WO2020175930A1 - 수증기 발생 장치 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 시스템 - Google Patents

수증기 발생 장치 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 시스템 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020175930A1
WO2020175930A1 PCT/KR2020/002803 KR2020002803W WO2020175930A1 WO 2020175930 A1 WO2020175930 A1 WO 2020175930A1 KR 2020002803 W KR2020002803 W KR 2020002803W WO 2020175930 A1 WO2020175930 A1 WO 2020175930A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
space
vaporization
tube
disposed
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2020/002803
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
김연길
김영빈
이준우
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Mico Ltd
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Mico Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mico Ltd filed Critical Mico Ltd
Priority to US17/434,673 priority Critical patent/US11857891B2/en
Priority to CN202080017419.1A priority patent/CN113507970B/zh
Publication of WO2020175930A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020175930A1/ko
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/02—Evaporators with heating coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
    • B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
    • B01B1/005—Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/14—Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/0009—Coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0211—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0216—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step containing a non-catalytic steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1288—Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steam generator for stably supplying steam to a fuel reformer for reforming hydrocarbon fuel, and a fuel cell system including the same.
  • Fuel cells generate electricity by using the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a steam generating device capable of stably and uniformly providing steam to a fuel reforming device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system including the steam generator.
  • a steam generating apparatus includes a chamber having an internal space; a first compartment coupled to a side wall of the chamber and having an opening formed in the middle, and a second extending downward from the opening Including a partition, a space partitioning member that divides the inner space into a vapor discharge space and a heating space; disposed in the form of a coil surrounding the second compartment in the heating space, and in a water supply device disposed outside the chamber Located in the connected first end and the steam discharge space 2020/175930 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002803
  • a second gasification tube having a third end and a fourth end positioned in the steam discharge space; disposed between the first gasification tube and the second gasification tube, the first gasification tube in the direction of the second compartment And an inner cage pressurized by; And an outer cage disposed to surround the second
  • the first vaporization tube or the second vaporization tube may be formed of a bellows-type tube.
  • the steam generating device may further include a steam pressure change reducing member disposed inside the first gasification tube or the second gasification tube, and having a porous structure through which steam can pass.
  • the space partition member may further include a plurality of first guide protrusions protruding from the surface of the second partition to support the first vaporization tube.
  • the inner cage has a first upper edge portion having a circular ring shape of a first diameter and arranged to surround the first vaporization tube; has a circular ring shape of the first diameter, the A first lower frame disposed under the first upper border and disposed to surround the first vaporization tube; Connecting the first upper border and the first lower border, arranged to be spaced apart from each other, A plurality of first connectors for pressing the first gasification tube together with the first upper rim and the first lower border; and a plurality of second guide protrusions protruding from the first connection to support the second gasification tube Can include
  • the outer cage has a circular ring shape of a second diameter, and a second upper border portion disposed to surround the second vaporization tube; has a circular ring shape of the second diameter, A second lower border portion disposed to surround the second gasification tube and disposed below the second upper edge portion; And connect the second upper edge portion and the second lower edge portion, and are disposed to be spaced apart from each other, It may include a plurality of second connection portions for pressing the second gasification tube together with the second upper edge portion and the second lower edge portion.
  • the outer cage has a circular ring shape of the second diameter, is disposed so as to surround the second vaporization tube, and is disposed between the second upper frame part and the second lower frame part And it may further include a middle border portion coupled to the second upper edge portion and the second lower edge portion by the second connection portion.
  • the steam generating device is by the second compartment
  • It may further include a temperature sensor coupled to the outer surface of the chamber corresponding to the formed second space to measure the temperature inside the chamber.
  • the steam generating device is by the second compartment 2020/175930 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002803 It is possible to further include a water detector that is disposed in the second space to be formed and detects the liquid matter existing in the second space.
  • a fuel cell system is a steam generator that converts liquid water provided from a water supply device into steam; a fuel gas containing hydrogen by reacting the steam and hydrocarbon fuel provided from the steam generator. And a fuel cell stack that generates electricity by using the fuel gas provided from the fuel reforming device and air provided from the external air supply device, and in this case, the steam generator is an internal space A chamber having; A first compartment coupled to a side wall of the chamber and having an opening formed in a center portion, and a second compartment extending downward from the opening, wherein the inner space is formed into a vapor discharge space and a heating space.
  • a space partition member for dividing; A first end disposed in a coil shape surrounding the second compartment in the heating space and connected to a water supply device disposed outside the chamber, and a second end disposed in the steam discharge space
  • a first vaporization tube having; A material arranged in the form of a coil surrounding the first vaporization tube in the heating space, and having a third end connected to the water supply device and a fourth end located in the water vapor discharge space 2 vaporization pipe;
  • An inner cage disposed between the first vaporization pipe and the second vaporization pipe, for pressing the first vaporization pipe in the direction of the second compartment; And arranged to surround the second vaporization pipe,
  • An external cage for pressing the second vaporization pipe in the direction of the first vaporization pipe may be included, and the chamber may have a vapor discharge port connecting the vapor discharge space to the fuel reformer.
  • the steam generating device may further include a combustor that burns gas discharged from the fuel cell stack and supplies it to the heating space.
  • the first and second gasification tubes are not directly connected to the fuel reforming device, but are connected to the fuel reforming device through the steam discharge space of the chamber, so that the fuel reforming device It can supply water vapor more uniformly.
  • the first and second gasification tubes can be fixed through the inner cage and the outer cage, so not only can the structural stability of the steam generating device be improved, but also the applied vaporization tube The diameter can be reduced, and the evaporation efficiency of the material can be further improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a steam generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 are perspective views for explaining one embodiment of the inner cage and the outer cage shown in FIG. 1, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an embodiment of the first and second tube tubes shown in FIG. 1
  • Figure 5 illustrates a water vapor pressure change reducing member according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures% and Figures are graphs showing the measured pressure changes for steam generators to which a flat tubular vaporizer and a bellows vaporizer are applied, respectively.
  • first and second may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. The terms distinguish one element from the other.
  • a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may be named a first component without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a steam generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 2 and 3 are perspective views for explaining each embodiment of the inner cage and the outer cage shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 4 is It is a cross-sectional perspective view for explaining an embodiment of the first and second gasification tubes shown in 1.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the water vapor pressure change reducing member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the steam generator 100 is methane (CH 4 ), ethane 2 H 6 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), butane (C 4 H 10 ), Water vapor can be provided to the fuel reformer (1200 in Fig. 6) that generates hydrogen necessary for the reaction of the fuel cell from hydrocarbon fuels containing chemically hydrogen such as natural gas and coal gas.
  • the fuel reforming device 1200 is from the methane and the steam generating device (loo and noo in FIG. 6) according to the following Reaction Formula 1
  • the hydrogen can be produced by reacting the supplied water vapor.
  • the steam generating device 100 includes a chamber 110, a space partition member 120, a first vaporization pipe 130, a second vaporization pipe 140, an inner cage 150, and an outer It may include a cage 160 and a heating device (not shown).
  • the chamber (no) can have internal spaces (10, 20), and the space division
  • the member 120 is disposed inside the chamber (no) to provide an internal space (io,
  • a steam discharge space (10) can be divided into two spaces, namely, a steam discharge space (10) and a heating space (20).
  • a steam outlet 111 through which steam is discharged may be formed in a portion forming the steam discharge space 10 of the chamber 110, and the steam outlet 111 is the fuel reforming device (1200 in FIG. 6).
  • the chamber 110 and the space partition member 120 may be formed of a material that is stable at high temperatures.
  • the chamber 110 and the space partition member 120 are 2020/175930 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002803 It can be formed of materials such as metals, alloys, ceramics, metal composites, metal and ceramic composites, etc. that are independently stable at high temperatures.
  • the space partition member 120 may be formed of the same material or may be formed of different materials.
  • the steam discharge space 10 is a first space (10 ⁇ and located below the first space (10 ⁇ ) directly connected to the steam discharge hole 111 and does not change to steam
  • a second space in which water generated by cooling water vapor is temporarily stored may include 10 ratio, and the water stored in the second space (10 ratio) can be converted into water vapor by the heat energy supplied to the heating space 20 .
  • the second space (1A5) has an upper side connected to the first space (10 ⁇ and side and / Or the bottom portion may be formed so as to be surrounded by the heating space 20.
  • the shape of the second space 101 is It is not particularly limited.
  • the second space (1a5) may have a shape such as a cylinder, a square column, a cone, a square pyramid, etc., whose sides are surrounded by the heating space 20.
  • the space partition member 120 in order to form the first space 10 and the second space 20, includes a first partition 121 and a second partition 122
  • the first compartment 121 has an opening of a predetermined shape formed in the center portion, is coupled to the side wall of the chamber 110, the first space (10 ⁇ and the heating space 20)
  • the second compartment 122 extends downward from the opening of the first compartment 121 to form the second space 101, and the second space (10 non-existent heating spaces) (20) can be divided.
  • the space partition member 120 is the second partition unit 122
  • first guide protrusions 123 may include a plurality of first guide protrusions 123 protruding from the surface in the direction of the first vaporization pipe 130.
  • the first guide protrusion 123 supports the lower part of the first vaporization pipe 130 The bonding position of the first vaporization tube 130 can be guided.
  • the first vaporization tube 130 is the second space 101 in the heating space 20
  • the first vaporization tube 130 may be disposed in the form of a coil surrounding the first end of the chamber 0 connected to an external water supply device (not shown) and the steam discharge space 10
  • the second end may be provided, and the heating space 20 may be disposed to extend to the steam discharge space 10 through the above-described shape.
  • the second vaporization pipe 140 may be arranged in the form of a coil surrounding the outside of the first vaporization pipe 130.
  • the second vaporization pipe 140 is provided from the outside of the chamber 0 to the water supply device. It has a connected third end and a second end located in the steam discharge space 10, and can be arranged to extend to the steam discharge space 10 through the heating space 20 in the same manner as above. . 2020/175930 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002803
  • the water supplied from the external water supply device to the first and second vaporization pipes 130 and 140 is the heating space It is converted into water vapor while moving 20, and the converted water vapor can be discharged into the water vapor discharge space 10, and discharged into the water vapor discharge space 10 from the first and second vaporization pipes 130 and 140
  • the steam may be supplied to the fuel reformer (1200 in Fig. 6) through the steam outlet 111.
  • the vaporization tube The diameter can be reduced, which can significantly improve the water vapor conversion efficiency.
  • each of the first and second vaporization tubes 130 and 140 may include a bellows-type tube with a wrinkle formed on an inner surface thereof as shown in FIG. 4. 2
  • the vaporization tubes 130 and 140 are formed as bellows type tubes, water is converted to water vapor with higher efficiency due to the increase in surface area due to the inner wrinkles of the first and second vaporization tubes 130 and 140. Not only can it be converted, but also it is possible to reduce the pressure change of the water vapor discharged from the first and second gasification pipes (130, 140).
  • the inner cage 150 is disposed between the first vaporization pipe 130 and the second vaporization pipe 140, the first vaporization pipe 130 and the second space 101). It is possible to fix it by pressing in the direction of the second compartment 122 of the space partition member 120 to be formed, as well as to support the second vaporization pipe 140.
  • the inner cage 150 includes a first upper edge portion 151, a first lower edge portion 152, a plurality of first connection portions 154, and It may include a plurality of second guide projections (155).
  • the first upper edge portion 151 and the first lower edge portion 152 may each have a circular ring shape having a constant width, and are arranged to pressurize the first gasification tube 130 while surrounding the first gasification tube 130
  • the first lower edge portion 152 may be disposed under the first upper edge portion 151 and may have the same diameter as the first upper edge portion 151.
  • the plurality of first connection parts 154 connect the first upper frame part 151 and the first lower frame part 152 and are disposed to be spaced apart from each other, and the first upper part
  • the plurality of second guide protrusions 155 includes the plurality of first connection parts 154
  • the spacing and protrusion lengths of the plurality of second guide protrusions 155 are defined above. 2 Can be appropriately adjusted according to the diameter of the gasification tube 140.
  • the outer cage 160 is disposed so as to surround the second vaporization pipe 140, and the second vaporization pipe 140 is pressed in the direction of the first vaporization pipe 130 to fix it.
  • the outer cage 160 includes a second upper edge portion 161, a second lower edge portion 162, a middle edge portion 163, and a plurality of It may include a second connection (164).
  • the rim portion 163 may each have a circular ring shape having a constant width, and may be disposed to pressurize it while surrounding the second vaporization tube 140.
  • the second lower rim portion 162 is the second upper part of the second part. It is disposed under the edge portion 161, the middle edge portion 163 may be disposed between the second upper edge portion 161 and the second lower edge portion 162, all of which may have the same diameter.
  • the plurality of second connection portions 164 may connect the second upper edge portion 161, the second lower edge portion 162, and the middle edge portion 163, together with the second
  • the vaporization pipe 140 may be pressurized in the direction of the first vaporization pipe 130.
  • the heating device may supply heat energy to the heating space 20 to convert water moving in the first and second vaporization tubes 130 and 140 into steam.
  • the heating device may include a high-temperature gas supply device (see 1400 in FIG. 6) that supplies high-temperature gas to the heating space.
  • the chamber 110 A gas supply port 112 through which a high-temperature gas is injected from the high-temperature gas supply device and a gas discharge port 112 through which a high-temperature gas is discharged from the heating space 20 may be formed in the forming part 20.
  • the heating space 20 ), the high temperature gas is not particularly limited.
  • the high temperature gas the gas discharged from the fuel cell stack (1300 in Fig. 2) may be used. That is, the heating device is the fuel. After the gas discharged from the battery stack is burned using a burner (1400 in FIG. 2), the high-temperature gas burned through a blower or the like can be supplied to the heating space 20.
  • the heating device may include an electric heater (not shown) installed on a side wall of the chamber 110 forming the heating space 20.
  • the steam generating device 100 is coupled to the lower portion of the second space (1 Ah 5) of the chamber 110, the inside of the chamber 110 It may further include a temperature sensor 170 for measuring the temperature of.
  • the steam generating device 100 is disposed inside each of the first and second vaporization tubes 130 and 140
  • it may further include a water vapor pressure change reducing member 180 for reducing the pressure change of the water vapor discharged from the first and second vaporization pipes (130, 140).
  • the water vapor pressure change reducing member 180 may be disposed adjacent to the end of the first and second vaporization pipes 130 and 140 from which water vapor is discharged, and may have a porous structure through which water vapor can pass.
  • the water vapor pressure change reducing member 180 may include a mesh structure or a foaming structure inserted and disposed inside the first and second vaporization pipes 130 and 140.
  • the water vapor pressure change reducing member 180 is It can suppress the pressure change of water vapor due to the LeidenFrost effect.
  • the steam generating device 100 is disposed in the second space (10b) to detect the liquid material existing in the second space (10b)
  • a water detector (not shown) may be further included. Due to the occurrence of abnormal conditions such as a decrease in the temperature of the high-temperature gas or a failure of the heating device, the liquid water is not converted into water vapor in the vaporization pipe 130 and the second space 10b If water vapor is not supplied to the fuel reforming device (1200 in Fig. 2), such as stored in), a large amount of carbon may be generated that damages the fuel electrode of the fuel cell as described above.
  • the water detector is the second space.
  • the configuration of the water detector 150 is not particularly limited.
  • the first and second gasification tubes are
  • water vapor can be supplied to the fuel reforming device more uniformly.
  • an external water supply device (not shown) uses a pump device to supply water to the vaporization tube and directly connect the vaporization tube to the fuel reformer.
  • the pulsation of the pump device The steam supplied to the fuel reformer is also supplied unevenly according to the pulsation of the pump device.
  • the first and second vaporization tubes are connected to the fuel reforming device through the steam discharge space of the chamber. When connected to, the water vapor discharge space can relieve the pulsation of the pump device.
  • the first and second vaporization tubes can be fixed, not only can the structural stability of the water vapor generating device be improved, but also the diameter of the applied vaporization pipe can be reduced, thereby further improving the vaporization efficiency of water.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a fuel cell system 1000 may include a steam generating device Noo, a fuel reforming device 1200, and a fuel cell stack 1300. 2020/175930 1»(:1/10 ⁇ 020/002803
  • the steam generator 1100 receives liquid water from an external water supply device (not shown), converts it into steam, and supplies it to the fuel reformer 1200).
  • the steam generating device 1100 the steam generating device 100 described with reference to FIG. 1 may be applied, so a detailed description of the steam generating device 100 may be omitted.
  • the fuel reforming device 1200 is supplied from an external fuel supply device (not shown).
  • Hydrocarbon fuel and water vapor supplied from the steam generator (00) can be reacted to produce a fuel gas containing hydrogen.
  • a fuel reforming device (1200) a known or future fuel reforming device can be applied without limitation. Therefore, a detailed description of this is omitted.
  • the fuel cell stack 1300 may generate electricity by using hydrogen of fuel gas provided from the fuel reformer 1200 and oxygen of air provided from an external air supply device (not shown). Such a fuel cell stack 1300.
  • Solid oxide fuel cell stack solid polymer fuel cell stack, phosphoric acid fuel cell stack, molten carbonate fuel cell stack, etc. can be applied without limitation.
  • the heating device of the steam generating device 1100 may include a combustor 1400 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the combustor 1400 may burn the gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1300 and supply it as a high-temperature gas to the heating space 20 of the steam generator 1100.
  • the combustor 1400 may include the above. Heat energy necessary for the reaction between the hydrocarbon fuel and the water vapor can be supplied to the fuel reformer 1200.
  • a known combustion device can be applied without limitation as such a combustor 1400.
  • the maximum pressure was measured as 5.2 1 3 ⁇ 4, and in the steam generator with the bellows-type vaporization tube, the maximum pressure was measured as 3.7 1 3 ⁇ 4. That is, the steam generator with the bellows-type vaporization tube is a flat tubular machine. It was found that the maximum pressure was reduced by about 1.5 1 3 ⁇ 4 compared to the steam generator with a corolla applied.

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Abstract

탄화수소 연료의 개질을 위한 수증기 발생 장치가 개시된다. 수증기 발생 장치는 내부 공간을 구비하는 챔버; 챔버의 측벽에 결합되고 가운데 부분에 형성된 개구부를 구비하는 제1 구획부 및 개구부로부터 하부로 연장된 제2 구획부를 포함하고, 내부 공간을 수증기 배출 공간과 가열 공간으로 분할하는 공간 구획 부재; 가열 공간 내에서 제2 구획부를 둘러싸는 코일 형태로 배치되고, 챔버 외부에 배치된 물 공급 장치에 연결된 제1 단부 및 수증기 배출 공간에 위치하는 제2 단부를 구비하는 제1 기화관; 가열 공간 내에서 제1 기화관을 둘러싸는 코일 형태로 배치되고, 물 공급 장치에 연결된 제3 단부 및 수증기 배출 공간에 위치하는 제4 단부를 구비하는 제2 기화관; 제1 기화관과 제2 기화관 사이에 배치되고, 제1 기화관을 제2 구획부 방향으로 가압하는 내부 케이지; 및 제2 기화관을 둘러싸도록 배치되고, 제2 기화관을 제1 기화관 방향으로 가압하는 외부 케이지를 구비한다.

Description

2020/175930 1»（：1/10公020/002803 명세서
발명의 명칭:수증기발생장치및이를포함하는연료전지시스템 기술분야
[1] 본발명은탄화수소연료를개질하는연료개질장치에안정적으로수증기를 공급하는수증기발생장치및이를포함하는연료전지시스템에관한것이다. 배경기술
[2] 연료전지는수소와산소의반응을이용하여전기를생성한다.
연료전지（3010에서는도시가스와같은탄화수소계열의연료로외부개질을 통하여일부수소를생성하게되고,이를연료전지의연료로사용한다.이러한 연료전지는수소를직접사용하는경우에가장효율이높으나이를위해 수소저장탱크를연료전지가설치되는곳에직접설치하는것은안전성에많은 문제를초래한다.따라서현재에는탄화수소연료를개질하여수소를생성하고 이를연료전지의연료로사용한다.
[3] 이러한탄화수소연료를개질하는방법으로수증기와탄화수소연료를
반응시켜수소를생성하는수증기개질방법이주로사용되고있다.이러한 수증기개질방법에서는수증기와탄화수소연료의반응에의해수소, 일산화탄소,이산화탄소등이주로생성되고이들이연료전지에연료가스로 공급된다.
[4] 하지만,이러한수증기개질방법에 있어서 ,수증기의양이탄화수소연료양에 비해적거나반응온도가낮아지는경우이들의반응에의해연료전지의전극을 급격하게훼손할수있는탄소（（：）가생성되는문제점이있다.따라서이러한 탄소（0의생성을방지하기위해서는,탄화수소연료와수증기의반응이 일어나는연료개질장치에수증기를안정적이고균일하게제공하여야한다. 발명의상세한설명
기술적과제
[5] 본발명의일목적은연료개질장치에수증기를안정적으로균일하게제공할 수있는수증기발생장치를제공하는것이다.
[6] 본발명의다른목적은상기수증기발생장치를포함하는연료전지시스템을 제공하는것이다.
과제해결수단
[7] 본발명의실시예에따른수증기발생장치는내부공간을구비하는챔버;상기 챔버의측벽에결합되고가운데부분에형성된개구부를구비하는제 1구획부 및상기개구부로부터하부로연장된제 2구획부를포함하고,상기내부공간을 수증기배출공간과가열공간으로분할하는공간구획부재 ;상기가열공간 내에서상기제 2구획부를둘러싸는코일형태로배치되고,상기챔버외부에 배치된물공급장치에연결된제 1단부및상기수증기배출공간에위치하는 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803 제 2단부를구비하는제 1기화관;상기가열공간내에서상기제 1기화관을 둘러싸는코일형태로배치되고,상기물공급장치에 연결된제 3단부및상기 수증기 배출공간에 위치하는제 4단부를구비하는제 2기화관;상기제 1 기화관과상기제 2기화관사이에 배치되고,상기제 1기화관을상기 제 2구획부 방향으로가압하는내부케이지;및상기제 2기화관을둘러싸도록배치되고, 상기 제 2기화관을상기제 1기화관방향으로가압하는외부케이지를포함한다.
[8] 일실시예에 있어서,상기제 1기화관또는상기제 2기화관은벨로즈형튜브로 형성될수있다.
[9] 일실시예에 있어서 ,상기수증기 발생장치는상기제 1기화관또는상기제 2 기화관내부에 배치되고,수증기가통과할수있는다공성구조를가지는수증기 압력변화저감부재를더포함할수있다.
[1이 일실시예에 있어서,상기공간구획부재는상기제 2구획부의표면으로부터 돌출되어상기제 1기화관을지지하는복수의제 1가이드돌기부를더포함할수 있다.
[11] 일실시예에 있어서,상기내부케이지는제 1직경의원형고리 형상을갖고 상기 제 1기화관을둘러싸도록배치된제 1상부테두리부;상기 제 1직경의 원형 고리 형상을갖고,상기 제 1상부테두리부의하부에 배치되며,상기제 1 기화관을둘러싸도록배치된제 1하부테두리부;상기 제 1상부테두리부와상기 제 1하부테두리부를연결하고,서로이격되게 배치되며 ,상기제 1상부 테두리부및상기 제 1하부테두리부와함께상기제 1기화관을가압하는복수의 제 1연결부;및상기제 1연결부로부터돌출되어상기제 2기화관을지지하는 복수의 제 2가이드돌기부를포함할수있다.
[12] 일실시예에 있어서,상기외부케이지는제 2직경의원형고리 형상을갖고, 상기 제 2기화관을둘러싸도록배치된제 2상부테두리부;상기 제 2직경의 원형 고리 형상을갖고,상기 제 2기화관을둘러싸도록배치되며 ,상기 제 2상부 테두리부의하부에 배치된제 2하부테두리부;및상기제 2상부테두리부와 상기 제 2하부테두리부를연결하고,서로이격되게배치되며 ,상기 제 2상부 테두리부및상기 제 2하부테두리부와함께상기제 2기화관을가압하는복수의 제 2연결부를포함할수있다.
[13] 일실시예에 있어서,상기외부케이지는상기 제 2직경의 원형고리 형상을 갖고,상기 제 2기화관을둘러싸도록배치되며 ,상기 제 2상부테두리부와상기 제 2하부테두리부사이에 배치되며상기제 2연결부에의해상기제 2상부 테두리부와상기제 2하부테두리부에 결합되는중간테두리부를더포함할수 있다.
[14] 일실시예에 있어서,상기수증기 발생장치는상기제 2구획부에의해
형성되는제 2공간에 대응되는상기 챔버의외면에 결합되어상기 챔버내부의 온도를측정하는온도센서를더포함할수있다.
[15] 일실시예에 있어서,상기수증기 발생장치는상기제 2구획부에의해 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803 형성되는제 2공간내에 배치되어상기제 2공간에존재하는액체물을감지하는 물감지기를더포함할수있다.
[16] 본발명의실시예에따른연료전지시스템은물공급장치로부터제공된액체 물을수증기로변환하는수증기발생장치 ;상기수증기발생장치로부터 제공받은수증기 및탄화수소연료를반응시켜수소를포함하는연료가스를 생성하는연료개질장치;및상기 연료개질장치로부터 제공된상기 연료가스 및외부공기 공급장치로부터 제공된공기를이용하여 전기를생성하는 연료전지스택을포함할수있고,이 경우,상기수증기 발생장치는내부공간을 구비하는챔버;상기 챔버의측벽에 결합되고가운데부분에 형성된개구부를 구비하는제 1구획부및상기 개구부로부터하부로연장된제 2구획부를 포함하고,상기 내부공간을수증기 배출공간과가열공간으로분할하는공간 구획부재;상기 가열공간내에서상기 제 2구획부를둘러싸는코일형태로 배치되고,상기 챔버외부에 배치된물공급장치에 연결된제 1단부및상기 수증기 배출공간에 위치하는제 2단부를구비하는제 1기화관;상기가열공간 내에서상기제 1기화관을둘러싸는코일형태로배치되고,상기물공급장치에 연결된제 3단부및상기수증기 배출공간에위치하는제 4단부를구비하는제 2 기화관;상기제 1기화관과상기 제 2기화관사이에 배치되고,상기 제 1기화관을 상기 제 2구획부방향으로가압하는내부케이지;및상기 제 2기화관을 둘러싸도록배치되고,상기제 2기화관을상기 제 1기화관방향으로가압하는 외부케이지를포함할수있으며,상기 챔버는상기수증기 배출공간을상기 연료개질장치에 연결하는수증기 배출구를구비할수있다.
[17] 일실시예에 있어서,상기수증기 발생장치는상기 연료전지스택에서 배출된 가스를연소시켜 이를상기가열공간에공급하는연소기를더포함할수있다. 발명의효과
[18] 본발명의수증기발생장치에따르면,상기 제 1및제 2기화관을상기 연료 개질장치에직접 연결하지 않고상기 챔버의수증기 배출공간을통하여상기 연료개질장치에 연결하므로,상기 연료개질장치에보다균일하게수증기를 공급할수있다.
[19] 그리고상기 제 1및제 2기화관으로벨로즈형튜브를적용하는경우,수증기 발생효율을향상시킬수있을뿐만아니라상기 연료개질장치에공급되는 수증기의 압력변화를더욱감소시킬수있다.나아가상기 제 1및제 2기화관 내에수증기 압력변화저감부재를배치시키는경우,상기 연료개질장치에 공급되는수증기의 압력변화를추가적으로감소시킬수있다.
[2이 한편,본발명의수증기발생장치에따르면,내부케이지 및외부케이지를 통해제 1및제 2기화관을고정할수있으므로,상기수증기 발생장치의구조적 안정성을향상시킬수있을뿐만아니라적용되는기화관의직경을감소시킬수 있고,이로인해물의 기화효율을더욱향상시킬수있다. 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803 도면의간단한설명
[21] 도 1은본발명의실시예에따른수증기발생장치를설명하기위한단면도이다.
[22] 도 2및도 3은도 1에도시된내부케이지 및외부케이지의 일실시예들을각각 설명하기 위한사시도들이다.
[23] 도 4는도 1에도시된제 1및제 2튜브관의 일실시예를설명하기 위한단면
사시도이다.
[24] 도 5는본발명의 일실시예에 따른수증기 압력변화저감부재를설명하기
위한단면도이다.
[25] 도 6은본발명의실시예에따른연료전지시스템을설명하기위한도면이다.
[26] 도 %및도개는평면튜브형 기화관및벨로즈형기화관을각각적용한수증기 발생장치들에 대해측정된압력변화를나타내는그래프들이다.
발명의실시를위한형태
[27] 이하,첨부한도면을참조하여본발명의실시예에 대해상세히 설명한다.본 발명은다양한변경을가할수있고여러 가지 형태를가질수있는바,특정실시 예들을도면에 예시하고본문에상세하게설명하고자한다.그러나이는본 발명을특정한개시 형태에 대해 한정하려는것이 아니며,본발명의사상및 기술범위에포함되는모든변경,균등물내지 대체물을포함하는것으로 이해되어야한다.각도면을설명하면서유사한참조부호를유사한구성요소에 대해사용하였다.첨부된도면에 있어서,구조물들의치수는본발명의 명확성을 기하기 위하여실제보다확대하여도시한것이다.
[28] 제 1,제 2등의용어는다양한구성요소들을설명하는데사용될수있지만,상기 구성요소들은상기용어들에 의해한정되어서는안된다.상기용어들은하나의 구성요소를다른구성요소로부터구별하는목적으로만사용된다.예를들어,본 발명의 권리범위를벗어나지 않으면서 제 1구성요소는제 2구성요소로명명될 수있고,유사하게제 2구성요소도제 1구성요소로명명될수있다.
[29] 본출원에서사용한용어는단지특정한실시 예를설명하기위해사용된
것으로서본발명을한정하려는의도가아니다.단수의표현은문맥상명백하게 다르게뜻하지 않는한,복수의표현을포함한다.본출원에서, "포함하다”또는 "가지다”등의용어는명세서상에 기재된특징,단계,동작,구성요소,부분품 또는이들을조합한것이존재함을지정하려는것이지 ,하나또는그이상의 다른특징들이나단계,동작,구성요소,부분품또는이들을조합한것들의존재 또는부가가능성을미리 배제하지 않는것으로이해되어야한다.
[3이 다르게정의되지 않는한,기술적이거나과학적인용어를포함해서 여기서
사용되는모든용어들은본발명이속하는기술분야에서통상의지식을가진 자에 의해 일반적으로이해되는것과동일한의미를가지고있다.일반적으로 사용되는사전에정의되어 있는것과같은용어들은관련기술의문맥상가지는 의미와일치하는의미를가지는것으로해석되어야하며,본출원에서 명백하게 2020/175930 1»（：1/10公020/002803 정의하지 않는한,이상적이거나과도하게형식적인의미로해석되지 않는다.
<수증기발생장치 (Steam Generator) ñ
도 1은본발명의실시예에따른수증기발생장치를설명하기위한단면도이고, 도 2및도 3은도 1에도시된내부케이지 및외부케이지의 일실시예들을각각 설명하기 위한사시도들이며,도 4는도 1에도시된제 1및제 2기화관의 일 실시예를설명하기위한단면사시도이다.그리고도 5는본발명의 일실시예에 따른수증기 압력변화저감부재를설명하기위한단면도이다.
34] 도 1내지도 5를참조하면,본발명의실시예에 따른수증기 발생장치 (100)는 메탄 (CH 4),에탄 2H 6),프로판 (C 3H 8),부탄 (C 4H 10),천연가스 (natural gas), 석탄가스 (coal gas)등화학적으로수소를함유하는탄화수소연료로부터 연료 전지의 반응에필요한수소를생성하는연료개질장치 (도 6의 1200)에수증기를 제공할수있다.일실시예로,상기탄화수소연료로서 메탄 (CH 4)이 공급되는 경우,상기 연료개질장치 (1200)는하기반응식 1에따라상기 메탄과상기 수증기 발생장치 (loo및도 6의 noo)로부터 공급된수증기를반응시켜상기 수소를생성할수있다.
[반응식 1]
BCU : I \li -J. > * ) S/T2 - f (乂 i 2
[37] 이러한반응과함께상기 연료개질장치 (도 6의 1200)내부에서의반응온도및 수증기와탄소성분의 비에따라하기반응식 2와같은탄소 (C)를생성하는 부반응이 일어날수있고,이와같이 생성된탄소가연료전지스택 (도 6의
1300)에 공급되는경우연료전지의 연료극을훼손하여 연료전지의성능을 급격하게 저하시킬수있다.따라서 이러한탄소생성부반응을억제하기
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
29035681 위해서는상기 연료개질장치에수증기를안정적으로공급하여야한다.
4 4333333321
[반응식 2]
zco c+ coz
본발명의실시예에따른상기수증기 발생장치 (100)는챔버 (110),공간구획 부재 (120),제 1기화관 (130),제 2기화관 (140),내부케이지 (150),외부케이지 (160) 및가열장치 (미도시)를포함할수있다.
[41 상기 챔버 (no)는내부공간 (10, 20)을구비할수있고,상기 공간구획
부재 (120)는상기 챔버 (no)내부에 배치되어상기 챔버 (no)의 내부공간 (io,
20)을 2개의공간,즉,수증기 배출공간 (10)과가열공간 (20)으로분할할수있다. 그리고상기 챔버 (110)중상기수증기 배출공간 (10)을형성하는부분에는 수증기가배출되는수증기 배출구 (111)가형성될수있고,이러한수증기 배출구 (111)는상기 연료개질장치 (도 6의 1200)에 연결될수있다.
상기 챔버 (110)와상기 공간구획부재 (120)는고온에서 안정한재질로형성될 수있다.예를들면,상기 챔버 (110)및상기 공간구획부재 (120)는서로 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803 독립적으로고온에서 안정한금속,합금,세라믹，금속복합체，금속과세라믹의 복합체등의 재질로형성될수있다.한편,상기 챔버 ( 0)와상기 공간구획 부재 (120)는서로동일한재질로형성될수도있고,서로다른재질로형성될 수도있다.
[43] 일실시예에 있어서,상기수증기 배출공간 (10)은상기수증기 배출구 (111)와 직접 연결되는제 1공간 (10幻및상기 제 1공간 (10幻의하부에 위치하고수증기로 변화하지 않았거나수증기가냉각되어발생된물이 일시적으로저장되는제 2 공간 (10비을포함할수있고,상기 제 2공간 (10비에 저장된물은상기가열 공간 (20)에공급된열에너지에의해수증기로변환될수있다.상기 제 2 공간 (10비에 저장된물에상기 가열공간 (20)에 제공된열에너지를효과적으로 공급하기 위하여,상기제 2공간 (1아5)은상부측이상기 제 1공간 (10幻과연결되고 측부및/또는바닥부가상기가열공간 (20)에의해둘러싸이도록형성될수있다. 이와같이,상기물을수용할수있고상기 가열공간 (20)으로부터 열에너지를 효과적으로제공받을수있다면상기 제 2공간 (101))의 형상은특별히제한되지 않는다.예를들면,상기제 2공간 (1아5)은상기가열공간 (20)에의해측부가 둘러싸인원기둥,사각기둥,원뿔,사각뿔등의 형상을가질수있다.
[44] 일실시예에 있어서 ,상기제 1공간 (10)및제 2공간 (20)을형성하기 위하여 , 상기 공간구획부재 (120)는제 1구획부 (121)및제 2구획부 (122)를포함할수 있다.상기 제 1구획부 (121)는가운데부분에 형성된소정 형상의 개구부를 구비하고,상기 챔버 (110)의측벽에결합되며,상기 제 1공간 (10幻과상기가열 공간 (20)을구획할수있다.상기 제 2구획부 (122)는상기제 1구획부 (121)의 개구부로부터하부로연장되어상기제 2공간 (101))을형성하고,상기제 2 공간 (10비과상기 가열공간 (20)을구획할수있다.
[45] 일실시예에 있어서,상기공간구획부재 (120)는상기 제 2구획부 (122)의
표면으로부터상기제 1기화관 (130)방향으로돌출되는복수의제 1가이드 돌기부 (123)를포함할수있다.상기 제 1가이드돌기부 (123)는상기 제 1 기화관 (130)의하부를지지하여상기 제 1기화관 (130)의 결합위치를가이드할 수있다.
[46] 상기제 1기화관 (130)은상기가열공간 (20)내부에서상기제 2공간 (101))을
둘러싸는코일형태로배치될수있다.상기제 1기화관 (130)은상기 챔버 ( 0) 외부에서 외부의물공급장치 (미도시)에 연결되는제 1단부및상기수증기 배출 공간 (10)내에 위치하는제 2단부를구비하고,상기 가열공간 (20)을상기와같은 형태로경유하여상기수증기 배출공간 (10)까지 연장되도록배치될수있다.
[47] 상기제 2기화관 (140)은상기제 1기화관 (130)의외부를둘러싸는코일형태로 배치될수있다.상기 제 2기화관 (140)은상기 챔버 ( 0)외부에서상기물공급 장치에 연결되는제 3단부및상기수증기 배출공간 (10)내에 위치하는제 2 단부를구비하고,상기가열공간 (20)을상기와같은형태로경유하여상기 수증기 배출공간 (10)까지 연장되도록배치될수있다. 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803
[48] 상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)을상기와같이 설치하는경우,상기 외부의물 공급장치로부터상기 제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)에공급된물은상기 가열 공간 (20)을이동하면서수증기로변환되고,변환된수증기는상기수증기 배출 공간 (10)내에 배출될수있다.그리고상기 제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)으로부터 상기수증기 배출공간 (10)내에 배출된수증기는상기수증기 배출구 (111)를 통해상기 연료개질장치 (도 6의 1200)로공급될수있다.또한,본발명에서와 같이 단일기화관이 아니라 2개 이상의기화관을적용하는경우,기화관의 직경을감소시킬수있어서수증기 변환효율을현저하게향상시킬수있다.
[49] 일실시예에 있어서 ,상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)각각은도 4에도시된 바와같이내부면에주름이 형성된벨로즈형 튜브를포함할수 있다.이와같이상기 제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)이 벨로즈형 (bellows type) 튜브로형성된경우,상기 제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)의내부주름에의한 표면적증가로인하여물을보다고효율로수증기로변환시킬수있을뿐만 아니라상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)으로부터 배출되는수증기의 압력 변화를감소시킬수있다.
[5이 상기내부케이지 (150)는상기제 1기화관 (130)과상기 제 2기화관 (140)사이에 배치되고,상기 제 1기화관 (130)을상기 제 2공간 (101))을형성하는상기 공간 구획부재 (120)의 제 2구획부 (122)방향으로가압하여 이를고정할수있을뿐만 아니라상기제 2기화관 (140)을지지할수있다.
[51] 일실시예에 있어서,도 2에도시된바와같이,상기내부케이지 (150)는제 1 상부테두리부 (151),제 1하부테두리부 (152),복수의 제 1연결부 (154)및복수의 제 2가이드돌기부 (155)를포함할수있다.
[52] 상기제 1상부테두리부 (151)및상기제 1하부테두리부 (152)는각각일정한 폭을갖는원형고리 형상을가질수있고,상기제 1기화관 (130)을둘러싸면서 이를가압하도록배치될수있다.상기 제 1하부테두리부 (152)는상기제 1상부 테두리부 (151)의하부에 배치될수있고,상기제 1상부테두리부 (151)와동일한 직경을가질수있다.
[53] 상기복수의 제 1연결부 (154)는상기 제 1상부테두리부 (151)및상기제 1하부 테두리부 (152)를연결하고,서로이격되게배치되며 ,상기 제 1상부
테두리부 (151)및상기제 1하부테두리부 (152)와함께상기 제 1기화관 (130)을 가압할수있다.
[54] 상기복수의 제 2가이드돌기부 (155)는상기복수의 제 1연결부 (154)
각각으로부터 외부방향,즉,상기 외부케이지 (160)방향으로돌출되고,상기제 2 기화관 (140)을지지할수있다.상기복수의제 2가이드돌기부 (155)의 이격간격 및돌출길이는상기제 2기화관 (140)의 직경에따라적절하게조절될수있다.
[55] 상기외부케이지 (160)는상기제 2기화관 (140)을둘러싸도록배치되고,상기 제 2기화관 (140)을상기제 1기화관 (130)방향으로가압하여 이를고정할수 있다. 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803
[56] 일실시예에있어서,도 3에도시된바와같이,상기외부케이지 (160)는제 2 상부테두리부 (161),제 2하부테두리부 (162),중간테두리부 (163)및복수의제 2 연결부 (164)를포함할수있다.
[57] 상기제 2상부테두리부 (161),상기제 2하부테두리부 (162)및상기중간
테두리부 (163)는각각일정한폭을갖는원형고리형상을가질수있고,상기제 2 기화관 (140)을둘러싸면서이를가압하도록배치될수있다.상기제 2하부 테두리부 (162)는상기제 2상부테두리부 (161)하부에배치되고,상기중간 테두리부 (163)는상기제 2상부테두리부 (161)와상기제 2하부테두리부 (162) 사이에배치될수있으며,이들은모두동일한직경을가질수있다.
[58] 상기복수의제 2연결부 (164)는상기제 2상부테두리부 (161),상기제 2하부 테두리부 (162)및중간테두리부 (163)를연결할수있고,이들과함께상기제 2 기화관 (140)을상기제 1기화관 (130)방향으로가압할수있다.
[59] 상기가열장치 (미도시)는상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)을이동하는물을 수증기로변환하기위하여상기가열공간 (20)에열에너지를공급할수있다.
[6이 일실시예에있어서,상기가열장치는상기가열공간에고온가스가공급하는 고온가스공급장치 (도 6의 1400참조)를포함할수있다.이경우,상기챔버 (110) 중상기가열공간 (20)을형성하는부분에는상기고온가스공급장치로부터고온 가스가주입되는가스공급구 (112 및상기가열공간 (20)으로부터고온가스가 배출되는가스배출구 (112비가형성될수있다.상기가열공간 (20)의온도를 상승시킬수있다면,상기고온가스는특별히제한되지않는다.일예로,상기 고온가스로는연료전지스택 (도 2의 1300)에서배출된가스를사용할수있다. 즉,상기가열장치는상기연료전지스택에서배출된가스를연소기 (도 2의 1400) 등을이용하여연소시킨후송풍기등을통해연소된고온가스를상기가열 공간 (20)에공급할수있다.
[61] 다른실시예에있어서,상기가열장치는상기가열공간 (20)을형성하는상기 챔버 (110)의측벽에설치된전열히터 (미도시)등을포함할수있다.
[62] 한편,일실시예에있어서,본발명의실시예에따른수증기발생장치 (100)는 상기챔버 (110)중상기제 2공간 (1아5)의하부에결합되어상기챔버 (110)내부의 온도를측정하는온도센서 (170)를더포함할수있다.
[63] 한편,일실시예에있어서,도 5에도시된바와같이,본발명의실시예에따른 수증기발생장치 (100)는상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)각각의내부에 배치되어,상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)으로부터배출되는수증기의 압력변화를저감시키는수증기압력변화저감부재 (180)를더포함할수있다.
[64] 상기수증기압력변화저감부재 (180)는상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)중 수증기가배출되는단부에인접하게배치될수있고,수증기가통과할수있는 다공성구조를가질수있다.예를들면,상기수증기압력변화저감부재 (180)는 상기제 1및제 2기화관 (130, 140)내부에삽입배치된메쉬구조체또는발포 구조체를포함할수있다.이러한수증기압력변화저감부재 (180)는 라이덴프로스트효과 (LeidenFrost effect)로인한수증기의압력변화현상을 억제시킬수있다.
[65] 한편,일실시예에 있어서,본발명의실시예에따른수증기발생장치 (100)는 상기제 2공간 (10b)내에배치되어상기제 2공간 (10b)에존재하는액체물을 감지할수있는물감지기 (미도시)를더포함할수있다.상기고온가스의온도 감소나가열장치의고장등과같은이상상황의발생으로상기기화관 (130)에서 액체물이수증기로변환되지않고상기제 2공간 (10b)에저장되는등과같이 상기연료개질장치 (도 2의 1200)에수증기가공급되지않는경우,앞에서 설명한바와같이연료전지의연료극을훼손시키는탄소가다량으로생성될수 있다.상기물감지기는상기제 2공간 (10b)에존재하는액체물을감지함으로써 상기와같은이상상황의발생을조기에알려줄수있으므로,연료전지시스템의 안정성을현저하게향상시킬수있다.상기제 2공간 (10b)에존재하는액체물을 감지할수있다면,상기물감지기 (150)의구성은특별히제한되지않는다.
[66] 본발명의수증기발생장치에따르면,상기제 1및제 2기화관을상기연료
개질장치에직접연결하지않고상기챔버 (no)의수증기배출공간 (10)을 통하여상기연료개질장치 (도 6의 1200)에연결하므로,상기연료개질장치에 보다균일하게수증기를공급할수있다.종래의수증기발생장치에서는, 일반적으로외부의물공급장치 (미도시)는펌프장치를이용하여물을기화관에 공급하고상기기화관을상기연료개질장치에직접연결한다.이경우,상기 펌프장치의맥동에의해상기연료개질장치에공급되는수증기또한상기 펌프장치의맥동에따라불균일하게공급된다.하지만,본발명에서와같이 상기제 1및제 2기화관을상기챔버의수증기배출공간을통하여상기연료 개질장치에연결하는경우,상기수증기배출공간이상기펌프장치의맥동을 완화시킬수있다.
[67] 그리고상기제 1및제 2기화관으로벨로즈형튜브를적용하는경우,수증기 발생효율을향상시킬수있을뿐만아니라상기연료개질장치에공급되는 수증기의압력변화를더욱감소시킬수있다.나아가상기제 1및제 2기화관 내에수증기압력변화저감부재를배치시키는경우,상기연료개질장치에 공급되는수증기의압력변화를추가적으로감소시킬수있다.
[68] 한편,본발명의수증기발생장치에따르면,내부케이지및외부케이지를
통해제 1및제 2기화관을고정할수있으므로,상기수증기발생장치의구조적 안정성을향상시킬수있을뿐만아니라적용되는기화관의직경을감소시킬수 있고,이로인해물의기화효율을더욱향상시킬수있다.
[69]
P이 ＜연료전지시스템 (Fuel Cell System) ñ
PI] 도 6은본발명의실시예에따른연료전지시스템을설명하기위한도면이다.
2] 도 6을참조하면,본발명의실시예에따른연료전지시스템 (1000)은수증기 발생장치 (noo),연료개질장치 (1200)및연료전지스택 (1300)을포함할수있다. 2020/175930 1»（：1/10公020/002803 상기수증기 발생장치 (1100)는외부물공급장치 (미도시)로부터 액체물을 공급받아이를수증기로변환후상기 연료개질장치 (1200)로공급한다.상기 수증기 발생장치 (1100)로는도 1을참조하여설명한수증기발생장치 (100)가 적용될수있으므로이에 대한중복된상세한설명은생략한다.
[74] 상기 연료개질장치 (1200)는외부연료공급장치 (미도시)로부터공급된
탄화수소연료및상기수증기 발생장치 ( 00)로부터 공급된수증기를반응시켜 수소를포함하는연료가스를생성할수있다.이러한연료개질장치 (1200)로는 공지의또는앞으로개발될연료개질장치가제한없이 적용될수있으므로, 이에 대한상세한설명은생략한다.
상기 연료전지스택 (1300)은상기 연료개질장치 (1200)로부터 제공된 연료가스의수소및외부공기 공급장치 (미도시)로부터제공된공기의산소를 이용하여 전기를생성할수있다.이러한연료전지스택 (1300)으로는
고체산화물형 연료전지스택,고체고분자형 연료전지스택,인산형 연료전지 스택,용융탄산염형 연료전지스택등이제한없이 적용될수있다.
[76] 한편,본발명의실시예에따른연료전지시스템 (1000)에 있어서,상기수증기 발생장치 (1100)의 가열장치는도 6에도시된바와같은연소기 (1400)를포함할 수있다.
상기 연소기 (1400)는상기 연료전지스택 (1300)에서 배출된가스를연소시켜 이를상기수증기 발생장치 (1100)의가열공간 (20)에고온가스로공급할수 있다.또한,상기 연소기 (1400)는상기 연료개질장치 (1200)에상기탄화수소 연료와상기수증기의 반응에필요한열에너지를공급할수있다.이러한 연소기 (1400)로는공지의 연소장치가제한없이 적용될수있다.
[78]
]] 도 %및도개는평면튜브형 기화관및벨로즈형기화관을각각적용한수증기 21
7 78879 7 7351 발생장치들에 대해측정된압력변화를나타내는그래프들이다.
80] 도 %및도개를참조하면,평면튜브형 기화관을적용한수증기
발생장치에서는최대압력이 5.2 1 ¾로측정되었고,벨로즈형 기화관을적용한 수증기 발생장치에서는최대 압력이 3.7 1 ¾로측정되었다.즉,벨로즈형 기화관을적용한수증기 발생장치가평면튜브형기화관을적용한수증기 발생장치에 비해최대 압력이 약 1.5 1 ¾감소한것으로나타났다. 상기에서는본발명의바람직한실시예를참조하여 설명하였지만,해당기술 분야의숙련된당업자는하기의특허 청구범위에 기재된본발명의사상및 영역으로부터 벗어나지 않는범위내에서본발명을다양하게수정 및변경시킬 수있음을이해할수있을것이다.
83； ［부호의 설명］
84； 100, 1100:수증기 발생장치 110:챔버
85 120:공간구획부재 130:제 1기화관 2020/175930 1»（：1/10公020/002803
[86] 140:제 2기화관 150:내부케이지
[87] 160:외부케이지 1000:연료전지시스템
[88] 1200:연료개질장치 1300:연료전지스택

Claims

2020/175930 1»（：1/10公020/002803 청구범위
[청구항 1] 내부공간을구비하는챔버 ;
상기챔버의측벽에결합되고가운데부분에형성된개구부를구비하는 제 1구획부및상기개구부로부터하부로연장된제 2구획부를포함하고, 상기내부공간을수증기배출공간과가열공간으로분할하는공간구획 부재 ;
상기가열공간내에서상기제 2구획부를둘러싸는코일형태로 배치되고,상기챔버외부에배치된물공급장치에연결된제 1단부및 상기수증기배출공간에위치하는제 2단부를구비하는제 1기화관; 상기가열공간내에서상기제 1기화관을둘러싸는코일형태로 배치되고,상기물공급장치에연결된제 3단부및상기수증기배출 공간에위치하는제 4단부를구비하는제 2기화관;
상기제 1기화관과상기제 2기화관사이에배치되고,상기제 1기화관을 상기제 2구획부방향으로가압하는내부케이지;및
상기제 2기화관을둘러싸도록배치되고,상기제 2기화관을상기제 1 기화관방향으로가압하는외부케이지를포함하는,수증기발생장치.
[청구항 2] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기제 1기화관또는상기제 2기화관은벨로즈형튜브로형성된것을 특징으로하는,수증기발생장치 .
[청구항 3] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기제 1기화관또는상기제 2기화관내부에배치되고,수증기가통과할 수있는다공성구조를가지는수증기압력변화저감부재를더포함하는 것을특징으로하는,수증기발생장치 .
[청구항 4] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기공간구획부재는상기제 2구획부의표면으로부터돌출되어상기 제 1기화관을지지하는복수의제 1가이드돌기부를더포함하는것을 특징으로하는,수증기발생장치 .
[청구항 5] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기내부케이지는,
제 1직경의원형고리형상을갖고상기제 1기화관을둘러싸도록배치된 제 1상부테두리부;
상기제 1직경의원형고리형상을갖고,상기제 1상부테두리부의 하부에배치되며 ,상기제 1기화관을둘러싸도록배치된제 1하부 테두리부;
상기제 1상부테두리부와상기제 1하부테두리부를연결하고,서로 이격되게배치되며 ,상기제 1상부테두리부및상기제 1하부테두리부와 함께상기제 1기화관을가압하는복수의제 1연결부;및 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803 상기제 1연결부로부터돌출되어상기제 2기화관을지지하는복수의제 2 가이드돌기부를포함하는것을특징으로하는,수증기발생장치 .
[청구항 6] 제 4항에 있어서,
상기외부케이지는,
제 2직경의원형고리형상을갖고,상기제 2기화관을둘러싸도록배치된 제 2상부테두리부;
상기제 2직경의원형고리형상을갖고,상기제 2기화관을둘러싸도록 배치되며,상기제 2상부테두리부의하부에배치된제 2하부테두리부; 및
상기제 2상부테두리부와상기제 2하부테두리부를연결하고,서로 이격되게배치되며 ,상기제 2상부테두리부및상기제 2하부테두리부와 함께상기제 2기화관을가압하는복수의제 2연결부를포함하는것을 특징으로하는,수증기발생장치 .
[청구항 7] 제 6항에 있어서,
상기외부케이지는상기제 2직경의원형고리형상을갖고,상기제 2 기화관을둘러싸도록배치되며 ,상기제 2상부테두리부와상기제 2하부 테두리부사이에배치되며상기제 2연결부에의해상기제 2상부 테두리부와상기제 2하부테두리부에결합되는중간테두리부를더 포함하는것을특징으로하는,수증기발생장치.
[청구항 8] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기제 2구획부에의해형성되는제 2공간에대응되는상기챔버의 외면에결합되어상기챔버내부의온도를측정하는온도센서를더 포함하는것을특징으로하는,수증기발생장치.
[청구항 9] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기제 2구획부에의해형성되는제 2공간내에배치되어상기제 2 공간에존재하는액체물을감지하는물감지기를더포함하는것을 특징으로하는수증기발생장치 .
[청구항 10] 물공급장치로부터제공된액체물을수증기로변환하는수증기발생 장치;
상기수증기발생장치로부터제공받은수증기및탄화수소연료를 반응시켜수소를포함하는연료가스를생성하는연료개질장치 ;및 상기연료개질장치로부터제공된상기연료가스및외부공기공급 장치로부터제공된공기를이용하여전기를생성하는연료전지스택을 포함하고,
상기수증기발생장치는,
내부공간을구비하는챔버;
상기챔버의측벽에결합되고가운데부분에형성된개구부를구비하는 제 1구획부및상기개구부로부터하부로연장된제 2구획부를포함하고, 2020/175930 1»（：1^1{2020/002803 상기내부공간을수증기배출공간과가열공간으로분할하는공간구획 부재 ;
상기가열공간내에서상기제 2구획부를둘러싸는코일형태로 배치되고,상기챔버외부에배치된물공급장치에연결된제 1단부및 상기수증기배출공간에위치하는제 2단부를구비하는제 1기화관; 상기가열공간내에서상기제 1기화관을둘러싸는코일형태로 배치되고,상기물공급장치에연결된제 3단부및상기수증기배출 공간에위치하는제 4단부를구비하는제 2기화관;
상기제 1기화관과상기제 2기화관사이에배치되고,상기제 1기화관을 상기제 2구획부방향으로가압하는내부케이지;및
상기제 2기화관을둘러싸도록배치되고,상기제 2기화관을상기제 1 기화관방향으로가압하는외부케이지를포함하며 ,
상기챔버는상기수증기배출공간을상기연료개질장치에연결하는 수증기배출구를구비하는것을특징으로하는,연료전지시스템.
[청구항 11] 제 항에있어서,
상기수증기발생장치는상기연료전지스택에서배출된가스를 연소시켜이를상기가열공간에공급하는연소기를더포함하는것을 특징으로하는,연료전지시스템.
PCT/KR2020/002803 2019-02-27 2020-02-27 수증기 발생 장치 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 시스템 Ceased WO2020175930A1 (ko)

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