WO2021012725A1 - 一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法 - Google Patents
一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021012725A1 WO2021012725A1 PCT/CN2020/085061 CN2020085061W WO2021012725A1 WO 2021012725 A1 WO2021012725 A1 WO 2021012725A1 CN 2020085061 W CN2020085061 W CN 2020085061W WO 2021012725 A1 WO2021012725 A1 WO 2021012725A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
- F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
- F25B2341/0014—Ejectors with a high pressure hot primary flow from a compressor discharge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- F25B2400/23—Separators
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of refrigeration, in particular to a carbon dioxide refrigeration system and a refrigeration method thereof.
- Freon In the field of refrigeration, Freon is currently mostly used as a refrigerant at home and abroad, but Freon will destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere, resulting in a higher greenhouse effect. Due to the instability and high cost of ammonia (R717), it will also cause unsafe factors in the refrigeration system, so ammonia (R717) is not an economical and safe refrigerant. As the international community continues to pay more attention to energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection, the elimination of Freon refrigerants has also accelerated. As a safe and environmentally friendly refrigerant, carbon dioxide has broad application prospects and considerable economic value .
- the existing improvement methods are to adopt a two-stage carbon dioxide refrigeration system, a cascade refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as a low-temperature stage, and a refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
- these improvements can improve the energy efficiency performance of the carbon dioxide side refrigeration system to a certain extent, the system structure is complex, the cost is high, and it is difficult to debug and maintain.
- the overall refrigeration system efficiency is still very low; and in the cascade system and the carrier cooling system, it is still It is necessary to add other refrigerants (such as Freon) to maintain the normal operation of the system, which cannot make full use of the advantages of the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and is not conducive to environmental protection.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a carbon dioxide refrigeration system and a refrigeration method that has simple structure, convenient operation, low installation and maintenance costs, high refrigeration efficiency, and can adjust the temperature of carbon dioxide liquid.
- a carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a compressor, a condenser, an accumulator, and an evaporator that are connected in sequence; a suction component is arranged between the compressor and the condenser, and the suction component is connected with the accumulator or with the gas The liquid separator is connected, and the gas-liquid separator is set between the condenser and the accumulator. The carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator or the gas-liquid separator can be sucked back into the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser through the suction component .
- the suction assembly includes a first interface, a second interface, and a third interface.
- the first interface communicates with the compressor
- the second interface communicates with the condenser
- the third interface communicates with the accumulator or the gas-liquid interface.
- the separators are connected.
- the suction component is a venturi tube or a venturi group in which multiple venturi tubes are connected in parallel
- the gas-liquid separator is a float valve or a floating ball valve group in which multiple float valves are connected in series.
- the suction assembly includes a three-way valve and a negative pressure pump.
- the negative pressure pump is arranged on a pipe connecting the third interface with the accumulator or the gas-liquid separator.
- the negative pressure pump is in the accumulator or in the gas-liquid separator.
- the set negative pressure is generated in the separator.
- the condensing pressure in the condenser tube is lower than 120Kg/cm 2 , and a one-way valve is provided between the gas-liquid separator and the suction assembly.
- the venturi tube includes a constricted section, a throat and a divergent section that are sequentially connected.
- the float valve includes two ports at the bottom and one port at the top.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube and a first float valve, the first venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser, and the first float valve is arranged between the condenser and the accumulator On the pipeline, the throat interface of the first venturi is connected with the first float valve;
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube, a first float valve, a second venturi tube, and a second float valve
- the first venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser
- the first float valve and The second float valve is arranged in series on the pipeline between the condenser and the accumulator
- the throat interface of the first venturi is connected to the first float valve
- the second venturi is arranged between the first float valve and the condenser In between, the throat interface of the second venturi is connected to the second float valve;
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube, a first float valve, a second venturi tube, a second float valve, a third venturi tube, and a third float valve
- the first venturi tube is arranged in the compressor and the condenser In the pipeline between the first float valve, the second float valve and the third float valve in series between the condenser and the accumulator, the throat interface of the first venturi is connected to the first float valve, and the second
- the venturi tube is arranged between the first float valve and the condenser, the throat interface of the second venturi tube is connected to the second float valve;
- the third venturi tube is arranged between the first float valve and the second float valve, The throat interface of the third venturi is connected with the third float valve;
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube, a first float valve, a second venturi tube, a second float valve, and a third venturi tube
- the first venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser
- the first float valve and the second float valve are arranged in series between the condenser and the accumulator, the throat interface of the first venturi is connected with the first float valve, and the second venturi is arranged between the first float valve and the Between the condensers, the throat interface of the second venturi tube is connected to the second float valve;
- the third venturi tube is arranged between the first float valve and the second float valve, and the throat interface of the third venturi tube is connected to the Reservoir connection;
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a venturi tube and more than one float valve, the venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser, and more than one float valve is arranged in series between the condenser and the accumulator. In the pipeline, more than one float valve is all connected to the throat interface of a venturi.
- the condenser is a flash condenser.
- the flash condenser includes a shell, a negative pressure fan, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomization device.
- the negative pressure fan is arranged on the shell, and the negative pressure fan makes the inside of the shell A negative pressure environment is formed.
- the liquid atomization device and the heat exchange device are arranged in the shell.
- the liquid atomization device sprays the atomized liquid into the shell.
- the atomized liquid evaporates into steam under the negative pressure environment, and the heat exchange device
- the carbon dioxide medium inside is condensed and liquefied.
- the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized liquid in the casing; the pressure of the static pressure chamber in the casing is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20 Pa.
- the condensation pressure in the condenser tube is not higher than the critical pressure of carbon dioxide, which is 74Kg/cm 2 .
- a first static pressure cavity is formed between the negative pressure fan and the heat exchange device
- a second static pressure cavity is formed between the liquid atomization device and the heat exchange device
- the negative pressure fan causes a negative pressure to be formed in the second static pressure cavity.
- the liquid atomization device sprays the atomized liquid into the second static pressure chamber to evaporate the atomized liquid into steam.
- the flash condenser includes a pressure regulating device, the air inlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the shell, and the air outlet is arranged in the shell.
- the regulated air flow is sent into the shell through the pressure regulating device to promote the steam in the shell. Flow and form aerosol in the shell;
- the pressure regulating device is one or more fans, and the fans are arranged close to the liquid atomizing device;
- the pressure regulating device is a negative pressure fan connected to the shell through a steam circulation pipeline.
- the refrigeration system includes a four-way reversing valve
- the four-way reversing valve includes a valve body, the valve body is provided with a first outlet, a second outlet, a third outlet, and a fourth outlet, and a gas channel is provided inside the valve body, The gas passage connects the first outlet, the second outlet, the third outlet, and the fourth outlet.
- the valve body is provided with a first valve core assembly and a second valve core assembly.
- the first valve core assembly and the second valve core assembly can be installed in the valve body.
- the internal movement of the body realizes the conversion of the gas outlet communication relationship; the valve core assembly is moved by the pressure generated by the high-pressure power gas source.
- the valve core assembly includes a spring, a valve core, a screw, a valve tube, and a shaft sleeve.
- the two ends of the screw are respectively connected to the two valve cores, one end of the spring is connected to one of the valve cores, and the other end is connected to the spring fixing base,
- the valve tube is sleeved on the screw, and the side of the valve tube facing the outlet is an open structure.
- the opening structure allows gas to enter the inside of the four-way reversing valve.
- a shaft sleeve is provided on the valve core, and the shaft sleeve matches the valve tube. Combination of valve and tube can prevent carbon dioxide gas from passing through;
- the valve body is composed of an upper sealing plate and a lower sealing plate that cooperate with each other, and a valve cover is also arranged on the valve body.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first four-way reversing valve, a second four-way reversing valve, and a third four-way reversing valve.
- the four outlets of the first four-way reversing valve are respectively connected to the condenser through a gas pipeline.
- Export connection
- the first four-way reversing valve connects the compressor outlet with the condenser inlet, and connects the evaporator outlet with the compressor inlet;
- the second four-way reversing valve connects the condenser outlet with the air
- the inlet of the liquid separator is connected to the third four-way reversing valve;
- the third four-way reversing valve connects the outlet of the accumulator to the inlet of the evaporator and the second four-way reversing valve;
- the first four-way reversing valve connects the compressor outlet with the evaporator, and the condenser inlet with the compressor inlet; the second four-way reversing valve connects the condenser outlet with the third four-way The reversing valve is turned on to connect the third four-way reversing valve to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator; the third four-way reversing valve connects the outlet of the accumulator to the second four-way reversing valve, connecting the evaporator with The second four-way reversing valve is turned on.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system is used for air conditioning for adjusting indoor temperature, as a cold source for a cold storage, or for a quick-freezing storage.
- the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is connected to the carbon dioxide fire fighting pipeline, and the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is arranged below the frozen soil layer.
- an overflow differential pressure valve is provided between the condenser and the accumulator.
- the overflow differential pressure valve includes a differential pressure valve housing, a sealing gasket, a differential pressure valve inlet and a differential pressure valve outlet, and the differential pressure valve inlet and The outlet of the differential pressure valve of the condenser is connected, and the outlet of the differential pressure valve is connected with the accumulator; the sealing gasket is arranged in the cavity formed inside the shell of the differential pressure valve, and the inlet and outlet of the differential pressure valve are both connected to the differential pressure The cavity inside the valve housing is connected, and the sealing gasket can move in the pressure difference valve housing according to pressure changes to realize the communication or blocking of the pressure difference valve inlet and the pressure difference valve outlet.
- the overflow differential pressure valve further includes a differential pressure valve spring.
- One end of the differential pressure valve spring is connected with a sealing gasket, and the other end is fixed on the differential pressure valve housing.
- the shape of the sealing gasket is consistent with the cavity in the differential pressure valve housing. Matching the cross-sectional shape of the seal gasket can move back and forth with the compression or release of the differential pressure valve spring.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a low-pressure circulation barrel, the liquid outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel is communicated with the inlet end of the evaporator, the outlet end of the evaporator is communicated with the low-pressure circulation barrel, and the air outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel is communicated with the compressor .
- the present invention also provides a refrigeration method using carbon dioxide as a medium, including the following steps:
- the condensed carbon dioxide gas adopts a flash condensation method to achieve complete condensation and liquefaction of carbon dioxide in the flash condenser.
- the flash condensation method is to install a heat exchange device and liquid atomization in a closed shell
- the device is equipped with a negative pressure fan on the airtight shell, and the liquid is sprayed through the high-pressure liquid atomization device to form an atomized liquid with a large specific surface area, which is dispersed in the housing chamber of the shell; under the action of the radiant heat generated by the heat exchange device , And under the action of the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan, the small particles of the atomized liquid are dispersed and suspended in the gas medium to form an aerosol, so that the water molecules on the surface of the atomized liquid are separated from the body of the droplet, and converted into steam, taking away heat;
- step 2) the multi-stage cooling method is to set up multiple floating ball valves in series.
- the carbon dioxide liquid passes through the float valves in turn, and the floating ball valves are connected to the suction components. Part of the liquid carbon dioxide is vaporized under the action of suction to make the remaining The liquid is in a supercooled state, resulting in lower temperature liquid carbon dioxide.
- This setting can control the temperature of the required carbon dioxide liquid.
- the temperature in the condenser can be lower than the critical value of carbon dioxide, when the ambient temperature is higher than the critical value of carbon dioxide, part of the carbon dioxide liquid can also be liquefied, and the required carbon dioxide liquid can be obtained through the secondary cooling function of the suction component. If the flash condenser of the present invention is used, the influence of the external environment temperature and humidity can be overcome.
- the entire refrigeration system uses natural working fluid carbon dioxide as the only refrigerant, even if it leaks, it will not cause any damage to the ecological environment; because the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is low, only 31.06°C, the efficiency of the system during transcritical cycle is low, the present invention passes
- the installation of suction components and flash condensers can fully refrigerate the carbon dioxide and obtain the required degree of subcooling.
- the single-stage or multi-stage cooling system composed of the suction component and the gas-liquid separator can reduce the liquid carbon dioxide to the required temperature, and has a simple structure, convenient operation, and low installation and maintenance costs.
- the heat exchange device can achieve the cooling effect through radiation in a low temperature environment, and is not affected by the temperature and The influence of humidity can be adapted to use in more areas with different environments; in a negative pressure environment, the small particles of the atomized liquid are dispersed and suspended in the gas medium to form a colloidal dispersion system, forming an aerosol, because the dispersion medium of the aerosol is a gas , The viscosity of the gas is small, the density difference between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium is very large, the particles are very easy to stick when they collide, and the liquid particles are volatilized, so that the aerosol has its unique regularity.
- Aerosol particles have a relatively large specific surface and surface energy, which can make the liquefied liquid evaporate quickly and improve the cooling effect.
- the atomized liquid produced by the liquid atomization device flashes quickly in the negative pressure environment of the containing chamber, and the liquid mist is transformed into vapor, absorbs heat, and reduces the ambient temperature in the housing.
- the vapor flashed by the atomized liquid can be discharged out of the shell through a negative pressure fan.
- the atomized liquid in the containing chamber evaporates into steam continuously, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged out of the shell through the negative pressure fan to complete the refrigeration .
- the substance can be cooled and cooled down.
- the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention Since there is no need for convective heat exchange with the external environment during the refrigeration process, the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention has a small installed capacity and a small area occupied by the entire equipment, which is convenient for installation and saves space;
- the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention realizes refrigeration completely through the vaporization of the atomized liquid.
- the process of changing the liquid from liquid to gaseous state can release cold refrigeration, and at the same time, the temperature of the steam discharged from the equipment will not increase, so In the refrigeration process, no heat is actually discharged into the atmosphere, and no heat island effect occurs. Not only is the refrigeration efficiency high, but the refrigeration effect is stable and reliable.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of suction component (Venturi).
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second type of suction component (three-way valve and negative pressure pump).
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of three parallel suction components (Venturi tube group).
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary cooling component.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary cooling component.
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-stage cooling module structure.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a secondary cooling component of another connection structure.
- Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first scheme of the flash condenser.
- Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the second scheme of the flash condenser.
- Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third scheme of the flash condenser.
- Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a high-pressure four-way reversing valve.
- Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-pressure four-way reversing valve.
- Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a four-way reversing valve in heating mode.
- Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a four-way reversing valve in cooling mode.
- Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention in the refrigeration mode.
- Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention in heating mode.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cooling component of another connection structure.
- Figure 19 is a schematic view of the structure in which the suction assembly is directly connected to the reservoir.
- Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a carbon dioxide refrigeration system with an overflow differential pressure valve according to the present invention.
- Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a carbon dioxide refrigeration system including an overflow differential pressure valve and a venturi tube according to the present invention.
- Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overflow differential pressure valve.
- Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a carbon dioxide refrigeration system containing a low-pressure circulation barrel of the present invention.
- the second valve 350, upper
- a carbon dioxide refrigeration system provided by this embodiment includes a compressor 10, a condenser 11, a liquid accumulator 12, and an evaporator 13, which are sequentially connected.
- the carbon dioxide gas discharged from the compressor 10 enters the condenser After 11, it is condensed into liquid and stored in the accumulator 12.
- the carbon dioxide liquid is evaporated and refrigerated in the evaporator 13 and then flows back to the compressor 10 for repeated use to realize the cycle of carbon dioxide; a pumping system is arranged between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11.
- the suction component 15, the suction component 15 is connected to the reservoir 12 (shown in Figure 19) or connected to the gas-liquid separator 14 (shown in Figure 1), the gas-liquid separator 14 is arranged in the condenser 11 and the liquid storage Between the condensers 12, the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14 can be drawn back into the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11 through the suction assembly 15, and then enters the condenser 11 to continue condensation.
- the gas-liquid separator 14 can pass liquid, but cannot pass gas.
- the suction assembly 15 is arranged between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the carbon dioxide gas stored in the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14 can be extracted and sent back to the condenser 11 for another Condensation to increase the amount of condensation of carbon dioxide gas; another effect is that the suction component 15 can also flash part of the liquid.
- the flashed carbon dioxide can take away a part of the heat, and can continue to reduce the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide, so that the liquid carbon dioxide is in excess Cold state. Because of the re-cooling function, this configuration reduces the impact on the system after the efficiency of the condenser 11 is reduced when the external temperature and humidity are too high, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the system.
- the temperature in the condenser can be lower than the critical value of carbon dioxide, when the ambient temperature is higher than the critical value of carbon dioxide, part of the carbon dioxide liquid can also be liquefied, and the required carbon dioxide liquid can be obtained through the secondary cooling function of the suction component. If the flash condenser of the present invention is used, the influence of the external environment temperature and humidity can be overcome.
- the compressor 10 continuously extracts the carbon dioxide gas in the evaporator 13 to maintain the environment in the evaporator 13 at a low temperature and low pressure to promote the continuous gasification and refrigeration of liquid carbon dioxide.
- the compressor 10 The carbon dioxide gas is compressed to greatly increase the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide gas, so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency with the condenser 11; the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the condenser 11, and is cooled in the condenser 11, and part of the gas is Carbon dioxide is condensed into liquid, forming a low-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid mixture of carbon dioxide.
- the carbon dioxide gas-liquid mixture enters the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14 and completes the gas-liquid separation in the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14.
- the suction assembly 15 includes a first interface 150, a second interface 151, and a third interface 152.
- the first interface 150 communicates with the compressor 10, and the second interface 151 communicates with the condenser 11.
- the third interface 152 is in communication with the accumulator 12 or in communication with the gas-liquid separator 14.
- the first interface 150 and the second interface 151 are used to connect the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the third interface 152 enables the suction assembly 15 to draw back the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the float valve, and then flow into the condenser Cool down in 11.
- the suction assembly 15 is a venturi tube or a venturi tube group in which multiple venturi tubes are connected in parallel.
- the venturi tube includes a constricted section 153, a throat 154, and a diffuser connected in sequence.
- the first interface 150 of the suction assembly 15 is arranged in communication with the contraction section 153
- the second interface 151 is arranged in communication with the diffusion section 155
- the third interface 152 is arranged in communication with the throat 154.
- the compressor 10 in the refrigeration system can also include one compressor 10 or two or more compressor groups connected in parallel;
- the evaporator 13 can also be one evaporator 13 or two or more evaporator groups 13; it can be set according to actual needs.
- a solenoid valve 16 is provided between the suction assembly 15 and the compressor 10, and a check valve 18 is provided between the suction assembly 15 and the gas-liquid separator 14.
- the venturi tube is a hollow short cylindrical shape
- the constricted section 153 is a hollow tapered tube, which is a structure that gradually shrinks and narrows;
- a throat 154 is connected to the back of the constricted section 153
- the throat 154 is a hollow and thin cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the throat 154 is smaller than the diameter of the entrance section;
- the rear of the throat 154 is connected with a diffusion section 155, which is a hollow cone-shaped tube connected to the throat 154 One end is narrower, and the end away from the throat 154 gradually expands and thickens.
- a third interface 152 for suction is provided at the throat 154 of the venturi.
- the third interface 152 communicates with the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12.
- the venturi can automatically The carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 is sucked, and the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 enters the condenser 11 again for secondary condensation, so as to be converted into more carbon dioxide liquid and stored in the accumulator 12.
- the Venturi tube is an application form based on the Venturi effect.
- the Venturi effect means that when the restricted flow passes through a reduced cross-section, the flow rate of the fluid increases, and the flow rate is inversely proportional to the cross-section. In layman's terms, this effect means that low pressure will be generated near the fluid flowing at high speed, resulting in adsorption.
- the Venturi tube accelerates the gas flow rate by changing the gas flow from coarse to finer; low pressure is generated near the high-speed gas, which will create a negative pressure environment inside the venturi tube, which will cause a certain adsorption of the connected external environment effect.
- the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 passes through the venturi tube before entering the condenser 11.
- the carbon dioxide gas first enters the inlet section from the air inlet of the venturi tube.
- the constricted section 153 As the diameter of the pipe gradually becomes smaller, the gas flow changes from thick to thin, so the gas flow speed gradually increases.
- the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas reaches the highest when it enters the throat 154.
- due to the Venturi effect a low pressure is generated near the carbon dioxide gas in the throat 154, causing a negative pressure environment in the throat 154.
- the throat 154 is connected to the space where the carbon dioxide gas is stored in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12, and the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 will be sucked to the venturi under the adsorption action of the negative pressure environment in the throat 154
- the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 enters the diffusion section 155 of the venturi tube to reduce the gas flow rate. Since the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 continuously passes through the venturi tube, the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 also continuously flows into the venturi tube, and enters the condenser 11 together with the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 Condensation during heat exchange.
- venturi does not need to provide additional power during the working process, that is, without adding power components such as a motor, and it can achieve cyclic operation completely relying on the physical properties of carbon dioxide.
- Carbon dioxide itself has the characteristics of high critical pressure (higher pressure when in a gaseous state) and low critical temperature (easier to maintain a gaseous state at a lower temperature).
- high critical pressure high pressure when in a gaseous state
- low critical temperature easier to maintain a gaseous state at a lower temperature.
- carbon dioxide refrigerant in the venturi tube The higher the flow rate and the lower the resulting low pressure make the negative pressure environment in the venturi tube have a stronger adsorption effect. Therefore, the physical properties of the carbon dioxide refrigerant can maintain and promote the rapid and efficient operation of the suction assembly 15.
- the carbon dioxide gas in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12 can continuously and repeatedly enter the condenser 11 for heat exchange and condensation, so as to increase the liquefaction of the carbon dioxide refrigerant and make the gas-liquid More liquid carbon dioxide is obtained from the separator 14 or the accumulator 12, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigeration system.
- the flash carbon dioxide gas in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12 is a low-temperature gas (about 13°C)
- the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas about 90°C
- It will reduce the temperature of the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas, that is, before the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas enters the condenser 11 to be condensed, it is cooled down once, and the cooled gas enters the condenser 11 for cooling, which can improve the condenser 11
- the condensation efficiency further promotes the condensation and liquefaction of carbon dioxide gas.
- the suction assembly 15 composed of a venturi tube enables the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention to have the following advantages:
- the gaseous carbon dioxide in the accumulator 12 is repeatedly condensed without increasing the power components and without affecting the efficiency of the compressor 10 to improve the cooling efficiency of the system;
- the suction assembly 15 includes a three-way valve and a negative pressure pump 156.
- the negative pressure pump 156 is disposed at the third interface 152 and communicates with the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14. In the pipeline, the negative pressure pump 156 generates a set negative pressure in the accumulator 12 or in the gas-liquid separator 14.
- the negative pressure pump 156 selects a small adjustable negative pressure pump 156, which can adjust the pressure to pump out gaseous carbon dioxide, and the set negative pressure value can flash the liquid carbon dioxide, so that the subcooling degree of the liquid carbon dioxide can be accurately adjusted.
- the condensing pressure in the condenser tube is greater than 30Kg/cm2 and less than 120Kg/cm2.
- a check valve 18 is provided between the gas-liquid separator 14 and the suction assembly 15.
- the condensing pressure in the condenser 11 needs to be kept within a proper range (usually lower than 120Kg/cm2, higher than the evaporating pressure 30-40Kg/cm2), the condensing pressure is too high, it will affect the safe operation of the system, the condensing pressure is too high Low, will affect the normal operation of the system.
- the one-way valve 18 can keep the condensing pressure within a proper range and ensure the normal operation of the system.
- the gas-liquid separator 14 is a float valve or a float valve group in which multiple float valves are connected in series.
- the float valve can pass carbon dioxide liquid, but carbon dioxide gas cannot pass through, achieving the purpose of gas-liquid separation.
- the float valve includes two ports at the bottom and one port at the top. The two ports at the bottom are connected to the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12 respectively; the one port at the top is connected to the suction assembly 15. This arrangement makes the gas-liquid two-phase liquid separate inside the float valve cavity, and the temperature of the gas-liquid two-phase is uniform.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube 20 and a first float valve 23.
- the first venturi tube 20 is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the first float valve 23 is arranged On the pipeline between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12, the throat 154 of the first venturi tube 20 is connected to a float valve.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube 20, a first float valve 23, a second venturi tube 21, and a second float valve 24.
- the first venturi tube 20 is arranged in the compressor 10 and the condenser On the pipeline between 11, the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24 are arranged in series on the pipeline between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12, and the throat 154 interface of the first venturi 20 is connected to the first float
- the ball valve 23 is connected, the second Venturi tube 21 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the condenser 11, and the throat 154 interface of the second Venturi tube 21 is connected to the second float valve 24.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube 20, a first float valve 23, a second venturi tube 21, a second float valve 24, a third venturi tube 22, a third float valve 25,
- a venturi tube 20 is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the first float valve 23, the second float valve 24 and the third float valve 25 are arranged in series between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12 ,
- the throat 154 interface of the first venturi tube 20 is connected to the first float valve 23, the second venturi tube 21 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the condenser 11, and the throat 154 of the second venturi tube 21
- the interface is connected with the second float valve 24;
- the third venturi tube 22 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24, and the throat 154 interface of the third venturi tube 22 is connected with the third float valve 25.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first Venturi tube 20, a first float valve 23, a second Venturi tube 21, a second float valve 24, and a third Venturi tube 22.
- the first Venturi tube 20 is provided On the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24 are arranged in series between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12, and the throat 154 of the first venturi 20 is connected Connected with the first float valve 23, the second venturi tube 21 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the condenser 11, the throat 154 interface of the second venturi tube 21 is connected with the second float valve 24; the third venturi The inner tube 22 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24, and the throat 154 interface of the third venturi tube 22 is connected to the reservoir 12.
- a regulating expansion valve 17 is provided between the liquid storage tank and the evaporator 13.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a venturi tube and more than one float valve.
- the venturi tube set is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and more than one float valve is connected in series in the condenser On the pipeline between the device 11 and the reservoir 12, more than one float valve is all connected to the throat 154 interface of a venturi.
- the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is connected to the carbon dioxide fire-fighting pipeline, and the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is arranged below the frozen soil layer.
- the liquid carbon dioxide in the refrigeration system is used as a fire-fighting medium to reduce the cost of fire-fighting construction; the constant temperature below the ground frozen soil layer is generally about 15°C, which is lower than the critical temperature of carbon dioxide, 31.06°C. This can ensure that the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the storage tank is 15°C, keeping carbon dioxide in a constant temperature liquid state, low storage cost. Carbon dioxide is used to extinguish fires and will not cause secondary damage to objects. It has natural advantages.
- the storage tank of the same volume has a lot more liquid storage than gas storage and a larger fire extinguishing area.
- This embodiment also provides a refrigeration method using carbon dioxide as a medium, including the following steps:
- the compressor 10 compresses the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the evaporator 13 into the condenser 11 for cooling to obtain a carbon dioxide gas-liquid mixture or supercritical fluid.
- the cooled gas-liquid mixture or supercritical fluid is subjected to gas-liquid separation and cooling; the carbon dioxide gas mixed in the carbon dioxide liquid is pumped away through the suction component 15, and part of the carbon dioxide liquid is flashed through the suction component 15 to perform more Stage cooling to make the liquid carbon dioxide in a super-cooled state or make the supercritical fluid into a liquid; the method of multi-stage cooling is to set up multiple floating ball valves in series, and the carbon dioxide liquid passes through the float valves in turn, and the float valves are connected to the suction assembly 15 respectively. , The temperature is gradually reduced under the action of suction. This setting can control the temperature of the required carbon dioxide liquid.
- Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the condenser of this embodiment is clearly a flash condenser, and the system form and flow are the same as the example in Embodiment 1.
- the condenser of this embodiment is clearly a flash condenser, and the system form and flow are the same as the example in Embodiment 1.
- the refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as the cooling medium due to the low critical point of carbon dioxide, it is currently impossible to solve the problem that the gaseous carbon dioxide cannot be liquefied when the external temperature is too high. There have always been prejudices in the field.
- the refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as the medium cannot be used in large-scale plants. Range refrigeration cannot be widely used.
- the applicant of the present invention has been studying refrigeration systems using carbon dioxide as the refrigeration medium.
- the first generation of ground-source condensing technology has been developed, which has been widely used.
- Condensation technology solves the technical problem of condensing carbon dioxide medium for refrigeration, so that the condensation pressure of carbon dioxide is not higher than its critical pressure and is completely condensed and liquefied.
- the condensation temperature is far below its critical The temperature is 31°C.
- This embodiment also provides a refrigeration method based on a flash condenser using carbon dioxide as a medium, including the following steps:
- the compressor 10 compresses the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the evaporator 13 into the condenser 11 to condense the carbon dioxide liquid; the condensed carbon dioxide gas adopts a flash condensation method, and the flash condensation method is to install a heat exchange device and a closed shell
- the liquid atomization device is equipped with a negative pressure fan on the closed shell, and the liquid is sprayed through the high-pressure liquid atomization device to form an atomized liquid with a large specific surface area, which is dispersed in the housing chamber of the shell; radiant heat generated by the heat exchange device
- the small particles of the atomized liquid are dispersed and suspended in the gas medium to form an aerosol under the action of the negative pressure and the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan, so that the water molecules on the surface of the atomized liquid are separated from the body of the droplet and transformed into steam. Take the heat.
- Many tests and applications show that the flash condenser of this embodiment can completely liquefy carbon dioxide.
- the fully condensed carbon dioxide liquid is supercooled and cooled; part of the liquid in the gas-liquid separator is absorbed and vaporized by the suction component 15, and then the remaining carbon dioxide liquid is cooled.
- the liquid carbon dioxide It is in a supercooled state; the multi-stage cooling method is to set a plurality of floating ball valves connected in series. The carbon dioxide liquid passes through the floating ball valves in sequence, and the floating ball valves are connected to the suction assembly 15 respectively, and the temperature is sequentially lowered under the action of suction. This setting can control the temperature of the required carbon dioxide liquid.
- the condenser 11 is a flash condenser.
- the flash condenser includes a shell 27, a negative pressure fan 26, a heat exchange device 28 and a liquid atomization device 29.
- the negative pressure fan 26 is provided On the housing 27, the negative pressure fan 26 creates a negative pressure environment inside the housing 27, the liquid atomizing device 29 and the heat exchange device 28 are arranged in the housing 27, and the liquid atomizing device 29 sprays the atomized liquid to Inside the shell 27, the atomized liquid evaporates into steam under a negative pressure environment, and the carbon dioxide medium in the heat exchange device 28 is completely condensed and liquefied.
- the heat exchange device 28 is preferably a finned condenser tube, and the condenser tubes are layered and intersected and arranged at a certain inclined angle.
- the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan 26 is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized liquid in the housing 27.
- the steam in the shell 27 can be fully discharged to improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized liquid, and on the other hand, the negative pressure environment in the shell 27 can be maintained.
- the pressure of the static pressure chamber in the housing 27 is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20 Pa.
- the condensation pressure in the condenser tube is not higher than the critical pressure of carbon dioxide, which is 74Kg/cm 2 .
- a first static pressure cavity 30 is formed between the negative pressure fan 26 and the heat exchange device 28, and a second static pressure cavity 31 is formed between the liquid atomization device 29 and the heat exchange device 28.
- the negative pressure fan 26 creates a negative pressure environment in the second static pressure chamber 31, and the liquid atomization device 29 sprays the atomized liquid into the second static pressure chamber 31 to evaporate the atomized liquid into steam.
- the flash condenser includes a pressure regulating device 32.
- the air inlet of the pressure regulating device 32 is arranged outside the housing 27, and the air outlet is arranged in the housing 27.
- the air flow can be adjusted by the pressure regulating device 32. It is sent into the shell 27 to promote the flow of steam in the shell 27 and form aerosol in the shell 27.
- the pressure regulating device 32 may also be one or more fans.
- the fans are arranged close to the liquid atomizing device 29. The rotation of the fans can promote the flow of steam and atomized liquid in the housing 27.
- the negative pressure fan 26 is connected to the housing 27 through the steam circulation pipe 34. Part of the steam is reused. The introduced part of the steam replaces a small amount of outside wind as a dispersion medium to suspend the atomized droplets (dispersed phase) to form an aerosol environment.
- This example proves that the flash condenser can still be used without introducing outside wind. Operation, which completely eliminates the influence of external ambient temperature and humidity on the flash condenser.
- the liquid atomizing device 29 includes a liquid supply pipe, which is provided at the bottom of the housing 27, communicates with a liquid tank or a liquid pipe outside the housing 27, and continuously supplies liquid into the housing 27; It can be a single linear pipeline, two or more pipelines arranged side by side, or a single pipeline is arranged in a disk shape.
- a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are scattered on the liquid supply pipe, and the liquid in the liquid supply pipe can be sprayed through the high-pressure atomizing nozzle to form a mist-like atomized liquid, which is dispersed in the containing chamber.
- the high-pressure atomizing nozzle can also be replaced with an ultrasonic atomizer to form an atomized liquid.
- the high-pressure atomization nozzles are all set toward the direction where the heat exchange device 28 is located, so that the atomized water can be sprayed to the heat exchange device 28 better.
- the high-pressure atomizing nozzle can also be replaced with an ultrasonic atomizer to form atomized water.
- the liquid in the present invention preferentially uses water, which is economical and cost-effective.
- the following uses water as an example for description.
- the liquid atomization device 29 includes a water replenishing device 33, preferably a softened water replenishing device, which can remove calcium, magnesium and other inorganic salt substances.
- the water is processed by the softened water replenishing device so that no external impurities enter, and the condensation tube is avoided to the greatest extent. Scale, increasing the service life of the condenser tube.
- the liquid atomization device 29 atomizes each drop of water into about 1/500 of the original water droplet volume, forming a micron or nanometer water mist, so that the contact area with the air is enlarged, and the evaporation speed is accelerated by more than 300 times; refined droplets
- the heat absorbed from liquid to gas is about 540 times the heat absorbed by water at 1°C, which can absorb a large amount of heat and greatly enhance the heat exchange effect.
- the housing 27 is in a closed state, and the environment in the housing 27 can be maintained in a stable low temperature state, and the temperature is lower than the critical temperature of carbon dioxide liquefaction.
- the basic cooling principle of a flash-type enclosed condenser is: in a closed environment, it promotes the evaporation of water from liquid to gas, releasing cold energy.
- the main factors that promote water evaporation are: 1) the larger the surface area of the water, the more conducive to the evaporation of water; 2) the greater the negative pressure of the environment, the easier it is for water molecules to separate from each other to form steam; 3) The higher the temperature, the faster the evaporation of water.
- the water atomization device is used to atomize the water into small droplets.
- the surface area of the droplet-like water is greatly increased, which can accelerate the evaporation.
- the droplet-like water movement is active and can float around in the housing 27 to accelerate Heat transfer and evaporation.
- the housing 27 cooperates with the negative pressure fan 26, so that the second static pressure chamber 31 and the first static pressure chamber 30 in the housing 27 always maintain a negative pressure environment, so that the pressure in the second static pressure chamber 31 is low
- the ambient atmospheric pressure here refers to the atmospheric pressure of the working environment where the flash-type closed condenser is located.
- the carbon dioxide refrigerant flowing into the condenser 11 will absorb the cold energy in the shell 27 and release heat to complete the heat exchange. At this time, the condenser 11 will generate radiant heat. Therefore, when the mist is close to the condenser 11, it will radiate The heat accelerates the evaporation, and further absorbs the heat of the carbon dioxide refrigerant to cool it down.
- the small mist droplets that are not completely evaporated into steam pass through the condenser 11, they can also exchange heat by directly contacting the condenser 11, so as to achieve the effect of auxiliary cooling and cooling. Since the volume of the water atomized into droplets becomes smaller, it is easier to move around, which speeds up the fluidity of the droplets and can quickly complete heat exchange with the condenser 11; and the small-volume droplets are in direct contact with the heat exchange process Most of the heat absorption is evaporated into steam, which greatly improves the refrigeration efficiency.
- the shell 27 used in the flash-type closed condenser is closed.
- the shell 27 is used to prevent outdoor wind from entering the shell 27 and prevent Excessive outdoor wind enters the casing 27, which affects the evaporation of the atomized water in the casing 27.
- the existing air-cooled heat exchanger is just the opposite.
- the air-cooled heat exchanger realizes heat exchange and refrigeration through the air flowing through the condenser 11 in the air-cooled heat exchanger. Therefore, the greater the air volume entering the equipment housing 27, the air-cooled heat exchange The better the cooling effect is.
- the above-mentioned housing 27 is not equivalent to a completely sealed housing 27.
- the negative pressure fan When the air is exhausted to the outside, the air in the external environment may enter the housing 27 through the gap. This small amount of air intake will not affect the overall negative pressure environment in the housing 27.
- the speed of the negative pressure fan 26 or the pressure regulating device 32 the negative pressure environment in the housing 27 can be kept at a relatively stable pressure value. Therefore, it will not affect the evaporation effect of the atomized water, that is, it will not affect the refrigeration effect of the flash-type enclosed condenser.
- the flash-type enclosed condenser promotes the evaporation of atomized water in a closed negative pressure environment, reduces the overall temperature in the shell 27 to reach the liquefaction critical temperature of carbon dioxide, promotes the liquefaction of carbon dioxide gas, and improves the refrigeration efficiency of the system .
- the flash condenser solution shown in FIG. 9 includes a shell 27, which is rectangular in shape, surrounded by a plate structure, and a containing chamber is formed inside.
- the bottom of the accommodating chamber is provided with a water atomization device
- the top of the accommodating chamber is provided with a negative pressure fan 26
- the middle of the accommodating chamber is provided with a heat exchange device 28.
- the heat exchange device 28 is located in the water atomization device and the negative pressure fan 26. between.
- the heat exchange device 28 is a coil type condenser tube, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is cooled and condensed through the coil type condenser tube.
- a second static pressure chamber 31 is formed between the heat exchange device 28 and the water atomization device, and a first static pressure chamber 30 is formed between the heat exchange device 28 and the negative pressure fan 26.
- the negative pressure fan 26 continues to push the inside of the housing 27 The gas is discharged out of the housing 27, so that the second static pressure chamber 31 and the first static pressure chamber 30 form a uniform and stable negative pressure environment.
- the water atomization device sprays the generated atomized water into the second static pressure chamber 31.
- the atomized water quickly evaporates in the negative pressure environment of the second static pressure chamber 31, and the water mist phase changes to steam, which absorbs heat and causes
- the ambient temperature in the casing 27 decreases; the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the heat exchange device 28 absorbs cold energy when passing through the low-temperature environment in the casing 27, thereby reducing the temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant.
- the vapor evaporated in the second static pressure chamber 31 will pass through the heat exchange device 28 into the first static pressure chamber 30, and then exit the shell through the negative pressure fan 26 Body 27 outside.
- the atomized water in the second static pressure cavity 31 continuously evaporates into steam, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged out of the housing 27 through the negative pressure fan 26 to complete cooling.
- the pressure regulating device 32 can promote the flow of steam and atomized water in the housing 27.
- the pressure regulating device 32 includes a slender pipe, which is arranged close to the water atomization device; the first end of the pipe is a closed end, and the first end extends into the second static pressure chamber 31, and the second The end is an open end, and the second end is located outside the housing 27; the part of the pipe fitting in the second static pressure chamber 31 has a plurality of air outlets scattered on the pipe wall.
- a sealing cover is provided at the open end of the second end of the pipe fitting.
- the air can be blocked by the sealing cover and the pressure regulating device 32 can be closed;
- the sealing degree of the sealing cover By adjusting the sealing degree of the sealing cover, the amount of air entering can be controlled, and then the degree of flow of atomized water and steam in the second static pressure chamber 31 can be adjusted.
- the shell 27 needs to prevent natural wind from entering the shell 27, which does not conflict with the pressure regulating device 32.
- the pressure regulating device 32 can make the external natural wind enter the shell 27, the air volume that can enter is very small, which is similar to the natural wind that enters through the gap between the plate of the shell 27 and the plate.
- the purpose of setting the pressure regulating device 32 is to promote the flow of atomized water and steam after the water has evaporated through the movement of the micro airflow, on the one hand, to speed up the steam from the second static pressure chamber 31 Movement to the first static pressure chamber 30 promotes the discharge of steam, and on the one hand promotes the evaporation of atomized water.
- the small amount of natural air entering the housing 27 through the pressure regulating device 32 cannot achieve the effect of cooling the condenser 11 by itself, which is essentially different from the existing air-cooled heat exchanger.
- the heat exchange device 28 can achieve a cooling effect through radiation in a low temperature environment, and is not affected by the temperature and The influence of humidity can adapt to more areas with different environments;
- the small particles of atomized water are dispersed and suspended in a gas medium to form a colloidal dispersion system to form an aerosol.
- the dispersion medium of the aerosol is a gas
- the viscosity of the gas is small, and the density of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium is different Large, the particles are easy to bond when they collide and the liquid particles evaporate, giving the aerosol its unique regularity. Aerosol particles have a relatively large specific surface and surface energy, which can quickly evaporate liquefied water and enhance the cooling effect.
- the atomized water generated by the water atomization device flashes quickly in the negative pressure environment of the containing chamber, and the water mist is transformed into steam, which absorbs heat and reduces the ambient temperature in the housing 27.
- the steam flashed by the atomized water can be discharged out of the shell 27 through the negative pressure fan 26, so that the atomized water in the containing chamber continuously evaporates into steam, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged from the shell through the negative pressure fan 26 27 to complete the refrigeration.
- the substance can be cooled, lowered in temperature, and the like.
- the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention has a small installed capacity and a small area occupied by the entire equipment, which is convenient for installation and saves space;
- the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention achieves refrigeration completely through the evaporation of atomized water.
- the process of water changing from liquid to gas can release cold refrigeration, and at the same time, the temperature of the steam discharged from the equipment will not rise, so In the refrigeration process, no heat is actually discharged into the atmosphere, and no heat island effect is generated. Not only the refrigeration efficiency is high, but the refrigeration effect is stable and reliable.
- Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 The content of this embodiment includes the technical solutions of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. On the basis of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, in order to realize the use of carbon dioxide medium for refrigeration, it can also be switched to by a four-way reversing valve.
- the carbon dioxide cooling and heating system includes a first four-way reversing valve 35, a second four-way reversing valve 36, a third four-way reversing valve 37, the first four-way
- the four outlets of the reversing valve 35 are respectively connected to the inlet of the condenser 11, the inlet of the compressor 10, the outlet of the compressor 10, and the outlet of the evaporator 13 through gas pipes; two of the outlets of the second four-way reversing valve 36 respectively pass gas
- the pipe is connected to the outlet of the condenser 11 and the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 14 (or the inlet of the accumulator 12), and the other two outlets are respectively connected to the two outlets of the third four-way reversing valve 37;
- the third four-way reversing valve Two outlets of 37 are respectively connected to the outlet of the accumulator 12 and the inlet of the evaporator 13, and the other two outlets are respectively connected to the two outlets of the second four-way reversing valve
- Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the direction of carbon dioxide in the refrigeration mode.
- the first four-way reversing valve 35 conducts the outlet of the compressor 10 and the inlet of the condenser 11, and the outlet of the evaporator 13 and the inlet of the compressor 10
- the second four-way reversing valve 36 connects the outlet of the condenser 11 with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 14 (or the inlet of the accumulator 12), and the other two outlets are connected to the third four-way reversing valve 37;
- third The four-way reversing valve 37 connects the outlet of the accumulator 12 with the inlet of the evaporator 13 and the other two outlets are connected to the second four-way reversing valve 36.
- the first four-way reversing valve 35 conducts the outlet of the compressor 10 and the evaporator 13, and connects the inlet of the condenser 11 to the inlet of the compressor 10 Conduction;
- the second four-way reversing valve 36 conducts the condenser 11 outlet and the third four-way reversing valve 37, and the third four-way reversing valve 37 and the gas-liquid separator 14 inlet (or the reservoir 12 Inlet) conduction;
- the third four-way reversing valve 37 conducts the outlet of the accumulator 12 with the second four-way reversing valve 36, and conducts the evaporator 13 and the second four-way reversing valve 36.
- the four-way reversing valve includes a valve body.
- the valve body is provided with a first outlet 352, a second outlet 353, a third outlet 354, and a fourth outlet 355, and a gas channel is provided inside the valve body.
- the gas channel connects the first outlet 352, the second outlet 353, the third outlet 354, and the fourth outlet 355.
- the valve body is composed of an upper sealing plate 350 and a lower sealing plate 351 that cooperate with each other to facilitate assembly and maintenance.
- the valve body is also provided with a valve cover 364, which can be opened to observe the inside of the four-way valve.
- the valve body is provided with a first valve core component 356 and a second valve core component 357.
- the first valve core component 356 and the second valve core component 357 can move inside the valve body to realize the conversion of the gas outlet communication relationship; the base 358 is fixed by a spring
- the spool assembly can be moved.
- the valve core assembly includes a spring 359, a valve core 360, a screw 361, a valve tube 362, and a sleeve 363.
- the two ends of the screw 361 are respectively connected to two valve cores 360.
- One end of the spring 359 is connected to one of the valve cores 360, and the other end Connected to the spring fixing base 358, the valve tube 362 is sleeved on the screw 361.
- the side of the valve tube 362 facing the outlet has an open structure.
- the open structure allows gas to enter the inside of the four-way reversing valve.
- the valve core 360 is provided with a shaft sleeve 363 ,
- the shaft sleeve 363 is matched with the valve tube 362, and the combination of the shaft sleeve 363 and the valve tube 362 can prevent carbon dioxide gas from passing through and play a sealing role.
- the valve body includes a power gas source inlet 365, which is connected to a high-pressure power gas source (not shown), and the valve core assembly is pushed to move through the gas pressure change and the spring to cooperate to realize the conversion of the gas outlet communication relationship .
- the switching of cooling and heating functions is realized by the on and off of the high-pressure gas power source.
- the high-pressure gas power is a small branch gas drawn from the outlet of the compressor.
- the small branch air pipe is equipped with a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is divided into two ways to connect.
- the power air source inlet 365 at the sealing plate 350. As shown in FIG. 14, heating is achieved when the first valve core assembly 356 is drawn to the left and the second valve core assembly 357 is drawn to the right.
- the solenoid valve installed in the small branch air pipe is electrically opened.
- the first spool assembly 356 is drawn to the right and the second spool assembly 357 is drawn to the left. Cooling is achieved when it is The whole switching process is simple and reliable.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system is used to adjust the indoor temperature of the air conditioner, the cold source of the cold storage or the quick-freezing storage.
- this embodiment provides a single-stage carbon dioxide refrigeration system including an overflow differential pressure valve, including an evaporator 13, a compressor 10, and a condenser 11 connected in sequence.
- an overflow differential pressure valve including an evaporator 13, a compressor 10, and a condenser 11 connected in sequence.
- an overflow differential pressure valve 38 is provided in between.
- the overflow differential pressure valve 38 includes a differential pressure valve housing 382, a sealing gasket 380, a differential pressure valve inlet 383 and a differential pressure valve outlet 384, and the differential pressure valve inlet 383 is connected to the outlet of the condenser 11, and the differential pressure valve outlet 384 is connected to the accumulator 12;
- the sealing gasket 380 is arranged in the cavity formed inside the differential pressure valve housing 382, the differential pressure valve inlet 383 and the differential pressure valve
- the outlets 384 are all connected to the cavity inside the differential pressure valve housing 382, and the sealing gasket 380 can move in the differential pressure valve housing 382 according to pressure changes to realize the communication or resistance between the differential pressure valve inlet 383 and the differential pressure valve outlet 384.
- the overflow differential pressure valve 38 also includes a differential pressure valve spring 381.
- One end of the differential pressure valve spring 381 is connected to the sealing gasket 380, and the other end is fixed on the differential pressure valve housing 382.
- the shape and pressure of the sealing gasket 380 are The cross-sectional shape of the cavity in the differential valve housing 382 matches, and the sealing gasket 380 can move back and forth with the compression or release of the differential pressure valve spring 381.
- the relative position of the sealing gasket 380 and the differential pressure valve spring 381 determines the magnitude of the differential pressure of the carbon dioxide liquid coming out of the condenser 11. When the pressure difference changes, the balance of the force of the pressure difference valve spring 381 is broken, thereby driving the sealing gasket 380 to move, and the controlled differential pressure can be controlled to a set value.
- the sealing gasket 380 and the differential pressure valve spring 381 in the overflow differential pressure valve 38 are affected by The resistance of the differential pressure valve is small, and the differential pressure valve spring 381 is released, so that the sealing gasket 380 is located between the differential pressure valve inlet 383 and the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38, that is, the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is in a closed state.
- the overflow differential pressure valve 38 When the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is closed, the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the condenser 11 cannot be discharged through the overflow differential pressure valve 38, which will increase the pressure in the condenser 11 to increase the condensing pressure in the condenser 11.
- the pressure received by the sealing gasket 380 and the differential pressure valve spring 381 in the overflow differential pressure valve 38 will gradually increase, and the differential pressure valve spring 381 will gradually be compressed at this time.
- the gasket 380 will gradually move to the lower part of the differential pressure relief valve 38.
- the gasket 380 moves to the lower part of the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38, so that The differential pressure valve inlet 383 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is connected to the differential pressure valve outlet 384.
- the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is in an open state, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant can pass through the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38 Discharge into the reservoir 12.
- the condensing pressure in the condenser 11 will gradually decrease.
- the gasket 380 will move to overflow again under the push of the differential pressure valve spring 381
- the upper end of the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the differential pressure valve 38 closes the overflow differential pressure valve 38.
- the existing carbon dioxide refrigeration system has insufficient condensation efficiency of the condenser 11, and the carbon dioxide condensation effect is not ideal, and the phenomenon that the condensation pressure of the condenser 11 is too high often occurs.
- this embodiment preferably adopts a mechanical overflow differential pressure valve 38, through which the mechanical overflow differential pressure valve 38 controls and adjusts the condensation pressure of the condenser 11 to keep the condensation pressure within an appropriate range .
- the mechanical overflow differential pressure valve 38 is not only simple in structure, low in cost and easy to maintain, but also can ensure the safe and efficient operation of the single-stage carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention.
- the overflow differential pressure valve 38 can adjust the condensing pressure in the condenser 11 to keep the condensing pressure within a proper range and ensure the normal operation of the system.
- the overflow differential pressure valve 38 also has a certain throttling effect, which can reduce the pressure of carbon dioxide in stages, ensuring safe and efficient operation of the system.
- the refrigeration system of this embodiment further includes a suction assembly 15.
- the suction assembly 15 is a venturi tube, and the structure of the venturi tube is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- a conventional direct expansion refrigeration system usually controls the flow of refrigerant entering the evaporator 13 by adjusting the opening of the expansion valve 17 so that the refrigerant is fully vaporized in the evaporator 13.
- this liquid supply method cannot make full use of the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13 and affects the cooling efficiency of the system.
- the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of this embodiment includes a low-pressure circulation barrel 39.
- the liquid outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 is connected to the inlet end of the evaporator 13, and the outlet end of the evaporator 13 is connected to the low-pressure circulation barrel.
- 39 is in communication
- the air outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 is in communication with the compressor 10
- the regulating expansion valve 17 is arranged between the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 and the accumulator 12.
- the opening of the expansion valve 17 can be adjusted to increase the flow of the carbon dioxide liquid, so that there is still a part of the low-pressure liquid that is not completely evaporated at the outlet end of the evaporator 13, so that the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13 can be fully utilized ;
- the incompletely evaporated carbon dioxide liquid is temporarily stored in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 and will not enter the compressor 10, which not only makes full use of the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13, but also ensures the safe operation of the system.
- a level gauge (not shown in the figure) may be provided in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 for measuring the level of the carbon dioxide liquid in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39.
- the working process of the refrigerant cycle system is described in detail below in conjunction with the above description: adjust the opening of the expansion valve 17 and increase the flow rate of carbon dioxide liquid, so that the heat exchange area in the evaporator 13 is fully utilized.
- the evaporation The outlet end of the evaporator 13 will flow out low-pressure carbon dioxide gas and low-pressure carbon dioxide liquid that is not completely evaporated; the carbon dioxide gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the outlet end of the evaporator 13 will enter the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 to complete the gas-liquid separation, and the gaseous carbon dioxide refrigerant is compressed
- the machine 10 is drawn out, and the liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant is temporarily stored in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39; when the liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 accumulates to a certain amount, the level gauge reaches the set upper limit, reducing or suspending the supply of carbon dioxide liquid the amount.
- the structure of the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 can make full use of the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13, enhance the heat exchange effect, improve the refrigeration efficiency of the system, and ensure the safe operation of the system.
- the refrigerant circulation system has a simple structure and is convenient for control and operation. Stable and reliable.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (24)
- 一种二氧化碳制冷系统,包括顺次相连通的压缩机、冷凝器、储液器和蒸发器;其特征在于:所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间设置有抽吸组件,所述抽吸组件与所述储液器相连通或者与所述气液分离器相连通,所述气液分离器设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间,所述储液器或者所述气液分离器中的二氧化碳气体能够通过抽吸组件抽回压缩机与冷凝器之间的管道中。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述抽吸组件包括第一接口、第二接口和第三接口,所述第一接口与所述压缩机相连通,所述第二接口与所述冷凝器相连通,所述第三接口与所述储液器相连通或者与所述气液分离器相连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述抽吸组件是文丘里管或者多个文丘里管并联的文丘里组,所述气液分离器是浮球阀或者多个浮球阀串联的浮球阀组。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述抽吸组件包括三通阀和负压泵,所述负压泵设置在第三接口与储液器或者气液分离器相连通的管道上,所述负压泵在所述储液器中或者在气液分离器中产生设定的负压。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:冷凝管内的冷凝压力低于120Kg/cm 2,在气液分离器与抽吸组件之间设置有单向阀。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述文丘里管包括顺次相连的收缩段、喉道和扩散段。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述浮球阀包括设置在底部的两个接口和顶部的一个接口。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管和第一浮球阀,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间的管道上,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接;或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀和所述第二浮球阀串联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间的管道上,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接,所述第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与所述冷凝器之间,所述第二文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第二浮球阀连接;或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀、第三文丘里管、第三浮球阀,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀、所述第二浮球阀和所述第三浮球阀串联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接,所述第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与所述冷凝器之间,所述第二文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第二浮球阀连接;所述第三文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与第二浮球阀之间,所述第三文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第三浮球阀连接;或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀、第三文丘里管,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀、所述第二浮球阀串联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接,所述第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与所述冷凝器之间,所述第二文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第二浮球阀连接;所述第三文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与第二浮球阀之间,所述第三文丘里管的喉道接口与所述储液器连接;或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括一个文丘里管和一个以上的浮球阀,所述文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀串联联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀全部连接到一个文丘里管的喉道接口。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述冷凝器是闪蒸式冷凝器,所述闪蒸式冷凝器包括壳体、负压风机、换热装置和液体雾化装置,所述负压风机设置在所述壳体上,所述负压风机使壳体内部形成负压环境,所述液体雾化装置和所述换热装置设置在所述壳体内,所述液体雾化装置将雾化后的液体喷射到壳体内部,雾化液体在负压环境下蒸发为蒸汽,将换热装置内的二氧化碳介质完全冷凝液化。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述负压风机的排风量大于壳体内 雾化液体的蒸发量;所述壳体内的静压腔的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:冷凝管内的冷凝压力不高于二氧化碳临界压力,二氧化碳临界压力为74Kg/cm 2。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述负压风机与所述换热装置之间形成有第一静压腔,液体雾化装置与换热装置之间形成有第二静压腔,负压风机使第二静压腔内形成负压环境,液体雾化装置将雾化液体喷射到第二静压腔内,以使雾化液体蒸发为蒸汽。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述闪蒸式冷凝器包括调压装置,所述调压装置的进气口设置在壳体外,出气口设置在壳体内,通过调压装置将调节气流送进壳体内,以促进壳体内蒸汽的流动,并在壳体内形成气溶胶;或者所述调压装置是一个或多个风扇,风扇靠近液体雾化装置设置;或者所述调压装置是负压风机通过蒸汽循环管路连接到壳体。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述制冷系统包括四通换向阀,所述四通换向阀包括阀体,所述阀体上设置有第一出口、第二出口、第三出口、第四出口,所述阀体内部设置有气体通道,气体通道将第一出口、第二出口、第三出口、第四出口连通,所述阀体内设置有第一阀芯组件和第二阀芯组件,所述第一阀芯组件和所述第二阀芯组件能够在阀体内部移动实现气体出口连通关系的转换;通过高压动力气源产生的压力来将阀芯组件移动。
- 根据权利要求14所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:阀芯组件包括弹簧、阀芯、螺杆、阀管和轴套,所述螺杆的两端分别与两个阀芯连接,所述弹簧的一端与其中一个阀芯连接,另一端与弹簧固定底座连接,所述阀管套在所述螺杆上,阀管面向出口的一侧为开口结构,开口结构使得气体能够进入四通换向阀内部,所述阀芯上设置有轴套,所述轴套与所述阀管相配合,轴套与阀管组合后能够阻止二氧化碳气体通过。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一四通换向阀、第二四通换向阀、第三四通换向阀,所述第一四通换向阀的四个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器入口、压缩机入口、压缩机出口、蒸发器出口;所述第二四通换向阀的其中两个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器出口、气液分离器入口,另外两个出口分别与所述第三四通换向阀的两个出口连接;所述第三四通换向阀的两个出口分别与储液器出口、蒸发器入口连接,另外两个出口分别与所述第二四通换向阀的两个出口连接。
- 根据权利要求16所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:在制冷模式下,第一四通换向阀将压缩机出口和冷凝器入口导通,将蒸发器出口与压缩机入口导通;第二四通换向阀将冷凝器出口与气液分离器入口导通,另外两个出口与第三四通换向阀导通;第三四通换向阀将储液器出口与蒸发器入口导通,另外两个出口与第二四通换向阀导通;在制热模式下,第一四通换向阀将压缩机出口和蒸发器导通,将冷凝器入口与压缩机入口导通;第二四通换向阀将冷凝器出口与第三四通换向阀导通,将第三四通换向阀与气液分离器入口导通;第三四通换向阀将储液器出口与第二四通换向阀导通,将蒸发器与第二四通换向阀导通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统用于调节室内温度的空调、用作冷库的冷源或者用于速冻库。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:储存液态二氧化碳的储液器与二氧化碳消防管路连接,液态二氧化碳储液器设置在冻土层以下。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:在所述冷凝器与所述储液器之间设置有溢流压差阀,所述溢流压差阀包括压差阀外壳、密封垫片、压差阀入口和压差阀出口,所述压差阀入口与所述冷凝器的压差阀出口相连通,所述压差阀出口与所述储液器相连通;所述密封垫片设置在所述压差阀外壳内部形成的空腔内,所述压差阀入口和所述压差阀出口均与压差阀外壳内部的空腔相连通,所述密封垫片根据压力的变化能够在压差阀外壳内移动,实现所述压差阀入口与所述压差阀出口的连通或阻断。
- 根据权利要求20所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述溢流压差阀还包括压差阀弹簧,所述压差阀弹簧的一端与所述密封垫片连接,另一端固定在所述压差阀外壳上,所述密封垫片的形状 与所述压差阀外壳内空腔的截面形状相匹配,所述密封垫片能够随压差阀弹簧的压缩或释放往复移动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括低压循环桶,所述低压循环桶的出液口与所述蒸发器的入口端相连通,所述蒸发器的出口端与所述低压循环桶相连通,所述低压循环桶的出气口与所述压缩机相连通。
- 一种以二氧化碳为介质的制冷方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1)压缩机将蒸发器中高温二氧化碳气体压缩到冷凝器中进行冷却;2)通过抽吸组件将混在二氧化碳液体中的二氧化碳气体抽走,实现气液分离;抽吸组件使部分二氧化碳液体闪发,进行多级降温,使液态二氧化碳处于过冷状态;3)将过冷二氧化碳液体引入储液器中备用。
- 根据权利要求23所述的一种以二氧化碳为介质的制冷方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,冷凝二氧化碳气体采用闪蒸式冷凝方式,实现二氧化碳在闪蒸式冷凝器内完全冷凝液化,闪蒸式冷凝方式为在密闭壳体中设置换热装置和液体雾化装置,在密闭壳体上设置负压风机,液体通过高压液体雾化装置喷出,形成比表面积大的雾化液体,散布在壳体容纳腔室内;在换热装置产生的辐射热的作用下,以及在负压风机产生的负压作用下,雾化液体小质点分散并悬浮在气体介质中形成气溶胶,使得雾化液体表面的水分子脱离雾滴本体,转变为蒸汽,带走热量;步骤2)中,多级降温的方法是设置多个相互串联的浮球阀,二氧化碳液体依次通过浮球阀,浮球阀分别与抽吸组件连接,在抽吸力的作用下部分液体二氧化碳气化使剩余液体处于过冷状态,得到更低温度的液态二氧化碳。
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| ES20843308T ES3039320T3 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-04-16 | Carbon dioxide refrigerating system and refrigerating method thereof |
| PL20843308.6T PL4006445T3 (pl) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-04-16 | Układ do chłodzenia dwutlenkiem węgla oraz sposób jego chłodzenia |
| US17/606,437 US12320560B2 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-04-16 | Carbon dioxide refrigerating system and refrigerating method thereof |
| EP20843308.6A EP4006445B1 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-04-16 | Carbon dioxide refrigerating system and refrigerating method thereof |
| RS20251003A RS67301B1 (sr) | 2019-07-22 | 2020-04-16 | Sistem za hlađenje ugljen dioksidom i postupak hlađenja istim |
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| CN201911122549.7 | 2019-11-15 | ||
| CN201911122549.7A CN110822757B (zh) | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-15 | 一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法 |
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| CN117926556A (zh) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-26 | 广州奕至家居科技有限公司 | 一种防回液的热泵干燥系统及其控制方法、热泵干衣机、介质 |
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| RS67301B1 (sr) | 2025-11-28 |
| EP4006445B1 (en) | 2025-07-16 |
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| CN111473539B (zh) | 2024-11-15 |
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| US20220316779A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
| PL4006445T3 (pl) | 2025-12-08 |
| CN110822776B (zh) | 2021-07-27 |
| CN210051019U (zh) | 2020-02-11 |
| CN110822761A (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
| CN212299528U (zh) | 2021-01-05 |
| CN110822761B (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
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