WO2020220687A1 - 一种扬声器装置 - Google Patents

一种扬声器装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220687A1
WO2020220687A1 PCT/CN2019/124904 CN2019124904W WO2020220687A1 WO 2020220687 A1 WO2020220687 A1 WO 2020220687A1 CN 2019124904 W CN2019124904 W CN 2019124904W WO 2020220687 A1 WO2020220687 A1 WO 2020220687A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
speaker
horn
phase plug
speaker diaphragm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/124904
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙坤茂
张宇敏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP19926839.2A priority Critical patent/EP3952339A4/en
Publication of WO2020220687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220687A1/zh
Priority to US17/512,816 priority patent/US12035103B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/34—Directing or guiding sound by means of a phase plug

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of imaging equipment, in particular to a speaker device.
  • a horn is arranged on the speaker sound unit, and then a phase plug is arranged in the horn.
  • the path compensation of the phase plug eliminates the interference caused by the path difference, thereby optimizing the sound reinforcement effect and improving the sound quality. Reduction and fidelity.
  • the attenuation is relatively severe, so the speaker is not conducive to the propagation of acoustic signals at high frequencies.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a speaker device.
  • the present application provides a speaker device, including: a speaker sounding unit, including a speaker diaphragm, the speaker sounding unit is configured to convert an electrical signal into an acoustic signal through the speaker diaphragm; a horn, the horn Including a sound inlet and a sound outlet, the speaker sound unit is arranged on the sound inlet, the horn is used to amplify the sound signal, and then spread out through the sound outlet; phase plug, used for The phase and/or amplitude of the acoustic signal from the sound inlet is adjusted; the relative position between the speaker diaphragm and the phase plug is unchanged to form an incompressible air cavity.
  • a speaker sounding unit including a speaker diaphragm, the speaker sounding unit is configured to convert an electrical signal into an acoustic signal through the speaker diaphragm
  • a horn the horn Including a sound inlet and a sound outlet, the speaker sound unit is arranged on the sound inlet, the horn
  • the surface of the phase plug is parallel to the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm.
  • the distance between the speaker diaphragm and the phase plug is smaller than the wavelength of the acoustic signal.
  • the distance between the speaker diaphragm and the phase plug is 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • a bracket is further included, and the phase plug is fixed in the horn through the bracket.
  • the phase plug is fixed in the horn through the three brackets, and the three brackets are placed symmetrically.
  • the three brackets are placed at 120 degrees to each other.
  • the horn, the phase plug and the bracket are integrated into one body by a one-time molding manufacturing method.
  • the bracket is located on the plane where the phase plug is located.
  • the surface area of the surface of the phase plug is 1/2-2/3 times the surface area of the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm.
  • the shape of the phase plug includes a circle, a bowl, and a hemisphere.
  • the speaker diaphragm, the horn and the phase plug in the speaker sounding unit are formed Incompressible air cavity.
  • the present application also provides a speaker device, including: a speaker sounding unit, including a speaker diaphragm, the speaker sounding unit is used to convert an electrical signal into an acoustic signal through the speaker diaphragm; a horn, the The horn includes a sound inlet and a sound outlet.
  • a speaker sounding unit including a speaker diaphragm, the speaker sounding unit is used to convert an electrical signal into an acoustic signal through the speaker diaphragm; a horn, the The horn includes a sound inlet and a sound outlet.
  • the speaker sound unit is arranged on the sound inlet, and the horn is used to amplify the sound signal and then propagate it out through the sound outlet; a phase plug is used To adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the acoustic signal from the sound inlet; the relative position between the speaker diaphragm and the phase plug remains unchanged to form an air cavity, and the speaker vibrates
  • the distance between the film and the phase plug is smaller than the wavelength of the acoustic signal, and is 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • the present application provides a speaker device.
  • the phase plug When the phase plug is placed in the horn and the distance from the speaker diaphragm is smaller or far smaller than the wavelength ⁇ of the acoustic signal, an incompressible air cavity is formed between the speaker diaphragm and the phase plug.
  • the sound signal is transmitted into the horn through the incompressible air cavity without loss, and the impedance Zms of the speaker device itself is matched with the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space, and the radiation of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space is increased. Impedance Zmr, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the speaker, and increasing the output of the acoustic signal of the speaker device at high frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a phase plug fixing method provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 45-degree oblique front view structure of a phase plug fixing method provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a loudspeaker device with index model angle provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a frequency curve of an enhanced sound signal of a loudspeaker device with an exponential model angle provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly unless otherwise clearly specified and limited. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , It may also be an interference connection or an integral connection; for those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood under specific circumstances.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the speaker device shown in FIG. 1 includes a speaker sound unit 1, a horn 2 and a phase plug 3.
  • the speaker sound unit 1 includes a speaker diaphragm 4, and the speaker sound unit 1 converts an electric signal into an acoustic signal through the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • Horn 2 includes the sound inlet and the sound outlet. Generally, the radius of the sound inlet is smaller than the radius of the sound outlet.
  • the sound inlet of the horn 2 is connected to the speaker sound unit 1, and then the speaker sound unit 1 transmits the sound signal from the sound inlet of the horn 2 into the horn 2 through the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • a horn 2 on the speaker sound unit 1, it is used to amplify the sound signal and then spread out from the sound outlet, so as to increase the sound pressure level (acoustic unit of volume) of the speaker sound unit 1 to increase the amplification Sound effect.
  • the main function of the horn 2 is to achieve impedance matching.
  • Realization of impedance matching is mainly determined by two indicators: one is the area of the speaker diaphragm 4, and the other is the cross-sectional area of the sound outlet of the horn 2.
  • Horn 2 realizes impedance matching mainly by area ratio.
  • this application changes the impedance of horn 2’s sound inlet and horn 2’s sound outlet by changing the cross-sectional area of horn 2’s sound inlet and horn 2’s sound outlet.
  • the impedance of the speaker itself is matched with the spatial radiation impedance of the speaker to increase the sound.
  • the specific area ratio needs to be adapted according to the actual size of the speaker diaphragm 4 and the structure of the horn 2.
  • the shape of the horn 2 mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be catenary model angle, hyperbolic model angle, index model angle, tapered horn, etc.
  • the selected shape depends on the equipment used, and different equipment According to its internal design space size and reserved space shape, choose the corresponding horn shape.
  • the expression of the radiation efficiency ⁇ of the speaker device is:
  • Zms is the impedance of the speaker device itself
  • Zeb is the impedance of the circuit system of the speaker device
  • Zmr is the radiation impedance of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space
  • BL is the magnetic force coefficient of the speaker device.
  • the direct radiation efficiency of the speaker ⁇ 1% in order to improve the radiation efficiency of the speaker, the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound in the propagation space can be increased. Since the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space is related to the cross-sectional area of the horn 2, that is, as the cross-sectional area of the horn 2 gradually increases, the radiation impedance Zmr will gradually increase. The efficiency ⁇ gradually increases.
  • phase plug 3 is arranged in the horn 2, next to the speaker diaphragm 4, and the relative position between the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 remains unchanged, thereby forming an incompressible air cavity 5.
  • the surface of the phase plug 3 close to the speaker diaphragm 4 is parallel to the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • the thickness of the incompressible air cavity 5 formed by the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 is equal everywhere to ensure that all acoustic signals pass through the incompressible air cavity 5 at the same time.
  • the shape of the speaker diaphragm 4 is generally round, hemispherical, bowl-shaped, and so on.
  • phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 are parallel, and the thickness of the incompressible air cavity 5 formed by the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 is equal everywhere, the shape of the phase plug 3 and the speaker
  • the shape of the diaphragm 4 is similar, and can be round, hemispherical, bowl-shaped, and the like.
  • the acoustic signal in this application is an acoustic wave in the form of a dense wave, that is, the alternating propagation of air molecules will produce compression and expansion, and then spread the sound. Since air molecules need to consume energy in the process of compression and expansion, the sound will become smaller. If the distance between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 is close enough, an incompressible air cavity will be produced. When sound waves propagate in the air in the air cavity, energy is not consumed, so that sound waves can spread without loss. .
  • the incompressible air cavity 5 can be equivalent to a rigid capacitive reactance, and the capacitive reactance it brings can be expressed as:
  • k is the wave number of the acoustic signal
  • d is the distance between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the acoustic signal.
  • the distance d between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 in the implementation of this application is much smaller than the wavelength ⁇ of the acoustic signal, and the incompressible air cavity 5 formed between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 can be realized.
  • the acoustic signal is transmitted without loss.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the acoustic signal is based on the wavelength formula It can be seen that the higher the frequency of the acoustic signal, the shorter the wavelength.
  • the wavelength of the acoustic signal when it passes through the incompressible air cavity 5 is 0.17 m to 0.017 m. Therefore, the distance d between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 should be less than 0.17m.
  • the distance between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 in the embodiment of the present application is most suitable to be between 0.5 mm and 1 mm.
  • the speaker diaphragm 4 may be arranged in the sound inlet of the horn 2, and then the other components of the speaker sound unit 1 are arranged on the horn. Since the thickness of the incompressible air cavity 5 formed by the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 is required to be small, it is difficult to control the gap between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 during the process of installing the speaker sound unit 1 on the horn 2. Therefore, first install the speaker diaphragm 4 on the horn 2 so that the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 form an incompressible air cavity 5, and then install other parts of the speaker sound unit 1, so as to avoid the speaker sound unit 1 and The error caused by the assembly of the phase plug 3.
  • the phase plug 3 can be made of plastic, metal and other materials.
  • the surface area of the surface of the phase plug 3 close to the speaker diaphragm 4 is 1/2-2/3 times the surface area of the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4. If the surface area of the phase plug 3 is too small, the phase plug 3 cannot Play the role of incompressible cavity.
  • the surface area of the phase plug 3 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the fixed position inside the horn 2, so that there is a gap between the phase plug 3 and the horn 2 to ensure that the acoustic signal flows from the gap between the phase plug 3 and the horn 2. To spread.
  • the surface area of the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4 referred to herein refers to the surface area of the outer surface of the effective sound-producing vibration portion of the speaker diaphragm 4 arranged in the sound inlet of the horn 2.
  • the speaker device provided by the present application further includes a bracket 6. Since the surface area of the phase plug 3 is generally smaller than the cross-sectional area inside the horn 2, the phase plug 3 is fixed inside the horn 2 through the bracket 6 to ensure that the position of the phase plug 3 is not in the process of propagating in the horn 2. Changes occur, and the acoustic signal propagates smoothly from the gap between the phase plug 3 and the horn 2.
  • the other end of the three brackets 6 is fixed on the inside of the horn, and the sound outlet of the horn 2 From the perspective of the sound inlet, the three brackets 6 form 120 degrees with each other.
  • the phase plug 3 is fixed on the horn 2 through the three brackets 6, so that the phase plug 3 does not change position with the propagation of the sound signal, so as to ensure that the relative position between the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 remains unchanged, thereby forming an indispensable Compressed air chamber 5.
  • connection mode of the bracket 6 and the phase plug 3 and the fixing mode of the bracket 6 and the horn 2 are the connection modes in the prior art, which are not limited in this application.
  • number of brackets 6 is not limited to three, and the number of brackets 6 can be increased or decreased according to actual needs.
  • the fixing method of the phase plug 3 in the present application is not limited to the fixing method proposed in the above-mentioned embodiment, and may also be any other method.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of a front view and an oblique 45-degree front view structure of a phase plug fixing method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the horn 2, the phase plug 3 and the bracket 6 can be assembled by one-time forming, so that the horn 2, the phase plug 3 and the bracket 6 are integrated. Therefore, errors caused by the assembly between the bracket 6 and the horn 2 and the assembly between the bracket 6 and the phase plug 3 are avoided, and the manufacturing cost is also reduced.
  • the bracket 6 should be evenly distributed between the horn 2 and the phase plug 3 to ensure that the acoustic signal is evenly propagated from the gap between the horn 2 and the phase plug 3.
  • the bracket 6 is not located on the plane where the phase plug 3 is located.
  • the bracket 6 should be located on the plane where the phase plug 3 is located to ensure that the phase plug 3 is parallel to the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • the shape of the phase plug 3 includes a circular shape, a hemispherical shape, and the like.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a speaker device with an index model angle provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in Figure 4, in one embodiment, taking the index model angle as an example, the phase plug 3 is set at the sound inlet of the horn 2, and the speaker sound unit 1 and the sound inlet of the horn 2 are connected, at this time through the speaker diaphragm 4. An incompressible air cavity 5 is formed between the horn 2 and the phase plug 3.
  • the sound waves pass through the incompressible air cavity 5, travel into the horn 2 without loss, and then spread out through the horn 5.
  • the diameter of the cross-sectional area of the sound inlet of the horn 2 is increased from the original d1 to d2, so that the impedance Zms of the speaker device itself is matched with the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space, and the speaker device is increased.
  • the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound in the propagation space improves the radiation efficiency of the speaker and increases the output of the sound signal of the speaker device at high frequencies.
  • the actual test results show that an incompressible air cavity 5 is formed between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 as measured by the detection device, and then the sound wave propagates into the horn through the incompressible air cavity 5. Then propagate out from the sound outlet, through the specific structure of the speaker device of the present application, the high-frequency sound signal can be propagated and enhanced, and the frequency of the sound wave can be enhanced by 8dB-10dB in the range of 2kHz-20Khz.
  • This application provides a loudspeaker device.
  • the phase plug When the phase plug is placed in the horn and the distance from the loudspeaker diaphragm is smaller or far smaller than the wavelength ⁇ of the acoustic signal, an incompressible air cavity 5 is formed between the loudspeaker diaphragm and the phase plug.
  • the impedance Zms of the speaker device itself So that the sound signal is transmitted into the horn through the incompressible air cavity without loss, and the impedance Zms of the speaker device itself is matched with the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space, and the sound of the speaker device is increased in the propagation space.
  • the radiation impedance Zmr improves the radiation efficiency of the speaker and increases the output of the acoustic signal of the speaker device at high frequencies.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a speaker device, which includes a speaker sound unit 1, a horn 2, a phase plug 3, and an air cavity 5.
  • the speaker sound unit 1 includes a speaker diaphragm 4, and the speaker sound unit 1 converts an electric signal into an acoustic signal through the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • Horn 2 includes the sound inlet and the sound outlet. Generally, the radius of the sound inlet is smaller than the radius of the sound outlet.
  • the sound inlet of the horn 2 is connected to the speaker sound unit 1, and then the speaker sound unit 1 transmits the sound signal from the sound inlet of the horn 2 into the horn 2 through the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • a horn 2 is added to the speaker sound unit 1 to amplify the sound signal and then spread out from the sound outlet, so as to increase the sound pressure level of the speaker sound unit 1 to enhance the sound reinforcement effect.
  • the main function of the horn 2 is to achieve impedance matching.
  • Realization of impedance matching is mainly determined by two indicators: one is the area of the speaker diaphragm 4, and the other is the cross-sectional area of the sound outlet of the horn 2.
  • Horn 2 realizes impedance matching mainly by area ratio.
  • this application changes the impedance of horn 2’s sound inlet and horn 2’s sound outlet by changing the cross-sectional area of horn 2’s sound inlet and horn 2’s sound outlet.
  • the impedance of the speaker itself is matched with the spatial radiation impedance of the speaker to increase the sound.
  • the specific area ratio needs to be adapted according to the actual size of the speaker diaphragm 4 and the structure of the horn 2.
  • the shape of the horn 2 mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be catenary model angle, hyperbolic model angle, index model angle, tapered horn, etc.
  • the selected shape depends on the equipment used, and different equipment According to its internal design space size and reserved space shape, choose the corresponding horn shape.
  • the expression of the radiation efficiency ⁇ of the speaker device is:
  • Zms is the impedance of the speaker device itself
  • Zeb is the impedance of the circuit system of the speaker device
  • Zmr is the radiation impedance of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space
  • BL is the magnetic force coefficient of the speaker device.
  • the direct radiation efficiency of the speaker ⁇ 1% in order to improve the radiation efficiency of the speaker, the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound in the propagation space can be increased. Since the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound of the speaker device in the propagation space is related to the cross-sectional area of the horn 2, that is, as the cross-sectional area of the horn 2 gradually increases, the radiation impedance Zmr will gradually increase. The efficiency ⁇ gradually increases.
  • phase plug 3 is arranged in the horn 2, next to the speaker diaphragm 4, and the relative position between the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 remains unchanged, thereby forming an incompressible air cavity 5.
  • the surface of the phase plug 3 close to the speaker diaphragm 4 is parallel to the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • the thickness of the incompressible air cavity 5 formed by the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 is equal everywhere to ensure that all acoustic signals pass through the incompressible air cavity 5 at the same time.
  • the shape of the speaker diaphragm 4 is generally round, hemispherical, bowl-shaped, and so on.
  • phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 are parallel, and the thickness of the incompressible air cavity 5 formed by the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 is equal everywhere, the shape of the phase plug 3 and the speaker
  • the shape of the diaphragm 4 is similar, and can be round, hemispherical, bowl-shaped, and the like.
  • the acoustic signal in this application is an acoustic wave in the form of a dense wave, that is, the alternating propagation of air molecules will produce compression and expansion, and then spread the sound. Since air molecules need to consume energy in the process of compression and expansion, the sound will become smaller. If the distance between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 is close enough, an incompressible air cavity will be produced. When sound waves propagate in the air in the air cavity, energy is not consumed, so that sound waves can spread without loss. .
  • the incompressible air cavity 5 can be equivalent to a rigid capacitive reactance, and the capacitive reactance it brings can be expressed as:
  • the distance d between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 in the implementation of this application is much smaller than the wavelength ⁇ of the acoustic signal, and the incompressible air cavity 5 formed between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 can be realized.
  • the acoustic signal is transmitted without loss.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the acoustic signal is based on the wavelength formula It can be seen that the higher the frequency of the acoustic signal, the shorter the wavelength.
  • the wavelength of the acoustic signal when it passes through the incompressible air cavity 5 is 0.17 m to 0.017 m. Therefore, the distance d between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 should be less than 0.17m.
  • the distance between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 in the embodiment of the present application is most suitable to be between 0.5 mm and 1 mm.
  • the speaker diaphragm 4 can be arranged in the sound inlet of the horn 2, and then other components of the speaker sound unit 1 are arranged on the horn. Since the thickness of the incompressible air cavity 5 formed by the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 is required to be small, it is difficult to control the gap between the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 during the process of installing the speaker sound unit 1 on the horn 2. Therefore, first install the speaker diaphragm 4 on the horn 2 so that the speaker diaphragm 4 and the phase plug 3 form an incompressible air cavity 5, and then install other parts of the speaker sound unit 1, so as to avoid the speaker sound unit 1 and The error caused by the assembly of the phase plug 3.
  • the phase plug 3 can be made of plastic, metal and other materials.
  • the surface area of the surface of the phase plug 3 close to the speaker diaphragm 4 is 1/2-2/3 times the surface area of the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4. If the surface area of the phase plug 3 is too small, the phase plug 3 cannot Play the role of incompressible cavity.
  • the surface area of the phase plug 3 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the fixed position inside the horn 2, so that there is a gap between the phase plug 3 and the horn 2 to ensure that the acoustic signal flows from the gap between the phase plug 3 and the horn 2. To spread.
  • the surface area of the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4 referred to herein refers to the surface area of the outer surface of the effective sound-producing vibration portion of the speaker diaphragm 4 arranged in the sound inlet of the horn 2.
  • the speaker device provided by the present application further includes a bracket 6. Since the surface area of the phase plug 3 is generally smaller than the cross-sectional area inside the horn 2, the phase plug 3 is fixed inside the horn 2 through the bracket 6 to ensure that the position of the phase plug 3 is not in the process of propagating in the horn 2. Changes occur, and the acoustic signal propagates smoothly from the gap between the phase plug 3 and the horn 2.
  • the horn 2, the phase plug 3, and the bracket 6 can be assembled by one-time forming, so that the horn 2, the phase plug 3 and the bracket 6 are integrated, thereby avoiding the bracket 6 and the bracket 6
  • the errors caused by the assembly between the horn 2 and the assembly between the bracket 6 and the phase plug 3 also reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • the bracket 6 should be evenly distributed between the horn 2 and the phase plug 3 to ensure that the acoustic signal is evenly propagated from the gap between the horn 2 and the phase plug 3.
  • the other end of the three brackets 6 is fixed on the inside of the horn, and the sound outlet of the horn 2 From the perspective of the sound inlet, the three brackets 6 form 120 degrees with each other.
  • the phase plug 3 is fixed on the horn 2 through the three brackets 6, so that the phase plug 3 does not change position with the propagation of the sound signal, so as to ensure that the relative position between the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 remains unchanged, thereby forming an indispensable Compressed air chamber 5.
  • connection mode of the bracket 6 and the phase plug 3 and the fixing mode of the bracket 6 and the horn 2 are the connection modes in the prior art, which are not limited in this application.
  • number of brackets 6 is not limited to three, and the number of brackets 6 can be increased or decreased according to actual needs.
  • the fixing method of the phase plug 3 in the present application is not limited to the fixing method proposed in the above-mentioned embodiment, and may also be any other method.
  • the bracket 6 is not located on the plane where the phase plug 3 is located.
  • the bracket 6 should be located on the plane where the phase plug 3 is located to ensure that the phase plug 3 is parallel to the outer surface of the speaker diaphragm 4.
  • the shape of the phase plug 3 includes a circular shape, a hemispherical shape, and the like.
  • the bracket 6 should be located on the plane where the phase plug 3 is located, and the thickness of the incompressible air cavity 5 formed by the phase plug 3 and the speaker diaphragm 4 is equal everywhere to ensure that all acoustic signals cannot pass through.
  • the time for compressing the air chamber 5 is the same.
  • the direct radiation efficiency of the speaker ⁇ 1% in order to improve the radiation efficiency of the speaker, the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound in the propagation space can be increased.
  • the impedance matching between the direct radiation impedance Zms of the speaker and the spatial radiation impedance Zmr of the speaker is realized. Since the radiation impedance Zmr of the sound of the device of the application in the propagation space is related to the cross-sectional area of horn 2, that is, as the cross-sectional area of horn 2 gradually increases, the radiation impedance Zmr will gradually increase.
  • the radiation efficiency ⁇ is also gradually increasing, which increases the acoustic signal output of the device of the present application at high frequencies.
  • the speaker device provided in this application can be applied to all audio devices such as AI speakers, soundbars, TVs, notebooks, and smart phones.
  • a plurality of speaker devices provided in this application can be formed into a speaker array, which can be used in large gatherings such as conference rooms and concerts to improve the application scenarios of the speaker devices provided in this application.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种扬声器装置，该装置包括：扬声器发声单元，包括扬声器振膜，扬声器发声单元用于将电信号通过扬声器振膜转换成声信号；号角，号角包括入声口和出声口，扬声器发声单元设置在入声口上，号角用于将声信号进行放大，然后通过出声口传播出去；相位塞，用于对来自入声口的声信号进行相位和/或幅度调整；所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的相对位置不变，以构成一个不可压缩气腔。本申请实现扬声器装置自身的阻抗与扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗的匹配，同时增加扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗，从而提高扬声器的辐射效率，增加了扬声器装置在高频时声信号的输出。

Description

一种扬声器装置
本申请要求于2019年04月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201920606974.2、申请名称为“一种扬声器装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及影像设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种扬声器装置。
背景技术
随着现在智能设备的发展，设备上的扬声器应用越来越广泛，从而导致对扬声器的要求越来越高。现有技术中扬声器系统中，扬声器发声单元上设置有号角，然后在号角内设置有相位塞，通过相位塞的路径补偿，消除因路径差而产生的干涉，从而优化扩声效果，提高声音的还原度和保真度。但是在输出高频声信号时，衰减的比较厉害，所以该扬声器不利于声信号在高频时进行传播。
发明内容
为了克服上述问题，本申请的实施例提供了一种扬声器装置。
为了达到上述目的，本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种扬声器装置，包括：扬声器发声单元，包括扬声器振膜，所述扬声器发声单元用于将电信号通过所述扬声器振膜转换成声信号；号角，所述号角包括入声口和出声口，所述扬声器发声单元设置在所述入声口上，所述号角用于将所述声信号进行放大，然后通过所述出声口传播出去；相位塞，用于对来自所述入声口的所述声信号进行相位和/或幅度调整；所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的相对位置不变，以构成一个不可压缩气腔。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述相位塞的表面与所述扬声器振膜的外表面相平行。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的距离小于所述声信号的波长。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的距离为0.5mm～1mm。
在另一个可能的实现中，还包括支架，所述相位塞通过所述支架固定在所述号角内。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述支架为三个，所述相位塞通过所述三个支架固定在所述号角内，且所述三个支架之间对称放置。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述三个支架之间互成120度放置。
在另一个可能的实现中，通过一次成型的制作方式将所述号角、所述相位塞和所述支架构成一体。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述支架位于所述相位塞所在的平面上。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述相位塞的表面的表面积是所述扬声器振膜的外表面的表面积的1/2-2/3倍。
在另一个可能的实现中，所述相位塞的形状包括圆形、碗形和半球形。
在另一个可能的实现中，通过将所述扬声器发声单元和所述相位塞固定在所述号角上，由所述扬声器发声单元中的所述扬声器振膜、所述号角和所述相位塞构成不可压缩气腔。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种扬声器装置，包括：扬声器发声单元，包括扬声器振膜，所述扬声器发声单元用于将电信号通过所述扬声器振膜转换成声信号；号角，所述号角包括入声口和出声口，所述扬声器发声单元设置在所述入声口上，所述号角用于将所述声信号进行放大，然后通过所述出声口传播出去；相位塞，用于对来自所述入声口的所述声信号进行相位和/或幅度调整；所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的相对位置不变，以构成一个气腔，且所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的距离小于所述声信号的波长，为0.5mm～1mm。
本申请提供了一种扬声器装置，通过将相位塞设置号角内且与扬声器振膜的距离小于或远小于声信号的波长λ时，在扬声器振膜和相位塞之间构成一个不可压缩气腔，使得声信号通过不可压缩气腔无损的传播到号角内，实现扬声器装置自身的阻抗Zms与扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr的匹配，同时增加扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr，从而提高扬声器的辐射效率，增加了扬声器装置在高频时声信号的输出。
附图说明
下面对实施例或现有技术描述中所需使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种扬声器装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种相位塞固定方式的正视结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种相位塞固定方式的斜45度正视结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种指数型号角的扬声器装置的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的指数型号角的扬声器装置增强声信号的频率曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是抵触连接或一体的连接；对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种扬声器装置的结构示意图。如图1所示的扬声器装置中，包括扬声器发声单元1、号角2和相位塞3。其中，扬声器发声单元1包括扬声器振膜4，扬声器发声单元1通过扬声器振膜4将电信号转换成声信号。
号角2包括入声口和出声口，一般情况下入声口的半径小于出声口的半径。号角2的入声口与扬声器发声单元1相连接，然后扬声器发声单元1通过扬声器振膜4将声信号从号角2的入声口进入号角2内。本申请通过在扬声器发声单元1上加装号角2，用于将声信号进行放大，然后从出声口传播出去，实现提高扬声器发声单元1的声压级(音量的声学单位)，以提升扩声效果。
在本申请实施例中，号角2的主要作用是实现阻抗匹配。实现阻抗匹配主要受两个指标：一是扬声器振膜4的面积，一是号角2的出声口的横截面积。根据扬声器振膜4的面积来设计号角2的入声口横截面积和号角2出声口的横截面积；将号角2的出声口阻抗按横截面积比折算成号角2的入声口阻抗。号角2实现阻抗匹配主要靠面积比，因此本申请通过改变号角2的入声口横截面积和号角2的出声口横截面积来改变号角2入声口和号角2出声口的阻抗，实现扬声器本身阻抗与扬声器空间辐射阻抗的匹配，来增大声音。在实际情况中，具体面积比的大小需要根据实际扬声器振膜4大小和号角2的结构做适配。
可选地，本申请实施例中提及的号角2的形状可以悬链线型号角、双曲线型号角、指数型号角、锥形号角等，所选用的形状跟应用的设备有关，不同的设备根据其内部设计的空间大小和预留的空间形状，选择对应的号角形状。
在一个实施例中，当号角2的入声口设置有扬声器发声单元1时，扬声器装置的辐射效率η表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000001
其中，Zms为扬声器装置自身的阻抗，Zeb为扬声器装置的电路系统的阻抗，Zmr为扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗，
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000002
为取实部，BL为扬声器装置的磁力 系数。
通常来说，扬声器直接辐射效率η<1％，为了提升扬声器的辐射效率，可以提升声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr。由于扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr的大小跟号角2的横截面积有关，也即随着号角2的横截面积逐渐增大，辐射阻抗Zmr也会逐渐增大，此时辐射效率η也逐渐增高。
相位塞3设置在号角2内，紧挨着扬声器振膜4，且相位塞3和扬声器振膜4之间相对位置不变，从而构成一个不可压缩气腔5。
在一种可能的结构中，相位塞3的靠近扬声器振膜4一侧的表面与扬声器振膜4的外表面相平行。
在一种可能的结构中，通过相位塞3和扬声器振膜4构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度处处相等，以保证所有声信号通过不可压缩气腔5的时间相同。
在一种可能的实现方式中，扬声器振膜4的形状一般多为圆形、半球形、碗形等等。
需要说明的是，由于上述提到相位塞3和扬声器振膜4相平行、相位塞3与扬声器振膜4构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度处处相等的结构，所以相位塞3的形状和扬声器振膜4的形状相似，可为圆形、半球形、碗形等形状。
本申请中的声信号为一种疏密波形式的声波，即空气分子的相互交替传播会产生压缩和膨胀，进而传播声音。由于空气分子在压缩和膨胀过程中是需要消耗能量的，会导致声音变小。如果扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间距离足够近，则会产生一个不可压缩的气腔，声波在这气腔中的空气中进行传播时，是不消耗能量的，从而实现声波无损的传播。
不可压缩气腔5可等效为一个刚度容抗，其带来的容抗可以表达为：
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000003
其中，k为声信号的波数，d为扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间的距离，λ为声信号的波长。
当d＜＜λ时，
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000004
容抗非常大，即为不可压缩，此时声信号沿扬声器振膜4到相位塞3的方向进行传播时的截面积的速度相等，实现声信号无损的通过不可压缩气腔5，传播到号角2中。
也就是说，本申请实施中扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间的距离d要远小于声信号的波长λ，在扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间构成的不可压缩气腔5才能实现声信号无损进行传播。
其中，声信号的波长λ根据波长公式
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000005
可知，声信号的频率越高，波长越短。对于本申请实施提供的扬声器装置对频率在2kHz～20Khz的声信号进行传播时，声信号通过不可压缩气腔5时的波长为0.17m～0.017m。所以扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间的距离d要小于0.17m。
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据实际应用的测量，本申请实施例中的扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间的距离在0.5mm～1mm之间最为合适。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可将扬声器振膜4设置在号角2入声口中，然后扬声器发声单元1的其它部件设置在号角上。由于要求通过扬声器振膜4和相位塞3构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度很小，在将扬声器发声单元1设置在号角2过程中，很难把控扬声器振膜4与相位塞3之间的距离，所以先把扬声器振膜4安装在号角2上，使得扬声器振膜4与相位塞3构成不可压缩气腔5后，再安装扬声器发声单元1的其它部件，从而避免扬声器发声单元1与相位塞3的组装带来的误差。
本申请实施例中相位塞3可以由塑料、金属等材料构成。其中，相位塞3的靠近扬声器振膜4一侧的表面的表面积是扬声器振膜4的外表面的表面积的1/2-2/3倍，如果相位塞3的表面积过小，相位塞3不能起到不可压缩腔的作用。另外，相位塞3的表面积要小于处于号角2内部的固定位置的横截面积，这样在相位塞3和号角2之间存有缝隙，以保证声信号从相位塞3和号角2之间的缝隙进行传播。
其中，这里所说的扬声器振膜4的外表面的表面积是指扬声器振膜4设置在号角2入声口内的有效发声振动部位的外表面的表面积。
另外，本申请提供的扬声器装置还包括支架6。由于相位塞3的表面积一般都小于号角2内部的横截面积，所以通过支架6将相位塞3固定在号角2内部，以保证声信号在号角2内进行传播的过程中，相位塞3位置不发生变化，且声信号顺利的从相位塞3和号角2之间的缝隙中进行传播。
在一个实施例中，本申请有三个支架6，通过将三个支架6的一端连接在相位塞3边缘上，三个支架6的另一端固定在号角内部上，而且从号角2出声口向入声口的角度来看，三个支架6之间互成120度。通过这三个支架6将相位塞3固定在号角2上，使得相位塞3不随声信号的传播发生位置变化，以保证相位塞3和扬声器振膜4之间相对位置不变，从而构成一个不可压缩气腔5。
其中，支架6与相位塞3的连接方式、支架6与号角2的固定方式为现有技术中的连接方式，本申请不作限定。另外，支架6的数量不仅限定在三个，可以根据实际需要增加或减少支架6的数量。
需要说明的是，本申请中相位塞3的固定方式不仅限于上述实施例提出的的固定方式，还可以为其它任何方式。
图2、图3为本申请实施例提供的一种相位塞固定方式的正视和斜45度正视结构 示意图。如图所示，在一个实施例中，在制作扬声器装置过程中，可将号角2、相位塞3和支架6通过一次成型的生成方式组装，使得号角2、相位塞3和支架6成为一体，从而避免支架6与号角2之间的组装和支架6与相位塞3之间的组装带来的误差，也降低了制作成本。
其中，支架6要均匀的分布在号角2和相位塞3之间，以保证声信号均匀的从号角2和相位塞3之间的缝隙中传播。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支架6不位于相位塞3所在的平面上。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，支架6要位于相位塞3所在的平面上，以保证相位塞3与扬声器振膜4的外表面相平行。此时，相位塞3的形状包括圆形、半球形等形状。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，支架6要位于相位塞3所在的平面上，通过相位塞3和扬声器振膜4构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度处处相等，以保证所有声信号通过不可压缩气腔5的时间相同。图4为本申请实施例提供的一种指数型号角的扬声器装置的示意图。如图4所示，在一个实施例中，以指数型号角为例，相位塞3设置在号角2入声口处，扬声器发声单元1和号角2入声口连接，此时通过扬声器振膜4、号角2和相位塞3之间构成一个不可压缩气腔5。
当扬声器振膜4振动发出声波后，声波通过不可压缩气腔5，无损的传播到号角2内处，然后通过号角5传播出去。此时号角2的入声口横截面积的直径由原来的d1增大为d2，实现扬声器装置自身的阻抗Zms与扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr的匹配，同时增加扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr，从而提高扬声器的辐射效率，增加了扬声器装置在高频时声信号的输出。
如图5所示，由实际测试结果可知，通过检测装置测得，在扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间构成一个不可压缩气腔5，然后声波通过不可压缩气腔5传播到号角中，再从出声口传播出去，通过本申请扬声器装置的特定的结构，使得高频声信号能够进行传播和增强，声波的频率在2kHz～20Khz范围内有8dB～10dB的增强。
本申请提供了一种扬声器装置，通过将相位塞设置号角内且与扬声器振膜的距离小于或远小于声信号的波长λ时，在扬声器振膜和相位塞之间构成一个不可压缩气腔5，使得声信号通过不可压缩气腔无损的传播到号角内，实现扬声器装置自身的阻抗Zms与扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr的匹配，同时增加扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr，从而提高扬声器的辐射效率，增加了扬声器装置在高频时声信号的输出。
本申请实施例还提供了一种扬声器装置，该装置包括扬声器发声单元1、号角2、相位塞3和气腔5。
其中，扬声器发声单元1包括扬声器振膜4，扬声器发声单元1通过扬声器振膜4将电信号转换成声信号。
号角2包括入声口和出声口，一般情况下入声口的半径小于出声口的半径。号角2的入声口与扬声器发声单元1相连接，然后扬声器发声单元1通过扬声器振膜4将声信号从号角2的入声口进入号角2内。本申请通过在扬声器发声单元1上加装号角2，用于将声信号进行放大，然后从出声口传播出去，实现提高扬声器发声单元1的声压级，以提升扩声效果。
在本申请实施例中，号角2的主要作用是实现阻抗匹配。实现阻抗匹配主要受两个指标：一是扬声器振膜4的面积，一是号角2的出声口的横截面积。根据扬声器振膜4的面积来设计号角2的入声口横截面积和号角2出声口的横截面积；将号角2的出声口阻抗按横截面积比折算成号角2的入声口阻抗。号角2实现阻抗匹配主要靠面积比，因此本申请通过改变号角2的入声口横截面积和号角2的出声口横截面积来改变号角2入声口和号角2出声口的阻抗，实现扬声器本身阻抗与扬声器空间辐射阻抗的匹配，来增大声音。在实际情况中，具体面积比的大小需要根据实际扬声器振膜4大小和号角2的结构做适配。
可选地，本申请实施例中提及的号角2的形状可以悬链线型号角、双曲线型号角、指数型号角、锥形号角等，所选用的形状跟应用的设备有关，不同的设备根据其内部设计的空间大小和预留的空间形状，选择对应的号角形状。
在一个实施例中，当号角2的入声口设置有扬声器发声单元1时，扬声器装置的辐射效率η表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000006
其中，Zms为扬声器装置自身的阻抗，Zeb为扬声器装置的电路系统的阻抗，Zmr为扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗，
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000007
为取实部，BL为扬声器装置的磁力系数。
通常来说，扬声器直接辐射效率η<1％，为了提升扬声器的辐射效率，可以提升声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr。由于扬声器装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr的大小跟号角2的横截面积有关，也即随着号角2的横截面积逐渐增大，辐射阻抗Zmr也会逐渐增大，此时辐射效率η也逐渐增高。
相位塞3设置在号角2内，紧挨着扬声器振膜4，且相位塞3和扬声器振膜4之间相对位置不变，从而构成一个不可压缩气腔5。
在一种可能的结构中，相位塞3的靠近扬声器振膜4一侧的表面与扬声器振膜4的外表面相平行。
在一种可能的结构中，通过相位塞3和扬声器振膜4构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度处处相等，以保证所有声信号通过不可压缩气腔5的时间相同。
在一种可能的实现方式中，扬声器振膜4的形状一般多为圆形、半球形、碗形等等。
需要说明的是，由于上述提到相位塞3和扬声器振膜4相平行、相位塞3与扬声器振膜4构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度处处相等的结构，所以相位塞3的形状和扬声器振膜4的形状相似，可为圆形、半球形、碗形等形状。
本申请中的声信号为一种疏密波形式的声波，即空气分子的相互交替传播会产生压缩和膨胀，进而传播声音。由于空气分子在压缩和膨胀过程中是需要消耗能量的，会导致声音变小。如果扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间距离足够近，则会产生一个不可压缩的气腔，声波在这气腔中的空气中进行传播时，是不消耗能量的，从而实现声波无损的传播。
不可压缩气腔5可等效为一个刚度容抗，其带来的容抗可以表达为：
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000008
当d＜＜λ时，
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000009
容抗非常大，即为不可压缩，此时声信号沿扬声器振膜4到相位塞3的方向进行传播时的截面积的速度相等，实现声信号无损的通过不可压缩气腔5，传播到号角2中。
也就是说，本申请实施中扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间的距离d要远小于声信号的波长λ，在扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间构成的不可压缩气腔5才能实现声信号无损进行传播。
其中，声信号的波长λ根据波长公式
Figure PCTCN2019124904-appb-000010
可知，声信号的频率越高，波长越短。对于本申请实施提供的扬声器装置对频率在2kHz～20Khz的声信号进行传播时，声信号通过不可压缩气腔5时的波长为0.17m～0.017m。所以扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间的距离d要小于0.17m。
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据实际应用的测量，本申请实施例中的扬声器振膜4和相位塞3之间的距离在0.5mm～1mm之间最为合适。
在一种可能的实现的情况下，可将扬声器振膜4设置在号角2入声口中，然后扬声器发声单元1的其它部件设置在号角上。由于要求通过扬声器振膜4和相位塞3构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度很小，在将扬声器发声单元1设置在号角2过程中，很难把控扬声器振膜4与相位塞3之间的距离，所以先把扬声器振膜4安装在号角2上，使得扬声器振膜4与相位塞3构成不可压缩气腔5后，再安装扬声器发声单元1的其它部件，从而避免扬声器发声单元1与相位塞3的组装带来的误差。
本申请实施例中相位塞3可以由塑料、金属等材料构成。其中，相位塞3的靠近扬声器振膜4一侧的表面的表面积是扬声器振膜4的外表面的表面积的1/2-2/3倍，如 果相位塞3的表面积过小，相位塞3不能起到不可压缩腔的作用。另外，相位塞3的表面积要小于处于号角2内部的固定位置的横截面积，这样在相位塞3和号角2之间存有缝隙，以保证声信号从相位塞3和号角2之间的缝隙进行传播。
其中，这里所说的扬声器振膜4的外表面的表面积是指扬声器振膜4设置在号角2入声口内的有效发声振动部位的外表面的表面积。
另外，本申请提供的扬声器装置还包括支架6。由于相位塞3的表面积一般都小于号角2内部的横截面积，所以通过支架6将相位塞3固定在号角2内部，以保证声信号在号角2内进行传播的过程中，相位塞3位置不发生变化，且声信号顺利的从相位塞3和号角2之间的缝隙中进行传播。
在一个实施例中，在制作扬声器装置过程中，可将号角2、相位塞3和支架6通过一次成型的生成方式组装，使得号角2、相位塞3和支架6成为一体，从而避免支架6与号角2之间的组装和支架6与相位塞3之间的组装带来的误差，也降低了制作成本。
其中，支架6要均匀的分布在号角2和相位塞3之间，以保证声信号均匀的从号角2和相位塞3之间的缝隙中传播。
在一个实施例中，本申请有三个支架6，通过将三个支架6的一端连接在相位塞3边缘上，三个支架6的另一端固定在号角内部上，而且从号角2出声口向入声口的角度来看，三个支架6之间互成120度。通过这三个支架6将相位塞3固定在号角2上，使得相位塞3不随声信号的传播发生位置变化，以保证相位塞3和扬声器振膜4之间相对位置不变，从而构成一个不可压缩气腔5。
其中，支架6与相位塞3的连接方式、支架6与号角2的固定方式为现有技术中的连接方式，本申请不作限定。另外，支架6的数量不仅限定在三个，可以根据实际需要增加或减少支架6的数量。
需要说明的是，本申请中相位塞3的固定方式不仅限于上述实施例提出的的固定方式，还可以为其它任何方式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支架6不位于相位塞3所在的平面上。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，支架6要位于相位塞3所在的平面上，以保证相位塞3与扬声器振膜4的外表面相平行。此时，相位塞3的形状包括圆形、半球形等形状。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，支架6要位于相位塞3所在的平面上，通过相位塞3和扬声器振膜4构成的不可压缩气腔5的厚度处处相等，以保证所有声信号通过不可压缩气腔5的时间相同。
通常来说，扬声器直接辐射效率η<1％，为了提升扬声器的辐射效率，可以提升声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr。通过该装置，首先实现扬声器直接辐射阻抗Zms与扬声器空间辐射阻抗Zmr的阻抗匹配。由于本申请装置的声音在传播空间中的辐射阻抗Zmr的大小跟号角2的横截面积有关，也即随着号角2的横截面积逐渐增大，辐 射阻抗Zmr也会逐渐增大，此时辐射效率η也逐渐增高，增加了本申请装置在高频时声信号的输出。
需要说明的是，本申请提供的扬声器装置可以应用在AI音响、soundbar、电视、笔记本、智能手机等所有音频设备上。
当然，可以将多个本申请提供的扬声器装置构成一个扬声器阵列，应用在会议室、演唱会等大型集会现场，以提升本申请提供的扬声器装置的应用场景。
在本说明书的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以适合的方式结合。
最后说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种扬声器装置，其特征在于，包括：
    扬声器发声单元，包括扬声器振膜，所述扬声器发声单元用于将电信号通过所述扬声器振膜转换成声信号；
    号角，所述号角包括入声口和出声口，所述扬声器发声单元设置在所述入声口上，所述号角用于将所述声信号进行放大，然后通过所述出声口传播出去；
    相位塞，用于对来自所述入声口的所述声信号进行相位和/或幅度调整；
    所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的相对位置不变，以构成一个不可压缩气腔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述相位塞的表面与所述扬声器振膜的外表面相平行。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的距离小于所述声信号的波长。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的距离为0.5mm～1mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括支架，所述相位塞通过所述支架固定在所述号角内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述支架为三个，所述相位塞通过所述三个支架固定在所述号角内，且所述三个支架之间对称放置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述三个支架之间互成120度放置。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，通过一次成型的制作方式将所述号角、所述相位塞和所述支架构成一体。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述支架位于所述相位塞所在的平面上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述相位塞的靠近所述扬声器振膜一侧的表面的表面积是所述扬声器振膜的外表面的表面积的1/2-2/3倍。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述相位塞的形状包括圆形、半球形和碗形。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，通过将所述扬声器发声单元和所述相位塞固定在所述号角上，由所述扬声器发声单元中的所述扬声器振膜、所述号角和所述相位塞构成不可压缩气腔。
  13. 一种扬声器装置，其特征在于，包括：
    扬声器发声单元，包括扬声器振膜，所述扬声器发声单元用于将电信号通过所述扬声器振膜转换成声信号；
    号角，所述号角包括入声口和出声口，所述扬声器发声单元设置在所述入声口上，所述号角用于将所述声信号进行放大，然后通过所述出声口传播出去；
    相位塞，用于对来自所述入声口的所述声信号进行相位和/或幅度调整；
    所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的相对位置不变，以构成一个气腔，且所述扬声器振膜和所述相位塞之间的距离小于所述声信号的波长，为0.5mm～1mm。
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