WO2020184697A1 - 繊維強化複合材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
繊維強化複合材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020184697A1 WO2020184697A1 PCT/JP2020/010995 JP2020010995W WO2020184697A1 WO 2020184697 A1 WO2020184697 A1 WO 2020184697A1 JP 2020010995 W JP2020010995 W JP 2020010995W WO 2020184697 A1 WO2020184697 A1 WO 2020184697A1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/015—Natural yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H5/04—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by applying or incorporating chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents in solid or liquid form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2331/00—Characterised by the use of copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, or carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid
- C08J2331/02—Characterised by the use of omopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08J2331/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2211/00—Protein-based fibres, e.g. animal fibres
- D10B2211/01—Natural animal fibres, e.g. keratin fibres
- D10B2211/04—Silk
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite material containing a non-woven fabric containing bagworm silk thread as a reinforcing fiber, and a method for producing the same.
- Fiber-reinforced composite materials which are composites of reinforcing fibers and base materials, are lightweight, as represented by carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP: Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics) and glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP: Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastics). Moreover, it is a material having high strength and elasticity. Such high strength and elastic modulus are largely based on the mechanical properties of reinforcing fibers such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, and aramid fiber. For example, it is known that carbon fiber has about 10 times the mechanical properties of iron in the specific strength obtained by dividing the strength by the mass of the material (Non-Patent Document 1). Due to these mechanical properties, fiber-reinforced composite materials are used in various fields such as sports / leisure products, automobiles, houses, buildings, and aircraft as alternative materials to metals.
- CFRP Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
- GFRP Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
- next-generation reinforcing fiber an attempt is made to solve this problem by using a fiber having elongation properties in addition to high strength and elastic modulus as a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- a spider-derived yarn (often referred to herein as "spider yarn"), which has extremely high toughness and stretchability, is currently attracting attention as its next-generation reinforcing fiber (non-patented).
- Document 2 a spider-derived yarn (often referred to herein as "spider yarn"), which has extremely high toughness and stretchability, is currently attracting attention as its next-generation reinforcing fiber (non-patented).
- Bagworm is a general term for moth larvae belonging to the Lepidoptera family Psychidae, but the silk thread spit out by this insect has a good balance of strength and elongation, and is better than silkworm silk thread and spider silk thread. It has excellent mechanical properties.
- the bagworm silk thread of Eumeta minuscula has an elastic modulus 3.5 times that of silkworm silk thread and 2.5 times that of Nephila clavata spider silk thread (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5).
- the present inventors have clarified that the bagworm silk thread of Eumeta japonica also has similar mechanical properties when compared with the silkworm silk thread and the spider silk derived from Araneus spider (Patent Document 3).
- the elastic modulus was about 5 times that of silkworm silk thread and more than 3 times that of spider silk thread.
- the breaking strength was more than 3 times that of silkworm silk thread, about 2 times that of spider silk, and the breaking elongation was 1.3 times or more that of silkworm silk thread, which was almost comparable to that of spider silk.
- the toughness is more than 4 times that of silkworm silk thread and 1.7 times or more that of spider silk, and it has been clarified that it shows the highest level of toughness among natural fibers.
- the elastic modulus is improved as compared with the case of the polymer matrix alone, and when long fiber Minomushi silk thread is used, it is a solution problem of CFRP and GFRP. We were able to significantly improve the problem of low elongation at break.
- bagworms can be bred in large quantities like silkworms, and have the advantage of being easier to manage than silkworms.
- silkworms feed only on the fresh leaves (mulberry leaves) of the species belonging to the genus Morus, so the breeding area and breeding time depend on the mulberry leaf supply area and the mulberry leaf opening period.
- Mulberry is broad-eating and has low specificity for prey leaves, so leaves of various tree species can be fed. Therefore, the bait leaves are easily available and can be bred in any area.
- the leaves of evergreen trees can also be used as bait leaves, so that the bait leaves can be supplied throughout the year.
- bagworms are smaller in body size than silkworms and can be easily bred in large numbers, so they can be bred in large numbers even in a small breeding space. Therefore, the breeding cost can be significantly reduced.
- bagworm silk thread can be directly collected from bagworm, it is not always necessary to have a special production facility for the production and maintenance of the genetically modified product.
- the number of production steps can be reduced. Therefore, bagworm silk thread can solve not only the problem of mass production but also the problem of production cost which has not been solved by spider silk.
- the present inventors have succeeded in developing a fiber-reinforced composite material having high strength, elastic modulus, and elongation properties not found in conventional products by using bagworm silk thread as a reinforcing fiber (Japanese Patent Application No. 2017). -170648).
- the strength and elastic modulus of the fiber-reinforced composite material are isotropic, the range of application as the fiber-reinforced composite material can be further expanded.
- an object of the present invention is to develop and provide a fiber-reinforced composite material containing silk thread of Minomushi as a reinforcing fiber and having isotropic properties in elastic modulus and strength.
- the strength and elasticity of the non-woven fabric containing the long-fiber Minomushi silk thread and having a random fiber orientation are used as the reinforcing fibers.
- the present invention is based on the above research results and provides the following inventions.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention it is possible to provide a fiber-reinforced composite material having high strength, elastic modulus, and elongation, and having their physical properties isotropic.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a fiber reinforced composite material.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is characterized by using a non-woven fabric containing bagworm silk thread as a reinforcing fiber base material. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fiber-reinforced composite material having high strength and elastic modulus, and elongation characteristics not found in conventional CFRP and GFRP, and their physical properties are isotropic.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material refers to two or more different materials, that is, materials in which the reinforcing fibers and the base material are integrally combined in a separated state without being fused with each other.
- reinforcing fiber means a fiber base material in a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- a reinforcing fiber is a reinforcing material that imparts strength to a fiber-reinforced composite material, but in the present specification, it refers to a reinforcing material that imparts at least one of strength, elastic modulus, and elongation to a fiber-reinforced composite material. ..
- the "base material” is also referred to as a "matrix” and refers to a supporting base material in a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the base material is usually the side to which strength is imparted in the fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the base material can be a reinforcing material that imparts strength to the reinforcing fibers as a filler for filling between the reinforcing fibers. That is, in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention, each constituent material enhances each other's advantages and / or complements each other's drawbacks. Thereby, a fiber-reinforced composite material having new properties not found in the original material can be obtained.
- polymer matrix refers to a base material composed of an organic polymer and / or an inorganic polymer.
- bagworm silk thread refers to a protein thread spit out by insect larvae and adults for the purpose of nesting, moving, fixing, cocooning, feeding, etc.
- the "silkworm silk thread” that silkworms spit out during cocooning is a typical silk thread.
- bagworm silk thread is a silk thread spit out by the bagworm, but more specifically, a bagworm silk thread for scaffolding (referred to as “scaffold silk thread” in the present specification) and a bagworm silk thread for nesting (this specification). In the book, it is written as "bagworm thread").
- the "scaffolding silk thread” is a silk thread that the bagworm spits out prior to its movement, and has a function as a scaffolding to prevent it from falling from branches, leaves, etc. during the movement.
- the "nest silk thread” is a silk thread that constitutes a nest, and is spit out in order to spell leaf pieces and branch pieces and to make the inner wall of the nest, which is a living area, a comfortable environment.
- scaffolding silk is thicker and mechanically tougher than nest silk.
- Silk yarn includes single fiber, spitting fiber, silk spinning, and aggregated fiber.
- the "single fiber” is a filament (monofilament) yarn of the smallest unit constituting a silk yarn, and refers to a fiber component such as fibroin protein obtained by removing a coating component such as sericin protein from a spitting fiber described later. Single fibers are usually obtained by scouring the spit fibers.
- Sppitting fiber refers to a silk thread in a state of being spit out by an insect.
- bagworm spit fibers are composed of difilaments in which a set of two single fibers are bound by a coating component.
- “Silk spinning” refers to spun yarn obtained by spinning short-fiber silk yarn described later.
- the “aggregate fiber” is a fiber composed of a plurality of silk fiber bundles, and is also called a multifilament.
- the aggregated fibers herein are composed of single fibers, spit fibers, silk spun fibers, or a combination thereof.
- the aggregated fibers of the present specification are composed only of silk threads derived from the same species such as evergreen bagworm silk thread, silkworm silk thread and silkworm silk thread, or multiple kinds of silk threads of different origins such as evergreen bagworm silk thread and spider silk thread. Also includes mixed fibers composed of.
- the aggregated fiber includes not only twisted fiber but also untwisted fiber.
- Non-woven fabric refers to a sheet formed by entwining fibers without weaving them.
- the shape of the non-woven fabric itself is not limited, and may be any shape such as cloth-like, paper-like, cotton-like, and leather-like.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
- non-woven fabrics are "fiber sheets, webs or bats in which the fibers are unidirectionally or randomly oriented and by confounding and / or fusion and / or adhesion. It is defined as "bonded fibers, except for paper, non-woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, tufts and astringent felts.”
- the non-woven fabric used in the present invention also conforms to the definition.
- felt is also included in the non-woven fabric as an exception.
- isotropic means that the physical properties do not depend on the direction.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material has a planar shape such as a sheet, it means that it exhibits the same strength, elastic modulus, and elongation in any direction on the planar surface.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material has a three-dimensional shape, it means that it exhibits the same strength, elastic modulus, and elongation in any direction in the three-dimensional space.
- isotropic means having an isotropic property.
- anisotropic the fact that the physical properties depend on the direction is called “anisotropic", and having such properties is called “anisotropic”.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material when the physical properties in an arbitrary direction on a plane and the physical properties in a direction orthogonal to the direction are different, the fiber-reinforced composite material is said to be anisotropic.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention contains reinforcing fibers and a polymer matrix as essential components.
- each component will be described.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention contains a non-woven fabric as an essential constituent fiber as a reinforcing fiber. In addition to the non-woven fabric, one or more other fibers different from each other can be included as selective constituent fibers.
- non-woven fabric is characterized by containing bagworm silk thread, and the non-woven fabric itself can be one aspect of the present invention.
- each constituent fiber will be described.
- Nonwoven Fabric Nonwoven fabric is an essential constituent fiber as a reinforcing fiber in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention.
- the greatest feature of the present invention is that this non-woven fabric contains bagworm silk thread.
- Bagworm silk thread is a silk thread spit out by bagworms.
- Bagworm is a general term for moth larvae belonging to the order Lepidoptera and Psychidae, as described above. Moths of the bagworm family are distributed all over the world, but all larvae (bagworms) spell natural materials such as leaf pieces and branch pieces with silk thread spit out by themselves throughout the entire larval stage and live in the nest that wears them. doing.
- the nest is bag-shaped and can wrap the whole body, and has a spindle-shaped, cylindrical, conical or other shape. Bagworms usually hide in this nest, always behave with the nest during feeding and movement, and pupation is also performed in the nest in principle.
- the type of bagworm from which the bagworm silk thread used for the non-woven fabric is derived does not matter.
- the bagworm family includes Acanthopsyche, Anatolopsyche, Bacotia, Bambalina, Canephora, Chalioides, Dahlica, Diplodoma, Eumeta, Eumasia, Kozhantshikovia, Mahasena, Nipponopsyche, Paranarychia, Proutia, Psyche, Pteroma, Siederia, Triglo.
- the types of bagworms include Eumeta japonica, Eumeta minuscula, and Nipponopsyche fuscescens.
- the age of the larva is from the first instar to the last instar. Also, it does not matter whether it is male or female.
- a large bagworm is preferable.
- larger species are preferable. Therefore, from the viewpoint of obtaining thicker and longer bagworm silk thread, Eumeta varieum and Eumeta varieum are suitable species as bagworms used in the present invention.
- the last-instar larva is preferable, and the larger female is preferable.
- the bagworm silk thread used for the non-woven fabric may be either scaffold silk thread or nest silk thread, or may be a mixture of both.
- the length of the bagworm silk thread used for the non-woven fabric does not matter. It may be either short fiber (short fiber silk thread), long fiber (long fiber silk thread), or a combination thereof. However, it is preferable to include long fibers in order to achieve the isotropic strength, elastic modulus, and elongation, which are the objects of the present invention. That is, only long fibers or a combination of long fibers and short fibers is preferable.
- short fiber means that the length of the major axis is 1.0 mm or more and less than 1 m, 1.5 mm or more and less than 80 cm, 2 mm or more and less than 60 cm, 2.5 mm or more and less than 50 cm, 3 mm or more and less than 40 cm, 3.5 mm or more and less than 30 cm. , 4 mm or more and less than 20 cm, 4.5 mm or more and less than 10 cm, and 5.0 mm or more and less than 5 cm.
- Specific examples of short fibers include spit fiber fragments of less than 1 m derived from scaffold silk thread and nest silk thread, and single fiber fragments obtained by scouring them.
- long fiber means a fiber having a fiber length of 1 m or more, 2 m or more, preferably 3 m or more, more preferably 4 m or more, 5 m or more, 6 m or more, 7 m or more, 8 m or more, 9 m or more, or 10 m or more.
- This fiber length may be a long spun of short fibers such as silk spinning, but it may be a continuous fiber length, that is, a filament yarn length such as a single fiber or a spit fiber. It is preferable to have.
- the method for producing a non-woven fabric used as a reinforcing fiber in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the short fibers and / or long fibers of the bagworm silk thread may be used as a material and produced by a known method.
- a general method for producing a non-woven fabric includes a fleece forming step of accumulating fibers and a fiber bonding step of binding the accumulated fibers.
- a dry method, a wet method, a spunbond method, a melt blown method, a flash spinning method and the like are known, but any method may be used.
- the dry method is a method in which fibers are oriented in a certain direction or randomly by an air flow or the like to form a fiber accumulation layer.
- the wet method is a method in which short fibers are dispersed in a liquid and squeezed up with a net to form a fiber accumulation layer.
- the spunbond method, the melt blown method, and the flash spinning method are all direct-spinning manufacturing methods, in which the molten raw material is discharged from a nozzle to be spun and accumulated in a sheet shape.
- fleece formation is also possible by the manufacturing method because the recombinant bagworm silk thread protein can be operated in a liquid state.
- the thermal bond method is a method in which a fleece mixed with low melting point heat-sealed fibers is thermocompression bonded to bond the fibers to each other.
- the chemical bond method is a method in which a fleece is impregnated or sprayed with an emulsion-based adhesive resin, and then heated and dried to bond the intersections of fibers.
- the needle punching method is a method in which fibers are entangled by repeatedly piercing a fleece with a needle that moves up and down at high speed.
- the water flow entanglement method is a method of injecting a high-pressure water flow into a fleece in a columnar shape to entangle the fibers.
- a non-woven fabric can be manufactured by a thread collection method peculiar to bagworm.
- the simplest method for producing a non-woven fabric made of bagworm silk thread is to obtain it from a bagworm nest.
- the bagworm nest itself is composed of a non-woven fabric because the short fibers of the bagworm silk thread are entwined with each other. Therefore, a non-woven fabric made of bagworm silk thread can be obtained by cutting open a bagworm nest and spreading it in a plane and removing leaves and twigs of the nest material.
- impurities can always be mixed in the non-woven fabric obtained by this method.
- the presence of such impurities can cause deterioration in quality and physical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material, and may offset the advantages of using bagworm silk thread as the reinforcing fiber, so that it is originally preferable. Absent.
- a non-woven fabric made of bagworm silk thread can be produced by using the thread collection method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-078522.
- one or more bagworms are placed on a solvent-soluble base material or a heat-flexible base material, and scaffold silk threads are spit on the surface of those base materials until a thin film can be formed.
- the base material itself is dissolved in a solvent that does not damage, modify, or dissolve the silk thread, or the silk thread is heated and melted at a temperature at which it is not damaged, heat-modified, or melted, and is spit out with the base material component.
- a non-woven fabric made of a thin film of the scaffold silk thread can be obtained.
- the solvent-soluble base material used in this method includes a water-soluble base material (water-soluble material) composed of a substance soluble in water or an aqueous solution, and a low-polarity solvent composed of a substance soluble in a low-polarity solvent.
- water-soluble base material water-soluble material
- low-polarity solvent composed of a substance soluble in a low-polarity solvent.
- soluble substrates All substrates are in a dry environment, that is, under standard conditions (atmospheric pressure conditions at 15 ° C to 25 ° C) and humidity of 50% or less, preferably 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, or 10% or less. It is solid in the environment.
- water-soluble substrates include gelatin, starch, pullulan and the like
- low-polarity solvent-soluble substrates include polystyrene, vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate, acrylic resin, and polycarbonate.
- the heat-flexible base material is a base material that is in a solid state in the standard state and can be easily melted by heating to become a liquid state.
- the melting point of the heat-flexible substrate may be lower than the temperature at which the bagworm silk thread is damaged, heat-denatured, or melted.
- the melting point may be at least 260 ° C., but in order to reduce the heating cost and not to expose the bagworm silk thread to an unnecessarily high temperature, for example, The range of 40 ° C to 100 ° C, 45 ° C to 98 ° C, 50 ° C to 95 ° C, 55 ° C to 90 ° C, 60 ° C to 85 ° C, 65 ° C to 80 ° C, or 70 ° C to 75 ° C is appropriate.
- the bagworm silk thread to be collected is different from the scaffold silk thread and the nest silk thread, the conditions such as the base material component, the solvent, and the melting temperature are basically the same as those of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-078522.
- a non-woven fabric made of bagworm silk thread by the thread collection method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-158762.
- one or more bagworms are placed on a substrate and scaffold silk threads are spit on the surface of the substrate until a thin film can be formed.
- a non-woven fabric made of a thin film of scaffolding silk thread can be obtained by separating the base material and the bagworm silk thread by spraying or applying a wetting liquid to the bagworm silk thread spit on the surface of the base material.
- the wettable powder used in this method is a pure substance or mixture having a melting point of less than 20 ° C. and a boiling point of 30 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower under atmospheric pressure, and exhibits a liquid state at least 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 30 ° C.
- a pure substance or mixture that does not damage, modify, or dissolve the fibroin protein, which is the fiber component of the silk thread For example, ethanol, aqueous solution, organic solvent and the like are applicable.
- the non-woven fabric in the present invention may be composed of one or more kinds of bagworm silk threads.
- it may be composed only of bagworm silk thread derived from Eumeta varieum, or may be composed of two types of bagworm silk thread derived from Eumeta varieum and Eumeta varieum.
- the method for producing a non-woven fabric composed of a plurality of types of bagworm silk threads may be basically the same as the method for producing a non-woven fabric composed of one type of bagworm silk thread.
- each of the bagworm of Eumeta varieum and the bagworm of Eumeta varieum can be produced by spitting on the same substrate.
- the silk thread of Minomushi has almost the same physical properties as described above regardless of the species, but depending on the species, silk thread having a particularly high elastic modulus, silk thread having a high breaking strength, silk thread having a high toughness, etc. So there can be differences in their characteristics.
- the bagworm silk threads of those species can be combined to enhance each other's strengths and complement each other's weaknesses.
- the non-woven fabric in the present invention may further contain one or more other fibers different from the bagworm silk thread as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- organic fibers or inorganic fibers can be mentioned.
- Organic fibers include natural vegetable fibers such as cotton and linen containing cellulose as the main component, silk thread obtained from domestic silkworms such as silkworms or insects such as wild silkworms that are larvae of Saturniidae moths, and spider silk.
- Examples include natural animal fibers and chemically synthesized fibers such as aramid, polyamide (including nylon), polyester, polyethylene, acrylic and rayon.
- the inorganic fiber include carbon fiber, glass fiber, metal fiber (stainless steel, titanium, copper, aluminum, nickel, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, etc.) and amorphous fiber (ceramic fiber, rock wool, etc.).
- bagworm silk thread and other fibers By combining bagworm silk thread and other fibers to make a non-woven fabric, a synergistic effect can be obtained between the fibers.
- carbon fiber and glass fiber boast extremely high strength and elastic modulus, but have low toughness and brittleness due to lack of elongation property.
- bagworm silk thread has high strength and elastic modulus, but is inferior to that of carbon fiber and glass fiber.
- bagworm silk thread has elongation properties that carbon fiber and glass fiber do not have. Therefore, by combining bagworm silk thread with carbon fiber and / or glass fiber to form a non-woven fabric, it is possible to utilize the advantages of both and complement each other's disadvantages.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material having extremely high strength and elastic modulus and having elongation properties can be produced.
- the content of the bagworm silk thread in the reinforcing fiber when used in the fiber-reinforced composite material is not limited.
- mass fraction 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, 5% by mass or more, 8% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, 30% by mass.
- 35% by mass or more 40% by mass or more, 45% by mass or more, 50% by mass or more, 55% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 75% by mass or more, 80% by mass It may be 85% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, 92% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, 97% by mass or more, 98% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or more.
- the reinforcing fibers constituting the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention may include one or more other fibers different from the non-woven fabric as selective constituent fibers.
- the composition of fibers other than the non-woven fabric that can be used as the reinforcing fiber is basically the same as that of the fibers constituting the non-woven fabric. That is, in addition to short fibers and / or long fibers of one or more kinds of Minomushi silk threads, organic fibers such as vegetable natural fibers, animal natural fibers and chemically synthesized fibers, and / or carbon fibers, glass fibers and metal fibers. And inorganic fibers such as amorphous fibers can be included. These fibers may have any shape other than the non-woven fabric in the fiber-reinforced composite material. For example, in addition to a simple string shape (thread shape), a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a sheet shape such as paper, or a combination thereof can be mentioned.
- the content of the other fibers in the reinforcing fibers is not limited.
- the non-woven fabric is the main reinforcing fiber component, it is preferable that the content of the non-woven fabric is higher in principle.
- the content of other fibers is 1% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 8% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 25 by mass. It is preferably mass% or less, 30 mass% or less, 35 mass% or less, 40 mass% or less, 45 mass% or less, and less than 50 mass%.
- the polymer matrix refers to a base material composed of an organic polymer and / or an inorganic polymer, and the polymer matrix used in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is an organic polymer and an inorganic high molecular weight. Means one or both of macromolecules.
- the organic polymer referred to here includes a natural polymer and a synthetic polymer.
- the natural polymer is a polymer that exists in nature, and corresponds to, for example, proteins, polysaccharides, and natural resins.
- proteins include glue (including collagen and gelatin).
- polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, mannan, agar and the like.
- specific examples of the natural resin include lacquer, rosin, latex (natural rubber), shellac and the like.
- the synthetic polymer is a polymer obtained by linking monomers by a degenerate reaction or an addition polymerization reaction, and examples thereof include synthetic resins and synthetic rubbers.
- Synthetic resin is also called plastic.
- the synthetic resin used as the polymer matrix in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention may be a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or a combination thereof.
- the thermosetting resin include epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, and phenol resin.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, methacrylic resin, fluororesin, polycarbonate, polyurethane, aromatic polyetherketone resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin and the like.
- Examples of synthetic rubber include butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, acrylic rubber, fluororubber, and urethane rubber.
- the compounding ratio of the reinforcing fiber and the polymer matrix in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is not particularly limited. Usually, it may be blended in a ratio that can be imparted to the polymer matrix as the base material according to the characteristics of the target reinforcing fiber such as high strength, high elastic modulus and elongation.
- a blending ratio capable of imparting elongation, which is a characteristic of bagworm silk thread, to the polymer matrix is preferable.
- the mass fraction of the silk thread of Minomushi to the total dry mass of the fiber-reinforced composite material is 0.5% by mass to 50% by mass, 0.8% by mass to 40% by mass, 1% by mass to 35% by mass, and 1.5% by mass to 30%. It is mass%, 2 mass% to 28 mass%, or 3 mass% to 25 mass%.
- the structure of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a prepreg in which a non-woven fabric, which is a main reinforcing fiber, is impregnated with a liquid polymer matrix, and a state in which a plurality of prepregs and the like are laminated so that the orientation of the reinforcing fibers is different and integrated as a structure can be mentioned.
- reinforcing fibers other than the non-woven fabric may be dispersed in the polymer matrix layer and / or on the surface thereof.
- the above-mentioned prepreg is originally an intermediate material of the fiber-reinforced composite material, but is included in the fiber-reinforced composite material in the present specification.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has a well-balanced strength, elastic modulus, and elongation that are not found in conventional CFRP and GFRP, and has high values by including a non-woven fabric containing silk thread as a reinforcing fiber. It is possible to provide a fiber-reinforced composite material which is isotropic in physical properties.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention can be used in various fields including applications of conventional fiber-reinforced composite materials.
- sports / leisure golf shafts, rackets, fishing rods, bicycle parts, etc.
- houses tubs, septic tanks, etc.
- civil engineering construction civil engineering construction
- lightweight building materials lightweight building materials
- walls floor reinforcement materials
- truss structural materials etc.
- transportation equipment Automobiles, ships, airplanes, helicopters, high-pressure hydrogen tanks, etc.
- industrial equipment housings, home appliances, printed boards, wind power generation blades, etc.
- space-related rockets, artificial satellites, etc.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has, in addition to high strength and elastic modulus, properties of "elongation” and “toughness” that conventional fiber-reinforced composite materials such as CFRP and GFRP do not have. Since the physical properties are isotropic, it is suitable for use in the field of materials that require elongation in addition to strength and elastic modulus.
- the reinforcing fiber to be used is only minomushi silk thread, or animal fiber such as minomushi silk thread and silkworm silk thread
- the polymer matrix is a natural organic polymer such as collagen or gelatin, a fiber-reinforced composite material having high biocompatibility. It becomes. Therefore, it can be used in the medical field as a tissue regeneration base material, a blood vessel regeneration base material, and the like.
- non-woven fabric containing the silk thread of the worm of the present invention includes medical materials (masks, wound dressings, adhesion-preventing films, artificial skin, etc.), filters, industrial materials (wall cloth, decorative materials, etc.), esthetic materials (pack materials, etc.). Can be used for.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the method of the present invention is the method for producing and / or molding the fiber-reinforced composite material according to the first aspect. According to the production method of the present invention, a fiber-reinforced composite material containing bagworm silk thread can be easily produced and molded.
- the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention conforms to the conventional method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite, except that silk thread of Minomushi is used for the reinforcing fiber.
- silk thread of Minomushi is used for the reinforcing fiber.
- the production method usually used for CFRP or GFRP can be used as it is.
- Various manufacturing methods are known, but an appropriate method may be selected according to the purpose such as application and shape.
- a non-woven fabric of reinforcing fibers containing silk thread of Minomushi, or a woven fabric, knitted fabric, paper or the like selected as reinforcing fibers may be impregnated with an appropriate polymer matrix.
- the polymer matrix is a thermosetting resin, it becomes a semi-cured prepreg in which polymerization is not completed.
- the polymer matrix is a natural polymer such as a thermoplastic resin or collagen, the cured prepreg is polymerized.
- the main molding methods are sheet winding molding method, press molding method, autoclave molding method, RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) molding method, VaRTM (Vacuum Resin Transfer Molding) molding method, SMC (Sheet Molding Compound). Examples thereof include a molding method, a vacuum bag molding method, a hand lay-up molding method, and a fiber placement molding method.
- the “sheet winding molding method” is a molding method in which a prepreg is wound around a rotating mold (mandrel) while being impregnated with a polymer matrix, and decentered after curing.
- the "press molding method” is a method in which a compound or prepreg is placed in a mold and pressurized and heated for molding.
- the “autoclave molding method” is a method in which prepregs are laminated in a mold, covered with a bag, vacuum-removed from air and volatile substances existing in the autoclave, and pressurized and heated for molding.
- the "RTM molding method” is also called a resin injection molding method, in which a thermosetting resin melted in a closed system in which a reinforcing fiber preform is placed in a mold is introduced under low pressure, heat-cured, and then demolded. Is.
- the "VaRTM molding method” is a type of RTM method in which a sealed system in which reinforcing fibers are laminated is evacuated, a thermosetting resin is introduced, and the mold is removed after heat curing.
- the "SMC molding method” is a method of laminating and molding a sheet-like material composed of reinforcing fibers and a polymer matrix.
- the “vacuum back molding method” is a method in which a laminate sealed with a sealed film is evacuated and compression molded by atmospheric pressure.
- the "hand lay-up molding method” is a method in which prepregs are manually laminated on a molding die and cured.
- the "fiber placement molding method” is a method in which a tow impregnated with a tape-shaped prepreg or a polymer matrix is laminated on various three-dimensional molds and cured. Specific methods of these molding methods are all known methods in the field of fiber-reinforced composite materials, and they may be referred to.
- the manufacturing process of the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention includes a contact step as an essential step, and optionally includes a molding step, a curing step, and a mold removal step.
- a contact step as an essential step
- a molding step as an essential step
- a curing step as an essential step
- a mold removal step
- the "contact step” is a step of bringing the reinforcing fibers into contact with the polymer matrix.
- the contact method is not particularly limited as long as both components can be in direct contact with each other.
- the reinforcing fibers may be dispersed, immersed, or impregnated in the dissolved liquid polymer matrix, or the fiber bundles or sheets of the reinforcing fibers may be sandwiched between the sheets of the polymer matrix as in the SMC molding method.
- the above-mentioned prepreg is a sheet composed of reinforcing fibers impregnated with a polymer matrix, and the process is composed of only a contact process.
- the "molding step” refers to a step of molding a reinforcing fiber and / or a polymer matrix, which are constituents of a fiber-reinforced composite material, into a desired shape. This step is a selection step and is executed according to various manufacturing methods.
- a mold such as a mold is used, and molding is performed according to the mold. If necessary, reinforcing fibers and prepregs can be laminated and molded.
- the order of the molding process and the above-mentioned contact process differs depending on the manufacturing method and is not limited.
- the molding step is performed after the contact step.
- a contact step is performed after the molding step in order to introduce the polymer matrix into the mold after molding the preform of the reinforcing fiber with the mold. It may be done according to each manufacturing method.
- the “curing step” refers to a step of promoting and / or completing the polymerization reaction of the polymer matrix after the step. This step cures the polymer matrix and completes the fiber reinforced composite material.
- the curing step may include a heating step and / or a cooling step.
- the "heating step” is a step of promoting and / or completing the polymerization reaction by heating the polymer matrix. This is performed when a thermosetting resin is used for the polymer matrix.
- the polymer matrix is a thermoplastic resin or a natural polymer, the polymerization is released by heating and softened or melted on the contrary, so that this step can correspond to the contacting step or the molding step.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited. Although it depends on the type of polymer matrix used, it is usually performed in the range of 20 ° C to 250 ° C, 23 ° C to 200 ° C, 25 ° C to 180 ° C, 27 ° C to 150 ° C, or 30 ° C to 120 ° C. .. Further, the heating time is related to the heating temperature, and generally, the lower the temperature, the longer the time, and the higher the temperature, the shorter the heating time. Usually, it may be performed in the range of 0.5 hours to 48 hours, 1 hour to 42 hours, 1.5 hours to 36 hours, 2 hours to 30 hours, 2.5 hours to 24 hours, or 3 hours to 18 hours.
- the "cooling step” is a step of cooling the heated polymer matrix or curing it by cooling.
- a thermosetting resin is used for the polymer matrix
- it is executed when the fiber-reinforced composite material for which the thermosetting reaction has been completed is cooled in the heating step.
- a thermoplastic resin or a natural polymer is used for the polymer matrix, the polymerization reaction is promoted and / or completed by cooling, and the fiber-reinforced composite material is completed by curing the polymer matrix.
- the cooling temperature is not limited. Although it depends on the type of polymer matrix used, it is usually 260 ° C or lower, 200 ° C or lower, 180 ° C or lower, 150 ° C or lower, 120 ° C or lower, 100 ° C or lower, 90 ° C or lower, 80 ° C or lower, 70 ° C or lower, 60 °C or less, 50 °C or less, 40 °C or less, 35 °C or less, 30 °C or less, 27 °C or less, 25 °C or less, 23 °C or less, 20 °C or less, 18 °C or less, 15 °C or less, or 10 °C or less Just do it.
- the lower limit temperature is not particularly limited, but usually, it may be about 4 ° C, 0 ° C, -10 ° C, -15 ° C, or -20 ° C.
- the cooling time may be in the range of 0.1 hour to 1 hour, 0.2 hour to 0.9 hour, 0.3 hour to 0.8 hour, 0.4 hour to 0.7 hour, or 0.5 hour to 0.6 hour.
- the “demolding step” is a step of removing the fiber-reinforced composite material after the curing step from the mold. Specifically, in this step, the completed fiber-reinforced composite material is extracted from the mold and mandrel used in the molding step.
- the demolding method may follow a method known in the art.
- Example 1 Manufacture of fiber-reinforced composite material containing non-woven fabric of bagworm silk thread and its physical properties> (Purpose) A fiber-reinforced composite material containing a non-woven fabric of bagworm silk thread as a reinforcing fiber is produced, and its physical properties are verified.
- the non-woven fabric of bagworm silk thread was obtained by the following method. About 50 bagworms were released in a cubic breeding cage with a height of about 20 cm and bred for 7 days.
- the upper top plate of the breeding cage is made of acrylic and can be attached and detached. Since bagworms have the property of moving upward, they stay behind the cage top plate for a long time. As a result, a plurality of bagworms continue to spit out randomly on the back of the top plate, and after 7 days, a silk thread sheet is formed in which bagworm silk threads (scaffolding silk threads) are deposited. After spraying 70% ethanol on this silk thread sheet, it was carefully peeled from the top plate to obtain a non-woven fabric derived from bagworm silk thread (bagworm silk non-woven fabric: BSNF).
- bagworm silk non-woven fabric bagworm silk non-woven fabric: BSNF
- Ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) resin was used for the polymer matrix.
- Adhesive resin for hot guns (Tayo Denki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the EVA resin.
- a circular mold with a diameter of about 80 mm made of a 0.5 mm thick silicone rubber sheet was made, EVA resin was placed in the mold, and then pressure pressed at 100 ° C and about 2 MPa. Then, two EVA resin sheets were prepared.
- a laminated body (approximately 30 mm in length and width) consisting of 10 layers of non-woven fabric (BSNF) of bagworm silk thread as reinforcing fibers is sandwiched between EVA resin sheets, and pressed at about 2 MPa with two hot plates heated to 100 ° C. Pressed. It was cooled to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material (hereinafter referred to as "BSNF / EVA composite material”) film having a thickness of about 270 ⁇ m composed of BSNF and EVA resin.
- EVA resin a single EVA resin film of the same thickness
- strip-shaped test pieces having a width of about 1.5 mm and a length of about 20 mm were cut out from each of the films and used for a mechanical test.
- an arbitrary direction of the non-woven fabric was defined as the 0 ° direction, and the test piece was cut out along the 0 ° direction.
- the test pieces were similarly cut out along the angles of 30 °, 60 °, and 90 ° (cutout angles) clockwise with respect to the direction of 0 °.
- four types of test pieces with different cutting angles from the film were obtained every 30 °.
- the mass fraction of the reinforcing fiber with respect to the total mass of the test piece was calculated as the fiber content (mass%: wt%).
- “elastic modulus” means the initial elastic modulus. This corresponds to the relationship in which the force and the amount of deformation are proportional to each other when the sample is pulled, that is, the constant of proportionality in the deformation region that satisfies Hooke's law, and is given as the slope of the initial gradient of the stress-strain curve.
- maximum strength means the maximum stress immediately before breaking. In general, the larger the value, the stronger the stress that can be withstood.
- strain means the elongation at break, which is the elongation until the sample breaks. Generally, the larger the value, the better the growth.
- the strain (break elongation) of the BSNF / EVA composite material showed a value of about 40% for all the measured cut-out angle test pieces. This result suggests that the problem of low elongation at break when carbon fiber or glass fiber is used as the fiber-reinforced composite material can be remarkably improved by using the non-woven fabric of Minomushi silk thread.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ミノムシ絹糸を包含する不織布。
(2)高分子マトリクス、及びミノムシ絹糸を包含する不織布を含む繊維強化複合材料。
(3)前記ミノムシ絹糸が長繊維絹糸を含む、(2)に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
(4)前記不織布がミノムシ絹糸以外の有機繊維、無機繊維、又はその組み合わせを含む、(2)又は(3)に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
(5)前記有機繊維がカイコ絹糸及び/又はクモ糸である、(4)に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
(6)前記高分子マトリクスが樹脂、膠、デンプン、寒天、又はその組み合わせである、(2)~(5)のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
(7)繊維強化複合材料におけるミノムシ絹糸の質量分率が0.5質量%~50質量%である、(2)~(6)のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎となる日本国特許出願番号2019-046521号の開示内容を包含する。
1-1.概要
本発明の第1の態様は、繊維強化複合材料である。本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、ミノムシ絹糸を含む不織布を強化繊維基材として用いることを特徴とする。本発明によれば、高い強度と弾性率、及び従来のCFRPやGFRPにはなかった伸びの特性を有し、かつそれらの物性が等方的な繊維強化複合材料を提供することができる。
本明細書で頻用する用語を以下で定義する。
「繊維強化複合材料」とは、2種類以上の異なる素材、すなわち強化繊維と母材が互いに融合することなく、分離した状態で一体的に組み合わさった材料をいう。
1-3-1.構成成分
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、強化繊維、及び高分子マトリクスを必須の構成成分として含む。以下、各構成成分について説明をする。
(1)強化繊維
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、強化繊維として不織布を必須の構成繊維として含む。また、不織布以外にも異なる一以上の他の繊維を選択的な構成繊維として含むことができる。
不織布は、本発明の繊維強化複合材料における強化繊維として必須の構成繊維である。本発明では、この不織布がミノムシ絹糸を包含することを最大の特徴とする。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料を構成する強化繊維には、前記不織布の他にも異なる一以上の他の繊維を選択的な構成繊維として含むことができる。
高分子マトリクスは、有機高分子及び/又は無機高分子からなる母材をいうところ、本発明の繊維強化複合材料に使用する高分子マトリクスは、有機高分子、及び無機高分子のいずれか、又は両方を意味する。ここでいう有機高分子には、天然高分子と合成高分子が含まれる。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料における強化繊維と高分子マトリクスの配合比率は、特に限定しない。通常は、目標とする強化繊維の特性である高強度、高弾性率や伸び等に応じて、母材である高分子マトリクスに付与できる比率で配合すればよい。本発明の繊維強化複合材料では、高強度、高弾性率に加えて、ミノムシ絹糸の特性である伸びを高分子マトリクスに付与できる配合比率が好ましい。具体的には、繊維強化複合材料の全乾燥質量に対するミノムシ絹糸の質量分率が0.5質量%~50質量%、0.8質量%~40質量%、1質量%~35質量%、1.5質量%~30質量%、2質量%~28質量%、又は3質量%~25質量%である。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料の構造、すなわち繊維強化複合材料における強化繊維と高分子マトリクスの配置は特に限定しない。例えば、主要な強化繊維である不織布に液状の高分子マトリクスを含浸させたプリプレグ、そして強化繊維の配向が異なるように複数のプリプレグ等を積層し、構造物として一体化した状態等が挙げられる。また、上記構造に加えて、不織布以外の強化繊維が高分子マトリクス層内及び/又はその表面に分散した状態であってもよい。なお、前述のプリプレグは、本来、繊維強化複合材料の中間材料であるが、本明細書では繊維強化複合材料に包含する。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、強化繊維としてミノムシ絹糸を含む不織布を包含することで、従来のCFRPやGFRPでは見られない、強度、弾性率、及び伸びをバランス良く、高い値で有しており、かつそれらの物性が等方的な繊維強化複合材料を提供することができる。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、従来の繊維強化複合材料の用途をはじめとする様々な分野で利用することができる。例えば、スポーツ・レジャー(ゴルフシャフト、ラケット、釣竿、自転車部品等)、住宅(浴槽、浄化槽等)、土木建築(耐震補強材、軽量建材、壁、床補強材、トラス構造材等)、輸送機器(自動車、船、飛行機、ヘリコプター、高圧水素タンク等)、工業機材(筐体、家電部品、プリント基板、風力発電羽根等)、宇宙関連(ロケット、人工衛星等)が挙げられる。特に本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、高い強度と弾性率に加えて、従来のCFRPやGFRP等の繊維強化複合材料にはない「伸び」及び「タフネス性」の特性を有し、さらにそれらの物性が等方性を示すことから、強度、弾性率に加えて、伸びを必要とする材料分野での使用が好適である。
2-1.概要
本発明の第2の態様は、繊維強化複合材料の製造方法である。本発明の方法は、第1態様に記載の繊維強化複合材料の製造及び/又は成形方法である。本発明の製造方法によれば、ミノムシ絹糸を含む繊維強化複合材料を容易に製造、及び成形することができる。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料の製造方法は、強化繊維にミノムシ絹糸を用いることを除けば、基本製法は従来の繊維強化複合体の製造方法に準ずる。例えば、長繊維ミノムシ絹糸を強化繊維として用いる場合には、通常、CFRPやGFRPで使用される製造方法をそのまま利用することができる。製造方法には様々な方法が知られているが、用途や形状等の目的に応じて適切な方法を選択すればよい。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料の製造方法の製造工程は、接触工程を必須工程として含み、必要に応じて成形工程、硬化工程、及び脱型工程を含む。以下、各工程を具体的に説明する。
「接触工程」とは、強化繊維と高分子マトリクスを接触させる工程である。両成分が直接接触できれば接触方法は特に限定されない。溶解した液状の高分子マトリクスに強化繊維を分散、浸漬、又は含浸してもよいし、SMC成形法のように強化繊維の繊維束又はシートを高分子マトリクスのシート間に挟み込んでもよい。
「成形工程」は、繊維強化複合材料の構成成分である強化繊維及び/又は高分子マトリクスを所望の形状に成形する工程をいう。本工程は選択工程であり、各種製法に応じて実行される。
「硬化工程」は、前記工程後に高分子マトリクスの重合反応を促進及び/又は完了させる工程をいう。本工程により高分子マトリクスが硬化し、繊維強化複合材料が完成する。硬化工程は、加熱ステップ及び/又は冷却ステップを含み得る。
「脱型工程」は、前記硬化工程後の繊維強化複合材料を型から外す工程である。具体的には、本工程で、成形工程時に使用した金型やマンドレルから完成した繊維強化複合材料を抜き出す。脱型方法は、当該分野で公知の方法に従えばよい。
(目的)
ミノムシ絹糸の不織布を強化繊維として含む繊維強化複合材料を作製し、その物性を検証する。
ミノムシは、茨城県つくば市内の果樹農園で採集したオオミノガの幼虫(ミノ長10~15mm)を使用した。
BSNF/EVA複合材料の各試験片における総質量に対する強化繊維の質量分率は4.3wt%であった。
BSNF/EVA複合材料とEVA樹脂の前記各試験片についての力学試験の結果をそれぞれ表1及び表2に示す。また、0°方向で切り出した試験片の応力ひずみ曲線を図1に示す。
EVA樹脂、及びBSNF/EVA複合材料共に、試験片の切出し角による弾性率と最大強度の力学特性上の違い、すなわち異方性は、ほとんど認められなかった。また、BSNF/EVA複合材料の弾性率及び最大強度は、全ての切出し角の試験片において、EVA樹脂のそれと比較して約2倍高い値を示した。これは、BSNF/EVA複合材料がEVA樹脂よりも硬く、強いことを示している。これらの結果から、ミノムシ絹糸の不織布を強化繊維に用いることで、EVA樹脂に硬さ(高弾性率)と強さ(高強度)を、等方的に付与できることが確認された。
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許及び特許出願はそのまま引用により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする。
Claims (7)
- ミノムシ絹糸を包含する不織布。
- 高分子マトリクス、及びミノムシ絹糸を包含する不織布を含む繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記ミノムシ絹糸が長繊維絹糸を含む、請求項2に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記不織布がミノムシ絹糸以外の有機繊維、無機繊維、又はその組み合わせを含む、請求項2又は3に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記有機繊維がカイコ絹糸及び/又はクモ糸である、請求項4に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記高分子マトリクスが樹脂、膠、デンプン、寒天、又はその組み合わせである、請求項2~5のいずれか一項に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 繊維強化複合材料におけるミノムシ絹糸の質量分率が0.5質量%~50質量%である、請求項2~6のいずれか一項に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
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| CN118407171A (zh) * | 2024-04-22 | 2024-07-30 | 上海蚕达科技集团有限公司 | 一种防粘毛云蚕丝的生产工艺 |
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