WO2020177606A1 - 电池包 - Google Patents

电池包 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020177606A1
WO2020177606A1 PCT/CN2020/076918 CN2020076918W WO2020177606A1 WO 2020177606 A1 WO2020177606 A1 WO 2020177606A1 CN 2020076918 W CN2020076918 W CN 2020076918W WO 2020177606 A1 WO2020177606 A1 WO 2020177606A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulation layer
battery
battery pack
longitudinal beam
thermal insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/076918
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜胜利
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aiways Automobile Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Aiways Automobile Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201920274476.2U external-priority patent/CN209249493U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910163154.5A external-priority patent/CN109873093A/zh
Application filed by Aiways Automobile Co Ltd filed Critical Aiways Automobile Co Ltd
Priority to EP20766615.7A priority Critical patent/EP3937295A4/en
Publication of WO2020177606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020177606A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of battery packs, in particular to a battery pack that realizes the heat preservation function.
  • the large temperature difference of lithium-ion power battery will directly cause some defects: (1) Inconsistent battery attenuation, and even accelerate battery aging; (2) The error of battery state estimation is large, and even the vehicle cannot be driven; (3) Lower battery pack Cooling/heating efficiency, prolonging the pre-cooling/pre-heating time, increasing energy consumption, and even making the vehicle unable to drive, in severe cases, there will be risks such as fire and explosion.
  • Too low battery temperature will reduce available battery capacity and battery available power.
  • the battery pack needs to be equipped with an insulation structure.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery pack with a heat preservation box structure, which can improve the heat preservation effect of the battery pack and reduce the heat preservation cost by adding a heat preservation layer.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a battery pack, which includes:
  • the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array
  • the battery pack box includes a plurality of transverse beams and a plurality of longitudinal beams, the plurality of transverse beams and the plurality of longitudinal beams define a plurality of module accommodating spaces, and the battery module is placed in the module accommodating space; as well as
  • the lower cover thermal insulation layer is arranged on the side of the battery pack box away from the battery module, and the projection of the lower cover thermal insulation layer on the plane where the battery module is located covers at least the parts distributed on the battery module The outermost battery cell on the four sides.
  • the lower cover insulation layer is an annular insulation layer, and the projection of the lower cover insulation layer on the plane where the battery module is located covers the outermost battery cells distributed on the four sides of the battery module.
  • the battery pack box further includes an accessory accommodating space for accommodating a battery management system and a high-voltage electrical box, and the accessory accommodating space is provided in the module accommodating space On the first side, the projection of the first side of the lower cover thermal insulation layer on the plane where the battery module is located covers the accessory accommodating space and the battery cell closest to the accessory accommodating space in the battery module .
  • the longitudinal beam includes a first longitudinal beam and a second longitudinal beam
  • the transverse beam includes a first transverse beam, a second transverse beam, and a third transverse beam located on the first side of the battery pack box and arranged in sequence
  • the first beam, the second beam and the longitudinal beam define the accessory accommodating space
  • the second beam, the third beam and the longitudinal beam define the first module accommodating space.
  • the second beam is provided with a beam insulation layer, the beam insulation layer is provided close to one side of the second beam, or the beam insulation layer is provided close to both sides of the second beam.
  • the height of the thermal insulation layer of the beam is higher than the height of the second beam and extends to contact with the upper cover of the battery pack, and at least one wiring groove and/or at least One wiring hole.
  • the longitudinal beam is provided with an inner side insulation layer of the longitudinal beam at a position corresponding to the accessory accommodating space and the first module accommodating space, and the inner side insulation layer of the longitudinal beam is close to the corresponding Set on the inner side of the longitudinal beam;
  • the length of the thermal insulation layer on the inner side of the longitudinal beam is substantially equal to the distance between the first beam and the third beam.
  • the thermal insulation layer of the cross beam and the thermal insulation layer of the inner side of the longitudinal beam are integrally arranged.
  • the longitudinal beam includes a hollow inner cavity, a longitudinal beam inner cavity insulation layer is provided at a position corresponding to the first module accommodating space, and the longitudinal beam inner cavity The thermal insulation layer is arranged in the internal cavity of the longitudinal beam.
  • the outer side of the longitudinal beam is provided with a protruding part
  • the protruding part is a fixed end for installing and fixing the battery pack on the vehicle body
  • the protruding part includes a hollow internal cavity
  • the longitudinal beam A longitudinal beam outer cavity insulation layer is arranged at a position corresponding to the first module accommodation space, and the longitudinal beam outer cavity insulation layer is arranged in the inner cavity of the protrusion.
  • an external thermal insulation layer of a longitudinal beam is provided on the outside of the protruding portion, and the external thermal insulation layer of the longitudinal beam partially covers the outer surface of the protruding portion and the outer side surface of the longitudinal beam;
  • the length of the external insulation layer of the longitudinal beam is substantially equal to the distance between the first beam and the third beam.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack with a heat preservation box structure, which greatly improves the heat preservation effect while reducing the heat preservation cost, and responds to heat insulation at the position of the box body where the battery modules that are greatly affected by the ambient temperature are located, so as to minimize Using thermal insulation materials as the premise, the focus is on improving battery modules with poor thermal insulation performance, so as to achieve heat preservation and uniform temperature, simple structure, strong practicability, and little increased material cost. At the same time, it can be used in combination with the battery pack heat preservation box structure that has the function of heat preservation and temperature uniformity, which can achieve better heat preservation and temperature uniformity effect without increasing structural complexity and material cost.
  • the battery pack 1 used in the simulation comparison in the specific embodiment is a battery pack with a heat preservation box structure that has the function of heat preservation and uniform temperature
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of each battery cell in the battery module
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of heat exchange between the battery module and the environment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of each accommodation space according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6 to 8 are schematic diagrams of three different shapes of the lower cover insulation layer of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of adding an insulation layer at the second beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an integrated beam insulation layer and a longitudinal beam inner side insulation layer of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cooling curve diagram of the battery pack structure in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 13 is a graph showing a temperature drop of a battery pack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms, and should not be construed as being limited to the examples set forth herein; on the contrary, the provision of these embodiments makes the present disclosure more comprehensive and complete, and fully conveys the concept of the example embodiments To those skilled in the art.
  • the described features, structures or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable way.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery pack, the battery pack includes: a battery module, including a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array; a battery pack box, including a plurality of beams and a plurality of A longitudinal beam, the plurality of transverse beams and the plurality of longitudinal beams define a plurality of module accommodating spaces, the battery module is placed in the module accommodating space; and the lower cover insulation layer is arranged on the battery pack
  • the side of the box body facing away from the battery module, and the projection of the lower cover insulation layer on the plane where the battery module is located at least covers the outermost battery cells distributed on the four sides of the battery module.
  • the present invention combines the structure of the battery pack to design the heat preservation structure, which improves the heat preservation effect while reducing the heat preservation cost, and copes with the batteries that are greatly affected by the environmental temperature.
  • the box body position where the module is located is insulated.
  • the premise is to use as little insulation material as possible, mainly to improve the battery module with poor insulation performance, and the increased material cost is small.
  • the battery pack includes an upper cover 1, a battery module 21, a thermal conductive layer 3, a battery pack case 4, a liquid cooling assembly 5 and a lower cover 6.
  • the battery pack box 4 includes a plurality of transverse beams 41 and a plurality of longitudinal beams 42.
  • the plurality of transverse beams 41 and the plurality of longitudinal beams 42 define a plurality of module housing spaces 48, and the battery modules 21 are placed in the module housing spaces 48 .
  • the projection of the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 6 on the plane where the battery module 21 is located covers the battery module 21.
  • the liquid cooling component 5 can cool the battery module 21 through the circulating liquid, and the battery module 21 exchanges heat with the liquid cooling component 5 through the thermal conductive layer 3 and the isolation plates distributed on the bottom surface of each module accommodating space 48.
  • each battery cell is arranged in an array of multiple rows and multiple columns.
  • the leftmost column of battery cells (battery cells 1-1, 2-1, 3-1, etc.), that is, the first column of battery cells is the outermost battery cell on the first side.
  • a row of battery cells (battery cells 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, etc.) means that the first row of battery cells is the outermost battery cell on the second side, and the top row of battery cells is the last battery cell on the third side.
  • the battery cells on the outermost side, the rightmost row of battery cells are the outermost battery cells on the fourth side.
  • the battery unit can refer to a single battery cell, or it can refer to a small battery unit formed by a group of several battery cells.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of heat exchange between the battery module in the battery pack and the environment. There is convection between the battery modules, and between the battery modules and the air. There is solid heat conduction between the battery modules and the box, and there is convection between the box and the environment and the air.
  • the modules in the battery pack that are most susceptible to environmental impact are the battery cells on the outermost sides of the four sides, that is, the battery cells in the first column, the last column, the first row, and the last row in Figure 2.
  • the front side of the first row of battery cells is also provided with battery accessories 22, resulting in that the effective heat dissipation area of the box shared by the first row of battery cells is larger than the box shared by the last row of battery modules Effective heat dissipation area.
  • the battery accessory 22 refers to other important components in the battery pack except the battery module 21 itself, such as a battery management system, a high-voltage electrical box, and so on. therefore:
  • the battery cells in the first row are affected by the environment> the battery cells in the last row are affected by the environment> the battery cells in the other rows are affected by the environment;
  • the present invention should heat the position of the box body where the battery unit that is greatly affected by the environment is located.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a lower cover insulation layer 7 is added below the lower cover 6, and the projection of the lower cover insulation layer 7 on the plane where the battery module 21 is located covers at least the outermost batteries distributed on the four sides of the battery module 21 unit.
  • the lower cover thermal insulation layer 7 is an annular thermal insulation layer, and the projection of the lower cover thermal insulation layer 7 on the plane where the battery module 21 is located covers the four sides of the battery module 21
  • the outermost battery cells namely the first row of battery cells, the second row of battery cells, the first row of battery cells, and the second row of battery cells.
  • the battery pack case 4 further includes an accessory accommodating space 49 for accommodating the battery accessory 22, and the accessory accommodating space 49 is provided in the module container.
  • the projection of the first side of the lower cover insulation layer 7 on the plane where the battery module is located covers the accessory accommodating space 49 and the battery module 21 closest to the The battery cells in the accessory accommodating space 49, that is, in the perspective of FIG. 4, the left side of the lower cover insulation layer 7 covers the accessory accommodating space 49 and the first row of battery cells.
  • the longitudinal beam 42 includes a first longitudinal beam 421 and a second longitudinal beam 422, and the transverse beam 41 includes a first transverse beam 411 and a second longitudinal beam 411 and a second longitudinal beam arranged in sequence on the first side of the battery pack box.
  • Two beams 412 and a third beam 413, the first beam 411, the second beam 412 and the longitudinal beam 42 define the accessory accommodating space 49, the second beam 412, the third beam 413 and the longitudinal beam
  • the beam 42 defines the first module accommodation space 481.
  • the number of beams 41 can be selected and adjusted as required. For example, in this embodiment, it may also include a fourth beam 414, a fifth beam 415, and a sixth beam 416, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the number of the longitudinal beams 42 can also be increased as required to form a multi-row module housing space 48, etc., which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the structure of the lower cover insulation layer 7 can have a variety of shapes, and is not limited to the shape shown in the figure.
  • Figure 8 shows the lower cover 6 of the battery pack and the lower cover insulation layer 7
  • the structure is improved. There is no need to set a lower cover insulation layer under the battery cells in the middle that are less affected by the environment.
  • the shape and size of the lower cover insulation layer 7 can be determined through simulation optimization, and the thickness can be selected to be greater than 2 mm, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the thermal insulation layer 7 of the lower cover can be thermal insulation cotton, such as hard foam foam, to facilitate installation and disassembly.
  • a heat preservation layer is added to the battery cells in the first row to achieve The heat insulation measures for the box body position where the battery cells of the first row are located are stronger than the heat insulation measures for the box body position where the battery modules of the last row are located.
  • the structure of adding a beam insulation layer and a longitudinal beam insulation layer is shown.
  • the first beam 411 is hidden in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • the second cross beam 412 is provided with a cross beam thermal insulation layer 43, and the cross beam thermal insulation layer 43 is disposed close to two sides of the second cross beam 412.
  • the cross beam insulation layer 43 is an inverted U-shaped hollow structure, which is sleeved on the second cross beam 421 from top to bottom in the viewing angle of FIG. 10.
  • the thermal insulation layer 43 of the cross beam can also be arranged close to only one side of the second cross beam 412.
  • the beam insulation layer 43 can also be made of insulation cotton or other materials.
  • the longitudinal beam 42 is provided with a longitudinal beam inner side insulation layer 44 at a position corresponding to the accessory accommodating space 49 and the first module accommodating space 481, and the longitudinal beam inner side insulation layer 44 is close to the corresponding
  • the longitudinal beam 42 is set on the inner side. Since the longitudinal beam 42 in this embodiment includes a first longitudinal beam 421 and a second longitudinal beam 422, there are two corresponding thermal insulation layers 44 on the inner side of the longitudinal beam, which are respectively close to the inner side of the first longitudinal beam 421 and the second longitudinal beam. 422 is set on the inner side.
  • the thermal insulation layer 44 on the inner side of the longitudinal beam may also be thermal insulation cotton or other materials.
  • the length of the thermal insulation layer 44 on the inner side of the longitudinal beam is substantially equal to that of the first beam 411 and the third beam 413. spacing.
  • the thermal insulation layer 43 of the beam and the thermal insulation layer 44 on the inner side of the longitudinal beam may be arranged separately, or may be integrally arranged to form one part.
  • the thermal insulation layer 43 of the cross beam and the thermal insulation layer 44 of the inner side of the longitudinal beam can be made of hard foamed cotton for easy installation and removal.
  • the first longitudinal beam 421 includes a hollow inner cavity, and the first longitudinal beam 421 is provided with a longitudinal beam inner cavity heat preservation at a position corresponding to the first module accommodation space 481 Layer 45, and the longitudinal beam inner cavity insulation layer 45 is disposed in the inner cavity of the first longitudinal beam 421.
  • the second longitudinal beam 422 has a symmetrical structure with the first longitudinal beam 421, that is, the inner cavity of the second longitudinal beam 422 corresponding to the first module accommodation space 481 is also provided with a longitudinal beam cavity Insulation layer 44.
  • the thermal insulation layer 45 of the longitudinal beam inner cavity can be stuffed into the inner cavities of the first longitudinal beam 421 and the second longitudinal beam 422 by using hard foam cotton. In order to facilitate fixing, it can be coated on the surface before being stuffed. Cover glue.
  • the outer side of the first longitudinal beam 421 is provided with a protruding portion 423, the protruding portion 423 is the installation portion when the battery pack is installed on the body of the automobile as a whole, and the protruding portion 423 includes a hollow
  • the first longitudinal beam 421 is provided with a longitudinal beam outer cavity insulation layer 46 at a position corresponding to the first module containing space 481, and the longitudinal beam outer cavity insulation layer 46 is provided in The protrusion 423 is in the internal cavity.
  • the protruding portion 423 is a right-angled triangle structure, and the right side of the protruding portion 423 is attached to the first longitudinal beam 421, and the oblique side of the protruding portion 423 is from the first longitudinal beam 421 to
  • the direction away from the first longitudinal beam 421 is inclined from bottom to top, that is, in the viewing angle shown in FIG. 9, from left to right, the oblique side of the protrusion 423 is inclined from bottom to top.
  • the protrusion 423 can further improve the supporting strength of the first longitudinal beam 421.
  • the second longitudinal beam 422 and the first longitudinal beam 421 have a symmetrical structure, that is, the outer side of the second longitudinal beam 422 is also provided with a protrusion 423, and the structure of the protrusion 423 is similar to the structure of the protrusion 423 of the first longitudinal beam 421
  • the inner cavity where the protrusion 423 is symmetrical and corresponds to the position of the longitudinal beam outer cavity insulation layer 46 is provided with the longitudinal beam outer cavity insulation layer 46.
  • the outer cavity insulation layer 46 of the longitudinal beam can be filled with hard foam cotton into the inner cavity of the protrusion 423 of the first longitudinal beam 421 and the protrusion 423 of the second longitudinal beam 422. Before stuffing, glue can be applied to the surface.
  • the outside of the protrusion 423 is provided with a longitudinal beam external insulation layer 47, and the longitudinal beam external insulation layer 47 partially covers the outer surface of the protrusion 423 and the longitudinal beam 42 The outer side.
  • the longitudinal beam external thermal insulation layer 47 is respectively disposed on the outer side surface of the first longitudinal beam 421 and the outer side surface of the second longitudinal beam 422.
  • the shape of the protrusion 423 may be different.
  • the length of the outer insulation layer 47 of the longitudinal beam is also substantially equal to the distance between the first beam 411 and the third beam 412.
  • the height of the crossbeam insulation layer 43 is higher than the height of the second crossbeam 412 and extends to contact with the upper cover 1 of the battery pack. Since there is a high and low voltage wiring harness across the second beam 412, it is used to connect the battery module 21 and the battery management system (BMS) and the high voltage electrical box in the battery accessory 22. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, at least one wiring slot 431 and/or at least one wiring hole 432 is provided above the crossbeam insulation layer 43, which serves as a reserved wiring harness position.
  • FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 respectively are the cooling curves of the battery pack structure in FIG. 1 (hereinafter referred to as battery pack 1) and the battery pack structure in FIG. 4 (hereinafter referred to as battery pack 2).
  • the battery pack has 96 cells, and the average temperature of the upper surface of each cell is taken as the research object, so there are 96 research objects.
  • the simulation model adopts the natural convection transient model, the battery pack is placed in the air, and the natural convection heat transfer is solved by itself.
  • the initial temperature of the battery pack is 20°C and the ambient temperature is -20°C, and the cooling curves in Figure 12 and Figure 13 are obtained.
  • T_max indicates that there is a maximum value among 96 research objects, that is, the maximum value of the average temperature of the upper surface of the cell
  • T_min indicates that there is a minimum value among the 96 research objects, that is, the minimum value of the average temperature of the upper surface of the cell
  • T_diff T_max- T_min.
  • the battery pack 1 itself is a battery pack adopting the heat preservation box structure in the prior art, but the battery pack 2 of the present invention can provide a better heat preservation effect than the battery pack 1.
  • Table 2 After 4.11 hours of battery pack 1, the temperature distribution of each cell is shown in Table 2 below. Among them, the number corresponds to the number of each battery cell in the battery pack in FIG. 2.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack with a heat preservation box structure, which improves the heat preservation effect and reduces the heat preservation cost, which will achieve a better and cheaper effect. This can also be obtained from the comparison of Figures 12 and 13 and the data in Table 1.
  • the battery pack provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention provides a battery pack with a heat preservation box structure, which greatly improves the heat preservation effect while reducing the heat preservation cost, and should heat the position of the box body where the battery modules that are greatly affected by the environmental temperature are located, so as to minimize Using thermal insulation materials as the premise, the focus is on improving battery modules with poor thermal insulation performance, so as to achieve heat preservation and temperature uniformity, simple structure, strong practicability, and little increased material cost.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池包，所述电池包包括：电池模组，包括多个以阵列形式排布的电池单元；电池包箱体，包括横梁和纵梁，多个横梁和多个纵梁限定多个模组容置空间，靠近配件容置空间的横梁和纵梁位置处增设保温层，配件容置空间中容纳电池管理系统、高压电器盒等；以及下盖保温层，设置于电池包箱体背离电池模组的一侧，下盖保温层在电池模组所在平面上的投影至少覆盖分布于电池模组的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元。本发明提供了一种具有保温箱体结构的电池包，提升保温效果的同时降低保温成本，应对受环境温度影响较大的电池模组所在的箱体位置进行隔热，以尽可能少的使用隔热材料为前提，重点在于改善隔热性能较差的电池模组，以实现保温和均温。

Description

电池包 技术领域
本发明涉及电池包技术领域，尤其涉及一种实现保温功能的电池包。
背景技术
锂离子动力电池的温差较大，会直接引起一些缺陷：(1)电池衰减不一致，甚至引起电池老化加速；(2)电池状态估算误差较大，甚至导致车辆无法行驶；(3)降低电池包冷却/加热效率、延长预冷/预热时间、增加能耗，甚至导致车辆无法行驶，严重情况下会产生着火爆炸等风险。
电池温度过低会减少电池可用容量和电池可用功率。当车辆面向较冷地区销售和使用时，为了延缓低气温对电池可用容量和电池可用功率的影响，电池包需要配置保温结构。
电池温度较高会加速电池的老化。在夏天炎热的环境下，对于配置了液冷系统的电池包的车辆，当车辆下电后，环境会加热电池，导致电池温度甚至高于40℃。
因此，对于动力电池来说，无论是温度过高、温度过低或者是温差过大，都会对动力电池甚至车辆的性能产生很大的不利影响。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种具有保温箱体结构的电池包，通过增加保温层，提高电池包的保温效果，降低保温成本。
本发明实施例提供一种电池包，所述电池包包括：
电池模组，包括多个以阵列形式排布的电池单元；
电池包箱体，包括多个横梁和多个纵梁，所述多个横梁和多个纵梁限定多个模组容置空间，所述电池模组放置于所述模组容置空间中；以及
下盖保温层，设置于所述电池包箱体背离所述电池模组的一侧，所述下盖保温层在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影至少覆盖分布于所述电池 模组的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元。
可选地，所述下盖保温层为环形保温层，所述下盖保温层在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影覆盖分布于所述电池模组的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元。
可选地，所述电池包箱体还包括配件容置空间，所述配件容置空间用于容纳电池管理系统和高压电器盒，所述配件容置空间设置于所述模组容置空间的第一侧，所述下盖保温层的第一侧在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影覆盖所述配件容置空间和所述电池模组中最靠近所述配件容置空间的电池单元。
可选地，所述纵梁包括第一纵梁和第二纵梁，所述横梁包括位于所述电池包箱体的第一侧且依次排列的第一横梁、第二横梁和第三横梁，所述第一横梁、第二横梁和所述纵梁限定所述配件容置空间，所述第二横梁、第三横梁和所述纵梁限定第一模组容置空间。
可选地，所述第二横梁处设置有横梁保温层，所述横梁保温层贴近所述第二横梁的一侧面设置，或所述横梁保温层贴近所述第二横梁的两侧面设置。
可选地，所述横梁保温层的高度高于所述第二横梁的高度，且延伸至与电池包上盖相接触，且所述横梁保温层的上方设置有至少一个接线槽和/或至少一个接线孔。
可选地，所述纵梁对应于所述配件容置空间和所述第一模组容置空间的位置处设置有纵梁内侧面保温层，所述纵梁内侧面保温层贴近所对应的纵梁的内侧面设置；
所述纵梁内侧面保温层的长度基本等于所述第一横梁和所述第三横梁之间的间距。
可选地，所述横梁保温层和所述纵梁内侧面保温层一体设置。
可选地，所述纵梁包括中空的内部腔体，所述纵梁与所述第一模组容置空间相对应的位置处设置有纵梁内腔保温层，且所述纵梁内腔保温层设置于所述纵梁的内部腔体中。
可选地，所述纵梁的外侧面设置有突出部，所述突出部为将所述电池 包安装固定在车身上的固定端，所述突出部包括中空的内部腔体，所述纵梁与所述第一模组容置空间相对应的位置处设置有纵梁外腔保温层，且所述纵梁外腔保温层设置于所述突出部的内部腔体中。
可选地，所述突出部的外部设置有纵梁外部保温层，所述纵梁外部保温层部分包覆所述突出部的外表面和所述纵梁的外侧面；
所述纵梁外部保温层的长度基本等于所述第一横梁和所述第三横梁之间的间距。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本公开。
本发明所提供的电池包具有下列优点：
本发明提供了一种具有保温箱体结构的电池包，大幅提升保温效果的同时降低保温成本，应对受环境温度影响较大的电池模组所在的箱体位置进行隔热，以尽可能少的使用隔热材料为前提，重点在于改善隔热性能较差的电池模组，从而实现保温和均温，结构简单，实用性强，所增加的物料成本很少。同时，可结合已具备保温均温功能的电池包保温箱体结构使用，可实现更好的保温均温效果，同时不会增加结构复杂性和物料成本。(具体实施方式中的仿真对比中所采用的电池包1即为一款已具备保温均温功能的保温箱体结构的电池包)
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显。
图1是一种电池包的结构示意图；
图2是电池模组中各个电池单元的分布示意图；
图3是电池模组与环境热量交换的示意图；
图4是本发明一实施例的电池包的结构示意图；
图5是本发明一实施例的各个容置空间分布的示意图；
图6～8是本发明一实施例的下盖保温层的三种不同形状的示意图；
图9和图10是本发明一实施例的在第二横梁处增加保温层的示意图；
图11是本发明一实施例的一体式横梁保温层和纵梁内侧面保温层的 示意图；
图12是采用图1中电池包结构的降温曲线图；
图13是采用本发明一实施例的电池包结构的降温曲线图。
附图标记：
1     上盖           423  突出部
21    电池模组       43   横梁保温层
22    电池配件       431  接线槽
3     导热层         432  接线孔
4     电池包箱体     44   纵梁内侧面保温层
41    横梁           45   纵梁外部保温层
411   第一横梁       46   纵梁内腔保温层
412   第二横梁       47   纵梁外腔保温层
413   第三横梁       48   模组容置空间
414   第四横梁       481  第一模组容置空间
415   第五横梁       49   配件容置空间
416   第六横梁       5    液冷组件
42    纵梁           6    下盖
421   第一纵梁       7    下盖保温层
422   第二纵梁
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本公开将更加全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。
此外，附图仅为本公开的示意性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的部分，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供一种电池包，所述电池包包括：电池模组，包括多个以阵列形式排布的电池单元；电池包箱体，包括多个横梁和多个纵梁，所述多个横梁和多个纵梁限定多个模组容置空间，所述电池模组放置于所述模组容置空间中；以及下盖保温层，设置于所述电池包箱体背离所述电池模组的一侧，所述下盖保温层在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影至少覆盖分布于所述电池模组的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元。
考虑到电池模组中处于最外侧的电池单元是最容易受环境影响的部分，本发明结合电池包的结构设计保温结构，提升保温效果的同时降低保温成本，应对受环境温度影响较大的电池模组所在的箱体位置进行隔热，以尽可能少的使用隔热材料为前提，主要改善隔热性能较差的电池模组，增加的物料成本很小。
下面结合各个附图进一步介绍本发明的电池包的结构和保温原理。
如图1所示，为一种电池包的基本结构，该电池包包括：上盖1、电池模组21、导热层3、电池包箱体4、液冷组件5以及下盖6。电池包箱体4包括多个横梁41和多个纵梁42，多个横梁41和多个纵梁42限定多个模组容置空间48，电池模组21放置于模组容置空间48中。上盖1和下盖6在电池模组21所在平面上的投影覆盖所述电池模组21。液冷组件5可以通过流通的液体对电池模组21进行降温，电池模组21通过导热层3以及分布于各个模组容置空间48的底面的隔离板与液冷组件5进行热交换。
如图2所示，为一个电池包中电池模组中各个电池单元的分布图。各个电池单元排布成多行多列的阵列形式。其中，如图2中的视角，定义最左侧一列电池单元(电池单元1-1、2-1、3-1等)即第一列电池单元为第一侧边最外侧的电池单元，下方一行电池单元(电池单元1-1、1-2、1-3等)即第一行电池单元为第二侧边最外侧的电池单元，最上方一行电池单元即最后一行电池单元为第三侧边最外侧的电池单元，最右侧一列电池单元(电池单元1-16、2-16、3-16等)即最后一列电池单元为第四侧边最外侧的电池单元。此处电池单元可以指的是单个电池电芯，也可以指几个 电池电芯为一组形成的一个小的电池单元。
如图3所示，为电池包中电池模组与环境进行热量交换的示意图。电池模组之间具有对流作用，电池模组和空气之间也具有对流作用，电池模组和箱体之间具有固体热量传导作用，而箱体和环境以及空气之间均有对流作用。
电池包中最容易受到环境影响的模组为四条侧边最外侧的电池单元，即图2中第一列、最后一列、第一行、最后一行电池单元。此外，相比于最后一列电池单元，第一列电池单元的前侧还设置有电池配件22，导致第一列电池单元所分担的箱体有效散热面积大于最后一列电池模组所分担的箱体有效散热面积。此处，电池配件22指的是电池包中除了电池模组21本身之外的其他重要组件，例如电池管理系统、高压电器盒等等。因此：
(1)第一列电池单元受环境影响＞最后一列电池单元受环境影响＞其他列电池单元受环境的影响；
(2)第一行电池单元受环境的影响＝最后一行电池单元受环境的影响＞其他行电池单元受环境的影响。
因此，为了提升保温效果和温差，同时降低保温成本，本发明应对受环境影响较大的电池单元所在的箱体位置进行隔热。
如图4所示，为本发明一实施例的电池包的结构示意图。其中，在下盖6的下方增设了下盖保温层7，下盖保温层7在所述电池模组21所在平面上的投影至少覆盖分布于所述电池模组21的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元。在该实施例中，所述下盖保温层7为环形保温层，所述下盖保温层7在所述电池模组21所在平面上的投影覆盖分布于所述电池模组21的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元，即第一列电池单元、第二列电池单元、第一行电池单元和第二行电池单元。
在该实施例中，对应于电池配件22的位置，所述电池包箱体4还包括配件容置空间49，用于容纳电池配件22，所述配件容置空间49设置于所述模组容置空间48的第一侧，所述下盖保温层7的第一侧在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影覆盖所述配件容置空间49和所述电池模组21中最 靠近所述配件容置空间49的电池单元，即在图4中的视角中，下盖保温层7的左侧覆盖配件容置空间49和第一列电池单元。
如图5所示，所述纵梁42包括第一纵梁421和第二纵梁422，所述横梁41包括位于所述电池包箱体的第一侧且依次排列的第一横梁411、第二横梁412和第三横梁413，所述第一横梁411、第二横梁412和所述纵梁42限定所述配件容置空间49，所述第二横梁412、第三横梁413和所述纵梁42限定第一模组容置空间481。横梁41的数量可以根据需要进行选择和调整，例如，在该实施例中，还可以包括第四横梁414、第五横梁415和第六横梁416，但本发明不以此为限。纵梁42的数量也可以根据需要增加，形成多行模组容置空间48等，均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
如图6～8所示，下盖保温层7的结构可以有多种形状，且不限于图中示出的形状，其中图8示出了适应电池包下盖6而对下盖保温层7的结构进行的改进。在中间受环境影响较小的电池单元的下方不用设置下盖保温层。下盖保温层7的形状和尺寸可以通过仿真优化确定，厚度可以选择大于2mm，但本发明不限于此。下盖保温层7可以采用保温棉，例如硬质发泡泡棉等，以便于安装和拆卸。
进一步地，该实施例中，由于第一列电池单元所分担的箱体有效散热面积大于最后一列电池单元所分担的箱体有效散热面积，在第一列电池单元处还增设了保温层，实现对第一列电池单元所在的箱体位置的隔热措施强于最后一列电池模组所在的箱体位置的隔热措施。
如图9和图10所示，示出了增设横梁保温层和纵梁保温层的结构。其中，为方便展示，图9和图10中隐藏了第一横梁411。所述第二横梁412处设置有横梁保温层43，所述横梁保温层43贴近所述第二横梁412的两侧面设置。此处横梁保温层43是一个倒U形的中空结构，在图10中的视角中从上至下套在第二横梁421上。在其他可替代的实施方式中，横梁保温层43也可以只贴近第二横梁412的一侧面设置。
横梁保温层43也可以采用保温棉或其他材料。所述纵梁42对应于所述配件容置空间49和所述第一模组容置空间481的位置处设置有纵梁内 侧面保温层44，所述纵梁内侧面保温层44贴近所对应的纵梁42的内侧面设置。由于该实施例中纵梁42包括第一纵梁421和第二纵梁422，因此纵梁内侧面保温层44相应设置有两个，分别贴近第一纵梁421的内侧面和第二纵梁422的内侧面设置。纵梁内侧面保温层44也可以采用保温棉或其他材料。
由于纵梁内侧面保温层44设置于第一横梁411和第三横梁413之间，因此所述纵梁内侧面保温层44的长度基本等于所述第一横梁411和所述第三横梁413的间距。所述横梁保温层43和所述纵梁内侧面保温层44可以是分体设置，也可以一体设置而做成一个零件。横梁保温层43和纵梁内侧面保温层44可以采用硬质发泡泡棉，以便于安装和拆卸。
如图9所示，所述第一纵梁421包括中空的内部腔体，所述第一纵梁421与所述第一模组容置空间481相对应的位置处设置有纵梁内腔保温层45，且所述纵梁内腔保温层45设置于所述第一纵梁421的内部腔体中。第二纵梁422具有与第一纵梁421对称的结构，即第二纵梁422与所述第一模组容置空间481相对应的位置处的内部腔体中也设置有纵梁内腔保温层44。所述纵梁内腔保温层45可以采用硬质发泡泡棉塞入第一纵梁421和第二纵梁422的内部腔体即可，为了便于固定，在塞入前，可以在表面涂覆胶水。
在该实施例中，所述第一纵梁421的外侧面设置有突出部423，所述突出部423为将电池包整体安装于汽车的车身上时的安装部，所述突出部423包括中空的内部腔体，所述第一纵梁421与所述第一模组容置空间481相对应的位置处设置有纵梁外腔保温层46，且所述纵梁外腔保温层46设置于所述突出部423的内部腔体中。所述突出部423为直角三角形结构，且所述突出部423的一直角边与所述第一纵梁421贴合，所述突出部423的斜角边为从所述第一纵梁421向远离所述第一纵梁421的方向从下向上倾斜，即在图9示出的视角中，从左到右，突出部423的斜角边从下向上倾斜。突出部423可以进一步提高第一纵梁421的支撑强度。第二纵梁422与第一纵梁421具有对称的结构，即第二纵梁422的外侧面也设置有突出部423，突出部423的结构与第一纵梁421的突出部423 的结构相对称，且突出部423对应于纵梁外腔保温层46的位置的内部腔体中设置有纵梁外腔保温层46。所述纵梁外腔保温层46可以采用硬质发泡泡棉塞入第一纵梁421的突出部423和第二纵梁422的突出部423的内部腔体即可，为了便于固定，在塞入前，可以在表面涂覆胶水。
进一步地，如图10所示，所述突出部423的外部设置有纵梁外部保温层47，所述纵梁外部保温层47部分包覆所述突出部423的外表面和所述纵梁42的外侧面。对应于第一纵梁421和第二纵梁422，纵梁外部保温层47分别设置于第一纵梁421的外侧面和第二纵梁422的外侧面。
此处仅示出了一个实施例中突出部423的结构，在其他可替代的实施方式中，突出部423的形状可能会有所不同，对应地，纵梁外部保温层47的形状也随之而相适应。纵梁外部保温层47的长度也基本等于第一横梁411和第三横梁412之间的间距。
如图9和图10所示，所述横梁保温层43的高度高于所述第二横梁412的高度，延伸至与电池包上盖1相接触。由于第二横梁412上方有高低压线束跨接，用于连接电池模组21和电池配件22中的BMS(Battery Management System，电池管理系统)和高压电器盒。因此，如图11所示，所述横梁保温层43的上方设置有至少一个接线槽431和/或至少一个接线孔432，从而作为预留的线束位置。
如图12和图13所示，分别为采用图1中电池包结构(如下记为电池包1)和图4中电池包结构(如下记为电池包2)的降温曲线图。
电池包具有96个电芯，取每个电芯上表面的平均温度作为研究对象，因此有96个研究对象。仿真模型采用自然对流瞬态模型，电池包置于空气中，自行求解自然对流换热，电池包初始温度为20℃，环境温度为-20℃，得到图12和图13的降温曲线。
其中，T_max表示96个研究对象中有一个最大值，即电芯上表面平均温度最大值，T_min表示96个研究对象中有一个最小值，即电芯上表面平均温度最小值，T_diff＝T_max-T_min。
根据曲线得到的两种电池包的性能的对比数据如下表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020076918-appb-000001
从表1可以看出，该方案中电池包的保温效果有显著提升。电池包1本身是一种采用了现有技术中的保温箱体结构的电池包，然而本发明的电池包2可以提供相比于电池包1更优越的保温效果。电池包1在4.11个小时后，各个电芯温度值分布如下表2所示。其中，编号即为对应于图2中电池包中各个电池单元的编号。
表2
编号 温度值 编号 温度值 编号 温度值 编号 温度值
1-1 0 1-2 0.82 1-4 0.47 1-7 1.2
1-13 0.53 1-15 1.1 1-16 0.49 2-1 1.38
2-16 1.47 3-1 2.06 3-10 2.87 3-16 1.8
从表2的分布中也可以看出，受温度影响比较严重的即为第一列电池单元、最后一列电池单元、第一行电池单元和最后一行电池单元。其中，第一列电池单元比最后一列电池单元受到环境影响更为严重。
因此，本发明提供了一种具有保温箱体结构的电池包，在提升保温效果的同时降低保温成本，会得到更好的廉价的效果。这一点从图12和13的对比中以及表1的数据中也能够得到。
综上所述，与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的电池包具有下列优点：
本发明提供了一种具有保温箱体结构的电池包，大幅提升保温效果的同时降低保温成本，应对受环境温度影响较大的电池模组所在的箱体位置进行隔热，以尽可能少的使用隔热材料为前提，重点在于改善隔热性能较差的电池模组，从而实现保温和均温，结构简单，实用性强，所增加的物 料成本很少。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包包括：
    电池模组，包括多个以阵列形式排布的电池单元；
    电池包箱体，包括多个横梁和多个纵梁，所述多个横梁和多个纵梁限定多个模组容置空间，所述电池模组放置于所述模组容置空间中；以及
    下盖保温层，设置于所述电池包箱体背离所述电池模组的一侧，所述下盖保温层在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影至少覆盖分布于所述电池模组的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述下盖保温层为环形保温层，所述下盖保温层在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影覆盖分布于所述电池模组的四条侧边的最外侧电池单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包箱体还包括配件容置空间，所述配件容置空间用于容纳电池管理系统和高压电器盒，所述配件容置空间设置于所述模组容置空间的第一侧，所述下盖保温层的第一侧在所述电池模组所在平面上的投影覆盖所述配件容置空间和所述电池模组中最靠近所述配件容置空间的电池单元。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述纵梁包括第一纵梁和第二纵梁，所述横梁包括位于所述电池包箱体的第一侧且依次排列的第一横梁、第二横梁和第三横梁，所述第一横梁、第二横梁和所述纵梁限定所述配件容置空间，所述第二横梁、第三横梁和所述纵梁限定第一模组容置空间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第二横梁处设置横梁保温层，所述横梁保温层贴近所述第二横梁的一侧面设置，或所述横梁保温层贴近所述第二横梁的两侧面设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述横梁保温层的高度高于所述第二横梁的高度，且延伸至与电池包上盖相接触，且所述横梁保温层的上方设置有至少一个接线槽和/或至少一个接线孔。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述纵梁对应于所 述配件容置空间和所述第一模组容置空间的位置处设置有纵梁内侧面保温层，所述纵梁内侧面保温层贴近所对应的纵梁的内侧面设置；
    所述纵梁内侧面保温层的长度基本等于所述第一横梁和所述第三横梁之间的间距。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述横梁保温层和所述纵梁内侧面保温层一体设置。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述横梁保温层和所述纵梁内侧面保温层分别采用硬质发泡泡棉。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述纵梁包括中空的内部腔体，所述纵梁与所述第一模组容置空间相对应的位置处设置有纵梁内腔保温层，且所述纵梁内腔保温层设置于所述纵梁的内部腔体中。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述纵梁的外侧面设置有突出部，所述突出部为将所述电池包安装固定在车身上的固定端，所述突出部包括中空的内部腔体，所述纵梁与所述第一模组容置空间相对应的位置处设置有纵梁外腔保温层，且所述纵梁外腔保温层设置于所述突出部的内部腔体中。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述突出部的外部设置有纵梁外部保温层，所述纵梁外部保温层部分包覆所述突出部的外表面和所述纵梁的外侧面；
    所述纵梁外部保温层的长度基本等于所述第一横梁和所述第三横梁之间的间距。
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