WO2020262540A1 - トランスフェクション方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2020262540A1 WO2020262540A1 PCT/JP2020/025035 JP2020025035W WO2020262540A1 WO 2020262540 A1 WO2020262540 A1 WO 2020262540A1 JP 2020025035 W JP2020025035 W JP 2020025035W WO 2020262540 A1 WO2020262540 A1 WO 2020262540A1
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/64—General methods for preparing the vector, for introducing it into the cell or for selecting the vector-containing host
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
- A61K9/0009—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy involving or responsive to electricity, magnetism or acoustic waves; Galenical aspects of sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation or electroosmosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
- A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/513—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers
- A61K9/5138—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K14/7051—T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
Definitions
- the present invention comprises a delivery system of a target substance into an immune cell, which comprises a combination of ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution containing ultrafine bubbles and an ultrasonic generator, and the ultrafine bubble water or aqueous solution.
- the present invention relates to a preparation for delivering nucleic acid or protein into immune cells, and a method for delivering nucleic acid or protein into the cells by contacting the immune cells with the preparation and treating with ultrasonic waves.
- Ultrasound has been mainly used as an ultrasonic contrast device in the medical field.
- Microbubbles which are ultrasonic contrast agents, have brought about breakthroughs in ultrasonic diagnosis.
- ultrasonic waves have become available for purposes other than diagnosis.
- non-invasive cancer hyperthermia by focusing ultrasonic energy on the affected area and heating only the affected area has been used for uterine fibroids and prostate gland. It is clinically applied.
- DDS drug delivery system
- bubble liposomes in which perfluoropropane is encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) -modified liposomes have been reported as a gene delivery system to skeletal muscle that combines bubble liposomes and ultrasonic technology (Non-Patent Document 1). ..
- PEG-modified bubble liposome bubble lipopolyplex having an average particle diameter of 50 to 500 nm, in which a specific morpholino oligomer is bound to the surface and perfluorohydrocarbon is encapsulated inside, the muscle tissue or blood vessel is administered.
- Non-Patent Document 1 A therapeutic agent for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which introduces the morpholino oligomer into muscle cells with high efficiency by irradiating muscle tissue with ultrasonic waves from outside the body, has also been reported (Patent Document 1). Furthermore, it has been reported that gas-filled microbubbles and ultrasonic waves can be used for drug and gene delivery to the brain (Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 3 It has been reported that by using perfluoropropane gas as the encapsulating gas, bubble liposomes having a size smaller than that using perfluorobutane gas or nitrogen gas can be obtained (Non-Patent Document 3).
- bubble lipopolyplex which is a combination of nanobubbles and plasmid
- the plasmid was introduced into the vascular endothelium or the external position of the blood vessel, and the efficiency of gas encapsulation was increased. It has been reported that the introduction site is different (Non-Patent Document 4).
- bubble liposomes may cause problems with lipid antigenicity.
- an output intensity such as 1.5 to 2.5 W / cm 2 , which has a concern about safety, is used for ultrasonic irradiation, which poses a problem in terms of practicality.
- nanobubble water containing nanobubbles containing no phospholipid and having 2.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells / mL or more has an excellent antibacterial effect (Patent Document 2).
- the target substance such as nucleic acid or protein was introduced into cells by combining the nanobubble water and ultrasonic waves.
- CAR-T cells or TCR-T cells into which a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or a T cell receptor (TCR) derived from a cancer antigen-specific killer T cell has been introduced has been studied. It is progressing rapidly.
- the current CAR-T cell therapy is ex-vivo CAR-T cells collected from patients using a viral vector such as a lentiviral vector, such as Kymriah (trade name) and Yescarta (trade name) approved in the United States.
- a general method is to introduce a gene to produce CAR-T cells and administer the CAR-T cells to a patient.
- this method has a problem that the manufacturing cost is high due to the cost of cell culture and preparation of viral vector and the like. If CAR and exogenous TCR can be selectively introduced into immune cells such as T cells in vivo, preparation in ex vivo becomes unnecessary, and CAR- or TCR-immune cell therapy with low manufacturing cost can be provided. Become. Also, in ex-vivo, if CAR and exogenous TCR can be selectively introduced into immune cells such as T cells without using a viral vector having a high manufacturing cost, the cost for virus survival test and the like becomes unnecessary. It is possible to provide CAR- or TCR-immune cell therapy with low manufacturing cost.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel means for safely and efficiently introducing a target substance such as nucleic acid or protein into an immune cell such as T cell.
- the present inventors have previously developed nanobubble water having an excellent antibacterial action (see Patent Document 2 above; the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is 1 ⁇ m (1000 nm). ) Is defined as “ultra fine bubble” (ISO 20480-1), so in this specification, it is referred to as “ultra fine bubble” instead of “nano bubble”). I focused on not including it.
- the ultrafine bubbles contained in this ultrafine bubble water have an average diameter of 200 nm or less, which is even smaller than the conventional one.
- the present invention [1] Delivery of a target substance into immune cells, which comprises a combination of ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution containing ultrafine bubbles containing no phospholipid having an average diameter of 200 nm or less and an ultrasonic generator. system; [2]
- the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution is one or more kinds of surfactants selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, hydrophilic resins, and the like.
- a nucleic acid or protein comprising a combination of an ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution containing an ultrafine bubble containing no phospholipid having an average diameter of 200 nm or less is introduced into an immune cell.
- a preparation for delivery characterized in that an effective amount of the nucleic acid or protein is delivered into immune cells in combination with ultrasonic irradiation;
- a method for delivering a nucleic acid or protein into the cells which comprises contacting the immune cells with the preparation according to [15] and treating them with ultrasound; Etc.
- T cells can non-invasively deliver target substances such as nucleic acids and proteins by irradiating ultrasonic waves with an output intensity that does not adversely affect the living body. Since it can be selectively introduced into immune cells such as, a highly safe introduction system can be provided. Since it is not necessary to use liposomes in the system, it is not necessary to add a special additive such as phospholipid, it can be produced at low cost, and there is no problem of antigenicity due to phospholipid. Further, conventionally, ultrafine bubbles are considered to be unsuitable for cell transfection because the cell membrane is severely damaged when crushed as compared with microbubbles.
- ultrafine bubbles are considered to be unsuitable.
- the efficiency of introducing the target substance into the cell can be significantly increased as compared with the case of using the microbubbles.
- the ultrafine bubbles having an average diameter of 200 nm or less are stable for a long period of time in ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution.
- the system of the present invention comprises an ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution containing ultrafine bubbles containing no phospholipid having an average diameter of 200 nm or less, and an ultrasonic generator in combination into an immune cell.
- a delivery system for the target substance hereinafter, also referred to as “system of the present invention”.
- delivery of the target substance into the cell means a substance that is originally difficult to pass through the cell membrane (for example, a compound that is water-soluble and difficult to passively diffuse, a compound having a large molecular weight, a selective transporter, or the like. It means that a compound without a receptor) passes through the cell membrane and translocates into the cell. Therefore, the system of the present invention may deliver the target substance into the cell by any mechanism, and includes, but is not limited to, temporarily forming a hole in the cell membrane.
- the term "immune cell” means a cell involved in an immune response, such as lymphocytes such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells.
- Granulocytes such as neutrophils, eutrophils, eutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc., or unipotent or pluripotent stem cells or precursor cells capable of final differentiation into them (however, embryos) And other pluripotent or pluripotent stem cells).
- An “immune cell” is a heterogeneous cell population containing any of the above cells, even if it is a specific isolated immune cell, including a plurality of types of immune cells such as lymphocytes.
- the lymphocytes can be produced by collecting from, for example, peripheral blood, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood of human or non-human mammals, or by inducing differentiation from stem cells such as iPS cells by a method known per se.
- an isolated immune cell eg, T cell
- the lymphocyte can be a lymphocyte present in an individual animal.
- the "immune cell” is an isolated and purified T cell.
- the immune cell can be a cell population containing T cells, such as T cells present in an individual animal.
- T cell is a type of leukocyte found in lymphatic organs or peripheral blood, and means a classification of lymphocytes characterized in that they differentiate and mature mainly in the thymus and express TCR. ..
- T cells that can be used in various embodiments of the present invention include cytotoxic T cells (CTL) that are CD8 positive cells, helper T cells that are CD4 positive cells, control T cells, and effector T cells. Etc., but cytotoxic T cells are preferable.
- the target substance delivered into the immune cell using the system of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that can impart preferable physiological activity to the immune cell by being delivered into the immune cell, for example.
- High molecular weight compounds eg, nucleic acids, eg, small RNAs / DNAs such as siRNA (eg, FAM-siRNA, manufactured by Nippon Gene), ssRNA, shRNA, miRNA, S-modified oligo DNA (phosphorothioate, etc.), genes (eg, plasmid DNA, etc.) Proteins (including peptides) (eg, antibodies (eg, IgG (eg, Alexa-IgG, manufactured by Invitrogen)), etc.), polysaccharides (eg, dextran, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, etc.), etc.], Low molecular weight compounds (eg, fluorescein, sodium fluorescein, etc.) and the like can be mentioned, but are not
- the term "ultrafine bubble” may include a gas having a normal atmospheric pressure or a higher pressure, or the inside of the ultrafine bubble may be a vacuum.
- vacuum means a state of a space filled with a gas having a pressure lower than the normal atmospheric pressure.
- the "phospholipid-free ultrafine bubble” is an ultrafine bubble in which the shell of the bubble does not form a phospholipid bilayer structure.
- ultra fine bubble water refers to water containing ultra fine bubbles.
- the “ultra-fine bubble aqueous solution” refers to an aqueous solution containing ultra-fine bubbles.
- the aqueous solution constituting the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution is, for example, 1) One or more surfactants selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, It contains one or more substances selected from 2) hydrophilic resin and 3) buffer solution as components.
- the "anionic surfactant” in the present invention examples include sodium lauryl sulfate and the like.
- the "nonionic surfactant” includes, for example, glycerin fatty acid ester (eg, glycerin monostearate, etc.), sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester (eg, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, etc.).
- Polyglycerin fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene (hardened) castor oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester (eg, polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate (eg, polysorbate 20, etc.), polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleic acid ester (eg, polysorbate) 80 etc.), polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (eg polyoxyethylene lauryl ether etc.), polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether (eg polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene cetyl ether etc.), poly Examples thereof include oxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether (eg, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, etc.), macrogol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol (eg, porox summer 407, porox summer 235, porox summer 188, poroxamine, etc.).
- polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol eg, porox summer 407, porox summer 235,
- polyoxyethylene sorbitan lauric acid ester eg, polysorbate 20 and the like
- polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleic acid ester eg, polysorbate 80 and the like
- polysorbate 20 or polysorbate 80 Particularly preferred is polysorbate 80.
- the "cationic surfactant” in the present invention include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, decalinium chloride and the like.
- the "amphoteric surfactant” in the present invention include cocamidopropyl betaine and cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. The above-mentioned surfactant may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the "hydrophilic resin” includes, for example, an acrylic resin (eg, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethylmethacrylate), a vinyl resin (eg, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylethyl ether). ); Polysaccharides (eg, tragant gum, karaya gum, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hyaluronic acid, agarose, curdran, etc.) can be mentioned. Of these, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl cellulose are preferable. More preferably, polyvinyl alcohol can be mentioned.
- the hydrophilic resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the "buffer” includes, for example, an acidic buffer (for example, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, diluted Mclivine buffer) or a neutral buffer (for example, 4- (2-hydroxyethyl)).
- an acidic buffer for example, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, diluted Mclivine buffer
- a neutral buffer for example, 4- (2-hydroxyethyl)
- -1-Piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline (PBS)
- Tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane
- PBS phosphate buffer
- a diluted Mclivine buffer solution is preferable.
- the aqueous solution constituting the "ultrafine bubble aqueous solution” in the present invention is preferably 1 or 2 selected from 1) anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
- examples thereof include an aqueous solution composed of more than one type of surfactant and / or 2) a hydrophilic resin.
- an aqueous solution composed of a nonionic surfactant and / or a hydrophilic resin is preferable.
- an aqueous solution composed of a nonionic surfactant or the like is also preferable.
- an aqueous solution composed of 1 or 2 selected from polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 20 and / or 2) polyvinyl alcohol and the like can be mentioned. More preferably, an aqueous solution composed of polysorbate 80 and / or polyvinyl alcohol and the like can be mentioned. In particular, an aqueous solution composed of polysorbate 80 is preferable.
- examples of the aqueous solution constituting the "ultrafine bubble aqueous solution" include an aqueous solution composed of an ionic (anionic or cationic) surfactant and / or a hydrophilic resin.
- the "gas" constituting the ultra-fine bubbles in the present invention for example, perfluoro hydrocarbons (e.g., perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8), perfluorobutane, etc.), air, nitrogen, ozone, oxygen, argon, Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds selected from carbon dioxide, helium and the like. Of these, perfluorohydrocarbons (eg, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, etc.), air, nitrogen, ozone, oxygen, and argon are preferable.
- perfluoro hydrocarbons e.g., perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8), perfluorobutane, etc.
- air, nitrogen, ozone, oxygen, and argon are preferable.
- it is a perfluorohydrocarbon (eg, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, etc.), air.
- perfluorohydrocarbon eg, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, etc.
- air is used, ultrafine bubbles can be easily produced at low cost. More preferably, air is used.
- the "ultrafine bubble aqueous solution” in the present invention is preferably one selected from (A) an aqueous solution composed of a nonionic surfactant and / or a hydrophilic resin, and (B) perfluorohydrocarbon, air and the like.
- an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution composed of ultrafine bubbles composed of two or more kinds of gases can be mentioned. More preferably, (A) an aqueous solution consisting of 1 or 2 selected from polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 20 and / or 2) polyvinyl alcohol, and (B) one selected from perfluorohydrocarbon and air or An ultrafine bubble aqueous solution composed of an ultrafine bubble composed of two kinds of gases can be mentioned.
- an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution composed of (A) an aqueous solution composed of polysorbate 80 and / or polyvinyl alcohol and (B) an ultrafine bubble composed of perfluorohydrocarbon and / or air
- A an aqueous solution composed of polysorbate 80 and / or polyvinyl alcohol
- B an ultrafine bubble composed of perfluorohydrocarbon and / or air
- an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution composed of an aqueous solution composed of polysorbate 80 and an ultrafine bubble composed of air is preferable.
- the "ultrafine bubble" in the present invention does not contain amphipathic phospholipids such as liposomes, it is possible to provide a safer preparation without exhibiting antigenicity.
- the average diameter of the "ultra fine bubble” is about 200 nm or less.
- the average diameter is preferably, for example, 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably 50 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably 100 nm to 180 nm.
- the "mean diameter” means the particle diameter (mode diameter) corresponding to the mode value (maximum value of the number%) of the distribution.
- the "ultra fine bubble water” or “ultra fine bubble aqueous solution” means water or an aqueous solution in which gas particles (ultra fine bubbles) having a diameter of 1000 nm or less are stably present.
- the ultrafine bubble water or the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution in the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention”) is characterized by containing ultrafine bubbles having an average diameter of about 200 nm or less.
- the size of the ultrafine bubble is uniform.
- the "d90 / d10 ratio" when the ultrafine bubble diameters corresponding to cumulative 10% and cumulative 90% from the small diameter side of the ultrafine bubble number reference distribution are d10 and d90, respectively, is preferably 5 or less. , More preferably 4.5 or less.
- the number of ultrafine bubbles contained in ultrafine bubble water or the like means the number of ultrafine bubbles present in 1 mL of ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution, and in the present specification, “ultra fine bubbles”. It is also called “fine bubble density”.
- the number of ultrafine bubbles contained in the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the “ultra fine bubble density” is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 pieces / mL or more, preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 8 pieces / mL or more, and more preferably 2.5 ⁇ 10 8 pieces / mL or more. ..
- the upper limit of the "ultra fine bubble density” is, for example, 2.0 ⁇ 10 9 pieces / mL or less, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 pieces / mL or less.
- the "ultrafine bubble density" in the present invention is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 to 2.0 ⁇ 10 9 pieces / mL, preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 8 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 pieces / mL. more preferably 2.5 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 cells / mL.
- Ultrafine bubble diameter (including ultrafine bubble mean diameter; same below), ultrafine bubble number reference distribution (including d90 / d10 ratio; same below), and ultrafine bubble number are scattering of laser light based on Brown motion.
- Nanosite, LM20, LM10, etc. method based on changes in electrical resistance (eg, Beckman Coulter, Multisizer4, etc.), method based on laser diffraction and scattering method (eg, Shimadzu, SALD-) It can be measured by using a method using Mie scattering (eg, Nippon Denshoku Kogyo, NP-500T, etc.), etc. (7100H, etc.).
- the ultrafine bubble diameter and the ultrafine bubble number reference distribution in the present invention were measured by using a tracking method (tracking method) using laser light scattering using nanosite (device name LM10) manufactured by Nanosite. Alternatively, the one measured according to it is used.
- the values of the ultrafine bubble diameter, the number reference distribution of ultrafine bubbles, and the number of ultrafine bubbles are usually measured immediately after the production of ultrafine bubble water or the like, or may be measured after long-term storage.
- the ultrafine bubble water The value may be a value obtained by measuring the ultrafine bubble diameter, the ultrafine bubble number reference distribution, and the number of ultrafine bubbles immediately before use after sealed storage for a certain period of time after production.
- the "water” containing ultrapure water (and the “water” used for the “water solution” containing ultrapure water) is not particularly limited, and for example, tap water, deionized water, distilled water, and sterilization. Distilled water, purified water for injection, ultrapure water and the like can be used, but when used as an injection, sterilized distilled water, purified water for injection and the like are preferable.
- the "aqueous solution" containing ultrafine bubbles is one or more selected from the above-mentioned anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
- water further containing any additive commonly used in the pharmaceutical formulation field.
- additive include electrolytes, excipients, lubricants, binders, disintegrants, solubilizers, suspending agents, dispersants, isotonic agents, soothing agents, preservatives, and the like.
- antioxidants examples thereof include antioxidants, colorants, sweeteners, pH adjusters, stabilizers, acidulants, flavors, fluidizers and the like.
- Preferred are pharmacologically acceptable additives, and more preferably one or more additives selected from suspending agents, stabilizers, dispersants, isotonic agents and the like are used. Be done.
- the above-mentioned additives may be used by mixing two or more kinds in an appropriate ratio.
- additives one or more surfactants, hydrophilic resins, and buffers selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants
- Including can be prepared as an aqueous solution of ultrafine bubbles by dissolving it in water in advance as long as it does not affect the formation and stability of ultrafine bubbles, or ultrafine bubbles in water containing no additives. After producing ultrafine bubble water, the additive may be dissolved to prepare an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution.
- any of uncharged ultrafine bubble aqueous solution, positively charged ultrafine bubble aqueous solution and negatively charged ultrafine bubble aqueous solution can be used, and the type of target immune cells, the surrounding microenvironment, and the type of target substance can be used. Etc., it can be appropriately selected.
- the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution is used. In some cases, a negatively charged ultrafine bubble aqueous solution is preferable.
- the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution in another aspect, in the method of the present invention in which the target substance is delivered into the immune cells using the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution and ultrasonic waves, when the target substance is a polymer compound, the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution can be used.
- a positively charged ultrafine bubble aqueous solution may be preferred.
- the charge of the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution can be appropriately adjusted by, for example, the pH of the buffer solution used.
- the pH of the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution is preferably 1 to 4, for example.
- the pH of the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution is preferably 7 to 14, for example.
- the microbubbles As a method for producing ultrafine bubble water, after microbubbles (gas particles having a diameter of about 1 to 60 ⁇ m) and ultrafine bubbles are simultaneously generated in water, the microbubbles are levitated and separated to produce only ultrafine bubbles. It is roughly divided into a method of leaving it and a method of directly generating ultrafine bubbles, but at present, the former is the mainstream.
- the former method is a high-speed swirling liquid flow method in which a gas is crushed by high-speed swirling to generate a large number of microbubbles, and the microbubbles are floated and separated to leave ultrafine bubbles in water.
- the gas is pressurized and dissolved by supersaturation.
- a pressure dissolution type is preferably used as a method for producing ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution in the present invention.
- steps 1) to 3) can be mentioned; 1) in a pressurized container pressurized to about 0.2 to 0.5 MPa by a pressurizing pump, (i) anionic surfactant, non-anionic surfactant.
- Examples of the ultrafine bubble generator used for producing the ultrafine bubble water or the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution in the present invention include a pressure dissolution type apparatus (eg, nanoGALF TM manufactured by IDEC, OM4-MD5-045 manufactured by Aura Tech). , Nikuni's micro-bubble generator, etc.), high-speed swirling liquid flow type device (eg, B-Clean's YJ, Aqua Air's micro-bubble generator, Royal Electric's micro blade, etc.) and the like.
- the ultrafine bubble generator is preferably a pressure melting type device (eg, nanoGALF TM manufactured by IDEC Corporation).
- one or more interfaces selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants for the production of ultrafine bubble water or ultrafine bubble aqueous solution.
- an activator a hydrophilic resin and / or a buffer solution, the number of ultrafine bubbles in the ultrafine bubble water or the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution can be increased.
- One or more surfactants, hydrophilic resins and / or buffers selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants used in the present invention are used in the present invention.
- the content of water in water is not particularly limited.
- the upper limit is preferably 50% (W / V) or less, more preferably 20% (W / V) or less, and further preferably 10% (W / V) or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.01% (W / V) or more, more preferably 0.05% (W / V) or more, and further preferably 0.1% (W / V) or more.
- (W / V) is assumed to mean g / mL.
- the ultrafine bubble water, etc. in the present invention produced as described above is sealed and stored in a vial or ampoule. Storage is preferably performed under light-shielded conditions.
- the storage temperature is preferably room temperature or lower, more preferably 10 ° C. or lower.
- the ultrafine bubble water or ultrafine bubble aqueous solution in the present invention preferably has one or more interfaces selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. Since it is produced in the presence of an activator, a hydrophilic resin and / or a buffer solution, the action and effect of ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention (for example, immune cells when ultrafine bubble water or the like and ultrasonic treatment are used in combination).
- the period required to maintain the perforation effect of the cell membrane, the effect of increasing the deliverability of the target substance into immune cells using ultrafine bubble water or the like and ultrasonic waves (for example, passing through the cell membrane) When used as a base for a target substance that is desired to be delivered, its effective period (for example, 3 months or more, more preferably 6 months or more, further preferably 1 year or more), ultrafine bubble water, etc.
- the number of ultrafine bubbles can be maintained at 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells / mL or more.
- Ultra-fine bubble water or the like in the present invention can perform heat sterilization, after heat sterilization even number ultra-fine bubbles can be maintained above 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells / mL.
- the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention When the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention has an ultrafine bubble number of 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells / mL or more, it exhibits an excellent antibacterial action and a storage effect due to the excellent antibacterial action.
- Multiple doses of liquid pharmaceutical preparations such as injections (eg, subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections, infusions, intracerebral injections, intracranial spinal fluid) It is also useful as a base for administered injections, intramuscular injections, etc.).
- the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention is preferably one or more surfactants (preferably) selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
- surfactants preferably selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
- anionic surfactants preferably nonionic surfactants
- nonionic surfactants cationic surfactants
- amphoteric surfactants preferably one or more surfactants selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
- the average diameter of the ultrafine bubbles is smaller and the size is more uniform. (Ie, the d90 / d10 ratio is small), in the system of the present invention, a safer effect of delivering the target substance into immune cells can be obtained.
- the "ultrasonic generator” used in the system of the present invention is an ultrasonic wave under conditions sufficient to deliver the target substance into immune cells when used in combination with the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention. Anything can be used as long as it can generate.
- any device conventionally used for ultrasonic diagnosis in the medical field a commercially available ultrasonic gene transfer device (eg, Sonitron GTS (manufactured by Neppagene), etc.) can be appropriately used.
- the output intensity of ultrasonic waves is 10 mW or more, preferably. It is mentioned that it is 30 mW or more, more preferably 50 mW or more.
- the upper limit of output intensity is not particularly limited, but does not adversely affect animals (eg, cytotoxicity), especially when the system of the present invention is intended for in vivo transfection into immune cells in mammals including humans. The upper limit is preferably the range.
- the upper limit of the ultrasonic output intensity in the system of the present invention is preferably 720 mW / cm 2 .
- the output intensity of the ultrasonic wave 50 ⁇ 720mW / cm 2, more preferably from 50 ⁇ 500mW / cm 2.
- the output intensity of the ultrasound used for conventional gene transfer significantly exceeds the above criteria for ultrasound diagnostic applications (eg, 1.5-2.5 W / cm 2 ) and is a safety risk.
- the target substance can be efficiently delivered into the immune cells with a small output intensity (preferably 50 to 500 mW / cm 2 ) regardless of the molecular weight of the target substance, which is extremely safe. Delivery system.
- the condition of the "ultrasonic wave generator" in the present invention is not particularly limited to the frequency of the ultrasonic wave, and can be appropriately selected within the range of, for example, 0.5 to 10 MHz.
- the frequency widely adopted at present is about 1 MHz, but since it is considered that the higher frequency has less adverse effect on the living body, it is preferably selected within the range of 1 to 5 MHz, more preferably 1 to 3 MHz. Can be done.
- the ultrasonic irradiation time is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to deliver the target substance into the immune cells, and the output intensity of the ultrasonic waves is adjusted. Although it may vary depending on the response, for example, even if the output intensity is 50 mW / cm 2 , the target substance can be delivered into the immune cells with an irradiation time of 10 seconds.
- the ultrasonic irradiation time may be, for example, 1 to 60 seconds, preferably 1 to 30 seconds, and more preferably 1 to 20 seconds.
- the conditions for using the "ultrasonic wave generator” in the present invention include, for example, (i) the output intensity of ultrasonic waves is 50 to 720 mW / cm 2 (preferably 50 to 500 mW / cm 2 ), and (ii) ultrasonic waves. Examples thereof include a combination of a frequency of 0.5 to 10 MHz and (iii) an ultrasonic irradiation time of 1 to 60 seconds. Of these, the combination of (i) ultrasonic output intensity of 50 to 500 mW / cm 2 , (ii) ultrasonic frequency of 1 to 5 MHz, and (iii) ultrasonic irradiation time of 1 to 60 seconds is preferable. Be done.
- the system of the present invention When the system of the present invention is used for transfection of immune cells isolated from animals or immune cells induced to differentiate from stem cells such as iPS cells by a method known per se, the immune cells are subjected to the transfection treatment. May include the step of culturing. Therefore, the system of the present invention may further include means for culturing immune cells (eg, culture vessel (eg, dish, flask, etc.), medium, culturing device (eg, CO 2 incubator, etc.)). Since immune cells proliferate in a suspended state, the culture vessel is preferably coated with a non-adhesive or low-adhesive substrate. The above-mentioned culturing step also includes a subculture step. When cells are subcultured by the system of the present invention, the expression intensity of the target substance introduced into the cells can be maintained.
- culturing immune cells eg, culture vessel (eg, dish, flask, etc.), medium, culturing device (eg,
- the present invention also uses an ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution containing an ultrafine bubble containing no phospholipid having an average diameter of 200 nm or less, and an ultrasonic wave to produce a nucleic acid or protein.
- a method for increasing the intracellular deliverability of an immune cell hereinafter, also referred to as “the method for increasing the deliverability of the present invention”.
- the method comprises administering the ultrafine bubble water or the like of the present invention to a subject to deliver it in the vicinity of immune cells, and irradiating the immune cells with ultrasonic waves, whereby the nucleic acid or protein is transferred to the immune cells. Delivered within.
- immune cell is synonymous with that defined in the system of the present invention.
- the ultrafine bubble water or the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution used in the "method for increasing the deliverability of the present invention the above-mentioned ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention can be used. Further, the ultrasonic irradiation in the "method for increasing the deliverability of the present invention” can be carried out under the same conditions as the use of the ultrasonic wave generator in the system of the present invention described above.
- the nucleic acid or protein whose deliverability is enhanced into the immune cell by the method for increasing the deliverability of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, it can impart preferable physiological activity to the immune cell by being delivered into the immune cell.
- Small RNAs / DNAs such as siRNA (eg, FAM-siRNA, manufactured by Nippon Gene), ssRNA, shRNA, miRNA, S-modified oligo DNA (phosphorothioate, etc.), genes (eg, plasmid DNA, etc.), which can be substances, for example, as nucleic acids. mRNA, etc.) and the like.
- examples of the protein include, but are not limited to, antibodies (eg, IgG (eg, Alexa-IgG, manufactured by Invitrogen), etc.), peptides, and the like.
- the nucleic acid includes a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or an exogenous T cell receptor (TCR), and examples of the protein include an antibody.
- CAR chimeric antigen receptor
- TCR exogenous T cell receptor
- the number of nucleotides of the nucleic acid and the molecular weight of the protein are not particularly limited.
- the nucleic acid when the nucleic acid is a small RNA / DNA such as siRNA or antisense oligonucleic acid, the nucleic acid encodes 10 mer to 30 mer, preferably 15 mer to 25 mer, CAR or TCR.
- (Plasmid DNA) 1 to 10 kb, preferably 2 to 8 kb can be mentioned.
- 25 kDa to 900 kDa preferably 25 kDa to 320 kDa can be mentioned.
- the nucleic acid is a nucleic acid encoding CAR or exogenous TCR.
- the nucleic acids encoding CAR or exogenous TCR will be described in detail below.
- Nucleic acid encoding CAR CAR is an artificially constructed hybrid protein containing an antigen-binding domain (eg, scFv) of an antibody linked to a T cell signaling domain.
- an antigen-binding domain eg, scFv
- a feature of CAR is the ability to utilize the antigen-binding properties of monoclonal antibodies to convert T cell specificity and reactivity to selected targets in a non-MHC-binding manner.
- Non-MHC-binding antigen recognition gives T cells expressing CAR the ability to recognize antigens independently of antigen processing, thereby bypassing the major mechanism of tumor escape.
- CAR advantageously does not dimerize with the endogenous TCR ⁇ and ⁇ chains.
- the CAR used in the present invention is a surface antigen (eg, cancer antigen peptide, cancer) to be recognized by target immune cells (eg, T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, monospheres, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc.). It includes an antigen-binding domain, an extracellular hinge domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular T cell signal transduction domain of an antibody capable of specifically recognizing a surface receptor whose expression is upregulated in a cell.
- target immune cells eg, T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, monospheres, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc.
- Antigens specifically recognized by the antigen-binding domain include, for example, various cancers (eg, acute lymphocytic cancer, follicular rhombic myoma, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer (eg, pulp blast) Tumor), cancer, cancer of the anus, anal canal or anal rectal, cancer of the eye, cancer of the intrahepatic bile duct, cancer of the joint, cancer of the neck, bile sac or pleura, cancer of the nose, nasal cavity or middle ear, cancer of the oral cavity , Cancer of the genital area, chronic myeloid cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, fibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal cartinoid tumor, head and neck cancer (eg, squamous epithelial cancer of the head and neck), hypopharyngeal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal Cancer, leukemia (eg, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic le
- the antigen-binding domain used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an antibody fragment capable of specifically recognizing a target antigen, but considering the ease of CAR production, a light chain variable region and a heavy chain It is desirable that it is a single chain antibody (scFv) in which a variable region is linked via a linker peptide.
- the arrangement of the light chain variable region and the heavy chain variable region in the single chain antibody is not particularly limited as long as both can reconstitute the functional antigen-binding domain, but usually from the N-terminal side to the light chain variable region-linker peptide-weight. It can be designed in the order of the chain variable regions.
- linker peptide a known linker peptide that is usually used for producing a single chain antibody can be used.
- the DNA encoding the light chain variable region and the DNA encoding the heavy chain variable region are prepared, for example, by cloning the light chain gene and the heavy chain gene from antibody-producing cells and performing PCR using them as templates. Or, it can be chemically synthesized from the sequence information of an existing antibody.
- a DNA encoding a single-chain antibody can be obtained by ligating each of the obtained DNA fragments and the DNA encoding the linker peptide by an appropriate method. It is preferable that a leader sequence is further added to the N-terminal side of the antigen-binding domain in order to present CAR on the surface of immune cells.
- a domain derived from a T cell surface molecule usually used in the art can be appropriately used, and examples thereof include domains derived from CD8 ⁇ and CD28. Not limited.
- intracellular signal transduction domain examples include those having a CD3 ⁇ chain, and further co-stimulation transmission motifs such as CD28, CD134, CD137, Lck, DAP10, ICOS, and 4-1BB between the transmembrane domain and the CD3 ⁇ chain.
- co-stimulation transmission motifs such as CD28, CD134, CD137, Lck, DAP10, ICOS, and 4-1BB between the transmembrane domain and the CD3 ⁇ chain.
- co-stimulation transmission motifs examples include those having two or more co-stimulation transmission motifs, but are not limited thereto, and any domain usually used in the art can be used in combination.
- Nucleic acid sequence information encoding an extracellular hinge domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signal transduction domain is well known in the art, and a person skilled in the art can easily obtain each domain from a T cell based on the information.
- a DNA fragment encoding the above can be obtained.
- the DNA encoding the CAR is obtained by ligating the DNA fragments thus encoding the antigen-binding domain, the extracellular hinge domain, the transmembrane domain, and the intracellular signal transduction domain, respectively, by a conventional method. be able to.
- the obtained DNA encoding CAR should be inserted into an expression vector containing a functional promoter in T cells, preferably a plasmid vector, as it is or after adding an appropriate linker and / or nuclear localization signal.
- Functional promoters in T cells include SR ⁇ promoter, SV40 promoter, LTR promoter, CMV (cytomegalovirus) promoter, RSV (Rous sarcoma virus) promoter, and MoMuLV (Molony mouse leukemia virus) LTR, which are composed of mammalian cells.
- HSV-TK Simple Herpesvirus thymidine kinase
- gene promoters such as CD3, CD4, and CD8 that are specifically expressed in T cells can also be used.
- RNA encoding CAR preferably mRNA
- the RNA encoding CAR can be prepared by transcribing into mRNA using an expression vector containing the DNA encoding CAR as a template, using an in vitro transcription system known per se.
- TCR T cell receptor
- ⁇ chain, ⁇ chain TCR chain
- MHC leukocyte antigen
- TCR chain is composed of a variable region and a constant region, and the variable regions have three complementarity determining regions (CDR1, CDR2, CDR3).
- the TCR used in the present invention includes not only those in which the ⁇ and ⁇ chains of the TCR form a heterodimer, but also those in which a homodimer is formed. Further, the TCR includes those in which a part or all of the constant region is deleted, those in which the amino acid sequence is recombined, those in which the soluble TCR (soluble TCR) is obtained, and the like.
- exogenous TCR means that it is exogenous to T cells which are target cells in the present invention. The amino acid sequence of the exogenous TCR may be the same as or different from the endogenous TCR expressed by the T cells that are the target cells in the present invention.
- the nucleic acid encoding the TCR used in the present invention is a nucleic acid encoding the ⁇ chain and ⁇ chain of the TCR capable of specifically recognizing a surface antigen (eg, cancer antigen peptide, etc.) to be recognized by the target T cell. is there.
- the nucleic acid can be prepared by a method known per se.
- a DNA strand or an RNA strand is chemically synthesized based on the sequence, or a partially overlapping oligo DNA short strand is synthesized.
- the DNA encoding the full length or a part of the TCR of the present invention can be constructed by connecting using the PCR method or the Gibson Assembly method.
- the target T cell can be isolated from a cell population containing the T cell expressing the target TCR, and a nucleic acid encoding the TCR can be obtained from this T cell.
- a cell population containing T cells eg PBMC
- a living body eg, human
- the cells expressing the cell surface antigen are specified from this cell population by a known method using the specificity for the cell expressing the cell surface antigen and the cell surface antigen such as CD8 and CD4 as indicators.
- T cells to be recognized can be selected.
- the specificity of T cells for cells expressing the surface antigen can be measured using, for example, a dextromer assay, an ELISPOT assay, a cytotoxic assay, or the like.
- the cell population containing the T cells is, for example, a living body having many cells expressing a cell surface antigen recognized by the target TCR (eg, a patient with a disease such as cancer, or an epitope of the antigen or a pulse at the epitope. It is preferable to collect from a T cell-containing population in contact with the dendritic cells.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention can be obtained by extracting DNA from the isolated T cells by a conventional method, amplifying and cloning the TCR gene based on the nucleic acid sequence of the constant region of TCR using the DNA as a template.
- RNA is extracted from cells by a conventional method to synthesize cDNA, and using this as a template, 5'-RACE (5'-RACE) using an antisense primer complementary to the nucleic acid encoding the constant region of the TCR ⁇ chain and ⁇ chain, respectively. It can also be prepared by performing Rapid amplification of cDNA ends).
- 5'-RACE may be carried out by a known method, for example, using a commercially available kit such as SMART PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit (manufactured by Clontech).
- the DNA encoding the ⁇ -chain and ⁇ -chain of the obtained TCR can be inserted into an appropriate expression vector in the same manner as the DNA encoding the CAR.
- the DNA encoding the ⁇ chain and the DNA encoding the ⁇ chain may be inserted into the same vector or may be inserted into separate vectors. When inserted into the same vector, the expression vector may express both strands polycistronically or monocistronically.
- RNA encoding each strand of TCR preferably mRNA
- RNA encoding the CAR can be prepared, for example, using the expression vector as a template in the same manner as RNA encoding the CAR.
- the present invention also comprises a combination of a nucleic acid or protein with ultrafine bubble water or an ultrafine bubble aqueous solution containing phospholipid-free ultrafine bubbles having an average diameter of 200 nm or less.
- a preparation for delivering a protein into immune cells in which an effective amount (amount at which the immune cell exerts a desired effect) of the nucleic acid or the protein is delivered into the immune cell in combination with ultrasonic irradiation.
- a preparation hereinafter, also referred to as “the preparation of the present invention”
- immuno cell is synonymous with that defined in the system of the present invention.
- the nucleic acid or protein may be the nucleic acid or protein exemplified in the above-mentioned "method for increasing serviceability of the present invention". Further, as the ultrafine bubble water or the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution in the preparation of the present invention, the ultrafine bubble water or the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution described in the above-mentioned "system of the present invention" is used.
- the nucleic acid or protein may be mixed with the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention and administered to the subject as a single preparation, or both may coexist in the vicinity of immune cells at the same time. As long as each is formulated separately, they may be administered by the same or different routes at the same time or at different times.
- the nucleic acid or protein and the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention can be blended with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in an amount acceptable to humans or other mammals.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include pH adjusters such as monosodium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, disodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid; canamycin sulfate, erythromycin lactobionate, penicillin G potassium, etc.
- Antibiotics stabilizers such as lactose, potassium glutamate, D-sorbitol, aminoacetic acid, human serum albumin; colorants such as phenol red; isotonic agents such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
- the content of nucleic acids or proteins in the preparation of the present invention is particularly large as long as it can impart preferable physical properties such as desired physiological activity to the immune cells when they are delivered into the immune cells by ultrasonic irradiation.
- the preparation of the present invention contains a nucleic acid encoding CAR or exogenous TCR as a nucleic acid and is administered to mammals including humans, CAR or extrinsic TCR per kg of body weight at a time.
- the amount of nucleic acid encoding the above is in the range of 0.001 mg to 10 mg.
- it is administered in the range of 0.001 to 50 mg to a patient weighing 60 kg.
- the above dose is an example, and the dose can be appropriately selected depending on the type of nucleic acid used, the route of administration, the age, body weight, symptom, etc. of the administration target or patient.
- the amount of ultrafine bubble water or the like is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to deliver nucleic acid or protein into immune cells by ultrasonic irradiation.
- ultrafine bubbles in the vicinity of immune cells The amount may be such that the ultrafine bubbles can be delivered so that the density is 1 ⁇ 10 8 to 10 ⁇ 10 8 pieces / mL, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 8 to 5 ⁇ 10 8 pieces / mL.
- the present invention also provides a method of delivering a nucleic acid or protein into the cell, comprising contacting the immune cell with the formulation of the invention and treating with ultrasound.
- immune cell is synonymous with that defined in the system of the present invention.
- the target to which the "method for increasing deliverability of the present invention” and the “method for delivering the present invention” can be applied is an immune cell (also referred to as "ex vivo immune cell” in the present specification) collected from a living body or a tissue containing the same.
- Immune cells in the animal body also referred to as “in vivo immune cells” in the present specification
- the means for administering the ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention to the subject is not particularly limited as long as it is an administration route capable of delivering the ultrafine bubble to the vicinity of immune cells.
- a nucleic acid encoding CAR or an exogenous TCR is delivered as a nucleic acid will be described separately as ex vivo immune cells and in vivo immune cells, as specific examples.
- CAR or exogenous TCR can be combined with ultrafine bubble water or the like in the present invention and ultrasonic waves.
- ex vivo immune cells expressing the CAR or exogenous TCR can be produced. Therefore, the present invention also provides ex vivo immune cells obtained by this method.
- immune cell here, among those defined in the system of the present invention, cells having the ability to damage target cells (pathogenic cells) such as cancer cells by some mechanism of action (so-called immunity).
- T cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity NK cells responsible for natural immunity, monospheres, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc., and NK cells among acquired immunity.
- examples thereof include NKT cells, which are T cells having.
- the immune cell can be a T cell. T cells collected from a living body are also referred to as "ex vivo T cells" in the present specification.
- the immune cell can be a cell responsible for innate immunity such as NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and the like.
- the above-mentioned effector immune cell or a stem cell having totipotency or pluripotency capable of final differentiation into them, or a precursor thereof.
- the cell population contains cells (excluding embryos and other totipotent or pluripotent stem cells), specific immune cells isolated and purified (eg, T cells, NK cells, monospheres, macrophages, etc.) It may be an NKT cell such as a dendritic cell or a stem / progenitor cell thereof) or an heterogeneous cell population containing multiple types of immune cells such as lymphocytes.
- the isolated and purified T cells include cytotoxic T cells (CTL) which are CD8 positive cells, helper T cells which are CD4 positive cells, control T cells, effector T cells, and the like. Are cytotoxic T cells.
- the lymphocytes can be collected from, for example, peripheral blood, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood of human or non-human mammals, or can be produced from stem cells such as iPS cells.
- ex-vivo immune cells eg, ex-vivo T cells
- the cell population is the target of treatment. It is preferably taken from itself or from a donor that matches the MHC type to be treated.
- unipotent or pluripotent stem cells or progenitor cells capable of final differentiation into immune cells include hematopoietic stem cells, myerophosphorid common progenitor cells (MLP), myeloid progenitor cells (MP), and granulocytes.
- MLP myerophosphorid common progenitor cells
- MP myeloid progenitor cells
- GFP nuclear progenitor cells
- MDP macrophages-dendritic cell progenitor cells
- DCP dendritic cell progenitor cells
- These stem / progenitor cells can be differentiated into various immune cells, for example T cells, by a method known per se.
- the method for contacting the preparation of the present invention with ex vivo immune cells is not particularly limited, but for example, the preparation of the present invention may be added to a medium of ordinary immune cells. Since immune cells proliferate in a floating state without adhering to a culture vessel, preculture of ex vivo immune cells and contact with the preparation of the present invention are performed in a culture coated with a non-adhesive or low-adhesive substrate. It is preferably performed in a container. Ultrasound irradiation can be performed on ex vivo immune cells using the ultrasonic generator and irradiation conditions described in the system of the present invention.
- the T cells are originally derived from the viewpoint of increasing the expression of the exogenous TCR, suppressing the appearance of mispair TCR, or suppressing the autoreactivity.
- Expression of the expressed endogenous TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ chains may be suppressed by siRNA.
- siRNA that suppresses the expression of the endogenous TCR ⁇ chain and TCR ⁇ chain acts on the base sequence of the nucleic acid encoding the TCR.
- the nucleotide sequence can be prepared by introducing a silent mutation into a nucleic acid encoding TCR obtained from nature, or by chemically synthesizing an artificially designed nucleic acid. Alternatively, part or all of the constant region of the nucleic acid encoding the exogenous TCR may be replaced with a constant region derived from a non-human animal, such as a mouse, to avoid mispairing with the endogenous TCR strand.
- the formulations of the invention can be delivered to mammals (humans or other mammals (eg, mice, rats). , Hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys), preferably humans), and tissues / organs containing immune cells (eg, spleen, thymus, etc.) are irradiated with ultrasonic waves.
- the nucleic acid can be introduced into immune cells in an animal, such as T cells (also referred to herein as "in vivo T cells”), to induce the expression of CAR or exogenous TCR.
- T cells also referred to herein as "in vivo T cells”
- the in vivo immune cells exert a preventive or therapeutic effect on the disease by specifically recognizing cancer cells expressing a surface antigen targeted by CAR or exogenous TCR and killing the diseased cells. Can be done.
- the preparation of the present invention is, for example, in the form of an injection, in vivo immune cells by subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, infusion, intracerebral injection, cerebrospinal fluid injection, intraocular injection, etc.
- the nucleic acid, ultrafine bubble water, etc. can be delivered in the vicinity.
- the operation conventionally used for ultrasonic diagnosis may be performed by replacing the target site with a tissue / organ containing in vivo immune cells.
- Method for increasing deliverability of the present invention and “method for delivering the present invention” are induced to differentiate from exvivo immune cells, that is, immune cells isolated from animals, or stem cells such as iPS cells by a method known per se.
- exvivo immune cells that is, immune cells isolated from animals, or stem cells such as iPS cells by a method known per se.
- the step of culturing the immune cells after the transfection treatment may be included.
- maintenance culture of finally differentiated immune cells and more undifferentiated stem / precursor cells are performed using a culture vessel (eg, dish, flask, etc.) and a culture device (eg, CO 2 incubator, etc.) known per se. It can be carried out in a medium usually used for inducing differentiation into finally differentiated immune cells.
- the above-mentioned culturing step also includes a subculture step.
- the expression intensity of the target substance introduced into the cells can be maintained.
- the exvivo immune cell into which the target substance has been introduced can be produced by the action of the target substance.
- it can be used as is or as known pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (excipients, diluents, bulking agents, binders, lubricants). , Flow aids, disintegrants, surfactants, etc.) and conventional additives can be mixed to prepare a pharmaceutical composition.
- Excipients are well known to those of skill in the art, and auxiliary agents such as wetting agents or emulsifiers, and pH buffering agents can also be used. Further, formulation aids such as suspending agents, preservatives, stabilizers and dispersants may be used.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be in a dry form for reconstitution with a suitable sterile liquid before use.
- the pharmaceutical composition is prepared in the form of preparation (tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, syrups, emulsions, suspensions and other oral administrations; injections, infusions, external preparations, suppositories and the like. Oral administration or parenteral administration can be performed systemically or locally depending on the parenteral administration agent) and the like.
- intravenous administration In the case of parenteral administration, intravenous administration, intradermal administration, subcutaneous administration, rectal administration, transdermal administration and the like are possible.
- an acceptable buffer, solubilizing agent, isotonic agent and the like When used in the injection form, an acceptable buffer, solubilizing agent, isotonic agent and the like can be added.
- the ex vivo immune cells into which the target substance has been introduced are cells expressing a surface antigen specifically recognized by the CAR or exogenous TCR. It can be specifically recognized and killed (eg, induce apoptosis). Therefore, as a surface antigen, a nucleic acid encoding CAR or exogenous TCR that recognizes a surface molecule that is specifically expressed in a diseased cell such as a cancer cell or whose expression is upregulated is contained as an active ingredient.
- Exvivo immune cells into which the nucleic acid has been introduced and express the CAR or exogenous TCR can be used for the prevention or treatment of diseases such as cancer, humans or other mammals (eg, mice, rats). , Hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys), preferably humans.
- the medicament containing ex vivo immune cells into which the target substance has been introduced according to the present invention can be a preventive or therapeutic agent for cancer.
- the cancer to which the drug is applied is not particularly limited, and for example, acute lymphocytic cancer, follicular rhombic myoma, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer (eg, medullary cell tumor), breast cancer, etc.
- the dose of the drug containing ex vivo immune cells into which the target substance has been introduced according to the present invention is, for example, in the range of 0.001 mg to 10 mg as the amount of nucleic acid encoding CAR or exogenous TCR per 1 kg of body weight at one time. Is administered at. For example, when administered to a human patient, it is administered in the range of 0.001 to 50 mg to a patient weighing 60 kg.
- the above dose is an example, and the dose can be appropriately selected depending on the type of nucleic acid used, the route of administration, the age, body weight, symptom, etc. of the administration target or patient.
- the drug containing ex vivo immune cells into which the target substance has been introduced according to the present invention is preferably administered parenterally to a subject for use.
- Parenteral administration methods include intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous administration.
- the dose is appropriately selected according to the condition, body weight, age, etc. of the subject, but the number of cells is usually 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 per administration for a subject having a body weight of 60 kg.
- it is preferably administered so as to be 1 ⁇ 10 7 to 1 ⁇ 10 9 and more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 7 to 5 ⁇ 10 8 . Further, it may be administered once or may be administered multiple times.
- Example 1 Gene transfer into T cells Jurkat E6.1 (3 ⁇ 10 4 cells, 0.5 mL) in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS was seeded at 48 wells. After removing the medium, 0.5 mL of Ultrafine Bubble / RPMI medium containing 5 ⁇ g of pGFP was added. As the ultrafine bubble / RPMI medium, 1 L of the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution prepared in Reference Example 1 was added to the RPMI medium powder, and 2 g / L NaHCO 3 and 10% FBS were added, which was used as the transfection medium.
- the medium was irradiated with ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 1 MHz and an output intensity of 0.5 W / cm 2 for 10 sec using an ultrasonic generator (NEPAGENE), and then cultured for 2 hours, and then the transfection medium was removed.
- the cells were cultured in RPMI medium (culture medium) for 48 hours. Then, the cells were collected and completely dissolved in 0.15 mL of cell lysate, and then the amount of fluorescence of GFP was measured with a spectrofluorometer. The number of viable cells was also measured, converted into the amount of fluorescence per viable cell, and compared. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 Protein introduction into T cells Jurkat E6.1 (3 ⁇ 10 4 cells, 0.5 mL) in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FBS was seeded at 48 wells. After removing the medium, 0.5 mL of ultrafine bubble / RPMI medium containing IgG-FITC (4 mL of ultrafine bubble / RPMI medium was added to 40 ⁇ L of IgG-FITC) was added. As the ultrafine bubble / RPMI medium, 1 L of the ultrafine bubble aqueous solution prepared in Reference Example 1 was added to the RPMI medium powder, and 2 g / L NaHCO 3 and 10% FBS were added, which was used as the transfection medium.
- the system of the present invention can efficiently deliver a target substance such as nucleic acid or protein into immune cells by irradiating ultrasonic waves with low output intensity, so that the drug can be delivered into immune cells with high safety.
- the system can be provided.
- the efficiency of introducing the target substance into the cell can be significantly increased by using the ultrafine bubble as compared with the case of using the conventional microbubble.
- liposomes since it is not necessary to use liposomes, it can be manufactured at low cost and is highly safe. From the above, the system of the present invention is extremely useful as a novel DDS into immune cells.
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Abstract
Description
超音波は、医療現場において主に超音波造影装置として利用されてきた。超音波造影剤であるマイクロバブルが超音波診断に画期的な進歩をもたらしている。一方、最近では、超音波を診断以外にも利用できるようになり、例えば、超音波エネルギーを患部に集束させて患部のみを加熱することによる非侵襲的がん温熱療法が、子宮筋腫や前立腺がんで臨床応用されている。また、非侵襲性と空間的・時間的制御が容易であることに着目して、超音波照射を、遺伝子や薬物を目的細胞に送達させるドラッグデリバリーシステム(DDS)の手段として利用する研究(ソノポレーション)も進められている。
本発明者らは、これらの知見に基づいてさらに検討を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
[1]平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液と、超音波発生装置とを組み合わせてなる、免疫細胞内への目的物質の送達システム;
[2]ウルトラファインバブル水溶液が、アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤および両性界面活性剤から選ばれる1種または2種以上の界面活性剤、親水性樹脂、及び緩衝液から選ばれる1または2以上の成分を含む、[1]に記載のシステム;
[3]ウルトラファインバブル水溶液が、非イオン性界面活性剤および/または親水性樹脂とからなる、[1]または[2]に記載のシステム;
[3-1]ウルトラファインバブル水溶液が、イオン性界面活性剤および/または親水性樹脂とからなる、[1]または[2]に記載のシステム;
[4]ウルトラファインバブルが、パーフルオロ炭化水素または空気で構成される、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[5]ウルトラファインバブルの平均径が、50nm~200nmである、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[6]ウルトラファインバブルのd90/d10比が5以下である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[7]ウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液におけるウルトラファインバブルの密度が、1.0×108個/mL以上である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[8]超音波発生装置において超音波の出力強度が、720mW/cm2以下である、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[9]超音波発生装置において超音波の出力強度が50~500mW/cm2および超音波の周波数が0.5~10MHzである、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[10]目的物質が核酸又はタンパク質である、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[11]核酸がキメラ抗原受容体または外因性T細胞受容体をコードする、[10]に記載のシステム;
[12]免疫細胞がT細胞である、[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のシステム;
[13]免疫細胞内へ核酸を送達するための、[11]または[12]に記載のシステム;
[14]平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液と、超音波とを用いて、核酸またはタンパク質の免疫細胞内送達性を増大させる方法;
[15]核酸又はタンパク質と、平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液とを組み合わせてなる、該核酸又は該タンパク質を免疫細胞内に送達させるための製剤であって、超音波照射との併用により有効量の該核酸又は該タンパク質が免疫細胞内に送達されることを特徴とする、製剤;
[16]免疫細胞を、[15]に記載の製剤と接触させ、超音波で処理することを含む、該細胞内への核酸又はタンパク質の送達方法;
等に関する。
また、従来ウルトラファインバブルは圧壊した際にマイクロバブルと比較して細胞膜の損傷が激しく、細胞のトランスフェクションには不向きと考えられていたが、意外にも、本発明によれば、ウルトラファインバブルを使用することにより、マイクロバブルを使用した場合と比較し、細胞内への目的物質の導入効率を顕著に増大させることができる。
さらに、該平均径200nm以下のウルトラファインバブルはウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液内で長期間安定である。
I.本発明のシステム
本発明は、平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液と、超音波発生装置とを組み合わせてなる、免疫細胞内への目的物質の送達システム(以下、「本発明のシステム」ともいう)を提供する。
前記リンパ球は、ヒト又は非ヒト哺乳動物の例えば末梢血、骨髄及び臍帯血より採取したり、iPS細胞などの幹細胞から自体公知の方法を用いて分化誘導することにより製造することができる。本発明を適用して目的物質が導入された、単離された免疫細胞(例、T細胞)を、癌などの疾患の治療に用いる場合には、当該細胞は治療対象自身、又は治療対象のMHCタイプと一致したドナーから採取することが好ましい。あるいは、リンパ球は、動物個体中に存在するリンパ球であり得る。
本明細書において、「T細胞」とは、リンパ器官あるいは末梢血中等に認められる白血球の一種で、主に胸腺で分化成熟しTCRを発現することを特徴とするリンパ球の一分類を意味する。本発明の種々の実施形態に用いることができるT細胞としては、例えば、CD8陽性細胞である細胞傷害性T細胞(CTL)、CD4陽性細胞であるヘルパーT細胞、制御性T細胞、エフェクターT細胞などが挙げられるが、好ましくは、細胞傷害性T細胞である。
本発明において「リン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブル」とは、バブルの殻(shell)がリン脂質二重層の構造を形成していないウルトラファインバブルである。
本発明において「ウルトラファインバブル水」とは、ウルトラファインバブルを含有する水のことをいう。
本発明において「ウルトラファインバブル水溶液」とは、ウルトラファインバブルを含有する水溶液のことをいう。ウルトラファインバブル水溶液を構成する水溶液は、例えば、
1)アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤および両性界面活性剤から選ばれる1種または2種以上の界面活性剤、
2)親水性樹脂および
3)緩衝液
から選ばれる1種または2種以上の物質を成分として含む。
本発明において「非イオン性界面活性剤」としては、例えば、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル(例、モノステアリン酸グリセリン等)、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル(例、モノステアリン酸ソルビタン、モノラウリン酸ソルビタン等)、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレン(硬化)ヒマシ油、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル(例、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンラウリン酸エステル(例、ポリソルベート20等)、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンオレイン酸エステル(例、ポリソルベート80等)等)、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル(例、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル等)、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテル(例、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンセチルエーテル等)、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル(例、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル等)、マクロゴール類、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコール(例、ポロクサマー407、ポロクサマー235、ポロクサマー188、ポロキサミン等)等が挙げられる。中でも好ましくは、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンラウリン酸エステル(例、ポリソルベート20等)、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンオレイン酸エステル(例、ポリソルベート80等)である。さらに好ましくはポリソルベート20またはポリソルベート80である。特に好ましくはポリソルベート80である。
本発明において「カチオン性界面活性剤」としては、例えば、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、塩化セチルピリジニウム、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化デカリニウム等が挙げられる。
本発明において「両性界面活性剤」としては、例えば、コカミドプロピルベタイン、コカミドプロピルヒドロキシスルタイン等が挙げられる。
上記界面活性剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記親水性樹脂は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
別の好ましい実施態様において、「ウルトラファインバブル水溶液」を構成する水溶液として、イオン性(アニオン性もしくはカチオン性)界面活性剤および/または親水性樹脂とからなる水溶液等が挙げられる。
本明細書において「平均径」とは、分布の最頻値(個数%の極大値)に対応する粒子径(モード径)を意味する。
本明細書において「ウルトラファインバブル水」もしくは「ウルトラファインバブル水溶液」とは、1000nm以下の直径を有する気体粒子(ウルトラファインバブル)が安定に存在する水もしくは水溶液を意味する。本発明におけるウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液(以下、「本発明におけるウルトラファインバブル水等」ともいう)は、平均径が約200nm以下であるウルトラファインバブルを含むことを特徴とする。
ウルトラファインバブル径、ウルトラファインバブル個数基準分布およびウルトラファインバブル数の値は、通常、ウルトラファインバブル水等の製造直後に測定されてもよく、長期保管後に測定されてもよい。本発明におけるウルトラファインバブル水等のウルトラファインバブル径、ウルトラファインバブル個数基準分布およびウルトラファインバブル数は極めて長期間(例えば、6ヶ月~2年程度)安定に維持されるため、ウルトラファインバブル水を製造後に一定期間密閉保管後、使用直前にウルトラファインバブル径、ウルトラファインバブル個数基準分布およびウルトラファインバブル数を測定した値であってもよい。
上記した添加剤は、2種以上を適宜の割合で混合して用いてもよい。
これらの添加剤(アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤および両性界面活性剤から選ばれる1種または2種以上の界面活性剤、親水性樹脂、及び緩衝剤を含む)は、ウルトラファインバブルの生成および安定性等に影響を与えない限り、予め水に溶解して直接ウルトラファインバブル水溶液として調製することもでき、あるいは、添加剤を含まない水中にウルトラファインバブルを生成させウルトラファインバブル水とした後、用時添加剤を溶解しウルトラファインバブル水溶液としてもよい。
水溶液としては、非荷電のウルトラファインバブル水溶液、プラスに帯電したウルトラファインバブル水溶液およびマイナスに帯電したウルトラファインバブル水溶液のいずれも使用でき、標的免疫細胞の種類や周辺の微小環境、目的物質の種類等に応じて、適宜選択することができる。本発明の、ウルトラファインバブル水溶液と超音波とを用いて目的物質を免疫細胞内に送達させる方法において、例えば目的物質が高分子化合物(例、核酸、タンパク質等)の場合、ウルトラファインバブル水溶液としては、マイナスに帯電したウルトラファインバブル水溶液が好ましい場合がある。また、別の態様においては、本発明の、ウルトラファインバブル水溶液と超音波とを用いて目的物質を免疫細胞内に送達させる方法において、目的物質が高分子化合物の場合、ウルトラファインバブル水溶液としては、プラスに帯電したウルトラファインバブル水溶液が好ましい場合がある。
また、ウルトラファインバブル水溶液の電荷は、例えば、用いる緩衝液のpHにより適宜調整することができる。例えばプラスに帯電したウルトラファインバブル水溶液とする場合、ウルトラファインバブル水溶液のpHとしては、例えば1~4が好ましい。一方、マイナスに帯電したウルトラファインバブル水溶液とする場合、ウルトラファインバブル水溶液のpHとしては、例えば7~14が好ましい。
該界面活性剤、親水性樹脂および緩衝剤を2種以上組み合わせて用いる場合は、その合計量を水への含有量とする。
本発明におけるウルトラファインバブル水等は加熱滅菌を行うことができ、加熱滅菌後もウルトラファインバブル数を1.0×108個/mL以上に維持することができる。
本発明における「超音波発生装置」を用いる場合の条件としては、例えば、(i)超音波の出力強度が50~720mW/cm2(好ましくは50~500mW/cm2)、(ii)超音波の周波数が0.5~10MHzおよび(iii)超音波の照射時間が1~60秒の組み合わせが挙げられる。中でも好ましくは、(i)超音波の出力強度が50~500mW/cm2、(ii)超音波の周波数が1~5MHzおよび(iii)超音波の照射時間が1~60秒の組み合わせ等が挙げられる。
本発明はまた、平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液と、超音波とを用いて、核酸またはタンパク質の免疫細胞内送達性を増大させる方法(以下、「本発明の送達性増大方法」ともいう)も提供する。当該方法は、本発明におけるウルトラファインバブル水等を対象に投与して免疫細胞の近傍に送達させること、および免疫細胞に対して超音波照射を行うことを含み、それにより核酸またはタンパク質が免疫細胞内に送達される。ここで「免疫細胞」とは、上記本発明のシステムにおいて定義されたものと同義である。
CARは、T細胞シグナル伝達ドメインに連結された抗体の抗原結合ドメイン(例、scFv)を含む、人工的に構築されたハイブリッドタンパク質である。CARの特徴には、モノクローナル抗体の抗原結合特性を利用して、非MHC拘束的様式でT細胞の特異性及び反応性を、選択された標的に対して転換する能力が挙げられる。非MHC拘束的抗原認識は、CARを発現するT細胞に、抗原プロセシングと無関係に抗原を認識する能力を与え、それにより、腫瘍エスケープの主要な機構を迂回する。さらに、T細胞中で発現されると、CARは、有利なことに、内在性TCR α鎖及びβ鎖と二量体化しない。
そのようにして得られた、抗原結合ドメイン、細胞外ヒンジドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン及び細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインをそれぞれコードするDNA断片を、常法により連結することにより、CARをコードするDNAを取得することができる。
本明細書において、「T細胞受容体(TCR)」とは、TCR鎖(α鎖、β鎖)のダイマーから構成され、抗原又は該抗原-HLA(ヒト白血球型抗原)(MHC;主要組織適合遺伝子複合体)複合体を認識してT細胞へ刺激シグナルを伝達する受容体を意味する。それぞれのTCR鎖は可変領域と定常領域から構成され、可変領域には、3つの相補性決定領域(CDR1、CDR2、CDR3)が存在する。また、本発明で使用されるTCRには、TCRのα鎖とβ鎖がヘテロダイマーを構成しているものだけでなく、ホモダイマーを構成しているものも包含される。さらに、該TCRには、定常領域の一部若しくは全部を欠損したものや、アミノ酸配列を組み換えたもの、可溶性TCR(soluble TCR)としたものなども包含される。
尚、「外因性TCR」とは、本発明における標的細胞であるT細胞にとって外因性であることを意味する。外因性TCRのアミノ酸配列は、本発明における標的細胞であるT細胞が発現する内因性TCRと同一であっても、異なっていてもよい。
該核酸は自体公知の方法により調製することができる。目的のTCRのアミノ酸配列または核酸配列が公知である場合には、該配列に基づき、例えば、化学的にDNA鎖やRNA鎖を合成するか、もしくは合成した一部オーバーラップするオリゴDNA短鎖を、PCR法やGibson Assembly法を利用して接続することにより、本発明のTCRの全長又は一部をコードするDNAを構築することが可能である。
また、TCRの各鎖をコードするRNA、好ましくは、mRNAは、例えば、該発現ベクターを鋳型として、前記CARをコードするRNAと同様にして、調製することができる。
本発明はまた、核酸又はタンパク質と、平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液とを組み合わせてなる、該核酸又は該タンパク質を免疫細胞内に送達させるための製剤であって、超音波照射との併用により有効量(免疫細胞が所望の効果を発揮する量)の該核酸又は該タンパク質が免疫細胞内に送達されることを特徴とする、製剤(以下、「本発明の製剤」ともいう。)を提供する。ここで「免疫細胞」とは、上記本発明のシステムにおいて定義されたものと同義である。
医薬上許容できる担体としては、リン酸一ナトリウム、リン酸二カリウム、リン酸二ナトリウム、リン酸一カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、塩酸等のpH調節剤;硫酸カナマイシン、ラクトビオン酸エリスロマイシン、ペニシリンGカリウム等の抗生物質;乳糖、グルタミン酸カリウム、D-ソルビトール、アミノ酢酸、ヒト血清アルブミン等の安定剤;フェノールレッド等の着色剤;塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム等の等張化剤等が挙げられる。
本発明はまた、免疫細胞を、上記本発明の製剤と接触させ、超音波で処理することを含む、該細胞内への核酸又はタンパク質の送達方法を提供する。ここで「免疫細胞」とは、上記本発明のシステムにおいて定義されたものと同義である。
本発明の送達方法によれば、本発明におけるウルトラファインバブル水等と超音波とを組み合わせて、CARまたは外因性TCRをコードする核酸をex vivo免疫細胞に送達させることにより、該CAR又は外因性TCRを発現するex vivo免疫細胞を製造することができる。従って、本発明はまた、該方法により得られるex vivo免疫細胞を提供する。ここでの「免疫細胞」としては、上記本発明のシステムにおいて定義されたもののうち、がん細胞等の標的細胞(病原細胞)を、何らかの作用機序により障害し得る能力を有する細胞(いわゆる免疫エフェクター細胞)であれば特に制限はないが、例えば、獲得免疫のうち細胞性免疫を担うT細胞や、自然免疫を担うNK細胞、単球、マクロファージ、樹状細胞等、並びにNK細胞の性質を有するT細胞であるNKT細胞などが挙げられる。好ましい一実施態様においては、免疫細胞はT細胞であり得る。生体から採取したT細胞を、本明細書において「ex vivo T細胞」ともいう。一方、別の好ましい実施態様においては、免疫細胞は、NK細胞、マクロファージ、樹状細胞等の自然免疫を担う細胞であり得る。T細胞はMHCタイプが一致する場合でも、同種異系(アロ)移植によりGVHDを引き起こすリスクが相当程度あるのに対し、アロNK細胞等はGVHDを引き起こさないと考えられている。従って、種々のMHCタイプのアロex vivo免疫細胞を準備しておけば、off-the-shelfでの使用が可能となる。CAR-NK細胞については、例えば、US2016/0096892、Mol Ther. 25(8): 1769-1781 (2017)等に、CAR-樹状細胞、CAR-マクロファージ等については、例えば、WO2017/019848、eLIFE. 2018 e36688等に記載されている。
本発明の送達方法によれば、本発明の製剤を、哺乳動物(ヒト又は他の哺乳動物(例:マウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ、ネコ、イヌ、ウシ、ヒツジ、サル)、好ましくは、ヒト)に投与し、免疫細胞を含む組織・臓器(例、脾臓、胸腺等)に超音波照射を行うことにより、該動物体内の免疫細胞、例えばT細胞(本明細書において「in vivo T細胞」ともいう)内に該核酸が導入され、CAR又は外因性TCRの発現を誘導することができる。該in vivo 免疫細胞が、CAR又は外因性TCRが標的とする表面抗原を発現するがん細胞等を特異的に認識して当該疾患細胞を殺傷することにより、当該疾患に対する予防又は治療効果を発揮し得る。
本発明システムを用いて、また、本発明の送達方法により、目的物質が導入されたex vivo免疫細胞は、該目的物質の作用により所望の効果が奏される(例えば、新たな生理活性を獲得する)ので、そのまま、あるいは、公知の薬学的に許容される担体(賦形剤、希釈剤、増量剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、流動助剤、崩壊剤、界面活性剤等などが含まれる)や慣用の添加剤などと混合して医薬組成物として調製することができる。賦形剤は、当業者にはよく知られており、また、湿潤剤又は乳化剤などの補助剤、及びpH緩衝剤も使用することができる。さらに、懸濁化剤、保存剤、安定化剤及び分散剤などの製剤補助剤などを用いてもよい。また、上記医薬組成物は、使用前に適切な無菌の液体により再構成するための乾燥形態であってもよい。該医薬組成物は、調製する形態(錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、散剤、顆粒剤、シロップ剤、乳剤、懸濁液などの経口投与剤;注射剤、点滴剤、外用剤、坐剤などの非経口投与剤)等に応じて、全身的に又は局所的に、経口投与又は非経口投与することができる。非経口投与する場合には、静脈投与、皮内投与、皮下投与、直腸投与、経皮投与すること等が可能である。また注射剤型で用いる場合には、許容される緩衝剤、溶解補助剤、等張剤等を添加することもできる。
好ましい実施態様において、本発明により目的物質が導入されたex vivo免疫細胞を含む医薬は、がんの予防又は治療薬であり得る。当該医薬の適用対象となるがんは特に制限されず、例えば、急性リンパ球性癌、胞巣状横紋筋肉腫、膀胱癌、骨癌、脳癌(例、髄芽細胞腫)、乳癌、肛門、肛門管若しくは肛門直腸の癌、眼の癌、肝内胆管の癌、関節の癌、頸部、胆嚢若しくは胸膜の癌、鼻、鼻腔若しくは中耳の癌、口腔の癌、外陰部の癌、慢性骨髄性癌、結腸癌、食道癌、子宮頸癌、線維肉腫、消化管カルチノイド腫瘍、頭頸部癌(例、頭頸部扁平上皮癌)、下咽頭癌、腎臓癌、喉頭癌、白血病(例、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、急性リンパ球性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、急性骨髄性白血病)、液性腫瘍、肝臓癌、肺癌(例、非小細胞肺癌)、リンパ腫(例、ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫、濾胞性リンパ腫)、悪性中皮腫、肥満細胞腫、黒色腫、多発性骨髄腫、上咽頭癌、卵巣癌、膵臓癌;腹膜、網及び腸間膜の癌;咽頭癌、前立腺癌、直腸癌、腎癌、皮膚癌、小腸癌、軟組織癌、固形腫瘍、胃癌、精巣癌、甲状腺癌、尿管癌などが挙げられるが、それらに限定されない。
本発明により目的物質が導入されたex vivo免疫細胞を含む医薬は、非経口的に対象に投与して用いることが好ましい。非経口的な投与方法としては、静脈内、動脈内、筋肉内、腹腔内、及び皮下投与などの方法が挙げられる。投与量は、対象の状態、体重、年齢等応じて適宜選択されるが、通常、細胞数として、体重60kgの対象に対し、1回当り、通常1×106~1×1010個となるように、好ましくは1×107~1×109個となるように、より好ましくは5×107~5×108個となるように投与される。また、1回で投与してもよく、複数回にわたって投与してもよい。
以下の参考例および実施例において、「%」は特記しない限り、重量/容量%を示す。
注射用水2Lまたは薄めたMclivaine緩衝液(pH3.0)2Lにポリソルベート80を2g溶解させ(0.1% ポリソルベート80)、IDEC社製ウルトラファインバブル発生装置(nanoGALFTMFZ1N-02)を用いて、以下の設定によりウルトラファインバブル水溶液を調製した。酸性緩衝液(薄めたMclivaine緩衝液:pH3.0)を用いるとプラスチャージのウルトラファインバブルを、注射用水を用いるとマイナスチャージのウルトラファインバブルを製造できる。
・調製に用いたガス:空気
・気泡水流量:約4.0L/分
・溶解圧力:300KPa±5%(s.d.)
調製されたウルトラファインバブル水溶液は、適宜、オートクレーブを用いて121~124℃で30分間高圧蒸気滅菌した。滅菌後にナノサイト
社、LM10を用いたレーザー光散乱を利用したトラッキング法(追尾法)を用いてウルトラファインバブル平均径、ウルトラファインバブル密度およびd90/d10比を測定した。
ウルトラファインバブル平均径:120nm±16nm
ウルトラファインバブル密度:4×108個/mL
d90/d10比:3.3
10% FBS含有RPMI1640培地中のJurkat E6.1(3×104 cell,0.5mL)を48wellに播種した。培地を除去した後にpGFP 5μg含有したウルトラファインバブル/RPMI培地を0.5mL加えた。ウルトラファインバブル/RPMI培地は、RPMI培地用粉末に参考例1で調製したウルトラファインバブル水溶液を1L加え、2g/L NaHCO3及び10% FBSを添加したものを、トランスフェクション用培地として用いた。
結果を図1に示す。
10% FBS含有RPMI1640培地中のJurkat E6.1(3×104 cell,0.5mL)を48wellに播種した。培地を除去した後にIgG-FITCを含有したウルトラファインバブル/RPMI培地(IgG-FITC 40μLに対しウルトラファインバブル/RPMI培地を4mL添加した)を0.5mL加えた。ウルトラファインバブル/RPMI培地は、RPMI培地用粉末に参考例1で調製したウルトラファインバブル水溶液を1L加え、2g/L NaHCO3及び10% FBSを添加したものを、トランスフェクション用培地として用いた。
結果を図2に示す。
Claims (16)
- 平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液と、超音波発生装置とを組み合わせてなる、免疫細胞内への目的物質の送達システム。
- ウルトラファインバブル水溶液が、アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤および両性界面活性剤から選ばれる1種または2種以上の界面活性剤、親水性樹脂、及び緩衝液から選ばれる1または2以上の成分を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- ウルトラファインバブル水溶液が、非イオン性界面活性剤および/または親水性樹脂とからなる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- ウルトラファインバブルが、パーフルオロ炭化水素または空気で構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- ウルトラファインバブルの平均径が、50nm~200nmである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- ウルトラファインバブルのd90/d10比が5以下である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- ウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液におけるウルトラファインバブルの密度が、1.0×108個/mL以上である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 超音波発生装置において超音波の出力強度が、720mW/cm2以下である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 超音波発生装置において超音波の出力強度が50~500mW/cm2および超音波の周波数が0.5~10MHzである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 目的物質が核酸又はタンパク質である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 核酸がキメラ抗原受容体または外因性T細胞受容体をコードする、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 免疫細胞がT細胞である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 免疫細胞内へ核酸を送達するための、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液と、超音波とを用いて、核酸またはタンパク質の免疫細胞内送達性を増大させる方法。
- 核酸又はタンパク質と、平均径が200nm以下であるリン脂質を含まないウルトラファインバブルを含むウルトラファインバブル水もしくはウルトラファインバブル水溶液とを組み合わせてなる、該核酸又は該タンパク質を免疫細胞内に送達させるための製剤であって、超音波照射との併用により有効量の該核酸又は該タンパク質が免疫細胞内に送達されることを特徴とする、製剤。
- 免疫細胞を、請求項15に記載の製剤と接触させ、超音波で処理することを含む、該細胞内への核酸又はタンパク質の送達方法。
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| JP2024053521A (ja) * | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-15 | 睦月電機株式会社 | ナノバブル液剤の利用方法 |
| US12606463B2 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2026-04-21 | International Digital Genetic Engineering Ab | Method for repairing stem cells and use thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12606463B2 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2026-04-21 | International Digital Genetic Engineering Ab | Method for repairing stem cells and use thereof |
| JP2024053521A (ja) * | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-15 | 睦月電機株式会社 | ナノバブル液剤の利用方法 |
| JP7599079B2 (ja) | 2022-10-03 | 2024-12-13 | 睦月電機株式会社 | ナノバブル液剤を利用するための装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120485288A (zh) | 2025-08-15 |
| EP3991746A4 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
| JPWO2020262540A1 (ja) | 2020-12-30 |
| CN114302708A (zh) | 2022-04-08 |
| JP7620548B2 (ja) | 2025-01-23 |
| EP3991746A1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
| US20220251576A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
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