いて作製した。ガイドRNA配列を下表に示す。ガイドRNA配列をpEF-BOS-Cas9-U6-guide(これは、ヒトEF-1α-プロモーター下でD10A変異を有するか、または有さないヒト化cas9 cDNA(Addgene)を発現し、逆方向のU6プロモーター下でガイドRNAを発現するようにpEF-BOS(Mizushima, S. & Nagata, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 5322(1990))から改変された)にクローン化した。プラスミドを細胞にエレクトロポレーション(Nucleofector II(登録商標),Lonza)によって遺伝子導入した。標的遺伝子の発現が消失している細胞を、セルソーター(MoFlo XDP,Beckman Coulter)を用いてソートした。細胞のクローンを限界希釈法によって取得し、標的遺伝子の機能欠失変異およびその発現の欠如を、それぞれ配列決定法およびフローサイトメトリーによって確認した。
C57BL/6NマウスをSLCから購入し、環境制御されたクリーンルームにおいて特定病原体除去条件下で飼育した。週齢および性別が一致したマウスを各実験に用いた。全てのマウスのプロトコルは徳島大学の動物実験委員会によって認可された。
Cas9 mRNA、gRNAおよび一本鎖オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド(ssODN)をC57BL/6N接合体にエレクトロポレーションによって従前記述されるように導入することによって(Hashimoto, M. & Takemoto, T., Sci. Rep. 5, 11315(2015))、C57BL/6N-Cd274-/-(PD-L1ノックアウトマウス)、C57BL/6N-Cd80-/-、C57BL/6N-Cd274Y56AおよびC57BL/6N-Cd80L107Eマウスを作製した。C57BL/6N-Cd80-/-、C57BL/6N-Cd274Y56AおよびC57BL/6N-Cd80L107Eマウスの作製に使用したガイドRNAおよびssODNのヌクレオチド配列を下表に示す。C57BL/6N-Cd274-/-マウスには1個のヌクレオチドが挿入され、これはY56での未成熟終止コドンの生成をもたらす。C57BL/6N-Cd80-/-マウスには1個のヌクレオチドが挿入され、これはG109でのフレームシフト、20個の無関係なアミノ酸の付加、および未成熟終止コドンの生成をもたらす。第1世代のモザイクマウスをC57BL/6N野生型マウスと交配し、ヘテロ接合体マウスを取得し、ヘテロ接合体マウス同士を交配して、ホモ接合体マウスを取得した。CD80用の5'-GAGACACTATCTCTAAAAAT-3'および5'-TTAGTAGAGGTCTCCACCTT-3'プライマーセット、ならびにPD-L1用の5'-GTTCATGTGATTCCCTAAAT-3'および5'-CTGAAGTTGCTGTGCTGAGG-3'プライマーセットをゲノムフラグメントの増幅に用いた。増幅したフラグメントを配列決定し(ABI Prism(登録商標) 3700 DNA Analyzer,Thermo Fisher Scientific)、または制限長多型解析に使用した。
DO11.10 T細胞(5×104細胞/ウェル)を96ウェル丸底プレート(BD Bioscinences)中において、所定量のOVA323-339ペプチド(ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR,>95%純度,Sigma-Aldrich Japanまたはeurofins genomics)をパルスしたIIAdL1細胞(1×104細胞/ウェル)で12~14時間刺激した。BW-1100.129.237細胞のPD-1遺伝子をCRISPR/Cas9システムを用いてノックアウトすることによって、BW-Pdcd1-/-細胞を作製した。BW-Pdcd1-/-細胞を、CD8α/CD8β/OT-I TCRまたはCD4/OT-II TCRと共にCD3δ、CD3ζ、CD28およびPD-1で再構成し、BW-OT-I細胞またはBW-OT-II細胞をそれぞれ作製した。BW-OT-I細胞およびBW-OT-II細胞(2.5×104細胞/ウェル)を96ウェル丸底プレート中において、所定量のMHCI拘束性OVA257-264ペプチド(SIINFEKL,>98%純度,MBL)またはMHCII拘束性OVA323-339ペプチドをパルスしたBM-DCまたは脾臓DC(5×103細胞/ウェル)で12~14時間刺激した。1μg/mlの抗PD-L1抗体(1-111A)、5μg/mlの抗PD-L2抗体(TY25)またはラットIgG2aアイソタイプ対照(RTK2758,Biolegend)を、その表記がある場合に添加した。培地の上清におけるIL-2の濃度をELISA(Biolegend)で決定した。PD-1を介する阻害を、PD-1の機能が発動される条件とされない条件でIL-2の量を比較することによって計算した。
培養細胞および初代細胞を、図中に示す抗体または可溶性キメラタンパク質で染色した。脾細胞について、細胞を染色する前に、LPS(1μg/ml,Escherichia coli O111:B4,Merck)またはpoly(I:C)(20μg/ml,Merk)で16~18時間刺激した。マウスCD8α(5H10)、CD28(37.51)、PD-L1(1-111A,MIH5)に対する抗体をThermo Fisher Scientificから購入した。マウスPD-1(RMP1-30)、MHCII(M5/114.15.2)、B220(RA3-6B2)、F4/80(BM8)、CD80(16-10A1)、CD86(GL-1)、DYKDDDDKタグ(L5)、CD19(6D5)、CD3e(17A2)、CD4(RM4-5)、CD8α(53-6.7)、CD11b(M1/70)、CD11c(N418)およびCD317(927)に対する抗体をBiolegendから購入した。ストレプトアビジン-フィコエリトリン(PE)およびストレプトアビジン-アロフィコシアニン(APC)をBiolegendから購入した。ラットIgG2a(RTK2758)、ラットIgG2b(RTK4530)、およびハムスターIgG(HTK888)のアイソタイプ対照抗体をBiolegendから購入した。他の記述がない限り、30μg/mlビオチン化1-111AをマウスPD-L1の検出のために用いた。可溶性キメラタンパク質の調製のために、マウスPD-1(アミノ酸1-167)、ヒトPD-1(アミノ酸1-167)、マウスCD28(アミノ酸1-149)およびマウスCTLA-4(アミノ酸1-162)の細胞外領域をコードするcDNAフラグメントをPCRで増幅した。DYKDDDDKタグを含む軟骨オリゴマーマトリックスタンパク質の5本鎖コイルドコイルドメイン(Terskikh, A. V et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 1663-8(1997))を各タンパク質のC末端に融合し、キメラcDNAをpEBMulti-Neo(Wako)から改変した発現ベクターにクローン化した。プラスミドを293T細胞またはPlat-E細胞に、Avalanche-Omniトランスフェクション試薬(EZ Biosystems)を用いて遺伝子導入し、培養上清を48および96時間後に回収した。上清を希釈し、染色に用いた。細胞上のキメラタンパク質の結合を、抗DYKDDDDKタグ抗体(L5)によって検出した。データをGallios(Beckman Coulter)を用いて取得し、FlowJo(Tree Star)を用いて分析した。
DYKDDDDKタグをPD-L1およびPD-L1Y56AのC末端に融合した。ヒトERαタンパク質(HC-20,Santa Cruz Biotechnology)に対するウサギポリクローナル抗体によって認識されたSHSLQKYYITGEAEGFPATAタグ(hERタグ)をCD80、CD80L107EおよびCD86のC末端に融合した。所定の組合せでタグ化タンパク質を発現するIIAdL1細胞をPBSで広範に洗浄し、水溶性で非開裂型の、膜不透過性の架橋剤であるBS3(1mM,Thermo Fisher Scientific)で30分間処理した。25mM Trisで架橋反応を停止させた後、細胞を1%NP-40を含む溶解バッファーで溶解した。DYKDDDDKタグで標識されたタンパク質を、抗FLAG M2アガロースビーズ(Merk)で免疫沈降させ、還元条件のSDS-PAGEで分離し、PVDF膜に転写した。DYKDDDDKタグおよびhERタグで標識されたタンパク質を抗DYKDDDDK抗体(L5)およびHC-20抗体、次いでIRDye800-抗ラットIgG(H+L)およびIRDye680-抗ウサギIgG(H+L)(LI-COR Biosciences)抗体で検出した。膜上の蛍光信号をOdysseyイメージングシステム(LI-COR Biosciences)で検出した。
BM細胞をマウスの大腿骨および脛骨から回収し、10%(v/v)FBS、0.5mMモノチオグリセロール、2mM L-アラニル-L-グルタミンジペプチド、100U/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン、および20ng/ml組換えマウスGM-CSF(Biolegend)を添加したRPMI1640培地中で培養した。4日目に培地の3分の2を新鮮な培地に交換した。6日目に非接着性細胞を回収し、マウスの免疫実験にはCD11c+細胞、インビトロでの共培養実験にはCD86+細胞を、BD iMag Cell Separation System(BD Biosciences)で分取した。単離した細胞をLPS(1μg/ml)で刺激した。E.G7を有するマウスの樹状細胞ワクチン療法では、100μg/mlのOVAタンパク質(低エンドトキシン、Wako)を添加した。16~18時間後に非接着性細胞を回収し、さらなる実験に用いた。
ナイーブマウスに2mlの3% Brewerチオグリコレート培地(BD Biosciences)を腹腔内投与した。4日後に腹腔滲出細胞を回収し、組織培養プレートに37℃で2時間播種した。浮遊細胞を広範に洗い流し、強く接着した細胞をLPS(1μg/ml)で16~18時間刺激し、フローサイトメトリー分析に用いた。インビトロでの共培養アッセイのために、F4/80+細胞をセルソーターで精製した(>95%純度)。
脾臓をコラゲナーゼ(1mg/ml,Wako)で20分間37℃で処理し、粉砕し、単一細胞懸濁液を調製した。赤血球溶解後、脾細胞全体をLPS(1μg/ml)で16~18時間刺激した。細胞を回収し、bio-CD11c抗体およびその後にPE-ストレプトアビジンで染色し、CD11c+細胞を抗PE磁気粒子およびBD iMag Cell Separation Systemで濃縮した。B220-F4/80-CD3-CD11c+CD8α+CD11b-細胞(CD8α+DC)またはB220-F4/80-CD3-CD11c+CD8α-CD11b+細胞(CD11b+DC)をセルソーターで分取し(それぞれCD8α+DC;>85%純度およびCD11b+DC;>90%純度)、インビトロでの共培養アッセイの抗原提示細胞として使用した。
マウスPD-L1およびCD80の構造を、それぞれヒトPD-L1(PDB ID: 4Z18)およびマウスCD80のIgVドメイン(PDB ID: 4RWH)の既報の構造に基づいて、SWISS-MODEL(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)によって予測した。ヒトCD80(PDB ID: 1DR9)およびCD86(PDB ID: 1NCN)の構造を、UCSFキメラソフトウェアによって解析した。
フロイント完全アジュバント(BD Biosciences)中で乳化させたOVAタンパク質(100μg)を抗原としてナイーブマウスの足蹠に接種した。抗原を接種した1週間後に、膝窩リンパ節由来の5×105個の細胞を、OVAタンパク質(100μg/ml)、OVA257-264ペプチド(100nM)およびOVA323-339ペプチド(3μM)で48時間刺激した。培養上清におけるIL-2およびIFN-γの濃度を、ELISA(Biolegend)で決定した。
0日目に、マウスの剪毛した左側腹部に5×105個のE.G7リンパ腫細胞を皮下投与した。5日目および12日目に、PBS中でpoly(I:C)(50μg)と混合したOVAタンパク質(100μg)を腫瘍付近に皮下接種した。あるいは、3日目および10日目に、OVAタンパク質をパルスした、4.5×105個のLPS活性化BM-DCを腫瘍付近に皮下接種した。腫瘍のサイズを3日毎にノギスで測定した。腫瘍の体積を以下の式を用いて計算した:1/2×(短径)2×(長経)。
EAEの誘導を、既存のプロトコル(Stromnes, I. M. & Goverman, Nat. Protoc. 1, 1810-1819(2006))に従って誘導した。簡潔に述べると、0日目にマウスを、Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37RA(200μg,BD Biosciences)を添加したフロイント不完全アジュバント(BD Biosciences)中で乳化させたMOG35-55ペプチド(200μg、MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK,>95%純度,Eurofins)を抗原として、皮下に接種した。0および2日目に、200ngの百日咳毒素(List Biological Laboratories)を腹腔内投与した。臨床スコアをブラインドで以下のように毎日評価した:0、臨床徴候なし;1、足を引きずっている;2、後肢の脱力;3、後肢のまひ;4、後肢および前肢のまひ;5、瀕死状態。インビトロでのリコール反応を評価するために、抗原を接種した7日後に1×106個のマウスの脾細胞を、5または50μg/mlのMOG35-55ペプチドで66時間刺激した。培養上清におけるIL-17Aの濃度をELISA(Thermo Fisher Scientific)で決定した。
対応のないスチューデントの両側t検定を2群間の比較に用いた。事後検定を伴う一元配置分散分析または二元配置分散分析を多重比較に用いた。p<0.05を統計的に有意であると見なした。図中、エラーバーはs.e.mを示す。図1~12、17、19、21~28および30~34は、3回以上の独立した実験の代表的なデータを示す。
試験1:cis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用による、PD-L1/PD-1結合およびその後のPD-1を介する阻害の妨害
PD-L1を発現し、PD-L2を発現しないIIA1.6細胞において、CRISPR/Cas9システムを用いてPD-L1遺伝子をノックアウトし、IIAdL1細胞を得た。IIAdL1細胞にPD-L1、PD-L2、CD80およびCD86を様々な組合せで過剰発現させ、可溶性のマウスPD-1細胞外領域(PD-1-EC)タンパク質で染色することにより、PD-1結合能を評価した(図1)。PD-1-ECのPD-L1との結合は、IIAdL1-PD-L1細胞においてCD80の同時発現によって強力に遮断され、CD86の同時発現ではされなかった(図1上段)。この結果は、CD80が同じ抗原提示細胞上のPD-L1と相互作用し、このcis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用がPD-L1/PD-1結合を妨害することを示す。一方、PD-1-ECのPD-L2との結合は、IIAdL1-PD-L2細胞において、CD80およびCD86の同時発現によって影響されなかった(図1下段)。IIAdL1-CD80細胞のIIAdL1-PD-L1細胞への添加(これは、cis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用ではなく、trans-PD-L1/CD80相互作用を可能にする)は、PD-1-ECのIIAdL1-PD-L1細胞との結合に影響を与えなかった(図2)。この結果は、PD-L1/PD-1結合を妨害するためにはCD80がPD-L1と同じ細胞上に発現される必要があることを示す。注目すべきことに、cis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用はCD80/CD28結合およびCD80/CTLA-4結合を妨害しなかった(データ示さず)。細胞表面上の隣接するタンパク質を細胞不透過性の架橋剤で架橋すると、CD80はPD-L1と共免疫沈降し、CD86はしなかった(図3)。この結果は、PD-L1とCD80のcis相互作用をさらに支持する。
インビボにおけるcis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用を調べるために、活性化CD8α+およびCD11b+脾臓DCならびにチオグリコール酸誘導性腹腔MΦ(TG-MΦ)を分析した(図9)。興味深いことに、PD-L1発現レベルが共通して高いにもかかわらず(図9、2段目)、3種の細胞集団のPD-1-EC結合強度は大きく異なり、TG-MΦはPD-1-ECに強く結合したが、CD8α+DCはPD-1-ECに弱く結合し、CD11b+DCはPD-1-ECにほとんど結合しなかった(図9、最上段)。注目すべきことに、CD8α+およびCD11b+DC上のCD80の発現レベルは、TG-MΦ上のCD80の発現レベルよりもはるかに高かった(図9、最下段)。
他の機能を保持するが、CD80に結合できないPD-L1変異体、および、PD-L1に結合できないCD80変異体の単離を試みた。PD-L1、PD-L2、CD80およびCD86各々のIgVドメインおよびIgCドメインを交換したキメラ分子の結合の特徴を解析することにより、PD-L1およびCD80のIgVドメインがそれらの相互作用に関与していることを解明した(図13、14)。エラープローンPCRを用いてPD-L1のIgVドメインにランダム変異を導入し、IIAdL1-CD80細胞にこれらの変異体を過剰発現させ、セルソーティングにより、PD-1-EC結合能を獲得した細胞を分取した。これらの細胞から単離したPD-L1変異体は、V54、Y56およびE58に高い変異率を有していた(図15上段)。マウスPD-L1の3D構造を予測すると、これらのアミノ酸残基はPD-L1のC鎖に位置することが示された。このC鎖は、PD-1が相互作用する表面に近接している(Lin, D. Y.-W. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105, 3011-6(2008))(図16左)。これらの結果は、PD-L1/CD80の相互作用表面が、PD-L1/PD-1の相互作用表面と部分的に重複していることを示唆する。Y56での一連の点変異を調べたところ(図15下段)、Y56A変異体がCD80の存在下および非存在下でPD-1-ECに同等に結合し(図17左)、IIAdL1細胞において野生型PD-L1と同程度の発現レベルを示したため(図17右)、PD-L1Y56Aを以後の分析に使用した。
PD-1を介する阻害効果のcis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用による減弱がヒトにおいても同様に生じるか否かを調べるため、ヒトオルソログを用いて同様の実験を行った。マウス分子と同様に、ヒトCD80はヒトPD-L1に結合し、ヒトPD-L1のヒトPD-1との結合を減弱したが、これらはヒトCD86では起こらなかった(図25および26)。ヒトCD80はヒトPD-L1と共免疫沈降されたが、ヒトCD86はされなかった(図27)。さらにヒトCD80とヒトPD-L1のcis相互作用は、ヒトPD-L1がヒトPD-1の阻害機能を誘発することを妨害した(図28)。cis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用を欠き、PD-1の機能を制限できない、ヒトCD80変異体およびヒトPD-L1変異体の単離にも成功した(図29および30)。ヒトPD-L1N63D/G119S変異体は、ヒトCD80の非存在下でPD-1を介する阻害を野生型ヒトPD-L1と同程度に誘発し(図30上段)、ヒトCD80存在下でもPD-1を介する阻害を誘発した(図30中段)。また、ヒトCD80L104E変異体は、PD-L1によるPD-1を介する阻害の誘発を妨げることができなかった(図30下段)。
インビボにおけるcis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用の生物学的意義を調べるために、PD-L1Y56AおよびCD80L107EのノックインマウスをCRISPR/Cas9システムを用いて作製した(C57BL/6N-Cd274Y56AマウスおよびC57BL/6N-Cd80L107Eマウス)。C57BL/6N-Cd274Y56AマウスおよびC57BL/6N-Cd80L107Eマウスは正常に生まれ、明白に現れる障害はなく、健常に発育した。これらのノックインマウス由来の活性化CD8α+DC、CD11b+DCおよびGM-CSF誘導性骨髄由来樹状細胞(BM-DC)は、野生型マウス由来のこれらの細胞と比較して、CD80、PD-L1およびPD-L2の発現レベルが同等であるにもかかわらず、はるかに強いPD-1-EC結合能を示した(図31)。また、これらの細胞上のCD86およびMHCIIの発現レベルも同程度であった。野生型マウス由来の活性化DCは、BW-OT-IおよびBW-OT-II細胞の活性化に対してPD-1の阻害効果をほとんど誘発しなかったが、C57BL/6N-Cd274Y56AマウスおよびC57BL/6N-Cd80L107Eマウス由来の活性化DCは阻害効果を誘発した(図32~34)。
[材料と方法]
可溶性タンパク質
マウスCD80の細胞外領域をコードするcDNA断片をPCRで増幅し、ヒトIgG1のFc領域(hIgG1Fc)と融合させた。pEFBOSneoから改変した発現ベクターにキメラcDNAをクローニングした。Avalanche-Omni Transfection Reagent(EZ Biosystems)を用いてプラスミドをPlat-E細胞に導入し、培養上清を48時間後に回収した。マウスCD80-hIgG1FcをプロテインG(GE Healthcare)で精製した。
C57BL/6N-Cd80-/-マウスを、環境制御されたクリーンルームにおいて特定病原体除去条件下で飼育した。全てのマウスのプロトコルは徳島大学の動物実験委員会によって認可された。
マウスCD80-hIgG1Fcタンパク質を抗原として接種して免疫応答を誘導したC57BL/6N-Cd80-/-マウスのリンパ節細胞をSP2/o細胞と電気的細胞融合(LF301, BEX)により融合させた。ハイブリドーマクローンの培養上清を、cis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用を解離させる能力について試験した。
ヒトCD80-hIgG1Fcタンパク質(R&D Systems)を抗原として接種して免疫応答を誘導したBALB/cマウスのリンパ節細胞をSP2/o細胞とセンダイウイルス外被(GenomONE-CF, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha)を用いて融合させた。ハイブリドーマクローンの培養上清を、cis-PD-L1/CD80相互作用を解離させる能力について試験した。
DO11.10 T細胞(5×104個/ウェル)を、図中に示す量のOVA323-339ペプチド(ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR, >95% 純度, Sigma-Aldrich Japan または eurofins genomics)でパルスしたIIAdL1細胞(1×104個/ウェル)で12~14時間刺激した。5μg/mlの抗マウスCD80抗体(TKMG48、1G10(BD bioscience)、RM80(Biorad))、マウスIgG1アイソタイプ対照(MOPC-21, Biolegend)、抗ヒトCD80抗体(TKMF5)およびマウスIgG2aアイソタイプ対照(MOPC-173, Biolegend)を後述の通りに添加した。培養上清中のIL-2の濃度をELISA(Biolegend)により測定した。
結核菌H37RA(200μg、BD Biosciences)を含むフロイント不完全アジュバント(BD Biosciences)で乳化したMOG35-55ペプチド(200μg, MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK, >95% 純度, Eurofins)を皮下接種することで、マウスを免疫した(0日目)。0日目と2日目に、百日咳毒素(200ng, List Biological Laboratories)を腹腔内投与した。図47および図48中に示す通り、500μgの抗マウスCD80抗体(TKMG48)またはアイソタイプ対照マウスIgG1(MOPC21, Bio X cell)を腹腔内投与した。臨床スコアをブラインドで以下のように毎日評価した:0、臨床徴候なし;1、足を引きずっている;2、後肢の脱力;3、後肢のまひ;4、後肢および前肢のまひ;5、瀕死状態。
マウスCD80、CD80およびCD86のIgVドメインおよびIgCドメインを交換したキメラ分子(図13参照)、あるいはマウスPD-L1との結合能を欠くマウスCD80変異体(L96Eおよび/またはL107E変異を有する)を導入したDOdKO細胞に対するTKMG48および16-10A1の結合性をフローサイトメトリーによって評価した。ヒトCD80、あるいはヒトPD-L1との結合能を欠くヒトCD80変異体(I92EおよびL104E変異を有する)を導入したDOdKO細胞に対するTKMF5および2D10の結合性をフローサイトメトリーによって評価した。
マウスCD80可溶性タンパク質に対する抗マウスCD80抗体(TKMG48)およびヒトCD80可溶性タンパク質に対する抗ヒトCD80抗体(TKMF5)の結合親和性を、バイオレイヤー干渉法にて測定した。簡潔に述べると、マウスまたはヒトCD80の細胞外領域をコードするcDNA断片を、PCRにより増幅した。strepタグをCD80のC末端に付加した。キメラcDNAを、pEBMulti-Neo (Wako)から改変した発現ベクターにクローニングした。Avalanche-Omni Transfection Reagent(EZ Biosystems)を使用してプラスミドをPlat-E細胞に導入し、培養上清を48時間後に回収した。単量体のCD80(strepタグ付き)を、ストレプトアビジン被覆バイオセンサーチップ(Pall ForteBio)に固定し、様々な濃度の抗CD80抗体の結合をBLItz(Pall ForteBio)でモニターした。チップをPBSで洗浄し、解離速度を分析した。結合速度定数(ka)、解離速度定数(kd)および解離定数(KD)をBLItz Proソフトウェアで算出した。
抗CD80抗体による免疫抑制
同一の抗原提示細胞上にマウスCD80とマウスPD-L1が存在するときに、抗マウスCD80抗体により、マウスPD-1-ECがマウスPD-L1に結合できるようになるか否かを調べた。マウスPD-L1およびCD80を、PD-1およびPD-L1の遺伝子を欠損させたDO11.10 T細胞(DOdKO細胞)に導入し、DOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80細胞を得た。DOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80細胞を10μg/mlの各抗マウスCD80抗体により20分間37℃で前処理し、続いてマウスPD-1-ECで染色した。マウスPD-1-ECは、TKMG48で前処理したDOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80細胞に結合したが、他の抗体で前処理しても結合しなかった(図44)。マウスPD-1-ECの結合平均蛍光強度を用いて以下の算出式でTKMG48前処理の効果を評価した。
(TKMG48処置群-コントロール群)/(対照IgG群-コントロール群)
TKMG48で前処理したDOdKO-mPD-L1/mCD80細胞に対するマウスPD-1-ECの結合量は、対照IgGで前処理した場合と比較して、約10.1倍であった。これらの結果は、同一の抗原提示細胞上にマウスCD80とマウスPD-L1が存在するときに、TKMG48がマウスPD-1-ECをマウスPD-L1に結合させることを示す。
Claims (22)
- 抗CD80抗体および抗PD-L1抗体から選択されるPD-L1とPD-1との結合を促進させる物質を含む免疫抑制剤。
- 該物質が、CD80と同一細胞上に存在するPD-L1と、PD-1との結合を促進させる、請求項1に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該物質が抗CD80抗体である、請求項1または2に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗CD80抗体がCD80とPD-L1とのシス結合を阻害する、請求項3に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトCD80の第92位のイソロイシンおよび/または第104位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスCD80の第96位のロイシンおよび/または第107位のロイシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、請求項3または4に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗CD80抗体がCD80とCTLA-4の結合を実質的に阻害しない、請求項3~5のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域
を含む、請求項3~6のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制剤。 - 該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域;および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項3~6のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制剤。 - 該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号8のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項7に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗CD80抗体が、配列番号15のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号16のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項8に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗CD80抗体が、CD80への結合に対して請求項7~10のいずれかに記載の抗体と競合する、請求項3に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該物質が抗PD-L1抗体である、請求項1または2に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗PD-L1抗体がPD-L1とCD80とのシス結合を阻害する、請求項12に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 該抗PD-L1抗体が、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD-L1の第63位のアスパラギンおよび/または第119位のグリシンに相当するアミノ酸を含む領域、または、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するマウスPD-L1の第54位のバリン、第56位のチロシンおよび/または第58位のグルタミン酸に相当するアミノ酸を含む領域に結合する、請求項12または13に記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 自己免疫疾患、アレルギー疾患または移植片対宿主病の予防および/または治療における使用のための、請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制剤。
- 配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、抗CD80抗体。 - 配列番号17のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2および配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、および、
配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2および配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、抗CD80抗体。 - 配列番号7のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号8のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項16に記載の抗CD80抗体。
- 配列番号15のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号16のアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項17に記載の抗CD80抗体。
- CD80への結合に対して、請求項16~19のいずれかに記載の抗体と競合する、抗CD80抗体。
- 請求項16~20のいずれかに記載の抗体を有効成分として含む免疫抑制剤。
- 請求項16~20のいずれかに記載の抗体を有効成分として含む、自己免疫疾患、アレルギー疾患または移植片対宿主病の予防および/または治療剤。
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| EP19892481.3A EP3892299A4 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-12-06 | IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT |
| US17/311,148 US12234289B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-12-06 | Immunosuppresive agent |
| JP2020560066A JP7457330B2 (ja) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-12-06 | 免疫抑制剤 |
| JP2024034890A JP7751858B2 (ja) | 2018-12-07 | 2024-03-07 | 免疫抑制剤 |
| US19/017,160 US20250145719A1 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2025-01-10 | Immunosuppresive agent |
| JP2025154993A JP2025186411A (ja) | 2018-12-07 | 2025-09-18 | 免疫抑制剤 |
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| WO2025091089A1 (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2025-05-08 | Monash University | Antibodies for binding to cd80 |
| WO2025091087A1 (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2025-05-08 | Monash University | Bispecific proteins |
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| US12312405B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2025-05-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Anti-PD-1 antibodies |
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| EP3892299A1 (en) | 2021-10-13 |
| JPWO2020116636A1 (ja) | 2021-10-21 |
| EP3892299A4 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
| US12234289B2 (en) | 2025-02-25 |
| JP7457330B2 (ja) | 2024-03-28 |
| JP2025186411A (ja) | 2025-12-23 |
| JP7751858B2 (ja) | 2025-10-09 |
| JP2024056050A (ja) | 2024-04-19 |
| US20250145719A1 (en) | 2025-05-08 |
| US20220025051A1 (en) | 2022-01-27 |
| TW202034951A (zh) | 2020-10-01 |
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