WO2021041984A1 - High power low frequency coils - Google Patents

High power low frequency coils Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021041984A1
WO2021041984A1 PCT/US2020/048630 US2020048630W WO2021041984A1 WO 2021041984 A1 WO2021041984 A1 WO 2021041984A1 US 2020048630 W US2020048630 W US 2020048630W WO 2021041984 A1 WO2021041984 A1 WO 2021041984A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
winding
wire
coil form
spacer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/US2020/048630
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French (fr)
Inventor
Kirkwood Rough
Aaron Cuttino
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Comet Technologies USA Inc
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Comet Technologies USA Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comet Technologies USA Inc filed Critical Comet Technologies USA Inc
Priority to EP20859074.5A priority Critical patent/EP4022656A4/en
Priority to JP2022513551A priority patent/JP7763162B2/en
Priority to CN202080052752.6A priority patent/CN114144853B/en
Priority to KR1020227001279A priority patent/KR102884261B1/en
Publication of WO2021041984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021041984A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2025135313A priority patent/JP2025179081A/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H01F27/2828—Construction of conductive connections, of leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/006—Details of transformers or inductances, in general with special arrangement or spacing of turns of the winding(s), e.g. to produce desired self-resonance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/324—Insulation between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil; Other insulation structures
    • H01F27/325—Coil bobbins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00
    • H01F37/005—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00 without magnetic core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/06—Coil winding
    • H01F41/064—Winding non-flat conductive wires, e.g. rods, cables or cords
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
    • H01J37/321—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being inductively coupled to the plasma
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
    • H01J37/321—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being inductively coupled to the plasma
    • H01J37/3211—Antennas, e.g. particular shapes of coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
    • H01J37/32174—Circuits specially adapted for controlling the RF discharge
    • H01J37/32183—Matching circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma

Definitions

  • FIG. 8 is an elevated perspective schematic representation of a coil in Figure 7 in a coil block according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a trifilar inductor according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Typical cylindrical single layer coils may have a number of issues and limitations in use. For example, typical cylindrical single layer coils may have a reduced Q factor when the length is greater than the diameter. Additionally, such coils have experienced poor cooling due to trapped air adjacent to the cylinder coil form when wound on a dielectric cylinder. Coils may also have a relatively long magnetic field return path that may result in high coupling coefficient to aluminum shield housing walls that produce eddy losses that result in lower Q values. Typical coils may also have lower inductance per unit length of wire that may result in lower Q values. Such coils may also have less predictable manufacturing tolerances.
  • coil 200 includes coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. As illustrated, coil form extensions 210 project radially outward from coil form center 215. One or more spacers 220/222 may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward.
  • Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205.
  • Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220.
  • Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
  • Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205.
  • Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220.
  • Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
  • Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205.
  • Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220.
  • Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
  • Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205.
  • Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220.
  • Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
  • Wire 225 may pass through a respective set of grooves 223 that are formed in coil form 205, inward spacer 220, and outward spacer 222.
  • the method may further include returning (block 310) the wire to the central portion of the coil form center of the coil form.
  • the wire may thereby return to the central portion at a location on the same side as where the first winding started.
  • the final location of the first winding, while on the same side of the coil form, may be located longitudinally at a different location with respect to the aperture the wire initially passed through.
  • advantages of the present disclosure may provide reduced losses in voltage and current at high power.
  • the reduced loss in voltage and current at high power may thereby result in an increased quality factor relative to typical cylindrical single layer coils.
  • advantages of the present disclosure may provide increased airflow around the inductor wire for improved cooling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Coil Winding Methods And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

A coil having a coil body and a plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire disposed around the coil body, the wire having a spacing between adjacent turns of about.25 to 1.0 of the radius of the wire. Also, a coil for a plasma processing device, the coil having a coil body and a plurality of concentric cylindrical cross-section windings of wire disposed around the coil body, the wire having a spacing between adjacent turns of about.25 to 1.0 of the radius of the wire and a diameter to length ratio of between about 2:1 and about 3:1.

Description

HIGH POWER LOW FREQUENCY COILS
HIGH POWER LOW FREQUENCY COILS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/893,066 filed August 28, 2019 and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No.17/006,693 filed August 28, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Radio frequency (RF) Plasma-enhanced processing is extensively used in semiconductor manufacturing to etch different types of films, deposit thin films at low to intermediate processing temperatures and perform surface treatment and cleaning. Characteristic of such processes is the employment of a plasma, i.e., a partially ionized gas, that is used to generate neutral species and ions from precursors inside a reaction chamber, provide energy for ion bombardment, and/or perform other actions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] The present disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying Figures. It is emphasized that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.
[0004] FIG.1 is a schematic representation of a RF plasma processing system according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0005] FIG. 2 is a side view of a coil according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0006] FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the coil of FIG. 2 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0007] FIG. 4 is an end view of the coil of FIG. 2 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0008] FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of the coil of FIG. 2 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [0009] FIG. 6 is a side view of the coil of FIG. 2 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0010] FIG. 7 is a side view of a coil in a coil block according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 8 is an elevated perspective schematic representation of a coil in Figure 7 in a coil block according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a coil according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a trifilar inductor according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 11 , is a flowchart of a method of forming a coil for a plasma processing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] Illustrative examples of the subject matter claimed below will now be disclosed. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made to achieve the developers’ specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business- related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort, even if complex and time-consuming, would be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
[0016] Further, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to have its ordinary meaning in the patent arts, namely “one or more.” Herein, the term “about” when applied to a value generally means within the tolerance range of the equipment used to produce the value, or in some examples, means plus or minus 10%, or plus or minus 5%, or plus or minus 1 %, unless otherwise expressly specified. Further, herein the term “substantially” as used herein means a majority, or almost all, or all, or an amount with a range of about 51 % to about 100%, for example. Moreover, examples herein are intended to be illustrative only and are presented for discussion purposes and not by way of limitation. [0017] Typical cylindrical single layer coils may have a number of issues and limitations in use. For example, typical cylindrical single layer coils may have a reduced Q factor when the length is greater than the diameter. Additionally, such coils have experienced poor cooling due to trapped air adjacent to the cylinder coil form when wound on a dielectric cylinder. Coils may also have a relatively long magnetic field return path that may result in high coupling coefficient to aluminum shield housing walls that produce eddy losses that result in lower Q values. Typical coils may also have lower inductance per unit length of wire that may result in lower Q values. Such coils may also have less predictable manufacturing tolerances.
[0018] Embodiments of the present disclosure may decrease losses in voltage and current at high power, which results in better Q values due to better stored to dissipated energy ratios. Embodiments of the present disclosure may also advantageously maximize inductance per unit length of wire used, thereby resulting in better Q values. Such embodiments may further reduce distributed voltage across windings thereby reducing voltage stress potentials internally. Embodiments may further reduce magnetic field coupling to aluminum shield housing by optimizing magnetic field return paths, thereby reducing coupled eddy losses to the shield. Embodiments may also increase airflow around the inductor wire to improve cooling. Other advantages may include a mechanical form that provides predictable wire dimensional spacing in X, Y, and Z directions resulting in tighter manufacturing tolerance spread. Not all embodiments will exhibit all these characteristics and, to the extent that they exhibit more than one, they may not do so to the same extent.
[0019] Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide relatively high-power low frequency coils, such as for example, coils having a frequency of about 400k. In other embodiments, coils disclosed herein may have frequencies lower than 400k and/or higher than 400k depending on the application. Additionally, the disclosed geometry compacts the magnetic fields so as to reduce coupling interactions with the shield walls surrounding a coil. Furthermore, the registered start of each winding from the same side reduces the voltage stress from layer to layer allowing higher voltage operation than a continuous filament sequentially wound coil of multiple layers traversing from side to side. The geometric positioning of wires for equal spacing may also result in close tolerance repeatability approaching +/- 1 percent.
[0020] Turning to Figure 1 , a side view schematic representation of a RF plasma processing system 100, according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. RF plasma processing system 100 includes a first RF generator 105 and a second RF generator 110, a first impedance matching network 115, a second impedance matching network 120, a sheath 125, a plasma powering device, such as showerhead 130 or equivalent powered element such as an electrode, and a pedestal 135. As used herein, plasma power devices may refer to any device that introduces power to generate plasma and may include, for example, showerhead 130 and/or other types of electrodes, as well as antenna and the like.
[0021] RF plasma processing system 100 may include one or more first and second RF generators 105, 110 that deliver power to a reaction chamber 140 through one or more impedance matching networks 115, 120. RF power flows from the first RF generator 105 through the impedance matching network 115 to showerhead 130 into plasma in reaction chamber 140 , to an electrode (not shown) other than showerhead 130, or to an inductive antenna (not shown) that electromagnetically provides power to the plasma, where after the power flows from the plasma to ground and/or to pedestal 135 and/or to second impedance matching network 120. Generally, first impedance matching network 115 compensates for variations in a load impedance inside reaction chamber 140 so the combined impedance of showerhead 130 and first impedance matching network 115 equal the output of first RF generator 105, e.g., 50 ohms, by adjusting the reactive components (not separately shown), e.g., variable capacitors, within first impedance matching network 115.
[0022] Impedance matching networks 115, 120 are designed to adjust their internal reactive elements such that the load impedance matches the source impedance. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in impedance matching networks 115, 120, filters (not shown), resonators (not shown), and the like.
[0023] Turning to FIG. 2, a side view of a coil according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In this embodiment, a coil 200 includes a coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. While six coil form extensions 210 are shown, in other embodiments, coil form 205 may be three, four, five, seven, or more coil form extensions 210. Coil form extensions 210 may project radially outward from a coil form center 215. Coil form center 215 may be used to attach coil 200 to a block (not shown), that will be illustrated below.
[0024] One or more spacers 220/222, shown best in Figure 3 and Figure 5, may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward. Spacers 220/222 may be formed from the same material as coil form 205, or in other embodiments may be formed from other materials.
[0025] A wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205. Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220. Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
[0026] In other embodiments, more than one wire 225 may be used. For example, a first wire may be wrapped around coil form 205. A second wire may be wrapped around inward spacer 220 and a third wire may be wrapped around outward spacer 222. The three wires may then be connected using one or more electrical connectors, such as an electric bus.
[0027] In operation, coil 200 includes a cylindrical winding that includes multiple layers, which in this embodiments includes three layers of windings. The winding starts at the innermost diameter, and the winding continues for seven turns, which will be illustrated in greater detail below. At the end of the innermost diameter, wire 225 returns through the center of coil form 205 back to the starting position and then overlays the first winding to start a second winding., where the first winding started. The second winding continues to its end, which in this embodiment includes eight turns. The second winding, once reaching the end, returns through the center of coil form 205. Wire 225 may then continue for a third winding, which in this embodiment includes nine turns. At the end of the third winding, the wire may exit coil 200, to be electrically connected to other components through, for example, a lug (not shown) or other types of electrical connectors. [0028] By providing the three continuous windings the number of layers that are used is decreased. As such, by using three windings, the voltage stress may be divided by a factor of three. If each winding included the same length of turns, wire 225 would end up with the same amount of voltage across it. Additionally, such geometry compacts the magnetic fields such as to reduce coupling interactions with shield walls (not shown) that surround coil 200 in operation.
[0029] Aspects of coil 200 may also include a start of each winding that starts from the same side of coil 200, coil form 205, and coil form extensions 210. By starting from the same side of coil 200, voltage stress may be reduced from layer to layer allowing higher voltage operation than a continuous filament sequentially would coil, where multiple layers traverse from side to side. Additionally, the geometric positioning of the wires provide for equal spacing, which results in close tolerance repeatability in a range of around one percent. Specific design aspects of coil 200, as a multifilar coil will be discussed in detail below.
[0030] Turning to FIG. 3, a side elevation view of the coil 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. As discussed above, coil 200 includes coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. As illustrated, coil form extensions 210 project radially outward from coil form center 215. One or more spacers 220/222 may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward.
[0031] Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205. Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220. Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
[0032] Both ends of wire 225 may include electrical connectors 230, such as lugs. In certain embodiments electrical connectors 230 may include other types of connectors, such as, for example, male-female connectors, screw connectors, bolt connectors, and/or any other types of electrical connectors 230 used or suitable in the art. In certain embodiments, electrical connectors 230 may be insulated or partially insulated, depending on operational requirements.
[0033] Turning to FIG. 4, an end view of coil 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. As discussed above, coil 200 includes coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. As illustrated, coil form extensions 210 project radially outward from coil form center 215. One or more spacers 220/222 may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward.
[0034] Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205. Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220. Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
[0035] As illustrated in FIG. 4, the third winding, i.e., the outermost radial winding includes nine windings. As discussed above, the middle, or second winding includes eight windings, while the innermost radial winding includes seven windings. As such, a triangular winding form results, which may provide one or more of the advantages discussed above. The triangular winding form will be illustrated and discussed in greater detail below.
[0036] Turning to FIG. 5, a side perspective view of coil 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In FIG. 5, certain portions of wire 225 have been removed for clarity as to the geometric structure of other components, such as coil form 205 and spacers 220/222. As discussed above, coil 200 includes coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. As illustrated, coil form extensions 210 project radially outward from coil form center 215. One or more spacers 220/222 may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward. [0037] Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205. Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220. Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
[0038] Turning to FIG. 6, a side view of coil 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. As discussed above, coil 200 includes coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. As illustrated, coil form extensions 210 project radially outward from coil form center 215. One or more spacers 220/222 may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward.
[0039] Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205. Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220. Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222.
[0040] As discussed with respect to FIG. 5, the outermost winding 235 returns to the center of the winding 240 before exiting coil 200 to be connected to another device. Similarly, the middle winding 245 also returns to the center of the winding 240 before being wound into the third winding 240. The innermost winding 250 also returns to the center of the winding 240 being would into the middle winding 245.
[0041] Turning to FIG. 7, a side view of a coil in a coil block according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In this embodiment, coil 200 includes coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. As illustrated, coil form extensions 210 project radially outward from coil form the coil center. One or more spacers 220/222 may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward. [0042] In this illustration, coil 200 is shown disposed within a coil block 255. Coil 200 may be connected to coil block 255 through various types of mechanical attachments 260 such as, for example, bolts. Coil block 255 may be formed from various materials, including those of which coil 200 is formed. Coil block 255 may be used to hold coil 200 in place during operation and may be connected to housing (not shown) or other components using one or more attachment points 265. Coil block 255 and wire 225 windings will be explained in greater detail with respect to FIG. 8.
[0043] Turning to FIG. 8, a side a schematic cross-sectional representation of a coil according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. As discussed above, coil 200 includes coil form 205, which is shown having six coil form extensions 210. As illustrated, coil form extensions 210 project radially outward from coil form center 215. One or more spacers 220/222 may be disposed on a radially outward edge of one or more coil form extensions 210. In this embodiment, two spacers 220/222 are illustrated with one inward spacer 220 disposed radially inward and a second outward spacer 222 disposed radially outward.
[0044] Wire 225 may be concentrically wrapped around coil form 205 and coil form extensions 210, starting at the center, i.e., at the radially outward edge of coil form 205. Inward spacer 220 may then be disposed on top of coil form 205, and wire 225 may be wrapped through inward spacer 220. Outward spacer 222 may then be disposed on top of inward spacer 200, and wire 225 may be wrapper through outward spacer 222. Wire 225 may pass through a respective set of grooves 223 that are formed in coil form 205, inward spacer 220, and outward spacer 222.
[0045] Coil 200 also is illustrated having two electrical connectors 230/232. First electrical connector 230 starts the inner most, first, winding, while second electrical connector terminates as the outermost, third, winding. As shown, both electrical connectors 230/232 are shown as lugs, but other electrical connectors, such as those described above may also be used.
[0046] In this illustration, coil 200 is shown disposed within a coil block 255. Coil 200 may be connected to coil block 255 through various types of mechanical attachments 260 such as, for example, bolts. Coil block 255 may be formed from various materials, including those of which coil 200 is formed. Foil block 255 may be used to hold coil 200 in place during operation and may be connected to housing (not shown) or other components using one or more attachment points 265.
[0047] Turning to FIG. 9, a schematic cross-sectional representation of coil 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In this embodiment, coil 200 is shown having three windings of wire 225. An innermost, first winding 250, a middle, second winding 245, and an outermost, third winding 235. Each winding would in relation to each adjacent wire is spaced both axially and radially at a fixed distance, so that a cross-section of completed concentric layers of winding forms a unilateral triangle is disposition of all conductor centers. The unilateral triangle geometry is illustrated at reference character 270. The progression of winding turn count of one turn per layer may thereby optimize field return path. The winding turn count of one turn per layer is illustrated at reference character 275.
[0048] Embodiments of the present disclosure may thus provide a plurality of concentric cylinder or polygonal cross-section windings of wire such that the spacing between any adjacent turn is equal and on the order of .25 to 1 radius of the wire used. Such embodiments may include concentric cylinders of wire that are connected so that the start of a first winding continues to a finish-turn and then axially returns to the same starting end of the first winding to start a new larger diameter cylindrical winding layer concentric to the first winding, thereby encompassing the first winding. The start of the second winding continues to a finish-turn and then returns axially to the same starting end as the first and second winding to start a new cylinder of winding concentric to the second and first winding.
[0049] The concentric coils may thereby have common registered starts and finishes of each winding. The collective cross-section of windings includes a diameter 280 and a length, which collectively forms a diameter to length 285 ratio, which is the mean diameter, of between 2:1 and 3:1 , and in certain embodiments between 2.4:1 and 2.5:1 , and in still other embodiments about 2.46:1 .
[0050] Wire turns may be parallel and perpendicular to the coil axis for 5/6th of a turn and step from one guide groove to the next for 1 /6th of a turn. Such a mechanical technique may thereby simplify construction of the coil during manufacturing. The one turn increase per layer may thereby provide advantages of improved magnetic field coupling and wire separation may be maintained when a wire ascends radially from a lower later to a next layer.
[0051] Turning to FIG. 10, a schematic representation of a trifilar inductor according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. As illustrated, a first electrical connector 230, which in this embodiment is a first lug, is connected to an electrical source (not shown). Wire 225 is then wound into three concentric windings. First winding 250 includes seven turns and forms the innermost portion of the coil. Second winding 245 includes eight turns and forms the middle portion of the coil. Third winding 235 includes nine turns and forms the outermost portion of the coil. Wire 225 then exits coil and truncates at second end connector 232.
[0052] Turning to FIG. 11 , a flowchart of a method of forming a coil for a plasma processing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The method includes feeding (block 300) a wire through a coil form a central portion of a coil form. The central portion of the coil form may include one or more apertures that allow the wire to pass through the coil form.
[0053] The method may further include winding (block 305) the wire around the coil form to form a first winding. The wire may initially pass through the aperture in the coil form and then pass around a radially outward portion of the coil form. The wire may pass through grooves that are preformed in the coil form, or may be pressed against the coil form, depending on operational requirements.
[0054] The method may further include returning (block 310) the wire to the central portion of the coil form center of the coil form. The wire may thereby return to the central portion at a location on the same side as where the first winding started. The final location of the first winding, while on the same side of the coil form, may be located longitudinally at a different location with respect to the aperture the wire initially passed through.
[0055] The method may further include winding (block 315) the wire around the coil form to form a second winding that is radially further from the central portion of the coil form center than the first winding. As such, the second winding is outside the first winding. The second winding may start by passing through a second aperture the is on the same side of the coil form as the first aperture but may be in a different longitudinal location. [0056] The method may further include returning (block 320) the wire to the central portion of the coil form center of the coil form. The wire may thereby return to the center portion at a location on the same side as where the first winding started and ended. The final location of the second winding, while on the same side of the coil form, may be located longitudinally at a different location with respect to the aperture the wire initially passed through to start the second winding.
[0057] The method may further include winding (block 325) the wire around the coil form to form a third winding that is radially further from the central portion of the coil form central than the second winding. The wire may thereby return to the center portion at a location on the same side as where the first and second windings started and ended. The final location of the third winding, while on the same side of the coil form, may be located longitudinally at a different location with respect to the aperture the wire initially passed through to start the first and/or second windings.
[0058] In certain embodiments, the first winding is disposed on at least a portion of the coil form, the second winding is disposed on at least a portion of a first spacer, the first spacer disposed on a radially distal portion of the coil form, and the third winding is disposed on at least a portion of second spacer, the second spacer disposed on the first spacer. The first spacer may be added to the coil after the first winding occurs. The second spacer may be added to the coil after the second winding occurs. Because the spacers are added in sequence, the assembly of the coil may be easier, due to access to the radially outmost edge of the coil during any given winding.
[0059] In certain embodiments, the first winding may include seven turns, the second winding may include eight turns, and the third winding may include nine turns. In other embodiments the number of turns for any given winding may vary based on the number of coil form extensions, and the desired results of a particular operation. For example, in certain implementations, a coil may include three progressive windings of four, five, and six winding. Those of ordinary skill in the part will appreciate that variations on the number of turns for easy winding may vary based on desired results.
[0060] In certain embodiments, advantages of the present disclosure may provide reduced losses in voltage and current at high power. The reduced loss in voltage and current at high power may thereby result in an increased quality factor relative to typical cylindrical single layer coils.
[0061] In certain embodiments, advantages of the present disclosure may provide increased quality factor due to stored to dissipated energy ratios.
[0062] In certain embodiments, advantages of the present disclosure may provide an optimized/maximized inductance per unit length of wire used.
[0063] In certain embodiments, advantages of the present disclosure may provide reduced distributed voltage across windings reducing internal voltage stress potentials.
[0064] In certain embodiments, advantages of the present disclosure may provide reduced magnetic field coupling to aluminum shield housing by optimizing the magnetic field return path, thereby reducing coupled eddy losses to the shield.
[0065] In certain embodiments, advantages of the present disclosure may provide increased airflow around the inductor wire for improved cooling.
[0066] In certain embodiments, advantages of the present disclosure may provide a mechanical form that provides predictable wire dimensional spacing along the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis, thereby resulting in tighter manufacturing tolerance spread.
[0067] The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required to practice the systems and methods described herein. The foregoing descriptions of specific examples are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive of or to limit this disclosure to the precise forms described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The examples are shown and described in order to best explain the principles of this disclosure and practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize this disclosure and various examples with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of this disclosure be defined by the claims and their equivalents below.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A coil comprising: a coil form; and a plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire disposed around the coil form, the wire having a spacing between adjacent turns of about .25 to 1.0 of the radius of the wire.
2. The coil of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire is at least one of cylindrical and polygonal.
3. The coil of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire are connected so a start of a first winding continues to a finish-turn and axially returns to a starting end of the first winding to start a second winding that is larger than the first winding.
4. The coil of claim 3, wherein the second winding substantially encompasses the first winding.
5. The coil of claim 1 , wherein a start of a second winding continues to a finish-turn and returns axially to a starting end of a first and a second winding to start a third winding.
6. The coil of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire have common registered starts and finishes of each winding.
7. The coil of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire have a diameter to length ratio of between about 2:1 and about 3:1 .
8. The coil of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire have a diameter to length ratio of between about 2.4:1 and about 2.5:1.
9. The coil of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire have a diameter to length ratio of about 2.46:1.
10. The coil of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire are spaced axially and radially at a fixed distance.
11. The coil of claim 10, wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire forms a unilateral triangle in disposition of all conductor centers.
12. The coil of claim 1, wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire comprises a progression of winding turn count of 1 turn per layer.
13. The coil of claim 1, wherein the coil is disposed in at least one of an impedance matching network, a filter, and a resonator.
14. A plasma processing device, the plasma processing device comprising: a coil form; and a plurality of concentric cylindrical cross-section windings of wire disposed around the coil form, the wire having a spacing between adjacent turns of about .25 to 1.0 of the radius of the wire and a diameter to length ratio of between about 2:1 and about 3:1.
15. The coil of claim 14, wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire have a diameter to length ratio of between about 2.4:1 and about 2.5:1.
16. The coil of claim 14, wherein the plurality of concentric cross-section windings of wire have a diameter to length ratio of about 2.46:1.
17. A method of forming a coil fora plasma processing device, the method comprising: feeding a wire through a coil form central portion of a coil form; winding the wire around the coil form to form a first winding; returning the wire to the central portion of the coil form center of the coil form; winding the wire around the coil form to form a second winding that is radially further from the center portion of the coil form center than the first winding; returning the wire to the center portion of the coil form center of the coil form; and winding the wire around the coil form to form a third winding that is radially further from the center portion of the coil form center than the second winding.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first winding is disposed on at least a portion of the coil form, the second winding is disposed on at least a portion of a first spacer, the first spacer disposed on a radially distal portion of the coil form, and the third winding is disposed on at least a portion of second spacer, the second spacer disposed on the first spacer.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the first winding, the second winding, and the third winding return to the central portion of the coil form central on the same side of the coil.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the first winding comprises 7 turns, the second winding comprises 8 turns, and the third winding comprises 9 turns.
PCT/US2020/048630 2019-08-28 2020-08-28 High power low frequency coils Ceased WO2021041984A1 (en)

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CN202080052752.6A CN114144853B (en) 2019-08-28 2020-08-28 High power low frequency coil
KR1020227001279A KR102884261B1 (en) 2019-08-28 2020-08-28 High power low frequency coils
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US20210065956A1 (en) 2021-03-04
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