WO2020151049A1 - 一种通讯天线及其辐射单元 - Google Patents

一种通讯天线及其辐射单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151049A1
WO2020151049A1 PCT/CN2019/076768 CN2019076768W WO2020151049A1 WO 2020151049 A1 WO2020151049 A1 WO 2020151049A1 CN 2019076768 W CN2019076768 W CN 2019076768W WO 2020151049 A1 WO2020151049 A1 WO 2020151049A1
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Prior art keywords
unit
frequency
radiation
radiation unit
central platform
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石磊
岳彩龙
韦图双
杨锦
丁文
赵伟
刘木林
付聪
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Tongyu Communication Inc
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Tongyu Communication Inc
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Priority to EP19911642.7A priority Critical patent/EP3916908B1/en
Priority to US17/053,203 priority patent/US11424530B2/en
Publication of WO2020151049A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151049A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
    • H01Q5/47—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0471—Non-planar, stepped or wedge-shaped patch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a communication antenna, in particular to a bowl-shaped small-diameter radiating unit and a communication antenna using the radiating unit.
  • the radiating unit is the main part of the antenna, which can radiate and receive electromagnetic waves, thereby realizing wireless communication.
  • the dual-polarization radiation unit can realize space diversity, and can work in the transceiver duplex mode at the same time, which greatly reduces the number of antennas and the space occupied.
  • the caliber and height of the radiating element directly affect the size of the antenna. At present, customers have higher and higher requirements for miniaturization of the antenna size. However, the existing radiating element generally has a large aperture and high height, which causes the antenna size to be too large. satisfy customer's request. Therefore, how to reduce the aperture of the radiation unit is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
  • Vivaldi antenna is an improved form of linear tapered slot antenna. It is an exponentially gradual end-fire traveling wave antenna, generally made of printed circuit technology. The structure changes from a relatively narrow metal groove line to a relatively wide metal groove line, and the gradual form changes according to an exponential law, thereby forming a horn-shaped opening at the signal transmitting end for receiving or transmitting electromagnetic waves. Different parts of the antenna slot line receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the existing antenna radiating unit has a relatively large aperture and takes up a lot of space inside the antenna, which causes the antenna to be too large, and provides a small-aperture radiating unit and a communication antenna using the radiating unit.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a radiating unit of a communication antenna with gradually changing gap slots for transmitting and receiving radiation signals on its four corners, and two diagonally distributed gradient gap slots As a group, the two groups of tapered gap grooves are arranged orthogonally and are fed by two feeding units respectively.
  • the middle of the radiating unit is a flat central platform, and the radiating unit is turned up to the same side around the central platform. Of hem.
  • the two adjacent folded edges are fixed by a dielectric sheet at the opening of the gradual gap groove.
  • the said gradual gap groove includes a groove on the central platform, a transition groove line connected with the groove hole, and a gradual groove line extending from the transition groove line and gradually increasing the gap.
  • a hollow structure window is provided around the central platform around the radiation unit.
  • the part of the window of the hollow structure located between the adjacent gradual gap grooves makes the four corners of the radiation unit each form two outwardly extending arm-shaped structures, and the two arm-shaped structures are formed with gradual gap grooves.
  • the part of the window of the hollow structure located on the folded edge around the radiation unit makes the width of the middle part of the folded edge smaller than the width of both sides.
  • the upper and lower sides of the central platform are respectively provided with feeder PCB boards, and the feeder PCB boards on both sides respectively feed two sets of orthogonal gradual gap slots.
  • One side of the central platform is provided with a matching circuit PCB board.
  • a communication antenna with the radiation unit includes a reflector and the radiation unit that is arranged on the reflector and works at a low frequency.
  • a high frequency radiation element is provided on the central platform of the radiation unit.
  • the reflector is provided with a low-frequency array composed of multiple radiation units and a high-frequency array composed of multiple high-frequency radiation elements, wherein some or all of the high-frequency radiation elements are correspondingly arranged on the central platform of the radiation unit .
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the radiating unit uses the Vivaldi antenna principle to fold a part of the area in the horizontal direction through deformation, so that the occupied area in the horizontal direction is reduced, and a small-diameter bowl-shaped radiating unit is formed. Since this bowl-shaped radiating unit occupies a small space, the size of the antenna can be reduced under the condition that the performance of the antenna remains unchanged.
  • the middle of the radiating unit is a central platform.
  • an additional high-frequency radiating element can be installed on the central platform to realize the nested and superimposed installation of the low-frequency unit and the high-frequency unit, thereby further reducing the antenna size.
  • a dielectric sheet is arranged at the opening of the gradual gap slot to fix the adjacent folds. While enhancing the structural stability of the radiation unit, the dielectric sheet can play a role in media loading, ensuring radiation performance.
  • the bowl-shaped radiating unit of the present invention reduces the aperture of the radiating unit to only 0.3-0.4 times the working wavelength.
  • the radiating unit is surrounded by a central platform as a hollow structure, and the thinner part is retained, which can weaken the coupling between the high-frequency unit and the low-frequency unit and reduce the weight of the radiating unit.
  • a folded flap is arranged around the central platform, which can be used as the boundary of the central high-frequency unit to adjust the wave width and cross polarization of the high-frequency radiating element.
  • the main features of the small-diameter bowl-shaped radiating unit of the present invention are small diameter and light weight, which can significantly reduce the size of the antenna, while ensuring the radiation performance index of the antenna to meet customer needs.
  • the application of multi-frequency antennas has little effect on high-frequency radiating elements, and is especially suitable for multi-frequency base station antennas with nested arrays of low-frequency units and high-frequency units.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram based on the Vivaldi antenna.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the radiation unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the reverse side of the radiation unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a high-frequency radiating element is arranged on the radiating unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a first embodiment of a multi-band bandwidth base station antenna using the radiating unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a second embodiment of a multi-band bandwidth base station antenna using the radiating unit of the present invention.
  • the radiating unit of the present invention uses the principle of Vivaldi antenna, as shown in Fig. 1, is provided with tapered gap slots 3 for transmitting and receiving radiation signals on its four corners, and two tapered gap slots distributed diagonally are a group , The two groups of gradually changing gap grooves are arranged orthogonally. Fold up along the dotted line in the figure to reduce the occupied horizontal area and reduce the aperture of the radiation unit, which is 0.3-0.4 times the working wavelength.
  • Fig. 2 is the radiating element obtained by folding and deforming along the dotted line in Fig. 1.
  • the radiating element has a bowl-shaped structure with a flat central platform 1 in the middle.
  • the folded edge 2 turned sideways, and the gradual gap groove 3 is formed between two adjacent folded edges 2.
  • the tapered gap slot 3 uses the Vivaldi antenna principle, and includes a slot 301 on the central platform 1, a transition slot line 302 connected to the slot 301, and a transition slot line 302 extending outward with a gradual gap. Increased gradient groove line 303.
  • the feeding point of the feeding unit is located near the transition slot line 302.
  • Changing the shape and size of the slot 301 at the rear of the feeding point and the opening angle of the gradual slot line 303 in the front part can mutually adjust the gap antenna input impedance to achieve the display bandwidth The role of. Further, by changing the length and width of the open-circuit branch of the feeding unit 4 on the feeding PCB, the standing wave effect can be adjusted. Increasing the thickness of the feeder PCB can also further increase the bandwidth.
  • the specific size of the tapered gap slot and the feed line form can refer to the Vivaldi antenna principle, which will not be described in detail in this article.
  • the openings of the gradual gap slots 3 at the four corners of the radiating unit are provided with dielectric sheets 5, the dielectric sheets 5 are provided with bayonet openings, and the adjacent folding edges 2 are fixed by the bayonets of the dielectric sheet 5.
  • the dielectric sheet 5 has the function of medium loading while ensuring the gap size.
  • the radiating unit of the present invention can work at low frequencies, and another high-frequency radiating element 11 can be arranged on the central platform 1 to realize the nested and superimposed installation of the high-frequency unit and the low-frequency unit to reduce the antenna size.
  • one side of the central platform 1 is provided with two matching circuit PCB boards 9, and the matching circuit PCB board 9 is provided with a microstrip line, which can meet the requirements of the feed unit 4 and the high-frequency radiation element 11. Feed demand. Changing the length and width of the transmission line on the matching circuit PCB 9 can further adjust the standing wave of the radiating unit.
  • the radiating unit can be hollowed out.
  • a hollowed-out window 6 is provided around the central platform 1 on the radiating unit, and the remaining part after hollowing out can be as thin as possible to reduce the high frequency and low frequency. Coupling can reduce the weight of the radiation unit.
  • the window 6 of the hollow structure can be opened on the plane part and the folded edge of the radiating unit at the same time.
  • the part of the window 6 on the plane of the radiating unit is located between the adjacent gradual gap grooves.
  • the hollowing makes the four corners of the radiating unit form two directions.
  • the arm-like structure 7 extends outward, and a gradual gap groove 3 is formed between the two arm-like structures.
  • the part of the window 6 of the hollow structure located on the folded edge 2 around the radiation unit makes the width of the middle of the folded edge smaller than the width of both sides, and only a thinner part is reserved at the middle edge of the folded edge 2 to connect its two ends.
  • the central platform 1 is provided with a folding sheet 8 that is folded in the same direction as the folding edge 2 around the central platform 1.
  • the four fold-over pieces 8 on the periphery surround the central platform 1 as the boundary of the central high-frequency unit of the bowl-shaped radiating unit, and adjust the wave width and cross polarization of the high-frequency unit.
  • the shown turning sheet 8 can be formed while hollowing out around the radiation unit. For example, a part of the periphery of the radiation unit is cut and folded upwards, the folded part forms the turning sheet 8, and the left gap forms a hollow window. 6.
  • the radiating unit of the present invention When the radiating unit of the present invention is applied to a communication antenna, it can be nested and installed with a high-frequency radiating element.
  • the radiating unit is installed on the reflector of the communication antenna and works at low frequencies, and is nested on the central platform of the radiating unit High frequency radiating element.
  • the multiple radiating units and multiple high-frequency radiating elements can be formed into different arrays on the reflector, and the arrays can be formed through different array methods to obtain communication antennas with different performances. According to different specific array modes, part or all of the high-frequency radiation elements can be correspondingly arranged on the central platform of the radiation unit.
  • Fig. 5 is an embodiment of a multi-band bandwidth base station antenna using the radiating unit of the present invention, which is a multi-frequency two-column coaxial base station antenna.
  • H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10 are high-frequency radiating elements, the frequency range is 1710MHz ⁇ 2690MHz, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 are used as working at low frequency Radiation unit, the frequency range is 698MHz ⁇ 960MHz.
  • the high-frequency radiating elements H1, H3, H5, H6, H8, H10 are nested in the radiating unit to reduce the space occupied, and other high-frequency radiating elements are directly mounted on the reflector.
  • the width of the multi-frequency antenna A only needs to be 466mm, which can meet the requirements of coaxial dual-row Performance indicators of multi-frequency base station antennas.
  • Fig. 6 is another embodiment of a multi-band bandwidth base station antenna using the radiating unit of the present invention.
  • the high-frequency band of the antenna is four-frequency, and the four-column array is arranged side by side.
  • the frequency range is 1710MHz ⁇ 2690MHz, and the low frequency is dual frequency.
  • the range is 698MHz ⁇ 960MHz, and the high and low frequency units adopt nested arrays.
  • B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, B11, B12, B13, B14, B15, B16, B17, B18, B19, B20 are high-frequency radiation elements
  • D1, D2 , D3, D4, D5, and D6 are radiating units that work at low frequencies.
  • B1, B3, B5, B6, B8, and B10 are respectively nested in D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6.
  • the space occupied by the radiable unit greatly reduces the width of the antenna to only 476mm.
  • the multi-frequency base station antenna adopting the novel small-aperture bowl-shaped radiating unit disclosed in the present invention can significantly reduce the size of the antenna, and at the same time can meet the performance indicators of customers, and is especially suitable for multi-frequency arrays of low-frequency units and high-frequency units. Base station antenna.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种通讯天线及其辐射单元，在辐射单元四个角上设有用于收发辐射信号的渐变间隙槽，呈对角线分布的两个渐变间隙槽为一组，两组渐变间隙槽呈正交布置，并由两个馈电单元分别馈电，所述辐射单元的中部为平板状的中央平台，辐射单元四周向同一侧翻起形成折边。通讯天线包括反射板和设置在反射板上的工作于低频的辐射单元，辐射单元的中央平台上设有高频辐射元件。本发明的辐射单元口径小、重量轻，可以显著减小天线的尺寸，同时又能保证天线的辐射性能指标，满足客户需求。运用于多频天线对高频振子影响小，尤其适用于低频单元与高频单元嵌套组阵的多频基站天线。

Description

一种通讯天线及其辐射单元 技术领域
本发明涉及一种通讯天线，具体地说是一种碗状的小口径辐射单元以及应用该辐射单元的通讯天线。
背景技术
辐射单元是组成天线的主要部分，它可以辐射和接收电磁波，从而实现无线通信。双极化辐射单元可以实现空间分集，同时可以工作在收发双工模式下，极大减小天线的数量和占用空间。辐射单元口径的大小、高度的高低直接影响天线尺寸的大小，目前客户对天线尺寸小型化的需求越来越高，而现有的辐射单元普遍口径大、高度高，导致天线尺寸过大，无法满足客户需求。因此，如何减小辐射单元口径是目前急需解决的问题。
维瓦尔第(Vivaldi)天线是线性渐变槽天线的一种改进形式，是一种按照指数形式渐变的端射式行波天线，一般由印刷电路技术制成。结构上是由从比较窄的金属槽线渐变到比较宽的金属槽线，而渐变形式使按照指数规律变化，从而在信号发射端形成喇叭形状开口，用来接收或者发射电磁波。天线槽线的不同部分分别接收和发射不同频率的电磁波信号。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有天线辐射单元口径偏大，在天线内部占用空间多，导致天线尺寸过大的问题，提供一种小口径辐射单元以及应用该辐射单元的通讯天线。本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种通讯天线的辐射单元，在其四个角上设有用于收发辐射信号的渐变间隙槽，呈对角线分布的两个渐变间隙槽为一组，两组渐变间隙槽呈正交布置，并由两个馈电单元分别馈电，所述辐射单元的中部为平板状的中央平台，辐射单元四周向同一侧翻起形成围绕中央平台的折边。
相邻两个折边之间由位于渐变间隙槽开口处的介质片固定。
所述的渐变间隙槽包括位于中央平台上的槽孔、与槽孔相接的过渡槽线，以及从过渡槽线开始向外延伸且间隙逐渐增大的渐变槽线。
所述辐射单元四周围绕中央平台设有镂空结构的窗口。
所述镂空结构的窗口位于相邻的渐变间隙槽之间的部分使辐射单元四角各形成两个向外延伸的臂状结构，两个臂状结构之间为渐变间隙槽。
所述镂空结构的窗口位于辐射单元四周折边上的部分使折边中部宽度小于两侧宽度。
所述中央平台四周设有与所述折边同向翻折的翻折片。
所述中央平台的上下两面分别设有馈电PCB板，两面的馈电PCB板分别给两组正交的渐变间隙槽馈电。
所述中央平台的一面设有匹配线路PCB板。
一种具有所述辐射单元的通讯天线，其包括反射板和设置在所述反射板上的工作于低频的所述辐射单元，在所述辐射单元的中央平台上设有高频辐射元件。
所述的反射板上设有多个所述辐射单元组成的低频阵列和多个高频辐射元件组成的高频阵列，其中部分或全部高频辐射元件对应设置在所述辐射单元的中央平台上。
本发明的有益效果是：该辐射单元运用维瓦尔第天线原理，通过变形在水平方向上折起一部分面积，使得水平方向上占用面积减少，形成小口径的碗状辐射单元。这种碗状辐射单元由于占用空间较小，在天线性能不变的情况下，能够减小天线的尺寸。
辐射单元的中部为中央平台，辐射单元工作于低频时，该中央平台上可另外安装高频辐射元件，实现低频单元与高频单元的嵌套叠加安装，从而进一步减小天线尺寸。
同时，在渐变间隙槽开口处设置介质片固定相邻的折边，在加强辐射单元结构稳定性的同时，介质片可起到介质加载的作用，在保证辐射性能。
本发明的碗状辐射单元，减小了辐射单元的口径，仅为0.3—0.4倍个工作波长。
在此基础上，将辐射单元的四周围绕中央平台设置为镂空结构，保留尽量细的部分，可减弱高频单元与低频单元之间的耦合，并有减轻辐射单元重量的作用。
进一步的，在中央平台四周设置翻折的翻折片，可作为中心高频单元的边界，调整高频辐射元件的波宽及交叉极化。
因此，本发明的小口径碗状辐射单元主要特点是口径小、重量轻，可以显著减小天线的尺寸，同时又能保证天线的辐射性能指标，满足客户需求。运用于多频天线对高频辐射元件影响小，尤其适用于低频单元与高频单元嵌套组阵的多频基站天线。
附图说明
图1是基于维瓦耳第天线的原理图。
图2是本发明辐射单元的正面示意图。
图3是本发明辐射单元的反面示意图。
图4是本发明辐射单元上设置高频辐射元件的实施例示意图。
图5运用本发明辐射单元的多频带宽基站天线第一实施例。
图6是运用本发明辐射单元的多频带宽基站天线第二实施例。
图中标记：1、中央平台，2、折边，3、渐变间隙槽，301、槽孔，302、过渡槽线， 303、渐变槽线，4、馈电单元，5、介质片，6、窗口，7、臂状结构，8、翻折片，9、匹配线路PCB板，10、反射板，11、高频辐射元件。
H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H6、H7、H8、H9、H10为高频辐射元件；L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6为辐射单元；B1、B2、B3、B4、B5、B6、B7、B8、B9、B10、B11、B12、B13、B14、B15、B16、B17、B18、B19、B20为高频辐射元件；D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6为辐射单元。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例具体说明本发明的实施方式。
本发明的辐射单元运用维瓦尔第天线原理，如图1所示，在其四个角上设有用于收发辐射信号的渐变间隙槽3，呈对角线分布的两个渐变间隙槽为一组，两组渐变间隙槽呈正交布置。沿图中虚线部分折起，使占用的水平面积减小，可缩小辐射单元的口径，其口径为0.3—0.4倍个工作波长。
图2是图1中沿虚线部分折起后经过变形得到的辐射单元，该辐射单元呈碗状结构，其中部为平板状的中央平台1，四周边缘折起后，在辐射单元四周形成向同一侧翻起的折边2，相邻两个折边2之间为渐变间隙槽3。
两组正交布置的渐变间隙槽由两个馈电单元4分别馈电，在所述中央平台1的上下两面可分别设置馈电PCB板，馈电PCB板设置微带线形式的馈电单元4，两面的馈电PCB板分别给两组正交的渐变间隙槽馈电，可避免线路交叉。所述的渐变间隙槽3运用维瓦尔第天线原理，包括位于中央平台1上的槽孔301、与槽孔301相接的过渡槽线302，以及从过渡槽线302开始向外延伸且间隙逐渐增大的渐变槽线303。馈电单元的馈电点位于过渡槽线302附近，改变馈电点后部分的槽孔301形状及大小与前部分渐变槽线303的张角大小可以相互调节间隙天线输入阻抗，从而达到展现带宽的作用。进一步的，改变馈电PCB板上馈电单元4的开路支节长度、宽度，可以调节驻波作用。增加馈电PCB板的厚度，也可以进一步的增加带宽。渐变间隙槽的具体尺寸和馈电线路形式可参照维瓦尔第天线原理，本文不再详细描述。
如图2—4所示，在辐射单元四角的渐变间隙槽3的开口处均设置有介质片5，介质片5上有卡口，相邻的折边2由介质片5的卡口固定，保持辐射单元结构稳固。介质片5在保证间隙尺寸的同时有介质加载的作用，通过选用不同的介质材料，调节介质的介电常数大小可以使辐射单元的输入阻抗随频率的变化改变缓慢，从而起到拓展带宽和调节驻波的作用。
如图4所示，本发明的辐射单元可工作于低频，其中央平台1上可设置另外的高频辐射元件11，实现高频单元与低频单元的嵌套叠加安装，以减小天线尺寸。
如图2和图3所示，所述中央平台1的一面设有两个匹配线路PCB板9，匹配线路PCB板9上设置微带线，可满足馈电单元4及高频辐射元件11的馈电需求。改变匹配线路PCB板9上传输线的长宽可以进一步的调试辐射单元的驻波。
如图2—4所示，所述辐射单元四周可做金属镂空处理，在辐射单元上围绕中央平台1设置镂空结构的窗口6，镂空后保留的部分尽量细，既可减弱高频与低频的耦合，又可减轻辐射单元的重量。
该镂空结构的窗口6可同时开在辐射单元的平面部分和折边上，窗口6在辐射单元平面上的部分位于相邻的渐变间隙槽之间，该镂空使辐射单元四角各形成两个向外延伸的臂状结构7，两个臂状结构之间为渐变间隙槽3。镂空结构的窗口6位于辐射单元四周折边2上的部分使折边中部宽度小于两侧宽度，在折边2的中部边缘仅保留较细的部分以连接其两端。
进一步的，如图2—4所示，所述中央平台1四周设有与所述折边2同向翻折的翻折片8。四周的四个翻折片8围绕中央平台1，作为碗状辐射单元中心高频单元边界，调整高频单元的波宽及交叉极化。所示的翻折片8可以在辐射单元四周镂空的同时形成，例如，将辐射单元四周的一部分切割后向上翻折，翻折的部分形成翻折片8，留下的缺口则形成镂空的窗口6。
将本发明的辐射单元运用于通讯天线时，可与高频辐射元件配合嵌套安装，所述辐射单元安装在通讯天线的反射板上，工作于低频，在辐射单元的中央平台上嵌套设置高频辐射元件。
多个所述辐射单元和多个高频辐射元件可在反射板上组成不同的阵列，通过不同的组阵方式组成阵列，可以得到不同性能的通讯天线。根据具体组阵方式不同，可将部分或全部高频辐射元件对应设置在所述辐射单元的中央平台上。
图5是运用本发明辐射单元的多频带宽基站天线的一种实施例，为多频两列共轴基站天线。其中H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H6、H7、H8、H9、H10是高频辐射元件，频率范围为1710MHz～2690MHz，L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6是作为工作于低频的辐射单元，频率范围为698MHz～960MHz。其中，高频辐射元件H1、H3、H5、H6、H8、H10嵌套于辐射单元里，减小占比空间，其它的高频辐射元件直接安装在反射板上。
因本发明的辐射单元尺寸口径相比现有的低频单元要小的多，且部分高频单元嵌套于 低频单元中，该多频天线A的宽度只需466mm，即可满足共轴双列多频基站天线的性能指标。
图6是运用本发明辐射单元的多频带宽基站天线的另一种实施例，该天线高频频段为四频，采用四列并排方式组阵，频率范围为1710MHz～2690MHz，低频为双频，频率范围为698MHz～960MHz，高低频单元采用嵌套式组阵。其中，B1、B2、B3、B4、B5、B6、B7、B8、B9、B10、B11、B12、B13、B14、B15、B16、B17、B18、B19、B20是高频辐射元件，D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6是工作于低频的辐射单元。其中，B1、B3、B5、B6、B8和B10分别嵌套于D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6中，可辐射单元的占比空间，大幅缩小天线的宽度，宽度仅为476mm。
采用本发明公开的新型小口径碗状辐射单元的多频基站天线可以显著减小天线的尺寸，同时又能满足客户的性能指标，尤其适用于低频单元与高频单元嵌套组阵的多频基站天线。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：在其四个角上设有用于收发辐射信号的渐变间隙槽(3)，呈对角线分布的两个渐变间隙槽为一组，两组渐变间隙槽呈正交布置，并由两个馈电单元(4)分别馈电，所述辐射单元的中部为平板状的中央平台(1)，辐射单元四周向同一侧翻起形成围绕中央平台(1)的折边(2)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：相邻两个折边(2)之间由位于渐变间隙槽(3)开口处的介质片(5)固定。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：所述辐射单元四周围绕中央平台(1)设有镂空结构的窗口(6)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：所述镂空结构的窗口(6)位于相邻的渐变间隙槽之间的部分使辐射单元四角各形成两个向外延伸的臂状结构(7)，两个臂状结构之间为渐变间隙槽(3)。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：所述镂空结构的窗口(6)位于辐射单元四周折边(2)上的部分使折边中部宽度小于两侧宽度。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：所述中央平台(1)四周设有与所述折边(2)同向翻折的翻折片(8)。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：所述中央平台(1)的上下两面分别设有馈电PCB板，两面的馈电PCB板分别给两组正交的渐变间隙槽馈电。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种通讯天线的辐射单元，其特征在于：所述中央平台(1)的一面设有匹配线路PCB板(9)。
  9. 一种具有权利要求1—8任一项所述辐射单元的通讯天线，其特征在于：其包括反射板(10)和设置在所述反射板(10)上的工作于低频的所述辐射单元，在所述辐射单元的中央平台上设有高频辐射元件。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的通讯天线，其特征在于：所述的反射板(10)上设有多个所述辐射单元组成的低频阵列和多个高频辐射元件组成的高频阵列，其中部分或全部高频辐射元件对应设置在所述辐射单元的中央平台上。
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