WO2021027708A1 - 光学防伪元件及光学防伪产品 - Google Patents

光学防伪元件及光学防伪产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027708A1
WO2021027708A1 PCT/CN2020/107721 CN2020107721W WO2021027708A1 WO 2021027708 A1 WO2021027708 A1 WO 2021027708A1 CN 2020107721 W CN2020107721 W CN 2020107721W WO 2021027708 A1 WO2021027708 A1 WO 2021027708A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
semi
reflective
layer
refractive index
optical anti
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2020/107721
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张巍巍
孙凯
胡春华
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China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp
Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp
Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp, Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co Ltd filed Critical China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp
Priority to EP20851918.1A priority Critical patent/EP4011637B1/en
Priority to US17/633,165 priority patent/US12427802B2/en
Publication of WO2021027708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027708A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/445—Marking by removal of material using chemical means, e.g. etching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/08—Mirrors
    • G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optical anti-counterfeiting, in particular to an optical anti-counterfeiting element and an optical anti-counterfeiting product.
  • Optical anti-counterfeiting elements based on color and color changes have been used as an important optical anti-counterfeiting feature in various fields such as banknote anti-counterfeiting and brand protection.
  • This kind of anti-counterfeiting element can realize color changes through optical principles, that is, when the optical anti-counterfeiting element is tilted, the color in the optical anti-counterfeiting element changes with the change of the viewing angle. This color change is very easy to recognize and does not require much education for the user.
  • the principle of "Fabry-Perot" interferometer can be used, and the structure of "absorption layer/dielectric layer/reflective layer” can be used to form an optically variable coating whose color changes with the observation angle.
  • the optical color of the above-mentioned plating layer or optical anti-counterfeiting element changes, so the above-mentioned structure and corresponding products can also be collectively referred to as "optical variable film”.
  • the optically variable film with its color changing when tilted has been applied in many ways such as security thread, wide strip and anti-counterfeiting mark.
  • the color information can only be observed on one side of the absorbing layer, while on the other side of the optical variable film, that is, on the side of the reflective layer, only the reflective layer can be observed This condition limits the observation method and color change of the light variable film.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an optical anti-counterfeiting element and an optical anti-counterfeiting product, which can provide different anti-counterfeiting features when viewed on both sides.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical anti-counterfeiting element, including: a substrate, the substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposed to each other, and at least a part of the substrate is transparent; And a first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer, a dielectric layer, and a second semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer sequentially deposited on the first surface, wherein the ratio of the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of the first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer is equal to The ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient of the second semi-reflective coating is different.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an optical anti-counterfeiting element, including: providing a substrate, the substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposed to each other, and at least a part of the substrate is Transparent; and sequentially depositing a first semi-reflective coating layer, a dielectric layer and a second semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer on the first surface, wherein the refractive index and extinction coefficient of the first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer The ratio is different from the ratio of the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of the second semi-reflective coating.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by the embodiment of the present invention or the optical anti-counterfeiting element manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing method has the following anti-counterfeiting effects: when viewed from the first surface of the optical anti-counterfeiting element, the optical anti-counterfeiting element presents a relatively bright first color; When the second surface of the optical anti-counterfeiting element is observed, the optical anti-counterfeiting element presents a relatively bright second color; when the optical anti-counterfeiting element is viewed through perspective, the optical anti-counterfeiting element presents a third color; when viewed from the first surface and the second surface, When the above-mentioned optical anti-counterfeiting element is tilted, the optical anti-counterfeiting element exhibits a color change effect, that is, a light change effect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an optical anti-counterfeiting element, including: a substrate, the substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposed to each other, and at least a part of the substrate is transparent; formed A microstructure forming layer on the first surface, the microstructure forming layer has at least a first area and a second area, the first area is a flat area or includes a first surface micro-relief structure, the second The region includes a second surface micro-relief structure, the specific volume of the first surface micro-relief structure is smaller than the specific volume of the second surface micro-relief structure; the reflective layer, the protective layer, The first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating, the dielectric layer and the second semi-reflective semi-transparent coating, the first semi-reflective semi-transmissive coating, the dielectric layer and the second semi-reflective semi-transparent coating also cover the same shape in sequence In the second area, the ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient of the first
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an optical anti-counterfeiting element, including: providing a substrate, the substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposed to each other, and at least a part of the substrate is Transparent; forming a microstructure forming layer on the first surface, the microstructure forming layer having at least a first area and a second area, the first area is a flat area or includes a first surface micro-relief structure, so The second area includes a second surface micro-relief structure, the specific volume of the first surface micro-relief structure is smaller than the specific volume of the second surface micro-relief structure; a reflective layer is deposited on the microstructure forming layer; A protective layer is formed on the reflective layer; the structure formed in the previous step is immersed in an etching solution so that the reflective layer and the protective layer in the second area are corroded; the corroded structure is taken out and cleaned; In the latter structure, a first semi-reflection and semi-trans
  • the above-mentioned optical anti-counterfeiting element or the optical anti-counterfeiting element produced by the above-mentioned manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following anti-counterfeiting effects: when viewed from the first surface of the optical anti-counterfeiting element, the first area of the optical anti-counterfeiting element exhibits relatively high brightness and saturation.
  • the first color is high, the second area presents the second color, and when the optical security element is tilted, both the first color and the second color present the effect of color change; when viewed from the second surface of the optical security element, the optical security
  • the first area of the element presents the third color of the reflective layer
  • the second area presents the fourth color
  • the fourth color presents the effect of dark color change, and the third color remains unchanged
  • the first area is opaque
  • the second area presents a fifth color.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an optical anti-counterfeiting product, which includes the above-mentioned optical anti-counterfeiting element; and a carrier on which the optical anti-counterfeiting element is attached.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the ratio of the refractive index n of aluminum and chromium to the extinction coefficient k;
  • Figure 3 shows the reflection spectrum of the optical anti-counterfeiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention when viewed from different directions;
  • Figure 4 (a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting product according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4(b) shows a schematic diagram of the optical anti-counterfeiting product shown in Figure 4(a) viewed from the first surface;
  • Figure 4(c) shows a schematic diagram of the optical anti-counterfeiting product shown in Figure 4(a) viewed from the second surface;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting element according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the change of the color of the optically variable coating layer with the thickness of the protective layer in the optical anti-counterfeiting element shown in FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 7(a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting product according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7(b) shows a schematic diagram of the optical anti-counterfeiting product shown in Figure 7(a) viewed from the first surface
  • Fig. 7(c) shows a schematic diagram of the effect of the optical anti-counterfeiting product shown in Fig. 7(a) viewed from the second surface.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical anti-counterfeiting element 1, including: a substrate 2 having a first surface 21 and a second surface 22 opposed to each other; and sequentially deposited on the first surface 21
  • the semi-reflective coating layer 31, the dielectric layer 32 and the semi-reflective coating layer 33 wherein the ratio of the refractive index of the semi-reflective coating layer 31 to the extinction coefficient is different from the ratio of the refractive index of the semi-reflective coating layer 33 to the extinction coefficient .
  • the semi-reflective and semi-transmissive plating layer 31, the dielectric layer 32, and the semi-reflective and semi-transparent plating layer 33 form an optically variable plating layer 3 with a double-sided observation effect.
  • At least a part of the substrate 2 may be transparent. As shown in FIG. 1, the portion of the substrate 2 with a length of 2t is transparent.
  • the material forming the base material 2 may be, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or the like.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following anti-counterfeiting effects: when viewed from the first surface 21 of the optical anti-counterfeiting element, the optical anti-counterfeiting element presents a relatively bright first color; when viewed from the second surface 22 of the optical anti-counterfeiting element, The optical anti-counterfeiting element presents a relatively bright second color; when the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 is viewed through perspective, the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 presents a third color; when viewed from the first surface 21 and the second surface 22, when the optical anti-counterfeiting element is tilted When the element 1 is used, the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 exhibits a color change effect, that is, a light change effect.
  • the ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient of one of the semi-reflective coating 31 and the semi-reflective coating 33 may be less than 0.2, and the ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient of the other may be greater than 0.2 , And the closer to 1, the better, preferably 0.5 to 2.
  • the constituent materials of the semi-reflective coating with the ratio of refractive index to extinction coefficient less than 0.2 are one or more of the following: aluminum, or silver, etc., but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it may be the refractive index Any material whose ratio to extinction coefficient is less than 0.2.
  • the constituent materials of the semi-reflective semi-transparent coating with the ratio of refractive index to extinction coefficient greater than 0.2 are one or more of the following: chromium, silicon, zinc, nickel, or titanium, etc., but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. It can be any material with a ratio of refractive index to extinction coefficient greater than 0.2.
  • the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 31 and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 33 have a semi-reflection and semi-transmission effect, that is, by controlling the thickness of the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 31 and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 33,
  • the reflectance and transmittance are basically the same in the visible spectrum. Since metal materials have high reflectivity, the thickness of the metal layer of the semi-reflective and semi-transmissive material is generally thin, less than 10 nm.
  • the refractive index of the dielectric layer can optionally be less than 1.8.
  • its constituent material can be silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, cryolite and other materials.
  • the semi-reflective coating layer 31/dielectric layer 32/semi-reflective coating layer 33 form a "Fabry-Perot" resonant cavity structure, which can constructively enhance the interference of specific wavelengths in visible light, and cancel the interference of other wavelengths. Weaken.
  • the transflective and transflective coating 31 when viewed on the side of the transflective and transflective coating 31, the transflective and transflective coating 31 is used as a transflective and transflective layer, and the transflective and transflective coating 33 is used as a reflective layer; conversely, when viewed on the side of the transflective and transflective coating 33,
  • the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 33 serves as a semi-reflection and semi-transmission layer, and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating layer 31 serves as a reflection layer.
  • phase difference between the reflected light and the transmitted light, and the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k determine the phase difference. Therefore, when different materials are used as the transflective layer of the "Fabry-Perot" resonant cavity, the phase difference is also different, resulting in different colors when the anti-counterfeiting element is viewed on different surfaces.
  • the constituent material of the semi-reflective semi-transparent coating 31 may be aluminum, and the constituent material of the semi-reflective semi-transparent coating 33 may be chromium.
  • the curve (a) in FIG. 2 represents the ratio curve of the refractive index n of aluminum to the extinction coefficient k, and the curve (b) represents the ratio curve of the refractive index n of chromium to the extinction coefficient k.
  • the ratio of the refractive index of aluminum n to the extinction coefficient k is less than 0.2, and in the part of the visible spectrum (380nm-680nm), the refractive index of chromium is n The ratio to the extinction coefficient k is greater than 0.2.
  • the constituent material of the dielectric layer may be silicon dioxide.
  • the thickness of the semi-reflective coating 31 aluminum may be 9 nm
  • the thickness of the dielectric layer silicon dioxide may be 420 nm
  • the thickness of the semi-reflective semi-transmitting coating 33 chromium may be 7 nm.
  • Fig. 3 shows the reflection spectrum of the optical security element when viewed from different directions.
  • the metallic chromium of the transflective coating 33 serves as the absorption layer of the optical variable coating 3
  • the metal aluminum of the transflective coating 31 serves as the reflection of the optical variable coating 3
  • the reflection spectrum is as shown by the curve (a) in Fig. 3, showing a magenta color.
  • the metallic chromium of the semi-reflective semi-transparent plating layer 31 serves as the absorption layer of the optical variable plating layer 3
  • the metallic aluminum of the semi-reflective semi-transparent plating layer 33 serves as the light
  • the thickness of the reflective layer of the variable plating layer 3 is 420 nm
  • the reflection spectrum of the silicon dioxide of the dielectric layer is as shown by the curve (b) in FIG. 3, which is green. Therefore, the feature of showing different colors when viewed on both sides of the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 is realized, and when the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 is tilted, both colors will change, showing a light change effect.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element Since the metal layers on both sides of the optical variable coating 3 are both semi-reflective and semi-transmissive coatings, on the basis of the colors on both sides, the optical anti-counterfeiting element has a certain color under light transmission observation, as shown in the curve (c) in Figure 3 It is the transmission spectrum of the optical security element 1, which is blue.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a manufacturing method for the above-mentioned optical anti-counterfeiting element.
  • the method may include: providing a substrate, the substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposed to each other, and the substrate At least part of the area is transparent; and a first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer, a dielectric layer and a second semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer are sequentially deposited on the first surface, wherein the refraction of the first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating The ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient is different from the ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient of the second semi-reflective coating.
  • the first semi-reflective semi-transmissive coating can be obtained on the first surface of the substrate by physical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition or printing/coating can be used on the first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating A dielectric layer is obtained, and a second semi-reflective semi-transparent plating layer is obtained on the dielectric layer by physical vapor deposition.
  • the selection principle of the material and thickness of the substrate, the first semi-reflective semi-transparent coating, the dielectric layer, and the second semi-reflective semi-transparent coating in the method for manufacturing the optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that provided by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention.
  • the principle of the optical anti-counterfeiting element is the same, which will not be repeated here.
  • Figure 4(a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4(b) shows a schematic diagram of the optical anti-counterfeiting product shown in Fig. 4(a) viewed from the first surface.
  • Fig. 4(c) shows a schematic diagram of the optical anti-counterfeiting product shown in Fig. 4(a) viewed from the first surface.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting product 0 provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include an optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 and a carrier 7.
  • the carrier 7 has a first surface 71 and a second surface 72, and the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 covers Above the first surface 71 of the carrier.
  • the carrier 7 may be a paper-based carrier, for example.
  • the carrier 7 is not limited to this, and it may also be transparent, translucent, or at least partially transparent.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 and the carrier 7 can be bonded together by an adhesive 9 which can be transparent, semi-transparent, or at least partially transparent.
  • Fig. 4(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 4(b) along the dotted line.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 is composed of a transparent substrate 2 and a double-sided observation optical variable coating layer 3 thereon.
  • the double-sided observation optical variable coating layer is composed of a semi-reflective semi-transparent layer 31, a dielectric layer 32 and a semi-reflective semi-transparent layer 33.
  • the thickness of the semi-reflective semi-permeable layer 31 may be 9 nm and the constituent material may be aluminum
  • the thickness of the dielectric layer 32 may be 420 nm and the constituent material may be silicon dioxide
  • the thickness of the semi-reflective semi-permeable layer 33 may be 7 nm.
  • the constituent material can be chromium.
  • the optically variable plating layer 3 When viewed from the side of the first surface 71 of the paper-based carrier 7, the optically variable plating layer 3 appears magenta, as shown in Figure 4(a), that is, the magenta number "10" can be observed; from the paper-based carrier When the side of the second surface 72 of 7 is observed through the opening 8, the optically variable plating layer 3 appears green, as shown in Fig. 4(b), that is, the green, mirror image number "10" can be observed. In the case of transparent observation, the gray-blue number "10" can be observed.
  • the number "10" of the optical security element can be obtained by hollowing out.
  • a protective glue 34 with a shape of "10” can be printed on the semi-reflective and semi-transparent layer 33 of the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1, and then the structure after the printed protective glue is immersed in the corrosive solution so that the optical anti-counterfeiting element is not printed with protection
  • the area of the layer is eroded away to form a hollow area, and the portion that is not eroded away forms a figure "10", wherein the protective glue 34 is transparent, semi-transparent, or at least partially transparent.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting element according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1'provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a substrate 2.
  • the substrate 2 has a first surface 21 and a second surface 22 opposed to each other, and at least a part of the substrate is Transparent; the microstructure forming layer 4 formed on the first surface 21, the microstructure forming layer 4 has at least a region 11 and a region 12, the region 12 may be a flat region or include a first surface micro-relief structure, and the region 11 includes a second Surface micro-relief structure, the specific volume of the first surface micro-relief structure is smaller than the specific volume of the second surface micro-relief structure, where "specific volume” refers to the ratio of the volume occupied by the micro-relief structure to the projection of the micro-relief structure on the substrate plane , Which can be approximately regarded as the characteristic height of the micro-relief structure; the first surface micro-relief structure of the region 12 is sequentially covered with a reflective layer 5, a protective layer 6, a semi-reflective coating layer 31, a dielectric layer 32, a semi-reflective semi-transparent layer The coating layer 33,
  • the semi-reflective and semi-transparent coating layer 31, the dielectric layer 32, and the semi-reflective and semi-transparent coating layer 33 covering the area 11 constitute the multi-layer optical variable coating layer 3.
  • the layer 32 and the semi-reflective semi-transparent plating layer 33 form a multi-layer optically variable plating layer 3'.
  • the material forming the base material 2 may be, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or the like.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following anti-counterfeiting effects: when viewed from the first surface 21 of the optical anti-counterfeiting element, the area 12 of the optical anti-counterfeiting element presents the first color with higher brightness and saturation, and the area 11 presents the second color.
  • both the first color and the second color show the effect of color change; when viewed from the second surface 22 of the optical security element, the area 12 of the optical security element presents the third color of the reflective layer , Area 11 presents the fourth color, and when the optical security element is tilted, the fourth color presents the effect of dark color change, and the third color remains unchanged; when the optical security element is viewed through perspective, area 12 is opaque, and area 11 presents color The fifth color.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a manufacturing method for the optical anti-counterfeiting element shown in FIG. 5.
  • the method may include: providing a substrate 2 having a first surface 21 and a second surface opposed to each other. 22, and at least a part of the substrate 2 is transparent; a microstructure forming layer is formed on the first surface 21, the microstructure forming layer 4 has at least a region 11 and a region 12, and the region 12 is
  • the flat area may include a first surface micro-relief structure, the area 11 includes a second surface micro-relief structure, the specific volume of the first surface micro-relief structure is smaller than the specific volume of the second surface micro-relief structure;
  • a reflective layer 5 is deposited on the microstructure forming layer 4; a protective layer 6 is formed on the reflective layer 5; the structure formed in the previous step is immersed in an etching solution so that the reflective layer and the protective layer in the second area are corroded Take out and clean the corroded structure; on the corroded structure
  • the semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer 31 can be obtained by physical vapor deposition
  • the dielectric layer 32 can be obtained by physical vapor deposition or printing/coating on the semi-reflective semi-transparent coating layer 31
  • the dielectric layer 32 can be obtained by physical The method of vapor deposition obtains the semi-reflective and semi-transparent coating 33.
  • the ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient of one of the semi-reflective coating 31 and the semi-reflective coating 33 may be less than 0.2, and the ratio of the refractive index to the extinction coefficient of the other may be greater than 0.2 , And the closer to 1, the better, preferably 0.5 to 2.
  • the constituent materials of the semi-reflective coating with the ratio of refractive index to extinction coefficient less than 0.2 are one or more of the following: aluminum, or silver, etc., but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it may be the refractive index Any material whose ratio to extinction coefficient is less than 0.2.
  • the constituent materials of the semi-reflective semi-transparent coating with the ratio of refractive index to extinction coefficient greater than 0.2 are one or more of the following: chromium, silicon, zinc, nickel, or titanium, etc., but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. It can be any material with a ratio of refractive index to extinction coefficient greater than 0.2.
  • the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 31 and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 33 have a semi-reflection and semi-transmission effect, that is, by controlling the thickness of the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 31 and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating 33,
  • the reflectance and transmittance are basically the same in the visible spectrum. Since metal materials have high reflectivity, the thickness of the metal layer of the semi-reflective and semi-transmissive material is generally thin, less than 10 nm.
  • the refractive index of the dielectric layer can optionally be less than 1.8.
  • its constituent material can be silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, cryolite and other materials.
  • the semi-reflective coating layer 31/dielectric layer 32/semi-reflective coating layer 33 form a "Fabry-Perot" resonant cavity structure, which can constructively enhance the interference of specific wavelengths in visible light, and cancel the interference of other wavelengths. Weaken.
  • the reflective layer 5 is deposited on the region 11 and the region 12 at the same time.
  • the constituent material of the reflective layer 5 may be metallic aluminum, and the thickness may be 30 nm.
  • a protective layer 6 is covered on the above-mentioned reflective layer 5 by coating or printing.
  • the constituent material of the protective layer 6 may be acrylic resin, and the thickness may be about 150 nm.
  • both the reflective layer 5 and the protective layer 6 cover the microstructure forming layer in the same shape.
  • the protective layer 6 e.g., acrylic resin
  • the protective layer 6 has certain fluidity during coating or printing, so In the area 12 with a smaller specific volume, the protective layer 6 can completely cover the reflective layer 5; while the surface relief microstructure in the area 11 has a larger specific volume, so the protective layer 6 is deposited on the surface microstructure by leveling. At the bottom end of the relief structure, a part of the reflective layer 6 is exposed.
  • an etching solution such as a hot alkaline solution
  • the reflective layer of the region 11 is corroded, and the reflective layer of the region 12 is protected and retained. Therefore, it can be formed in the region 11 without the reflective layer and the protective layer, and the region 12 has the structure of the reflective layer and the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the semi-reflective semi-permeable layer 31 may be 7 nm and the constituent material may be aluminum
  • the thickness of the dielectric layer 32 may be 400 nm and the constituent material may be magnesium fluoride
  • the thickness of the semi-reflective semi-permeable layer 33 It can be 7nm and the constituent material can be zinc.
  • the characteristic width of the surface micro-relief structure (the width of the unit of the micro-relief structure projected on the horizontal plane) in the region 11 may be 15 ⁇ m
  • the characteristic height (the height of the unit of the micro-relief structure) is 3 ⁇ m.
  • the characteristic width of the surface micro-relief structure in the region 12 is 7 ⁇ m, and the characteristic height is 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • the reflective layer 5 may have a thickness of 30 nm and the constituent material may be metallic aluminum.
  • the thickness of the protective layer 6 may be 150 nm and the constituent material may be acrylic resin.
  • the optically variable coating 3'modulated by the microstructure of the region 11 of the optical security element 1' is observed and appears blue, and the region 12 is deposited on the surface due to the micro-relief structure
  • the reflective layer is aluminum, so it presents the color of metallic aluminum; when viewed from the first surface 21 of the substrate, the area 11 is golden, which is different from the color when viewed from the other side, and the area 12 is reflective due to the multilayer optical variable coating 3' Layer 5 (aluminum, thickness of 30nm)/protective layer 6 (acrylate, thickness of 150nm)/semi-reflective layer 31 (aluminum, thickness of 7nm)/dielectric layer 32 (magnesium fluoride, thickness of 400nm)/half
  • the reflective semi-permeable layer 33 (zinc, thickness 7nm) is yellow-green. Therefore, the four colors can be matched in different viewing directions and different positions.
  • the thickness of the protective layer 6 can be varied.
  • the protective layer is to distinguish the protection speed of the optical variable coating 3 on the microstructure of area 1 and the optical variable coating 3 on the microstructure of area 2 to the corrosion solution to form an effect that one side is corroded and the other side is protected .
  • the thickness of the protective layer 6 can affect the color 1, it is necessary to control the thickness of the protective layer 6 while achieving protective performance and color meeting requirements.
  • Figure 6 shows the influence of the thickness of the protective layer 6 on the appearance and color of the multilayer optical variable coating 3'. It can be seen from the figure that as the thickness of the protective layer 6 increases, the color of the multilayer optical variable coating 3'will change Obvious changes occur, and the orange-red-gold-yellow-yellow-green change can be achieved within the range of 50nm to 400nm. Therefore, under the premise that the thickness of the reflective layer, the semi-reflective layer and the dielectric layer are determined, and a good hollowing effect can be achieved, the color of the multilayer optical variable coating 3'can be modulated by adjusting the thickness of the protective layer 6 .
  • the area 11 with a large specific volume microstructure has only the double-sided observation optical variable coating 3 (semi-reflective semi-transparent coating 31/dielectric layer 32/semi-reflective semi-transparent coating 33), and no other coatings; it has a small specific volume
  • Fig. 7(a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting product according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting product 0'provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include the optical anti-counterfeiting element and the carrier 7 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the carrier 7' has a first surface 7'1 and a second surface 7'1.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element covers the first surface 7'1 of the carrier.
  • the carrier 7' may be transparent, for example, it may be a transparent plastic carrier.
  • the region 11 has a relatively large "specific volume” microstructure on which a semi-reflective and semi-transparent layer 31, a dielectric layer 32, and a semi-reflective and semi-transparent layer 33 are sequentially formed; the region 12 has a relatively small "specific volume”.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element and the carrier 7' can be bonded together by an adhesive 9 which can be transparent, semi-transparent, or at least partially transparent.
  • the thickness of the semi-reflective semi-permeable layer 31 may be 6 nm and the constituent material may be aluminum, the thickness of the dielectric layer 32 may be 402 nm and the constituent material may be magnesium fluoride, and the thickness of the semi-reflective semi-permeable layer 33 It can be 7nm and the constituent material can be chromium.
  • the reflective layer 5 may have a thickness of 30 nm and the constituent material may be metallic aluminum.
  • the thickness of the protective layer 6 may be 150 nm and the constituent material may be polyacrylate.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element may further include a hollow area 13, and the range of the area 11 and the area 12 is defined by the hollow area 13.
  • the hollowed area 13 contains hollowed microstructures 41, which have a higher aspect ratio or a larger specific volume than the microstructures of the areas 11 and 12, so that a protective layer is formed on the semi-reflective and semi-transparent coating 33 and performed
  • the area 13 can be accurately hollowed out and the multi-layer optical variable coating of the region 11, the multi-layer optical variable coating and the reflective layer of the region 12 can be accurately retained.
  • the surface of the optical anti-counterfeiting element may be covered with a product protection layer 62 to avoid contamination and damage to the product by external contaminants, and the refractive index of the product protection layer 62 and the refractive index of the microstructure forming layer 4 may be the same Or close.
  • the product protective layer 62 covers the hollow microstructure 41 of the hollow area 13, the interface between the two does not exist because the refractive index of the two is the same or similar, and the hollow area 13 appears when viewed from the side of the protective layer 62 Fully transparent effect.
  • Fig. 7(b) is the case when viewed from the side of the first surface 7'1 of the carrier 7'
  • Fig. 7(c) is the case when viewed from the side of the second surface 7'2 of the carrier 7'.
  • Fig. 7(a) is the cross-section at the dotted line in Fig. 7(b).
  • the area 11 shows a blue number "10".
  • the light spot presents a dynamic feature from top to bottom, and the color changes;
  • the "flower" pattern in area 12 presents a relief effect of metallic aluminum color, and the color does not change when the load is tilted.
  • the area 11 When viewed from the side of the first surface 7'1 of the plastic carrier 7', the area 11 presents a golden yellow number "10". When the carrier is tilted forward, the light spot presents a dynamic feature from bottom to top, and the color changes. Turns to green; the "flower” pattern in area 12 presents a yellow-green relief effect, and the color will change when the load is tilted.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the feature of observing different colors on two sides, the observation mode is broadened, and it can be applied to scenes that can be observed on both sides.
  • Traditional security threads, wide strips and other products are used in banknotes. Only one side can be observed during observation, and the other side is blocked by the carrier (such as paper); and because the color of the other side is the same as the color of the observed side (holographic (In the case of) or only the color of the reflective layer (for example, aluminum) (in the case of a light variable film), it cannot bring more attraction or shock to the observer.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element with different colors on both sides and color changes when tilted according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize double-sided observation, and can be applied to a variety of scenarios, such as banknotes used for paper-based and plastic-based carriers , Securities and other fields.
  • the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable the single-chip microcomputer, chip or processor (processor) Execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of this application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code .

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Abstract

一种光学防伪元件（1）及光学防伪产品（0），属于光学防伪领域。光学防伪元件，包括：基材（2），基材具有相互对立的第一表面（21）和第二表面（22），并且基材的至少部分区域是透明的；以及依次沉积于第一表面上的第一半反半透镀层（31）、介质层（32）和第二半反半透镀层（33），其中，第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。从第一表面观察时，光学防伪元件呈现较为鲜艳的第一颜色；从第二表面观察时，光学防伪元件呈现较为鲜艳的第二颜色；当透视观察时，光学防伪元件呈现第三颜色；分别从第一表面和第二表面观察，当倾斜光学防伪元件时，呈现颜色变化的效果。

Description

光学防伪元件及光学防伪产品
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2019年08月09日提交的中国专利申请201910734492.X的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及光学防伪领域，具体地，涉及一种光学防伪元件及光学防伪产品。
背景技术
人眼对颜色以及颜色的变化十分敏感，能够分辨出两种颜色之间细小的差别，因而颜色变化作为一种光学防伪要素是一种效率极高的防伪特征。基于颜色和颜色变化的光学防伪元件已经作为重要的光学防伪特征，应用于钞票防伪、品牌保护等多种领域。该种防伪元件通过光学原理，能够实现颜色的变化，即当倾斜光学防伪元件时，该光学防伪元件中的颜色随着观察角度的变化而发生变化。这种颜色的变化十分容易辨识，并且无需对使用者进行大量的教育。为了实现上述颜色变化，可以利用“法布里-珀罗”干涉器的原理，采用“吸收层/介质层/反射层”的结构，形成颜色随观察角度变化而变化的光变镀层。在倾斜时，上述镀层或光学防伪元件的光学颜色发生变化，因此上述结构以及相应的产品也可统称为“光变膜”。
具有倾斜时颜色变化的光变膜作为防伪手段已经应用于安全线、宽条和防伪标等多种方式。
然而传统的光变膜结构中，由于反射层的存在，导致只能在吸收层一侧观察到颜色信息，而在光变膜的另一侧，即反射层一侧，只能观察到反射层的白色，这种情况限制了光变膜的观察方式和颜色的变化。
发明内容
本发明实施例的目的是提供一种光学防伪元件及光学防伪产品，其在双面 观察时能够提供不同的防伪特征。
为了实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供一种光学防伪元件，包括：基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；以及依次沉积于所述第一表面上的第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供一种光学防伪元件的制作方法，包括：提供基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；以及在所述第一表面上依次沉积第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
本发明实施例提供的上述光学防伪元件或者由上述制作方法制作的光学防伪元件具有以下防伪效果：从上述光学防伪元件第一表面观察时，上述光学防伪元件呈现较为鲜艳的第一颜色；从上述光学防伪元件第二表面观察时，上述光学防伪元件呈现较为鲜艳的第二颜色；当透视观察上述光学防伪元件时，上述光学防伪元件呈现第三颜色；分别从第一表面和第二表面观察，当倾斜上述光学防伪元件时，所述光学防伪元件呈现颜色变化的效果，即光变效果。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供一种光学防伪元件，包括：基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；形成于所述第一表面上的微结构形成层，所述微结构形成层具有至少第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域为平坦区域或者包括第一表面微浮雕结构，所述第二区域包括第二表面微浮雕结构，所述第一表面微浮雕结构的比体积小于所述第二表面微浮雕结构的比体积；依次同形覆盖于所述第一区域上的反射层、保护层、第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，所述第一半反半透镀层、所述介质层和所述第二半反半透镀层还依次同形覆盖于所述第二区域上，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供一种光学防伪元件的制作方法，包括：提供基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分 区域是透明的；在所述第一表面上形成微结构形成层，所述微结构形成层具有至少第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域为平坦区域或者包括第一表面微浮雕结构，所述第二区域包括第二表面微浮雕结构，所述第一表面微浮雕结构的比体积小于所述第二表面微浮雕结构的比体积；在所述微结构形成层上沉积反射层；在所述反射层上形成保护层；将前述步骤形成的结构浸入到腐蚀溶液中以使得处于所述第二区域的反射层和保护层被腐蚀；取出并清洗经腐蚀后的结构；在所述经腐蚀后的结构上所述第一表面的一侧上依次沉积第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
本发明实施例提供的上述光学防伪元件或者由上述制作方法制作的光学防伪元件具有以下防伪效果：从上述光学防伪元件第一表面观察时，上述光学防伪元件的第一区域呈现亮度和饱和度较高的第一颜色，第二区域呈现第二颜色，且在倾斜光学防伪元件时，第一颜色和第二颜色均呈现颜色变化的效果；从上述光学防伪元件第二表面观察时，上述光学防伪元件的第一区域呈现反射层颜色第三颜色，第二区域呈现颜色第四颜色，且在倾斜光学防伪元件时，第四颜色呈现暗色变化的效果，第三颜色保持不变；当透视观察上述光学防伪元件时，第一区域不透明，第二区域呈现颜色第五颜色。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供一种光学防伪产品，包括上述的光学防伪元件；以及承载物，所述光学防伪元件附着于该承载物上。
本发明实施例的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明实施例，但并不构成对本发明实施例的限制。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的光学防伪元件的剖面示意图；
图2示出了铝和铬的折射率n与消光系数k的比值的曲线示意图；
图3示出了从不同方向观察根据本发明实施例所述的光学防伪元件时的反 射光谱；
图4(a)示出了根据本发明一实施例的光学防伪产品的剖面示意图；
图4(b)示出了从第一表面观察图4(a)所示的光学防伪产品的效果示意图；
图4(c)示出了从第二表面观察图4(a)所示的光学防伪产品的效果示意图；
图5示出了根据本发明又一实施例的光学防伪元件的剖面示意图；
图6示出了在图5所示的光学防伪元件中光变镀层颜色随保护层厚度的变化示意图；
图7(a)示出了根据本发明又一实施例的光学防伪产品的剖面示意图；
图7(b)示出了从第一表面观察图7(a)所示的光学防伪产品的效果示意图；以及
图7(c)示出了从第二表面观察图7(a)所示的光学防伪产品的效果示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明实施例的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明实施例，并不用于限制本发明实施例。
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的光学防伪元件的剖面示意图。如图1所示，本发明实施例提供一种光学防伪元件1，包括：基材2，基材2具有相互对立的第一表面21和第二表面22；以及依次沉积于第一表面21上的半反半透镀层31、介质层32和半反半透镀层33，其中半反半透镀层31的折射率与消光系数的比值与半反半透镀层33的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。半反半透镀层31、介质层32和半反半透镀层33形成具有双面观察效果的光变镀层3。基材2的至少部分区域可以是透明的，如图1所示，基材2中长度为2t的部分是透明的。形成基材2的材料例如可以是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)等。本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件具有以下防伪效果：从上述光学防伪元件第一表面21观察时，上述光学防伪元件呈现较为鲜艳的第一颜色；从上述光学防伪元件第二表面22 观察时，上述光学防伪元件呈现较为鲜艳的第二颜色；当透视观察上述光学防伪元件1时，上述光学防伪元件1呈现第三颜色；分别从第一表面21和第二表面22观察，当倾斜上述光学防伪元件1时，所述光学防伪元件1呈现颜色变化的效果，即光变效果。
在至少部分可见光谱范围内，半反半透镀层31和半反半透镀层33中一者的折射率与消光系数的比值可以小于0.2而另一者的折射率与消光系数的比值可以大于0.2，且越接近1越好，优选为0.5至2。例如，折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铝、或银等，但是本发明实施例并不限制于此，其可以是折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2的任意材料。折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铬、硅、锌、镍、或钛等，但是本发明实施例并不限制于此，其可以是折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2的任意材料。
为了实现两面观察的特征，半反半透镀层31和半反半透镀层33的具有半反半透的效果，即通过控制半反半透镀层31和半反半透镀层33的厚度，使其在可见光谱范围内反射率与透射率基本相同。由于金属材料具有较高的反射率，因此半反半透材料的金属层厚度一般较薄，小于10nm。
介质层的折射率可选的可以小于1.8，例如其组成材料可以是二氧化硅、氟化镁、冰晶石等材料。这样，半反半透镀层31/介质层32/半反半透镀层33形成“法布里-珀罗”谐振腔结构，可以对可见光中特定的波长进行干涉相长增强，其他波长干涉相消减弱。因此，在观察上述光学防伪元件时，可以获得特定的颜色；当倾斜上述光学防伪元件时，光在谐振腔中的光程发生变化，特征干涉波长发生变化，呈现另一种颜色，即产生光变效果。同时，由于半反半透镀层31与半反半透镀层33的折射率n和消光系数k的比值不同，在不同侧观察时不同的材料作为半反半透层。例如在半反半透镀层31一侧观察时，半反半透镀层31作为半反半透层，半反半透镀层33作为反射层；反之，在半反半透镀层33一侧观察时，半反半透镀层33作为半反半透层，半反半透镀层31作为反射层。光线被半反半透金属膜作用时，反射光与透射光存在一定的相位差，折射率n与消光系数k决定了相位差。因此，不同材料作为“法布里-珀罗”谐振腔的半反半透层时，相位差也不同，从而导致在不同表面观察防伪元件时颜色不同。
本发明实施例中，半反半透镀层31的组成材料可以为铝，半反半透镀层33的组成材料可以为铬。图2中曲线(a)表示铝的折射率n与消光系数k的比值曲线，曲线(b)表示铬的折射率n与消光系数k的比值曲线。如图2所示，在部分可见光谱范围内(380nm-680nm)，铝的折射率n与消光系数k的比值小于0.2，而在部分可见光谱范围内(380nm-680nm)，铬的折射率n与消光系数k的比值大于0.2。
例如，介质层的组成材料可以是二氧化硅。可选的，半反半透镀层31铝的厚度可以为9nm，介质层二氧化硅的厚度可以为420nm，半反半透镀层33铬的厚度可以为7nm。
图3示出了从不同方向观察根据上述光学防伪元件时的反射光谱。当从光学防伪元件1的第一表面21一侧观察时，半反半透镀层33的金属铬作为光变镀层3的吸收层，半反半透镀层31的金属铝作为光变镀层3的反射层，当介质层二氧化硅的厚度为420nm时反射光谱为图3中曲线(a)所示，呈现品红色。当从光学防伪元件1的第二表面22一侧透过基材2观察时，半反半透镀层31的金属铬作为光变镀层3的吸收层，半反半透镀层33的金属铝作为光变镀层3的反射层，当介质层二氧化硅的厚度为420nm时反射光谱为图3中曲线(b)所示，呈现绿色。因此，实现了在光学防伪元件1两侧观察时呈现不同颜色的特征，且当倾斜该光学防伪元件1时，两种颜色均会发生变化，呈现光变效果。由于光变镀层3两侧的金属层均为半反半透镀层，在两面具有颜色的基础上，该光学防伪元件在透光观察的情况下具有一定的颜色，如图3中曲线(c)为该光学防伪元件1的透射光谱，呈现蓝色。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供一种针对上述光学防伪元件的制作方法，该方法可以包括：提供基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；以及在所述第一表面上依次沉积第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
可选的，可以在所述基材的第一表面上通过物理气相沉积的方法获得第一半反半透镀层，在第一半反半透镀层上通过物理气相沉积或印刷/涂布的方式获得介质层，在介质层上通过物理气相沉积的方法获得第二半反半透镀层。
本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件的制作方法中的基材、第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层的组成材料和厚度的选择原理与上述本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件的原理相同，这里将不再赘述。
图4(a)示出了根据本发明一实施例的光学防伪产品的剖面示意图。图4(b)示出了从第一表面观察图4(a)所示的光学防伪产品的效果示意图。图4(c)示出了从第一表面观察图4(a)所示的光学防伪产品的效果示意图。如图4(a)所示，本发明实施例提供的光学防伪产品0可以包括光学防伪元件1和承载物7，承载物7具有第一表面71和第二表面72，光学防伪元件1覆盖在承载物的第一表面71之上。承载物7例如可以是纸基承载物。承载物7的特定位置存在特定形状的开孔8，以使得能够通过开孔8观察到光学防伪元件的第一表面和第二表面。承载物7并不限制于此，其也可以是透明的、半透明的、或至少部分透明的。光学防伪元件1和承载物7之间可以通过粘结胶9粘结在一起，粘结胶9可以是透明的、半透明的、或至少部分透明的。图4(a)为图4(b)沿虚线处的截面示意图。
光学防伪元件1由透明基材2以及其上的双面观察光变镀层3构成，上述双面观察光变镀层由半反半透层31、介质层32和半反半透层33构成。举例而言，半反半透层31的厚度可以是9nm且组成材料可以是铝，介质层32的厚度可以是420nm且组成材料可以是二氧化硅，半反半透层33的厚度可以是7nm且组成材料可以是铬。从纸基承载物7的第一表面71一侧观察时，光变镀层3呈现品红色，如图4(a)所示，即能够观察到品红色的数字“10”；从纸基承载物7的第二表面72一侧透过开孔8观察时，光变镀层3呈现绿色，如图4(b)所示，即能够观察到绿色的、镜像的数字“10”。在透光观察的情况下，能够观察到灰蓝色的数字“10”。
光学防伪元件的数字“10”可以通过镂空方式获得。例如可以在光学防伪元件1的半反半透层33上印刷形状为数字“10”的保护胶34，然后将经印刷保护胶之后的结构浸入到腐蚀溶液中以使得光学防伪元件中未印刷保护层的区域被腐蚀掉形成镂空区域，未被腐蚀掉的部分形成数字“10”的图文，其中保护胶34是透明的、半透明的、或至少部分透明的。
图5示出了根据本发明又一实施例的光学防伪元件的剖面示意图。如图5 所示，本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件1’包括：基材2，基材2具有相互对立的第一表面21和第二表面22，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；形成于第一表面21上的微结构形成层4，微结构形成层4具有至少区域11和区域12，区域12可以是平坦区域或者包括第一表面微浮雕结构，区域11包括第二表面微浮雕结构，第一表面微浮雕结构的比体积小于第二表面微浮雕结构的比体积，其中，“比体积”是指微浮雕结构所占体积与微浮雕结构在基材平面投影的比值，其可以近似认为是微浮雕结构的特征高度；区域12的第一表面微浮雕结构上依次同形覆盖有反射层5、保护层6、半反半透镀层31、介质层32、半反半透镀层33，半反半透镀层31、介质层32、半反半透镀层33还依次同形覆盖于区域11的第二表面微浮雕结构，其中半反半透镀层31的折射率与消光系数的比值与半反半透镀层33的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。覆盖于区域11的半反半透镀层31、介质层32、半反半透镀层33组成多层光变镀层3，区域12覆盖的反射层5、保护层6、半反半透镀层31、介质层32、半反半透镀层33形成多层光变镀层3’。形成基材2的材料例如可以是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)等。本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件具有以下防伪效果：从上述光学防伪元件第一表面21观察时，上述光学防伪元件的区域12呈现亮度和饱和度较高的第一颜色，区域11呈现第二颜色，且在倾斜光学防伪元件时，第一颜色和第二颜色均呈现颜色变化的效果；从上述光学防伪元件第二表面22观察时，上述光学防伪元件的区域12呈现反射层颜色第三颜色，区域11呈现颜色第四颜色，且在倾斜光学防伪元件时，第四颜色呈现暗色变化的效果，第三颜色保持不变；当透视观察上述光学防伪元件时，区域12不透明，区域11呈现颜色第五颜色。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供一种针对图5所示的光学防伪元件的制作方法，该方法可以包括：提供基材2，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面21和第二表面22，并且所述基材2的至少部分区域是透明的；在所述第一表面21上形成微结构形成层，所述微结构形成层4具有至少区域11和区域12，所述区域12为平坦区域或者包括第一表面微浮雕结构，所述区域11包括第二表面微浮雕结构，所述第一表面微浮雕结构的比体积小于所述第二表面微浮雕结构的比体积；在所述微结构形成层4上沉积反射层5；在所述反射层5上形成保护层6；将前述步骤形成的结构浸入到腐蚀溶液中以使得处于所述第二区域的反射层和保护 层被腐蚀；取出并清洗经腐蚀后的结构；在所述经腐蚀后的结构上所述第一表面的一侧上依次沉积半反半透镀层31、介质层32和半反半透镀层33，其中，所述半反半透镀层31的折射率与消光系数的比值与半反半透镀层33的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
可选的，可以通过物理气相沉积的方法获得半反半透镀层31，在半反半透镀层31上通过物理气相沉积或印刷/涂布的方式获得介质层32，在介质层32上通过物理气相沉积的方法获得半反半透镀层33。
在至少部分可见光谱范围内，半反半透镀层31和半反半透镀层33中一者的折射率与消光系数的比值可以小于0.2而另一者的折射率与消光系数的比值可以大于0.2，且越接近1越好，优选为0.5至2。例如，折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铝、或银等，但是本发明实施例并不限制于此，其可以是折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2的任意材料。折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铬、硅、锌、镍、或钛等，但是本发明实施例并不限制于此，其可以是折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2的任意材料。
为了实现两面观察的特征，半反半透镀层31和半反半透镀层33的具有半反半透的效果，即通过控制半反半透镀层31和半反半透镀层33的厚度，使其在可见光谱范围内反射率与透射率基本相同。由于金属材料具有较高的反射率，因此半反半透材料的金属层厚度一般较薄，小于10nm。
介质层的折射率可选的可以小于1.8，例如其组成材料可以是二氧化硅、氟化镁、冰晶石等材料。这样，半反半透镀层31/介质层32/半反半透镀层33形成“法布里-珀罗”谐振腔结构，可以对可见光中特定的波长进行干涉相长增强，其他波长干涉相消减弱。
制作光学防伪元件时，在区域11和区域12上同时沉积有反射层5，例如反射层5的组成材料可以是金属铝，厚度可以是30nm。在上述反射层5之上通过涂布或印刷的方式覆盖一层保护层6，例如，保护层6的组成材料可以是丙烯酸树脂，厚度可以为约150nm。本发明实施例中，反射层5和保护层6均同形覆盖于微结构形成层上。由于上述区域11与区域12中表面微浮雕结构的比体积(等效于深度)具有较大的区别，保护层6(如，丙烯酸树脂)在涂布或印刷的时候 具有一定的流动性，因此在比体积较小的区域12中，保护层6能够完全覆盖在反射层5之上；而区域11中的表面浮雕微结构的比体积较大，因此保护层6通过流平作用堆积在表面微浮雕结构的底端，有一部分反射层6是裸露在外的。当上述结构通过腐蚀溶液，例如热碱液时，区域11的反射层被腐蚀，而区域12的反射层被保护得以保留。因此可以形成在区域11无反射层和保护层，而区域12具有反射层和保护层的结构。
在本发明实施例中，半反半透层31的厚度可以是7nm且组成材料可以是铝，介质层32的厚度可以是400nm且组成材料可以是氟化镁，半反半透层33的厚度可以是7nm且组成材料可以是锌。区域11中表面微浮雕结构的特征宽度(微浮雕结构的单元在水平面投影的宽度)可以为15μm，特征高度(微浮雕结构的单元的高度)为3μm。区域12中表面微浮雕结构的特征宽度为7μm，特征高度为0.7μm。反射层5可以是厚度可以是30nm且组成材料可以是金属铝。保护层6的厚度可以是150nm且组成材料可以是丙烯酸树脂。
从基材第二表面22一侧观察时，上述光学防伪元件1’的区域11的通过微结构调制的光变镀层3’被观察到，并呈现蓝色，区域12由于表面微浮雕结构上沉积反射层铝，因此呈现金属铝的颜色；从基材第一表面21观察时，区域11呈现金色，与从另一侧观察时颜色不同，而区域12上由于多层光变镀层3’具有反射层5(铝，厚度为30nm)/保护层6(丙烯酸酯，厚度为150nm)/半反半透层31(铝，厚度为7nm)/介质层32(氟化镁，厚度为400nm)/半反半透层33(锌，厚度为7nm)，呈现黄绿色。因此，在不同观察方向，不同位置，能够实现4种颜色的配合。
上述光学防伪元件中，保护层6的厚度是可以变化的。一方面，保护层是为了区分将区域1的微结构上光变镀层3与区域2微结构上光变镀层3对腐蚀溶液的保护速度，以形成一侧被腐蚀，另一侧被保护的效果。同时，由于保护层6的厚度能够影响颜色1，因此，需要控制保护层6的厚度，同时实现保护性能和符合要求的颜色。
如图6所示为保护层6的厚度对多层光变镀层3’的外观颜色的影响，从图中可见，整体随着保护层6厚度的增加，多层光变镀层3’的颜色会发生明显的变化，在50nm至400nm的变化范围内能够实现橙红色-金色-黄色-黄绿色的变化。 因此，在反射层、半反半透层和介质层的厚度确定的前提下，以及能够实现良好的镂空效果的前提下，可以通过调节保护层6的厚度调制多层光变镀层3’的颜色。
通过适当排布微结构形成层4中的微结构，能够实现动感、立体浮雕、图像转换等效果。同时，由于区域11和区域12通过两区域之上的微结构的差异导致对腐蚀溶液的不同腐蚀速度的差别获得，因此区域11和区域12上的镀层能够严格的定位于上述两个区域，即具有大的比体积微结构的区域11之上只有双面观察光变镀层3(半反半透镀层31/介质层32/半反半透镀层33)，而无其他镀层；具有小的比体积微结构的区域12之上只有多层光变镀层3’(反射层5/保护层6/半反半透镀层31/介质层32/半反半透镀层33)，而无其他镀层。这样，不同区域的限定了不同的动态、立体特征和不同的颜色特征，且上述各种光学特征相互不存在干扰，严格限定在上述各自的区域中。
图7(a)示出了根据本发明又一实施例的光学防伪产品的剖面示意图。如图7(a)所示，本发明实施例提供的光学防伪产品0’可以包括如图5所示的光学防伪元件和承载物7，承载物7’具有第一表面7’1和第二表面7’2，光学防伪元件覆盖在承载物的第一表面7’1之上。承载物7’可以是透明的，例如可以是透明的塑料承载物。光学防伪元件中，区域11具有相对大“比体积”的微结构，该微结构上依次形成有半反半透层31、介质层32和半反半透层33；区域12具有相对小“比体积”的微结构，该微结构上依次形成有反射层5、保护层6、半反半透层31、介质层32和半反半透层33。光学防伪元件和承载物7’之间可以通过粘结胶9粘结在一起，粘结胶9可以是透明的、半透明的、或至少部分透明的。
在本发明实施例中，半反半透层31的厚度可以是6nm且组成材料可以是铝，介质层32的厚度可以是402nm且组成材料可以是氟化镁，半反半透层33的厚度可以是7nm且组成材料可以是铬。反射层5可以是厚度可以是30nm且组成材料可以是金属铝。保护层6的厚度可以是150nm且组成材料可以是聚丙烯酸酯。
进一步参考图7(a)，光学防伪元件还可以包括镂空区域13，区域11与区域12的范围由镂空区域13限定。镂空区域13中包含镂空微结构41，微结构41具有比区域11和区域12的微结构更高的深宽比或者更大的比体积，从而在半反半透镀层33上形成保护层并进行多层光变镀层或反射层的镂空时，区域13 能够被精确镂空而区域11的多层光变镀层、区域12的多层光变镀层和反射层能够被精准保留。
进一步可选的，在光学防伪元件的表面可以覆盖有产品保护层62，以避免外界污染物对产品的污染损坏，且该产品保护层62的折射率与微结构形成层4的折射率可相同或接近。当产品保护层62覆盖在镂空区域13的镂空微结构41上时，由于两者折射率相同或相近，因此两者之间的界面不复存在，从保护层62一侧观察时镂空区域13呈现完全透明的效果。
图7(b)为从承载物7’的第一表面7’1一侧观察时的情况，图7(c)为从承载物7’的第二表面7’2一侧观察时的情况。图7(a)为图7(b)虚线处的截面情况。从承载物7’的第二表面7’2一侧观察时，区域11呈现蓝色的数字“10”，当前后倾斜承载物时，光斑呈现从上向下的动态特征，且颜色发生变化；区域12的“花朵”图案呈现金属铝色的浮雕效果，倾斜承载物时颜色不发生变化。从塑料承载物7’的第一表面7’1一侧观察时，区域11呈现金黄色的数字“10”，当前后倾斜承载物时，光斑呈现从下向上的动态特征，且颜色发生变化，变为绿色；区域12的“花朵”图案呈现黄绿色的浮雕效果，倾斜承载物时颜色会发生变化。
本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件由于具有两面观察不同颜色的特点，拓宽了观察方式，可以应用于能够两面观察的场景中。传统的安全线、宽条等产品应用于钞票中，只有一面能够被观察中观察到，另一面被承载物(例如纸)所遮挡；并且由于另一面的颜色与被观察的一面颜色相同(全息的情况)或只有反射层(例如，铝)的颜色(光变膜的情况)，因此也不能给观察者带来更多的吸引或震撼。而采用本发明实施例所述的两面具有不同颜色且倾斜时具有颜色变化的光学防伪元件，能够实现两面观察，并且能够应用于多种场景中，如用于纸基、塑料基承载物的钞票、有价证券等领域。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明实施例的可选实施方式，但是，本发明实施例并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明实施例的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明实施例的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明实施例的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征， 在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明实施例对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
本领域技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，该程序存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得单片机、芯片或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
此外，本发明实施例的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明实施例的思想，其同样应当视为本发明实施例所公开的内容。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种光学防伪元件，包括：
    基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；以及
    依次沉积于所述第一表面上的第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
  2. 一种光学防伪元件，包括：
    基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；
    形成于所述第一表面上的微结构形成层，所述微结构形成层具有至少第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域为平坦区域或者包括第一表面微浮雕结构，所述第二区域包括第二表面微浮雕结构，所述第一表面微浮雕结构的比体积小于所述第二表面微浮雕结构的比体积；
    依次同形覆盖于所述第一区域上的反射层、保护层、第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，所述第一半反半透镀层、所述介质层和所述第二半反半透镀层还依次同形覆盖于所述第二区域上，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光学防伪元件，其中，在至少部分可见光谱范围内，所述第一半反半透镀层和所述第二半反半透镀层中一者的折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2，而另一者的折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2，优选为0.5至2。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光学防伪元件，其中，
    折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铝、或银；和/或
    折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铬、硅、锌、镍、或钛。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光学防伪元件，其中，所述介质层的折射率小于1.8。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的光学防伪元件，其中，在所述反射层、所述第一半反半透镀层、所述介质层和所述第二半反半透镀层的厚度确定的情况下，所述保护层能够具有不同的厚度。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光学防伪元件，其中，所述光学防伪元件还包括镂空区域。
  8. 一种光学防伪元件的制作方法，包括：
    提供基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；以及
    在所述第一表面上依次沉积第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
  9. 一种光学防伪元件的制作方法，包括：
    提供基材，所述基材具有相互对立的第一表面和第二表面，并且所述基材的至少部分区域是透明的；
    在所述第一表面上形成微结构形成层，所述微结构形成层具有至少第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域为平坦区域或者包括第一表面微浮雕结构，所述第二区域包括第二表面微浮雕结构，所述第一表面微浮雕结构的比体积小于所述第二表面微浮雕结构的比体积；
    在所述微结构形成层上沉积反射层；
    在所述反射层上形成保护层；
    将前述步骤形成的结构浸入到腐蚀溶液中以使得处于所述第二区域的反射层和保护层被腐蚀；
    取出并清洗经腐蚀后的结构；
    在所述经腐蚀后的结构上所述第一表面的一侧上依次沉积第一半反半透镀层、介质层和第二半反半透镀层，其中，所述第一半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值与所述第二半反半透镀层的折射率与消光系数的比值不同。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，在至少部分可见光谱范围内，所述第一半反半透镀层和所述第二半反半透镀层中一者的折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2而另一者的折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2，优选为0.5至2。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，
    折射率与消光系数的比值小于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铝、或银；和/或
    折射率与消光系数的比值大于0.2的半反半透镀层的组成材料为以下一者或多者：铬、硅、锌、镍、或钛。
  12. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，所述介质层的折射率小于1.8。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，在所述反射层、所述第一半反半透镀层、所述介质层和所述第二半反半透镀层的厚度确定的情况下，所述保护层能够具有不同的厚度。
  14. 一种光学防伪产品，包括：
    权利要求1至7中任一项所述的光学防伪元件；以及
    承载物，所述光学防伪元件附着于该承载物上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的光学防伪元件，其中，所述承载物是不透明的，并且所述承载物上具有特定形状的孔，以使得所述光学防伪元件的所述第一表面 和所述第二表面能够被观察到。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的光学防伪元件，其中，所述承载物是透明的、半透明的、或至少部分透明的。
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