WO2021039751A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021039751A1 WO2021039751A1 PCT/JP2020/031920 JP2020031920W WO2021039751A1 WO 2021039751 A1 WO2021039751 A1 WO 2021039751A1 JP 2020031920 W JP2020031920 W JP 2020031920W WO 2021039751 A1 WO2021039751 A1 WO 2021039751A1
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 as a cathode active material, the main component of Ni and Li, is represented by the general formula Li x Ni 1-p-q -r Co p Al q A r O 2-y, the average particle size A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a composite oxide composed of single crystal primary particles having a size of 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the positive electrode active material has low reactivity with an electrolytic solution, low internal resistance when used as a battery, and strong against pressure during positive electrode molding. ..
- An object of the present disclosure is to improve charge / discharge cycle characteristics in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a high Ni content as a positive electrode active material.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the positive electrode has an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m as the positive electrode active material.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide (A) having a volume-based median diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, which is a secondary particle in which the above primary particles are aggregated or is composed of substantially a single particle.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide (A) contains 65 mol% or more of Ni with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide (B) contains 70 mol% or more of Ni with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li, and Ti is present on the particle surface of the oxide, and the particle size is large.
- particles larger than the volume-based 70% particle size (D70) are used as the first particles and particles having a particle size smaller than the volume-based 30% particle size (D30) are used as the second particles, the particles on the surface of the second particles.
- the molar ratio of Ti to the total number of moles of the metal element excluding Li (B2) is larger than the molar ratio of Ti to the total number of moles of the metal element excluding Li (B1) on the surface of the first particle.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure has a high energy density and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the present inventors have used the lithium transition metal composite oxides (A) and (B) in combination, and in the composite oxide (B), the second particles having a small particle size.
- the mole fraction of Ti on the surface of the first particle higher than the mole fraction of Ti on the surface of the first particle having a large particle size, we succeeded in achieving both high energy density and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the particle surface of the composite oxide (A) is smooth, each composite oxidation in the composite material layer relaxes the pressure during rolling of the positive electrode mixture layer and the stress due to the volume change of the mixture layer during charge and discharge. It is considered that the material can be filled efficiently. As a result, cracking of the composite oxide particles can be suppressed and the density of the mixture layer can be increased.
- the metal constituting the composite oxide is more likely to be eluted during charging and discharging than in the large particle such as the first particle, and the elution of such metal is the capacity associated with charging and discharging. It is presumed to be one of the causes of the decline.
- the elution of metal is suppressed by the presence of a large amount of Ti on the surface of small particles, and the synergistic action with the above-mentioned relaxation effect results in high energy density and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics. Is considered to have been realized.
- the outer body is not limited to the cylindrical outer can, for example, a square outer can. It may be an exterior body made of a laminated sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer. Further, the electrode body may be a laminated electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated via a separator.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 which is an example of the embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a wound electrode body 14, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and an outer can 16 that houses the electrode body 14 and the electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13, and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound via the separator 13.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container having an opening on one side in the axial direction, and the opening of the outer can 16 is closed by a sealing body 17.
- the battery sealing body 17 side is on the top and the bottom side of the outer can 16 is on the bottom.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these are used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen substituent in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- the electrolyte salt for example, a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 is used.
- the electrolyte is not limited to the liquid electrolyte, and may be a solid electrolyte using a gel polymer or the like.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 constituting the electrode body 14 are all strip-shaped long bodies, and are alternately laminated in the radial direction of the electrode body 14 by being wound in a spiral shape.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed to have a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent precipitation of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (short direction).
- the two separators 13 are formed to have a size at least one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11, and are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11, for example.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 extends to the sealing body 17 side through the through hole of the insulating plate 18, and the negative electrode lead 21 extends to the bottom side of the outer can 16 through the outside of the insulating plate 19.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure the airtightness inside the battery.
- the outer can 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing body 17, with a part of the side surface portion protruding inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16, and the sealing body 17 is supported on the upper surface thereof.
- the sealing body 17 is fixed to the upper part of the outer can 16 by the grooved portion 22 and the open end portion of the outer can 16 crimped to the sealing body 17.
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are laminated in this order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at their respective central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between the respective peripheral portions.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 constituting the electrode body 14 will be described in detail, and in particular, the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode 11 will be described in detail.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a part of a cross section of the positive electrode 11.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode core body 30 and a positive electrode mixture layer 31 provided on the surface of the positive electrode core body 30.
- a metal foil stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11 such as aluminum, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 contains a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive material, and is preferably provided on both sides of the positive electrode core body 30 excluding the portion to which the positive electrode lead 20 is connected.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the like is applied to the surface of the positive electrode core 30, the coating film is dried, and then compressed to compress the positive electrode mixture layer 31.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the like is applied to the surface of the positive electrode core 30, the coating film is dried, and then compressed to compress the positive electrode mixture layer 31.
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite.
- Examples of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimides, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. These resins may be used in combination with cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or salts thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the like.
- the positive electrode 11 is a lithium transition metal composite oxide (A) having a volume-based median diameter (D50) of 0.6 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m and a lithium transition metal composite oxide (B) having a D50 of 6 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m as positive electrode active materials.
- composite oxides (A) and (B) are included as the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 may contain a composite oxide other than the composite oxides (A) and (B), or other compounds, as long as the object of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- the volume-based median diameter (D50) means a particle size in which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smallest particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called a medium diameter.
- the particle size and particle size distribution of the composite oxide can be measured using water as a dispersion medium using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (for example, MT3000II manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.).
- the composite oxide (A) is a secondary particle in which large primary particles having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or more are aggregated, or a composite oxide particle composed of substantially a single particle.
- the composite oxide (A) composed of substantially a single particle means a particle in which the grain boundary of the primary particle cannot be confirmed when observed at an appropriate magnification using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To do.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the composite oxide (A) is a secondary particle
- the average particle size of the primary particle is 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the composite oxide (B) is, for example, a secondary particle formed by aggregating small primary particles having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the composite oxide (A) is a secondary particle
- the grain boundary of the primary particle is confirmed in the particle cross section observed by SEM.
- the composite oxide (A) is composed of 100 or less, several to several tens of primary particles, for example, 2 to 5, and the composite oxide (B) is 10,000 to 5,000,000 primary particles. Consists of.
- the particle size of the primary particles is measured as the ferret diameter of the region (primary particles) surrounded by the grain boundaries in the SEM image of the particle cross section of the composite oxide.
- the average particle size of the primary particles is obtained by averaging the particle sizes of 100 primary particles.
- the composite oxide (A) contains 65 mol% or more of Ni with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li.
- the composite oxide (B) contains 70 mol% or more of Ni with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li.
- a battery having a high energy density can be obtained by using a positive electrode active material having a high Ni content.
- the Ni content of the composite oxide (A) may be lower than the Ni content of the composite oxide (B). Further, Ti is present at least on the particle surface of the composite oxide (B).
- the composite oxides (A) and (B) may contain metal elements other than Li, Ni and Ti.
- the metal element include Co, Mn, Al, Zr, B, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Ca, W, Mo, Nb, Si and the like.
- the compositions of the composite oxides (A) and (B) may be different from each other.
- the composite oxide (A) may or may not contain Ti.
- the composite oxide (B) contains Ti, and the mole fraction of Ti (ratio of the number of moles of Ti) to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li is 0.01 to 0.05. preferable.
- Ti is present on the surface of the secondary particles of the composite oxide (B) as well as on the surface of the primary particles. Further, a part of Ti may also be present inside the primary particles and may form a solid solution together with other metal elements contained in the composite oxide (B).
- the particle surface of the composite oxide (A) is smoother than the particle surface of the composite oxide (B).
- the circularity of the composite oxide (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.9 or less. The circularity can be calculated by the following formula based on a particle image taken by irradiating a sample stream containing composite oxide particles with strobe light.
- Circularity (peripheral length of a circle having the same area as the particle image) / (peripheral length of the particle image)
- a compound such as boron oxide may be present as a thin coating layer in a form that does not impair the smoothness of the particle surface.
- the compressive strength of the composite oxide (A) may be, for example, 250 MPa or more, or 350 MPa or more. In this case, as compared with the case where the above range is not satisfied, the cracking of particles due to charge / discharge is suppressed, which contributes to the improvement of charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the upper limit of the compressive strength of the composite oxide (A) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1500 MPa or less.
- the compressive strength of the composite oxide (A) is measured by the method specified in JIS-R1639-5.
- the composite oxide (A) can be produced, for example, by the following procedure.
- a lithium compound such as lithium hydroxide and an oxide containing nickel and the above-exemplified metal element are mixed at a mixing ratio based on the target composite oxide (A).
- a potassium compound is further added to the mixture.
- a mixture containing a lithium compound, an oxide containing nickel and a metal element, and a potassium compound, or a sodium compound is fired in the air or an oxygen stream.
- the obtained fired product is washed with water to remove the potassium compound or sodium compound adhering to the surface of the fired product.
- the composite oxide (A) is synthesized by the above method. Although the detailed theory of increasing the particle size of the primary particles is not clear, it is considered that when a potassium compound is added to the above mixture, the growth of the single crystal particles during firing proceeds uniformly throughout the mixture phase. ..
- the firing temperature in the above step is, for example, 600 ° C. to 1050 ° C., and the higher the temperature, the larger the primary particles tend to be.
- the firing time is about 1 to 100 hours when the firing temperature is 600 to 1050 ° C.
- the composite oxide (A) can also be obtained by crystal growth with an oxide having a low melting point such as Na or K on the premise that the flux compound is removed by washing with water or the like.
- the potassium compound include potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a salt thereof, potassium acetate and the like.
- the potassium compound is added in an amount of 0.1 to 100% by mass or less with respect to the composite oxide (A) to be synthesized, for example.
- the composite oxide (B) particles having a particle size larger than the volume-based 70% particle size (D70) are referred to as first particles, and particles having a particle size smaller than the volume-based 30% particle size (D30) are referred to as second particles.
- the molar fraction (B2) of Ti with respect to the total number of moles of the metal element excluding Li on the surface of the second particle is the mole of Ti with respect to the total number of moles of the metal element excluding Li on the surface of the first particle. It is characterized in that it is larger than the fraction (B1).
- the ratio (B2 / B1) of the mole fraction (B2) of Ti on the surface of the second particle to the mole fraction (B1) of Ti on the surface of the first particle is 1 or more. It is a particle that becomes.
- D70 means a particle size in which the cumulative frequency is 70% from the smallest particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- D30 means a particle size in which the cumulative frequency is 30% from the smallest particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- D70 is 9 ⁇ m to 19 ⁇ m and D30 is 3 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m.
- the mole fraction of the metal element present on the particle surface of the composite oxide (B) is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- D70 means a particle size in which the cumulative frequency is 70% from the smallest particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- D30 means a particle size in which the cumulative frequency is 30% from the smallest particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- D70 is 9 ⁇ m to 19 ⁇ m and D30 is 3 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m.
- B1 and B2 are mole fractions of Ti obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By setting the X-ray irradiation spot diameter to 1 mm ⁇ or more, hundreds of lithium transition metal composite oxide particles are contained in the irradiation spot, so that the surfaces of the first particle and the second particle are respectively. The average value of the mole fraction of Ti, that is, B1 and B2 can be measured.
- the first particles have the mole fraction (B1) of Ti on the particle surface. It may contain particles that are equal to or higher than the mole fraction (B2) of the two particles. Further, the second particle may include particles in which the mole fraction (B2) of Ti on the particle surface is lower than the mole fraction (B1) of the first particle. Further, B1> 0, and Ti is present on the surface of both the first particle and the second particle.
- Ti exists mainly in the state of lithium titanate represented by Li x T y Oz.
- x, y, z are, for example, 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 5, 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 12.
- a Ti compound such as titanium oxide (TIO 2 ) is used as the Ti source, and Li x T y Oz is produced by reacting with Li existing on the particle surface during firing.
- Lithium titanate may be formed so as to cover the entire surface of the secondary particles, or may be scattered on the surface of the particles.
- lithium titanate When lithium titanate is in the form of particles, its particle size is generally smaller than the particle size of the primary particles constituting the composite oxide (B).
- the particles of lithium titanate can be confirmed by SEM. Lithium titanate preferably adheres to a wide range without being unevenly distributed on a part of the surface of the primary particles constituting the composite oxide (B).
- the ratio (B2 / B1) of the mole fraction (B2) of Ti on the surface of the second particle to the mole fraction (B1) of Ti on the surface of the first particle is preferably 1.10 or more, more preferably 1. It is .15 or more, particularly preferably 1.20 or more. In particular, when B2 / B1 ⁇ 1.20, the capacity decrease due to charging / discharging can be suppressed to a higher degree.
- the upper limit of B2 / B1 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1.50.
- Ti may also be present inside the primary particles and may be solid-solved with a transition metal element such as Ni.
- the mole fraction of Ti with respect to the solid-dissolved metal element can be confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in the cross section of the primary particles.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the composite oxide (B) has a solid solution state and the total number of moles of Ti of lithium titanate present on the surface is 0.01 to 0.05 with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li. preferable.
- the ratio of the mole fraction of Ti existing on the particle surface to the mole fraction of Ti of the entire particle (Mole fraction of Ti on the particle surface / Mole fraction of Ti of the entire particle). ) Is larger in the second particle than in the first particle. That is, the second particle contains many particles whose ratio is larger than that of the first particle. In this case, the capacity decrease due to charging / discharging can be suppressed to a higher degree.
- the composite oxide (B) can be produced, for example, by the following procedure.
- Lithium-nickel composite oxides having different D50s are obtained by adding a Li source such as lithium hydroxide to two types of nickel compounds having at least Ni and not containing Li and Ti and having different D50s.
- X1 and (X2) are combined.
- An example of a nickel compound is a composite oxide or hydroxide containing Ni, Co and Mn.
- one type of lithium nickel composite oxide may be classified to obtain two types of lithium nickel composite oxides having different D50s.
- a conventionally known method can be applied to the classification.
- a Ti source is added to each of the lithium nickel composite oxides (X1) and (X2), Ti is composited on the particle surface, and then fired to obtain the lithium transition metal composite oxide (Y1), ( Y2) is obtained. Then, the composite oxide (Y1) and (Y2) are mixed to obtain the composite oxide (B).
- An example of a Ti source is titanium oxide (TIO 2 ).
- a dry particle compositing device for example, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd., NOB-130) or the like is used. At this time, a Li source such as lithium hydroxide may be added together with the Ti source.
- the firing temperature in the above step (2) is, for example, 550 ° C. to 750 ° C., and the lower the temperature, the larger the amount of lithium titanate formed on the surface of the primary particles, and the smaller the solid solution amount of Ti. There is a tendency.
- the amount of Ti added to the small particles larger than the amount of Ti added to the large particles, the state of B1 ⁇ B2 can be obtained. Further, the state of B1 ⁇ B2 can also be obtained by lowering the firing temperature of the small particles to be lower than the firing temperature of the large particles.
- the positive electrode active material is a mixture of the composite oxide (A) and the composite oxide (B).
- the content of the composite oxide (A) with respect to the mass of the positive electrode active material is, for example, 5 to 65% by mass, preferably 10 to 60% by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 55% by mass.
- the content of the composite oxide (B) with respect to the mass of the positive electrode active material is, for example, 35 to 95% by mass, preferably 40 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 45 to 80% by mass.
- the density of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is preferably 3.55 g / cc or more, and more preferably 3.60 g / cc or more.
- the mixing ratio of the composite oxides (A) and (B) is within the above range, the packing property of the particles is improved, the packing density of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 can be increased, the energy density is high, and charging / discharging is performed. A battery with excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode core body and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode core body.
- a metal foil stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12 such as copper, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material and a binder, and is preferably provided on both sides of the negative electrode core body excluding the portion to which the negative electrode lead 21 is connected, for example.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and the like is applied to the surface of the negative electrode core, the coating film is dried, and then compressed to form a negative electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode core. It can be produced by forming it on both sides.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a carbon-based active material that reversibly occludes and releases lithium ions as a negative electrode active material.
- Suitable carbon-based active materials are natural graphite such as scaly graphite, massive graphite, earthy graphite, and graphite such as artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
- a Si-based active material composed of at least one of Si and a Si-containing compound may be used, or a carbon-based active material and a Si-based active material may be used in combination.
- the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer fluororesin, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin or the like can be used as in the case of the positive electrode 11, but styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is used. Is preferable.
- the negative electrode mixture layer preferably further contains CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like. Above all, it is preferable to use SBR in combination with CMC or a salt thereof, PAA or a salt thereof.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating property is used as the separator 13.
- the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose and the like are suitable.
- the separator 13 may have either a single-layer structure or a laminated structure. A heat-resistant layer or the like may be formed on the surface of the separator.
- Example 1 [Preparation of composite oxide A] A nickel cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide having a D50 of 15 ⁇ m and a composition of Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 obtained by coprecipitation was fired at 500 ° C. to perform nickel cobalt manganese composite oxidation. I got the thing (Z1).
- lithium hydroxide and nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide (Z1) are mixed so that the molar ratio of the total amounts of Li and Ni, Co, and Mn is 1.05: 1, and the mixture is further mixed. 20% by mass of a potassium compound was added to Z1. This mixture was calcined at 750 ° C. for 72 hours in an oxygen atmosphere, then pulverized and washed with water to remove the potassium compound to obtain a lithium composite oxide (Z2), which was obtained as composite oxide A.
- the composition of the composite oxide A by ICP As a result of analyzing the composition of the composite oxide A by ICP, it was Li 1.01 Ni 0.80 Co 0.10 Mn 0.10 O 2 .
- the average secondary particle size (D50) of the composite oxide A was 2.3 ⁇ m.
- the average primary particle size of the composite oxide A was 1.4 ⁇ m. About 95% or more of the total particles of the composite oxide A had a single particle structure, and the rest had a pseudo-aggregated structure in which 3 to 10 or more primary particles were bonded.
- a cobalt-manganese composite oxide (Y1) was obtained.
- lithium hydroxide and nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide (X1) having a large average particle size are mixed so that the molar ratio of the total amounts of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn is 1.08: 1, respectively. did.
- This mixture was calcined at 700 ° C. for 8 hours in an oxygen atmosphere and then pulverized to obtain a lithium composite oxide (X2) having a large average particle size.
- lithium hydroxide and nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide (Y1) having a small average particle size were mixed so that the molar ratio of the total amounts of Li, Ni, Co, and Al was 1.08: 1, respectively. ..
- This mixture was calcined at 700 ° C. for 8 hours in an oxygen atmosphere and then pulverized to obtain a lithium composite oxide (Y2) having a small average particle size.
- the lithium composite oxide (Y2) having a small average particle size and TiO 2 are dry-mixed so that the total amount of Ni, Co and Mn and the molar ratio of Ti in TiO 2 are 1: 0.025. Then, Ti was compounded on the particle surface. This mixture was calcined at 700 ° C. for 8 hours in an oxygen atmosphere and then pulverized to obtain a lithium composite oxide (Y3) in which Ti was present on the particle surface.
- Ti present on the particle surface can be quantified by XPS, and solid solution Ti can be quantified by EDS. It can be confirmed by XRD, XPS, XAFS and the like that Ti exists in the state of lithium titanium oxide on the particle surface.
- the mole fraction of Ti in each particle was determined by XPS.
- the composition of the composite oxide B by ICP it was Li 1.01 Ni 0.81 Co 0.10 Mn 0.06 Ti 0.02 O 2 .
- the particle size distribution of the composite oxide B was 12 ⁇ m for D50, 14 ⁇ m for D70, and 10 ⁇ m for D30.
- the average primary particle size of the composite oxide B was 0.13 ⁇ m.
- the lithium composite oxide (X3) and (Y3) are mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1, and the lithium composite oxide (Z2) is further mixed so as to have an amount of 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material. , Positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) are mixed at a solid content mass ratio of 96.3: 2.5: 1.2, and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is added. After the addition, this was kneaded to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of the positive electrode core made of aluminum foil, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled using a roller and cut to a predetermined electrode size to form the positive electrode core. A positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer formed on both sides was obtained. An exposed portion where the surface of the positive electrode core was exposed was provided on a part of the positive electrode.
- Natural graphite was used as the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were mixed in an aqueous solution at a solid content mass ratio of 100: 1: 1 to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of the negative electrode core made of copper foil, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled using a roller and cut to a predetermined electrode size to form the negative electrode core.
- a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer formed on both sides was obtained.
- An exposed portion where the surface of the negative electrode core was exposed was provided on a part of the negative electrode.
- Lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- An aluminum lead is attached to the exposed portion of the positive electrode, and a nickel lead is attached to the exposed portion of the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are spirally wound via a polyolefin separator, and then press-molded in the radial direction to form a flat shape.
- a wound electrode body was produced. This electrode body is housed in an exterior body made of an aluminum laminated sheet, and after injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, the opening of the exterior body is sealed to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a design capacity of 650 mAh. It was.
- Example 2 In the preparation of the composite oxide B, the lithium composite oxide (Y2) having a small average particle size and TiO 2 , the total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn, and the molar ratio of Ti in TiO 2 are 1: 0.023.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the batteries were mixed so as to be.
- Example 3 In the preparation of the composite oxide B, the lithium composite oxide (Y2) having a small average particle size and TiO 2 , the total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn and the molar ratio of Ti in TiO 2 are 1: 0.015.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the batteries were mixed so as to be.
- Example 4 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite oxide A was mixed so as to have an amount of 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Example 5 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite oxide A was mixed so as to be 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Example 6 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite oxide A was mixed so as to have an amount of 30% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Example 7 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite oxide A was mixed so as to have an amount of 55% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Example 8> A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite oxide A was mixed so as to be 7% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Example 9 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite oxide A was mixed so as to be 60% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Example 3 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite oxide A was not used as the positive electrode active material (composite oxide B was 100%).
- Table 1 shows the surface of the second particle (small particle) with respect to the mole fraction (B1) of the metal element (Me) added to the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide and the surface of the first particle (large particle). (B2 / B1) and the ratio of the mole fraction of Ti existing on the particle surface to the mole fraction of Ti of the whole particle (LiMe amount / Me amount of the whole particle). However, which of the first particle and the second particle is larger is shown.
- Capacity retention rate (%) (150th cycle discharge capacity ⁇ 1st cycle discharge capacity) x 100 [Evaluation of filling property of positive electrode mixture layer]
- strip-shaped electrode plates (thickness 200 ⁇ m) having a total length of 1 m and having a mixture layer formed on both sides were prepared.
- This electrode plate was compressed using a rolling mill having a roll diameter of 750 mm (manufactured by NAKNOR) by changing the compression conditions (gap value), and punched to ⁇ 40 mm after compression.
- Table 1 shows the packing densities of each electrode plate under compression conditions in which the amount of plate elongation was 1%.
- the one having a high filling density of the positive electrode mixture layer has a filling property of ⁇
- the one having a low packing density has a filling property of ⁇ .
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 Positive electrode 12 Negative electrode 13 Separator 14 Electrode body 16 Exterior can 17 Sealing body 18, 19 Insulation plate 20 Positive electrode lead 21 Negative electrode lead 22 Grooved part 23 Internal terminal plate 24 Lower valve body 25 Insulation member 26 Upper valve Body 27 Cap 28 Gasket 30 Positive electrode core 31 Positive electrode mixture layer
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Abstract
Description
図2は、正極11の断面の一部を示す図である。図2に例示するように、正極11は、正極芯体30と、正極芯体30の表面に設けられた正極合材層31とを有する。正極芯体30には、アルミニウムなどの正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層31は、正極活物質、結着材、及び導電材を含み、正極リード20が接続される部分を除く正極芯体30の両面に設けられることが好ましい。正極11は、例えば正極芯体30の表面に正極活物質、結着材、及び導電材等を含む正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合材層31を正極芯体30の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
なお、複合酸化物(A)の粒子表面には、例えばホウ素酸化物などの化合物が粒子表面の平滑性を損なわない形態で、例えば薄い被覆層として存在してもよい。
負極12は、負極芯体と、負極芯体の表面に設けられた負極合材層とを有する。負極芯体には、銅などの負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層は、負極活物質及び結着材を含み、例えば負極リード21が接続される部分を除く負極芯体の両面に設けられることが好ましい。負極12は、例えば負極芯体の表面に負極活物質、及び結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合材層を負極芯体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ13の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータの表面には、耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
[複合酸化物Aの作製]
共沈により得られた、D50が15μmで組成がNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を500℃で焼成して、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物(Z1)を得た。
共沈により得られた、D50が14μmで組成がNi0.84Co0.10Mn0.005(OH)2のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物と、D50が10μmで組成がNi0.84Co0.10Mn0.06(OH)2のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物をそれぞれ500℃で焼成して、平均粒径の大きいニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物(X1)と、平均粒径の小さいニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物(Y1)を得た。
上記正極活物質と、アセチレンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を、96.3:2.5:1.2の固形分質量比で混合し、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えた後、これを混練して正極合材スラリーを調製した。当該正極合材スラリーをアルミニウム箔からなる正極芯体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、ローラーを用いて塗膜を圧延し、所定の電極サイズに切断して、正極芯体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を得た。なお、正極の一部に正極芯体の表面が露出した露出部を設けた。
負極活物質として天然黒鉛を用いた。負極活物質と、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC-Na)と、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)を、100:1:1の固形分質量比で水溶液中において混合し、負極合材スラリーを調製した。当該負極合材スラリーを銅箔からなる負極芯体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、ローラーを用いて塗膜を圧延し、所定の電極サイズに切断して、負極芯体の両面に負極合材層が形成された負極を得た。なお、負極の一部に負極芯体の表面が露出した露出部を設けた。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を、3:3:4の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に対して、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.0モル/リットルの濃度で溶解した。さらに、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を上記混合溶媒に対して2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた非水電解液を調製した。
上記正極の露出部にアルミニウムリードを、上記負極の露出部にニッケルリードをそれぞれ取り付け、ポリオレフィン製のセパレータを介して正極と負極を渦巻き状に巻回した後、径方向にプレス成形して扁平状の巻回型電極体を作製した。この電極体をアルミラミネートシートで構成される外装体内に収容し、上記非水電解液を注入した後、外装体の開口部を封止して、設計容量650mAhの非水電解質二次電池を得た。
複合酸化物Bの作製において、平均粒子径の小さいリチウム複合酸化物(Y2)と、TiO2を、Ni、Co、Mnの総量と、TiO2中のTiのモル比が、1:0.023になるように混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
複合酸化物Bの作製において、平均粒子径の小さいリチウム複合酸化物(Y2)と、TiO2を、Ni、Co、Mnの総量と、TiO2中のTiのモル比が、1:0.015になるように混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質の総質量に対して10質量%の量となるように複合酸化物Aを混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質の総質量に対して20質量%の量となるように複合酸化物Aを混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質の総質量に対して30質量%の量となるように複合酸化物Aを混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質の総質量に対して55質量%の量となるように複合酸化物Aを混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質の総質量に対して7質量%の量となるように複合酸化物Aを混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質の総質量に対して60質量%の量となるように複合酸化物Aを混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質として複合酸化物Aを使用せず(複合酸化物Bが100%)、複合酸化物Bの作製において、D50が14μmのNi0.84Co0.10Mn0.06(OH)2のニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物を用いて、Tiを混合せずに複合酸化物を合成したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質として複合酸化物Aを使用せず(複合酸化物Bが100%)、複合酸化物Bの作製において、平均粒径の大きいリチウム複合酸化物(X2)のみと、酸化チタン(TiO2)を、Ni、Co、Mnの総量と、TiO2中のTiのモル比が、1:0.02になるように乾式混合し、粒子表面にTiを複合化させたリチウム複合酸化物X3のみ用いて作製したこと(B2/B1=1.00)以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質として複合酸化物Aを使用しなかったこと(複合酸化物Bが100%)以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実施例及び比較例の各電池を、60℃の温度環境下、0.5Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、4.2Vで電流値が1/50Itになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.5Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。この充放電サイクルを150サイクル繰り返した。
実施例及び比較例の各電池について、上記サイクル試験の1サイクル目の放電容量と、150サイクル目の放電容量を求め、下記式により容量維持率を算出した。
[正極合材層の充填性の評価]
実施例及び比較例で作成した各正極について、それぞれ合材層が両面に形成された全長1mの短冊状の充填性評価用極板(厚み200μm)を作製した。この極板を、ロール径750mmの圧延機(NAKNOR社製)を用いて、圧縮条件(ギャップ値)を変更して圧縮し、圧縮後にΦ40mmに打ち抜いた。各極板について、極板伸び量が1%となった圧縮条件における充填密度を表1に記載した。表1では、正極合材層の充填密度が高かったものを充填性〇、低かったものを充填性×としている。
11 正極
12 負極
13 セパレータ
14 電極体
16 外装缶
17 封口体
18,19 絶縁板
20 正極リード
21 負極リード
22 溝入部
23 内部端子板
24 下弁体
25 絶縁部材
26 上弁体
27 キャップ
28 ガスケット
30 正極芯体
31 正極合材層
Claims (5)
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備え、
前記正極は、前記正極活物質として、平均粒径が0.5μm以上の1次粒子が凝集した2次粒子であるか、又は実質的に単一の粒子で構成される、体積基準のメジアン径(D50)が0.6μm~3μmのリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(A)と、平均粒径が0.3μm以下の1次粒子が凝集した2次粒子である、体積基準のメジアン径(D50)が6μm~25μmのリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(B)とを含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(A)は、Liを除く金属元素の総モル数に対して65モル%以上のNiを含有し、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(B)は、Liを除く金属元素の総モル数に対して70モル%以上のNiを含有すると共に、当該酸化物の粒子表面にはTiが存在し、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(B)について、粒径が体積基準の70%粒径(D70)より大きな粒子を第1粒子、粒径が体積基準の30%粒径(D30)より小さな粒子を第2粒子としたとき、
前記第2粒子の表面における、Liを除く金属元素の総モル数に対するTiのモル分率(B2)は、前記第1粒子の表面における、Liを除く金属元素の総モル数に対するTiのモル分率(B1)よりも大きい、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質の質量に対するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(A)の含有率は、20~55質量%である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(A)及び(B)は、一般式LiaNibCocMndTieOf(式中、0.8≦a≦1.2、b≧0.70、c≦0.10、0.03≦d≦0.12、0.01≦e≦0.05、1≦f≦2、b+c+d+e=1)で表される複合酸化物である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質を含む正極合材層の密度は、3.55g/cc以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記第1粒子の表面におけるTiのモル分率(B1)に対する、前記第2粒子の表面におけるTiのモル分率(B2)の比率は1.2以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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| US17/637,723 US12597604B2 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-25 | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| CN202080059342.4A CN114342112B (zh) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-25 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
| EP20858407.8A EP4024528B1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2020-08-25 | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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| EP4261951A1 (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-10-18 | Prime Planet Energy & Solutions, Inc. | Positive electrode active material, positive electrode, and lithium-ion battery |
| WO2024181333A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-09-06 | パナソニックエナジー株式会社 | 二次電池 |
| JP2025501771A (ja) * | 2022-08-04 | 2025-01-23 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | リチウム二次電池、電池モジュール、および電池パック |
| JP2025086907A (ja) * | 2023-11-28 | 2025-06-09 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用正極、およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
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| US12597604B2 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2026-04-07 | Panasonic Holdings Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JP6734491B1 (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-08-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 全固体リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、電極及び全固体リチウムイオン電池 |
| JP7405655B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-17 | 2023-12-26 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
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| JP7801458B2 (ja) | 2022-08-04 | 2026-01-16 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | リチウム二次電池、電池モジュール、および電池パック |
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| WO2024181333A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-09-06 | パナソニックエナジー株式会社 | 二次電池 |
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| JPWO2021039751A1 (ja) | 2021-03-04 |
| CN114342112B (zh) | 2024-10-22 |
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| US20220285678A1 (en) | 2022-09-08 |
| US12597604B2 (en) | 2026-04-07 |
| CN114342112A (zh) | 2022-04-12 |
| EP4024528A4 (en) | 2022-10-12 |
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| EP4024528A1 (en) | 2022-07-06 |
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