WO2020213976A1 - Bdpcm을 이용한 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 - Google Patents
Bdpcm을 이용한 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
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- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus, and more particularly, by a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image using block difference pulse code modulation (BDPCM), and an image encoding method/apparatus of the present disclosure. It relates to a method of transmitting the generated bitstream.
- BDPCM block difference pulse code modulation
- a high-efficiency image compression technique is required for effectively transmitting, storing, and reproducing information of high-resolution and high-quality images.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus with improved encoding/decoding efficiency.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image using BDPCM.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a video encoding/decoding method and apparatus for efficiently signaling BDPCM related information.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing BDPCM after deriving a prediction direction of BDPCM based on an intra prediction mode or a block size.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for efficiently encoding a residual signal of a block to which BDPCM is applied.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream that is received and decoded by an image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used for image restoration.
- An image decoding method is an image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus, and includes first information indicating whether block difference pulse code modulation (BDPCM) is applied to an intra-predicted current block. Parsing from a bitstream, when the first information indicates that BDPCM is applied to the current block, determining a prediction direction of BDPCM for the current block, and based on the determined prediction direction of the BDPCM, the current Generating a residual block of a block, generating a prediction block of the current block by performing intra prediction based on an intra prediction mode of the current block, and based on the residual block and the prediction block, the It may include the step of restoring the current block.
- BDPCM block difference pulse code modulation
- the first information is parsed only when a non-zero residual signal exists in the current block, and when a non-zero residual signal does not exist in the current block, the first information It may be determined that parsing of the first information is skipped and BDPCM is not applied to the current block.
- whether there is a non-zero residual signal in the current block may be determined based on information parsed from the bitstream.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined based on second information parsed from the bitstream.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM and the prediction direction of the intra prediction mode may be the same.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined based on the intra prediction mode.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the prediction direction of the intra prediction mode is a vertical direction, the prediction direction of the BDPCM is determined as a vertical direction, and when the prediction direction of the intra prediction mode is a horizontal direction, the BDPCM A prediction direction of is determined in a horizontal direction, and when the intra prediction mode is a non-directional mode, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined in a predetermined direction.
- the predetermined direction may be a predefined direction or a direction derived based on information signaled at a higher level of the current block.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined based on the size of the current block.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the width of the current block is W and the height is H, when W is greater than H, the prediction direction of the BDPCM is determined in the horizontal direction, and when H is greater than W , The prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined in a vertical direction.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the width of the current block is W and the height is H, and when W/H is greater than or equal to a predetermined integer N, the prediction direction of the BDPCM is determined as a vertical direction, and W/ When H is less than 1/N, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined in a horizontal direction.
- An image decoding apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor, and the at least one processor parses first information indicating whether BDPCM is applied to the intra-predicted current block from the bitstream. And, when the first information indicates that BDPCM is applied to the current block, a prediction direction of BDPCM for the current block is determined, and a residual block of the current block based on the determined prediction direction of the BDPCM. And performing intra prediction based on the intra prediction mode of the current block to generate a prediction block of the current block, and reconstruct the current block based on the residual block and the prediction block.
- a video encoding method includes determining whether BDPCM is applied to a current block, and determining a prediction direction of BDPCM for the current block when BDPCM is applied to the current block. Generating a prediction block of the current block by performing intra prediction based on the intra prediction mode of the current block, generating a residual block of the current block based on the prediction block, the determined BDPCM It may include encoding a residual block of the current block based on the prediction direction of, and encoding first information indicating whether BDPCM is applied to the current block.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM and the prediction direction of the intra prediction mode may be the same.
- a transmission method may transmit a bitstream generated by the image encoding apparatus or image encoding method of the present disclosure.
- a computer-readable recording medium may store a bitstream generated by the image encoding method or image encoding apparatus of the present disclosure.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus with improved encoding/decoding efficiency may be provided.
- a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image using BDPCM may be provided.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for efficiently signaling BDPCM related information may be provided.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing BDPCM may be provided.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for efficiently encoding a residual signal of a block to which BDPCM is applied may be provided.
- a method for transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium may be provided that stores a bitstream that is received and decoded by the image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used for image restoration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a video coding system to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a video decoding procedure applicable to an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an image encoding procedure applicable to an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a video/video encoding method based on intra prediction.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of an intra prediction unit 185 according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a video/video decoding method based on intra prediction.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of an intra prediction unit 265 according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an intra prediction direction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an intra prediction direction according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a method of encoding a residual sample of BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 shows a modified quantized residual block generated by performing BDPCM of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for encoding a current block by applying BDPCM in an image encoding apparatus.
- 15 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for restoring a current block by applying BDPCM in an image decoding apparatus.
- 16 is a diagram schematically showing information on BDPCM included in the syntax structure of the current block.
- 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of encoding/decoding BDPCM related information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a method of inducing a prediction direction of a BDPCM based on an intra prediction direction of a current block according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of inducing an intra prediction mode of a current block based on a prediction direction of BDPCM according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 20 is a flowchart illustrating a method of inducing a prediction direction of a BDPCM based on the size of a current block according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 21 is a diagram for describing a CABAC entropy encoding method.
- 22 and 23 are diagrams for explaining a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 24 is a flowchart illustrating a method of defining a template and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter in consideration of a prediction direction of BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- 25 and 26 are diagrams for explaining a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a method for defining a template in consideration of a line of BDPCM and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter according to the present disclosure.
- 28 and 29 are diagrams for describing a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart illustrating a method of defining a template and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter in consideration of whether surrounding pixels are included in the first line of the BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- 31 and 32 are diagrams for explaining a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating a method of defining a template and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter in consideration of whether a prediction direction of BDPCM and surrounding pixels are included in the first line of BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.
- first and second are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components, and do not limit the order or importance of the components unless otherwise stated. Accordingly, within the scope of the present disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment is a first component in another embodiment. It can also be called.
- components that are distinguished from each other are intended to clearly describe each feature, and do not necessarily mean that the components are separated. That is, a plurality of components may be integrated to be formed in one hardware or software unit, or one component may be distributed in a plurality of hardware or software units. Therefore, even if not stated otherwise, such integrated or distributed embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- the components described in various embodiments do not necessarily mean essential components, and some may be optional components. Accordingly, an embodiment consisting of a subset of components described in an embodiment is also included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, embodiments including other elements in addition to the elements described in the various embodiments are included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of an image, and terms used in the present disclosure may have a common meaning commonly used in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs unless newly defined in the present disclosure.
- a "picture” generally means a unit representing one image in a specific time zone, and a slice/tile/subpicture is a coding unit constituting a part of a picture.
- One picture may be composed of one or more slices/tiles/subpictures.
- a slice/tile/subpicture may include one or more coding tree units (CTU).
- CTU coding tree units
- pixel or “pel” may mean a minimum unit constituting one picture (or image).
- sample may be used as a term corresponding to a pixel.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a value of a pixel, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- unit may represent a basic unit of image processing.
- the unit may include at least one of a specific area of a picture and information related to the corresponding area.
- the unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as “sample array”, “block”, or “area” depending on the case.
- the MxN block may include samples (or sample arrays) consisting of M columns and N rows, or a set (or array) of transform coefficients.
- current block may mean one of “current coding block”, “current coding unit”, “coding object block”, “decoding object block”, or “processing object block”.
- current block may mean “current prediction block” or “prediction target block”.
- transformation inverse transformation
- quantization inverse quantization
- current block may mean “current transform block” or “transform target block”.
- filtering is performed, “current block” may mean “block to be filtered”.
- current block may mean “a luma block of the current block” unless explicitly stated as a chroma block.
- the "chroma block of the current block” may be expressed by including an explicit description of a chroma block, such as “chroma block” or "current chroma block”.
- FIG. 1 shows a video coding system according to this disclosure.
- a video coding system may include an encoding device 10 and a decoding device 20.
- the encoding device 10 may transmit the encoded video and/or image information or data in a file or streaming format to the decoding device 20 through a digital storage medium or a network.
- the encoding apparatus 10 may include a video source generator 11, an encoder 12, and a transmission unit 13.
- the decoding apparatus 20 may include a receiving unit 21, a decoding unit 22, and a rendering unit 23.
- the encoder 12 may be referred to as a video/image encoder, and the decoder 22 may be referred to as a video/image decoder.
- the transmission unit 13 may be included in the encoding unit 12.
- the receiving unit 21 may be included in the decoding unit 22.
- the rendering unit 23 may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or an external component.
- the video source generator 11 may acquire a video/image through a process of capturing, synthesizing, or generating a video/image.
- the video source generator 11 may include a video/image capturing device and/or a video/image generating device.
- the video/image capture device may include, for example, one or more cameras, a video/image archive including previously captured video/images, and the like.
- the video/image generating device may include, for example, a computer, a tablet and a smartphone, and may (electronically) generate a video/image.
- a virtual video/image may be generated through a computer or the like, and in this case, a video/image capturing process may be substituted as a process of generating related data.
- the encoder 12 may encode an input video/image.
- the encoder 12 may perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization for compression and encoding efficiency.
- the encoder 12 may output encoded data (coded video/image information) in a bitstream format.
- the transmission unit 13 may transmit the encoded video/image information or data output in the form of a bitstream to the receiving unit 21 of the decoding apparatus 20 through a digital storage medium or a network in a file or streaming form.
- Digital storage media may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- the transmission unit 13 may include an element for generating a media file through a predetermined file format, and may include an element for transmission through a broadcast/communication network.
- the receiving unit 21 may extract/receive the bitstream from the storage medium or network and transmit it to the decoding unit 22.
- the decoder 22 may decode the video/image by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoder 12.
- the rendering unit 23 may render the decoded video/image.
- the rendered video/image may be displayed through the display unit.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image encoding apparatus 100 includes an image segmentation unit 110, a subtraction unit 115, a transform unit 120, a quantization unit 130, an inverse quantization unit 140, and an inverse transform unit ( 150), an addition unit 155, a filtering unit 160, a memory 170, an inter prediction unit 180, an intra prediction unit 185, and an entropy encoding unit 190.
- the inter prediction unit 180 and the intra prediction unit 185 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the transform unit 120, the quantization unit 130, the inverse quantization unit 140, and the inverse transform unit 150 may be included in a residual processing unit.
- the residual processing unit may further include a subtraction unit 115.
- All or at least some of the plurality of constituent units constituting the image encoding apparatus 100 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, an encoder or a processor) according to embodiments.
- the memory 170 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- the image dividing unit 110 may divide an input image (or picture, frame) input to the image encoding apparatus 100 into one or more processing units.
- the processing unit may be referred to as a coding unit (CU).
- the coding unit is a coding tree unit (CTU) or a largest coding unit (LCU) recursively according to a QT/BT/TT (Quad-tree/binary-tree/ternary-tree) structure ( It can be obtained by dividing recursively.
- one coding unit may be divided into a plurality of coding units of a deeper depth based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary tree structure.
- a quad tree structure may be applied first, and a binary tree structure and/or a ternary tree structure may be applied later.
- the coding procedure according to the present disclosure may be performed based on the final coding unit that is no longer divided.
- the largest coding unit may be directly used as the final coding unit, or a coding unit of a lower depth obtained by dividing the largest coding unit may be used as the final cornet unit.
- the coding procedure may include a procedure such as prediction, transformation, and/or restoration described later.
- the processing unit of the coding procedure may be a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- Each of the prediction unit and the transform unit may be divided or partitioned from the final coding unit.
- the prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction
- the transform unit may be a unit for inducing a transform coefficient and/or a unit for inducing a residual signal from the transform coefficient.
- the prediction unit (inter prediction unit 180 or intra prediction unit 185) performs prediction on a block to be processed (current block), and generates a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block. Can be generated.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied in units of the current block or CU.
- the prediction unit may generate various information on prediction of the current block and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190.
- the information on prediction may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the intra prediction unit 185 may predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in a neighborhood of the current block or may be located away from each other according to an intra prediction mode and/or an intra prediction technique.
- the intra prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may include, for example, a DC mode and a planar mode (Planar mode).
- the directional mode may include, for example, 33 directional prediction modes or 65 directional prediction modes, depending on the degree of detail of the prediction direction. However, this is an example, and more or less directional prediction modes may be used depending on the setting.
- the intra prediction unit 185 may determine a prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.
- the inter prediction unit 180 may derive a predicted block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on a correlation between motion information between a neighboring block and a current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring block may include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture.
- the reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different from each other.
- the temporal neighboring block may be referred to as a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), or the like.
- a reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be referred to as a collocated picture (colPic).
- the inter prediction unit 180 constructs a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and provides information indicating which candidate is used to derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block. Can be generated. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes.
- the inter prediction unit 180 may use motion information of a neighboring block as motion information of a current block.
- a residual signal may not be transmitted.
- motion vector prediction (MVP) mode motion vectors of neighboring blocks are used as motion vector predictors, and indicators for motion vector difference and motion vector predictors ( indicator) to signal the motion vector of the current block.
- the motion vector difference may mean a difference between a motion vector of a current block and a motion vector predictor.
- the prediction unit may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods and/or prediction techniques to be described later. For example, the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of the current block, and may simultaneously apply intra prediction and inter prediction. A prediction method in which intra prediction and inter prediction are applied simultaneously for prediction of a current block may be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Also, the prediction unit may perform intra block copy (IBC) for prediction of the current block. The intra block copy may be used for content image/movie coding such as games, such as, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC is a method of predicting a current block by using a reference block that has been reconstructed in a current picture located a predetermined distance from the current block.
- CIIP combined inter and intra prediction
- IBC intra block copy
- the intra block copy may be used for content image/movie coding such as games, such as, for example, screen content coding (SCC).
- IBC is a method of predicting a current block by using
- the position of the reference block in the current picture may be encoded as a vector (block vector) corresponding to the predetermined distance.
- IBC basically performs prediction in the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block in the current picture. That is, the IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this disclosure.
- the prediction signal generated through the prediction unit may be used to generate a reconstructed signal or may be used to generate a residual signal.
- the subtraction unit 115 subtracts the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit from the input image signal (original block, original sample array), and subtracts a residual signal (remaining block, residual sample array). ) Can be created.
- the generated residual signal may be transmitted to the converter 120.
- the transform unit 120 may generate transform coefficients by applying a transform technique to the residual signal.
- the transformation technique uses at least one of DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), DST (Discrete Sine Transform), KLT (Karhunen-Loeve Transform), GBT (Graph-Based Transform), or CNT (Conditionally Non-linear Transform).
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- DST Discrete Sine Transform
- KLT Kerhunen-Loeve Transform
- GBT Graph-Based Transform
- CNT Conditionally Non-linear Transform
- GBT refers to the transformation obtained from this graph when the relationship information between pixels is expressed in a graph.
- CNT refers to a transformation obtained based on generating a prediction signal using all previously reconstructed pixels.
- the conversion process may be applied to a block of pixels having the same size of a square, or may be applied to a block of a variable size other than a square.
- the quantization unit 130 may quantize the transform coefficients and transmit the quantization to the entropy encoding unit 190.
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may encode a quantized signal (information on quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream.
- the information on the quantized transform coefficients may be called residual information.
- the quantization unit 130 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in the form of a block into a one-dimensional vector form based on a coefficient scan order, and the quantized transform coefficients in the form of the one-dimensional vector It is also possible to generate information about transform coefficients.
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may perform various encoding methods such as exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may encode together or separately information necessary for video/image restoration (eg, values of syntax elements) in addition to quantized transform coefficients.
- the encoded information (eg, encoded video/video information) may be transmitted or stored in a bitstream format in units of network abstraction layer (NAL) units.
- the video/video information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/video information may further include general constraint information.
- the signaling information, transmitted information, and/or syntax elements mentioned in the present disclosure may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted through a network or may be stored in a digital storage medium.
- the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- a transmission unit (not shown) for transmitting the signal output from the entropy encoding unit 190 and/or a storage unit (not shown) for storing may be provided as an inner/outer element of the image encoding apparatus 100, or transmission The unit may be provided as a component of the entropy encoding unit 190.
- the quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit 130 may be used to generate a residual signal.
- a residual signal residual block or residual samples
- inverse quantization and inverse transform residual transforms
- the addition unit 155 adds the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185 to obtain a reconstructed signal (a reconstructed picture, a reconstructed block, and a reconstructed sample array). Can be generated.
- a reconstructed signal (a reconstructed picture, a reconstructed block, and a reconstructed sample array).
- the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block.
- the addition unit 155 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, and may be used for inter prediction of the next picture through filtering as described later.
- the filtering unit 160 may apply filtering to the reconstructed signal to improve subjective/objective image quality.
- the filtering unit 160 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and the modified reconstructed picture may be converted to the memory 170, specifically, the DPB of the memory 170. Can be saved on.
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, and the like.
- the filtering unit 160 may generate a variety of filtering information and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190 as described later in the description of each filtering method.
- the filtering information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the modified reconstructed picture transmitted to the memory 170 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180.
- the image encoding apparatus 100 may avoid prediction mismatch between the image encoding apparatus 100 and the image decoding apparatus, and may improve encoding efficiency.
- the DPB in the memory 170 may store a reconstructed picture modified to be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180.
- the memory 170 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in a current picture is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a picture that have already been reconstructed.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 180 to be used as motion information of spatial neighboring blocks or motion information of temporal neighboring blocks.
- the memory 170 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 185.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 includes an entropy decoding unit 210, an inverse quantization unit 220, an inverse transform unit 230, an addition unit 235, a filtering unit 240, and a memory 250. ), an inter prediction unit 260 and an intra prediction unit 265 may be included.
- the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the inverse quantization unit 220 and the inverse transform unit 230 may be included in the residual processing unit.
- All or at least some of the plurality of constituent units constituting the image decoding apparatus 200 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, a decoder or a processor) according to embodiments.
- the memory 170 may include a DPB and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 receiving a bitstream including video/image information may reconstruct an image by performing a process corresponding to the process performed by the image encoding apparatus 100 of FIG. 2.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the image encoding apparatus.
- the processing unit of decoding may be, for example, a coding unit.
- the coding unit may be a coding tree unit or may be obtained by dividing the largest coding unit.
- the reconstructed image signal decoded and output through the image decoding apparatus 200 may be reproduced through a reproduction device (not shown).
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may receive a signal output from the image encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream.
- the received signal may be decoded through the entropy decoding unit 210.
- the entropy decoding unit 210 may parse the bitstream to derive information (eg, video/video information) necessary for image restoration (or picture restoration).
- the video/video information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/video information may further include general constraint information.
- the image decoding apparatus may additionally use information on the parameter set and/or the general restriction information to decode an image.
- the signaling information, received information and/or syntax elements mentioned in the present disclosure may be obtained from the bitstream by being decoded through the decoding procedure.
- the entropy decoding unit 210 decodes information in the bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb coding, CAVLC, or CABAC, and a value of a syntax element required for image restoration, a quantized value of a transform coefficient related to a residual. Can be printed.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in a bitstream, and includes information on the syntax element to be decoded, information on decoding information of a neighboring block and a block to be decoded, or information on a symbol/bin decoded in a previous step.
- the context model is determined by using and, according to the determined context model, the probability of occurrence of bins is predicted to perform arithmetic decoding of bins to generate symbols corresponding to the values of each syntax element. I can.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method may update the context model using information of the decoded symbol/bin for the context model of the next symbol/bin after the context model is determined.
- the entropy decoding unit 210 Among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210, information on prediction is provided to the prediction unit (inter prediction unit 260 and intra prediction unit 265), and the register on which entropy decoding is performed by the entropy decoding unit 210 Dual values, that is, quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information may be input to the inverse quantization unit 220. In addition, information about filtering among information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210 may be provided to the filtering unit 240.
- a receiving unit for receiving a signal output from the image encoding device may be additionally provided as an inner/outer element of the image decoding device 200, or the receiving unit is provided as a component of the entropy decoding unit 210 It could be.
- the video decoding apparatus may include an information decoder (video/video/picture information decoder) and/or a sample decoder (video/video/picture sample decoder).
- the information decoder may include an entropy decoding unit 210, and the sample decoder includes an inverse quantization unit 220, an inverse transform unit 230, an addition unit 235, a filtering unit 240, a memory 250, It may include at least one of the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265.
- the inverse quantization unit 220 may inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients and output transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantization unit 220 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients into a two-dimensional block shape. In this case, the rearrangement may be performed based on a coefficient scan order performed by the image encoding apparatus.
- the inverse quantization unit 220 may perform inverse quantization on quantized transform coefficients by using a quantization parameter (eg, quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.
- a quantization parameter eg, quantization step size information
- the inverse transform unit 230 may inversely transform transform coefficients to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array).
- the prediction unit may perform prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the prediction information output from the entropy decoding unit 210, and determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode (prediction technique). I can.
- the prediction unit can generate the prediction signal based on various prediction methods (techniques) described later.
- the intra prediction unit 265 may predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture.
- the description of the intra prediction unit 185 may be equally applied to the intra prediction unit 265.
- the inter prediction unit 260 may derive a predicted block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on a correlation between motion information between a neighboring block and a current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring block may include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture.
- the inter prediction unit 260 may construct a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information.
- Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes (techniques), and the information about the prediction may include information indicating a mode (technique) of inter prediction for the current block.
- the addition unit 235 is reconstructed by adding the obtained residual signal to the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit 260 and/or the intra prediction unit 265). Signals (restored pictures, reconstructed blocks, reconstructed sample arrays) can be generated. When there is no residual for a block to be processed, such as when the skip mode is applied, the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block.
- the description of the addition unit 155 may be equally applied to the addition unit 235.
- the addition unit 235 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, and may be used for inter prediction of the next picture through filtering as described later.
- the filtering unit 240 may apply filtering to the reconstructed signal to improve subjective/objective image quality.
- the filtering unit 240 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and the modified reconstructed picture may be converted to the memory 250, specifically the DPB of the memory 250. Can be saved on.
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, and the like.
- the (modified) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory 250 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 260.
- the memory 250 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in a current picture is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a picture that have already been reconstructed.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 260 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 250 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture, and may be transmitted to the intra prediction unit 265.
- embodiments described in the filtering unit 160, the inter prediction unit 180, and the intra prediction unit 185 of the image encoding apparatus 100 are respectively the filtering unit 240 of the image decoding apparatus 200, The same or corresponding to the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be applied.
- pictures constituting the video/video may be encoded/decoded according to a series of decoding orders.
- a picture order corresponding to an output order of a decoded picture may be set differently from the decoding order, and based on this, not only forward prediction but also backward prediction may be performed during inter prediction.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a video decoding procedure applicable to an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- step S410 may be performed by the entropy decoding unit 210 of the image decoding apparatus
- step S420 may be performed by the prediction units 260 and 265
- step S430 may be performed by the residual processing units 220 and 230
- step S440 may be performed by the adding unit 235
- step S450 may be performed by the filtering unit 240.
- Step S410 may include the information decoding (parsing) procedure described in the present disclosure
- step S420 may include the inter/intra prediction procedure described in the present disclosure
- step S430 may include the residual processing described in the present disclosure.
- a procedure may be included, and step S440 may include a block/picture restoration procedure described in the present disclosure, and step S450 may include an in-loop filtering procedure described in the present disclosure.
- the image decoding procedure is schematically a procedure for obtaining image/video information (through decoding) from a bitstream (S410), an image (picture) restoration procedure (S420 to S440), and a reconstructed image (picture). It may include an in-loop filtering procedure (S450) for.
- the image restoration procedure is based on prediction samples obtained through inter/intra prediction (S420) and residual samples obtained through a residual processing (S430, inverse quantization and/or inverse transformation of a quantized transform coefficient). Can be done.
- a modified reconstructed picture may be generated through an in-loop filtering procedure (S450) for the reconstructed picture generated through the image restoration procedure, and the modified reconstructed picture may be output as a decoded picture.
- the in-loop filtering procedure includes a deblocking filtering procedure, a sample adaptive offset (SAO) procedure, an adaptive loop filter (ALF) procedure, and/or a bi-lateral filter procedure, as described above.
- the deblocking filtering procedure may be sequentially applied, or all of them may be sequentially applied.
- SAO sample adaptive offset
- ALF adaptive loop filter
- bi-lateral filter procedure may be sequentially applied, or all of them may be sequentially applied.
- SAO sample adaptive offset
- ALF adaptive loop filter
- bi-lateral filter procedure may be sequentially applied, or all of them may be sequentially applied.
- the SAO procedure may be performed after the deblocking filtering procedure is applied to the reconstructed picture.
- the ALF procedure may be performed. This can be similarly performed in an image encoding apparatus.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an image encoding procedure applicable to an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- step S510 may be performed by the prediction units 180 and 185 of the image encoding apparatus
- step S520 may be performed by the residual processing units 115, 120 and 130
- step S530 may be performed by the entropy encoding unit. It can be done at 190.
- Step S510 may include the inter/intra prediction procedure described in this disclosure
- step S520 may include the residual processing procedure described in this disclosure
- step S530 includes the information encoding procedure described in this disclosure can do.
- the image encoding procedure is not only a procedure of encoding information for picture restoration (ex. prediction information, residual information, partitioning information, etc.) and outputting it in a bitstream format, as well as a reconstructed picture for a current picture.
- a procedure of generating and applying in-loop filtering to a reconstructed picture may be included.
- the image encoding apparatus may derive (modified) residual samples from the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantization unit 140 and the inverse transform unit 150, and prediction samples that are outputs of step S510 and the (modified) A reconstructed picture may be generated based on the residual samples.
- the reconstructed picture generated in this way may be the same as the reconstructed picture generated by the above-described video decoding apparatus.
- a modified reconstructed picture can be generated through an in-loop filtering procedure for the reconstructed picture, which can be stored in a decoded picture buffer (DPB) 170 or a memory, and, as in the case of a video decoding apparatus, a subsequent picture It can be used as a reference picture in an inter prediction procedure upon encoding of. As described above, in some cases, some or all of the in-loop filtering procedure may be omitted.
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- (in-loop) filtering-related information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream, and the image decoding apparatus
- the in-loop filtering procedure may be performed in the same way as the image encoding apparatus.
- noise generated during video/video coding such as blocking artifacts and ringing artifacts can be reduced, and subjective/objective visual quality can be improved.
- the image encoding device and the image decoding device can derive the same prediction result, increase the reliability of picture coding, and must be transmitted for picture coding. You can reduce the amount of data you need
- the image decoding apparatus may perform an image (picture) restoration procedure.
- a reconstructed block may be generated based on intra prediction/inter prediction for each block, and a reconstructed picture including the reconstructed blocks may be generated.
- the current picture/slice/tile group is an I picture/slice/tile group
- blocks included in the current picture/slice/tile group may be reconstructed based only on intra prediction.
- the current picture/slice/tile group is a P or B picture/slice/tile group
- blocks included in the current picture/slice/tile group may be reconstructed based on intra prediction or inter prediction.
- inter prediction may be applied to some blocks in the current picture/slice/tile group, and intra prediction may be applied to the remaining blocks.
- the color component of a picture may include a luma component and a chroma component, and methods and embodiments according to the present disclosure may be applied to the luma component and the chroma component unless explicitly limited in the present disclosure.
- Intra prediction may indicate prediction of generating prediction samples for a current block based on reference samples in a picture (hereinafter, referred to as a current picture) to which the current block belongs.
- a current picture a picture to which the current block belongs.
- surrounding reference samples to be used for intra prediction of the current block may be derived.
- the neighboring reference samples of the current block are a sample adjacent to the left boundary of the current block of size nWxnH, a total of 2xnH samples adjacent to the bottom-left, and a sample adjacent to the top boundary of the current block. And a total of 2xnW samples adjacent to the top-right side and one sample adjacent to the top-left side of the current block.
- the peripheral reference samples of the current block may include a plurality of columns of upper peripheral samples and a plurality of rows of left peripheral samples.
- the neighboring reference samples of the current block are a total of nH samples adjacent to the right boundary of the current block of size nWxnH, a total of nW samples adjacent to the bottom boundary of the current block, and the lower right side of the current block. It may include one sample adjacent to (bottom-right).
- the decoder may construct neighboring reference samples to be used for prediction by substituting samples that are not available with available samples.
- surrounding reference samples to be used for prediction may be configured through interpolation of available samples.
- a prediction sample can be derived based on an average or interpolation of neighboring reference samples of the current block, and (ii) neighboring reference samples of the current block Among them, the prediction sample may be derived based on a reference sample existing in a specific (prediction) direction with respect to the prediction sample.
- it may be called a non-directional mode or a non-angular mode
- it may be called a directional mode or an angular mode.
- LIP linear interpolation intra prediction
- chroma prediction samples may be generated based on luma samples using a linear model. This case may be referred to as LM (Linear Model) mode.
- LM Linear Model
- a temporary prediction sample of the current block is derived based on the filtered surrounding reference samples, and at least one of the existing surrounding reference samples, that is, unfiltered surrounding reference samples, derived according to the intra prediction mode.
- a prediction sample of the current block may be derived by weighted sum of a reference sample and the temporary prediction sample. This case may be called PDPC (Position dependent intra prediction).
- a reference sample line having the highest prediction accuracy among the neighboring multi-reference sample lines of the current block may be selected, and a prediction sample may be derived using a reference sample positioned in the prediction direction from the corresponding line.
- information on the used reference sample line eg, intra_luma_ref_idx
- MRL multi-reference line intra prediction
- reference samples may be derived from a reference sample line directly adjacent to the current block, and in this case, information about the reference sample line may not be signaled.
- the current block may be divided into vertical or horizontal subpartitions, and intra prediction may be performed for each subpartition based on the same intra prediction mode.
- neighboring reference samples of intra prediction may be derived for each subpartition. That is, a reconstructed sample of the previous subpartition in the encoding/decoding order may be used as a neighboring reference sample of the current subpartition.
- the intra prediction mode for the current block is equally applied to the subpartitions, but by deriving and using neighboring reference samples in units of the subpartitions, intra prediction performance may be improved in some cases.
- This prediction method may be referred to as intra sub-partitions (ISP) or ISP-based intra prediction.
- intra prediction techniques may be referred to in various terms such as an intra prediction type or an additional intra prediction mode in distinction from a directional or non-directional intra prediction mode.
- the intra prediction technique may include at least one of the aforementioned LIP, LM, PDPC, MRL, and ISP.
- the general intra prediction method excluding specific intra prediction types such as LIP, LM, PDPC, MRL, and ISP may be referred to as a normal intra prediction type.
- the normal intra prediction type may be generally applied when the specific intra prediction type as described above is not applied, and prediction may be performed based on the aforementioned intra prediction mode. Meanwhile, post-processing filtering may be performed on the derived prediction samples as necessary.
- the intra prediction procedure may include determining an intra prediction mode/type, deriving a neighboring reference sample, and deriving an intra prediction mode/type based prediction sample. Also, a post-filtering step may be performed on the derived prediction samples as necessary.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a video/video encoding method based on intra prediction.
- the encoding method of FIG. 6 may be performed by the video encoding apparatus of FIG. 2. Specifically, step S610 may be performed by the intra prediction unit 185, and step S620 may be performed by the residual processing unit. Specifically, step S620 may be performed by the subtraction unit 115. Step S630 may be performed by the entropy encoding unit 190.
- the prediction information of step S630 may be derived by the intra prediction unit 185, and the residual information of step S630 may be derived by the residual processing unit.
- the residual information is information on the residual samples.
- the residual information may include information on quantized transform coefficients for the residual samples.
- the residual samples may be derived as transform coefficients through the transform unit 120 of the image encoding apparatus, and the transform coefficients may be derived as quantized transform coefficients through the quantization unit 130.
- Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 through a residual coding procedure.
- the image encoding apparatus may perform intra prediction on the current block (S610).
- the video encoding apparatus determines an intra prediction mode/type for the current block, derives neighboring reference samples of the current block, and then generates prediction samples in the current block based on the intra prediction mode/type and the neighboring reference samples. can do.
- the procedure of determining the intra prediction mode/type, deriving neighboring reference samples, and generating prediction samples may be simultaneously performed, or one procedure may be performed before the other procedure.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of an intra prediction unit 185 according to the present disclosure.
- the intra prediction unit 185 of the video encoding apparatus may include an intra prediction mode/type determination unit 186, a reference sample derivation unit 187 and/or a prediction sample derivation unit 188.
- the intra prediction mode/type determiner 186 may determine an intra prediction mode/type for the current block.
- the reference sample derivation unit 187 may derive neighboring reference samples of the current block.
- the prediction sample derivation unit 188 may derive prediction samples of the current block.
- the intra prediction unit 185 may further include a prediction sample filter unit (not shown).
- the image encoding apparatus may determine a mode/type applied to the current block from among a plurality of intra prediction modes/types.
- the video encoding apparatus may compare RD costs for the intra prediction modes/types and determine an optimal intra prediction mode/type for the current block.
- the image encoding apparatus may perform a prediction sample filtering procedure.
- Predictive sample filtering may be referred to as post filtering. Some or all of the prediction samples may be filtered by the prediction sample filtering procedure. In some cases, the prediction sample filtering procedure may be omitted.
- the apparatus for encoding an image may generate residual samples for the current block based on prediction samples or filtered prediction samples (S620).
- the image encoding apparatus may derive the residual samples by subtracting the prediction samples from original samples of the current block. That is, the image encoding apparatus may derive the residual sample value by subtracting the corresponding predicted sample value from the original sample value.
- the image encoding apparatus may encode image information including information about the intra prediction (prediction information) and residual information about the residual samples (S630).
- the prediction information may include the intra prediction mode information and/or the intra prediction technique information.
- the image encoding apparatus may output the encoded image information in the form of a bitstream.
- the output bitstream may be delivered to an image decoding apparatus through a storage medium or a network.
- the residual information may include a residual coding syntax to be described later.
- the image encoding apparatus may transform/quantize the residual samples to derive quantized transform coefficients.
- the residual information may include information on the quantized transform coefficients.
- the image encoding apparatus may generate a reconstructed picture (including reconstructed samples and a reconstructed block). To this end, the image encoding apparatus may perform inverse quantization/inverse transformation on the quantized transform coefficients again to derive (modified) residual samples. The reason why the residual samples are transformed/quantized and then inverse quantized/inverse transformed is performed to derive residual samples identical to the residual samples derived from the image decoding apparatus.
- the image encoding apparatus may generate a reconstructed block including reconstructed samples for the current block based on the prediction samples and the (modified) residual samples. A reconstructed picture for the current picture may be generated based on the reconstructed block. As described above, an in-loop filtering procedure or the like may be further applied to the reconstructed picture.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a video/video decoding method based on intra prediction.
- the image decoding apparatus may perform an operation corresponding to an operation performed by the image encoding apparatus.
- the decoding method of FIG. 8 may be performed by the video decoding apparatus of FIG. 3.
- Dean systems S810 to S830 may be performed by the intra prediction unit 265, and the prediction information of step S810 and the residual information of step S840 may be obtained from the bitstream by the entropy decoding unit 210.
- the residual processing unit of the image decoding apparatus may derive residual samples for the current block based on the residual information (S840).
- the inverse quantization unit 220 of the residual processing unit derives transform coefficients by performing inverse quantization based on the quantized transform coefficients derived based on the residual information
- the inverse transform unit of the residual processing unit ( 230) may derive residual samples for the current block by performing inverse transform on the transform coefficients.
- Step S850 may be performed by the addition unit 235 or the restoration unit.
- the image decoding apparatus may derive an intra prediction mode/type for the current block based on the received prediction information (intra prediction mode/type information) (S810).
- the image decoding apparatus may derive neighboring reference samples of the current block (S820).
- the image decoding apparatus may generate prediction samples in the current block based on the intra prediction mode/type and the neighboring reference samples (S830).
- the image decoding apparatus may perform a prediction sample filtering procedure. Predictive sample filtering may be referred to as post filtering. Some or all of the prediction samples may be filtered by the prediction sample filtering procedure. In some cases, the prediction sample filtering procedure may be omitted.
- the image decoding apparatus may generate residual samples for the current block based on the received residual information (S840).
- the image decoding apparatus may generate reconstructed samples for the current block based on the prediction samples and the residual samples, and derive a reconstructed block including the reconstructed samples (S850).
- a reconstructed picture for the current picture may be generated based on the reconstructed block.
- an in-loop filtering procedure or the like may be further applied to the reconstructed picture.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of an intra prediction unit 265 according to the present disclosure.
- the intra prediction unit 265 of the image decoding apparatus may include an intra prediction mode/type determination unit 266, a reference sample derivation unit 267, and a prediction sample derivation unit 268. .
- the intra prediction mode/type determiner 266 determines an intra prediction mode/type for the current block based on intra prediction mode/type information generated and signaled by the intra prediction mode/type determiner 186 of the image encoding apparatus.
- the reference sample deriving unit 266 may derive neighboring reference samples of the current block from the reconstructed reference region in the current picture.
- the prediction sample derivation unit 268 may derive prediction samples of the current block.
- the intra prediction unit 265 may further include a prediction sample filter unit (not shown).
- the intra prediction mode information may include, for example, flag information (ex. intra_luma_mpm_flag) indicating whether a most probable mode (MPM) is applied to the current block or a remaining mode is applied, and the When MPM is applied to the current block, the intra prediction mode information may further include index information (ex. intra_luma_mpm_idx) indicating one of the intra prediction mode candidates (MPM candidates).
- the intra prediction mode candidates (MPM candidates) may be composed of an MPM candidate list or an MPM list.
- the intra prediction mode information includes remaining mode information (ex. intra_luma_mpm_remainder) indicating one of the remaining intra prediction modes excluding the intra prediction mode candidates (MPM candidates).
- the image decoding apparatus may determine an intra prediction mode of the current block based on the intra prediction mode information.
- the MPM candidate modes may include an intra prediction mode and additional candidate modes of a neighboring block (eg, a left neighboring block and an upper neighboring block) of the current block.
- the intra prediction technique information may be implemented in various forms.
- the intra prediction technique information may include intra prediction technique index information indicating one of the intra prediction techniques.
- the intra prediction method information includes reference sample line information (ex. intra_luma_ref_idx) indicating whether the MRL is applied to the current block and, if applied, a reference sample line (eg, intra_luma_ref_idx), and the ISP is the current block.
- ISP flag information indicating whether it is applied to (ex. intra_subpartitions_mode_flag), ISP type information indicating the split type of subpartitions when the ISP is applied (ex.
- intra_subpartitions_split_flag flag information indicating whether PDPC is applied, or LIP application It may include at least one of flag information indicating whether or not.
- the ISP flag information may be referred to as an ISP application indicator.
- the intra prediction mode information and/or the intra prediction technique information may be encoded/decoded through the coding method described in this disclosure.
- the intra prediction mode information and/or the intra prediction method information may be encoded/decoded through entropy coding (ex. CABAC, CAVLC) based on a truncated (rice) binary code.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an intra prediction direction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the intra prediction mode may include two non-directional intra prediction modes and 33 directional intra prediction modes.
- the non-directional intra prediction modes may include a planar intra prediction mode and a DC intra prediction mode, and the directional intra prediction modes may include 2 to 34 intra prediction modes.
- the planar intra prediction mode may be referred to as a planner mode, and the DC intra prediction mode may be referred to as a DC mode.
- the intra prediction mode includes two non-directional intra prediction modes and 65 extended directional intra prediction. It can include modes.
- the non-directional intra prediction modes may include a planar mode and a DC mode, and the directional intra prediction modes may include 2 to 66 intra prediction modes.
- the extended intra prediction modes can be applied to blocks of all sizes, and can be applied to both a luma component (a luma block) and a chroma component (a chroma block).
- the intra prediction mode may include two non-directional intra prediction modes and 129 directional intra prediction modes.
- the non-directional intra prediction modes may include a planar mode and a DC mode, and the directional intra prediction modes may include intra prediction modes 2 to 130.
- the intra prediction mode may further include a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode for chroma samples in addition to the aforementioned intra prediction modes.
- CCLM cross-component linear model
- the CCLM mode can be divided into L_CCLM, T_CCLM, and LT_CCLM, depending on whether left samples are considered, upper samples are considered, or both for LM parameter derivation, and can be applied only to a chroma component.
- the intra prediction mode may be indexed, for example, as shown in Table 1 below.
- an intra prediction mode in order to capture an arbitrary edge direction presented in a natural video, includes 93 directional directions along with two non-directional intra prediction modes. It may include an intra prediction mode. Non-directional intra prediction modes may include planar mode and DC mode.
- the directional intra prediction mode may include an intra prediction mode composed of 2 to 80 and -1 to -14 as indicated by the arrow of FIG. 11.
- the planner mode may be indicated as INTRA_PLANAR, and the DC mode may be indicated as INTRA_DC.
- the directional intra prediction mode may be expressed as INTRA_ANGULAR-14 to INTRA_ANGULAR-1 and INTRA_ANGULAR2 to INTRA_ANGULAR80.
- the quantized residual domain may include a quantized residual signal (or quantized residual coefficients), and when BDPCM is applied, the transform of the quantized residual signal is skipped. That is, when BDPCM is applied, the transform is skipped and quantization is applied to residual samples.
- the quantized residual domain may include quantized transform coefficients.
- a predicted block (prediction block) including predicted samples of the current block may be generated by intra prediction.
- an intra prediction mode for performing intra prediction may be signaled through a bitstream or may be derived based on a prediction direction of BDPCM, which will be described later.
- the intra prediction mode may be determined as either a vertical prediction direction mode or a horizontal prediction direction mode. For example, when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is the horizontal direction, the intra prediction mode is determined as the horizontal prediction direction mode, and the prediction block of the current block may be generated by intra prediction in the horizontal direction.
- the intra prediction mode is determined as the vertical prediction direction mode, and the prediction block of the current block may be generated by intra prediction in the vertical direction.
- intra prediction in the horizontal direction a value of a pixel adjacent to the left of the current block may be determined as a predicted sample value of samples included in a corresponding row of the current block.
- intra prediction in the vertical direction a value of a pixel adjacent to the top of the current block may be determined as a predicted sample value of samples included in a corresponding column of the current block.
- a method of generating a prediction block of the current block may be performed in the same manner in an image encoding apparatus and an image decoding apparatus.
- the apparatus for encoding an image may generate a residual block including residual samples of the current block by subtracting the prediction block from the current block.
- the image encoding apparatus may encode a difference value (difference or delta) between the quantized residual sample and a predictor of the quantized residual sample.
- the image decoding apparatus may generate a quantized residual block of the current block by obtaining a quantized residual sample of the current block based on a predictor and a difference value reconstructed from the bitstream. Thereafter, the image decoding apparatus may reconstruct the current block by inverse quantizing the quantized residual block and adding it to the prediction block.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a method of encoding a residual sample of BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- the residual block of FIG. 12 may be generated by subtracting a prediction block from a current block in an image encoding apparatus.
- the quantized residual block of FIG. 12 may be generated by quantizing the residual block.
- r i and j denote values of residual samples of (i, j) coordinates in the current block.
- the size of the current block is MxN
- the value i may be 0 or more and M-1 or less.
- the j value may be 0 or more and N-1 or less.
- r i, j can be derived by subtracting the value of the predicted sample from the value of the original sample of the (i, j) coordinate in the current block.
- Q(r i, j ) denotes a value of a quantized residual sample of (i, j) coordinates in the current block.
- the prediction of BDPCM is performed on the quantized residual samples of FIG. 12, and a modified quantized residual block of MxN size including modified quantized residual samples is performed. ) Can be created.
- the values (r' i, j ) of the modified quantized residual sample of the coordinates (i, j) in the current block may be calculated as in Equation 1.
- Equation (1) when the prediction direction of BDPCM one horizontal direction, r '0, j the value of the coordinates (0, j) is the value Q (r 0, j) of the quantized residual samples it is directly assigned.
- Other values of r'i and j of (i, j) coordinates are quantized residual values of Q(r i, j ) and (i-1, j) coordinates of quantized residual samples of (i, j) coordinates. It is derived as the difference value of the dual sample value Q(r i-1, j ).
- the quantized residual sample value Q(r i, j ) of the (i, j) coordinate instead of encoding the quantized residual sample value Q(r i, j ) of the (i, j) coordinate, the quantized residual sample value Q(r i-1 ) of the (i-1, j) coordinate
- the difference value calculated using , j ) as a predicted value is derived as the modified quantized residual sample values (r' i, j ), and then the values r'i and j are encoded.
- the values (r' i, j ) of the modified quantized residual sample of the coordinates (i, j) in the current block can be calculated as in Equation 2.
- Equation (2) when the prediction direction of BDPCM perpendicular direction, (i, 0) r ' i, 0 values of the coordinates is the value Q (r i, 0) of the quantized residual samples are still assigned.
- Other values of r'i, j of (i, j) coordinates are quantized residual values of Q(r i, j ) and (i, j-1) coordinates of quantized residual samples of (i, j) coordinates. It is derived as the difference value of the dual sample value Q(r i, j-1 ).
- BDPCM prediction a process of modifying a current quantized residual sample value by using an adjacent quantized residual sample value as a prediction value.
- the image encoding apparatus may encode a modified quantized residual block including the modified quantized residual samples, and transmit the coded to the image decoding apparatus.
- transformation is not performed on the modified quantized residual block.
- FIG. 13 shows a modified quantized residual block generated by performing BDPCM of the present disclosure.
- horizontal BDPCM represents a modified quantized residual block generated according to Equation 1 when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is in the horizontal direction.
- vertical BDPCM represents a modified quantized residual block generated according to Equation 2 when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is a vertical direction.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for encoding a current block by applying BDPCM in an image encoding apparatus.
- a current block which is an encoding target block
- prediction may be performed on the current block to generate a prediction block (S1420).
- the prediction block of step S1420 may be an intra prediction block, and the intra prediction mode may be determined as described above.
- a residual block of the current block may be generated based on the prediction block generated in step S1420 (S1430).
- the apparatus for encoding an image may generate a residual block (a value of a residual sample) by subtracting a prediction block (a value of a predicted sample) from a current block (a value of an original sample). For example, by performing step S1430, the residual block of FIG. 12 may be generated.
- Quantization is performed on the residual block generated in step S1430 (S1440), a quantized residual block is generated, and BDPCM prediction may be performed on the quantized residual block (S1450).
- the quantized residual block generated as a result of performing step S1440 may be a quantized residual block of FIG. 12, and a modified quantized residual block of FIG. 13 may be generated according to a BDPCM prediction result of step S1450 and a prediction direction. have. Since the BDPCM prediction in step S1450 has been described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 13, detailed descriptions are omitted.
- the image encoding apparatus may generate a bitstream by encoding the modified quantized residual block (S1460). In this case, the transform for the modified quantized residual block may be skipped.
- the BDPCM operation in the image encoding apparatus described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 14 may be reversely performed in the image decoding apparatus.
- 15 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for restoring a current block by applying BDPCM in an image decoding apparatus.
- the image decoding apparatus may obtain information (image information) necessary for reconstructing the current block from the bitstream (S1510).
- Information necessary for reconstructing the current block may include information on prediction of the current block (prediction information), information on a residual of the current block (residual information), and the like.
- the image decoding apparatus may perform prediction on a current block based on information on the current block and generate a prediction block (S1520).
- the prediction for the current block may be intra prediction, and a detailed description is the same as described with reference to FIG. 14.
- the step of generating a prediction block for the current block (S1520) is shown to be performed prior to steps S1530 to S1550 of generating a residual block of the current block.
- a prediction block of the current block may be generated after the residual block of the current block is generated.
- the residual block of the current block and the prediction block of the current block may be simultaneously generated.
- the image decoding apparatus may generate a residual block of the current block by parsing the residual information of the current block from the bitstream (S1530).
- the residual block generated in step S1530 may be a modified quantized residual block shown in FIG. 13.
- the image decoding apparatus may generate the quantized residual block of FIG. 12 by performing BDPCM prediction on the modified quantized residual block of FIG. 13 (S1540).
- the BDPCM prediction of step S1540 is a procedure of generating the quantized residual block of FIG. 12 from the modified quantized residual block of FIG. 13, and thus may correspond to the reverse process of step S1450 performed by the image encoding apparatus.
- the BDPCM prediction in step S1540 performed by the video decoding apparatus will be described in more detail below.
- the image decoding apparatus may generate a quantized residual block from the modified quantized residual block using Equation (3).
- the value Q(r i, j ) of the quantized residual sample of the (i, j) coordinate is modified quantized from the (0, j) coordinate to the (i, j) coordinate. It can be calculated by summing the values of the residual samples.
- the value Q(r i, j ) of the quantized residual sample of the (i, j) coordinate may be calculated using Equation 4 instead of Equation 3 above.
- Equation 4 is a reverse process corresponding to Equation 1.
- the value Q(r 0, j ) of the quantized residual sample of the (0, j) coordinate is the value of the modified quantized residual sample of the (0, j) coordinate r'0 , j Is induced by
- the Q(r i, j ) of other (i, j) coordinates is the quantized value of the modified quantized residual sample of (i, j) coordinates r'i , j and (i-1, j) coordinates. It is derived from the sum of the residual samples Q(r i-1, j ).
- (i-1, j) coordinates quantized by the sum of the value of Q of the quantized residual samples (r i-1, j) by using the predicted value difference value r 'i, j residual sample values of the Q ( r i, j ) can be derived.
- the image decoding apparatus may generate a quantized residual block from the modified quantized residual block using Equation (5).
- the value Q(r i, j ) of the quantized residual sample of the (i, j) coordinate is modified quantized from the (i, 0) coordinate to the (i, j) coordinate. It can be calculated by summing the values of the residual samples.
- the value Q(r i, j ) of the quantized residual sample of the (i, j) coordinate may be calculated using Equation 6 instead of Equation 5 above.
- Equation 6 is a reverse process corresponding to Equation 2.
- (i, 0) a value Q of the quantized residual samples of the coordinate (r i, 0) is (i, 0) value of the modified quantized residual samples of coordinates r 'i, 0 Is induced by
- the Q(r i, j ) of the other (i, j) coordinates is the value of the modified quantized residual sample of the (i, j) coordinates r'i , j and the quantized of the (i, j-1) coordinates. It is derived as the sum of the residual samples Q(r i, j-1 ).
- the quantized residual sample value Q() is summed by summing the difference values r'i and j using the quantized residual sample value Q(r i, j-1 ) of the (i, j-1) coordinate as a predicted value.
- r i, j can be derived.
- the image decoding apparatus When a quantized residual block composed of quantized residual samples is generated by performing step S1540 according to the above method, the image decoding apparatus performs inverse quantization on the quantized residual block (S1550), You can create a residual block.
- S1550 quantized residual block
- the image decoding apparatus may reconstruct the current block based on the prediction block generated in step S1520 and the residual block generated in step S1550 (S1560). For example, the image decoding apparatus may reconstruct the current block (the value of the restored sample) by adding the prediction block (the value of the predicted sample) and the residual block (the value of the residual sample).
- First information indicating whether BDPCM is applied to the current block may be signaled through a bitstream.
- second information indicating a prediction direction of BDPCM may be signaled through a bitstream.
- the second information may not be signaled.
- 16 is a diagram schematically showing information on BDPCM included in the syntax structure of the current block.
- Second information (eg, bdpcm_dir_flag) indicating the prediction direction of BDPCM may be signaled only when bdpcm_flag indicates that BDPCM is applied to the current block.
- the second information is a first value (eg, 0)
- the prediction direction of BDPCM indicates a horizontal direction
- the second information is a second value (eg, 1)
- the prediction direction of BDPCM indicates a vertical direction. I can instruct.
- transform coding refers to transforming an input signal into a signal of another domain.
- transformation in the video compression field refers to converting a signal in a spatial domain into a signal in a frequency domain.
- the reason for performing the transformation in the video compression field is that when a signal in the spatial domain is converted to a signal in the frequency domain, information is concentrated in the low-frequency region and the high-frequency region has little information, enabling efficient compression. .
- the compression efficiency is higher when no conversion is performed, and in this case, the conversion can be skipped.
- BDPCM can be applied in a process of encoding a residual block whose transformation has been skipped.
- residual information can be evenly distributed within the block.
- a residual coefficient level occurring at the lower right of the block has a higher probability than a residual coefficient level occurring at the upper left due to the distance from the reference sample. This phenomenon may be more pronounced as the block size increases.
- BDPCM uses the distribution characteristic of the residual coefficients of the intra skip coded block as described above.
- 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of encoding/decoding BDPCM related information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the current block may be determined whether the current block is an intra-predicted block (S1710). If the current block is not intra-predicted, BDPCM cannot be applied to the current block. Therefore, BDPCM related information for the current block may not be encoded/decoded.
- step S1720 When the current block is intra-predicted, it may be determined whether a residual signal exists in the current block (S1720). The determination of step S1720 may be performed, for example, based on cbf information. For example, step S1720 may be performed by checking cbf information (tu_cbf_luma) for a transform unit that is a unit for transmitting the residual signal of the current block. If tu_cbf_luma is 1, it means that there is a non-zero residual coefficient for the luma component of the current transform unit, and if tu_cbf_luma is 0, it means that there is no non-zero residual coefficient for the luma component of the current transform unit. I can. In step S1720, if it is determined that there is no residual signal in the current block, BDPCM related information for the current block may not be encoded/decoded.
- cbf information tu_cbf_luma
- step S1720 when it is determined that the residual signal exists in the current block, information indicating whether BDPCM is applied to the current block (eg, bdpcm_flag) may be encoded/decoded (S1730).
- the image encoding apparatus may determine and encode a value of bdpcm_flag based on whether BDPCM is applied to the current block. After parsing bdpcm_flag, the video decoding apparatus may determine whether to apply BDPCM to the current block based on the value.
- step S1740 it may be determined whether or not BDPCM is applied to the current block (S1740). For example, the determination of step S1740 may be performed based on the value of bdpcm_flag. If it is determined in step S1740 that BDPCM is not applied to the current block, information on the prediction direction of the BDPCM for the current block may not be encoded/decoded.
- step S1740 if it is determined that the BDPCM is applied to the current block, information on the prediction direction of the BDPCM (eg, bdpcm_dir_flag) may be encoded/decoded (S1750).
- the image encoding apparatus may determine and encode a value of bdpcm_dir_flag based on the prediction direction of BDPCM applied to the current block. After parsing bdpcm_dir_flag, the video decoding apparatus may determine a prediction direction of BDPCM based on the value.
- coding/decoding of BDPCM-related information can be performed only when a quantized residual signal exists in the intra-predicted current block, thereby improving coding efficiency.
- conditions for encoding/decoding BDPCM-related information it is determined whether intra prediction or residual signal exists.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and various conditions (color component, block size, information signaled at a higher level, etc.) for whether BDPCM is available as a condition for encoding/decoding BDPCM-related information may be determined.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 targets the luma component, but is not limited thereto, and may be applied even when the BDPCM of the present disclosure is also applied to the chroma component. That is, the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 17 can be applied to each of the chroma components (Cb and Cr).
- the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 17 may be applied to each of R, G, and B components.
- the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 17 may be applied to each of the Y, Co, and Cg components.
- Steps S1810 to S1830 of FIG. 18 may replace steps S1740 to S1750 of FIG. 17.
- BDPCM is applied to the current block (S1810), and when BDPCM is not applied, a process of deriving a prediction direction of BDPCM may not be performed.
- step S1810 when it is determined that BDPCM is applied to the current block, an intra prediction mode of the current block is determined (S1820), and a prediction direction of BDPCM may be derived based on the intra prediction mode of the current block (S1830). .
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the vertical direction.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the horizontal direction.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in a direction predetermined between the image encoding apparatus and the image decoding apparatus among the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined based on information signaled at a higher level (sequence level, picture level, slice level, etc.) of the block.
- the prediction direction of BDPCM when the intra prediction mode of the current block is a mode having an absolute angle smaller than that of mode 34, the prediction direction of BDPCM is defined as the horizontal direction, otherwise, the prediction direction of BDPCM is It can be defined vertically.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the intra prediction mode of the current block is a mode having an absolute angle equal to or less than mode 34, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be defined as a horizontal direction, and otherwise, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be defined as a vertical direction.
- the prediction direction of BDPCM when the intra prediction mode of the current block is the vertical direction mode, the prediction direction of BDPCM may be derived in the horizontal direction. Conversely, when the intra prediction mode of the current block is the horizontal direction mode, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the vertical direction.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the intra prediction mode of the current block is a non-directional mode, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in a direction predetermined between the image encoding apparatus and the image decoding apparatus among the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the intra prediction mode of the current block is a non-directional mode, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined based on information signaled at a higher level (sequence level, picture level, slice level, etc.) of the block.
- the prediction direction of BDPCM when the intra prediction mode of the current block is a mode having an absolute angle smaller than that of mode 34, the prediction direction of BDPCM is defined as a vertical direction. Otherwise, the prediction direction of BDPCM is It can be defined horizontally. Alternatively, when the intra prediction mode of the current block is a mode having an absolute angle equal to or less than mode 34, the prediction direction of BDPCM may be defined as a vertical direction, and otherwise, the prediction direction of BDPCM may be defined as a horizontal direction.
- the video encoding apparatus may perform BDPCM prediction by deriving a prediction direction of BDPCM based on an intra prediction mode, and may not encode information about the prediction direction of BDPCM.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on the prediction direction of BDPCM.
- 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of inducing an intra prediction mode of a current block based on a prediction direction of BDPCM according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block is from the prediction direction of the BDPCM of the current block. Can be derived.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block is prediction information of the current block signaled through the bitstream (e.g., the intra prediction mode). Information) may be determined based on (S1940). Thereafter, intra prediction may be performed based on the determined intra prediction mode (S1930).
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be determined based on the prediction direction of the BDPCM of the current block (S1920). For example, the image encoding apparatus may determine the intra prediction mode of the current block based on the prediction direction of the BDPCM applied to the current block. In addition, the image decoding apparatus may determine the prediction direction of the BDPCM of the current block by decoding information (bdpcm_dir_flag) about the prediction direction of the BDPCM, and determine the intra prediction mode of the current block based on the determined prediction direction of the BDPCM. Thereafter, intra prediction may be performed based on the determined intra prediction mode (S1930).
- decoding information bdpcm_dir_flag
- the intra prediction mode when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is a vertical direction, the intra prediction mode may be determined as a vertical direction mode, and when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is a horizontal direction, the intra prediction mode may be determined as a horizontal direction mode.
- the intra prediction mode when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is a vertical direction, the intra prediction mode may be determined as a horizontal mode, and when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is a horizontal direction, the intra prediction mode may be determined as a vertical direction mode.
- a method of determining an intra prediction mode based on the prediction direction of BDPCM is not limited to the above examples.
- Steps S2010 to S2030 of FIG. 20 may replace steps S1740 to S1750 of FIG. 17.
- the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 20 can derive the prediction direction of the BDPCM of the current block based on the condition for the size of the block (comparison of width and height, ratio of width and height, etc.). have. In this case, the intra prediction mode of the current block may not be considered.
- BDPCM is applied to the current block (S2010), and when BDPCM is not applied, a process of deriving a prediction direction of BDPCM may not be performed.
- step S2010 when it is determined that the BDPCM is applied to the current block, a condition regarding the size of the current block is determined (S2020), and a prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived based on the determination result (S2030).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the width of the current block is greater than the height, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the horizontal direction. Conversely, when the height of the current block is larger than the width, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the vertical direction. If the width and height of the current block are the same, the method of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 18 may be applied. Alternatively, if the width and height of the current block are the same, the prediction direction of the BDPCM is derived from a direction predetermined between the image encoding apparatus and the image decoding apparatus among horizontal and vertical directions, or the higher level of the block (sequence level, picture level, It may be determined based on information signaled at a slice level, etc.).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM when the width of the current block is greater than the height, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the vertical direction. Conversely, when the height of the current block is larger than the width, the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the horizontal direction. If the width and height of the current block are the same, the method of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 18 may be applied. Alternatively, if the width and height of the current block are the same, the prediction direction of the BDPCM is derived from a direction predetermined between the image encoding apparatus and the image decoding apparatus among horizontal and vertical directions, or the higher level of the block (sequence level, picture level, It may be determined based on information signaled at a slice level, etc.).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the vertical direction.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the horizontal direction. If the ratio of the width and height of the current block is less than N and is 1/N or more, the method of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 18 may be applied.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is derived from a direction predetermined between the image encoding apparatus and the image decoding apparatus among the horizontal and vertical directions, or the upper level of the block. It may be determined based on information signaled at a level (sequence level, picture level, slice level, etc.). In this case, N may be an integer of 1 or more.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the horizontal direction.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be derived in the vertical direction. If the ratio of the width and height of the current block is less than N and is 1/N or more, the method of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 18 may be applied.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is derived from a direction predetermined between the image encoding apparatus and the image decoding apparatus among the horizontal and vertical directions, or the upper level of the block. It may be determined based on information signaled at a level (sequence level, picture level, slice level, etc.). In this case, N may be an integer of 1 or more.
- a prediction direction of BDPCM may be derived based on a condition regarding the size of a current block. Accordingly, since there is no need to signal information on the prediction direction of BDPCM, the amount of transmitted information can be reduced.
- CABAC Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
- the image encoding/decoding apparatus may encode/decode image information using CABAC. Some or all of the image information may be entropy-encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 of FIG. 2, and some or all of the image information may be entropy-decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210. Syntax elements included in a residual signal to be described later may be entropy encoded/decoded based on CABAC.
- 21 is a diagram for describing a CABAC entropy encoding method.
- the input signal When the input signal is a syntax element other than a binary value, the input signal may be converted into a binary value through the binarization unit 2110. If the input signal is already a binary value, the binarization process may not be performed. At this time, each binary number 0 or 1 constituting the binary value may be referred to as a bin. For example, when the binary sequence after binarization is 110, each of 1, 1, and 0 may be one bin. Binary or binary string for one syntax element can represent the value of the corresponding syntax element.
- the binarized bins may be input to the regular encoding engine 2120 or the bypass encoding engine 2130.
- the context model determiner 2140 allocates a context model reflecting a probability value to a corresponding bin, and the regular encoding engine 2120 may encode a corresponding bin based on the allocated context model. After encoding each bin in the regular encoding engine 2120, a probability model for the bin may be updated. Bins encoded in this way may be referred to as context-coded bins.
- a procedure for estimating a probability for an input bin and a procedure for updating a probability model applied to a corresponding bin after encoding may be omitted.
- the bypass encoding engine 2130 may improve an encoding speed by encoding an input bin by applying a uniform probability distribution instead of allocating a context. Bins encoded through the bypass encoding engine 2130 may be referred to as bypass bins.
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may determine whether to perform encoding through the regular encoding engine 2120 or through the bypass encoding engine 2130, and switch the encoding path.
- entropy decoding may be performed by performing the encoding process of FIG. 21 in the reverse order.
- the entropy decoding unit 210 may decode a bitstream into a binary sequence using one of a regular coding decoding engine or a bypass decoding engine. After decoding in the regular coding engine is performed, the probability model for the corresponding bin may be updated. Meanwhile, in the bypass decoding engine, a procedure for estimating a probability for an input bitstream and a procedure for updating a probability model may be omitted.
- the bin generated through either the regular coding decoding engine or the bypass decoding engine may be finally restored to a syntax element that was the first input signal through selective inverse binarization of the inverse binarization unit.
- Residual samples may be derived using quantized transform coefficients through a transform and quantization process.
- Quantized transform coefficients may be defined as transform coefficients.
- Transform coefficients within a block may be signaled in the form of residual information.
- the residual information may include a residual coding syntax element.
- the image encoding apparatus may configure a residual coding syntax element with residual information, encode it, and output it in the form of a bitstream.
- the image decoding apparatus may obtain quantized transform coefficients by decoding the residual coding syntax element from the bitstream.
- the residual coding syntax element may be referred to as a syntax element.
- the transform coefficient is last_sig_coeff_x_prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, last_sig_coeff_y_suffix, coded_sub_block_flag, sig_coeff_flag, abs_level_gtX_flag, par_level_flag.
- a process of encoding/decoding a transform coefficient using a syntax element may be defined as residual (data) coding or (transform) coefficient coding. In this case, the conversion/quantization process may be omitted.
- the syntax elements last_sig_coeff_x_prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, and last_sig_coeff_y_suffix are syntax elements that encode (x, y) position information of the last non-zero coefficient in the associated block.
- the associated block may be a coding block (CB) or a transform block (TB).
- a block in a transform, quantization, and residual coding process may be a coding block or a transform block.
- last_sig_coeff_x_prefix indicates the prefix of the column position of the last significant coefficient in the scan order in the transform block
- last_sig_coeff_y_prefix is the prefix of the row position of the last significant coefficient in the scan order in the transform block Can instruct.
- last_sig_coeff_x_suffix indicates the suffix of the column position of the last significant coefficient in the scan order in the transform block
- last_sig_coeff_y_suffix indicates the suffix of the row position of the last significant coefficient in the scan order in the transform block.
- the effective coefficient may mean a non-zero coefficient.
- the scan order may be one of an upward-right diagonal scan order, a horizontal scan order, and a vertical scan order.
- the horizontal scan order may mean a scan order from left to right
- the vertical scan order may mean a scan order from top to bottom.
- the scan order may be determined based on whether intra/inter prediction is applied to the target block and/or a specific intra/inter prediction mode.
- the syntax element coded_sub_block_flag is when the current block is divided into subblocks having the number of 4 or 16 pixels (e.g., 1x16, 2x8, 8x2, 16x1, 4x4 or 2x2 subblock), each subblock has a non-zero coefficient. It may be a syntax element indicating whether to include. In this case, the sub-block may also be expressed as a coefficient group (CG).
- CG coefficient group
- coded_sub_block_flag if the value of coded_sub_block_flag is 0, since there is no more information to be transmitted, the encoding process for the subblock may be terminated. Conversely, if the value of coded_sub_block_flag is 1, the sig_coeff_flag encoding/decoding process may be performed. When the scan order is followed, signaling for coded_sub_block_flag may not be performed for a subblock including a coefficient other than 0 last. This may be due to a high probability that a non-zero coefficient exists because a DC coefficient exists in the upper left sub-block. Therefore, coded_sub_block_flag is not coded for a subblock including a last non-zero coefficient, and its value may be set to 1.
- sig_coeff_flag When coded_sub_block_flag indicates that a non-zero coefficient exists in the current sub-block, sig_coeff_flag having a binary value may be encoded/decoded according to the reverse scan order.
- a 1-bit syntax element sig_coeff_flag[n] may be encoded/decoded for a coefficient of a corresponding scan position (n) according to a scan order.
- the syntax element sig_coeff_flag[n] may be a syntax element indicating whether the coefficient of the current scan position has a value of 0.
- the encoding/decoding process may be omitted.
- Level information encoding/decoding may be performed only when sig_coeff_flag[n] is 1.
- the level information encoding/decoding process may be performed using at least one of the above-described syntax elements.
- the syntax element sig_coeff_flag[xC][yC] may be a syntax element indicating whether the transform coefficient of each transform coefficient position (xC, yC) in the current block is 0.
- the remaining level value after sig_coeff_flag[n] encoding/decoding may be derived according to Equation 7 below.
- the syntax element remAbsLevel[n] may indicate a level value to be encoded/decoded at the scan position n.
- coeff[n] may mean an actual transform coefficient value.
- abs_level_gtx_flag[n][0] is the
- par_level_flag[n] may be a syntax element used to encode/decode the least significant coefficient (LSB) value of remAbsLevel[n] according to Equation 9 below. That is, par_level_flag[n] may indicate parity of the transform coefficient level value of the scan position n. After par_leve_flag[n] encoding/decoding, remAbsLevel[n] may be updated according to Equation 9 below.
- abs_level_gtx_flag[n][1] is the
- abs_remainder[n] may be encoded/decoded only when abs_level_gtX_flag[n][1] is 1.
- the relationship between coeff[n] and each syntax element may be as shown in Equation 10 below.
- indicates a transform coefficient level value, and may be expressed as AbsLevel[n] for the transform coefficient.
- the syntax element coeff_sign_flag[n] may indicate a transform coefficient sign at a corresponding scan position n.
- abs_level_gtx_flag[n][i] may be a syntax element indicating whether the absolute value of the transform coefficient is greater than any one of 1 or 3.
- each syntax element can have the values shown in Table 2.
- CABAC provides high performance, but has a disadvantage of poor throughput performance. This may be due to the above-described regular encoding engine of CABAC. Since the regular encoding engine uses the updated probability state and range through encoding of the previous bin, it shows high data dependence, and it takes a lot of time to read the probability interval and determine the current state. In this case, if the number of context encoding bins is limited, the throughput problem of CABAC can be solved.
- the sum of bins used to represent sig_coeff_flag[n], abs_level_gtX_flag[n][0], par_level_flag[n], and abs_level_gtx_flag[n][1] may be limited according to the size of the subblock.
- the sum of the bins may be limited to 32 for a 4x4 subblock and 8 for a 2x2 subblock.
- sig_coeff_flag[n] abs_level_gtX_flag[n][0]
- abs_level_gtx_flag[n][1] are additionally encoded. May not be.
- may be encoded/decoded with a preset dec_abs_level[n].
- the sum of bins used to represent sig_coeff_flag[n], abs_level_gtX_flag[n][0], par_level_flag[n] and/or abs_level_gtx_flag[n][1] may be limited according to the size of the transform block.
- the sum of the bins may be 1.75 times the number of pixels in the block.
- sig_coeff_flag[n] abs_level_gtX_flag[n][0]
- abs_level_gtx_flag[ n][1] may not be additionally encoded.
- may be encoded/decoded with a preset dec_abs_level[n].
- the process of deriving the Rice parameter is the color component information (cIdx) of the current transform block, the luma position at the top left of the current transform block (x0, y0), the scan position of the current residual coefficient (xC, yC), and the width of the current transform block (log2TbWidth). ) And height (log2TbHeight) are input, and the Rice parameter cRiceParam can be output.
- variable locSumAbs may be derived from a pseudo code of Table 3 below.
- cRiceParam may be derived as shown in Table 4.
- the process of deriving the Rice parameter may be applied to the syntax element dec_abs_level[] and the syntax element abs_remainder[]. That is, the process of deriving the Rice parameter may be commonly applied to residual coefficients in the current transform block.
- the derived cRiceParam may be used to induce cMax in the process of binarization of a corresponding syntax element.
- the prefixVal of the corresponding syntax element can be determined as the smaller of cMax and the value of the corresponding syntax element.
- the suffixVal of the corresponding syntax element may be determined as a value obtained by subtracting the cMax value from the value of the corresponding syntax element.
- the binarized empty string of the corresponding syntax element may be generated by performing a binarization process for each. That is, the binarized empty string of the corresponding syntax element may be generated by concatenating the empty string of prefixVal and the empty string of suffixVal (if present).
- the encoding process of the residual signal may be modified in consideration of the statistical signal characteristic of the quantized residual signal in the spatial domain.
- encoding may be omitted for information on the position of the last significant coefficient in the scan order within the transform block.
- energy is concentrated in the low frequency region, and there is a high probability that zero or invalid levels appear in the high frequency region. Therefore, when performing transformation, the position of the last significant coefficient may have an important meaning.
- the energy concentration phenomenon in the low frequency region as described above does not occur. That is, when the transform is skipped, since the effective coefficients are evenly distributed within the current transform block, the position of the last significant coefficient does not have an important meaning and thus may not be encoded.
- the context modeling for sig_coeff_flag[] may be modified.
- the context model of the syntax element sig_coeff_flag[] can be derived by referring to a location around the current scanning location. At this time, the referenced surrounding location may be defined as a template.
- the template for determining the context model of the syntax element sig_coeff_flag[] may be modified to the left position NB0 and the upper position NB1 of the current scanning position.
- a context increment value (ctxInc, context increment) for determining the context model of the syntax element sig_coeff_flag[] may be derived based on sig_coeff_flag[NB0] + sig_coeff_flag[NB1]. That is, the context model of the sig_coeff_flag of the current scanning position may be derived based on the sig_coeff_flag value of the left position of the current scanning position and the sig_coeff_flag value of the upper position of the current scanning position. Therefore, the context model in the case of skipping the transformation can be determined independently from the diagonal direction. In addition, one of three context models may be determined.
- the Rice parameter can be derived for binarization of abs_remainder[]. According to the pseudo code of Table 3, it can be seen that the right position (xC+1, yC) and the lower position (xC, yC+1) of the current scanning position are used as templates to derive the Rice parameter. However, when the transformation is skipped, the left position (xC-1, yC) and the upper position (xC, yC-1) of the current scanning position (xC, yC) are similar to the above-described sig_coeff_flag template.
- Rice of abs_reminder[] It can be defined as a template to derive parameters.
- the Rice parameter for the transform skip residual signal can be fixed to a specific number. For example, the rice parameter for the transform skip residual signal may be 1.
- Syntax elements can be encoded/decoded using CABAC.
- a context model can be derived.
- the context model may be derived, for example, by determining the context index (ctxIdx), and ctxIdx may be derived from the sum of the variables ctxIdxOffset and ctxInc.
- ctxInc may be derived using a template, as described above.
- variables locNumSig and locSumAbsPass1 may be derived according to the pseudo code of Table 5 in order to derive ctxInc of the syntax element sig_coeff_flag.
- the template used in the process for inducing locNumSig and locSumAbsPass1 may differ according to transform_skip_flag. Specifically, when transform_skip_flag is 1 (when transform is skipped), the left position (xC-1, yC) and upper position (xC, yC-1) of the current scanning position (xC, yC) can be used as a template. have.
- the ctxInc of the syntax element sig_coeff_flag may be derived based on locNumSig and/or locSumAbsPass1. That is, a template used for context modeling of sig_coeff_flag may be determined differently depending on whether transformation is skipped.
- BDPCM can be applied in a process of encoding a residual block whose transformation has been skipped.
- BDPCM instead of encoding (quantized) residual coefficients, the difference value generated by performing line-by-line residual coefficient prediction in the row or column direction is encoded, so that the transformation is skipped. It may have different characteristics from other residual signals. For example, if the value of the continuous residual in one line is (3, 3, 4, 3), if BDPCM is applied, the actual transmitted residual value is (3, 0, 1, -1) As a result, the level is significantly reduced, and the sign may also change. Therefore, it is necessary to adaptively apply a method of deriving the Rice parameter used when selecting a separate context model or binarizing the level of residual coefficients to accumulate statistical characteristics suitable for BDPCM.
- neighboring pixels may be referred to determine a context model of sig_coeff_flag or to derive a Rice parameter for binarization of abs_remainder.
- the referenced surrounding pixel (or its position) may be defined as a template.
- the left position and the upper position of the current pixel (current scanning position) may be referred to as a template. If the current pixel is located at the top or leftmost in the block, only available surrounding pixels can be referred to as a template. Whether or not the location of the neighboring pixels that are not available is non-zero or a level value can be initialized to 0. When the location of the current pixel is (0, 0), no pixel can be referenced, so whether a neighboring pixel location is non-zero or a level value can be derived as 0.
- 22 and 23 are diagrams for explaining a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the left pixel L and the upper pixel A of the current pixel C may be referred to as a template as shown in the left side of FIGS. 22 and 23.
- the template may be a template for inducing the Rice parameter of abs_remainder[] or for inducing the context model of sig_coeff_flag.
- the template may be modified based on the prediction direction of BDPCM.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is the vertical direction
- only the upper pixel A of the current pixel C may be referred to as a template, as shown in the block shown on the right side of FIG. 22.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is in the horizontal direction
- only the left pixel L of the current pixel C may be referred to as a template as shown in the block shown on the right side of FIG. 23.
- a pixel at an unreferenced position is a template (neighbor position for context) to check similarity with the surroundings. model selection, rice parameter derivation).
- a reference sample located in the prediction direction of BDPCM based on the current coefficient position may be used as a template, and a reference sample not located in the prediction direction of BDPCM may not be used as a template.
- 24 is a flowchart illustrating a method of defining a template and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter in consideration of a prediction direction of BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- a left peripheral pixel and an upper peripheral pixel of the current pixel may be defined as a template ( S2420).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is determined (S2430), and in the horizontal direction, a pixel around the left of the current pixel is defined as a template (S2440), and in the vertical direction, the pixel around the top of the current pixel Can be defined as a template (S2450).
- encoding/decoding may be performed using a template of a current pixel defined based on whether BDPCM is applied to the transform-skipped current block and/or a prediction direction of the BDPCM (S2460).
- the encoding/decoding of step S2460 is, for example, encoding/decoding of the residual signal of the current pixel, and may include a process of deriving a context model of the residual signal or a process of deriving a Rice parameter.
- 25 and 26 are diagrams for explaining a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIGS. 25 and 26 denotes a current pixel
- "A” and “L” denote an upper peripheral pixel and a left peripheral pixel, respectively.
- an arrow indicated on the right side of the block of FIG. 25 indicates that the prediction direction of BDPCM is in the vertical direction
- the arrow indicated at the bottom of the block of FIG. 26 indicates that the prediction direction of BDPCM is horizontal.
- a line indicated by a thick solid line indicates a BDPCM line where a current pixel is located.
- the left pixel L and the upper pixel A of the current pixel C may be referred to as a template, as shown in the left side of FIGS. 25 and 26.
- the template may be a template for inducing the Rice parameter of abs_remainder[] or for inducing the context model of sig_coeff_flag.
- the template may be modified based on the prediction direction of BDPCM.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is the vertical direction
- only the left pixel L of the current pixel C can be referred to as a template as shown in the block shown on the right side of FIG. 25.
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is the horizontal direction
- only the upper pixel A of the current pixel C can be referred to as a template, as shown in the block shown on the right side of FIG. 26.
- pixels that do not exist in the same BDPCM line with respect to the current pixel position are used as a template (neighbor position for context model selection, rice parameter derivation) to check similarity with surroundings. I can't.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a method for defining a template in consideration of a line of BDPCM and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter according to the present disclosure.
- a pixel around the left and a pixel around the top of the current pixel may be defined as a template ( S2720).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is determined (S2730), and in the horizontal direction, a pixel around the top of the current pixel is defined as a template (S2740), and in the vertical direction, the pixel around the left of the current pixel Can be defined as a template (S2750). That is, the surrounding pixels existing in the same BDPCM line as the current pixel can be defined as a template.
- encoding/decoding may be performed using a template of a current pixel defined based on whether BDPCM is applied to the transform-skipped current block and/or a prediction direction of the BDPCM (S2760).
- the encoding/decoding of step S2760 is, for example, encoding/decoding of the residual signal of the current pixel, and may include a process of deriving a context model of the residual signal or a process of deriving a Rice parameter.
- 28 and 29 are diagrams for describing a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the size of the level to be coded may be substantially smaller than the level of the first line or may be 0. That is, the level size may be very different between a pixel included in the first line and a pixel included in another line. That is, it may not be appropriate to use the surrounding pixels included in the first line as a template for the current pixels included after the second line.
- the embodiments shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 do not use neighboring pixels included in the first line as a template (neighbor position for context model selection, rice parameter derivation) according to the current pixel position and the prediction direction of BDPCM.
- a template can be defined assuming that the first line of BDPCM is not available.
- sig_coeff_flag determines whether the upper and left pixels of the current pixel are 0 or non-zero, and then determines a context model based on this.
- the coding efficiency can be improved by adaptively accumulating statistics according to whether or not the neighboring pixels are the first line.
- the Rice parameter is derived based on the size of the surrounding level of the current pixel, if the current pixel is the second line, the Rice parameter more suitable for the current coefficient can be derived by not referring to the undifferentiated level of the first line.
- the left pixel L may be referred to as a template.
- the upper pixel A and the left pixel L may be referred to as templates.
- the upper pixel A can be referred to as a template.
- the upper pixel A and the left pixel L may be referred to as templates.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart illustrating a method of defining a template and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter in consideration of whether surrounding pixels are included in the first line of the BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- a left peripheral pixel and an upper peripheral pixel of the current pixel may be defined as a template ( S3020).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM may be determined (S3030).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is in the horizontal direction, it may be determined whether a pixel adjacent to the left of the current pixel exists on the first line of the BDPCM (S3040).
- S3050 When a pixel around the left side of the current pixel exists on the first line of the BDPCM, only a pixel around the top of the current pixel may be defined as a template (S3050).
- a pixel around the left and a pixel around the top of the current pixel may be defined as a template (S3060).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is the vertical direction, it may be determined whether or not a pixel around the top of the current pixel exists on the first line of the BDPCM (S3070).
- a pixel around the left and a pixel around the top of the current pixel may be defined as a template (S3060).
- encoding/decoding may be performed using the template of the current pixel defined based on whether BDPCM is applied to the current block, the prediction direction of BDPCM, and whether neighboring pixels exist on the first line of the BDPCM ( S3090).
- the encoding/decoding of step S3090 is, for example, encoding/decoding of the residual signal of the current pixel, and may include a process of deriving a context model of the residual signal or a process of deriving a Rice parameter.
- the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 28 and 30 defines the template of the current pixel based on whether the neighboring pixel of the current pixel is the first line of the BDPCM, so that the statistical characteristics of the first line and subsequent lines of the BDPCM can be reflected. I can. Therefore, it is possible to derive a context model and Rice parameter more suitable for encoding/decoding the current pixel.
- 31 and 32 are diagrams for explaining a template for a block to which BDPCM is applied, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 31 and 32 is a combination of the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23 and the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 28 and 29. That is, the neighboring pixels not referenced in the prediction of the BDPCM and the neighboring pixels included in the first line of the BDPCM may not be used as a template.
- the upper pixel of the current pixel C when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is in the vertical direction, the upper pixel of the current pixel C may be used as a template, and the upper pixel of the current pixel C is the BDPCM. Since it is included in the first line of, both the left pixel and the upper pixel of the current pixel C may not be available as a template. Also, as shown in the block shown on the right side of FIG. 31, since the upper pixel A of the current pixel C is not included in the first line of the BDPCM, the upper pixel A can be used as a template for the current pixel C. have.
- the left pixel of the current pixel C when the prediction direction of the BDPCM is in the horizontal direction, the left pixel of the current pixel C can be used as a template, and the left pixel of the current pixel C is the BDPCM. Since it is included in the first line of, both the left pixel and the upper pixel of the current pixel C may not be available as a template. In addition, as shown in the block shown on the right side of FIG. 32, since the left pixel L of the current pixel C is not included in the first line of the BDPCM, the left pixel L can be used as a template of the current pixel C. have.
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating a method of defining a template and deriving a context model or a Rice parameter in consideration of whether a prediction direction of BDPCM and surrounding pixels are included in the first line of BDPCM according to the present disclosure.
- BDPCM bitmap pixel
- S3310 a left peripheral pixel and an upper peripheral pixel of the current pixel
- S3320 a template
- a prediction direction of BDPCM may be determined (S3330).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is the horizontal direction, it may be determined whether a pixel adjacent to the left of the current pixel exists on the first line of the BDPCM (S3340).
- a pixel around the left side of the current pixel may be defined as a template (S3350).
- a pixel around the left side of the current pixel exists on the first line of the BDPCM, neither the pixel around the left side of the current pixel nor the pixel around the top side may be defined as a template (S3360).
- the prediction direction of the BDPCM is the vertical direction, it may be determined whether or not a pixel around the top of the current pixel exists on the first line of the BDPCM (S3370).
- a pixel around the top of the current pixel may be defined as a template (S3380).
- the upper peripheral pixel of the current pixel exists on the first line of the BDPCM, neither the left peripheral pixel nor the upper peripheral pixel of the current pixel may be defined as a template (S3360).
- encoding/decoding may be performed using the template of the current pixel defined based on whether BDPCM is applied to the current block, the prediction direction of BDPCM, and whether neighboring pixels exist on the first line of the BDPCM ( S3390).
- the encoding/decoding of step S3390 is, for example, encoding/decoding of the residual signal of the current pixel, and may include a process of deriving a context model of the residual signal or a process of deriving a Rice parameter.
- the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 31 and 33 defines the template of the current pixel based on the prediction direction of the BDPCM and whether the neighboring pixel of the current pixel is the first line of the BDPCM, so that statistical characteristics of the BDPCM can be better reflected. have. Therefore, it is possible to derive a context model and Rice parameter more suitable for encoding/decoding the current pixel.
- the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26 and the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 28 and 29 may be combined and performed. That is, the surrounding pixels that do not exist on the same BDPCM line as the current pixel and the surrounding pixels included in the first line of the BDPCM may not be used as a template.
- the surrounding pixels that are available and the surrounding pixels that are not available as templates have been described.
- neighboring pixels that are not available may not be referred to or may be referred to by replacing them with a predetermined value. For example, whether a non-zero position or a level value of an unavailable neighboring pixel location may be replaced with 0 for reference.
- exemplary methods of the present disclosure are expressed as a series of operations for clarity of description, but this is not intended to limit the order in which steps are performed, and each step may be performed simultaneously or in a different order if necessary.
- the illustrative steps may include additional steps, other steps may be included excluding some steps, or may include additional other steps excluding some steps.
- an image encoding apparatus or an image decoding apparatus performing a predetermined operation may perform an operation (step) of confirming an execution condition or situation of the operation (step). For example, when it is described that a predetermined operation is performed when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the video encoding apparatus or the video decoding apparatus performs an operation to check whether the predetermined condition is satisfied, and then performs the predetermined operation. I can.
- various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- one or more ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- general purpose It may be implemented by a processor (general processor), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or the like.
- the image decoding device and the image encoding device to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied include a multimedia broadcasting transmission/reception device, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video chat device, and a real-time communication device such as video communication.
- Mobile streaming devices storage media, camcorders, video-on-demand (VoD) service providers, OTT video (Over the top video) devices, Internet streaming service providers, three-dimensional (3D) video devices, video telephony video devices, and medical use. It may be included in a video device or the like, and may be used to process a video signal or a data signal.
- an OTT video (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smartphone, a tablet PC, and a digital video recorder (DVR).
- DVR digital video recorder
- FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.
- the content streaming system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage device, a user device, and a multimedia input device.
- the encoding server serves to generate a bitstream by compressing content input from multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, camcorders, etc. into digital data, and transmits it to the streaming server.
- multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, camcorders, etc. directly generate bitstreams
- the encoding server may be omitted.
- the bitstream may be generated by an image encoding method and/or an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied, and the streaming server may temporarily store the bitstream in a process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.
- the streaming server may transmit multimedia data to a user device based on a user request through a web server, and the web server may serve as an intermediary for notifying the user of a service.
- the web server transmits the request to the streaming server, and the streaming server may transmit multimedia data to the user.
- the content streaming system may include a separate control server, and in this case, the control server may play a role of controlling a command/response between devices in the content streaming system.
- the streaming server may receive content from a media storage and/or encoding server. For example, when content is received from the encoding server, the content may be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server may store the bitstream for a predetermined time.
- Examples of the user device include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, and Tablet PC, ultrabook, wearable device, for example, smartwatch, smart glass, head mounted display (HMD)), digital TV, desktop There may be computers, digital signage, etc.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- PMP portable multimedia player
- HMD head mounted display
- TV desktop
- desktop There may be computers, digital signage, etc.
- Each server in the content streaming system may be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server may be distributedly processed.
- the scope of the present disclosure is software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., operating systems, applications, firmware, programs, etc.) that cause an operation according to the method of various embodiments to be executed on a device or computer, and such software or It includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium (non-transitory computer-readable medium) which stores instructions and the like and is executable on a device or a computer.
- a non-transitory computer-readable medium non-transitory computer-readable medium
- An embodiment according to the present disclosure may be used to encode/decode an image.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 영상 복호화 장치에 의해 수행되는 영상 복호화 방법으로서,인트라 예측된 현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM(block difference pulse code modulation)이 적용되는지 여부를 지시하는 제1 정보를 비트스트림으로부터 파싱하는 단계;상기 제1 정보가 상기 현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM이 적용되는 것을 지시하는 경우, 상기 현재 블록에 대한 BDPCM의 예측 방향을 결정하고, 상기 결정된 BDPCM의 예측 방향에 기반하여 상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 블록을 생성하는 단계;상기 현재 블록의 인트라 예측 모드에 기반하여, 인트라 예측을 수행함으로써 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 레지듀얼 블록과 상기 예측 블록에 기반하여 상기 현재 블록을 복원하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 정보는 상기 현재 블록에 0이 아닌 레지듀얼 신호가 존재하는 경우에만 파싱되고,상기 현재 블록에 0이 아닌 레지듀얼 신호가 존재하지 않는 경우, 상기 제1 정보의 파싱을 스킵하고, 상기 현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM이 적용되지 않는 것으로 결정되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록에 0이 아닌 레지듀얼 신호가 존재하는지의 여부는 상기 비트스트림으로부터 파싱된 정보에 기반하여 판단되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 상기 비트스트림으로부터 파싱된 제2 정보에 기반하여 결정되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향과 상기 인트라 예측 모드의 예측 방향은 동일한 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 상기 인트라 예측 모드에 기반하여 결정되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 인트라 예측 모드의 예측 방향이 수직 방향인 경우, 상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 수직 방향으로 결정되고,상기 인트라 예측 모드의 예측 방향이 수평 방향인 경우, 상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 수평 방향으로 결정되고,상기 인트라 예측 모드가 비방향성 모드인 경우, 상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 소정의 방향으로 결정되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 소정의 방향은 기정의된 방향 또는 상기 현재 블록의 상위 레벨에서 시그널링되는 정보에 기반하여 도출된 방향인 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 상기 현재 블록의 크기에 기반하여 결정되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록의 너비가 W이고, 높이가 H일 때,W가 H보다 큰 경우, 상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 수평 방향으로 결정되고,H가 W보다 큰 경우, 상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 수직 방향으로 결정되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록의 너비가 W이고, 높이가 H일 때,W/H가 소정의 정수 N 이상일 경우, 상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 수직 방향으로 결정되고,W/H가 1/N 이하일 경우, 상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향은 수평 방향으로 결정되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 메모리 및 적어도 하나의 프로세서를 포함하는 영상 복호화 장치로서,상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는인트라 예측된 현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM이 적용되는지 여부를 지시하는 제1 정보를 비트스트림으로부터 파싱하고,상기 제1 정보가 상기 현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM이 적용되는 것을 지시하는 경우, 상기 현재 블록에 대한 BDPCM의 예측 방향을 결정하고, 상기 결정된 BDPCM의 예측 방향에 기반하여 상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 블록을 생성하고,상기 현재 블록의 인트라 예측 모드에 기반하여, 인트라 예측을 수행함으로써 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하고,상기 레지듀얼 블록과 상기 예측 블록에 기반하여 상기 현재 블록을 복원하는 영상 복호화 장치.
- 영상 부호화 장치에 의해 수행되는 영상 부호화 방법으로서,현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM이 적용되는지 여부를 결정하는 단계;상기 현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM이 적용되는 경우, 상기 현재 블록에 대한 BDPCM의 예측 방향을 결정하는 단계;상기 현재 블록의 인트라 예측 모드에 기반하여, 인트라 예측을 수행함으로써 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하는 단계;상기 예측 블록에 기반하여 상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 블록을 생성하는 단계;상기 결정된 BDPCM의 예측 방향에 기반하여 상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 블록을 부호화하는 단계; 및상기 현재 블록에 대해 BDPCM이 적용되는지 여부를 지시하는 제1 정보를 부호화하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 BDPCM의 예측 방향과 상기 인트라 예측 모드의 예측 방향은 동일한 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제13항의 영상 부호화 방법에 의해 생성된 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법.
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| US11368721B2 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-06-21 | Tencent America LLC | Method and apparatus for interaction between intra prediction mode and block differential pulse-code modulation mode |
| WO2020235960A1 (ko) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Bdpcm 에 대한 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 |
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| US20220224938A1 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | Offinno, LLC | Intra Prediction Signaling |
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