WO2020158420A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technology for a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and moves lithium ions or the like between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to perform charge/discharge Widely used.
- the following are known examples of the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 Li x Ni 1-yz-v-w Co y AlzM 1 v M 2 w O 2 , and the element M 1 in the formula 1 is Mn or Ti. , Y, Nb, Mo and W, and the element M 2 in Formula 1 is at least two selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba. Further, the element M 2 contains at least Mg and Ca, and the formula 1 is 0.97 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1, 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.35, 0.005 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1. , 0.0001 ⁇ v ⁇ 0.05, and 0.0001 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.05, a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is disclosed.
- the composition is represented by the following formula (I), and at least one element selected from Mo, W, Nb, Ta and Re is Mn in the formula (I):
- a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery characterized by being contained in a proportion of 0.1 mol% or more and 5 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of Ni and Co. ..
- L is an element containing at least Li
- M is an element containing at least Ni, Mn and Co, or Li, Ni, Mn and Co, 0.4 ⁇ Ni/(Mn+Ni+Co) molar ratio ⁇ 0.7 0.1 ⁇ Mn/(Mn+Ni+Co) molar ratio ⁇ 0.4 0.1 ⁇ Co/(Mn+Ni+Co) molar ratio ⁇ 0.3
- the molar ratio of Li in M is 0 or more and 0.05 or less).
- a lithium transition metal oxide in which the proportion of Ni is 90 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% with respect to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li is expected as a positive electrode active material exhibiting high battery performance.
- the battery resistance increases.
- Co in an amount of 5 mol% or more, as in Patent Document 1, but since cobalt is expensive, Co is added from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost. It is desired to suppress the content.
- a lithium transition metal oxide in which the proportion of Ni is in the range of 90 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% with respect to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li even if the content of Co is suppressed, at low temperature. It is an object of the present invention to provide a positive electrode active material and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of suppressing the increase in the battery resistance.
- a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one embodiment of the present disclosure, has a layered structure, and is a lithium transition metal oxide containing Ni, Nb, a metal element having a valence of 4 or more other than Nb, and an optional element, Co. And externally-added particles containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, B, and Al and adhering to the particle surface of the lithium transition metal oxide, and excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the ratio of Ni to the total amount of metal elements is in the range of 90 mol% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 100 mol%, and the ratio of Nb to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide is 0 mol% ⁇ Nb.
- the ratio of Co to the total amount of metallic elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide is Co ⁇ 2.0 mol %, and is present in the Li layer of the layered structure.
- the ratio of the metal elements other than Li to the lithium transition metal oxide is in the range of 1 mol% to 2.5 mol% with respect to the total amount of the metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the half-value width n of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern by X-ray diffraction is 0.30° ⁇ n ⁇ 0.50°, and the external addition to the total amount of the lithium transition metal oxide is
- the ratio of W, B and Al in the particles is characterized by being 0.01 mol% or more and 0.3 mol% or less.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the lithium transition metal oxide in which the proportion of Ni is in the range of 90 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% with respect to the total amount of metal elements except Li. It is possible to suppress an increase in battery resistance at low temperatures.
- a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one embodiment of the present disclosure, has a layered structure, and is a lithium transition metal oxide containing Ni, Nb, a metal element having a valence of 4 or more other than Nb, and an optional element, Co. And externally-added particles containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, B, and Al and adhering to the particle surface of the lithium transition metal oxide, and excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the ratio of Ni to the total amount of metal elements is in the range of 90 mol% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 100 mol%, and the ratio of Nb to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide is 0 mol% ⁇ Nb.
- the ratio of Co to the total amount of metallic elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide is Co ⁇ 2.0 mol %, and is present in the Li layer of the layered structure.
- the ratio of the metal elements other than Li to the lithium transition metal oxide is in the range of 1 mol% to 2.5 mol% with respect to the total amount of the metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the half-value width n of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern by X-ray diffraction is 0.30° ⁇ n ⁇ 0.50°, and the external addition to the total amount of the lithium transition metal oxide is
- the ratio of W, B and Al in the particles is characterized by being 0.01 mol% or more and 0.3 mol% or less.
- the increase in battery resistance at low temperatures is suppressed.
- the content of Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide is too large, a large amount of divalent Ni is present in the layered structure of the lithium transition metal oxide, and the layered structure becomes unstable, The battery capacity may decrease. If the proportion of W, B and Al in the externally added particles is too large with respect to the total amount of lithium transition metal oxide, Li in the lithium transition metal oxide may be extracted and the battery capacity may decrease. is there.
- the lithium transition metal oxide contains a tetravalent or higher valent metal element other than Nb, and a predetermined amount of a metal element other than Li is present in the layered Li layer. Therefore, it is considered that the layered structure is further stabilized, and for example, it becomes possible to suppress the decrease in battery capacity.
- the half value width of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern by X-ray diffraction is within the above-described predetermined range, so that the Li layer and the transition metal layer having the layered structure are It is considered that an appropriate fluctuation occurs in the arrangement, which leads to stabilization of the layered structure, and for example, it becomes possible to suppress a decrease in battery capacity.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of the embodiment, includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. It is preferable to provide a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Specifically, it has a structure in which a wound-type electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound with a separator interposed therebetween and a non-aqueous electrolyte are housed in an exterior body.
- the electrode body is not limited to the wound type electrode body, and other forms of electrode body such as a laminated type electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator may be applied.
- the form of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical type, a square type, a coin type, a button type, and a laminate type.
- the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the separator used in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of the embodiment, will be described in detail.
- the positive electrode is composed of a positive electrode current collector such as a metal foil and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- a positive electrode current collector such as a metal foil and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- a metal foil such as aluminum that is stable in the positive electrode potential range, a film in which the metal is disposed on the surface layer, and the like can be used.
- the positive electrode active material layer contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the like.
- the positive electrode is formed, for example, by forming a positive electrode active material layer on the positive electrode current collector by applying and drying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material and the like on the positive electrode current collector, It is obtained by rolling the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode active material has a layered structure, and includes a lithium transition metal oxide containing a tetravalent or higher valent metal element other than Ni, Nb, and Nb and an optional element Co, and at least one of W, B, and Al. Externally added particles containing an element and attached to the surface of the particles of the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the lithium transition metal oxide having a layered structure and containing tetravalent or higher valent metal elements other than Ni, Nb, and Nb and optional Co is referred to as “lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment”.
- Examples of the layered structure of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment include a layered structure belonging to the space group R-3m and a layered structure belonging to the space group C2/m.
- the layered structure belonging to the space group R-3m is preferable from the viewpoints of high capacity and stability of the layered structure.
- the ratio of Ni to the total amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment may be in the range of 90 mol% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 100 mol%, but in terms of increasing the capacity of the battery and the like. , And preferably in the range of 92 mol% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 96 mol%.
- the ratio of Nb to the total amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment is in the range of 0 mol% ⁇ Nb ⁇ 3 mol% in terms of suppressing an increase in battery resistance at low temperatures.
- the range is preferably 0.2 mol% ⁇ Nb ⁇ 2.0 mol%, more preferably 0.2 mol% ⁇ Nb ⁇ 1.5 mol%. Even if the Nb content exceeds 3 mol %, it is possible to suppress the increase in battery resistance at low temperatures, but since unstable bivalent Ni is present in a large amount in the layered structure, The layered structure may become unstable and the battery capacity may decrease.
- Examples of the tetravalent or higher metal element other than Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment include Ti, Mn, Sn, Zr, Si, Mo, W, Ta, V and Cr.
- the lithium transition metal oxide contains a metal element having a valence of 4 or more other than Nb, the layered structure is more stabilized, which leads to a reduction in battery capacity and the like.
- Mn and Ti are preferable, and Mn is particularly preferable, from the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in battery capacity.
- the content of a metal element having a valence of 4 or more other than Nb is preferably, for example, 1 mol% to 5 mol% with respect to the total amount of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment.
- the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment may contain a metal element other than Li, Ni, Nb, and a tetravalent or higher metal element other than Nb, and Co, and a metal element other than the above metal elements.
- a metal element other than Li, Ni, Nb, and a tetravalent or higher metal element other than Nb, and Co and a metal element other than the above metal elements.
- Al, Fe, Mg, Cu, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Bi, Be, Zn, Ca and B are preferable, and Al is particularly preferable, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in battery capacity.
- the content of the elements constituting the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment is determined by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analyzer (ICP-AES), electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. Can be measured by ICP-AES, electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. Can be measured by ICP-AES), electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. Can be measured by ICP-AES), electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. Can be measured by ICP-AES, electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. Can be measured by ICP-AES, electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. Can be
- a metal element other than Li is present in the Li layer having the layered structure.
- the ratio of the metal elements other than Li existing in the Li layer having the layered structure is 1 mol with respect to the total amount of the metal elements excluding Li in the lithium transition metal oxide, in terms of suppressing a decrease in battery capacity.
- % And 2.5 mol% or less preferably 1 mol% or more and 2 mol% or less.
- the metal element other than Li present in the Li layer having the layered structure is mainly Ni because of the ratio of the elements constituting the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment, but other metal elements may be present.
- the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer of the layered structure is obtained from the Rietveld analysis result of the X-ray diffraction pattern of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment measured by X-ray diffraction.
- the full width at half maximum n of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern by the above X-ray diffraction is 0.30° from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in battery capacity.
- the range is ⁇ n ⁇ 0.50°, preferably 0.30° ⁇ n ⁇ 0.45°.
- the lattice constant a indicating the a-axis length of the crystal structure obtained from the result of the X-ray diffraction pattern by the X-ray diffraction is in the range of 2.870 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.877 ⁇ .
- the lattice constant c indicating the c-axis length is preferably in the range of 14.18 ⁇ c ⁇ 14.21 ⁇ .
- the lattice constant a When the lattice constant a is larger than 2.877 ⁇ , the interatomic distance in the crystal structure becomes wide and the structure becomes unstable, and the battery capacity may decrease as compared with the case where the above range is satisfied. Further, when the lattice constant c is smaller than 14.18 ⁇ , the interatomic distance in the crystal structure becomes short and the structure becomes unstable, and the battery capacity may decrease as compared with the case where the above range is satisfied. In addition, when the lattice constant c is larger than 14.21 ⁇ , the interatomic distance in the crystal structure becomes wide and the structure becomes unstable, and the battery capacity may decrease as compared with the case where the above range is satisfied.
- the crystallite size s calculated by the Scherrer equation from the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak of the (104) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern by the X-ray diffraction is 400 ⁇
- the range is ⁇ s ⁇ 700 ⁇ , preferably 400 ⁇ s ⁇ 550 ⁇ .
- K K ⁇ /Bcos ⁇
- s the crystallite size
- ⁇ the wavelength of X-rays
- B the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak on the (104) plane
- ⁇ the diffraction angle (rad)
- K the Scherrer constant.
- K is 0.9.
- the content of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment is preferably 90% by mass or more, and 99% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material, for example, from the viewpoint of improving charge/discharge efficiency. Is preferred.
- the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment may contain other lithium transition metal oxides in addition to the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment.
- examples of other lithium transition metal oxides include lithium transition metal oxides having a Ni content of 0 mol% to less than 90 mol%.
- the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment contains at least one of W, B and Al, and the externally added particles attached to the particle surface of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment.
- the particle surface refers to at least one of the surface of the secondary particles formed by aggregating the primary particles and the surface of the primary particles inside the secondary particles. That is, the externally added particles are attached to the surfaces of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal oxide, the surfaces of the primary particles inside the secondary particles, or both surfaces.
- the surface of the secondary particles has the same meaning as the surface of the primary particles existing on the surface of the secondary particles.
- External additive particles containing at least one of W, B and Al are, for example, external additive particles containing W, B and Al, external additive particles containing W and B, external additive particles containing W and Al, At least one of external additive particles containing B and Al, external additive particles containing W, external additive particles containing B, and external additive particles containing Al.
- the externally added particles containing at least one of W, B and Al are, for example, an oxide containing at least one of W, B and Al or a salt thereof.
- Examples of the externally added particles containing W include tungsten oxides such as WO 2, WO 3 and W 2 O 5 , and salts of tungsten oxide such as lithium tungstate.
- Examples of the externally-added particles containing B include boron oxide such as B 2 O 3 and a salt of boron oxide such as lithium borate.
- particles containing Al include aluminum oxide such as Al 2 O 3 and the like.
- the externally added particles are not limited to oxides or salts thereof, and may be nitrides, hydroxides, carbonic acid compounds, sulfuric acid compounds, phosphoric acid compounds, nitric acid compounds and the like.
- the content of the externally added particles containing at least one of W, B and Al is 0.01 in terms of the ratio of W, B and Al in the externally added particles to the total amount of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment. It may be in the range of from mol% to 0.3 mol%, preferably from 0.05 mol% to 0.3 mol%, more preferably from 0.05 mol% to 0.25 mol%. If the proportion of W, B and Al is less than 0.01 mol %, the effect of suppressing the increase in battery resistance at low temperatures cannot be obtained. Further, even when the ratio of W, B and Al exceeds 0.3 mol %, it is possible to suppress an increase in battery resistance at low temperatures, but lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide is extracted. As a result, the battery capacity may decrease.
- the method for producing a lithium transition metal oxide according to the present embodiment includes, for example, a compound containing a tetravalent or higher valent metal element other than Ni and Nb and another metal element (Co, Al, etc.) as an optional element, a Li compound, A first firing step of firing a mixture containing an Nb-containing compound in a firing furnace under a stream of oxygen to a first set temperature of 450° C. or higher and 680° C. or lower at a first heating rate; and the first firing step.
- a multi-step firing step including a second firing step of firing the fired product obtained by the above-mentioned method in a firing furnace under a stream of oxygen at a second heating rate up to a second set temperature of more than 680°C and 800°C or less Is preferably provided.
- the first heating rate is in the range of 1.5° C./min or more and 5.5° C./min or less
- the second heating rate is slower than the first heating rate and is 0.1° C./min. It is preferably in the range of not less than 3.5° C./min.
- the proportion of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer of the layered structure in the finally obtained lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment is more than that in the one-stage firing (208 It becomes easy to adjust each parameter such as the half width n of the diffraction peak of the) plane, the lattice constant a, the lattice constant c, the crystallite size s, etc. within the above-specified range.
- the details of the first firing step and the second firing step will be described.
- the tetravalent or higher valent metal element other than Ni and Nb and the optional metal element-containing compound used in the first firing step are, for example, tetravalent or higher valent metal elements other than Ni and Nb, and other metal elements (Co , Al, etc.) and the like.
- the oxide is, for example, an alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide added dropwise while stirring a solution of a metal salt containing a metal having a valence of 4 or more other than Ni and Nb and another metal of an optional element to adjust the pH to the alkali side.
- a complex hydroxide containing a metal element having a valence of 4 or more other than Ni and Nb and another metal of an optional element is precipitated (coprecipitated), It is obtained by firing a hydroxide.
- the firing temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 400°C to 600°C.
- the Li compound used in the first firing step is, for example, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate or the like.
- the Nb-containing compound used in the first firing step is, for example, niobium oxide, lithium niobate, niobium chloride or the like, and niobium oxide is particularly preferable.
- Nb is not included in the tetravalent or higher valent metal elements other than Ni and Nb and any metal element-containing compound used in the method for producing the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment, and the Nb-containing compound contains Ni or the like. It is preferable that no other metal element is contained.
- the mixing ratio of Ni and any metal element-containing compound, Li compound, and Nb-containing compound may be set as appropriate, for example, a layered structure of a lithium transition metal oxide.
- the ratios of metal elements other than Li existing in the Li layer of the structure, the half width n of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane, the lattice constant a, the lattice constant c, the crystallite size s, and other parameters are adjusted to the above-specified ranges. From the viewpoint that it is easy to do so, it is preferable that the molar ratio of metallic element excluding Li:Li is in the range of 1:0.98 to 1:1.08.
- the first set temperature in the first firing step is preferably 450° C. or higher and 680° C. or lower, more preferably 550° C. or higher, in that the above parameters of the lithium transition metal oxide are adjusted to the above-specified ranges. It is in the range of 680°C or lower.
- the first heating rate in the first firing step is preferably 1.5° C./min or more and 5.5° C./min or less in terms of adjusting the above-mentioned parameters of the lithium transition metal oxide to the above-specified ranges.
- the range is more preferably 2.0° C./min or more and 5.0° C. min or less.
- a plurality of first heating rates may be set for each temperature region as long as they are within the specified range.
- the firing start temperature (initial temperature) of the first firing step is, for example, in the range of room temperature to 200° C. or lower.
- the holding time of the first set temperature in the first firing step is preferably 0 hours or more and 5 hours or less, and 0 hours or more and 3 hours or less in terms of adjusting the above-mentioned parameters of the lithium transition metal oxide to the ranges specified above. More preferable.
- the holding time of the first set temperature is the time for maintaining the first set temperature after reaching the first set temperature.
- the second preset temperature in the second firing step is preferably in the range of more than 680° C. and 800° C. or less, more preferably 680° C. or more in terms of adjusting the above parameters of the lithium transition metal oxide to the above-specified ranges. It is in the range of 750°C or lower.
- the second heating rate in the second firing step is preferably slower than the first heating rate and is 0.1° C./min or more in terms of adjusting the above parameters of the lithium transition metal oxide to the above-specified ranges.
- the range is 3.5° C./min or less, and more preferably the range is 0.2° C./min or more and 2.5° C./min or less.
- a plurality of second heating rates may be set for each temperature region as long as they are within the above-specified range.
- the second heating rate is set to the heating rate A from the first set temperature to 680° C. and the heating rate B from 680° C. to the second set temperature. May be divided into The temperature increase rate B in the latter stage is preferably slower than the temperature increase rate A in the former stage.
- the holding time of the second set temperature in the second firing step is preferably 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less, and preferably 1 hour or more and 5 hours or less in terms of adjusting the above-mentioned parameters of the lithium transition metal oxide to the above-specified ranges. More preferable.
- the holding time of the second set temperature is the time for maintaining the second set temperature after reaching the second set temperature.
- the oxygen concentration in the oxygen flow is set to 60% or more, and the flow rate of the oxygen flow is The range is preferably 0.2 mL/min to 4 mL/min per 10 cm 3 of the firing furnace and 0.3 L/min or more per 1 kg of the mixture.
- the maximum pressure applied to the inside of the firing furnace is preferably in the range of 0.1 kPa or more and 1.0 kPa or less in addition to the pressure outside the firing furnace.
- Examples of the method for attaching the externally added particles containing at least one metal element of W, B and Al to the particle surface of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment include, for example, the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment.
- a method of adding a solution in which a compound containing at least one metal element of W, B and Al is dissolved or dispersed, or while mixing the particles of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment A wet method such as a method of adding (for example, spraying) a solution in which a compound containing at least one metal element of W, B and Al is dissolved or dispersed; particles of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment;
- Examples of the dry method include mixing particles of a compound containing at least one metal element of B and Al with each other.
- externally added particles containing at least one metal element of W, B and Al can be attached to the surface of the particles of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment.
- the particles of the lithium transition metal oxide to which the externally added particles containing at least one metal element of W, B and Al are attached are preferably heat-treated at 100° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower, for example.
- the temperature is lower than 100°C, the adhesive force of the externally added particles containing at least one metal element of W, B and Al is low, and the amount of the externally added particles desorbed from the particle surface of the lithium transition metal oxide increases.
- the temperature exceeds 400° C. the proportion of metal elements other than Li existing in the Li layer of the layered structure of the lithium transition metal oxide of the present embodiment may increase, and the battery capacity may decrease.
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode active material layer include carbon powder such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, and graphite. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. You may use.
- binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer examples include fluorine-based polymers and rubber-based polymers.
- fluorine-based polymer examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and modified products thereof
- rubber-based polymer examples include ethylene-propylene-isoprene copolymer. Examples thereof include a combination and an ethylene-propylene-butadiene copolymer. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector such as a metal foil, and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode current collector such as a metal foil
- a negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer contains, for example, a negative electrode active material, a binder, a thickener, and the like.
- the negative electrode for example, by forming a negative electrode active material layer on the negative electrode current collector by applying and drying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a thickener, a binder on the negative electrode current collector, It is obtained by rolling the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active material layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, and for example, a carbon material or an alloy with lithium can be formed.
- a metal include alloy compounds containing the metal, and the like.
- the carbon material natural graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, graphites such as artificial graphite, cokes and the like can be used, and the alloy compound includes at least one metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium.
- the element capable of forming an alloy with lithium is preferably silicon or tin, and silicon oxide, tin oxide, or the like in which these are combined with oxygen can also be used. Further, a mixture of the above carbon material and a compound of silicon or tin can be used.
- a material having a higher charge/discharge potential for metallic lithium such as lithium titanate than a carbon material can be used.
- a fluorine-based polymer, a rubber-based polymer, or the like can be used as in the case of the positive electrode, but a styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) or a modified form thereof is used.
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
- the body or the like may be used.
- fluorine resin, PAN, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, polyolefin resin or the like can be used as in the case of the positive electrode.
- Examples of the thickener contained in the negative electrode active material layer include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is not limited to a liquid electrolyte (non-aqueous electrolyte solution), and may be a solid electrolyte using a gel polymer or the like.
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these can be used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is replaced with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- esters examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methylpropyl carbonate.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methylpropyl carbonate.
- Chain carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl propyl carbonate and methyl isopropyl carbonate, cyclic carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL), methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP ), chain carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl propionate and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- VTL ⁇ -valerolactone
- MP methyl propionate
- chain carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl propionate and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4.
- cyclic ethers such as crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , Dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxytoluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, o-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2-diethoxy Chain ethers such as ethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, 1,2-diethoxy Chain ethers such as ethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl
- a fluorinated cyclic carbonic acid ester such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), a fluorinated chain carbonic acid ester, or a fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP). ..
- the electrolyte salt is preferably a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt LiBF 4, LiClO 4, LiPF 6, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, Li (P (C 2 O 4) F 4), LiPF 6-x (C n F 2n+1 ) x (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, n is 1 or 2), LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, lithium chloroborane, lower aliphatic lithium carboxylate, Li 2 B 4 O 7 , borate such as Li(B(C 2 O 4 )F 2 ), LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 1 F 2l+1 SO 2 )(C m F 2m+1 SO 2 ) ⁇ l , M is an integer of 0 or more ⁇ and the like.
- lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- LiPF 6 is preferably used from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and the like.
- concentration of the lithium salt is preferably 0.8 to 1.8 mol per 1 L of the non-aqueous solvent.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used.
- the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, woven fabric, non-woven fabric and the like.
- Suitable materials for the separator are olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and cellulose.
- the separator may be a laminate having a cellulose fiber layer and a thermoplastic resin fiber layer such as an olefin-based resin, or may be a separator whose surface is coated with an aramid resin or the like.
- a filler layer containing an inorganic filler may be formed at the interface between the separator and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the inorganic filler for example, an oxide containing at least one of titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and magnesium (Mg), a phosphoric acid compound, or the surface thereof is treated with hydroxide or the like. Some of them are listed.
- the filler layer can be formed, for example, by applying a slurry containing the filler to the surface of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or the separator.
- Example 1 [Preparation of positive electrode active material] A composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al and Mn (Ni 0.91 Co 0.01 Al 0.04 Mn 0.04 O 2 ), LiOH and Nb 2 O 3 were added to Ni, Nb, Co, A mixture was obtained by mixing the total amount of Al and Mn so that the molar ratio of Li was 1:1.03. The mixture was put into a firing furnace, and the mixture was heated under an oxygen flow of 95% oxygen concentration (flow rate of 2 mL/min per 10 cm 3 and 5 L/min per 1 kg of mixture) at a heating rate of 2.0° C./min.
- lithium transition metal oxide of Example 1 After firing from room temperature to 650°C, firing was performed from 650°C to 710°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C/min. The fired product was washed with water to obtain a lithium transition metal oxide. This was designated as the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 1.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 1 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that WO 3 powder was changed to H 3 BO 3 powder in the method for producing a positive electrode active material of Example 1.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 2 were as shown in Table 1.
- a diffraction line showing a layered structure was confirmed, and the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer was 1 It was 0.6 mol% and the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane was 0.45°.
- Example 2 when the obtained powder was analyzed by SEM-EDX, it was found that particles containing boron were attached to the surface of the particles of the lithium transition metal oxide. This was used as the positive electrode active material of Example 2.
- Example 3 A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that WO 3 powder was Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 powder in the method for producing a positive electrode active material of Example 1.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn, and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 3 were as shown in Table 1. Further, as a result of performing powder X-ray diffraction measurement on the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 3, a diffraction line showing a layered structure was confirmed, and the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer was 2 It was 0.2 mol% and the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane was 0.48°.
- Example 4 In the positive electrode active material manufacturing method of Example 1, in addition to WO 3 powder, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 powder was added so that the ratio of Al element to the lithium transition metal oxide was 0.05 mol %. A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above. The proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 4 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 In the positive electrode active material manufacturing method of Example 1, in addition to the WO 3 powder, the H 3 BO 3 powder was added so that the ratio of B element to the lithium transition metal oxide is 0.1 mol%, Al 2 (SO 4 ) A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 powder was added so that the ratio of Al element to the lithium transition metal oxide was 0.05 mol %.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 5 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 6> In the positive electrode active material manufacturing method of Example 1, in addition to the WO 3 powder and the H 3 BO 3 powder except that the ratio of B element to the lithium transition metal oxide was added to a 0.1 mol% Example A lithium transition metal oxide was prepared in the same manner as in 1. The proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn, and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 6 were as shown in Table 1. In addition, as a result of performing powder X-ray diffraction measurement on the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 6, a diffraction line showing a layered structure was confirmed, and the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer was 2 %, and the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak on the (208) plane was 0.44°.
- Example 7 In the method for producing the positive electrode active material of Example 1, WO 3 powder was used as H 3 BO 3 powder, and H 3 BO 3 powder was added so that the ratio of B element to the lithium transition metal oxide was 0.01 mol %. A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above. The proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 7 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 8> A composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al and Mn (Ni 0.91 Co 0.01 Al 0.04 Mn 0.04 O 2 ), LiOH and Nb 2 O 3 were added to Ni, Nb, Co, The total amount of Al and Mn was mixed so that the molar ratio of Li was 1:1.03, and the total amount of Ni, Co, Al and Mn of the composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al and Mn and Nb of Nb.
- a lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar ratio was 100:0.05.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 8 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 the lithium transition metal oxide particles of Example 8 were heat-treated at 180° C. after adding WO 3 powder in the same manner as in Example 1. When the obtained powder was analyzed by SEM-EDX, it was found that particles containing tungsten were attached to the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide particles. This was used as the positive electrode active material of Example 8.
- Example 9 A composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al, and Mn (Ni 0.905 Co 0.015 Al 0.05 Mn 0.03 O 2 ), LiOH, and Nb 2 O 3 were added to Ni, Nb, Co, and A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the total amount of Al and Mn and the molar ratio of Li were mixed to be 1:1.03.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 9 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 the lithium transition metal oxide particles of Example 9 were heat-treated at 180° C. after adding WO 3 powder in the same manner as in Example 1. When the obtained powder was analyzed by SEM-EDX, it was found that particles containing tungsten were attached to the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide particles. This was used as the positive electrode active material of Example 9.
- Example 10 A composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al and Mn (Ni 0.915 Co 0.01 Al 0.5 Mn 0.025 O 2 ), LiOH, and Nb 2 O 3 were added to Ni, Nb, Co, A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the total amount of Al and Mn and the molar ratio of Li were mixed to be 1:1.03. The proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Example 10 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 the lithium transition metal oxide particles of Example 10 were heat-treated at 180° C. after adding WO 3 powder in the same manner as in Example 1. When the obtained powder was analyzed by SEM-EDX, it was found that particles containing tungsten were attached to the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide particles. This was used as the positive electrode active material of Example 10.
- Example 11 A composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al, and Mn (Ni 0.92 Al 0.05 Mn 0.03 O 2 ), LiOH, and LiNbO 3 were added, and the total amount of Ni, Nb, Al, and Mn was added to Li.
- a lithium transition metal oxide was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was mixed so that the molar ratio of was 1.01:3. The proportions of Ni, Al, Mn, and Nb in Example 11 were as shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 the lithium transition metal oxide particles of Example 11 were heat-treated at 180° C. after adding WO 3 powder in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the obtained powder was analyzed by SEM-EDX, it was found that particles containing tungsten were attached to the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide particles. This was used as the positive electrode active material of Example 11.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that WO 3 powder was not added in the method for producing the positive electrode active material of Example 1. The proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn, and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 1 were as shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> A composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al and Mn (Ni 0.91 Co 0.01 Al 0.04 Mn 0.04 O 2 ), LiOH, and the total amount of Ni, Co, Al and Mn, and Li A positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1.03 and WO 3 powder was not added. The proportions of Ni, Co, Al and Mn in the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 2 were as shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Comparative example 3> A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that WO 3 powder was not added in the method for producing the positive electrode active material of Example 9.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn, and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 3 were as shown in Table 1.
- a diffraction line showing a layered structure was confirmed, and the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer was 1 It was 0.8 mol% and the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane was 0.42°.
- the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 3 was used as the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 3.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 5> A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that WO 3 powder was not added in the method for producing the positive electrode active material of Example 10.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 5 were as shown in Table 1. Further, as a result of powder X-ray diffraction measurement performed on the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 5, a diffraction line showing a layered structure was confirmed, and the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer was 1 It was 0.2 mol% and the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane was 0.44°. The lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 5 was used as the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 5.
- ⁇ Comparative example 6> A lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that WO 3 powder was not added in the method for producing the positive electrode active material of Example 11.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn, and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 6 are as shown in Table 1. Further, as a result of powder X-ray diffraction measurement performed on the lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 6, a diffraction line showing a layered structure was confirmed, and the ratio of metal elements other than Li present in the Li layer was 1 It was 0.8 mol% and the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak of the (208) plane was 0.48°. The lithium transition metal oxide of Comparative Example 6 was used as the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 6.
- ⁇ Reference example 3> A composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al, and Mn (Ni 0.925 Co 0.01 Al 0.055 Mn 0.01 O 2 ), LiOH, and Nb 2 O 3 were added to Ni, Nb, Co, The total amount of Al and Mn was mixed so that the molar ratio of Li was 1:1.03, and the total amount of Ni, Co, Al and Mn of the composite oxide containing Ni, Co, Al and Mn and Nb of Nb.
- a lithium transition metal oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar ratio was 100:0.5.
- the proportions of Ni, Co, Al, Mn, and Nb in the lithium transition metal oxide of Reference Example 3 were as shown in Table 3.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:3:4.
- Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) was dissolved in the mixed solvent to a concentration of 1.2 mol/liter to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Example 1 The positive electrode of Example 1 and the negative electrode made of a lithium metal foil were laminated so as to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and this was wound to produce an electrode assembly. Then, the electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte were inserted into an aluminum exterior body to prepare a test cell.
- Test cells were similarly prepared in Examples 2 to 11, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Reference Examples 1 to 3.
- Example 1 Battery capacity evaluation
- the test cells of Example 1 and Reference Examples 1 to 3 were charged in an environment of 25° C. at a constant current of 1 It until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V, and thereafter, the battery voltage was 2. at a constant current of 1 It.
- the battery was discharged to 5 V and the discharge capacity (battery capacity) was determined.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the battery resistance at low temperature of each example and each comparative example. Further, Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the battery resistance and the battery capacity of Example 1 and Reference Examples 1 and 2 at low temperature. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the battery capacities of Example 1 and Reference Example 3.
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Abstract
Description
(ただし、上記式(I)中、Lは少なくともLiを含む元素であり、Mは、少なくともNi、Mn及びCo、或いは、Li、Ni、Mn及びCoを含む元素であり、
0.4≦Ni/(Mn+Ni+Co)モル比<0.7
0.1<Mn/(Mn+Ni+Co)モル比≦0.4
0.1≦Co/(Mn+Ni+Co)モル比≦0.3
であり、M中のLiモル比は0以上、0.05以下である)
正極は、例えば金属箔等の正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層とで構成される。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極活物質層は、例えば、正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む。
測定範囲;15-120°スキャン速度;4°/min
解析範囲;30-120°
バックグラウンド;B-スプライン
プロファイル関数;分割型擬Voigt関数
束縛条件;Li(3a) + Ni(3a)=1
Ni(3a) + Ni(3b)=y
yはリチウム遷移金属酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するNiの割合(0.90≦y<1.00)
ICSD No.;98-009-4814
また、X線回折パターンのリートベルト解析には、リートベルト解析ソフトであるPDXL2(株式会社リガク製)が使用される。
式において、sは結晶子サイズ、λはX線の波長、Bは(104)面の回折ピークの半値幅、θは回折角(rad)、KはScherrer定数である。本実施形態においてKは0.9とする。
負極は、例えば金属箔等の負極集電体と、負極集電体上に形成された負極活物質層とを備える。負極集電体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極活物質層は、例えば、負極活物質、結着材、増粘材等を含む。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水電解質は、液体電解質(非水電解液)に限定されず、ゲル状ポリマー等を用いた固体電解質であってもよい。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。
セパレータは、例えば、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のオレフィン系樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、セルロース繊維層及びオレフィン系樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂繊維層を有する積層体であってもよく、セパレータの表面にアラミド樹脂等が塗布されたものを用いてもよい。セパレータと正極及び負極の少なくとも一方との界面には、無機物のフィラーを含むフィラー層が形成されてもよい。無機物のフィラーとしては、例えばチタン(Ti)、アルミニウム(Al)、ケイ素(Si)、マグネシウム(Mg)の少なくとも1種を含有する酸化物、リン酸化合物またその表面が水酸化物等で処理されているものなどが挙げられる。フィラー層は、例えば当該フィラーを含有するスラリーを正極、負極、又はセパレータの表面に塗布して形成することができる。
[正極活物質の作製]
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.91Co0.01Al0.04Mn0.04O2)と、LiOHと、Nb2O3とを、Ni、Nb、Co、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03になるように混合して、混合物を得た。当該混合物を焼成炉に投入し、酸素濃度95%の酸素気流下(10cm3あたり2mL/min及び混合物1kgあたり5L/minの流量)で、当該混合物を、昇温速度2.0℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度0.5℃/minで、650℃から710℃まで焼成した。この焼成物を水洗し、リチウム遷移金属酸化物を得た。これを実施例1のリチウム遷移金属酸化物とした。実施例1のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nb、の割合は表1に記載される通りであった。
実施例1の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末をH3BO3粉末としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例2のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例2のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.6モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.45°であった。
実施例1の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末をAl2(SO4)3粉末としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、2.2モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.48°であった。
実施例1の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末に加え、Al2(SO4)3粉末を当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物に対するAl元素の割合が0.05モル%となるように添加したこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例4のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例4のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、2.3モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.49°であった。
実施例1の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末に加え、H3BO3粉末を当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物に対するB元素の割合が0.1モル%となるよう添加し、Al2(SO4)3粉末を当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物に対するAl元素の割合が0.05モル%となるように添加したこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例5のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例5のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、2.4モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.5°であった。
実施例1の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末に加え、H3BO3粉末を当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物に対するB元素の割合が0.1モル%となるよう添加したこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例6のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例6のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、2モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.44°であった。
実施例1の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末をH3BO3粉末とし、H3BO3粉末を当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物に対するB元素の割合が0.01モル%となるよう添加したこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例7のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例7のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.5モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.43°であった。
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.91Co0.01Al0.04Mn0.04O2)と、LiOHと、Nb2O3とを、Ni、Nb、Co、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03になるように混合したこと、Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物のNi、Co、Al及びMnの総量とNbのモル比が100:0.05としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例8のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例8のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.7モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.39°であった。
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.905Co0.015Al0.05Mn0.03O2)と、LiOHと、Nb2O3とを、Ni、Nb、Co、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03になるように混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例9のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例9のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.4モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.47°であった。
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.915Co0.01Al0.5Mn0.025O2)と、LiOHと、Nb2O3とを、Ni、Nb、Co、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03になるように混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例10のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例10のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.6モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.5°であった。
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.92Al0.05Mn0.03O2)と、LiOHと、LiNbO3とを、Ni、Nb、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03になるように混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。実施例11のNi、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、実施例11のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.8モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.38°であった。
実施例1の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。比較例1のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、比較例1のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、2.8モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.48°であり、格子定数aは、2.873Åであり、格子定数cは14.20Åであり、結晶子サイズsは、488Åであった。比較例1のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を比較例1の正極活物質とした。
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.91Co0.01Al0.04Mn0.04O2)と、LiOHとを、Ni、Co、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03なるように混合したこと、WO3粉末を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様に正極活物質を作製した。比較例2のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mnの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、比較例2のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.6モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.41°であり、格子定数aは、2.872Åであり、格子定数cは14.20Åであり、結晶子サイズsは、479Åであった。比較例2のリチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子に純水を加え撹拌した後に濾過・分離し、水分率を5%に調整した当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物を180℃で熱処理した。これを比較例2の正極活物質とした。
実施例9の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例9と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。比較例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、比較例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.8モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.42°であった。比較例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を比較例3の正極活物質とした。
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.905Co0.015Al0.05Mn0.03O2)と、LiOHとを、Ni、Co、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03になるように混合したこと、WO3粉末を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例9と同様に正極活物質を作製した。比較例4のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mnの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、比較例4のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.5モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.39°であった。比較例4のリチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子に純水を加え撹拌した後に濾過・分離し、水分率を5%に調整した当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物を180℃で熱処理した。これを比較例4の正極活物質とした。
実施例10の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例10と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。比較例5のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、比較例5のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.2モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.44°であった。比較例5のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を比較例5の正極活物質とした。
実施例11の正極活物質作製方法において、WO3粉末を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例11と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。比較例6のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表1に記載される通りであった。また、比較例6のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、1.8モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.48°であった。比較例6のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を比較例6の正極活物質とした。
実施例1のリチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子に、純水を加え撹拌した後に濾過・分離し、水分率を5%に調整した当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物を準備し、当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物に対するW元素の割合が0.3モル%となるようにWO3粉末を添加した後、180℃で熱処理した。得られた粉末をSEM-EDXにて分析したところ、リチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子表面に、タングステンを含む粒子が付着していることが認められた。これを参考例1の正極活物質とした。
実施例1のリチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子に、純水を加え撹拌した後に濾過・分離し、水分率を5%に調整した当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物を準備し、当該リチウム遷移金属酸化物に対するW元素の割合が0.4モル%となるようにWO3粉末を添加した後、180℃で熱処理した。得られた粉末をSEM-EDXにて分析したところ、リチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子表面に、タングステンを含む粒子が付着していることが認められた。これを参考例2の正極活物質とした。
Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物(Ni0.925Co0.01Al0.055Mn0.01O2)と、LiOHと、Nb2O3とを、Ni、Nb、Co、Al及びMnの総量と、Liのモル比が1:1.03になるように混合したこと、Ni、Co、Al及びMnを含む複合酸化物のNi、Co、Al及びMnの総量とNbのモル比が100:0.5としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウム遷移金属酸化物を作製した。参考例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のNi、Co、Al、Mn、Nbの割合は表3に記載される通りであった。また、参考例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対して、粉末X線回折測定を行った結果、層状構造を示す回折線が確認され、Li層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、2.2モル%であり、(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅は0.53°であった。参考例3のリチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子を、実施例1と同様にWO3粉末を添加した後、180℃で熱処理した。得られた粉末をSEM-EDXにて分析したところ、リチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子表面に、タングステンを含む粒子が付着していることが認められた。これを参考例3の正極活物質とした。
実施例1の正極活物質を95質量部、導電材としてアセチレンブラックを3質量部、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを2質量部の割合で混合した。当該混合物を混練機(T.K.ハイビスミックス、プライミクス株式会社製)を用いて混練し、正極合材スラリーを調製した。次いで、正極合材スラリーを厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥してアルミニウム箔に正極活物質層を形成した。これを実施例1の正極とした。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、3:3:4の体積比で混合した。当該混合溶媒に対して、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.2モル/リットルの濃度となるように溶解させて、非水電解質を調製した。
実施例1の正極と、リチウム金属箔からなる負極とを、セパレータを介して互いに対向するように積層し、これを巻回して、電極体を作製した。次いで、電極体及び上記非水電解質をアルミニウム製の外装体に挿入し、試験セルを作製した。
各実施例、各比較例及び各参考例の試験セルを、-10℃の温度環境下、0.5Itの定電流で初期容量の半分まで充電した後、充電を止めて15分間放置した。その後、0.1Itの定電流で10秒間充電をした時の電圧を測定した。10秒間の充電容量分を放電した後、電流値を変更して10秒間充電し、そのときの電圧を測定した後、10秒間の充電容量分を放電した。当該充放電及び電圧測定を、0.1Itから2Itまでの電流値で繰り返した。測定した電圧値と電流値の関係性から電池抵抗を求めた。
実施例1、参考例1~3の試験セルを、25℃の環境下、1Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vとなるまで充電し、その後は、1Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vとなるまで放電して、放電容量(電池容量)を求めた。
Claims (4)
- 層状構造を有し、Ni、Nb、Nb以外の4価以上の金属元素及び任意要素のCoを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、W、B及びAlのうちの少なくとも1種の元素を含み、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の粒子表面に付着した外添粒子と、を有し、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するNiの割合は、90モル%≦Ni<100モル%の範囲であり、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するNbの割合は、0モル%<Nb≦3モル%の範囲であり、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対するCoの割合は、Co≦2モル%の範囲であり、
前記層状構造のLi層に存在するLi以外の金属元素の割合は、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総量に対して、1モル%以上2.5モル%以下の範囲であり、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、X線回折によるX線回折パターンの(208)面の回折ピークの半値幅nが、0.30°≦n≦0.50°であり、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の総量に対する前記外添粒子中のW、B及びAlの割合は、0.01モル%以上0.3モル%以下である、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、X線回折によるX線回折パターンの解析結果から得られる結晶構造のa軸長を示す格子定数a及びc軸長を示す格子定数cが、2.870Å≦a≦2.877Å、14.18Å≦c≦14.21Åの範囲である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、X線回折によるX線回折パターンの(104)面の回折ピークの半値幅からシェラーの式により算出される結晶子サイズsが、400Å≦s≦700Åの範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質を含む正極を備える、非水電解質二次電池。
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| JP2025532423A (ja) * | 2022-10-24 | 2025-09-29 | エコプロ ビーエム カンパニー リミテッド | 正極活物質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
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| CN114590848B (zh) * | 2022-03-01 | 2024-04-19 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种改性的单晶型高镍三元材料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN121460667A (zh) * | 2024-07-31 | 2026-02-03 | 宁德时代未来能源(上海)研究院有限公司 | 二次电池、用电装置、正极活性材料及其制备方法 |
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