WO2020171134A1 - シリカ粒子とその製造方法、シリカゾル、研磨組成物、研磨方法、半導体ウェハの製造方法及び半導体デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
シリカ粒子とその製造方法、シリカゾル、研磨組成物、研磨方法、半導体ウェハの製造方法及び半導体デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P90/00—Preparation of wafers not covered by a single main group of this subclass, e.g. wafer reinforcement
- H10P90/12—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H10P90/129—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers by polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/141—Preparation of hydrosols or aqueous dispersions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/145—Preparation of hydroorganosols, organosols or dispersions in an organic medium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/146—After-treatment of sols
- C01B33/148—Concentration; Drying; Dehydration; Stabilisation; Purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P52/00—Grinding, lapping or polishing of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P52/00—Grinding, lapping or polishing of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P52/40—Chemomechanical polishing [CMP]
- H10P52/402—Chemomechanical polishing [CMP] of semiconductor materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
Definitions
- the present invention relates to silica particles and a manufacturing method thereof, silica sol, a polishing composition, a polishing method, a semiconductor wafer manufacturing method, and a semiconductor device manufacturing method.
- a polishing method using a polishing liquid As a method of polishing the surface of a material such as a metal or an inorganic compound, a polishing method using a polishing liquid is known. Among them, final finish polishing of prime silicon wafers for semiconductors and recycled silicon wafers, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) such as flattening of interlayer insulating film at the time of semiconductor device manufacturing, formation of metal plugs, and formation of embedded wiring. ), the surface condition greatly affects the semiconductor characteristics, and therefore the surfaces and end faces of these components are required to be polished with extremely high precision.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- colloidal silica is widely used as the abrasive grains as the main component.
- Colloidal silica is produced by thermal decomposition of silicon tetrachloride (fumed silica, etc.), by deionization of alkali silicates such as water glass, and by hydrolysis and condensation reaction of alkoxysilane (generally, " The so-called "sol-gel method”) is known.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose methods for producing silica particles by a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction of an alkoxysilane.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of producing silica particles by performing a heat treatment under basicity after a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction of an alkoxysilane.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a method for producing silica particles by performing a heat treatment under acidic conditions after a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction of an alkoxysilane.
- silanol groups on the silica particle surface and the silanol groups on the silicon wafer surface are dehydrated and condensed to form a siloxane bond. If polishing proceeds by this mechanism, it means that a certain amount of silanol groups is required on the surface of silica particles. On the other hand, when the silanol groups are excessive, water molecules hydrogen-bonded to the silanol groups form a film and cover the surface of the silica particles, reducing the chances of contact between the silica particles and the silicon wafer, making polishing impossible. End up.
- the silanol groups are excessive, the siloxane bond is strengthened and the amount of silica particles remaining on the surface of the silicon wafer increases, deteriorating the quality of the silicon wafer. Further, if the silanol group is excessive, it becomes a reaction active point and the storage stability is deteriorated. In this way, it is also required that the content of silanol groups existing on the surface be kept below a certain amount.
- silica particles in the silica sol obtained by the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction of the alkoxysilane have a sufficiently high degree of condensation. It is considered that the reason is that the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction proceed at the same time, and the alkoxy group or silanol group tends to remain.
- Silica particles having a low degree of condensation do not sufficiently form a member ring formed by connecting SiO 4 tetrahedra, the member ring size is small, the strain is large, and the mechanical strength is poor.
- silica particles having such a low degree of condensation When silica particles having such a low degree of condensation are used for polishing, the silica particles are broken during polishing, and the broken silica particles adhere to the object to be polished, which adversely affects the polishing. Further, since silica particles having a low degree of condensation have a large amount of silanol groups remaining, the silanol groups remaining during storage serve as reaction active points, deteriorating storage stability.
- the method of producing a silica sol by hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction of alkoxysilane disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is a treatment for increasing the degree of condensation of silica particles, such as subjecting the obtained silica sol to pressure heating treatment. It is considered that the obtained silica particles have insufficient member ring formation, large strain, poor mechanical strength, and poor storage stability. Similarly, the silica particles obtained by the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5 are also inferior in mechanical strength and in storage stability, and the heat treatment under acidic or alkaline conditions causes aggregation of silica particles. And may cause destruction of the silica skeleton.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide silica particles having excellent polishing characteristics and storage stability, a method for producing the same, a silica sol, and a polishing composition. .. Another object of the present invention is to provide a polishing method, a semiconductor wafer manufacturing method, and a semiconductor device manufacturing method, which are excellent in productivity of an object to be polished.
- silica particles particularly silica particles obtained by a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction of an alkoxysilane, cannot be said to have sufficient polishing characteristics and storage stability.
- the present inventors calculated from the content of surface silanol groups measured by the Sears method and the content of bulk silanol groups measured by solid 29 Si-DD/MAS-NMR. By optimizing the proportion of silanol groups present on the surface, the inventors have found that the polishing characteristics and storage stability of silica particles are improved, and have completed the present invention.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. [1] When the content of surface silanol groups measured by the Sears method is x mass% and the content of bulk silanol groups measured by solid 29 Si-DD/MAS-NMR is y mass%, (x/y) Silica particles in which the ratio of silanol groups present on the surface represented by ⁇ 100% is 15% or less. [2] The silica particles according to [1], wherein the ratio of silanol groups present on the surface is 10% or less. [3] The silica particles according to [1] or [2], wherein the ratio of silanol groups present on the surface is 1% or more.
- silica particles according to [7], wherein the tetraalkoxysilane condensate contains a tetramethoxysilane condensate [9] A method for producing silica particles, which comprises subjecting the silica particles to pressure heating treatment to obtain the silica particles according to any one of [1] to [8]. [10] A silica sol containing the silica particles according to any one of [1] to [8]. [11] The silica sol according to the above [10], wherein the content of the silica particles is 3% by mass to 50% by mass in the total amount of the silica sol. [12] A polishing composition containing the silica sol according to the above [10] or [11].
- a method for producing a semiconductor wafer comprising a step of polishing with the polishing composition according to the above [12].
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a step of polishing with the polishing composition according to [12].
- the silica particles of the present invention, the silica particles obtained by the production method of the present invention, the silica sol of the present invention, and the polishing composition of the present invention have excellent polishing characteristics and storage stability. Further, the polishing method of the present invention, the method of manufacturing a semiconductor wafer of the present invention, and the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device of the present invention are excellent in the productivity of the object to be polished.
- the content of surface silanol groups of silica particles is a value measured by the Sears method. Specifically, the measurement is performed under the following conditions. A silica sol corresponding to 1.5 g of silica particles is collected, and pure water is added to make the liquid volume 90 mL. In a 25°C environment, add 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution until pH becomes 3.6, add 30 g of sodium chloride, and gradually add pure water to completely dissolve sodium chloride, and finally test. Pure water is added until the total amount of the liquid reaches 150 mL to obtain a test liquid.
- the obtained test solution was placed in an automatic titrator, and a 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added dropwise to it to adjust the pH to 4.0 to 9.0.
- the titer A (mL) of the aqueous solution is measured.
- the consumption V (mL) of a 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution required for the pH per 1.5 g of silica particles to change from 4.0 to 9.0 was calculated.
- the content x (mass %) of the surface silanol groups of the silica particles is calculated using the following formula (2).
- V (A ⁇ f ⁇ 100 ⁇ 1.5)/(W ⁇ C) (1)
- x (B ⁇ 17/M) ⁇ 100
- the content of the surface silanol groups of the silica particles is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and preferably 1.4% by mass or less, more preferably 1.0% by mass or less. ..
- the silica particles When the content of the surface silanol groups of the silica particles is 0.01% by mass or more, the silica particles have an appropriate surface repulsion and the silica sol has excellent dispersion stability. Further, when the content of the surface silanol groups of the silica particles is 1.4% by mass or less, the silica particles have an appropriate surface repulsion, and the aggregation of the silica particles can be suppressed.
- the content of bulk silanol groups in the silica particles is a value measured by solid-state 29 Si-DD/MAS-NMR. Specifically, the measurement is performed under the following conditions. A silica sol containing silica particles is freeze-dried to obtain a measurement sample. A nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus of 400 MHz is used, a CP/MAS probe having a diameter of 7.5 mm is attached, the observation nucleus is 29 Si, and measurement is performed by the DD/MAS method. Measurement conditions, 79.43MHz the 29 Si resonance frequency, 29 Si90 ° pulse width 5 ⁇ seconds, 1 H resonance frequency 399.84MHz, 50 kHz and 1 H decoupling frequency, 4 kHz the MAS speed 30 the spectral width.
- the measurement temperature is 49 kHz and the measurement temperature is 23°C.
- optimization calculation is performed by the nonlinear least squares method using the center position, height, and half width of the peak shape created by mixing Lorentz waveform and Gaussian waveform as variable parameters. ..
- Bulk silanol using the following formula (3) from the obtained Q1 content rate, Q2 content rate, Q3 content rate, and Q4 content rate for the four structural units of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.
- the content of the bulk silanol group of the silica particles is measured by the DD/MAS method (Dipolar Decoupling/Magic Angle Spinning), not by the CP/MAS method (Cross Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning). ..
- the CP/MAS method since 1 H sensitizes and detects Si existing in the vicinity, the peaks obtained accurately measure the Q1 content rate, Q2 content rate, Q3 content rate, and Q4 content rate. Not reflected in.
- the DD/MAS method does not have the sensitizing effect like the CP/MAS method, the obtained peak accurately reflects the Q1 content rate, the Q2 content rate, the Q3 content rate, and the Q4 content rate. Suitable for quantitative analysis.
- the structural units are classified into Q1 to Q4 according to the degree of connection of the SiO 4 tetrahedra, and are as follows.
- Q1 via the oxygen around the Si means a structural unit having a single Si, SiO 4 tetrahedrons be linked with one other SiO 4 tetrahedra, solid 29 Si-DD / MAS-NMR It has a peak near -80 ppm in the spectrum.
- Q2 via the oxygen around the Si means a structural unit having two Si, SiO 4 tetrahedrons be linked with the other two SiO 4 tetrahedral solid 29 Si-DD / MAS-NMR It has a peak near -91 ppm in the spectrum.
- Q3 via the oxygen around the Si means a structural unit having three Si, SiO 4 tetrahedrons be linked with the other three SiO 4 tetrahedra, solid 29 Si-DD / MAS-NMR It has a peak near ⁇ 101 ppm in the spectrum.
- Q4 via the oxygen around the Si means a structural unit having four Si, SiO 4 tetrahedrons be linked with other four SiO 4 tetrahedra, solid 29 Si-DD / MAS-NMR It has a peak near ⁇ 110 ppm in the spectrum.
- the content of the bulk silanol group in the silica particles is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 8.0% by mass or less, more preferably 7.5% by mass or less. ..
- the silica particles can be easily produced.
- the content of the bulk silanol groups of the silica particles is 8 mass% or less, the formation of the member ring is promoted while sharing the oxygen of the SiO 4 tetrahedron, the member ring size becomes large, the number of defects is small, and the silica is Excellent mechanical strength of particles and excellent polishing characteristics of the polishing composition.
- the ratio of silanol groups present on the surface of the silica particles is x mass% of the content of surface silanol groups measured by the Sears method, and y mass of the content of bulk silanol groups measured by solid 29 Si-DD/MAS-NMR. When expressed as %, it is represented by (x/y) ⁇ 100%.
- the ratio of silanol groups existing on the surface of the silica particles is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 2% or more, because the silica particles can be easily produced.
- the proportion of silanol groups present on the surface of the silica particles is such that the formation of a member ring is promoted while sharing the oxygen of the SiO 4 tetrahedron while maintaining the amorphous structure, and the number of defects of the silica particles is small, and the mechanical properties of the silica particles are small. It is 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, because it has excellent strength and excellent polishing characteristics of the polishing composition.
- the proportion of silanol groups existing on the surface of silica particles can be set in a desired range by adjusting the conditions of the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction of the alkoxysilane and the conditions of the subsequent treatment.
- the silica sol obtained by the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction of the alkoxysilane is heated under pressure; the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction are performed separately; and the reaction accelerator is added in the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction. And the like.
- the content of surface silanol groups of silica particles and the content of bulk silanol groups of silica particles are easy to control, and the proportion of silanol groups present on the surface of silica particles can be precisely controlled. Since it is possible, the method of subjecting the silica sol obtained by the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction of the alkoxysilane to pressure heating treatment is preferable.
- the average primary particle diameter of the silica particles is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less.
- the storage stability of the silica sol is excellent.
- the average primary particle diameter of the silica particles is 100 nm or less, the surface roughness and scratches of the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer can be reduced and the sedimentation of silica particles can be suppressed.
- the average primary particle diameter of silica particles can be set within a desired range by known conditions and methods.
- the average secondary particle diameter of the silica particles is preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 20 nm or more, and preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the average secondary particle diameter of the silica particles is 10 nm or more, the removal property of particles and the like in the cleaning after polishing is excellent, and the storage stability of the silica sol is excellent.
- the average secondary particle diameter of the silica particles is 200 nm or less, the surface roughness and scratches of the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer during polishing can be reduced, the removability of particles and the like in the cleaning after polishing can be excellent, and silica can be used. The sedimentation of particles can be suppressed.
- the average secondary particle diameter of silica particles is measured by the DLS method. Specifically, the measurement is performed using a dynamic light scattering particle size measuring device.
- the average secondary particle diameter of silica particles can be set within a desired range by known conditions and methods.
- the cv value of the silica particles is preferably 15 or more, more preferably 20 or more, even more preferably 25 or more, and preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, still more preferably 35 or less.
- the polishing rate for an object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer is excellent, and the productivity of the silicon wafer is excellent.
- the cv value of the silica particles is 50 or less, the surface roughness and scratches of the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer during polishing can be reduced, and the removability of particles and the like in the cleaning after polishing is excellent.
- the association ratio of the silica particles is preferably 1.0 or higher, more preferably 1.1 or higher, and is preferably 4.0 or lower, more preferably 3.0 or lower.
- the association ratio of the silica particles is 1.0 or more, the polishing rate for an object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer is excellent and the productivity of the silicon wafer is excellent.
- the association ratio of the silica particles is 4.0 or less, the surface roughness and scratches of the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer during polishing can be reduced and the aggregation of silica particles can be suppressed.
- the content of metal impurities in silica particles is preferably 5 ppm or less, more preferably 2 ppm or less.
- ppm showing the said metal impurity content rate means mass ppm.
- metal impurities adhere to and contaminate the surface of the object to be polished, which adversely affects the wafer characteristics and diffuses inside the wafer to deteriorate the quality.
- the performance of the manufactured semiconductor device is significantly reduced.
- metal impurities are present in the silica particles, a coordinated interaction occurs between the surface silanol groups exhibiting acidity and the metal impurities, changing the chemical properties (acidity etc.) of the surface silanol groups, It changes the three-dimensional environment of the particle surface (eg, the ease of aggregation of silica particles) and affects the polishing rate.
- the content of metallic impurities in silica particles is measured by high frequency inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Specifically, weigh accurately a silica sol containing 0.4 g of silica particles, add sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid, heat, dissolve, and evaporate, so that the total amount of the remaining sulfuric acid droplets will be exactly 10 g. Is added to prepare a test solution, and measurement is performed using a high frequency inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
- the target metals are sodium, potassium, iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, lead, titanium, silver, nickel, and the total content of these metals is defined as the metal impurity content. To do.
- the metal impurity content rate of the silica particles can be 5 ppm or less by performing a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction using alkoxysilane as a main raw material to obtain silica particles.
- alkoxysilane as a main raw material to obtain silica particles.
- Examples of the shape of the silica particles include spherical shape, chain shape, cocoon shape (also referred to as hump shape and peanut shape), and irregular shape (eg, wart shape, bent shape, branched shape).
- spherical shape chain shape
- cocoon shape also referred to as hump shape and peanut shape
- irregular shape eg, wart shape, bent shape, branched shape.
- a spherical shape is preferable, and the polishing rate for the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer is preferable. If it is desired to increase the height, a different shape is preferable.
- the silica particles according to the present embodiment preferably have no pores because they are excellent in mechanical strength and storage stability.
- the presence or absence of pores in the silica particles is confirmed by BET multipoint analysis using an adsorption isotherm using nitrogen as an adsorption gas.
- the silica particles according to the present embodiment preferably have an alkoxysilane condensate as a main component, and more preferably have a tetraalkoxysilane condensate as a main component, because they are excellent in mechanical strength and storage stability.
- the main component means that it is 50% by mass or more based on all components constituting the silica particles.
- tetraalkoxysilane condensate examples include condensates of tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane and the like. These tetraalkoxysilane condensates may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these tetraalkoxysilane condensates, hydrolysis reaction is fast, unreacted substances are hard to remain, excellent productivity, and stable silica sol can be easily obtained. Therefore, tetramethoxysilane condensate, tetraethoxysilane Condensates are preferred, and tetramethoxysilane condensates are more preferred.
- silica particles containing an alkoxysilane condensate as a main component it is preferable to use alkoxysilane as a main raw material.
- alkoxysilane it is preferable to use tetraalkoxysilane as a main raw material.
- the main raw material means that it is 50% by mass or more in all the raw materials constituting the silica particles.
- Method for producing silica particles examples include a method by thermal decomposition of silicon tetrachloride, a method by deionization of alkali silicate such as water glass, a method by hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction of alkoxysilane, and the like.
- the method by hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction of alkoxysilane is preferable because the content of metal impurities can be reduced and the shape of silica particles can be easily controlled. More preferred is a method involving hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction of tetraalkoxysilane.
- tetraalkoxysilane examples include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, and tetraisopropoxysilane. These tetraalkoxysilanes may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these tetraalkoxysilanes, hydrolysis reaction is fast, unreacted substances are unlikely to remain, excellent productivity, and stable silica sol can be easily obtained. Therefore, tetramethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane are preferable, and tetramethoxysilane is preferable. Methoxysilane is more preferred.
- a raw material other than tetraalkoxysilane such as a low condensate of tetraalkoxysilane may be used, but since it is excellent in reactivity, all the raw materials constituting the silica particles have tetraalkoxysilane. It is preferable that the raw materials other than tetraalkoxysilane are 50% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, the tetraalkoxysilane is 90% by mass or more, and the raw materials other than tetraalkoxysilane are 10% by mass or less. ..
- solvent or dispersion medium used in the reaction during the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction examples include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and the like. These solvents or dispersion media may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these solvents or dispersion media, those used as by-products in the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction are the same as those produced as by-products, and water and alcohol are preferable, and water and methanol are more preferable because they are excellent in convenience in production. ..
- the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction When carrying out the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction, it may be in the presence of a catalyst or in the absence of a catalyst, but the presence of a catalyst is preferred because the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction can be promoted.
- the catalyst include acid catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, and citric acid, and alkali metals such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, ammonia, urea, ethanolamine, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Examples thereof include catalysts.
- an alkaline catalyst is preferable because it is excellent in catalytic action and the particle shape can be easily controlled, and it is possible to suppress the mixing of metal impurities, and since the volatility is high and the removability after the condensation reaction is excellent.
- Alkaline catalysts are preferred, and ammonia is more preferred.
- the silica particles obtained may be subjected to pressure heating treatment. preferable.
- the pressure of the pressure heat treatment is preferably 0.10 MPa or more, more preferably 0.14 MPa or more, preferably 2.3 MPa or less, more preferably 1.0 MPa or less.
- the pressure of the pressure heat treatment is 0.10 MPa or more, the degree of condensation of silica particles can be increased.
- silica particles can be produced without significantly changing the average primary particle diameter, the average secondary particle diameter, the cv value, and the association ratio, and the silica sol. Excellent dispersion stability.
- the temperature of the pressure heat treatment is preferably 100° C. or higher, more preferably 110° C. or higher, preferably 220° C. or lower, more preferably 180° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the pressure heat treatment is 100° C. or higher, the degree of condensation of silica particles can be increased.
- the temperature of the pressure heat treatment is 220° C. or lower, the silica particles can be produced without significantly changing the average primary particle diameter, the average secondary particle diameter, the cv value, and the association ratio, and the dispersion stability of the silica sol is stable. Excellent in performance.
- the time of the pressure heat treatment is preferably 0.25 hours or longer, more preferably 0.5 hours or longer, preferably 6 hours or shorter, and more preferably 4 hours or shorter.
- the pressure heat treatment time is 0.25 hours or more, the degree of condensation of silica particles can be increased.
- the time of the pressure heating treatment is 6 hours or less, the silica particles can be produced without largely changing the average primary particle diameter, the average secondary particle diameter, the cv value, and the association ratio, and the dispersion stability of the silica sol is stable. Excellent in performance.
- the heat treatment under pressure may be performed in air or in a solvent or a dispersion medium, but it is preferable to perform the treatment in a solvent or a dispersion medium because the dispersion stability of silica sol is excellent, and the average primary Since it is possible to precisely control the proportion of silanol groups existing on the surface of silica particles without significantly changing the particle size, average secondary particle size, cv value, and association ratio, it is carried out in an aqueous dispersion. Is more preferable.
- the heat treatment under pressure may be carried out immediately after the completion of the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction. Of the components in the reaction solution after the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction, unnecessary components were removed and necessary components were added. It may be carried out later, but since the operating pressure can be kept low, it should be carried out after removing unnecessary components from the components in the reaction solution after the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction and adding the necessary components. Is preferable, and it is more preferable to perform after removing the organic compound and adding water.
- the pH when the heat treatment under pressure is performed in an aqueous dispersion is preferably 6.0 or higher, more preferably 6.5 or higher, and preferably 8.0 or lower, more preferably 7.8 or lower.
- the pH of the silica sol being 6.0 or more can suppress gelation of the silica sol.
- the pH is 8.0 or less when the pressure heat treatment is performed in the aqueous dispersion, structural destruction due to dissolution is prevented, and the average primary particle diameter, average secondary particle diameter, cv value, association ratio. It is possible to precisely control the proportion of silanol groups present on the surface of the silica particles without significantly changing the particle size, it is possible to suppress the aggregation of the silica particles, and the dispersion stability of the silica sol is excellent.
- the silica sol according to this embodiment preferably contains the silica particles according to this embodiment and a solvent or a dispersion medium.
- Examples of the solvent or dispersion medium of silica sol include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and the like.
- the solvent or dispersion medium of these silica sols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- water and alcohol are preferable, and water is more preferable, because they have excellent affinity with silica particles.
- the content of silica particles in the silica sol is preferably 3% by mass or more, more preferably 4% by mass or more, further preferably 5% by mass or more, and preferably 50% by mass or less, and 40% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the silica sol. Is more preferable, and 30% by mass or less is further preferable.
- the polishing rate for the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer is excellent.
- the content of the silica particles in the silica sol is 50% by mass or less, aggregation of the silica particles in the silica sol or the polishing composition can be suppressed, and the storage stability of the silica sol or the polishing composition is excellent.
- the content of the solvent or the dispersion medium in the silica sol is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, further preferably 70% by mass or more, and preferably 97% by mass or less, and 96% by mass in the total amount of the silica sol. % Or less is more preferable, and 95% by mass or less is further preferable.
- the content of the solvent or the dispersion medium in the silica sol is 50% by mass or more, aggregation of silica particles in the silica sol or the polishing composition can be suppressed, and the storage stability of the silica sol or the polishing composition is excellent.
- the content of the solvent or dispersion medium in the silica sol is 97% by mass or less, the polishing rate for the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer is excellent.
- the content of the silica particles or the solvent or the dispersion medium in the silica sol is desired by removing unnecessary components from the components in the reaction solution after completion of the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction and adding the necessary components. It can be set in the range of.
- the silica sol according to the present embodiment is, in addition to silica particles and a solvent or a dispersion medium, within a range that does not impair the performance thereof, if necessary, an oxidizing agent, a preservative, a fungicide, a pH adjusting agent, a pH buffering agent, an interface. It may also contain other components such as activators, chelating agents, antibacterial/biocides. In particular, since the silica sol is excellent in storage stability, it is preferable to include an antibacterial/biocide in the silica sol.
- antibacterial/biocide examples include hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium salt, ethylenediamine, glutaraldehyde, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium chlorite and the like. .. These antibacterial/biocides may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these antibacterial/biocide agents, hydrogen peroxide is preferable because it has excellent affinity with silica sol. Biocides also include what are commonly referred to as fungicides.
- the content of the antibacterial/biocide agent in the silica sol is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.001% by mass or more, and further preferably 10% by mass or less, and 1% by mass or less in the total amount of the silica sol. More preferable.
- the content of the antibacterial/biocide in the silica sol is 0.0001% by mass or more, the storage stability of the silica sol is excellent.
- the content of the antibacterial/biocide in the silica sol is 10% by mass or less, the original performance of the silica sol is not impaired.
- the pH of the silica sol is preferably 6.0 or higher, more preferably 6.5 or higher, and is preferably 9.0 or lower, more preferably 7.8 or lower.
- the pH of the silica sol can be set in a desired range by adding a pH adjuster.
- the reaction liquid after completion of the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction may be used as it is, and unnecessary components are removed from the components in the reaction liquid after completion of the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction. Alternatively, it may be produced by adding necessary components.
- a filtration step may be included in order to remove coarse particles and to avoid aggregation due to fine particles.
- the filtration method include natural filtration under normal pressure, reduced pressure filtration, pressure filtration, and centrifugal filtration. Filtration may be performed at any timing and any number of times, but it is preferable to perform filtration immediately before preparation of the polishing composition, because the polishing composition has excellent storage stability and polishing characteristics.
- the polishing composition according to this embodiment preferably contains the silica sol according to this embodiment and further contains a water-soluble polymer.
- the water-soluble polymer enhances the wettability of the polishing composition with respect to the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer.
- the water-soluble polymer is preferably a polymer having a functional group having a high water affinity, and the functional group having a high water affinity has a high affinity with the silanol group on the surface of the silica particles, so that Thus, the silica particles and the water-soluble polymer are stably dispersed closer to each other. Therefore, the effects of the silica particles and the water-soluble polymer function synergistically when polishing an object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer.
- water-soluble polymers examples include cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers having a polyvinylpyrrolidone skeleton, polymers having a polyoxyalkylene structure, and the like.
- Examples of the cellulose derivative include hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrolyzed hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like.
- Examples of the copolymer having a polyvinylpyrrolidone skeleton include a graft copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- Examples of the polymer having a polyoxyalkylene structure include polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, and a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- water-soluble polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a cellulose derivative is preferable because it has a high affinity with the surface silanol groups of silica particles and acts synergistically to give good hydrophilicity to the surface of the object to be polished, and thus hydroxyethyl cellulose is preferable. Is more preferable.
- the mass average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 5,000 or more, further preferably 10,000 or more, and preferably 3,000,000 or less, and 2,000,000 or less. Is more preferable, and 1,000,000 or less is further preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer is 1,000 or more, the hydrophilicity of the polishing composition is improved.
- the mass average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer is 3,000,000 or less, the affinity with silica sol is excellent, and the polishing rate for an object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer is excellent.
- ⁇ Mass-average molecular weight of water-soluble polymer is measured by size exclusion chromatography under the condition of 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution as mobile phase in terms of polyethylene oxide.
- the content of the water-soluble polymer in the polishing composition is preferably 0.02% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and further preferably 10% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the polishing composition. % Or less is more preferable.
- the content of the water-soluble polymer in the polishing composition is 0.02% by mass or more, the hydrophilicity of the polishing composition is improved. Further, when the content of the water-soluble polymer in the polishing composition is 10% by mass or less, the aggregation of silica particles during the preparation of the polishing composition can be suppressed.
- the polishing composition according to the present embodiment in addition to the silica sol and the water-soluble polymer, a basic compound, a polishing accelerator, a surfactant, a hydrophilic compound, a preservative, if necessary, within a range that does not impair the performance thereof.
- a basic compound such as an antifungal agent, a pH adjusting agent, a pH buffering agent, a surfactant, a chelating agent, and an antibacterial/biocide may be contained.
- chemical polishing (chemical etching) can be performed by giving a chemical action to the surface of an object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer, and the synergistic effect with the surface silanol groups of silica particles allows the object represented by a silicon wafer to be chemically synthesized. Since the polishing rate of the polishing body can be improved, it is preferable to include a basic compound in the polishing composition.
- Examples of the basic compound include organic basic compounds, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal carbonates, ammonia and the like. These basic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these basic compounds, ammonia, high tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, and ammonium carbonate are preferred because they have high water solubility and excellent affinity with silica particles and water-soluble polymers. , Ammonia, tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide are more preferable, and ammonia is still more preferable.
- the content of the basic compound in the polishing composition is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and further preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the polishing composition. The following are more preferable.
- the content of the basic compound in the polishing composition is 0.001% by mass or more, the polishing rate of the object to be polished represented by a silicon wafer can be improved.
- the content of the basic compound in the polishing composition is 5% by mass or less, the stability of the polishing composition is excellent.
- the pH of the polishing composition is preferably 8.0 or higher, more preferably 9.0 or higher, and preferably 12.0 or lower, more preferably 11.0 or lower.
- the pH of the polishing composition can be set in a desired range by adding a pH adjuster.
- the polishing composition according to the present embodiment can be obtained by mixing the silica sol according to the present embodiment, and, if necessary, a water-soluble polymer and other components, but once in consideration of storage and transportation, a high concentration is obtained. Alternatively, it may be diluted with water or the like immediately before polishing.
- Silica particles according to the present embodiment silica particles obtained by the production method according to the present embodiment, silica sol according to the present embodiment, the polishing composition according to the present embodiment can be suitably used for polishing applications, for example, Polishing of semiconductor materials such as silicon wafers, polishing of electronic materials such as hard disk substrates, polishing in the planarization process when manufacturing integrated circuits (chemical mechanical polishing), polishing of synthetic quartz glass substrates used for photomasks and liquid crystals It can be used for polishing a magnetic disk substrate or the like, and particularly preferably for polishing a silicon wafer or chemical mechanical polishing.
- the polishing method according to this embodiment is preferably a method of polishing using the polishing composition according to this embodiment.
- a specific polishing method for example, a method of pressing the surface of a silicon wafer against a polishing pad, dropping the polishing composition according to this embodiment onto the polishing pad, and polishing the surface of the silicon wafer can be mentioned.
- the method for producing a semiconductor wafer according to this embodiment is a method including a step of polishing with the polishing composition according to this embodiment, and the specific polishing method is as described above.
- Examples of semiconductor wafers include silicon wafers and compound semiconductor wafers.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to this embodiment is a method including a step of polishing with the polishing composition according to this embodiment, and the specific polishing method is as described above.
- association ratio average secondary particle diameter/average primary particle diameter (6)
- the pH electrode was removed from the tall beaker, and 30 g of sodium chloride was added while continuously stirring with a magnetic stirrer, and pure water was gradually added to completely dissolve the sodium chloride. Pure water was added until the total amount of the test liquid finally reached 150 mL, and the test liquid was stirred for 5 minutes by a magnetic stirrer to obtain a test liquid.
- the tall beaker containing the obtained test solution was set in an automatic titrator "COM-1600" (manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.), and the pH electrode and the burette attached to the apparatus were inserted into the tall beaker. While stirring the test solution with a magnetic stirrer, a 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added dropwise through a buret to obtain a 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide required for the pH to change from 4.0 to 9.0. The titer A (mL) of the aqueous solution was measured.
- the consumption V (mL) of a 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution required for the pH per 1.5 g of silica particles to change from 4.0 to 9.0 was calculated.
- the content x (mass %) of the surface silanol groups of the silica particles was calculated using the following formula (2).
- V (A ⁇ f ⁇ 100 ⁇ 1.5)/(W ⁇ C) (1)
- x (B ⁇ 17/M) ⁇ 100
- the silica sols obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were freeze-dried to obtain measurement samples.
- a 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus model name “Varian NMR Systems 400WB”, manufactured by Varian
- a CP/MAS probe with a diameter of 7.5 mm was attached, and the observed nucleus was 29 Si, and the measurement was performed by the DD/MAS method. did.
- Measurement conditions 79.43MHz the 29 Si resonance frequency, 29 Si90 ° pulse width 5 ⁇ seconds, 1 H resonance frequency 399.84MHz, 50 kHz and 1 H decoupling frequency, 4 kHz the MAS speed 30 the spectral width.
- the measurement temperature was 49 kHz and the measurement temperature was 23°C.
- the content of metal impurities in the silica particles is sodium 1.1 ppm, potassium 0.140 ppm, iron 0.015 ppm, aluminum 0.135 ppm, calcium 0.075 ppm, zinc 0.07 ppm, magnesium, cobalt, Chromium, copper, manganese, lead, titanium, silver, and nickel were all less than 0.005 ppm. From this, it is considered that the content of metal impurities in the silica particles of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 is 5 ppm or less.
- the resulting silica sol was heated to remove methanol and ammonia while adjusting the liquid amount by adding pure water so that the content of silica particles was about 20% by mass. About 20% by mass of silica sol was obtained. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the obtained silica particles.
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 The silica sol obtained in Comparative Example 1 was heated under pressure under the conditions shown in Table 1 to obtain a silica sol having a silica particle content of about 20% by mass.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the silica particles contained in the obtained silica sol.
- “ ⁇ ” representing the physical properties of particles of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 means that the measurement could not be performed due to remarkable particle aggregation.
- the heating treatment under pressure since the heating treatment under pressure is performed, it is considered that the content of the alkoxy group or the silanol group is reduced, the number of reaction-active sites is small, and the storage stability of the silica sol is expected to be excellent.
- the surface silanol group ratio is small, it is expected that the silica particles will be stable and will not easily sediment.
- Comparative Example 2 in which the heating treatment under pressure was performed but under alkaline condition and Comparative Example 3 under acidic condition, the silica particles were remarkably aggregated, and the ratio of silanol groups present on the surface was measured. could not.
- Comparative Example 4 which is a commercially available silica sol, it was observed that sedimentation of silica particles occurred and that it did not occur, and the storage stability was moderate.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the pressurizing and heating treatment was not performed, the precipitated silica particles were not visually confirmed in this evaluation, but it is considered that the content of the alkoxy groups and silanol groups is higher than that in Examples 1 to 3. Since there are many reactive sites, it is considered that the silica particles precipitate when stored for a longer period of time. Further, in Comparative Examples 1 and 4, the surface silanol group ratio was large.
- the silica particles of the present invention, the silica particles obtained by the production method of the present invention, the silica sol of the present invention, and the polishing composition of the present invention can be suitably used for polishing applications, for example, polishing of semiconductor materials such as silicon wafers.
- polishing electronic materials such as hard disk substrates
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Abstract
Description
[1]シアーズ法により測定した表面シラノール基の含有率をx質量%、固体29Si-DD/MAS-NMRにより測定したバルクシラノール基の含有率をy質量%としたとき、(x/y)×100%で表される表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、15%以下である、シリカ粒子。
[2]前記表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、10%以下である、前記[1]に記載のシリカ粒子。
[3]前記表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、1%以上である、前記[1]又は[2]に記載のシリカ粒子。
[4]BET法により測定した平均1次粒子径が、10nm~60nmである、前記[1]~[3]のいずれか1に記載のシリカ粒子。
[5]DLS法により測定した平均2次粒子径が、20nm~100nmである、前記[1]~[4]のいずれか1に記載のシリカ粒子。
[6]金属不純物含有率が、5ppm以下である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1に記載のシリカ粒子。
[7]テトラアルコキシシラン縮合物を主成分とする、前記[1]~[6]のいずれか1に記載のシリカ粒子。
[8]前記テトラアルコキシシラン縮合物が、テトラメトキシシラン縮合物を含む、前記[7]に記載のシリカ粒子。
[9]シリカ粒子を加圧加熱処理して、前記[1]~[8]のいずれか1に記載のシリカ粒子を得る、シリカ粒子の製造方法。
[10]前記[1]~[8]のいずれか1に記載のシリカ粒子を含む、シリカゾル。
[11]シリカ粒子の含有率が、シリカゾル全量中、3質量%~50質量%である、前記[10]に記載のシリカゾル。
[12]前記[10]又は[11]に記載のシリカゾルを含む、研磨組成物。
[13]前記[12]に記載の研磨組成物を用いて研磨する、研磨方法。
[14]前記[12]に記載の研磨組成物を用いて研磨する工程を含む、半導体ウェハの製造方法。
[15]前記[12]に記載の研磨組成物を用いて研磨する工程を含む、半導体デバイスの製造方法。
本実施形態にかかるシリカ粒子は、シアーズ法により測定した表面シラノール基の含有率をx質量%、固体29Si-DD/MAS-NMRにより測定したバルクシラノール基の含有率をy質量%としたとき、(x/y)×100%で表される表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、15%以下である。表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、15%以下であると、SiO4四面体の酸素を共有しながら員環の形成が促進され員環サイズが大きくなって歪が小さくなり、シリカ粒子が弾性変形しづらくなり、機械的強度に優れ、研磨組成物の研磨特性に優れる。
シリカ粒子1.5gに相当するシリカゾルを採取し、純水を加えて液量を90mLにする。25℃の環境下、pHが3.6になるまで0.1mol/Lの塩酸水溶液を加え、塩化ナトリウム30gを加え、純水を徐々に加えながら塩化ナトリウムを完全に溶解させ、最終的に試験液の総量が150mLになるまで純水を加え、試験液を得る。
得られた試験液を自動滴定装置に入れ、0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下して、pHが4.0から9.0になるのに要する0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の滴定量A(mL)を測定する。
下記式(1)を用いて、シリカ粒子1.5gあたりのpHが4.0から9.0になるのに要した0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の消費量V(mL)を算出し、下記式(2)を用いて、シリカ粒子の表面シラノール基の含有率x(質量%)を算出する。
V=(A×f×100×1.5)/(W×C) ・・・ (1)
A:シリカ粒子1.5gあたりのpHが4.0から9.0になるのに要した0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の滴定量(mL)
f:用いた0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の力価
C:シリカゾル中のシリカ粒子の濃度(質量%)
W:シリカゾルの採取量(g)
x=(B×17/M)×100 ・・・ (2)
B:Vから算出したシリカ粒子1.5gあたりのpHが4.0から9.0になるのに要した水酸化ナトリウム量(mol)
M:シリカ粒子量(1.5g)
シリカ粒子を含むシリカゾルを凍結乾燥させ、測定サンプルとする。400MHzの核磁気共鳴装置を用い、直径7.5mmのCP/MAS用プローブを装着し、観測核を29Siとし、DD/MAS法で測定する。測定条件は、29Si共鳴周波数を79.43MHz、29Si90°パルス幅を5μ秒、1H共鳴周波数を399.84MHz、1Hデカップリング周波数を50kHz、MAS回転数を4kHz、スペクトル幅を30.49kHz、測定温度を23℃とする。データ解析は、フーリエ変換後のスペクトルの各ピークについて、ローレンツ波形とガウス波形の混合により作成したピーク形状の中心位置、高さ、半値幅を可変パラメータとして、非線形最小二乗法により最適化計算を行う。Q1、Q2、Q3及びQ4の4つの構造単位を対象とし、得られたQ1の含有率、Q2の含有率、Q3の含有率及びQ4の含有率から、下記式(3)を用いてバルクシラノール基の含有率y(質量%)を算出する。
y={(Q3の含有率×17+Q2の含有率×17×2+Q1の含有率×17×3)/(60+Q3の含有率×1+Q2の含有率×2+Q1の含有率×3)}×100 ・・・ (3)
CP/MAS法であると、1Hが近傍に存在するSiを増感して検出するため、得られるピークがQ1の含有率、Q2の含有率、Q3の含有率及びQ4の含有率を正確に反映しない。
一方、DD/MAS法は、CP/MAS法のような増感効果がないため、得られるピークがQ1の含有率、Q2の含有率、Q3の含有率及びQ4の含有率を正確に反映し、定量的な解析に適する。
Q1は、Siの周りに酸素を介して1つのSiを有する構造単位のことで、SiO4四面体が他の1つのSiO4四面体と連結していて、固体29Si-DD/MAS-NMRスペクトルにおいて-80ppm付近にピークを有する。
Q2は、Siの周りに酸素を介して2つのSiを有する構造単位のことで、SiO4四面体が他の2つのSiO4四面体と連結していて、固体29Si-DD/MAS-NMRスペクトルにおいて-91ppm付近にピークを有する。
Q3は、Siの周りに酸素を介して3つのSiを有する構造単位のことで、SiO4四面体が他の3つのSiO4四面体と連結していて、固体29Si-DD/MAS-NMRスペクトルにおいて-101ppm付近にピークを有する。
Q4は、Siの周りに酸素を介して4つのSiを有する構造単位のことで、SiO4四面体が他の4つのSiO4四面体と連結していて、固体29Si-DD/MAS-NMRスペクトルにおいて-110ppm付近にピークを有する。
平均1次粒子径(nm)=6000/(比表面積(m2/g)×密度(g/cm3)) ・・・ (4)
cv値=(標準偏差(nm)/平均2次粒子径(nm))×100 ・・・ (5)
会合比=平均2次粒子径/平均1次粒子径 ・・・ (6)
また、シリカ粒子に金属不純物が存在すると、酸性を示す表面シラノール基と金属不純物とが配位的な相互作用が発生し、表面シラノール基の化学的性質(酸性度等)を変化させたり、シリカ粒子表面の立体的な環境(シリカ粒子の凝集のしやすさ等)を変化させたり、研磨レートに影響を及ぼす。
水ガラス等の珪酸アルカリの脱イオンによる方法では、原料由来のナトリウム等が残存するため、シリカ粒子の金属不純物含有率を5ppm以下とすることが極めて困難である。
シリカ粒子の細孔の有無は、窒素を吸着ガスとした吸着等温線を用いたBET多点法解析により確認する。
シリカ粒子の製造方法としては、例えば、四塩化珪素の熱分解による方法、水ガラス等の珪酸アルカリの脱イオンによる方法、アルコキシシランの加水分解反応及び縮合反応による方法等が挙げられる。これらのシリカ粒子の製造方法の中でも、金属不純物含有率を低減させることができ、シリカ粒子の形状の制御が容易であることから、アルコキシシランの加水分解反応及び縮合反応による方法が好ましく。テトラアルコキシシランの加水分解反応及び縮合反応による方法がより好ましい。
触媒としては、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、リン酸、酢酸、ギ酸、クエン酸等の酸触媒、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラアミン、アンモニア、尿素、エタノールアミン、テトラメチル水酸化アンモニウム等のアルカリ触媒等が挙げられる。これらの触媒の中でも、触媒作用に優れ、粒子形状を制御しやすいことから、アルカリ触媒が好ましく、金属不純物の混入を抑制することができ、揮発性が高く縮合反応後の除去性に優れることから、アルカリ触媒が好ましく、アンモニアがより好ましい。
本実施形態にかかるシリカゾルは、本実施形態にかかるシリカ粒子及び溶媒又は分散媒を含むことが好ましい。
特に、シリカゾルの保存安定性に優れることから、シリカゾル中に抗菌・殺生物剤を含ませることが好ましい。
殺生物剤は、一般に殺菌剤と言われるものも含む。
シリカゾルのpHは、pH調整剤を添加することで、所望の範囲に設定することができる。
本実施形態にかかるシリカゾルは、加水分解反応及び縮合反応終了後の反応液をそのまま用いてもよく、加水分解反応及び縮合反応終了後の反応液中の成分のうち、不必要な成分を除去し、必要な成分を添加して製造してもよい。
ろ過の方法としては、例えば、常圧下での自然ろ過、減圧ろ過、加圧ろ過、遠心ろ過等が挙げられる。
ろ過は、任意のタイミング、任意の回数行ってもよいが、研磨組成物の保存安定性や研磨特性に優れることから、研磨組成物の調製直前に行うことが好ましい。
本実施形態にかかる研磨組成物は、本実施形態にかかるシリカゾルを含み、更に水溶性高分子を含むことが好ましい。
ポリビニルピロリドン骨格を有する共重合体としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコールとポリビニルピロリドンとのグラフト共重合体等が挙げられる。
ポリオキシアルキレン構造を有する重合体としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレン、ポリオキシプロピレン、エチレンオキサイドとプロピレンオキサイドとの共重合体等が挙げられる。
特に、シリコンウェハに代表される被研磨体の表面に化学的な作用を与えて化学的研磨(ケミカルエッチング)ができ、シリカ粒子の表面シラノール基との相乗効果により、シリコンウェハに代表される被研磨体の研磨速度を向上させることができることから、研磨組成物中に塩基性化合物を含ませることが好ましい。
研磨組成物のpHは、pH調整剤を添加することで、所望の範囲に設定することができる。
本実施形態にかかるシリカ粒子、本実施形態にかかる製造方法により得られるシリカ粒子、本実施形態にかかるシリカゾル、本実施形態にかかる研磨組成物は、研磨用途に好適に用いることができ、例えば、シリコンウェハ等の半導体材料の研磨、ハードディスク基板等の電子材料の研磨、集積回路を製造する際の平坦化工程における研磨(化学的機械的研磨)、フォトマスクや液晶に用いる合成石英ガラス基板の研磨、磁気ディスク基板の研磨等に用いることができ、中でもシリコンウェハの研磨や化学的機械的研磨に特に好適に用いることができる。
本実施形態にかかる研磨方法は、本実施形態にかかる研磨組成物を用いて研磨する方法が好ましい。
具体的な研磨の方法としては、例えば、シリコンウェハの表面を研磨パッドに押し付け、研磨パッド上に本実施形態にかかる研磨組成物を滴下し、シリコンウェハの表面を研磨する方法が挙げられる。
本実施形態にかかる半導体ウェハの製造方法は、本実施形態にかかる研磨組成物を用いて研磨する工程を含む方法であり、具体的な研磨の方法は、前述した通りである。
半導体ウェハとしては、例えば、シリコンウェハ、化合物半導体ウェハ等が挙げられる。
本実施形態にかかる半導体デバイスの製造方法は、本実施形態にかかる研磨組成物を用いて研磨する工程を含む方法であり、具体的な研磨の方法は、前述した通りである。
実施例・比較例で得られたシリカ粒子を含むシリカゾルを凍結乾燥し、比表面積自動測定装置「フローソーブII」(機種名、株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて、シリカ粒子の比表面積を測定し、下記式(4)を用い、密度を2.2g/cm3とし、平均1次粒子径を算出した。
平均1次粒子径(nm)=6000/(比表面積(m2/g)×密度(g/cm3)) ・・・ (4)
実施例・比較例で得られたシリカ粒子を含むシリカゾルを、動的光散乱粒子径測定装置「ゼーターサイザーナノZS」(機種名、マルバーン社製)を用いて、シリカ粒子の平均2次粒子径を測定し、下記式(5)を用いてcv値を算出した。
cv値=(標準偏差(nm)/平均2次粒子径(nm))×100 ・・・ (5)
測定した平均1次粒子径と平均2次粒子径とから、下記式(6)を用いて会合比を算出した。
会合比=平均2次粒子径/平均1次粒子径 ・・・ (6)
実施例・比較例で得られたシリカ粒子を含むシリカゾルの、シリカ粒子1.5gに相当する量を、200mLトールビーカーに採取し、純水を加えて液量を90mLにした。
25℃の環境下、トールビーカーにpH電極を挿入し、マグネティックスターラーにより試験液を5分間撹拌させた。マグネティックスターラーによる攪拌を続けた状態で、pHが3.6になるまで0.1mol/Lの塩酸水溶液を加えた。トールビーカーからpH電極を取り外し、マグネティックスターラーによる攪拌を続けた状態で、塩化ナトリウムを30g加え、純水を徐々に加えながら塩化ナトリウムを完全に溶解させた。最終的に試験液の総量が150mLになるまで純水を加え、マグネティックスターラーにより試験液を5分間撹拌させ、試験液を得た。
下記式(1)を用いて、シリカ粒子1.5gあたりのpHが4.0から9.0になるのに要した0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の消費量V(mL)を算出し、下記式(2)を用いて、シリカ粒子の表面シラノール基の含有率x(質量%)を算出した。
V=(A×f×100×1.5)/(W×C) ・・・ (1)
A:シリカ粒子1.5gあたりのpHが4.0から9.0になるのに要した0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の滴定量(mL)
f:用いた0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の力価
C:シリカゾル中のシリカ粒子の濃度(質量%)
W:シリカゾルの採取量(g)
x=(B×17/M)×100 ・・・ (2)
B:Vから算出したシリカ粒子1.5gあたりのpHが4.0から9.0になるのに要した水酸化ナトリウム量(mol)
M:シリカ粒子量(1.5g)
実施例・比較例で得られたシリカゾルを凍結乾燥させ、測定サンプルとした。400MHzの核磁気共鳴装置(機種名「Varian NMR Systems 400WB」、Varian社製)を用い、直径7.5mmのCP/MAS用プローブを装着し、観測核を29Siとし、DD/MAS法で測定した。測定条件は、29Si共鳴周波数を79.43MHz、29Si90°パルス幅を5μ秒、1H共鳴周波数を399.84MHz、1Hデカップリング周波数を50kHz、MAS回転数を4kHz、スペクトル幅を30.49kHz、測定温度を23℃とした。データ解析は、フーリエ変換後のスペクトルの各ピークについて、ローレンツ波形とガウス波形の混合により作成したピーク形状の中心位置、高さ、半値幅を可変パラメータとして、非線形最小二乗法により最適化計算を行った。Q1、Q2、Q3及びQ4の4つの構造単位を対象とし、得られたQ1の含有率、Q2の含有率、Q3の含有率及びQ4の含有率から、下記式(3)を用いてバルクシラノール基の含有率y(質量%)を算出した。
y={(Q3の含有率×17+Q2の含有率×17×2+Q1の含有率×17×3)/(60+Q3の含有率×1+Q2の含有率×2+Q1の含有率×3)}×100 ・・・ (3)
比較例1で得られたシリカ粒子を0.4g含むシリカゾルを正確に量り取り、硫酸とフッ酸を加え、加温、溶解、及び蒸発させ、残存した硫酸滴に総量が正確に10gとなるよう純水を加えて試験液を作製し、高周波誘導結合プラズマ質量分析装置「ELEMENT2」(機種名、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)を用いて、金属不純物含有率を測定した。
シリカ粒子中の金属不純物含有率は、ナトリウムが1.1ppm、カリウムが0.140ppm、鉄が0.015ppm、アルミニウムが0.135ppm、カルシウムが0.075ppm、亜鉛が0.07ppm、マグネシウム、コバルト、クロム、銅、マンガン、鉛、チタン、銀、ニッケルがいずれも0.005ppm未満であった。
これより、実施例1~3及び比較例2、3のシリカ粒子における金属不純物含有率も、いずれも5ppm以下であると考えられる。
実施例・比較例で得られたシリカ粒子に対し、購入又は製造後1年経過後、肉眼でシリカ粒子の沈降の有無を確認して保存安定性の評価を行った。
沈降したシリカ粒子が肉眼で確認されない場合を保存安定性が良好であるとして表中「A」で示した。沈降したシリカ粒子が確認される場合とされない場合の両方存在する場合を保存安定性が中程度であるとして表中「B」で示した。多量のシリカ粒子が沈降する場合を保存安定性がないものとして表中「C」で示した。
テトラメトキシシランとメタノールとを3:1(体積比)で混合し、原料溶液を調製した。温度計、攪拌機、供給管、留出ラインを備えた反応槽に、予めメタノール、純水、アンモニアを混合した反応溶媒を仕込んだ。反応溶媒中の水の濃度は15質量%、反応溶媒中のアンモニアの濃度は1質量%であった。
反応溶媒の温度を20℃に保持しながら、反応溶媒と原料溶液とを9.2:1(体積比)とし、原料溶液を25分間、均等速度で反応槽へ滴下し、シリカゾルを得た。得られたシリカゾルを、シリカ粒子の含有率が約20質量%になるように、液量を純水追加で調整しながら、温度を上げてメタノールとアンモニアの除去を行い、シリカ粒子の含有率が約20質量%のシリカゾルを得た。
得られたシリカ粒子の評価結果を、表1に示す。
比較例1で得られたシリカゾルを、表1の条件で加圧加熱処理し、シリカ粒子の含有率が約20質量%のシリカゾルを得た。
得られたシリカゾルに含まれるシリカ粒子の評価結果を、表1に示す。尚、表中、比較例2及び3の粒子物性を表す「-」は、著しい粒子凝集のために測定できなかったことを意味する。
市販のシリカゾル(商品名「PL-3」、扶桑化学工業株式会社製)をそのまま用いた。
かかるシリカゾルに含まれるシリカ粒子の評価結果を、表1に示す。
また、加圧加熱処理を行ったものの、アルカリ性下で処理した比較例2及び酸性下で処理した比較例3は、シリカ粒子が著しく凝集してしまい、表面に存在するシラノール基の割合の測定ができなかった。
市販のシリカゾルである比較例4では、シリカ粒子の沈降が発生する場合とそうでない場合とが見られ、保存安定性は中程度であった。
加圧加熱処理を行なわなかった比較例1では、今回の評価で沈降したシリカ粒子が肉眼で確認されなかったが、実施例1~3よりもアルコキシ基やシラノール基の含有量が多いと考えられ、反応活性なサイトが多く、更なる長期保存をした場合には、シリカ粒子の沈降が発生すると考えられる。
更に、比較例1及び比較例4では、表面シラノール基割合が大きかった。表面シラノール基割合が大きいことで、大きな員環の形成が行われず、SiO4四面体の酸素を共有することによる員環の形成が促進されず、シリカ粒子の欠陥が多いと考えられる。これは4員環が多いことを意味するので歪が多く弾性変形しやすいことからシリカ粒子の機械的強度に劣り、研磨組成物の研磨特性に劣ることが予想される。
Claims (15)
- シアーズ法により測定した表面シラノール基の含有率をx質量%、固体29Si-DD/MAS-NMRにより測定したバルクシラノール基の含有率をy質量%としたとき、(x/y)×100%で表される表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、15%以下である、シリカ粒子。
- 前記表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、10%以下である、請求項1に記載のシリカ粒子。
- 前記表面に存在するシラノール基の割合が、1%以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のシリカ粒子。
- BET法により測定した平均1次粒子径が、10nm~60nmである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のシリカ粒子。
- DLS法により測定した平均2次粒子径が、20nm~100nmである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のシリカ粒子。
- 金属不純物含有率が、5ppm以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のシリカ粒子。
- テトラアルコキシシラン縮合物を主成分とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のシリカ粒子。
- 前記テトラアルコキシシラン縮合物が、テトラメトキシシラン縮合物を含む、請求項7に記載のシリカ粒子。
- シリカ粒子を加圧加熱処理して、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のシリカ粒子を得る、シリカ粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のシリカ粒子を含む、シリカゾル。
- シリカ粒子の含有率が、シリカゾル全量中、3質量%~50質量%である、請求項10に記載のシリカゾル。
- 請求項10又は11に記載のシリカゾルを含む、研磨組成物。
- 請求項12に記載の研磨組成物を用いて研磨する、研磨方法。
- 請求項12に記載の研磨組成物を用いて研磨する工程を含む、半導体ウェハの製造方法。
- 請求項12に記載の研磨組成物を用いて研磨する工程を含む、半導体デバイスの製造方法。
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| JP2023014749A (ja) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-01-31 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | シリカ粒子、シリカゾル、研磨組成物、研磨方法、半導体ウェハの製造方法及び半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
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| JP7211147B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-21 | 2023-01-24 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | シリカ粒子、シリカゾル、研磨組成物、研磨方法、半導体ウェハの製造方法及び半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
| CN113912070A (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-11 | 湖北鼎龙控股股份有限公司 | 一种硅溶胶及其制备方法 |
| US12378127B2 (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2025-08-05 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | Silica sol having particle size distribution and production method therefor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023014749A (ja) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-01-31 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | シリカ粒子、シリカゾル、研磨組成物、研磨方法、半導体ウェハの製造方法及び半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
| JP7826621B2 (ja) | 2021-07-19 | 2026-03-10 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 研磨用シリカ粒子、シリカゾル、研磨組成物、研磨方法、半導体ウェハの製造方法及び半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20210130146A (ko) | 2021-10-29 |
| US20210380844A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| TW202100464A (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
| JPWO2020171134A1 (ja) | 2021-03-11 |
| CN118439623A (zh) | 2024-08-06 |
| CN113474289A (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
| US12297376B2 (en) | 2025-05-13 |
| EP3929155A4 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
| KR20250172737A (ko) | 2025-12-09 |
| EP3929155A1 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
| KR102893154B1 (ko) | 2025-11-28 |
| TWI846823B (zh) | 2024-07-01 |
| JP6756423B1 (ja) | 2020-09-16 |
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