WO2020143363A1 - 低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构和摩擦盘 - Google Patents

低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构和摩擦盘 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020143363A1
WO2020143363A1 PCT/CN2019/122626 CN2019122626W WO2020143363A1 WO 2020143363 A1 WO2020143363 A1 WO 2020143363A1 CN 2019122626 W CN2019122626 W CN 2019122626W WO 2020143363 A1 WO2020143363 A1 WO 2020143363A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speed measuring
shaft end
measuring gear
friction disc
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/122626
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘洋
张月军
张会杰
刘伟
周小江
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201910023564.XA external-priority patent/CN109733433B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910040119.4A external-priority patent/CN109703589B/zh
Application filed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Priority to EP19908455.9A priority Critical patent/EP3909828B1/en
Priority to JP2021523004A priority patent/JP7134347B2/ja
Publication of WO2020143363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143363A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00—Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/20—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00—Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/20—Details
    • B61F15/28—Axle-boxes modified to ensure electrical conductivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00—Details of instruments
    • G01P1/02—Housings
    • G01P1/026—Housings for speed measuring devices, e.g. pulse generator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail transportation, in particular to a low-floor vehicle, a bogie and its shaft end structure and friction disc.
  • low-floor vehicles are widely favored for their simple structure and strong ability to adapt to the environment.
  • the shaft end has a compact structure, narrow space, and relatively many functional requirements.
  • the arrangement of the shaft end speed sensor and grounding device has certain design difficulties.
  • the solution in the prior art is to arrange different sensors on different axle ends of the bogie, which is limited by its own structure. This solution increases the complexity of the entire bogie and increases the difficulty of vehicle wiring.
  • the present invention provides a low-floor vehicle, a bogie, and its shaft end structure.
  • the shaft end structure is optimized for speed measurement and grounding functions, and fully utilizes the shaft end assembly space, which greatly reduces the wiring difficulty And bogie complexity.
  • the bogie axle end structure provided by the present invention includes a speed measuring gear and a friction disc; wherein, the speed measuring gear with a through hole in the middle is used for fixed connection with the end surface of the wheel, and the outer end surface of the speed measuring gear has a number of speed measuring teeth uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction;
  • the friction disc is fixedly connected to the speed measuring gear, and is specifically arranged on the outer end surface of the speed measuring gear on the radial outer periphery of the speed measuring tooth; the front cover of the shaft end is installed outside the speed measuring gear and the friction disc,
  • the central part of the body is used to fixedly connect with the axle end of the axle through the middle through hole of the speed measuring gear, and the front cover of the axle end is provided with speeds respectively corresponding to the speed measuring tooth and the friction disc Sensor interface and brush interface.
  • the speed measuring gear has an inner concave ring groove, and an inner side of the ring groove has a speed measuring tooth body extending axially, the speed measuring tooth body has an annular outer end surface configured with the speed measuring tooth;
  • the speed measuring gear outside the ring groove is fitted and fixed, and has a limit portion extending axially from the inner edge of its body, the limit portion is inserted into the ring groove to establish the radial positioning of the two .
  • the middle part of the front cover of the shaft end has an axially extending middle ring body inserted between the inner hole of the friction disc and the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body; and the middle ring body Between the outer peripheral surface of the friction disk and the inner hole of the friction disc, and/or between the inner hole of the middle ring body and the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body, there is a third dynamic seal pair.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body is provided with a third seal mounting groove, and the third seal is provided in the third seal mounting groove to form the inner hole of the middle ring body and the speed measuring tooth The third dynamic seal pair between the outer peripheral surfaces of the body.
  • the middle ring body is configured such that when the front end cover of the shaft end is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the axle, the middle ring body is axially pressed against the groove bottom of the ring groove.
  • the speed measuring gear has a convex ring formed axially extending from the body thereof, for pressing against the bearing outer ring between the wheel and the axle.
  • the friction disc and the speed measuring gear are fixedly connected by a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed thread fasteners.
  • the invention also provides a bogie, which includes a matched axle and wheels, and also includes the axle end structure of the bogie as described above; a speed sensor and a grounding device are fixedly arranged on the front cover of the axle end, wherein The signal processing end of the speed sensor is inserted into the speed sensor interface to obtain the rotation speed of the wheel; the brush of the grounding device extends through the brush interface to fit with the friction disc to achieve ground conduction .
  • the central part of the body of the front cover of the shaft end is inserted into the through hole of the middle part of the speed measuring gear, and a plurality of threaded fasteners are fixedly connected to the shaft end of the axle.
  • the invention also provides a low-floor vehicle including the bogie as described above.
  • the present invention innovatively integrates the grounding function and the speed measurement function at one axle end of the bogie.
  • a plurality of speed measuring teeth uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are provided for adapting to the speed sensor to monitor the wheel speed;
  • the outer side of the speed measuring gear on the radially outer side of the speed measuring tooth A friction disc adapted to the brush of the grounding device is fixedly arranged to realize grounding conduction;
  • the front cover of the shaft end mounted on the outer side of the speed measuring gear and the friction disc is fixed to the axle end of the axle via the through hole in the middle of the speed measuring gear It is connected, and a speed sensor interface and a brush interface respectively provided with the speed measuring tooth and the friction disc are opened on the connection.
  • the radial inner side of the axle end of the bogie is a speed measuring tooth
  • the radial outer side is a friction disc
  • the present invention makes full use of the shaft end space to integrate the grounding function and the speed measurement function into a bogie shaft end, which has the characteristics of simple and reliable structure, thereby reducing the complexity of bogie design, and providing technology for effectively reducing the manufacturing cost of the whole vehicle Guarantee;
  • the grounding function and speed measurement function are integrated into the axle end of a bogie, which further reduces the difficulty of wiring.
  • an inner concave ring groove is provided in the speed measuring gear, and the speed measuring teeth and the friction disc are located on the inner and outer sides of the ring groove in the radial direction, and the friction disc has an axial extension from the inner edge of its body
  • the limiting part can be inserted into the ring groove.
  • the radial positioning between the friction disc and the speed measuring gear is established, which can form a pre-assembly position before the two are assembled and fixed to ensure the accuracy of assembly;
  • the assembly pre-positioning function is integrated into the speed measuring gear body to further improve To improve the compactness of the overall structure, on the basis of not increasing the use space, supplemented by the function of ensuring assembly accuracy.
  • the convex ring formed by the speed measuring gear extending axially from its body is used to press against the outer ring of the bearing between the wheel and the axle; that is to say, the shaft end structure of this solution is based on reliable grounding and speed measuring functions. , It also has the function of positioning the bearing between the conventional wheel and the axle, thereby further optimizing the space utilization of the shaft end.
  • the present invention also provides a low-floor vehicle, bogie, and its shaft end structure.
  • the shaft end structure is optimized for the bogie shaft end with both speed measurement and grounding functions, which can completely avoid the bearing of the bogie shaft end bearing. External factors affect the lubrication performance.
  • the bogie axle end sealing structure provided by the invention includes a speed measuring gear, a friction disc and a front cover of the shaft end; wherein, the outer end surface of the speed measuring gear for fixed connection with the wheel end surface has a plurality of speed measuring teeth uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, Fixedly connected with the speed measuring gear and arranged on the outer end surface of the speed measuring gear on the radial outer periphery of the speed measuring tooth; the front cover of the shaft end is installed outside the speed measuring gear and the friction disc, the The front cover of the shaft end has an outer ring body extending axially from the outer periphery of the body to the outer edge of the wheel, and the center portion of the body is used to fixedly connect with the axle end of the axle through the through hole in the middle of the speed measuring gear.
  • the front cover of the shaft end is provided with a speed sensor interface and a brush interface respectively corresponding to the speed measuring teeth and the friction disc; wherein, a static seal pair is provided between the wheel end surface and the speed measuring gear, and the speed measuring A first dynamic seal pair is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the gear and the outer ring body of the front cover of the shaft end.
  • a second dynamic seal pair is provided between the central portion of the front cover of the shaft end and the central through-hole of the speed measuring gear.
  • the middle part of the front cover of the shaft end has an axially extending middle ring body inserted between the inner hole of the friction disc and the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body; and the middle ring body Between the outer peripheral surface of the friction disk and the inner hole of the friction disc, and/or between the inner hole of the middle ring body and the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body, there is a third dynamic seal pair.
  • a sealant is applied between the end surface of the wheel and the speed measuring gear to form the static seal pair.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring gear or the outer ring body of the front cover of the shaft end is provided with a first seal installation groove, and the first seal is provided in the first seal installation groove to form the The first dynamic seal pair.
  • a second seal installation groove is provided on the central portion of the front cover of the shaft end or the central through hole of the speed measuring gear, and the second seal is provided in the second seal installation groove to form a Describe the second dynamic seal pair.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body is provided with a third seal mounting groove, and the third seal is provided in the third seal mounting groove to form the inner hole of the middle ring body and the speed measuring tooth The third dynamic seal pair between the outer peripheral surfaces of the body.
  • a toner accommodating cavity is provided between the friction disc and the front cover of the shaft end, a powder discharge hole communicating with the toner accommodating cavity is opened at the bottom of the front cover of the shaft end, and the powder discharge The hole is tightly matched with the screw plug.
  • the present invention integrates the grounding function and the speed measurement function into a bogie shaft end, and provides an innovative shaft end seal structure. Specifically, a static seal pair is provided between the end surface of the wheel and the speed measuring gear, and a first dynamic seal pair is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring gear and the outer ring body of the front cover of the shaft end.
  • this solution is provided with a sealing pair between the wheel and the speed measuring gear and between the speed measuring gear and the outer ring body of the front cover of the shaft end, which has the characteristics of simple structure and reliable sealing, even if it is operated in a harsh environment, It completely avoids external pollutants and water from entering the interior, so as to ensure that the axle end bearings of the bogie always maintain good lubrication performance.
  • a toner powder cavity is provided between the friction disc and the front cover of the shaft end, thereby providing a storage space for the toner generated by friction between the brush and the friction disc during vehicle operation.
  • the setting of the space effectively reduces the frequency of overhaul and maintenance that excludes toner, and provides a technical guarantee for reducing the running cost of the vehicle.
  • the bottom of the front cover of the shaft end is provided with a powder discharge hole communicating with the toner container, and a screw plug is used It is screw-fitted with the powder discharge hole, that is to say, it is tightened by the screw plug during daily use of the vehicle. After a period of use, only the screw plug can be unscrewed to easily clean the toner, and has good operability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the axle end structure of the bogie in a specific embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the seal structure of the axle end of the bogie shown in Fig. 1.
  • Tachometer gear 1 middle through-hole 11, tachometer tooth body 12, tachometer tooth 121, ring groove 13, convex ring 14, third seal installation groove 15, first seal installation groove 16, second seal installation groove 17, Friction disc 2, limit portion 21, shaft end front cover 3, speed sensor interface 31, middle ring body 33, center portion 34, outer ring body 35, toner container 36, powder discharge hole 37, speed sensor 4, grounding device 5.
  • this embodiment uses the bogie axle end form shown in FIG. 1 as a description basis, and details the innovative improvement scheme of the axle end structure proposed in this application. It should be understood that the relationship between the contour shapes and size ratios of the steering axle and wheels shown in the figures does not constitute a technical solution for the protection claimed in this application and constitutes a substantial limitation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the axle end structure of the bogie according to this embodiment.
  • the axle end structure of the bogie provided by this solution includes a composite fixedly connected speed measuring gear 1 and a friction disc 2, and a shaft end front cover 3 that is mounted on the outside of the two.
  • the speed measuring gear 1 is used to be fixedly connected with the end surface of the wheel 10, and has a through hole 11 in the middle.
  • a plurality of speed measuring teeth 121 are evenly arranged on the outer end surface of the speed measuring gear 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the friction disc 2 is fixedly connected to the speed measuring gear 1, that is, the two are fixedly combined together; in terms of spatial arrangement, the friction disc 2 is arranged on the outer end surface of the speed measuring gear 1 on the radial outer periphery of the speed measuring tooth 121; that is, the bogie
  • the radial inner side of the shaft end is a speed measuring tooth 121, and the radial outer side is a friction disc 2.
  • the limited space at the shaft end is fully utilized to optimize the arrangement of basic components for grounding and speed measuring functions.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of the seal structure of the axle end of the bogie shown in FIG. 1.
  • the front cover 3 of the shaft end is mounted on the outer side of the speed measuring gear 1 and the friction disc 2 to form an overall shaft end solution.
  • the axle front cover 3 has an outer ring body 35 extending axially from the outer periphery of the body to the outer edge of the wheel 10, and the central portion of the body of the axle end front cover 3 is used to pass through the central through hole 11 of the speed measuring gear 1 and the axle 20
  • the shaft end of the shaft is fixedly connected.
  • the front cover 3 of the shaft end is provided with a speed sensor interface 31 and a brush interface respectively corresponding to the speed measuring teeth 121 and the friction disc 2 (not shown in the figure based on the line blocking relationship) .
  • This solution integrates the grounding function and the speed measurement function into the axle end of a bogie.
  • the structure is simple and reliable. On the one hand, it reduces the complexity of bogie design, and further reduces the difficulty of wiring.
  • a static seal pair is provided between the end face A of the wheel 10 and the tachometer gear 1; preferably, a sealant is applied between the two to form the static seal pair; the sealant can have various options, for example But not limited to sealant 5699.
  • a first dynamic seal pair is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring gear 1 and the outer ring body 35 of the front cover 3 at the shaft end; between the wheel 10 and the speed measuring gear 1 and the outer ring body of the speed measuring gear 1 and the front cover 3 of the shaft end Between 35 there is a sealing pair, which has the characteristics of simple structure and reliable sealing.
  • a first seal installation groove 16 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring gear 1, and a first seal 7 is provided in the first seal installation groove 16 to form the The first dynamic seal pair.
  • the first sealing member 7 and the first sealing member mounting groove 16 that are matched may be sequentially arranged in a plurality of intervals in the axial direction according to specific product requirements, such as but not limited to the three shown in the figure, thereby forming More reliable labyrinth seal.
  • a first seal sealing groove (not shown in the figure) is provided on the outer ring body 35 of the front cover 3 at the shaft end, and the first dynamic seal pair can also be established.
  • a second dynamic seal pair may be further provided between the center portion 34 of the shaft end front cover 3 and the central through-hole 11 of the speed measuring gear 1.
  • the middle through-hole 11 of the speed measuring gear 1 is provided with a second seal installation groove 17, and the second seal 8 is provided in the second seal installation groove 17 to form the second dynamic seal pair .
  • the second sealing member 8 and the second sealing member mounting groove 17 that are matched can be sequentially arranged in a plurality of intervals in the axial direction according to specific product requirements, such as but not limited to the two shown in the figure, thus Form a more reliable labyrinth seal.
  • a second seal sealing groove (not shown in the figure) is provided in the central portion 34 of the front cover 3 at the shaft end, and the second dynamic seal pair can also be established.
  • the brush and friction disc With the operation of the vehicle, the brush and friction disc will generate friction during the operation of the vehicle. To effectively increase the frequency of inspection and maintenance, additional storage and powder discharge technical measures can be added. As shown in the figure, there is a toner accommodating cavity 36 between the friction disc 2 and the front cover 3 of the shaft end, thereby providing a storage space for the toner generated by friction between the brush and the friction disc during vehicle operation.
  • the bottom of the shaft end front cover 3 is provided with a powder discharge hole 37 communicating with the toner container 36, and a screw plug 9 is used to rotate with the powder discharge hole 37 Tight fit, tighten through the plug 9 during daily use of the vehicle, after using for a period of time, just unscrew the plug 9 to clean the toner through the powder discharge hole 37, with good operability.
  • the outer surface of the speed measuring gear 1 is provided with a concave ring groove 13.
  • the speed measuring teeth 121 and the friction disc 2 are located on the inner and outer sides of the ring groove 13 in the radial direction.
  • the radially inner side has an axially extending speed measuring tooth body 12 having an annular outer end surface equipped with a speed measuring tooth 121, and the friction disk 2 body is fixedly attached to the radially outer speed measuring gear 1 body of the ring groove 13.
  • the friction disc 2 has a limit portion 21 extending axially from the inner edge of its body, and the limit portion 21 is inserted into the ring groove 13 to establish the radial positioning of the two; that is, That is to say, the outer diameter of the limiting portion 21 and the inner diameter of the ring groove 13 need to maintain the radial positioning dimension relationship, and the assembly pre-positioning can be formed before the two are assembled and fixed to ensure the assembly accuracy; obviously, the assembly pre-positioning function is integrated in the speed measurement In the body of the gear 1, the compactness of the overall structure is further improved, and on the basis of not increasing the use space, it is supplemented by the function of ensuring assembly accuracy.
  • the middle portion of the front cover 3 at the shaft end has an axially extending middle ring body 33 inserted between the inner hole of the friction disc 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body 12, and the inner hole of the middle ring body 33 is Between the outer peripheral surfaces of the speed measuring tooth body 12, there is a third sealing pair.
  • a sealing barrier is established on the matching surface and internal structure of the friction disk 2 and the brush, which can effectively prevent the carbon powder generated by grounding friction from polluting other devices at the shaft end, avoiding frequent maintenance and overhaul, thereby reducing the operation and maintenance costs.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body 12 is provided with a third seal mounting groove 15, and the third seal 6 is provided in the third seal mounting groove 15 to connect the inner hole of the middle ring body 33 with the speed measuring tooth Sealing pairs are formed between the outer peripheral surfaces of the body 12.
  • the sealing pair is not limited to the implementation shown in the figure, and the above sealing relationship can also be achieved in other ways, such as but not limited to, an oil seal is provided between the inner hole of the middle ring body 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the speed measuring tooth body 12 Or a sealing felt ring is interposed.
  • the sealing pair can also be provided between the outer peripheral surface of the middle ring body 33 and the inner hole of the friction disc 2, and also can establish a sealing barrier on the mating surface and internal structure of the friction disc 2 and the brush to prevent the toner generated by friction Other devices contaminating the shaft end; of course, a third sealing pair can also be constructed at the outer peripheral surface of the middle ring body 33 and the inner hole position, as long as the above functional requirements are met within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
  • the middle ring body 33 can also be configured such that when the front end cover 3 of the shaft end is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the axle 20, the middle ring body 33 is axially pressed against the groove bottom of the ring groove 13 of the speed measuring gear 1. In this way, in addition to constructing a reliable seal, the middle ring body 33 can also take into account the pre-positioning structure of the front cover 3 for assembling the shaft end. Obviously, the realization of this function also effectively uses the above basic structure, that is, the space is not increased after the function is added Occupied, in line with the core design concept of this program.
  • the tachometer gear 1 has a convex ring 14 extending axially from its body, for pressing against the outer ring of the bearing 30 between the wheel 10 and the axle 20.
  • the arrangement of the convex ring 14 makes the speed measuring gear 4 have the function of providing the axial limit of the bearing 30, that is to say, there is no need to additionally provide a retaining ring for the outer ring of the bearing, and the overall structure is more compact and reasonable.
  • the speed measuring gear 1 and the friction disc 2 after the two are made of different materials, they are first fixedly connected as an integrated composite component, and then assembled with the axle end of the bogie, which is convenient for assembly and maintenance. operating.
  • the friction disk 2 and the speed measuring gear 1 can be fixedly connected by using a plurality of circumferentially uniformly threaded fasteners.
  • the speed sensor 4 can be inserted and fixed in the speed sensor interface 31.
  • the speed measuring gear 1 fixed thereon rotates synchronously, and the signal processing end of the speed sensor 4 is inserted in the speed sensor interface In 31, it sends a signal to the speed measuring teeth 121 on the outer end surface of the speed measuring gear 1, and sequentially generates electrical pulse signals.
  • the wheel speed can be calculated from the number of detected pulses; the requirement is that the specific structure and number of the speed measuring teeth 121 can be selected in accordance with the mechanism and accuracy requirements of the speed sensor 4, and those skilled in the art can It is implemented based on the existing technology and is not the core invention of this application, so it will not be repeated here.
  • the brushes (not shown) of the grounding device 5 extend into the front cover 3 of the shaft end through the brush interface to be matched with the friction disc 2 to realize grounding conduction.
  • the grounding device 5 can also be implemented based on the existing technology, which will not be repeated here.
  • this embodiment also provides a bogie including the foregoing axle end structure.
  • the body central portion 34 of the front cover 3 at the shaft end is inserted into the central through-hole 11 of the speed measuring gear 1 and is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the axle 20 by using a plurality of threaded fasteners.
  • other functional components of the bogie can be implemented by using the existing technology, so this article will not repeat them here.
  • this embodiment also provides a low floor vehicle including the aforementioned bogie.
  • other functional components of the bogie can be implemented by using the existing technology, so this article will not repeat them here.
  • axle end structure of the bogie provided in this embodiment is not limited to low-floor vehicles, and the structure can also be applied to any other rail vehicle that requires the axle end to achieve grounding and speed measurement functions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构，该轴端结构包括测速齿轮（1）和摩擦盘（2）；其中，具有中部贯通孔（11）的测速齿轮（1）用于与车轮（10）端面固定连接，测速齿轮（1）的外端面上具有周向均布的若干测速齿（121）；摩擦盘（2）与测速齿轮（1）固定连接，具体配置在测速齿（121）的径向外周的测速齿轮（1）外端面上；轴端前盖（3）罩装于测速齿轮（1）和摩擦盘（2）外侧，且其本体中心部用于通过测速齿轮（1）的中部贯通孔（11）与车轴（20）的轴端固定连接，轴端前盖（3）上开设有分别与测速齿（121）和摩擦盘（2）相应设置的速度传感器接口（31）和电刷接口。针对转向架轴端结构进行优化，充分利用轴端空间将接地和测速功能集成在一个转向架轴端，结构简单可靠，降低转向架设计的复杂程度，进一步降低了布线难度。

Description

低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构和摩擦盘
本申请要求于2019年01月10日提交中国专利局的申请号为201910023564.X、发明名称为“低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构”的中国专利申请、于2019年01月16日提交中国专利局的申请号为201910040119.4、发明名称为“低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端密封结构”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道交通技术领域，具体涉及一种低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构和摩擦盘。
背景技术
众所周知，低地板车辆以其结构简单、适应环境能力强的特点，广受青睐。然而，在低地板车辆的设计过程中，一方面其轴端结构紧凑、空间狭小，且功能要求相对较多，轴端速度传感器和接地装置的布置存在一定的设计难度。现有技术的解决办法是将不同的传感器分别布置在不同的转向架轴端，受其自身结构的限制，该方案增加了整个转向架的复杂性，同时增加了车辆布线的困难。
此外，在实际运营过程中，转向架轴端轴承极易出现因外界灰尘、水份等杂质混入油脂导致润滑不良的问题。
有鉴于此，亟待另辟蹊径针对低地板车辆的转向架轴端进行优化设计，以克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构，该轴端结构针对测速与接地功能进行了结构优化，充分利用了轴端装配空间，大大降低了布线难度及转向架复杂性。
本发明提供的转向架轴端结构，包括测速齿轮和摩擦盘；其中，具有中部贯通孔的测速齿轮用于与车轮端面固定连接，所述测速齿轮的外端面 上具有周向均布的若干测速齿；所述摩擦盘与所述测速齿轮固定连接，具体配置在所述测速齿的径向外周的所述测速齿轮外端面上；轴端前盖罩装于所述测速齿轮和所述摩擦盘外侧，且其本体中心部用于通过所述测速齿轮的所述中部贯通孔与车轴的轴端固定连接，所述轴端前盖上开设有分别与所述测速齿和所述摩擦盘相应设置的速度传感器接口和电刷接口。
优选地，所述测速齿轮具有内凹环槽，且所述环槽内侧具有轴向延伸的测速齿本体，所述测速齿本体具有配置有所述测速齿的环形外端面；所述摩擦盘与所述环槽外侧的所述测速齿轮贴合固定，且具有自其本体内缘轴向延伸限位部，所述限位部插装于所述环槽中，以建立两者的径向定位。
优选地，所述轴端前盖的中部具有轴向延伸的中环体，所述中环体插装于所述摩擦盘的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间；且所述中环体的外周表面与所述摩擦盘的内孔之间，和/或所述中环体的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间，具有第三动密封副。
优选地，所述测速齿本体的外周表面设置有第三密封件安装槽，第三密封件设置在所述第三密封件安装槽内，以形成所述中环体的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间的第三动密封副。
优选地，所述中环体配置为：所述轴端前盖与所述车轴的轴端固定连接时，所述中环体轴向压抵所述环槽的槽底。
优选地，所述测速齿轮具有自其本体轴向延伸形成的凸圈，用于压抵所述车轮与所述车轴之间的轴承外圈。
优选地，所述摩擦盘与所述测速齿轮采用多个周向均布的螺纹紧固件固定连接。
本发明还提供一种转向架，包括相适配的车轴和车轮，还包括如前所述的转向架轴端结构；所述轴端前盖上固定设置有速度传感器和接地装置，其中，所述速度传感器的信号处理端插装于所述速度传感器接口内，以获得车轮转速；所述接地装置的电刷经由所述电刷接口伸入至与所述摩擦盘适配，以实现接地导电。
优选地，所述轴端前盖的本体中心部穿装于所述测速齿轮的所述中部贯通孔，并采用多个螺纹紧固件与车轴的轴端固定连接。
本发明还提供一种低地板车辆，包括如前所述的转向架。
针对低地板车辆轴端空间有限的特点，本发明创新性地将接地功能和测速功能集成在一个转向架轴端。具体地，在与车轮固定连接的测速齿轮外端面上，设置有周向均布的若干测速齿，用于与速度传感器适配进行车轮转速监测；该测速齿的径向外侧的测速齿轮外端面上，固定设置有用于与接地装置电刷适配的摩擦盘，以实现接地导电；同时，罩装于测速齿轮和摩擦盘外侧的轴端前盖，经由测速齿轮的中部贯通孔与车轴的轴端固定连接，且其上开设有分别与测速齿和摩擦盘相应设置的速度传感器接口和电刷接口。如此设置，转向架轴端的径向内侧为测速齿、径向外侧为摩擦盘，两者复合固为一体，充分利用了轴端有限空间实现上述两个基本功能。与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
首先，本发明充分利用轴端空间将接地功能和测速功能集成在一个转向架轴端，具有结构简单可靠的特点，从而降低了转向架设计的复杂程度，为有效降低整车制造成本提供了技术保障；同时，接地功能和测速功能集成在一个转向架轴端，进一步降低了布线难度。
其次，在本发明的优选方案中，在测速齿轮设置一内凹环槽，沿径向测速齿和摩擦盘分别位于该环槽的内外两侧，且摩擦盘具有自其本体内缘轴向延伸的限位部，该限位部可插装于环槽中。一方面，建立了摩擦盘与测速齿轮间的径向定位，可在两者组装固定之前形成装配预定位，确保组装精度；另一方面，将装配预定位功能集成在测速齿轮本体中，进一步提高了整体结构的紧凑程度，在不增加使用空间的基础上，辅以确保组装精度的功能实现。
再次，测速齿轮进一步自其本体轴向延伸形成的凸圈，用于压抵车轮与车轴之间的轴承外圈；也就是说，本方案的轴端结构在可靠实现接地及测速功能的基础上，兼具了常规车轮与车轴间轴承定位的功能作用，由此更进一步地优化了轴端的空间利用。
此外，本发明还提供一种低地板车辆、转向架及其轴端结构，该轴端结构针对兼具测速与接地功能的转向架轴端进行了结构优化，可完全规避转向架轴端轴承受外界因素影响润滑性能的问题。
本发明提供的转向架轴端密封结构，包括测速齿轮、摩擦盘和轴端前盖；其中，用于与车轮端面固定连接的测速齿轮外端面上具有周向均布的 若干测速齿，所述摩擦盘与所述测速齿轮固定连接，并配置在所述测速齿的径向外周的所述测速齿轮外端面上；所述轴端前盖罩装于所述测速齿轮和所述摩擦盘外侧，所述轴端前盖具有自其本体外缘轴向延伸至所述车轮外沿的外环体，且其本体中心部用于通过所述测速齿轮的中部贯通孔与车轴的轴端固定连接，所述轴端前盖上开设有分别与所述测速齿和所述摩擦盘相应设置的速度传感器接口和电刷接口；其中，所述车轮端面与所述测速齿轮之间设置静密封副，所述测速齿轮外周表面与所述轴端前盖的外环体之间设置第一动密封副。
优选地，所述轴端前盖的中心部与所述测速齿轮的中部贯通孔之间设置第二动密封副。
优选地，所述轴端前盖的中部具有轴向延伸的中环体，所述中环体插装于所述摩擦盘的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间；且所述中环体的外周表面与所述摩擦盘的内孔之间，和/或所述中环体的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间，具有第三动密封副。
优选地，所述车轮端面与所述测速齿轮之间涂敷密封胶，以形成所述静密封副。
优选地，所述测速齿轮外周表面或者所述轴端前盖的外环体上设置有第一密封件安装槽，第一密封件设置在所述第一密封件安装槽内，以形成所述第一动密封副。
优选地，所述轴端前盖的中心部或者所述测速齿轮的中部贯通孔上设置有第二密封件安装槽，第二密封件设置在所述第二密封件安装槽内，以形成所述第二动密封副。
优选地，所述测速齿本体的外周表面设置有第三密封件安装槽，第三密封件设置在所述第三密封件安装槽内，以形成所述中环体的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间的第三动密封副。
优选地，所述摩擦盘与所述轴端前盖之间具有碳粉容腔，所述轴端前盖的底部开设有与所述碳粉容腔连通的排粉孔，且所述排粉孔与螺堵旋紧适配。
针对低地板车辆轴端空间有限的特点，本发明将接地功能和测速功能集成在一个转向架轴端，并创新性的提供了轴端密封结构。具体地，在车 轮端面与测速齿轮之间设置静密封副，在测速齿轮外周表面与轴端前盖的外环体之间设置第一动密封副。如此设置，本方案在车轮与测速齿轮之间及测速齿轮与轴端前盖的外环体之间分别设置有密封副，具有结构简单、密封可靠的特点，即便运营在恶劣环境下，也可完全规避外界污染物、水份进入内部，从而能够确保转向架轴端轴承始终保持良好的润滑性能。
在本发明的进一步优选方案中，摩擦盘与轴端前盖之间具有碳粉容腔，由此提供了电刷与摩擦盘在车辆运行过程中摩擦产生碳粉的存储空间，该碳粉存储空间的设置有效降低了排除碳粉的检修维护频次，为降低车辆运行成本提供了技术保障；另外，轴端前盖的底部开设有与该碳粉容腔连通的排粉孔，且采用螺堵与排粉孔旋紧适配，也就是说，在车辆日常使用时通过该螺堵拧紧，使用一段时间后，仅拧下螺堵即可方便的清理碳粉，具有较好的可操作性。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式中所述转向架轴端结构的整体结构示意图；
图2为图1中所示转向架轴端密封结构的局部示意图。
图中：
车轮10、车轴20、轴承30；
测速齿轮1、中部贯通孔11、测速齿本体12、测速齿121、环槽13、凸圈14、第三密封件安装槽15、第一密封件安装槽16、第二密封件安装槽17、摩擦盘2、限位部21、轴端前盖3、速度传感器接口31、中环体33、中心部34、外环体35、碳粉容腔36、排粉孔37、速度传感器4、接地装置5、第三密封件6、第一密封件7、第二密封件8、螺堵9。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
不失一般性，本实施方式以图1中所示转向架轴端形式作为描述基础，详细说明本申请提出的轴端结构创新改进方案。应当理解，图中所示的转 向架车轴和车轮的轮廓形状及尺寸比例关系并未构成对本申请请求保护的技术方案并构成实质性的限制。
请参见图1，该图为本实施方式所述转向架轴端结构的整体结构示意图。
需要明确的是，本方案中的车轮10与车轴20的装配关系与现有技术相同，车轮10与车轴20之间设置有轴承30，以实现车轮10的转动功能。当然，为清晰表达本申请的核心发明点，图1中仅局部显示了轴端一侧。
如图1所示，本方案提供的转向架轴端结构包括复合固定连接的测速齿轮1和摩擦盘2，以及罩装于两者外侧的轴端前盖3。
其中，测速齿轮1用于与车轮10端面固定连接，其具有中部贯通孔11。若干测速齿121周向均布设置在该测速齿轮1的外端面。摩擦盘2与测速齿轮1固定连接，即两者复合固定连接为一体；空间布置上，该摩擦盘2配置在测速齿121的径向外周的测速齿轮1外端面上；也就是说，转向架轴端的径向内侧为测速齿121、径向外侧为摩擦盘2，充分利用轴端有限空间优化布置接地和测速功能的基础构件。请一并参见图2，该图为图1中所示转向架轴端密封结构的局部示意图。
其中，轴端前盖3罩装于测速齿轮1和摩擦盘2外侧，以形成整体轴端方案。该轴端前盖3具有自其本体外缘轴向延伸至车轮10外沿的外环体35，且轴端前盖3的本体中心部用于通过测速齿轮1的中部贯通孔11与车轴20的轴端固定连接，相应地，轴端前盖3上开设有分别与测速齿121和摩擦盘2相应设置的速度传感器接口31和电刷接口(基于图面线条遮挡关系图中未示出)。本方案将接地功能和测速功能集成在了一个转向架轴端，结构简单、可靠，一方面降低了转向架设计的复杂程度，同时进一步降低了布线难度。
具体地，车轮10端面A与测速齿轮1之间设置静密封副；作为优选，在两者之间涂敷密封胶，以形成所述该静密封副；该密封胶可以有多种选择，例如但不限于密封胶5699。同时，测速齿轮1外周表面与轴端前盖3的外环体35之间设置第一动密封副；在车轮10与测速齿轮1之间及测速齿轮1与轴端前盖3的外环体35之间分别设置有密封副，具有结构简单、密封可靠的特点。
对于第一动密封副，图中所示，在测速齿轮1外周表面上设置有第一密封件安装槽16，第一密封件7设置在该第一密封件安装槽16内，以形成所述第一动密封副。这里，相适配的第一密封件7与第一密封件安装槽16，可根据具体产品需求沿轴向依次间隔设置为多个，例如但不限于图中所示的三个，由此形成更加可靠的迷宫密封。当然也可以采用这样的设计，在轴端前盖3的外环体35上开设第一密封件密封槽(图中未示出)，同样可以建立上述第一动密封副。
为了避免轴端轴承内的润滑油脂流失，进一步可在轴端前盖3的中心部34与测速齿轮1的中部贯通孔11之间设置第二动密封副。图中所示，该测速齿轮1的中部贯通孔11上设置有第二密封件安装槽17，第二密封件8设置在第二密封件安装槽17内，以形成所述第二动密封副。同样地，相适配的第二密封件8与第二密封件安装槽17，可根据具体产品需求沿轴向依次间隔设置为多个，例如但不限于图中所示的两个，由此形成更加可靠的迷宫密封。当然也可以采用这样的设计，在轴端前盖3的中心部34上开设第二密封件密封槽(图中未示出)，同样可以建立上述第二动密封副。
随着车辆运行，电刷与摩擦盘在车辆运行过程中将摩擦产生碳粉，为了有效提高检修维护频次，可以进一步增设存储及排粉技术措施。如图所示，在摩擦盘2与轴端前盖3之间具有碳粉容腔36，由此提供了电刷与摩擦盘在车辆运行过程中摩擦产生碳粉的存储空间，该碳粉存储空间的设置有效降低了排除碳粉的检修维护频次；另外，轴端前盖3的底部开设有与该碳粉容腔36连通的排粉孔37，且采用螺堵9与排粉孔37旋紧适配，在车辆日常使用时通过该螺堵9拧紧，使用一段时间后，仅拧下螺堵9即可通过排粉孔37清理碳粉，具有较好的可操作性。
为了进一步有效利用轴端空间，可以在优选方案中作进一步充分优化。如图1所示，测速齿轮1的外端面上设置有内凹的环槽13，沿径向测速齿121和摩擦盘2分别位于该环槽13的内外两侧，具体地，环槽13的径向内侧具有轴向延伸的测速齿本体12，该测速齿本体12具有配置有测速齿121的环形外端面，摩擦盘2本体与环槽13的径向外侧的测速齿轮1本体贴合固定。进一步如图1所示，该摩擦盘2具有自其本体内缘轴向延伸的限位部21，该限位部21插装于环槽13中，以建立两者的径向定位；也就 是说，限位部21的外径与环槽13的内径需要保持径向定位尺寸关系，可在两者组装固定之前形成装配预定位，确保组装精度；显然地，将装配预定位功能集成在测速齿轮1本体中，进一步提高了整体结构的紧凑程度，在不增加使用空间的基础上，辅以确保组装精度的功能实现。
进一步地，轴端前盖3的中部具有轴向延伸的中环体33，该中环体33插装于摩擦盘2的内孔与测速齿本体12的外周表面之间，中环体33的内孔与测速齿本体12的外周表面之间，具有第三密封副。此外，在摩擦盘2与电刷的配合面和内部结构建立密封阻隔，可有效防止接地摩擦产生的碳粉污染轴端其他装置，避免过于频繁地进行维护检修，从而可降低运营维护成本。
图中所示，测速齿本体12的外周表面设置有第三密封件安装槽15，第三密封件6设置在该第三密封件安装槽15内，以在中环体33的内孔与测速齿本体12的外周表面之间形成密封副。应当理解，该密封副不局限于图中所示的实现方式，还可以采用其他方式实现上述密封关系，例如但不限于，中环体33的内孔与测速齿本体12的外周表面之间设置油封或者夹设密封毡圈等。
此外，该密封副也可设置在中环体33的外周表面与摩擦盘2的内孔之间，同样可以在摩擦盘2与电刷的配合面和内部结构建立密封阻隔，防止摩擦产生的碳粉污染轴端其他装置；当然，也可在中环体33的外周表面和内孔位置处同时构建第三密封副，只要满足上述功能需要均在本申请请求保护的范围内。
进一步地，该中环体33还可以配置为：轴端前盖3与车轴20的轴端固定连接时，中环体33轴向压抵测速齿轮1的环槽13槽底。这样，除构建可靠密封外，该中环体33还可兼顾作为组装轴端前盖3的预定位结构，显然，该功能的实现同样有效利用上述基础结构，也即，功能附加后并未增加空间占用，符合本方案核心设计构思。
如图所示，测速齿轮1具有自其本体轴向延伸形成的凸圈14，用于压抵车轮10与车轴20之间的轴承30外圈。同样地，该凸圈14的设置使得测速齿轮4具有提供轴承30轴向限位的功能，也就是说，无需另行设置轴承外圈用挡圈，整体结构更加紧凑、合理。
需要说明的是，基于测速齿轮1和摩擦盘2各自功能原理要求，两者采用不同材质制成后，先固定连接为一体式复合组件，再与转向架轴端进行组装，便于装配、维修等操作。作为优选，摩擦盘2与测速齿轮1可采用多个周向均布的螺纹紧固件固定连接。
车辆运行过程中，速度传感器4可插装固定在速度传感器接口31中，随着车轮10的转动，固定在其上的测速齿轮1同步转动，速度传感器4的信号处理端插装于速度传感器接口31内，其发出信号至测速齿轮1外端面上的测速齿121，并依次产生电脉冲信号。可由检测到的脉冲数，计算获得车轮转速；需求说明的是，测速齿121的具体结构形式和设置数量，可与适配速度传感器4的作用机理及精度要求进行选定，本领域技术人员能够基于现有技术实现，且非本申请的核心发明点所在，故本文不再赘述。
另外，接地装置5的电刷(图中未示出)经由电刷接口伸入轴端前盖3至与摩擦盘2适配，以实现接地导电。同理，接地装置5也可基于现有技术实现，本文不再赘述。
除前述转向架轴端结构外，本实施方式还提供一种包括前述轴端结构的转向架。如图所示，轴端前盖3的本体中心部34穿装于测速齿轮1的中部贯通孔11，并采用多个螺纹紧固件与车轴20的轴端固定连接。这里，该转向架的其他功能构成可采用现有技术实现，故本文不再赘述。
除前述转向架及其轴端结构外，本实施方式还提供一种包括前述转向架的低地板车辆。这里，该转向架的其他功能构成可采用现有技术实现，故本文不再赘述。
另外，本实施方式提供的转向架轴端结构不局限应用于低地板车辆，该结构还可应用于任何需要轴端实现接地和测速功能的其他轨道车车辆。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种转向架轴端结构，其特征在于，包括：
    具有中部贯通孔的测速齿轮，用于与车轮端面固定连接，所述测速齿轮的外端面上具有周向均布的若干测速齿；
    摩擦盘，与所述测速齿轮固定连接，所述摩擦盘配置在所述测速齿的径向外周的所述测速齿轮外端面上；
    轴端前盖，罩装于所述测速齿轮和所述摩擦盘外侧，且其本体中心部用于通过所述测速齿轮的所述中部贯通孔与车轴的轴端固定连接，所述轴端前盖上开设有分别与所述测速齿和所述摩擦盘相应设置的速度传感器接口和电刷接口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述测速齿轮具有内凹环槽，且所述环槽的径向内侧具有轴向延伸的测速齿本体，所述测速齿本体具有配置有所述测速齿的环形外端面；所述摩擦盘与所述环槽的径向外侧的所述测速齿轮贴合固定，且具有自其本体内缘轴向延伸的限位部，所述限位部插装于所述环槽中，以建立两者的径向定位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述轴端前盖的中部具有轴向延伸的中环体，所述中环体插装于所述摩擦盘的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间；且所述中环体的外周表面与所述摩擦盘的内孔之间，和/或所述中环体的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间，具有第三动密封副。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述测速齿本体的外周表面设置有第三密封件安装槽，第三密封件设置在所述第三密封件安装槽内，以形成所述中环体的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间的第三动密封副。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述中环体配置为：所述轴端前盖与所述车轴的轴端固定连接时，所述中环体轴向压抵所述环槽的槽底。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述测速齿轮具有自其本体轴向延伸形成的凸圈，用于压抵所述车轮与所述车轴之间的轴承外圈。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述摩擦盘与所述测速齿轮采用多个周向均布的螺纹紧固件固定连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述轴端前盖具有自其本体外缘轴向延伸至所述车轮外沿的外环体，所述车轮端面与所述测速齿轮之间设置静密封副，所述测速齿轮外周表面与所述轴端前盖的外环体之间设置第一动密封副。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述轴端前盖的中心部与所述测速齿轮的中部贯通孔之间设置第二动密封副。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述车轮端面与所述测速齿轮之间涂敷密封胶，以形成所述静密封副。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述测速齿轮外周表面或者所述轴端前盖的外环体上设置有第一密封件安装槽，第一密封件设置在所述第一密封件安装槽内，以形成所述第一动密封副。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述轴端前盖的中心部或者所述测速齿轮的中部贯通孔上设置有第二密封件安装槽，第二密封件设置在所述第二密封件安装槽内，以形成所述第二动密封副。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述测速齿本体的外周表面设置有第三密封件安装槽，第三密封件设置在所述第三密封件安装槽内，以形成所述中环体的内孔与所述测速齿本体的外周表面之间的第三动密封副。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的轴端结构，其特征在于，所述摩擦盘与所述轴端前盖之间具有碳粉容腔，所述轴端前盖的底部开设有与所述碳粉容腔连通的排粉孔，且所述排粉孔与螺堵旋紧适配。
  15. 一种转向架，包括相适配的车轴和车轮，其特征在于，还包括如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的转向架轴端结构；所述轴端前盖上固定设置有速度传感器和接地装置，其中，所述速度传感器的信号处理端插装于所述速度传感器接口内，以获得车轮转速；所述接地装置的电刷经由所述电刷接口伸入至与所述摩擦盘适配，以实现接地导电。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述轴端前盖的本体中心部穿装于所述测速齿轮的所述中部贯通孔，并采用多个螺纹紧固件 与车轴的轴端固定连接。
  17. 一种低地板车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求15或16中任一项所述的转向架。
  18. 一种摩擦盘，其特征在于，所述摩擦盘与测速齿轮复合固定连接，其中，具有中部贯通孔的所述测速齿轮用于与车轮端面固定连接，所述测速齿轮的外端面上具有周向均布的若干测速齿，所述摩擦盘配置在所述测速齿的径向外周的所述测速齿轮外端面上。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的摩擦盘，其特征在于，所述测速齿轮具有自其本体轴向延伸形成的凸圈，用于压抵所述车轮与车轴之间的轴承外圈。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的摩擦盘，其特征在于，所述摩擦盘与所述测速齿轮采用多个周向均布的螺纹紧固件固定连接。
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