WO2020243885A1 - 一种天线及基站 - Google Patents

一种天线及基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020243885A1
WO2020243885A1 PCT/CN2019/089874 CN2019089874W WO2020243885A1 WO 2020243885 A1 WO2020243885 A1 WO 2020243885A1 CN 2019089874 W CN2019089874 W CN 2019089874W WO 2020243885 A1 WO2020243885 A1 WO 2020243885A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sub
antenna
antennas
radio frequency
array
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/089874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
覃名富
汪利标
陈思雁
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2019/089874 priority Critical patent/WO2020243885A1/zh
Priority to CN201980097050.7A priority patent/CN113906632B/zh
Priority to EP19931968.2A priority patent/EP3968461A4/en
Publication of WO2020243885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020243885A1/zh
Priority to US17/541,389 priority patent/US12113297B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/10—Access point devices adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and a base station.
  • the current mainstream split antennas are 2*2T2R, and there are also 2*4T4R.
  • they are basically fixed and cannot be made adaptive evolution.
  • an antenna either only supports 1*4T4R mode, or only supports 2*4T4R mode, or only supports 4*4T4R mode.
  • the antenna cannot be adapted to switch from the 1*4T4R mode to the 2*4T4R mode or the 4*4T4R mode, and the antenna can only be re-established, causing a waste of resources.
  • the present application provides an antenna and a base station to improve the applicability of the antenna.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna, which is used to transmit signals.
  • the antenna includes digital shaping and analog shaping; wherein the structure used for analog shaping includes: adjacent The first sub-array and the second sub-array are arranged, wherein the first sub-array includes N first sub-antennas arranged in an array, and the second sub-array includes N second sub-arrays connected to a phase shifter in an array.
  • each row of first sub-antennas includes M first sub-antennas
  • each row of second sub-antennas includes M sub-antennas
  • each row of first antennas and each row of second sub-antennas are arranged in a row
  • the first sub-antenna and the m-th second sub-antenna are connected to a radio frequency unit through a power splitter; where N is a natural number, M is a natural number smaller than N, and m is a natural number smaller than or equal to M.
  • one of the sub-antennas is connected with a phase shifter to realize that the two sub-antennas emit different signals. It can be seen from the above description that when the antenna is shaped, the beam splitting of the antenna can be changed by the cooperation of the simulated shaping, so as to improve the applicability of the antenna without changing the hardware structure.
  • the power division ratio of the power divider connected to the n-th first sub-antenna is equal to that of the M-(n -1)
  • the power split ratio of the power divider connected to the first sub-antenna is opposite; where n is a natural number less than or equal to M.
  • the antenna is shaped according to the set area during shaping.
  • the antenna further includes a digital phase shifter, which is connected to each radio frequency unit and is used to transmit multiple signals to the corresponding radio frequency unit; wherein, the digital shifter The phaser is also used for superimposing at least part of the multiple signals to form a new signal. The signal is superimposed into a new signal through a digital phase shifter.
  • the antenna beam can be changed in different ways.
  • the number of multiple signals transmitted by the digital phase shifter is four, and the beams transmitted by the antenna at this time are four, forming a 4T4R pattern.
  • multiple input signals can be combined through a digital phase shifter to form different beam splitting situations.
  • two signals are superimposed to form a first signal by a digital phase shifter, and the other two signals are superimposed to form a second signal.
  • the antenna emits two beams, thus forming a 2T2R pattern, and the two formed beams cover the same range.
  • a beam can also be formed.
  • the digital phase shifter is also used to superimpose four signals therein to form a fourth signal. The fourth signal is sent to the radio frequency unit to form a beam.
  • the beam of the antenna can be changed in different ways.
  • the digital phase shifter is also used to superimpose three of the signals to form the third signal, and the other signal is directly sent to the radio frequency unit.
  • the 2T2R mode is also formed, but this When forming a wide beam and a narrow beam.
  • any two of the beams can be superimposed to form a third signal, and the other signal can be used as a single signal to form different wide beams and narrow beams.
  • the digital phase shifter transmits each signal to the radio frequency unit in a different phase.
  • phase shifter connected to each second sub-antenna is a 180° phase shifter.
  • phase shifter provided in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to only a 180° phase shifter, and two sub-antennas may be equipped with phase shifters, and the two phase shifters are phase-shifted by ⁇ 90°.
  • any two radio frequency units can also be used, and the output end of any radio frequency unit is connected to the output end of the other radio frequency unit through a phase shifter.
  • a base station in a second aspect, includes the antenna described in any one of the foregoing.
  • digital shaping and analog shaping can be used to change the beam splitting emitted by the antenna, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna without changing the hardware structure.
  • the number of the antennas is two, and the two antennas cover the same area. To improve the communication effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a beamforming of the antenna provided by this application.
  • FIG. 3 is another beamforming of the antenna provided by this application.
  • Figure 4 is another beamforming of the antenna provided by this application.
  • Fig. 5 is another beamforming of the antenna provided by this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 7 is a beamforming of the antenna provided by this application.
  • Fig. 8 is another beamforming of the antenna provided by this application.
  • Fig. 9 is another beamforming of the antenna provided by this application.
  • the antenna is applied to a base station and is used to transmit or receive signals.
  • the direction of the beam emitted by the antenna determines the coverage area of the antenna.
  • the coverage area of the antenna beam is fixed, which causes that when the required coverage area changes during use, the installed antenna cannot be applied. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application provides a new type Antenna.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Beamforming also called beamforming and spatial filtering
  • Beamforming is a signal processing technology that uses a sensor array to send and receive signals directionally.
  • the beamforming technology adjusts the parameters of the basic unit of the phase array, so that signals at certain angles obtain constructive interference, while signals at other angles obtain destructive interference.
  • Beamforming can be used for both the signal transmitting end and the signal receiving end.
  • the beamformer controls the phase and signal amplitude of each transmitting device, so as to obtain the required constructive and destructive interference patterns in the transmitted signal wave array.
  • the signals received by different receivers are combined in an appropriate way to obtain the expected signal radiation pattern.
  • the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application improves the adaptability of the antenna by adjusting the beamforming range of the antenna.
  • the antenna provided in the implementation of the present application implements beamforming of the antenna through analog shaping and digital shaping (digital-analog hybrid shaping).
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 together where FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of sub-antennas in the antenna, and FIG. 3 shows an array composed of antenna 100 and antenna 200, but the structure of antenna 100 and antenna 200 are the same, so Take the antenna 100 as an example for description.
  • the antenna 100 it includes a first sub-array 101 and a second sub-array 102, and the first sub-array 101 and the second sub-array 102 are arranged adjacently.
  • the first sub-array 101 includes N first sub-antennas arranged in an array
  • the second sub-array 102 includes N second sub-antennas arranged in an array, where N is a natural number, such as different natural numbers such as 8, 9, and 10.
  • N is 16, that is, the first sub-array 101 includes 16 first sub-antennas
  • the second sub-array includes 16 second sub-antennas.
  • each row of the first sub-antenna includes M first sub-antennas
  • each row of the second sub-antenna includes M sub-antennas
  • the first antenna of each row and each row The second sub-antennas are arranged in a row.
  • the first sub-array 101 and the second sub-array 102 are set, the first sub-antenna in each row and the second sub-antenna in each row are arranged in parallel, and the first sub-antenna in each row and the second sub-antenna in each row
  • the numbers of the sub-antennas and the second sub-antennas are the same, and both are M (M is a natural number, and M is less than N).
  • M is a natural number, and M is less than N.
  • the number of first sub-antennas in each row and the number of second sub-antennas in each row are four.
  • the first sub-antenna includes: a first sub-antenna 1, a first sub-antenna 2, a first sub-antenna 3, and a first sub-antenna 4;
  • the second sub-antenna includes: a second sub-antenna 5, a second sub-antenna 6,
  • the antenna also includes a radio frequency unit and a power splitter.
  • the m-th first sub-antenna and the m-th second sub-antenna are connected to a radio frequency unit through a power splitter; where m is a natural number less than or equal to M.
  • the first sub-antenna 1 and the second sub-antenna 5 are connected to the radio frequency unit Tx1 through a power splitter, and the first sub-antenna 2 and the second sub-antenna 6 are connected to the radio frequency unit through a power splitter.
  • each second sub-antenna is connected with a phase shifter 30. That is, the phases of the transmitted signals of the two sub-antennas (the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna) connected to each radio frequency unit are different.
  • the output end of the radio frequency unit TX1 is connected to a power divider 20, which is a two power divider, which divides the signal into two and transmits it to the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna respectively. .
  • a power divider 20 which is a two power divider, which divides the signal into two and transmits it to the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna respectively.
  • the ratio of the power allocated to the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna by the power divider 20 shown in FIG. 1 is a: b; where a and b are positive numbers, such as: 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
  • the waves emitted by the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna need to be superimposed at a set angle to be enhanced to achieve the shaping. Therefore, the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna adopt The phases of the signals emitted by the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna are different so that the emitted waves are enhanced at a specific angle.
  • the phase shifter 30 is provided.
  • the phase shifter 30 can be a microstrip line or a straight wire, or other structures that can realize phase shifting. As a result, the phases of the signals emitted by the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna are different.
  • the waves emitted by the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna have the same phase at the required position to achieve shaping.
  • the above-mentioned setting of the phase shifter 30 in one of the sub-antennas is only a specific implementation. In the embodiment of this application, only the phases achieved by the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna at the required positions are required. The same is sufficient.
  • the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna can be connected to the power splitter 20 through the phase shifter 30 respectively, and the phase shifter 30 is adjusted by adjusting the phase shifter 30 connected to each sub-antenna.
  • the angle meets the above requirements. As shown in FIG. 1, when the phase shifter 30 connected to one of the sub-antennas is a 180° phase shifter 30, the phase difference of the signals transmitted by the two sub-antennas is 180°.
  • the signal phase difference is 180°, it can also be equivalently replaced by two sub-antennas connected to a phase shifter, and the phase shift of the two phase shifters 30 is ⁇ 90°, at this time, the phase of the signal transmitted by the two sub-antennas The difference is also 180°. Therefore, the corresponding relationship between the phase shifter 30 and the sub-antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can be determined according to needs. Either only the second sub-antenna is correspondingly connected to the phase shifter 30, or two sub-antennas are respectively connected with the shifter 30. Phase device 30. Of course, the phase shift range of the set phase shifter 30 can be determined according to specific conditions.
  • connection relationship between the other radio frequency units TX2, TX3, TX4 and the corresponding sub-antenna is similar to the connection relationship between the radio frequency unit TX1 and the sub-antenna described above.
  • the radio frequency units TX2, TX3, TX4 are also connected through
  • the power divider 20 of is correspondingly connected to the first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna.
  • the power divider of the n-th first sub-antenna is connected
  • the power split ratio of the amplifier is opposite to that of the power splitter connected to the M-(n-1) first sub-antenna; where n is a natural number less than or equal to M, such as M is 4, and n can be 1. , 2, 3, 4 and other different natural numbers.
  • the four power dividers are arranged along the arrangement direction of the sub-antennas, and the power dividers located at the end and the end have opposite power ratios allocated to the corresponding first and second sub-antennas;
  • the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX1 and the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX4 are located at both ends, and the power distribution ratios of the two power dividers are set respectively:
  • the power distribution ratio of the divider 20 is a:b; and the power distribution ratio of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX4 is b:a.
  • the power divider in the middle distributes the power to the corresponding first sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna in opposite proportions.
  • the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX2 and the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX3 are located at the head and tail ends.
  • the power distribution of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX2 is c:d
  • the power distribution ratio of the power divider 20 corresponding to the unit TX3 is d:c.
  • any radio frequency unit is connected to the output terminal of another radio frequency unit through a phase shifter 30.
  • the radio frequency unit TX1 and the radio frequency unit TX4 are connected by a wire, and the wire can be regarded as the phase shifter 30.
  • the output end of the radio frequency unit TX1 is connected to the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX4 through a wire, and the output of the radio frequency unit TX4 is connected to the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX1 through a wire alone, wherein the The wire can be regarded as a phase shifter 30.
  • the signal input by the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX4 includes: the signal transmitted by the radio frequency unit TX1 and the signal transmitted by the radio frequency unit TX4; and the signal input by the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX1 includes: the radio frequency unit TX1 The transmitted signal and the signal transmitted by the radio frequency unit TX4.
  • the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application first passes digital shaping and then analog shaping.
  • the digital shaping is realized by the digital phase shifter 10.
  • the digital phase shifter 10 is connected to each radio frequency unit, and when in use, the digital phase shifter 10 is used to transmit multiple signals to the corresponding radio frequency unit.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the signals corresponding to the four beams.
  • digital shaping is performed, the signal corresponding to each beam is transmitted to the radio frequency unit. different.
  • the corresponding phases of the signals are: x ⁇ 0°, x ⁇ (270°+ ⁇ °), x ⁇ (180°+ ⁇ °) ), x ⁇ (180°+ ⁇ °).
  • the signals corresponding to beam 4 are input to the radio frequency units TX1, TX2, TX3 and TX4, the corresponding phases of the signals are: x ⁇ 0°, x ⁇ (180°+ ⁇ °), x ⁇ °, x ⁇ ( 270+ ⁇ °).
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are both positive numbers. Adjust the coverage area after beamforming by adjusting ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • the antenna forms a beam forming, and the beam 1, beam 2, beam 3, and beam 4 are arranged in sequence and cover a 120° sector area.
  • the digital phase shifter 10 When the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application is in use, when the beamforming of the antenna needs to be adjusted, the digital phase shifter 10 is used to perform the adjustment, so that the beamforming can be realized through the joint adjustment of the digital forming and the analog forming. In specific digital shaping, the digital phase shifter 10 can also superimpose at least part of the multiple signals to form a new signal. Thus forming a new beam.
  • the adjustment will be described below in conjunction with the drawings.
  • Figure 3 shows two antennas, an upper array and a lower array.
  • the analog and digital shaping methods of the upper array and the lower array are the same, so take the above array as an example. Be explained.
  • the upper array contains 4 rows of sub-antennas, where the number of sub-antennas in each row is eight (four first sub-antennas and four second sub-antennas), corresponding to the figure from left to right.
  • the number of multiple signals transmitted by the digital phase shifter 10 in the antenna is four.
  • the antenna transmits four beams.
  • the antenna realizes four beams through digital-analog hybrid shaping, and each sub-antenna (first The sub-antenna and the second sub-antenna) have two polarizations, each polarization is 1T, and +-45 degrees cross-polarization is 2T.
  • the upper array stacks 4*2T2R, covering a 120-degree sector range, the same
  • a 4*2T2R is also stacked, and the coverage area of the two arrays is stacked to form a 4*4T4R pattern.
  • multiple input signals can be combined by the digital phase shifter 10 to form different beam splitting situations.
  • the digital phase shifter 10 superimposes two of the signals to form a first signal, and superimposes the other two signals to form a second signal.
  • the beamforming formed by superposition is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the digital phase shifter 10 on each antenna adds beams 1 and 2 to obtain a combined new beam, and beams 3 and 4 are added to obtain another beam. Combined new beam.
  • the upper array is converted from the original 4*2T2R mode to 2*2T2R.
  • the lower array is also converted from the original 4*2T2R mode to 2*2T2R, and the two arrays are stacked to cover Areas are superimposed to form a 2*4T4R pattern.
  • a 2*4T4R network solution with the next highest load capacity is realized, and the two beams formed have the same coverage.
  • the digital phase shifter 10 is also used to superimpose four signals therein to form a fourth signal.
  • the fourth signal is sent to the radio frequency unit to form a beam.
  • the digital phase shifter 10 of each antenna adds the two beams shown in Figure 4 to obtain a combined new beam.
  • the upper array is converted from the original 4*2T2R pattern. It becomes 1*2T2R.
  • the original 4*2T2R pattern is converted to 1*2T2R.
  • the overlay area of the two arrays is superimposed to form a 1*4T4R pattern.
  • a 1*4T4R networking solution is realized, and the coverage of one beam is the same.
  • the signals corresponding to three of the four beams can also be superimposed, for example, the signals corresponding to beam 1, beam 2, and beam 3 can be superimposed to form A new signal, or the signals corresponding to beam 2, beam 3, and beam 4 are superimposed to form a new signal.
  • each antenna forms a wide beam and a narrow beam.
  • each radio frequency unit in FIG. 6 is connected to a power divider 20.
  • the power divider 20 distributes It can also be set as required. As shown in FIG.
  • the power distribution ratio of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX1 is a:b
  • the power distribution ratio of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX2 is c: d
  • the power distribution ratio of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX3 is b:a.
  • a plurality of first sub-antennas are arranged adjacently along a set direction, and a plurality of second sub-antennas are arranged adjacently.
  • two sub-antennas corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX1 The first sub-antenna 1 and the second sub-antenna 4, the two sub-antennas corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX2 are the first sub-antenna 2 and the second sub-antenna 5 respectively, and the two sub-antennas corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX3 are the first sub-antenna respectively 3 and the second sub antenna 6.
  • the sub-antennas When the above-mentioned sub-antennas are arranged in an array, a plurality of first sub-antennas are arranged adjacently, and a plurality of second sub-antennas are arranged adjacently, and when arranged, the sub-antennas corresponding to the radio frequency unit are arranged crosswise, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX1 and the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX3 are located at the end and the end, and the power distribution ratios of the two power dividers are set respectively:
  • the power distribution ratio of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX1 is a:b; and the power distribution ratio of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX3 is b:a.
  • the power distribution ratio of the power divider in the middle is: the power distribution of the power divider 20 corresponding to the radio frequency unit TX2 is c:d.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to three beams, namely beam 1, beam 2, and beam 3.
  • the signal corresponding to each beam has a different phase when sent to the RF unit.
  • the corresponding phases of the signals are: x ⁇ 0°, x ⁇ 120°, and x ⁇ 240°.
  • the corresponding phases of the signal are: x ⁇ 0°, x ⁇ 0°, x ⁇ 0°.
  • the corresponding phases of the signals are: x ⁇ 0°, x ⁇ 240°, and x ⁇ 120°.
  • the beam 1, the beam 2, and the beam 3 are arranged in sequence and cover a 120° sector area.
  • Fig. 7 shows two antennas, an upper array and a lower array, and the analog forming and digital forming methods of the upper array and the lower array are the same, so the above array is taken as an example for description.
  • the upper array contains 4 rows of sub-antennas, wherein the number of sub-antennas in each row is six, from left to right corresponding to the first sub-antenna 1, the first sub-antenna 2, and The first sub antenna 3, the second sub antenna 4, the second sub antenna 5, and the second sub antenna 6.
  • the number of multiple signals emitted by the digital phase shifter 10 corresponding to each sub-antenna is four.
  • the antenna realizes three beams through digital-analog hybrid shaping, and each sub-antenna has Two polarizations, each polarization produces 1T, when using two polarizations: +-45 degrees cross polarization produces 2T. Therefore, the upper array is stacked with 3*2T2R to cover a 120-degree sector range, and the lower array will also be stacked with a 3*2T2R. Stacking the coverage areas of the two arrays will form a 3*4T4R pattern. .
  • the digital phase shifter 10 When adjustment is needed, as shown in Fig. 8, the digital phase shifter 10 is also used to superimpose two of the signals to form a third signal, and the other signal is directly sent to the radio frequency unit, specifically the beam formed by superposition
  • the shaping is shown in FIG. 8, the digital phase shifter 10 adds beams 1 and 2 on each antenna to obtain a combined new beam.
  • the upper array is converted from the original 3*2T2R mode to 2*2T2R.
  • the lower array is also converted from the original 3*2T2R mode to 2*2T2R, and the two arrays are stacked to cover Areas are superimposed to form a 2*4T4R pattern.
  • the two beams formed have the same coverage.
  • the left beam is wider than the right beam, which is suitable for scenarios where users are densely distributed in the front right.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 9 can also be used.
  • the digital phase shifter 10 of each antenna adds beams 2 and 3 to obtain a combined new beam.
  • the combination method is the same as that shown in FIG. The combination method is similar and will not be described in detail here.
  • the right beam is wider than the left beam. It is suitable for scenes with densely distributed users on the left front.
  • the beam splitting of the antenna can be changed through the cooperation of digital shaping and analog shaping, without changing the sub-antenna setting mode, so that the hardware structure is not changed. Under the premise of improving the applicability of the antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a base station, which includes the antenna of any one of the foregoing.
  • a base station which includes the antenna of any one of the foregoing.
  • digital shaping and analog shaping can be used to change the beam splitting emitted by the antenna, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna without changing the hardware structure.
  • the number of antennas is two, and the two antennas cover the same area.
  • the 4T4R is formed by covering the same area with two array antennas.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种天线及基站，该天线相邻设置的第一子阵及第二子阵，其中，第一子阵包括阵列排列的N个第一子天线，所述第二子阵包括阵列排列的N个连接有移相器的第二子天线；其中，每一行第一子天线包括M个第一子天线，每一行第二子天线包括M个子天线，且每一行的第一天线与每一行第二子天线排列成一行；且第m个第一子天线与第m个第二子天线通过功分器连接一个射频单元；其中，N为自然数，M为小于N的自然数，m为小于等于M的自然数。在实现赋形时，通过数字赋形与模拟赋形的配合来改变天线发射的波束劈裂的情况，从而在不改变硬件结构的前提下提高天线的适用性。

Description

一种天线及基站 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线及基站。
背景技术
当前主流劈裂天线都是2*2T2R，也有2*4T4R的。但是现有技术中的天线在做成后，基本上都是固定的，无法做成自适应演进。比如一根天线要么仅支持1*4T4R的模式，要么仅支持2*4T4R的模式，要么仅支持4*4T4R的模式。当该天线对应的区域需要进行调整时，天线无法适用从1*4T4R的模式转换到2*4T4R的模式或者4*4T4R的模式，只能重新设立天线，造成资源的浪费。
发明内容
本申请提供一种天线及基站，用以提高天线的适用性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种天线，该天线用于发送信号，在具体设置时，该天线包括数字赋形及模拟赋形；其中，用于模拟赋形的结构包括：相邻设置的第一子阵及第二子阵，其中，第一子阵包括阵列排列的N个第一子天线，所述第二子阵包括阵列排列的N个连接有移相器的第二子天线；其中，每一行第一子天线包括M个第一子天线，每一行第二子天线包括M个子天线，且每一行的第一天线与每一行第二子天线排列成一行；且第m个第一子天线与第m个第二子天线通过功分器连接一个射频单元；其中，N为自然数，M为小于N的自然数，m为小于等于M的自然数。在具体实现时，通过采用其中的一个子天线连接有移相器来实现两个子天线发射的信号不同。通过上述描述可以看出，在实现天线赋形时，可以通过模拟赋形的配合来改变天线发射的波束劈裂的情况，从而在不改变硬件结构的前提下提高天线的适用性。
在具体设置天线的模拟赋形时，每一行第一子天线中第一子天线连接的功分器中，第n个第一子天线连接的功分器的功分比例与第M-(n-1)个第一子天线连接的功分器的功分比例相反；其中，n为小于等于M的自然数。使得天线在赋形时按照设定的区域进行赋形。
在具体设置该数字赋形时，所述天线还包括数字移相器，所述数字移相器与每个射频单元连接，并用于发射多个信号到对应的射频单元；其中，所述数字移相器还用于将所述多个信号中的至少部分信号叠加形成新的信号。通过数字移相器将信号叠加成新的信号。
在具体设置时，可以通过不同的方式来改变天线的波束。如在一个具体的实施方案中，其中数字移相器发射的多个信号的个数为四个，此时天线发射的波束为四个，形成4T4R的模式。在需要改变该天线的波束劈裂情况时，可以通过数字移相器对输入的多个信号进行合并从而形成不同的波束劈裂情况。如在一个具体的可实施方案中，通过数字移相器将其中的两个信号叠加形成第一信号，将另外的两个信号叠加形成第 二信号。此时，该天线发射的波束为两个，从而形成2T2R的模式，并且形成的两个波束覆盖的范围相同。此外，还可以形成一个波束，在具体实现时，所述数字移相器还用于将其中的四个信号叠加形成第四信号。通过将该第四信号发送到射频单元中从而形成一个波束。
在具体设置该数字赋形时，可以通过不同的方式来改变天线的波束。如在一个具体的实施方案中，通过数字移相器还用于将其中的三个信号叠加形成第三信号，另外的一个信号直接发送到射频单元中，此时也形成2T2R的模式，但是此时形成一个宽波束以及一个窄波束。在具体形成时，可以将其中的任意两个波束叠加形成第三信号，另外的一个信号作为一个单独的信号，从而形成不同的宽波束以及窄波束。
在将信号发送到射频单元时，数字移相器将每个信号对应发射到所述射频单元中的相位不同。
在具体设置上述移相器时，每个第二子天线连接的移相器为180°移相器。但是应当理解的是本申请实施例提供的移相器不限定仅为180°移相器，还可以采用两个子天线均设置有移相器，且两个移相器分别移相±90°。
在具体设置模拟赋形时，还可以采用任意两个射频单元之中，任一个射频单元的输出端通过移相器与另一个射频单元的输出端连接。
第二方面，提供了一种基站，该基站包括上述任一项所述的天线。在实现天线赋形时，可以通过数字赋形与模拟赋形的配合来改变天线发射的波束劈裂的情况，从而在不改变硬件结构的前提下提高天线的适用性。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述天线的个数为两个，且两个天线覆盖同一区域。以提高通信效果。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的天线的结构框图；
图2为本申请提供的天线的一种波束赋形；
图3为本申请提供的天线的另一种波束赋形；
图4为本申请提供的天线的另一种波束赋形；
图5为本申请提供的天线的另一种波束赋形；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一天线的结构框图；
图7为本申请提供的天线的一种波束赋形；
图8为本申请提供的天线的另一种波束赋形；
图9为本申请提供的天线的另一种波束赋形。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的天线，首先说明一下其应用场景，该天线应用于基站，并用于发送或者接收信号，在使用时，该天线发射的波束的朝向决定了该天线的覆盖范围，在现有技术中，天线的波束的覆盖范围是固定的，这就造成了在使用 时当需要覆盖的范围发生改变时，已设置的天线无法适用，因此在本申请实施例提供了一种新型的天线。下面结合附图对本申请实施例提供的天线进行说明。
为了方便理解，首先说明一下天线的波束赋形，波束赋形(Beamforming)又叫波束成型、空域滤波，是一种使用传感器阵列定向发送和接收信号的信号处理技术。波束赋形技术通过调整相位阵列的基本单元的参数，使得某些角度的信号获得相长干涉，而另一些角度的信号获得相消干涉。波束赋形既可以用于信号发射端，又可以用于信号接收端。在发射端，波束赋形器控制每一个发射装置的相位和信号幅度，从而在发射出的信号波阵中获得需要相长和相消干涉模式。在接收端，不同接收器接收到的信号被以一种恰当的方式组合起来，从而获得期盼中的信号辐射模式。
在本申请实施例提供的天线通过调整天线的波束赋形的范围来提高该天线的适应性。在具体实现时，本申请实施提供的天线通过模拟赋形以及数字赋(数模混合赋形)形来实现对天线的波束赋形。一并参考图1及图3，其中图3示出了天线中的子天线排列方式，在图3中示出了天线100及天线200组成的阵列，但是天线100及天线200的结构相同，因此以其中的天线100为例进行说明。对于天线100来说，其包含第一子阵101及第二子阵102，且第一子阵101与第二子阵102相邻设置。其中第一子阵101包括阵列排列的N个第一子天线，第二子阵102包含阵列排列的N个第二子天线，其中N为自然数，如8、9、10等不同的自然数。在图3中，N为16，即第一子阵101包含16个第一子天线，第二子阵包括16个第二子天线。此外，在设置第一子阵及第二子阵时，每一行第一子天线包括M个第一子天线，每一行第二子天线包括M个子天线，且每一行的第一天线与每一行第二子天线排列成一行。即在设置第一子阵101及第二子阵102时，每一行第一子天线与每一行第二子天线同行设置，且每一行第一子天线及每一行第二子天线中的第一子天线及第二子天线的个数相同，均为M个(M为自然数，且M小于N)。在图3所示的结构中，每一行第一子天线及每一行第二子天线的个数均为4个。
一并参考图1，其中图1示出了一行第一子天线及第二子天线的结构。其中，第一子天线包括：第一子天线1、第一子天线2、第一子天线3及第一子天线4；第二子天线包括：第二子天线5、第二子天线6、第二子天线7及第二子天线8。此外，该天线还包括射频单元及功分器。其中，且第m个第一子天线与第m个第二子天线通过功分器连接一个射频单元；其中，m为小于等于M的自然数。如在图1中所示的结构中，第一子天线1与第二子天线5通过功分器与射频单元Tx1连接，第一子天线2与第二子天线6通过功分器与射频单元Tx2连接，第一子天线3与第二子天线7通过功分器与射频单元Tx3连接，第一子天线4与第二子天线8通过功分器与射频单元Tx4连接。此外，在具体设置第二子天线时，每个第二子天线连接有一个移相器30。即每个射频单元连接的两个子天线(第一子天线及第二子天线)的发射的信号的相位不同。当然除了图1所示的方式外，也可以采用两个子天线(第一子天线及第二子天线)均设置有移相器，且两个移相器分别移相±90°。
继续参考图1，该射频单元TX1的输出端连接了一个功分器20，该功分器20为一个二功分器，其将信号分成两份分别传输到第一子天线及第二子天线。在该功分器20的功率分配时，可按照设定的比例进行划分，如在图1中所示的功分器20分配给第一子天线及第二子天线的功率的比例为a：b；其中a、b为正数，如：1、2、3、4 等。在具体设置a、b时可以根据实际的需要进行设定，如a＝1、b＝1，此时功分器20为一个等二功分器。
为了实现天线的波束赋形，需要第一子天线及第二子天线发射的波在设定角度的在设置叠加后增强以实现赋形，因此，第一子天线及第二子天线时，采用第一子天线及第二子天线发射出的信号的相位不同的方式使得其发射的波在特定角度进行增强。在具体实现时通过设置移相器30来实现的。该移相器30可以为微带线或者直导线，或者其他可以实现移相的结构。从而使得第一子天线及第二子天线发射出的信号的相位不同，在第一子天线及第二子天线发射信号时，使得其发射的波在所需的位置相位相同以实现赋形。但是应当理解的是，上述在其中的一个子天线设置移相器30仅仅为一个具体的实施方案，在本申请实施例中只需要第一子天线及第二子天线在所需位置实现的相位相同即可，因此在设置时，还可以采用第一子天线及地二子天线分别通过移相器30与功分器20进行连接，并且通过调整其每个子天线连接的移相器30进行移相时的角度达到上述要求即可。如在图1中所示的其中的一个子天线连接的移相器30为180°移相器30时，两个子天线发射的信号的相位差为180°。在实现信号相差180°时还可以等效替换成两个子天线分别连接一个移相器，并且两个移相器30的移相分别为±90°，此时，两个子天线发射的信号的相位差也是180°。因此在本申请实施例提供的移相器30与子天线的对应关系可以根据需要而定，既可以采用仅第二子天线对应连接有移相器30，也可以采用两个子天线分别连接有移相器30。当然对于设置的移相器30的移相范围可以根据具体的情况而定。
对于其他的射频单元TX2、TX3、TX4与对应的子天线的连接关系与上述描述的射频单元TX1与子天线的连接关系相近似，继续参考图1，该射频单元TX2、TX3、TX4也是通过连接的功分器20对应连接第一子天线及第二子天线。此外，对于每个射频单元对应连接的功分器20的功率分配在设置时，每一行第一子天线中第一子天线连接的功分器中，第n个第一子天线连接的功分器的功分比例与第M-(n-1)个第一子天线连接的功分器的功分比例相反；其中，n为小于等于M的自然数，如M为4，而n可以为1、2、3、4等不同的自然数。如图1中所示，四个功分器沿着子天线的排列方向排列，且位于首尾两端的功分器分配到对应的第一子天线及第二子天线上的功率比例相反；如图1中所示，射频单元TX1对应的功分器20及射频单元TX4对应的功分器20位于首尾两端，且设置的两个功分器的功率分配比例分别为：射频单元TX1对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为a：b；而射频单元TX4对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为b：a。此外，且位于中间的功分器分配到对应的第一子天线及第二子天线上的功率比例相反。继续参考图1，射频单元TX2对应的功分器20及射频单元TX3对应的功分器20位于首尾两端，其中：射频单元TX2对应的功分器20的功率分配为c：d，而射频单元TX3对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为d：c。通过设置的设定的功率分配比例使得信号可以在设定的区域增强赋形，从而覆盖设定的区域。
此外，除了上述采用的射频单元与对应的第一子天线及第二子天线的连接方式外，还可以采用其他的方式实现射频单元与子天线对应连接，如采用任意两个射频单元之中，任一个射频单元的输出端通过移相器30与另一个射频单元的输出端连接。在具体实现时，如图2中所示，其中射频单元TX1与射频单元TX4之间通过导线连接，该导线可以看做是移相器30。在具体连接时，射频单元TX1的输出端通过一个导线与射 频单元TX4对应的功分器20连接，而射频单元TX4的输出单通过一个导线与射频单元TX1对应的功分器20连接，其中该导线可以看做是一个移相器30。此时，该射频单元TX4对应的功分器20输入的信号包括：射频单元TX1发射的信号以及射频单元TX4发射的信号；而射频单元TX1对应的功分器20输入的信号包括：射频单元TX1发射的信号以及射频单元TX4发射的信号。
在实现波束赋形时，本申请实施例提供的天线首先通过数字赋形之后再通过模拟赋形。在实现数字赋形时，该数字赋形是通过数字移相器10来实现的。具体的该数字移相器10与每个射频单元连接，在使用时该数字移相器10用于发射多个信号到对应的射频单元。以图1及图2所示的天线为例，其中图1及图2中示出了四个波束对应的信号，在进行数字赋形时，每个波束对应的信号在发送到射频单元时相位不同。如图2中所示，波束1对应的信号在分别输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3及TX4时，信号对应的相位分别为：x＜0°、x＜(90°+α°)、x＜(180°+β°)、x＜α°。波束2对应的信号在分别输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3及TX4时，信号对应的相位分别为：x＜0°、x＜α°、x＜β°、x＜(90°+α°)。波束3对应的信号在分别输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3及TX4时，信号对应的相位分别为：x＜0°、x＜(270°+α°)、x＜(180°+β°)、x＜(180°+α°)。波束4对应的信号在分别输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3及TX4时，信号对应的相位分别为：x＜0°、x＜(180°+α°)、x＜β°、x＜(270+α°)。其中α及β均为正数。通过调整α及β调整波束赋形后覆盖的区域。在将上述信号对应输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3及TX4时天线形成的波束赋形，波束1、波束2、波束3及波束4依次排列并覆盖120°扇形区域内。
在本申请实施例提供的天线在使用时，在需要调整天线的波束赋形时，通过采用数字移相器10来进行调整，从而通过数字赋形及模拟赋形共同调整来实现波束赋形。在具体通过数字赋形时，数字移相器10还可将多个信号中的至少部分信号叠加形成新的信号。从而形成新的波束。下面结合附图对其调整分别进行说明。
首先，以图2所示的天线结构为例。在具体设置该数字赋形时，可以通过不同的方式来改变天线的波束。如图3中所示，图3中示出了两个天线，分别为上阵列与下阵列，而上阵列与下阵列的模拟赋形及数字赋形的方式相同，因此在此以上阵列为例进行说明。继续参考图3，其中上阵列包含有4行子天线，其中，每行子天线的个数为八个(四个第一子天线及四个第二子天线)，由左到右分别对应图2中的第一子天线1、第一子天线2、第一子天线3、第一子天线4、第二子天线5、第二子天线6、第二子天线7、第二子天线8。其中天线中的数字移相器10发射的多个信号的个数为四个，此时天线发射的波束为四个，天线通过数模混合赋形实现四个波束，并且每个子天线(第一子天线及第二子天线)具有两个极化，每个极化出1T，+-45度交叉极化出2T，因此，上阵列堆叠出4*2T2R，覆盖120度扇区范围，同样的对于下阵列也会堆叠出一个4*2T2R，将两个阵列堆叠出的覆盖区域叠加，就形成一个4*4T4R的模式。
当需要改变该天线的波束劈裂情况时，可以通过数字移相器10对输入的多个信号进行合并从而形成不同的波束劈裂情况。如数字移相器10将其中的两个信号叠加形成第一信号，将另外的两个信号叠加形成第二信号。具体叠加形成的波束赋形如图4中所示，每个天线上在数字移相器10将波束1和2进行相加得到一个组合的新的波束，波束3和4进行相加得到另一个组合的新的波束。此时，上阵列由原来的4*2T2R的 模式转化成了2*2T2R，同样的，对于下阵列也是由原来的4*2T2R的模式转化成了2*2T2R，将两个阵列堆叠出的覆盖区域叠加，就形成一个2*4T4R的模式。由此实现2*4T4R的次高负荷容量组网方案，并且形成的两个波束覆盖的范围相同。
当然，除了图4所示的情况外，还可以采用其他的形式的波束赋形，如数字移相器10还用于将其中的四个信号叠加形成第四信号。通过将该第四信号发送到射频单元中从而形成一个波束。如图5所示，每个天线的数字移相器10将图4中所示的两个波束进行相加得到一个组合的新的波束，此时，上阵列由原来的4*2T2R的模式转化成了1*2T2R，同样的，对于下阵列也是由原来的4*2T2R的模式转化成了1*2T2R，将两个阵列堆叠出的覆盖区域叠加，就形成一个1*4T4R的模式。由此实现1*4T4R的组网方案，并且形成的一个波束覆盖的范围相同。
当然，除了图4及图5所示的波束赋形外，还可以采用将四个波束中的三个波束对应的信号进行叠加，如将波束1、波束2、波束3对应的信号进行叠加形成一个新的信号，或者将波束2、波束3、波束4对应的信号进行叠加形成一个新的信号，此时，每个天线形成一个宽波束以及一个窄波束。
当然上述采用四个波束仅仅为一个示例，本申请实施例提供的天线还可以形成3个波束，如图6中所示，在图6中每个射频单元连接的子天线的方式与图1中所示的方式相同，在此不再赘述。在图6中示出了采用三个射频单元的结构，三个射频单元分别为TX1、TX2、TX3，且每个射频单元对应连接了一个功分器20，该功分器20分配的功率比例也可以根据需要进行设定，如图6中所示的射频单元TX1对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为a：b，而射频单元TX2对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为c:d，射频单元TX3对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为b：a。通过设置的设定的功率分配比例使得信号可以在设定的区域增强赋形，从而覆盖设定的区域。在设置功分器20的功率分配比例时，其分配的方式也是与子天线的排列方式相对应。
如图6中所示，沿设定方向上多个第一子天线相邻排列，多个第二子天线相邻排列，具体的，如图6中所示，射频单元TX1对应的两个子天线分别为第一子天线1及第二子天线4、射频单元TX2对应的两个子天线分别为第一子天线2及第二子天线5、射频单元TX3对应的两个子天线分别为第一子天线3及第二子天线6。在将上述子天线排列成阵列时，多个第一子天线相邻排列，且多个第二子天线相邻排列，且在排列时，射频单元对应的子天线交叉排列，如图6中所示中所示的子天线的排列方式：第一子天线1、第一子天线2、第一子天线3、第二子天线4、第二子天线5、第二子天线6。
在对应设置每个射频单元对应的功分器的功率分配比例时，沿第一子天线的排列方向排列，位于首尾两端的功分器分配到对应的第一子天线及第二子天线上的功率比例相反；如图6中所示，射频单元TX1对应的功分器20及射频单元TX3对应的功分器20位于首尾两端，且设置的两个功分器的功率分配比例分别为：射频单元TX1对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为a：b；而射频单元TX3对应的功分器20的功率分配比例为b：a。位于中间的功分器的功率分配比例为：射频单元TX2对应的功分器20的功率分配为c：d。通过设置的设定的功率分配比例使得信号可以在设定的区域增强赋形，从而覆盖设定的区域。
图6所示的天线对应有三个波束，分别为波束1、波束2及波束3。在进行数字赋 形时，每个波束对应的信号在发送到射频单元时相位不同。如图6中所示，波束1对应的信号在分别输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3时，信号对应的相位分别为：x＜0°、x＜120°、x＜240°。波束2对应的信号在分别输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3时，信号对应的相位分别为：x＜0°、x＜0°、x＜0°。波束3对应的信号在分别输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3时，信号对应的相位分别为：x＜0°、x＜240°、x＜120°。在将上述信号对应输入到射频单元TX1、TX2、TX3时天线形成的波束赋形中，波束1、波束2、波束3依次排列并覆盖120°扇形区域内。
在采用波束1、波束2及波束3对应的信号时，天线对应形成波束1、波束2、波束3覆盖120°的扇形区。如图7示出了两个天线，分别为上阵列与下阵列，而上阵列与下阵列的模拟赋形及数字赋形的方式相同，因此以上阵列为例进行说明。继续参考图7，其中上阵列包含有4行子天线，其中，每行子天线的个数为六个，由左到右分别对应图6中的第一子天线1、第一子天线2、第一子天线3、第二子天线4、第二子天线5、第二子天线6。且每个子天线对应的数字移相器10发射的多个信号的个数为四个，此时天线发射的波束为三个，天线通过数模混合赋形实现三个波束，并且每个子天线具有两个极化，每个极化出1T，在采用两个极化时为：+-45度交叉极化出2T。因此，上阵列堆叠出3*2T2R，覆盖120度扇区范围，同样的对于下阵列也会堆叠出一个3*2T2R，将两个阵列堆叠出的覆盖区域叠加，就形成一个3*4T4R的模式。
在需要进行调整时，如图8中所示，通过数字移相器10还用于将其中的两个信号叠加形成第三信号，另外的一个信号直接发送到射频单元中，具体叠加形成的波束赋形如图8中所示，每个天线上在数字移相器10将波束1和2进行相加得到一个组合的新的波束。此时，上阵列由原来的3*2T2R的模式转化成了2*2T2R，同样的，对于下阵列也是由原来的3*2T2R的模式转化成了2*2T2R，将两个阵列堆叠出的覆盖区域叠加，就形成一个2*4T4R的模式。由此实现2*4T4R的次高负荷容量组网方案，并且形成的两个波束覆盖的范围相同。在图8所示的波束中左波束比右波束宽，适用于右前方用户分布比较密集的场景。
还可以采用如图9中所示的结构，此时，每个天线的数字移相器10将波束2和3进行相加得到一个组合的新的波束，其组合方式与图9中所示的组合方式相类似，在此不再详细描述。在图9所示的波束中右波束比左波束宽。适用于左前方用户分布比较密集的场景。
通过上述描述可以看出，在实现天线赋形时，可以通过数字赋形与模拟赋形的配合来改变天线发射的波束劈裂的情况，无需改变子天线的设置方式，从而在不改变硬件结构的前提下提高天线的适用性。
此外，本申请实施例还提供了一种基站，该基站包括上述任一项的天线。在实现天线赋形时，可以通过数字赋形与模拟赋形的配合来改变天线发射的波束劈裂的情况，从而在不改变硬件结构的前提下提高天线的适用性。在具体设置时，天线的个数为两个，且两个天线覆盖同一区域。如图3及图4中所示，通过两个阵列天线覆盖同一区域形成4T4R。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

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  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：相邻设置的第一子阵及第二子阵，其中，第一子阵包括阵列排列的N个第一子天线，所述第二子阵包括阵列排列的N个连接有移相器的第二子天线；其中，
    每一行第一子天线包括M个第一子天线，每一行第二子天线包括M个子天线，且每一行的第一天线与每一行第二子天线排列成一行；且第m个第一子天线与第m个第二子天线通过功分器连接一个射频单元；其中，N为自然数，M为小于N的自然数，m为小于等于M的自然数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，每一行第一子天线中第一子天线连接的功分器中，第n个第一子天线连接的功分器的功分比例与第M-(n-1)个第一子天线连接的功分器的功分比例相反；其中，n为小于等于M的自然数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括数字移相器，所述数字移相器与每个射频单元连接，并用于发射多个信号到对应的射频单元；其中，所述数字移相器还用于将所述多个信号中的至少部分信号叠加形成新的信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述多个信号的个数为四个，所述数字移相器还用于将其中的两个信号叠加形成第一信号，将另外的两个信号叠加形成第二信号。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述多个信号的个数为四个，所述数字移相器还用于将其中的四个信号叠加形成第四信号。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述多个信号的个数为三个，所述数字移相器还用于将其中的两个信号叠加形成第三信号。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，每个信号对应发射到每个所述射频单元中的相位不同。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，每个第二子天线连接的所述移相器为180°移相器。
  9. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，其中，任意两个射频单元之中，任一个射频单元的输出端通过移相器与另一个射频单元的输出端连接。
  10. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～9任一项所述的天线。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的基站，其特征在于，所述天线的个数为两个，且两个天线覆盖同一区域。
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EP3968461A1 (en) 2022-03-16
US12113297B2 (en) 2024-10-08

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