WO2021052046A1 - 一种声学输出装置 - Google Patents

一种声学输出装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021052046A1
WO2021052046A1 PCT/CN2020/106759 CN2020106759W WO2021052046A1 WO 2021052046 A1 WO2021052046 A1 WO 2021052046A1 CN 2020106759 W CN2020106759 W CN 2020106759W WO 2021052046 A1 WO2021052046 A1 WO 2021052046A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
output device
acoustic
diaphragm
acoustic output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/106759
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
付峻江
廖风云
齐心
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Voxtech Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Voxtech Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=74883893&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2021052046(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Shenzhen Voxtech Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Voxtech Co Ltd
Priority to EP20864563.0A priority Critical patent/EP4009665A4/en
Priority to CA3153521A priority patent/CA3153521C/en
Priority to JP2022517900A priority patent/JP7682551B2/ja
Priority to AU2020350921A priority patent/AU2020350921B2/en
Priority to KR1020227012834A priority patent/KR102602341B1/ko
Priority to MX2022003327A priority patent/MX2022003327A/es
Priority to PE2022000409A priority patent/PE20220598A1/es
Priority to BR112022004279-5A priority patent/BR112022004279B1/pt
Priority to CN202080053884.0A priority patent/CN114175677B/zh
Priority to CN202080065942.1A priority patent/CN114424585A/zh
Priority to EP20948847.7A priority patent/EP4109925A4/en
Priority to BR112022019699-7A priority patent/BR112022019699B1/pt
Priority to JP2022563185A priority patent/JP7600262B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227038228A priority patent/KR20220164011A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2020/140815 priority patent/WO2022027915A1/zh
Publication of WO2021052046A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021052046A1/zh
Priority to US17/652,480 priority patent/US12047737B2/en
Priority to CONC2022/0003130A priority patent/CO2022003130A2/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US17/932,288 priority patent/US12108208B2/en
Priority to US18/766,574 priority patent/US20240365055A1/en
Priority to US18/820,351 priority patent/US20240422475A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
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    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00—Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • G02C11/06—Hearing aids
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    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
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    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
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    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
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    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
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    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
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    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
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    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
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    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
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    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
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    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
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    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
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    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
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Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of acoustics, in particular to an acoustic output device.
  • the open binaural acoustic output device is a portable audio output device that realizes sound conduction in a specific range. Compared with traditional in-ear and over-ear headphones, the open binaural acoustic output device has the characteristics of not blocking or covering the ear canal, allowing users to listen to music while acquiring sound information in the external environment, improving safety Sex and comfort. Due to the use of an open structure, the sound leakage of an open binaural acoustic output device is often more serious than that of a traditional earphone.
  • the common practice in the industry is to place the loudspeaker in an acoustic cavity with holes on the front and back of the acoustic cavity to construct a dipole to generate a specific sound field with a certain directivity and regulate the sound pressure distribution.
  • This method can achieve the effect of reducing sound leakage to a certain extent, it still has certain limitations.
  • the acoustic output device has poor frequency response at mid-high and low frequencies.
  • the device includes: an acoustic driver.
  • the acoustic driver includes a diaphragm and a magnetic circuit structure. The side of the diaphragm facing the magnetic circuit structure forms the acoustic output device.
  • the front of the driver the side of the magnetic circuit structure facing away from the diaphragm forms the back of the acoustic driver, and the vibration of the diaphragm causes the acoustic driver to radiate sound outward from the front and back respectively; and a housing A structure configured to carry the acoustic driver, wherein one of the front and back surfaces of the acoustic driver forms a cavity with the housing structure, and the acoustic driver forming the cavity faces the cavity
  • the body radiates sound
  • the other of the acoustic driver faces the external radiated sound of the acoustic output device.
  • the housing structure includes at least one sound outlet, the at least one sound outlet is acoustically coupled with the cavity, and the sound radiated by the acoustic driver to the cavity is exported to the The exterior of the acoustic output device.
  • the at least one sound outlet is close to the center of the side of the housing structure facing the acoustic driver.
  • the cross-sectional area of the at least one sound outlet is not less than 0.25 mm 2.
  • an acoustic damping structure is provided at the at least one sound outlet.
  • the magnetic circuit structure includes a magnetic conductive plate disposed opposite to the diaphragm, the magnetic conductive plate includes at least one sound outlet, and the at least one sound outlet vibrates the diaphragm.
  • the generated sound is derived from the back of the acoustic driver.
  • the front surface of the acoustic driver and the housing structure form the cavity, and the at least one sound outlet leads the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm from the back of the acoustic driver to the The exterior of the acoustic output device.
  • the at least one sound outlet is provided with a sound guide along a direction away from the diaphragm, and the sound guide guides the sound radiated from the at least one sound outlet to the The outside of the acoustic output device.
  • the at least one sound hole includes a first hole portion and a second hole portion sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside, the first hole portion and the second hole portion pass through, and the first hole portion The diameter of the two holes is larger than the diameter of the first hole.
  • the height of the cavity along the vibration direction of the diaphragm is not greater than 3 mm.
  • the shape of the diaphragm is flat or nearly flat.
  • the diaphragm is fixed on the acoustic driver by a folding ring, and the folding ring is recessed in a direction away from the cavity.
  • the back surface of the acoustic driver and the housing structure form the cavity
  • the front surface of the acoustic driver is further provided with a protective structure arranged opposite to the diaphragm.
  • the protective structure is configured to separate the diaphragm from the outside and be able to transmit the sound emitted by the diaphragm to the outside.
  • the protective structure includes a filter structure.
  • the protection structure includes a plate structure with at least one sound hole.
  • the cavity exports the sound to the outside of the acoustic output device through the first sound outlet, and the side of the acoustic driver that does not form the cavity exports the sound through the second sound outlet.
  • the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet have different acoustic impedances.
  • the side of the acoustic driver on the front or back of the acoustic driver where the amplitude of the high-frequency response is greater is closer to the sound path of the ear than the other side.
  • the side of the high frequency response with a larger amplitude of the high frequency band faces the ear canal.
  • the acoustic output device includes an acoustic driver.
  • the acoustic driver includes a diaphragm and a magnetic circuit structure.
  • the diaphragm is formed on a side facing the magnetic circuit structure.
  • the side of the magnetic circuit structure facing away from the diaphragm forms the back side of the acoustic driver, and the vibration of the diaphragm makes the acoustic driver radiate sound outward from the front and back respectively.
  • the magnetic circuit structure includes a magnetic conductive plate disposed opposite to the diaphragm, the magnetic conductive plate includes at least one sound outlet, and the at least one sound outlet vibrates the diaphragm.
  • the generated sound is derived from the back of the acoustic driver.
  • the front surface of the acoustic driver is further provided with a protective structure arranged opposite to the diaphragm, and the protective structure is connected to the magnetic circuit structure.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a frequency response curve diagram of the first sound hole and the second sound hole in the acoustic output device in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual-point sound source provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a far-field sound leakage diagram of a single-point sound source and a double-point sound source provided according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a frequency response curve diagram of the front and back of the acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a frequency response curve diagram of the front and back of the acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a frequency response curve diagram of the acoustic output device when the cavity volume is different according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a diaphragm according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the frequency response of the acoustic output device when the size of the sound hole is different according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a frequency response curve diagram of the front and back of the acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 15 is a diagram showing the frequency response curves of the front and back of the acoustic output device when the cavity volume is different according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing the frequency response of the front and back of the acoustic output device when the size of the sound outlet is different according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the position distribution structure of sound holes according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 18 is a graph showing the frequency response of the front and back of the acoustic driver based on the position of the sound hole shown in Fig. 17(a);
  • Fig. 19 is a graph showing the frequency response of the front and back of the acoustic driver based on the position of the sound hole shown in Fig. 17(b);
  • 20 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a graph showing the frequency response of the front and back of an acoustic output device that does not include a cavity according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a wearing manner of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the front and back of the acoustic output device and the human skin according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of a housing structure as a baffle according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • system is a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, parts, or assemblies of different levels.
  • the words can be replaced by other expressions.
  • a flowchart is used in this application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiment of the application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed exactly in order. Instead, the individual steps can be processed in reverse order or at the same time. At the same time, you can also add other operations to these processes, or remove a step or several operations from these processes.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may include a housing structure 110 with a hollow inside and an acoustic driver 120 disposed in the housing structure 110.
  • the acoustic driver 120 may include a diaphragm 121 and a magnetic circuit structure 1220.
  • the acoustic driver 120 may also include a voice coil (not shown in the figure). The voice coil may be fixed on the side of the diaphragm 121 facing the magnetic circuit structure 1220 and located in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic circuit structure 1220.
  • the voice coil When the voice coil is energized, it can vibrate under the action of a magnetic field and drive the diaphragm 121 to vibrate, thereby generating sound.
  • the side of the diaphragm 121 facing away from the magnetic circuit structure 1220 (that is, the right side of the diaphragm 121 in FIG. 1) can be regarded as the front side of the acoustic driver 120
  • the side of the magnetic circuit structure 1220 facing away from the diaphragm 121 Ie, the left side of the magnetic circuit structure 1220 in FIG. 1
  • the back of the acoustic driver 120 the side of the magnetic circuit structure 1220 facing away from the diaphragm 121
  • the vibration of the diaphragm 121 may cause the acoustic driver 120 to radiate sound outward from its front and back, respectively.
  • the front surface of the acoustic driver 120 or the diaphragm 121 and the housing structure 110 form a first cavity 111
  • the back of the acoustic driver 120 and the housing structure 110 form a second cavity 112.
  • the front of the acoustic driver 120 radiates sound to the first cavity 111
  • the back of the acoustic driver 120 radiates sound to the second cavity 112.
  • the housing structure 110 may further include a first sound hole 113 and a second sound hole 114.
  • the first sound hole 113 is in communication with the first cavity 111, and the second sound hole 113 is connected to the second sound hole.
  • the cavity 112 is in communication.
  • the sound generated on the front of the acoustic driver 120 is transmitted to the outside through the first sound outlet 113, and the sound generated on the back of the acoustic driver 120 is transmitted to the outside through the second sound outlet 114.
  • the magnetic circuit structure 1220 may include a magnetic conductive plate 1221 disposed opposite to the diaphragm.
  • At least one sound hole 1222 (also referred to as a pressure relief hole) is provided on the magnetic conductive plate 1221 for guiding the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 121 from the back of the acoustic driver 120 and propagating to the outside through the second cavity 112.
  • the acoustic output device 100 forms a dual sound source (or multiple sound sources) similar to a dipole structure through the sound radiation of the first sound outlet 113 and the second sound outlet 114, and generates a specific sound field with a certain directivity. It should be noted that the acoustic output device in the embodiments of this specification is limited to the application of earphones, and can also be applied to other audio output devices (for example, hearing aids, loudspeakers, etc.).
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of the frequency response of the first sound outlet hole and the second sound outlet hole in FIG. 1.
  • the first cavity 111 and the second cavity 112 provided in the acoustic output device 100 will cause the acoustic output device 100 to be in the first sound hole 113 (sound hole 1 in FIG. 2) and
  • the sound radiated from the second sound outlet 114 (the sound outlet 2 in FIG. 2) generates a resonance peak at a middle frequency or a middle high frequency (for example, 2000 Hz-4000 Hz).
  • the dipole-like structure formed by 100 has poor frequency response at higher frequencies (for example, two sound outlets radiate sound with a large difference in magnitude), and cannot well suppress the leakage of the acoustic output device 100 in the far field. sound.
  • the low-frequency sound generated by the acoustic output device 100 at the listening position (for example, the human auricle) will be weakened due to the phase cancellation of the sound, resulting in The low frequency response of the listening position is poor.
  • this specification describes another or more acoustic output devices including an acoustic driver.
  • the acoustic output device When the user wears the acoustic output device, the acoustic output device is located at least on the side of the user's head, close to but not blocking the user's ears.
  • the acoustic output device can be worn on the user's head (for example, non-ear earphones worn with glasses, headbands or other structures), or on other parts of the user's body (for example, the user's neck/shoulder) Area), or placed near the user's ears by other means (for example, the way the user holds them by hand).
  • the acoustic output device may include an acoustic driver for generating sound and a housing structure that carries the acoustic driver.
  • the housing structure forms a cavity with only one of the front surface and the back surface of the acoustic driver.
  • the front or back of the acoustic driver may be located in the cavity or acoustically coupled with the cavity.
  • the side (if any) of the acoustic driver forming the cavity radiates sound to the cavity, and the sound can propagate outward through the sound outlet of the housing structure.
  • the other side of the acoustic driver may directly radiate sound to the outside of the acoustic output device.
  • neither the front nor the back of the acoustic driver forms a cavity with the housing structure.
  • the front and back of the acoustic driver can directly radiate sound to the outside without passing through the cavity. It should be understood that the above method can effectively reduce the number of cavities formed by the housing structure on both sides of the acoustic driver. In this case, on the one hand, the size of the acoustic output device can be effectively reduced, and on the other hand, the influence of increasing the cavity on the frequency characteristics of the sound output by the acoustic output device can be avoided.
  • the housing structure of the acoustic output device may serve as a baffle to separate the front and back of the acoustic driver.
  • the baffle can increase the sound path difference between the front and back of the acoustic driver to transmit sound to the user's ears (that is, the distance between the front and back sound of the acoustic driver to reach the user's ear canal), so that the effect of sound cancellation is weakened. , Thereby increasing the volume of the sound (also called near-field sound) heard by the user's ears, so as to provide the user with a better listening experience.
  • the baffle has little effect on the front and back of the acoustic driver to propagate sound (also called far-field sound) to the environment.
  • the sound radiated from the front of the acoustic driver and the sound radiated from the back can still cancel each other in the far field, which can suppress the leakage of the acoustic output device to a certain extent, and at the same time prevent the sound generated by the acoustic output device from being heard by others near the user.
  • each sound hole on the acoustic output device when the size of the sound hole on the acoustic output device is small, each sound hole can be approximately regarded as a point sound source.
  • the sound field sound pressure p generated by a single point sound source satisfies formula (1):
  • ⁇ is the angular frequency
  • ⁇ 0 is the air density
  • r is the distance between the target point and the sound source
  • Q 0 is the volume velocity of the sound source
  • k is the wave number. The distance is inversely proportional.
  • the sound radiated by the sound output device to the surrounding environment can be reduced by providing two sound outlets in the acoustic output device to construct a dual-point sound source.
  • the two sound outlets that is, the two-point sound source
  • the acoustic output device can show different sound effects in the near field and the far field. For example, when the phases of the point sound sources corresponding to the two sound holes are opposite, that is, when the absolute value of the phase difference between the two point sound sources is 180°, the far-field leakage can be realized according to the principle of sound wave anti-phase cancellation. Tone reduction.
  • the sound field sound pressure p generated by the two-point sound source satisfies the following formula:
  • a 1 and A 2 are the intensities of the two point sound sources
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the phases of the point sound sources
  • d is the distance between the two point sound sources
  • r 1 and r 2 satisfy the formula (3 ):
  • r is the distance between any target point in space and the center of the dual-point sound source
  • ⁇ represents the angle between the line between the target point and the center of the dual-point sound source and the line where the dual-point sound source is located.
  • the size of the sound pressure p of the target point in the sound field is related to the intensity, spacing d, phase of the sound source at each point, and the distance from the sound source.
  • Fig. 4 is a far-field sound leakage diagram of a single-point sound source and a double-point sound source provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the leakage sound volume generated by the two-point sound source is less than that of the single-point sound source.
  • Sound volume, that is, within a certain frequency range the leakage reduction capability of the above-mentioned dual-point sound source is higher than that of the single-point sound source.
  • the sound source in this embodiment uses a point sound source as an example, and does not limit the type of the sound source. In other embodiments, the sound source may also be a surface sound source.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 500 may include a housing structure 510 and an acoustic driver 520 connected to the housing structure 510.
  • the housing structure 510 may be used to be worn on the user's body, and may carry one or more acoustic drivers 520.
  • the housing structure 510 may be a closed housing structure with a hollow interior, and one or more acoustic drivers 520 are fixedly connected to the housing structure 510.
  • the acoustic output device 500 can be worn on the user's body (for example, the head, neck, or upper torso of the human body) through the housing structure 510, and the housing structure 510 and the acoustic driver 520 can be close to but not blocked.
  • the ear canal keeps the user's ears open, so that the user can not only hear the sound output by the acoustic output device 500, but also acquire the sound of the external environment.
  • the acoustic output device 500 may be arranged around or partly around the circumference of the user's ears.
  • the acoustic output device 500 may be combined with glasses, headsets, head-mounted display devices, AR/VR helmets and other products.
  • the housing structure 510 may be suspended or clamped. The way is fixed near the user’s ear.
  • a hook may be provided on the housing structure 510, and the shape of the hook matches the shape of the auricle, so that the acoustic output device 500 can be independently worn on the user's ear through the hook.
  • the acoustic output device 500 for independent wear may be connected to a signal source (for example, a computer, a mobile phone, or other mobile devices) in a wired or wireless (for example, Bluetooth) manner.
  • a signal source for example, a computer, a mobile phone, or other mobile devices
  • a wired or wireless for example, Bluetooth
  • the acoustic output device 500 at the left and right ears may include a first output device and a second output device, where the first output device may be communicatively connected with the signal source, and the second output device may be wirelessly connected to the first output device in a wireless manner.
  • the first output device and the second output device realize the synchronization of audio playback through one or more synchronization signals.
  • the wireless connection mode may include, but is not limited to, Bluetooth, local area network, wide area network, wireless personal area network, near field communication, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the housing structure 510 may be a housing structure having a human ear fitting shape, such as a circular ring shape, an oval shape, a polygonal shape (regular or irregular), a U-shape, a V-shape, and a semicircular shape.
  • the housing structure 510 can be directly hung on the user's ear.
  • the housing structure 510 may also include one or more fixing structures.
  • the fixing structure may include an ear hook, a head beam or an elastic band, so that the acoustic output device 500 can be better fixed on the user, and prevent the user from falling during use.
  • the elastic band may be a headband, and the headband may be configured to be worn around the head area.
  • the elastic band may be a neckband, configured to be worn around the neck/shoulder area.
  • the elastic band may be a continuous belt, and can be stretched elastically to be worn on the user's head, while the elastic band can also apply pressure to the user's head, making the acoustic output device 500 firm The ground is fixed on a specific position of the user's head.
  • the elastic band may be a discontinuous band.
  • the elastic band may include a rigid part and a flexible part, wherein the rigid part may be made of a rigid material (for example, plastic or metal), and the rigid part may be physically connected with the housing structure 510 of the acoustic output device 500 (for example, a card Connection, threaded connection, etc.).
  • the flexible part may be made of elastic material (for example, cloth, composite material or/and neoprene).
  • the acoustic driver 520 is an element that can receive electrical signals and convert them into sound signals for output.
  • the type of the acoustic driver 120 may include a low frequency (for example, below 3kHz) acoustic driver, a medium and high frequency (for example, 3kHz-7kHz) acoustic driver, or a high frequency (for example, greater than 7kHz) acoustic driver , Or any combination thereof.
  • the low frequency, high frequency, etc. mentioned here only represent the approximate range of the frequency, and different division methods can be used in different application scenarios. For example, a crossover point can be determined, low frequency represents the frequency range below the crossover point, and high frequency represents the frequency above the crossover point.
  • the crossover point can be any value within the audible range of the human ear, for example, 500 Hz, 600 Hz, 700 Hz, 800 Hz, 1000 Hz, etc.
  • the acoustic driver 520 may also include, but is not limited to, a moving coil type, a moving iron type, a piezoelectric type, an electrostatic type, a magnetostrictive type, and the like.
  • the acoustic driver 520 may include a diaphragm 521 and a magnetic circuit structure 522.
  • the diaphragm 521 and the magnetic circuit structure 522 are sequentially arranged along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 521.
  • the diaphragm 521 may be installed on a pot frame (not shown in the figure), and the pot frame is then fixed on the magnetic circuit structure 522.
  • the diaphragm 521 may be directly fixedly connected to the side wall of the magnetic circuit structure 522.
  • the side of the diaphragm 521 facing away from the magnetic circuit structure 522 forms the front surface of the acoustic driver 520, and the side of the magnetic circuit structure 522 facing away from the diaphragm 521 forms the back surface of the acoustic driver 520.
  • the diaphragm 521 vibrates so that the acoustic driver 520 is separated from its front surface. And the back radiates sound outward.
  • the front surface of the acoustic driver 520 and the housing structure 510 form a cavity 511.
  • the front of the acoustic driver 520 radiates sound to the cavity 511, and the back of the acoustic driver 520 radiates sound to the outside of the acoustic output device 500.
  • the housing structure 510 is provided with one or more sound outlet holes 512.
  • the sound outlet 512 is acoustically coupled with the cavity 511 and exports the sound radiated by the acoustic driver 520 to the cavity 511 to the outside of the acoustic output device 500.
  • the magnetic circuit structure 522 may include a magnetic conductive plate 523 disposed opposite to the diaphragm 521.
  • One or more sound holes 524 are provided on the magnetic conductive plate 523.
  • the sound outlet 524 guides the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 521 from the back of the acoustic driver 520 to the outside of the acoustic output device 500. Since the sound hole 512 and the sound hole 524 are respectively located on both sides of the diaphragm 521, it can be considered that the sound derived from the sound hole 512 and the sound hole 524 have opposite or approximately opposite phases, so the sound hole 512 and the sound outlet
  • the sound holes 524 can form a group of two-point sound sources as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the diaphragm 521 may be embedded in the side wall of the housing structure 510.
  • a mounting hole (not shown in the figure) may be opened on the side wall of the housing structure 510, and the end of the diaphragm 521 may be fixed at the mounting hole, thereby realizing the front of the acoustic driver 520 or the diaphragm 521 and the housing
  • the cavity 511 of the structure 510 is acoustically coupled.
  • the side of the acoustic driver 520 with the diaphragm 521 may be contained in the housing mechanism 510, and the periphery of the magnetic circuit structure 522 in the acoustic driver 520 is connected to the side wall of the housing structure 510, The diaphragm 521 is located inside the housing structure 510 and forms a cavity 511 with the housing structure 510.
  • FIG. 6 is a frequency response curve diagram of the front and back surfaces of the acoustic output device 500 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the sound generated on the back of the acoustic driver 520 (the curve corresponding to the "back cavity” in FIG. 6) is directly transmitted to the outside through the sound outlet 524, it is different from the sound generated on the front of the acoustic driver 520 which needs to pass through the cavity.
  • the process of propagating from the sound hole 512 to the outside the curve corresponding to "sound hole 1" in FIG. 6
  • the resonance peak of the sound generated by the acoustic output device 500 at the sound hole 524 can be located more High frequency position (for example, 7kHz-8kHz).
  • the frequency response curve before the resonance peak can maintain a relatively flat distribution in a larger frequency range, thereby improving the sound output effect of the acoustic output device 500 at high frequencies.
  • Figure 1 Figure 2, Figure 5 and Figure 6,
  • Figure 2 is the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device 100 shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 6 is the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device 500 shown in Figure 5.
  • the acoustic output device 500 shown in FIG. 5 has one cavity less than the acoustic output device 100 shown in FIG. 1 (for example, the second cavity 112).
  • the sound waves generated by the diaphragm 521 of the acoustic output device 500 are less coupled with the cavity on the back, so that the sound holes 524 and 512 in the acoustic output device 500 are
  • the resonant peak of the frequency response curve at the high frequency is located at a higher frequency position (for example, 7kHz-8kHz).
  • the frequency response of the sound hole 524 and the sound hole 512 are more consistent at high frequencies, that is, at high frequencies, the phase of the sound hole 524 and the sound hole 512 are opposite, and the corresponding amplitudes of the two More uniformly, in the far field, the sound waves on the front and back of the acoustic driver 520 can be cancelled out.
  • the acoustic output device 500 has a better sound leakage reduction effect than the acoustic output device 100.
  • the frequency response curve before the resonance peak can maintain a relatively flat distribution in a larger frequency range, so that the acoustic output device 500 will have better listening sound quality at high frequencies.
  • the frequency response of the acoustic driver 520 at the sound outlet 512 and the sound outlet 524 is very close in the middle and high frequency range (for example, 3kHz-7kHz), that is, the acoustic driver 520
  • the frequency response corresponding to the front side and the frequency response corresponding to the back side are very close in the mid to high frequency range. Therefore, the front and back sides of the acoustic driver 520 can radiate sound waves with opposite or approximately opposite phases. In the far field, the sound waves on the front and back of the acoustic driver 520 can be canceled out, so that the sound leakage of the acoustic output device 500 in the middle and high frequencies can be significantly reduced.
  • the amplitude of the frequency response of the sound hole 512 (the curve corresponding to "sound hole 1" in FIG. 6) is greater than the frequency response of the sound hole 524 (the "back cavity” in FIG. Corresponding curve) amplitude. Therefore, in the near field, the amplitude of the sound radiated from the sound hole 512 to the user’s ears will be greater than the amplitude of the sound radiated from the sound hole 524 to the user’s ears, and the effect of sound wave inversion cancellation is weaker, which can improve listening.
  • the listening volume of the sound position (that is, the user’s ears) at low frequencies.
  • the difference between the amplitude of the sound radiated from the sound hole 512 to the user’s ear and the sound radiated from the sound hole 524 to the user’s ear may be If you increase it further, the effect of anti-phase cancellation of sound waves will be further weakened, so the low-frequency listening volume at the listening position will be greater.
  • the human ear since the human ear is not sensitive to low frequencies, although the amplitude of the sound radiated from the sound hole 512 and the sound hole 524 is different, the leakage sound perceived by the human ear does not increase significantly.
  • the amplitude of the frequency response of the sound hole 512 is significantly greater than the amplitude of the frequency response of the sound hole 524.
  • the acoustic output device 500 has strong directivity at high frequencies, so it can be used The directivity of sound waves at high frequencies achieves the effect of increasing the near-field listening volume and reducing the far-field leakage volume.
  • the wavelength of high-frequency sound waves is shorter than that of intermediate and low frequencies, so that high-frequency sound waves have stronger directivity.
  • High-frequency sound waves have strong directivity, that is, the direction in which they point is louder, and the other directions are louder.
  • the sound hole 512 may be close to the ear canal, and the sound hole 524 may be far away from the ear canal.
  • the high frequency sound waves radiated by the sound outlet 524 can be suppressed, so that the high frequency response of the sound outlet 524 is as low as possible.
  • the amplitude of the frequency response of 512 is significantly greater than the amplitude of the frequency response of the sound outlet 524, which can enable the acoustic output device 500 to increase the near-field listening volume and reduce the far-field leakage volume.
  • the frequency response of the sound hole 512 in the above embodiment can be regarded as the frequency response corresponding to the front of the acoustic driver 520, and the frequency response of the sound hole 524 can be regarded as the frequency response of the back of the driver 520.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the sound hole 524 may include a first hole portion 5241 and a second hole portion 5242 arranged in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the first hole portion 5241 and the second hole portion 5242 penetrate through, and the size of the second hole portion 5242 is different from the size of the first hole portion 5221.
  • the diameter of the second hole portion 5242 may be larger or smaller than the diameter of the first hole portion 5241.
  • first hole portion 5241 and the second hole portion 5242 of the sound hole 524 described above is not limited to a circular shape, and may also be semicircular, 1/4 circular, elliptical, or semi-elliptical. , Polygons, etc., are not further limited here.
  • the first hole 5241 and the second hole 5242 are arranged at the position of the sound hole 524 to adjust the frequency response of the sound radiated from the back of the acoustic driver 520 (that is, the sound is radiated to the outside from the sound hole 524).
  • the sound hole 524 may also be a hole whose cross-sectional area gradually increases or decreases from the inside to the outside.
  • the back of the acoustic driver 520 may be provided with a plurality of sound holes 524. The different sound holes 524 may have the same or different structure settings.
  • Fig. 8 is a frequency response curve diagram of the front and back of the acoustic output device shown in Fig. 7. As shown in Figure 8, in the middle and high frequency bands (such as 5kHz-6kHz), the frequency response at the sound hole 512 (the curve corresponding to "sound hole 1" in Figure 8) and the frequency response at the sound hole 524 (Figure The curve corresponding to the "back cavity” in 8) is very close, so the sound hole 512 and the sound hole 524 can be regarded as two-point sound sources with the same amplitude.
  • the middle and high frequency bands such as 5kHz-6kHz
  • the far-field sound leakage of the acoustic output device in the middle and high frequency bands can be significantly reduced.
  • the high frequency range such as 7kHz-9kHz
  • the directivity of the sound wave in the high frequency range can be used to increase the near-field listening Sound volume and the effect of reducing the volume of far-field leakage.
  • the frequency response of the sound hole 512 and the sound hole 524 can be adjusted by adjusting the structure, size, shape, position, etc. of the sound hole 524 and/or the sound hole 512, so as to improve the acoustics of the acoustic output device. Output effect.
  • the frequency response changes at the sound hole 512 and the sound hole 524 can be referred to FIGS. 12, 17 and 18 of the present application and related descriptions.
  • a sound guide tube 525 may also be provided at the sound outlet 524.
  • the sound guide tube 525 may be arranged in a direction away from the diaphragm, that is, the sound guide tube 525 may extend from the sound outlet 524 to the outside of the acoustic output device.
  • the sound pipe 525 can lead the sound radiated from the sound outlet 524 to the outside of the acoustic output device.
  • the sound pipe 525 at the sound hole 524 can adjust the frequency response of the sound radiated from the back of the acoustic driver 520 (that is, the sound is radiated to the outside from the sound hole 524).
  • the frequency response of the sound guide tube 525 can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter or cross-sectional area of the sound guide tube.
  • the sound guide tube 525 may be a straight tube or a tube structure whose cross-sectional area gradually increases in a direction away from the diaphragm 521.
  • Fig. 10 is a frequency response curve diagram of the acoustic output device shown in Fig. 9 when the cavity volume is different.
  • the acoustic output effect of the acoustic output device at high frequencies can be improved.
  • the cavity volume can be approximately regarded as proportional to the product of the diaphragm area and the effective height h.
  • the effective height h may refer to the height of the cavity 511 along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 521.
  • the effective cavity height h does not exceed 3mm; preferably, the cavity effective height h does not exceed 2mm; preferably, the cavity effective height h does not exceed 1mm; more preferably, the cavity effective height h does not exceed 0.5mm; further preferably, the effective height h of the cavity does not exceed 0.4mm.
  • the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound hole 512 can be made not less than 3kHz; preferably, by setting the volume of the cavity 511, the sound hole 512 can be The frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response is not less than 5 kHz; more preferably, by setting the volume of the cavity 511, the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound hole 512 can be made not less than 7 kHz.
  • the shape of the diaphragm also affects the volume of the cavity. Since the diaphragm of the acoustic driver has a certain vibration amplitude when it vibrates, it is necessary to reserve a certain vibration space for the diaphragm while ensuring that the volume of the cavity is small, so as to prevent the diaphragm from colliding with the shell structure when it vibrates. sound. Therefore, the gap between the top of the diaphragm (that is, the end face of the diaphragm facing the cavity) and the inner wall of the cavity facing the diaphragm needs to be greater than the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm may be a spherical diaphragm or a conical diaphragm. As shown in Figure 11(a), when the diaphragm is a spherical diaphragm or a conical diaphragm, the top of the diaphragm 1110 and the convex folding ring 1111 are higher than other parts (ie, the top of the diaphragm 1110). Closer to the inner wall of the cavity), the cavity needs to have extra volume to prevent the top end of the diaphragm 1110 from colliding with the inner wall of the cavity. In some embodiments, the diaphragm may be a flat diaphragm.
  • a planar diaphragm may refer to a diaphragm whose shape is flat or approximately flat.
  • the distance between the planar diaphragm 1120 and the inner wall of the cavity opposite to its position is smaller than that of a spherical diaphragm or a conical diaphragm. Helps reduce the volume of the cavity.
  • the folding ring 1121 protrudes outward with respect to the flat diaphragm 1120, a certain distance must be maintained between the flat diaphragm 1120 and the inner wall of the cavity where it is positioned opposite.
  • the folding ring 1131 of the diaphragm 1130 may be recessed in a direction away from the cavity.
  • the inner cavity of the structure does not need to reserve space for the folding ring 1131, thereby reducing the volume of the cavity, so that the position of the high-frequency resonance peak at the sound hole on the cavity is located at a higher frequency position, thereby improving the acoustics of the acoustic output device Output effect.
  • the acoustic output effect of the acoustic output device at high frequencies can be improved by adjusting the size of the sound hole (for example, the sound hole 512). As shown in Figure 12, the larger the size of the sound hole, the more rearward the resonance peak is in the frequency response of the sound hole.
  • the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 0.25 mm 2 ; preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 0.5 mm 2 ; preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 1 mm 2 ; preferably, The cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 2 mm 2 ; preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 4 mm 2 ; more preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 7 mm 2 ; further preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole Not less than 10mm 2 .
  • the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound hole can be made not less than 3kHz; preferably, by setting the cross-sectional area of the sound hole, the sound hole can be The frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response is not less than 4 kHz; more preferably, by setting the cross-sectional area of the sound hole, the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound hole can be made not less than 5 kHz.
  • the human ear considering that the human ear is less sensitive to sound leakage in the frequency band below 500 Hz, it is only necessary to further reduce the sound leakage of the acoustic output device in the 500 Hz-3 kHz frequency band.
  • the acoustic output device 500 Take the acoustic output device 500 as an example for description.
  • the size and/or number of the sound holes 524 can be increased to increase the amplitude of the frequency response corresponding to the sound holes 524, thereby reducing the acoustics.
  • the output device has a difference between the frequency response corresponding to the sound hole 512 and the frequency response corresponding to the sound hole 524 in the frequency range of 500 Hz-3 kHz.
  • the impedance at the sound outlet 512 and the sound outlet 524 of the acoustic output device can be adjusted to reduce the sound leakage of the acoustic output device in the mid-low frequency band (for example, 500 Hz-3 kHz).
  • sound damping structures (such as tuning nets, tuning cottons, sound ducts, etc.) can be provided at the sound holes 512 and/or the sound holes 524 to adjust the amplitude of the corresponding frequency response of the two sound holes. Value to further reduce the sound leakage volume of the acoustic output device in the middle and low frequencies.
  • a damping structure with a larger impedance may be provided at the sound hole 512, and a damping structure with a relatively small impedance may not be provided at the sound hole 524.
  • the damping structure so that the frequency response of the two sound holes can be closer in the range of the middle and low frequency bands.
  • the cavity position of the acoustic output device may not be limited to the front side of the acoustic driver described above.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 1300 may include a housing structure 1310 and an acoustic driver 1320 connected to the housing structure 1310.
  • the acoustic driver 1320 may include a diaphragm 1321 and a magnetic circuit structure 1322.
  • the diaphragm 1321 and the magnetic circuit structure 1322 are sequentially arranged along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 1321.
  • the diaphragm 1321 may be installed on a basin frame (not shown in the figure), and the basin frame is fixed on the magnetic circuit structure 1322.
  • the diaphragm 1321 may be directly fixedly connected to the side wall of the magnetic circuit structure 1322.
  • the side of the diaphragm 1321 facing away from the magnetic circuit structure 1320 forms the front surface of the acoustic driver 1320
  • the side of the magnetic circuit structure 1322 facing away from the diaphragm 1321 forms the back of the acoustic driver 1320.
  • the diaphragm 1321 vibrates so that the acoustic driver 1320 separates from its front side. And the back radiates sound outward.
  • the back of the acoustic driver 1320 and the housing structure 1310 form a cavity 1311, the back of the acoustic driver 1320 radiates sound to the cavity 1311, and the front of the acoustic driver 1320 radiates sound to the outside of the acoustic output device 1300.
  • the magnetic circuit structure 1322 may include a magnetic conductive plate 1323 disposed opposite to the diaphragm 1321, and one or more sound holes 1324 (also called pressure relief holes) are provided on the magnetic conductive plate 1323.
  • the sound hole 1324 guides the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 1321 from the back of the acoustic driver 1320 to the cavity 1311.
  • the housing structure 1310 may be provided with one or more sound holes 1312.
  • the sound outlet 1312 is acoustically coupled with the cavity 1311, and leads the sound radiated by the acoustic driver 1320 to the cavity 1311 to the outside of the acoustic output device 1300.
  • the sound directly transmitted from the front of the diaphragm 1321 to the outside and the sound derived from the sound hole 1312 have opposite or approximately opposite phases, so the front of the diaphragm 1321 and the sound hole 1324 can form a group such as Figure 3 shows the dual sound source.
  • the diaphragm 1321 may be embedded in the side wall of the housing structure 1310, and the sound generated on the front surface of the diaphragm 1321 may be directly transmitted to the outside.
  • a mounting hole (not shown in the figure) may be opened on the side wall of the housing structure 1310, and the diaphragm 1321 is located at the mounting hole.
  • the diaphragm 1321 may not be located on the housing structure 1310.
  • the side of the acoustic driver 1320 with the diaphragm 1321 may be protruded outward or recessed inward relative to the housing structure 1310, and the acoustic driver 1320 may be fixedly connected to the housing structure 1310 through the magnetic circuit structure 1322.
  • Fig. 14 is a graph of frequency response corresponding to the front and back of the acoustic driver according to some embodiments of the present application. 2 and 14, in the frequency range of 100Hz-10kHz, the acoustic output device 1300 provided by the present embodiment has the same frequency response corresponding to the front and back of the acoustic driver 1320 relative to the acoustic driver 120 in the acoustic output device 100. The consistency of the frequency response corresponding to the front and back of the camera is significantly improved.
  • the sound waves on the front and back of the acoustic driver 1320 are in opposite or approximately opposite phases, the sound waves radiated from the front and back of the acoustic driver 1320 can cancel each other out in the far field, thereby improving the reduction of the acoustic output device 1300 in each frequency band. Sound leakage effect.
  • the acoustic output effect of the acoustic output device 1300 at high frequencies can be improved by adjusting the volume of the cavity 1311.
  • the volume of the cavity 1311 also referred to as the back cavity here
  • small back cavity volume-front shown in Figure 15
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the front surface of the acoustic driver 1320 is relatively flat compared to when the volume of the cavity 1311 is relatively large (“large rear cavity volume-front” shown in FIG. 15).
  • the smaller the volume of the cavity 1311 the better the mid and high frequency response of the front surface of the acoustic driver 1320.
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the back of the acoustic driver 1320 is relatively large when the volume of the cavity 1311 is large (as shown in Figure 15).
  • Large Back Cavity Volume-Back The frequency response curve corresponding to the back of the acoustic driver 1320 has a higher resonance peak position. In other words, the smaller the volume of the cavity 1311, the lower the frequency of the resonance peak corresponding to the back of the acoustic driver 1320.
  • the effective cavity height h does not exceed 3mm; preferably, the cavity effective height h does not exceed 2mm; preferably, the cavity effective height h does not exceed 1mm; more preferably, the cavity effective height h does not exceed 0.5mm; more preferably, the effective height h of the cavity does not exceed 0.4mm; more preferably, the effective height h of the cavity does not exceed 0.2mm.
  • the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound hole 1312 can be made not less than 2.5kHz; preferably, by setting the volume of the cavity 1311, the sound hole 1312 can be made
  • the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound outlet 1312 is not less than 5kHz; more preferably, by setting the volume of the cavity 1311, the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound outlet 1312 can be made not less than 7kHz. More preferably, by setting the volume of the cavity 1311, the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound outlet 1312 can be made not less than 10 kHz.
  • the acoustic output effect of the acoustic output device at high frequencies can be improved by adjusting the size of the sound outlet 1312.
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the front of the acoustic driver 1320 when the size of the sound hole 1312 is small ("small sound hole-front” shown in FIG. 16), the frequency response curve corresponding to the front surface of the acoustic driver 1320 is relatively flat. In other words, the larger the size of the sound hole 1312 is, the better the mid-high frequency response of the front surface of the acoustic driver 1320 is.
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the back of the acoustic driver 1320 is relative to when the size of the sound hole 1312 is small ( Figure 16
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the back of the acoustic driver 1320 shown as "small sound hole-back” has a higher resonance peak position.
  • the larger the size of the sound outlet 1312 the lower the frequency of the resonance peak corresponding to the back of the acoustic driver 1320, and the better the mid-to-high frequency response of the acoustic output device.
  • the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 0.25 mm 2 ; preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 0.5 mm 2 ; preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 1 mm 2 ; preferably, The cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 2 mm 2 ; preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 4 mm 2 ; more preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole is not less than 7 mm 2 ; further preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sound hole Not less than 10mm 2 .
  • the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound hole can be made not less than 3kHz; preferably, by setting the cross-sectional area of the sound hole, the sound hole can be The frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response is not less than 4 kHz; more preferably, by setting the cross-sectional area of the sound hole, the frequency of the resonance peak in the frequency response of the sound hole can be made not less than 5 kHz.
  • the acoustic output effect of the acoustic output device at high frequencies can be improved by adjusting the position of the sound outlet 1312.
  • the sound hole may be close to the center position of the side wall (hereinafter referred to as the front side wall of the housing structure) opposite to the front or back side of the acoustic driver on the housing structure.
  • the frequency response curves of the front and back of the acoustic driver 1320 have a higher consistency.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the position distribution structure of sound holes according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the sound hole 1701 shown in FIG. 17(a) is far away from the center position of the front side wall of the housing structure, and the sound hole 1702 shown in FIG. 17(b) is close to the center position of the front side wall of the housing structure.
  • FIG. 18 is a graph showing the frequency response of the front and back of the acoustic driver based on the position of the sound hole shown in Fig. 17(a).
  • Fig. 19 is a graph of the frequency response of the front and back of the acoustic driver based on the position of the sound hole shown in Fig. 17(b).
  • the frequency response curve of the front and back of the acoustic driver is different. Large, it will cause the acoustic output device to leak louder in this frequency band.
  • FIG. 19 is a graph showing the frequency response of the front and back of the acoustic driver based on the position of the sound hole shown in Fig. 17(a).
  • the medium and high frequency or high frequency range for example, 3kHz-10kHz
  • the frequency response curves of the front and back of the acoustic driver are highly consistent.
  • the sound waves radiated from the front and back of the acoustic driver can be cancelled out, thereby improving the sound leakage reduction effect of the acoustic output device in this frequency band.
  • the number of the sound outlet 1701 and the sound outlet 1702 may not be limited to one, and may also be two, three or more.
  • these sound holes can all be located close to the center of the side wall of the shell structure, or all located far away from the center of the side wall of the shell structure, or respectively. Close to the center of the side wall of the housing structure and away from the center of the side wall of the housing structure.
  • the shapes of the sound outlet 1701 and the sound outlet 1702 are not limited to the circular shape in FIG. 17, and may also be semicircular, elliptical, or the like. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the number and shape of the sound outlet 1701 and the sound outlet 1702 according to specific conditions, which is not further limited here.
  • the application scenario of the sound outlet near the center of the front wall of the housing structure is not limited to the acoustic output device 1300 shown in FIG. 13, but is also applicable to acoustic output devices in other embodiments of the present application, for example, FIG. , Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 9, etc. shown in the acoustic output device.
  • the impedance at the sound hole 1312 of the acoustic output device can be adjusted (for example, a certain impedance is set at the sound hole 1312). Damping structure), so that the frequency response curves corresponding to the front and back of the acoustic driver are closer in a certain frequency range (for example, 500Hz-3kHz), thereby reducing the sound leakage of the acoustic output device in this frequency range.
  • an acoustic damping structure for example, a tuning net, a tuning cotton, a sound pipe, etc.
  • a tuning net for example, a tuning net, a tuning cotton, a sound pipe, etc.
  • a sound pipe for example, a tuning net, a tuning cotton, a sound pipe, etc.
  • an acoustic damping structure can be set at the sound hole 1312 to reduce the amplitude of the corresponding frequency response on the back of the acoustic driver to make it close to or equal to The amplitude of the frequency response corresponding to the front of the acoustic driver.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 2000 shown in FIG. 20 and the acoustic output device 1300 shown in FIG. 13 have substantially the same structure.
  • the housing structure 2010, the acoustic driver 2020, the diaphragm 2021, the magnetic circuit structure 2022, the magnetic conductive plate 2023, and the For the sound hole 2024 and the sound hole 2012 please refer to FIG. 13 and related content.
  • a protection may be provided on the outer side of the diaphragm 2021.
  • the protection structure 2030 may be fixedly connected to the housing structure 2010.
  • the protective structure 2030 is a structure that allows the sound waves generated at the front of the diaphragm 2021 to propagate to the outside.
  • the protection structure 2030 may be a filter structure.
  • the protection structure 2030 may be a plate structure with holes or the like.
  • the type and structure of the diaphragm 2021 reference may be made to the diaphragm shown in FIG. 11 of the present application, which will not be repeated here.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 2100 shown in FIG. 21 is different from the acoustic output device 500 shown in FIG. 5 or the acoustic output device 1300 shown in FIG. 13 in that the acoustic output device 2100 shown in FIG. 21 does not include a housing The cavity formed by the structure and the acoustic driver.
  • the acoustic output device 2100 may include an acoustic driver 2110, and the acoustic driver 2110 may include a diaphragm 2121 and a magnetic circuit structure 2122.
  • the diaphragm 2121 and the magnetic circuit structure 2122 are sequentially arranged along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 2121.
  • the diaphragm 2121 may be installed on a basin frame (not shown in the figure), and the basin frame is fixed on the magnetic circuit structure 2122.
  • the diaphragm 2121 may be directly fixedly connected to the side wall of the magnetic circuit structure 2122.
  • the side of the diaphragm 2121 facing away from the magnetic circuit structure 2122 forms the front surface of the acoustic driver 2110, and the side of the magnetic circuit structure 2122 facing away from the diaphragm 2121 forms the back of the acoustic driver 2110.
  • the diaphragm 2121 vibrates to make the acoustic driver 2110 separate from the front side. And the back radiates sound outward.
  • the front of the acoustic driver 2110 directly radiates sound waves to the outside.
  • the magnetic conductive plate 2123 of the magnetic circuit structure 2122 is provided with one or more sound holes 2124.
  • the sound hole 2124 directly leads the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 2121 from the back of the acoustic driver 2110 to the outside.
  • the acoustic output device 2100 may further include a protection structure 2130, and the protection structure 2130 may be fixedly connected to the magnetic circuit structure 2122.
  • the protection structure 2130 may be fixedly connected to the magnetic circuit structure 2122.
  • the sound derived from the sound hole 2124 and the sound radiated from the front surface of the diaphragm 2121 have opposite or approximately opposite phases, so the sound hole 2124 and the front surface of the diaphragm 2121 can form a group as shown in Figure 3. Dual sound source shown.
  • FIG. 22 is a graph based on the frequency response curve of the front and back of the acoustic output device 2100 shown in FIG. 21 of the present application.
  • the frequency response of the acoustic output device 2100 front and back of the acoustic driver 2110) output is at a high-frequency resonance peak. They are all located at a higher frequency (for example, greater than 6kHz).
  • the acoustic output device 2100 In the high frequency band above 10 kHz, the acoustic output device 2100 generates a specific sound field with a certain directivity, and the directivity of sound waves at high frequencies can be used to achieve the effect of high near-field listening volume and low far-field leakage.
  • medium and high frequencies eg, 3kHz-7kHz
  • the frequency response of the front and back of the acoustic output device 2100 is very close, and since the phases of the front and back sound waves are opposite, the acoustic output device 2100's leakage in this frequency range can be significantly reduced. small.
  • the front and back frequencies of the acoustic output device 2100 are correspondingly different, since the human ear is not sensitive to low-frequency leakage, there is no need to attenuate far in this frequency range.
  • Field leakage a damping structure with a larger impedance may be provided at the diaphragm 2121, and no damping structure or a damping structure with a smaller impedance may be provided at the sound outlet 2124, so that the front and back sides of the acoustic driver 2110 can correspond to each other.
  • the frequency response is closer in the range of the middle and low frequency bands.
  • the wearing position of the acoustic output device may be the upper torso of the user.
  • the wearing position is the head and close to the ears.
  • the rectangular structure in the figure is an acoustic output device.
  • the sound output position of the acoustic output device (for example, sound hole, pressure relief hole or diaphragm) can be within the projection of the vector plane of the auricle (for example, the concha cavity) Or outside the auricle vector plane projection.
  • the acoustic output device can also be suspended above the ear canal through a corresponding structure (for example, a hook), but the ear canal is not blocked.
  • the housing structure of the acoustic output device may be used as a baffle to increase the volume of the listening position without increasing the far-field sound leakage.
  • the sound output position 2410 on the front side of the acoustic output device 2400 (the acoustic driver) and the sound output position 2420 (for example, sound hole, pressure relief hole or diaphragm) on the back side of the acoustic output device 2400 are respectively located on the acoustic output device 2400.
  • the opposite sides are separated by a housing (for example, a housing structure) of the acoustic output device 2400.
  • the housing of the acoustic output device 2400 can function as a baffle.
  • the side of the acoustic output device 2400 on the front or back of the acoustic output device 2400 where the amplitude of the high-frequency response is greater (for example, the side where the "sound hole 1" in FIG. 8 is located, the front of the acoustic driver in FIG. 18) is away from the ear The sound path is closer than the other side.
  • the side of the acoustic output device 2400 with a greater amplitude of the front or back high-frequency response faces the ear canal.
  • the "baffle” for example, the shell structure
  • the "baffle” increases the sound path from the sound source A 2 far away from the listening position to the listening position, thus weakening the inverted sound wave from the sound source A 2 to the listening position. strength.
  • the degree of interference and cancellation of the sounds from the sound source A1 and the sound source A2 at the listening position is reduced, thereby increasing the volume at the listening position.
  • the "baffle” shell structure
  • the "baffle” has little effect on the sound path of the sound source A 1 and the sound source A 2 , and the sound leakage in the far field is basically unchanged.
  • this application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of this application.
  • “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, and/or “some embodiments” mean a certain feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that “one embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” mentioned twice or more in different positions in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. .
  • some features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application can be appropriately combined.
  • the computer storage medium may contain a propagated data signal containing a computer program code, for example on a baseband or as part of a carrier wave.
  • the propagated signal may have multiple manifestations, including electromagnetic forms, optical forms, etc., or suitable combinations.
  • the computer storage medium may be any computer readable medium other than the computer readable storage medium, and the medium may be connected to an instruction execution system, device, or device to realize communication, propagation, or transmission of the program for use.
  • the program code located on the computer storage medium can be transmitted through any suitable medium, including radio, cable, fiber optic cable, RF, or similar medium, or any combination of the above medium.
  • the computer program codes required for the operation of each part of this application can be written in any one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Scala, Smalltalk, Eiffel, JADE, Emerald, C++, C#, VB.NET, Python Etc., conventional programming languages such as C language, Visual Basic, Fortran 2003, Perl, COBOL 2002, PHP, ABAP, dynamic programming languages such as Python, Ruby and Groovy, or other programming languages.
  • the program code can be run entirely on the user's computer, or run as an independent software package on the user's computer, or partly run on the user's computer and partly run on a remote computer, or run entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any network form, such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or connected to an external computer (for example, via the Internet), or in a cloud computing environment, or as a service Use software as a service (SaaS).
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • SaaS service Use software as a service
  • numbers describing the number of ingredients and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of the embodiments use the modifier "about”, “approximately” or “substantially” in some examples. Retouch. Unless otherwise stated, “approximately”, “approximately” or “substantially” indicates that the number is allowed to vary by ⁇ 20%.
  • the numerical parameters used in the description and claims are approximate values, and the approximate values can be changed according to the required characteristics of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameter should consider the prescribed effective digits and adopt the method of general digit retention. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm the breadth of the ranges in some embodiments of the present application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, the setting of such numerical values is as accurate as possible within the feasible range.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种声学输出装置，该声学输出装置可以包括：声学驱动器，所述声学驱动器包括振膜和磁路结构，所述振膜背朝所述磁路结构的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的正面，所述磁路结构背朝所述振膜的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的背面，所述振膜振动使得所述声学驱动器分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音；以及壳体结构，被配置为承载所述声学驱动器，其中，所述声学驱动器的正面和背面中的一面与所述壳体结构形成腔体，所述声学驱动器的形成所述腔体的一面向所述腔体辐射声音，所述声学驱动器的另一面向所述声学输出装置的外部辐射声音。

Description

一种声学输出装置
优先权信息
本申请要求2019年9月19日提交的中国申请号201910888762.2的优先权，以及2019年9月19日提交的中国申请号201910888067.6的优先权，全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及声学领域，特别涉及一种声学输出装置。
背景技术
开放双耳的声学输出装置是一种在特定范围内实现声传导的便携式音频输出设备。与传统的入耳式、耳罩式耳机相比，开放双耳的声学输出装置具有不堵塞、不覆盖耳道的特点，可以让用户在聆听音乐的同时，获取外界环境中的声音信息，提高安全性与舒适感。由于开放式结构的使用，开放双耳的声学输出装置的漏音往往较传统耳机更为严重。目前，行业内的通常做法是将扬声器置于一个声学腔体中，声学腔体的正面和背面分别开孔，以此构建偶极子，产生有一定指向性的特定声场，调控声压分布，以降低远场漏音。该方法虽然能够在一定程度上能够达到降低漏音的效果，但是仍然存在一定的局限性。例如，该声学输出装置在中高频和低频的频率响应不佳。
因此希望提供一种声学输出装置，可以同时达到提高用户听音音量和降低漏音的效果。
发明内容
本申请实施例之一提供一种声学输出装置，该装置包括：声学驱动 器，所述声学驱动器包括振膜和磁路结构，所述振膜背朝所述磁路结构的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的正面，所述磁路结构背朝所述振膜的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的背面，所述振膜振动使得所述声学驱动器分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音；以及壳体结构，被配置为承载所述声学驱动器，其中，所述声学驱动器的正面和背面中的一面与所述壳体结构形成腔体，所述声学驱动器的形成所述腔体的一面向所述腔体辐射声音，所述声学驱动器的另一面向所述声学输出装置的外部辐射声音。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体结构包括至少一个出声孔，所述至少一个出声孔与所述腔体声学耦合，并将所述声学驱动器向所述腔体辐射的声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个出声孔靠近所述壳体结构上面朝所述声学驱动器的一侧的中心位置。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个出声孔的横截面积不小于0.25mm2。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个出声孔处设有声阻尼结构。
在一些实施例中，所述磁路结构包括与所述振膜相对设置的导磁板，所述导磁板上包括至少一个出声孔，所述至少一个出声孔将所述振膜振动产生的声音从所述声学驱动器的背面导出。
在一些实施例中，所述声学驱动器的正面与所述壳体结构形成所述腔体，所述至少一个出声孔将所述振膜振动产生的声音从所述声学驱动器的背面导出到所述声学输出装置的外部。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个出声孔处沿远离所述振膜的方向设有导声管，所述导声管将从所述至少一个出声孔处辐射的声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个出声孔包括由内至外依次设置的第一孔部和第二孔部，所述第一孔部和所述第二孔部贯通，且所述第二孔部 的直径大于所述第一孔部的直径。
在一些实施例中，所述腔体沿着所述振膜振动方向的高度不大于3mm。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜的形状为平面或近似平面。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜通过折环固定在所述声学驱动器上，所述折环向远离所述腔体的方向凹陷。
在一些实施例中，所述声学驱动器的背面与所述壳体结构形成所述腔体，所述声学驱动器的正面还设有相对所述振膜设置的保护结构。
在一些实施例中，所述保护结构，被配置为将所述振膜与外界分隔，且能够将振膜发出的声音传播至外界。
在一些实施例中，所述保护结构包括滤网结构。
在一些实施例中，所述保护结构包括带有至少一个出声孔的板体结构。
在一些实施例中，所述腔体通过第一出声孔将声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部，所述声学驱动器的未形成所述腔体的一面通过第二出声孔将声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部，且所述第一出声孔与第二出声孔具有不同的声阻抗。
在一些实施例中，所述声学驱动器正面或背面上高频响应的幅值更大的一面距离耳朵的声程比另一面更近。
在一些实施例中，所述声学驱动器正面或背面上高频率响应中的高频段的幅值更大的一面朝向耳道。
本申请实施例之一提供一种声学输出装置，该声学输出装置包括：声学驱动器，所述声学驱动器包括振膜和磁路结构，所述振膜背朝所述磁路结构的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的正面，所述磁路结构背朝所述振膜的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的背面，所述振膜振动使得所述声学驱动器分别 从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。
在一些实施例中，所述磁路结构包括与所述振膜相对设置的导磁板，所述导磁板上包括至少一个出声孔，所述至少一个出声孔将所述振膜振动产生的声音从所述声学驱动器的背面导出。
在一些实施例中，所述声学驱动器的正面还设有相对所述振膜设置的保护结构，所述保护结构与所述磁路结构连接。
附图说明
本申请将以示例性实施例的方式进一步说明，这些示例性实施例将通过附图进行详细描述。这些实施例并非限制性的，在这些实施例中，相同的编号表示相同的结构，其中：
图1是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的示例性的结构示意图；
图2是图1中声学输出装置中第一出声孔和第二出声孔的频率响应曲线图；
图3是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源的示意图；
图4是根据本申请一些实施例提供的单点声源和双点声源的远场漏音图；
图5是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图6是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图7是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图8是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图9是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图10是根据本申请一些实施例所示的腔体容积不同时声学输出装 置的频率响应曲线图；
图11是根据本申请一些实施例所示的振膜的结构示意图；
图12是根据本申请一些实施例所示的出声孔大小不同时声学输出装置的频率响应曲线图；
图13是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图14是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图15是根据本申请一些实施例所示的腔体容积不同时声学输出装置的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图16是根据本申请一些实施例所示的出声孔大小不同时声学输出装置的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图17是根据本申请一些实施例所示的出声孔位置分布结构示意图；
图18是基于图17(a)所示的出声孔位置的声学驱动器正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图19是基于图17(b)所示的出声孔位置的声学驱动器正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图20是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图21是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图；
图22是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不包含腔体的声学输出装置的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图；
图23是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的佩戴方式的示意图；
图24是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的正面和背面与人体皮肤位置关系的示意图；以及
图25是根据本申请一些实施例所示的壳体结构作为挡板的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
应当理解，本文使用的“系统”、“装置”、“单元”和/或“模组”是用于区分不同级别的不同组件、元件、部件、部分或装配的一种方法。然而，如果其他词语可实现相同的目的，则可通过其他表达来替换所述词语。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。
本申请中使用了流程图用来说明根据本申请的实施例的系统所执行的操作。应当理解的是，前面或后面操作不一定按照顺序来精确地执行。相反，可以按照倒序或同时处理各个步骤。同时，也可以将其他操作添加到这些过程中，或从这些过程移除某一步或数步操作。
图1是根据本申请的一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的示例性的结构示意图。如图1所示，声学输出装置100可以包括内部中空的壳体结构110以及设置在壳体结构110内的声学驱动器120。声学驱动器120可以包括振膜121和磁路结构1220。声学驱动器120还可以包括音圈(图中未示出)。所述音圈可以固定在振膜121朝向磁路结构1220的一侧，并位于磁路结构1220所形成的磁场中。当所述音圈通电后，其可以在磁场的作用下 振动并带动振膜121振动，从而产生声音。为方便描述，振膜121背朝磁路结构1220的一侧(即图1中振膜121的右侧)可以被认为是声学驱动器120的正面，磁路结构1220背朝振膜121的一侧(即图1中磁路结构1220的左侧)可以被认为是声学驱动器120的背面。振膜121振动可以使得声学驱动器120分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。如图1所示，声学驱动器120的正面或振膜121与壳体结构110形成第一腔体111，声学驱动器120的背面与壳体结构110形成第二腔体112。声学驱动器120的正面向第一腔体111辐射声音，声学驱动器120的背面向第二腔体112辐射声音。在一些实施例中，壳体结构110还可以包括第一出声孔113和第二出声孔114，第一出声孔113与第一腔体111连通，第二出声孔113与第二腔体112连通。声学驱动器120正面产生的声音通过第一出声孔113向外界传播，声学驱动器120背面产生的声音通过第二出声孔114向外界传播。在一些实施例中，磁路结构1220可以包括与振膜相对设置的导磁板1221。导磁板1221上开设至少一个出声孔1222(也被称为泄压孔)，用于将振膜121振动产生的声音从声学驱动器120的背面导出并通过第二腔体112向外界传播。该声学输出装置100通过第一出声孔113和第二出声孔114的声辐射形成类似偶极子结构的双声源(或多声源)，产生具有一定指向性的特定声场。需要说明的是，本说明书实施例中的声学输出装置局限于耳机的应用，也可以应用于其它的音频输出设备(例如，助听器、扩音器等)。
图2是图1中第一出声孔和第二出声孔的频率响应曲线图。如图2所示，该声学输出装置100中设置的第一腔体111和第二腔体112会分别导致声学输出装置100在第一出声孔113(图2中的出声孔1)和第二出声孔114(图2中的出声孔2)处辐射的声音在中频或中高频(例如，2000Hz-4000Hz)产生一个谐振峰。在谐振峰之后，第一出声孔113和第二出声孔114处的频率响应的减弱程度会出现差异(第二出声孔114处的频率响应 会更快地减弱)，导致声学输出装置100形成的类偶极子结构在较高频的频率响应不佳(例如，两个出声孔处辐射具有较大幅值差异的声音)，无法很好地抑制声学输出装置100在远场的漏音。另外，从图2中的曲线可以看出，第一出声孔113和第二出声孔114在低频(例如，小于500Hz)的幅值差异很小，且由于第一出声孔113和第二出声孔处114辐射的声音具有相反或近似相反的相位，该声学输出装置100在听音位置(例如，人体耳廓)产生的低频声音会因为声音的反相相消而减弱，从而造成听音位置的低频响应不佳。
为了进一步提高声学输出装置100的声音输出效果，本说明书描述了另一种或多种包括一个声学驱动器的声学输出装置。在用户佩戴所述声学输出装置时，所述声学输出装置至少位于用户头部一侧，靠近但不堵塞用户耳朵。该声学输出装置可以佩戴在用户头部(例如，以眼镜、头带或其它结构方式佩戴的非入耳式的开放式耳机)，或者佩戴在用户身体的其他部位(例如用户的颈部/肩部区域)，或者通过其它方式(例如，用户手持的方式)放置在用户耳朵附近。所述声学输出装置可以包括用于产生声音的声学驱动器和承载所述声学驱动器的壳体结构。在一些实施例中，所述壳体结构仅与所述声学驱动器的正面和背面中的一面形成腔体。所述声学驱动器的正面或背面可以位于所述腔体内或与腔体声学耦合。所述声学驱动器的形成所述腔体的一面(如果有的话)向所述腔体辐射声音，声音可以通过壳体结构的出声孔向外传播。所述声学驱动器的另一面可以向所述声学输出装置的外部直接辐射声音。在一些实施例中，声学驱动器的正面或背面均未与所述壳体结构形成腔体。声学驱动器的正面和背面可以不经过腔体而直接向外界辐射声音。需要知道的是，以上方式可以有效减少所述壳体结构在所述声学驱动器的两侧形成的腔体的数量。在这种情况下，一方面可以有效减小所述声学输出装置的尺寸，另一方面可以避免增加腔 体对所述声学输出装置输出声音的频率特征的影响。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置的壳体结构可以作为挡板隔开声学驱动器的正面和背面。一方面，所述挡板可以增加声学驱动器正面和背面分别向用户耳朵传递声音的声程差(即声学驱动器正面声音和背面声音到达用户耳道的路程差)，使得声音相消的效果变弱，进而增加用户耳朵听到的声音(也称为近场声音)的音量，从而为用户提供较佳的听觉体验。另一方面，所述挡板对声学驱动器正面和背面向环境传播声音(也称为远场声音)的影响很小。声学驱动器正面辐射的声音和背面辐射的声音在远场处仍可以相互抵消，在一定程度上抑制声学输出装置的漏音，同时能够防止声学输出装置产生的声音被该用户附近的他人听见。
仅仅为了方便描述和说明的目的，当声学输出装置上的出声孔尺寸较小时，每个出声孔可以近似视为一个点声源。单点声源产生的声场声压p满足公式(1)：
Figure PCTCN2020106759-appb-000001
其中，ω为角频率，ρ 0为空气密度，r为目标点与声源的距离，Q 0为声源体积速度，k为波数，点声源的声场声压的大小与到点声源的距离呈反比。
如上文所述，可以通过在声学输出装置中设置两个出声孔以构造双点声源来减小声音输出装置向周围环境辐射的声音(即远场漏音)。在一些实施例中，两个出声孔，即双点声源，输出的声音具有一定的相位差。当双点声源之间的位置、相位差等满足一定条件时，可以使得声学输出装置在近场和远场表现出不同的声音效果。例如，当两个出声孔对应的点声源的相位相反，即两个点声源之间的相位差的绝对值为180°时，根据声波反相相消的原理，可实现远场漏音的削减。
如图3所示，双点声源产生的声场声压p满足如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2020106759-appb-000002
其中，A 1、A 2分别为两个点声源的强度，φ 1、φ 2为点声源的相位，d为两个点声源之间的间距，r 1与r 2满足公式(3)：
Figure PCTCN2020106759-appb-000003
其中，r为空间中任一目标点与双点声源中心位置的距离，θ表示该目标点与双点声源中心的连线与双点声源所在直线的夹角。
通过公式(3)可知，声场中目标点的声压p的大小与各点声源强度、间距d、相位以及与声源的距离有关。
图4是根据本申请一些实施例提供的单点声源和双点声源的远场漏音图。如图4所示，在远场，当双点声源的间距一定时，在一定的频率范围内(例如，100Hz-8000Hz)，双点声源产生的漏音音量小于单点声源的漏音音量，即在一定频率范围内时，上述双点声源的降漏音能力高于单点声源的降漏音能力。需要注意的是，本实施例中的声源以点声源作为示例，并未对声源的类型进行限制，在其它的实施例中声源还可以为面声源。
图5是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图。如图5所示，声学输出装置500可以包括壳体结构510以及与壳体结构510连接的声学驱动器520。
在一些实施例中，壳体结构510可以用于佩戴在用户的身体上，并可以承载一个或多个声学驱动器520。在一些实施例中，壳体结构510可以是内部中空的封闭式壳体结构，且一个或多个声学驱动器520与壳体结构510固定连接。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置500可以通过壳体结构510佩戴在用户身体上(例如，人体的头部、颈部或者上部躯干)，同时壳体结构510和声学驱动器520可以靠近但不堵塞耳道，使得用户耳朵保持开放的状态，在用户既能听到声学输出装置500输出的声音的同时，又能获取外部环境 的声音。例如，声学输出装置500可以环绕设置或者部分环绕设置在用户耳朵的周侧。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置500可以与眼镜、头戴式耳机、头戴式显示装置、AR/VR头盔等产品相结合，在这种情况下，壳体结构510可以采用悬挂或夹持的方式固定在用户的耳朵的附近。在一些可替代的实施例中，壳体结构510上可以设有挂钩，且挂钩的形状与耳廓的形状相匹配，从而声学输出装置500可以通过挂钩独立佩戴在用户的耳朵上。独立佩戴使用的声学输出装置500可以通过有线或无线(例如，蓝牙)的方式与信号源(例如，电脑、手机或其他移动设备)通信连接。例如，左右耳处的声学输出装置500可以均通过无线的方式与信号源直接通信连接。又例如，左右耳处的声学输出装置500可以包括第一输出装置和第二输出装置，其中第一输出装置可以与信号源进行通信连接，第二输出装置可以通过无线方式与第一输出装置无线连接，第一输出装置和第二输出装置之间通过一个或多个同步信号实现音频播放的同步。无线连接的方式可以包括但不限于蓝牙、局域网、广域网、无线个域网、近场通讯等或其任意组合。
在一些实施例中，壳体结构510可以为具有人体耳朵适配形状的壳体结构，例如圆环形、椭圆形、多边形(规则或不规则)、U型、V型、半圆形，以便壳体结构510可以直接挂靠在用户的耳朵处。在一些实施例中，壳体结构510还可以包括一个或多个固定结构。所述固定结构可以包括耳挂、头梁或弹性带，使得声学输出装置500可以更好地固定在用户身上，防止用户在使用时发生掉落。仅作为示例性说明，例如，弹性带可以为头带，头带可以被配置为围绕头部区域佩戴。又例如，弹性带可以为颈带，被配置为围绕颈/肩区域佩戴。在一些实施例中，弹性带可以是连续的带状物，并可以被弹性地拉伸以佩戴在用户的头部，同时弹性带还可以对用户的头部施加压力，使得声学输出装置500牢固地固定在用户的头部的特定位置 上。在一些实施例中，弹性带可以是不连续的带状物。例如，弹性带可以包括刚性部分和柔性部分，其中，刚性部分可以由刚性材料(例如，塑料或金属)制成，刚性部分可以与声学输出装置500的壳体结构510通过物理连接(例如，卡接、螺纹连接等)的方式进行固定。柔性部分可以由弹性材料制成(例如，布料、复合材料或/和氯丁橡胶)。
声学驱动器520是一个可以接收电信号，并将其转换为声音信号进行输出的元件。在一些实施例中，按频率进行区分，声学驱动器120的类型可以包括低频(例如，3kHz以下)声学驱动器、中高频(例如，3kHz-7kHz)声学驱动器或高频(例如，大于7kHz)声学驱动器，或其任意组合。当然，这里所说的低频、高频等只表示频率的大致范围，在不同的应用场景中，可以具有不同的划分方式。例如，可以确定一个分频点，低频表示分频点以下的频率范围，高频表示分频点以上的频率。该分频点可以为人耳可听范围内的任意值，例如，500Hz，600Hz，700Hz，800Hz，1000Hz等。在一些实施例中，按原理进行区分，声学驱动器520还可以包括但不限于动圈式、动铁式、压电式、静电式、磁致伸缩式等驱动器。
声学驱动器520可以包括振膜521和磁路结构522。振膜521和磁路结构522沿着振膜521的振动方向依次设置。在一些实施例中，振膜521可以安装在一个盆架(图中未示出)上，所述盆架再固定在磁路结构522上。可替换地，振膜521可以直接与磁路结构522的侧壁固定连接。振膜521背朝磁路结构522的一侧形成声学驱动器520的正面，磁路结构522背朝振膜521的一侧形成声学驱动器520的背面，振膜521振动使得声学驱动器520分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。
声学驱动器520的正面与壳体结构510形成腔体511。声学驱动器520的正面向腔体511辐射声音，声学驱动器520的背面向声学输出装置500的外部辐射声音。在一些实施例中，壳体结构510上设有一个或多个出 声孔512。出声孔512与腔体511声学耦合，并将声学驱动器520向腔体511辐射的声音导出到声学输出装置500的外部。在一些实施例中，磁路结构522可以包括与振膜521相对设置的导磁板523。导磁板523上设有一个或多个出声孔524(也被称为泄压孔)。出声孔524将振膜521振动产生的声音从声学驱动器520的背面导出至声学输出装置500的外部。由于出声孔512和出声孔524分别位于振膜521的两侧，故可认为出声孔512和出声孔524处导出的声音具有相反或者近似相反的相位，因而出声孔512和出声孔524可以构成一组如图3所示的双点声源。
在一些实施例中，振膜521可以嵌入壳体结构510的侧壁。例如，壳体结构510的侧壁上可以开设有安装孔(图中未示出)，振膜521的端部可以固定在安装孔处，从而实现声学驱动器520的正面或振膜521与壳体结构510的腔体511声学耦合。在一些实施例中，声学驱动器520中带有振膜521的一侧可以被容纳在壳体机构510内，且声学驱动器520中磁路结构522的周部与壳体结构510的侧壁连接，使得振膜521位于壳体结构510的内部并与壳体结构510形成腔体511。
图6是图5所示的声学输出装置500的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图。如图6所示，由于声学驱动器520背面产生的声音(图6中的“背腔”对应的曲线)直接通过出声孔524向外部传播，不同于声学驱动器520正面产生的声音需要经过腔体511后再由出声孔512向外部传播的过程(图6中的“出声孔1”对应的曲线)，这样可以使得声学输出装置500在出声孔524处产生的声音的谐振峰位于更高的频率位置(例如，7kHz-8kHz)。在这个情况下，谐振峰之前的频响曲线可以在更大的频率范围内保持较为平坦的分布，从而改善声学输出装置500在高频时的声音输出效果。结合图1、图2、图5和图6，图2是图1中所示的声学输出装置100的频响曲线，图6是图5中所示的声学输出装置500的频响曲线，图5中所示的声 学输出装置500相对于图1中所示的声学输出装置100少一个腔体(例如，第二腔体112)。声学输出装置500的振膜521产生的声波相对于声学输出装置100的振膜121产生的声波在背面少了与该腔体的耦合，使得声学输出装置500中出声孔524和出声孔512处的频率响应曲线在高频的谐振峰位于更高的频率位置(例如，7kHz-8kHz)。另外，出声孔524和出声孔512的频率响应在高频时更加一致，也就是说，在高频时，出声孔524和出声孔512的相位相反，且二者对应的幅值更加一致，在远场，声学驱动器520正面和背面的声波可以相抵消。结合上述描述，在高频时，声学输出装置500相对于声学输出装置100的降漏音效果会变得更好。进一步地，谐振峰之前的频响曲线可以在更大的频率范围内保持较为平坦的分布，使得声学输出装置500在高频时的听音音质也会变得更好。另外，基于声学输出装置500的结构，声学驱动器520在出声孔512和出声孔524处的频率响应在中高频(例如，3kHz-7kHz)的范围内非常接近，也就是说，声学驱动器520正面对应的频率响应和背面对应的频率响应在中高频的范围内非常接近。因而声学驱动器520正面和背面可以辐射相位相反或近似相反的声波。在远场，声学驱动器520正面和背面的声波可以相抵消，使得声学输出装置500在中高频的漏音可以显著减小。
在低频段(例如，3kHz以下)，出声孔512的频率响应(图6中“出声孔1”对应的曲线)的幅值大于出声孔524的频率响应(图6中“背腔”对应的曲线)的幅值。因此，在近场，从出声孔512辐射到用户耳朵的声音的幅值会大于从出声孔524辐射到用户耳朵的声音的幅值，声波反相相消的效果较弱，可以提升听音位置(即用户耳朵)在低频的听音音量。可选地，当出声孔512朝向耳朵或者离耳朵更近时，从出声孔512辐射到用户耳朵的声音的幅值与从出声孔524辐射到用户耳朵的声音的幅值的差异会进一步增大，声波反相相消的效果会被进一步削弱，因而听音位置的 低频听音音量会更大。在远场，由于人耳对低频不敏感，尽管从出声孔512和出声孔524向外辐射的声音的幅值不同，但人耳感知到的漏音并不会显著增加。
在高频段(高于7kHz)，出声孔512的频响的幅值明显大于出声孔524的频响的幅值，该声学输出装置500在高频有较强的指向性，因此可以利用声波在高频的指向性来实现增加近场听音音量和降低远场漏音音量的效果。高频的声波波长相对于中频和低频的波长较短，使得高频的声波具有较强的指向性。高频声波的指向性强，也就是说，其指向的方向音量较大，其他方向音量较小。例如，当用户佩戴声学输出装置500时，出声孔512可以靠近耳道，出声孔524远离耳道。在高频时，由于出声孔524处的声波没有指向耳道，可以通过抑制出声524辐射的高频声波，使得出声孔524的高频频响尽量低。当出声孔512处产生的高频声波都指向耳朵时，耳朵听到的高频声音比较大，其他方向的声音小(也就是说出声孔524的漏音音量小)，因此出声孔512的频响的幅值明显大于出声孔524的频响的幅值，可以使得声学输出装置500增加近场听音音量和降低远场漏音音量的效果。需要注意的是，关于上述实施例中的出声孔512的频率响应可以视为声学驱动器520正面对应的频率响应，出声孔524的频率响应可以视为学驱动器520背面对应的频率响应。
图7是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图。如图7所示，在一些实施例中，出声孔524可以包括由内至外依次设置的第一孔部5241和第二孔部5242。第一孔部5241和第二孔部5242贯通，且第二孔部5242的尺寸不同于第一孔部5221的尺寸。例如，当第一孔部5241和第二孔部5242都是圆形时，第二孔部5242的直径可以大于或者小于第一孔部5241的直径。需要注意的是，以上描述的出声孔524的第一孔部5241和第二孔部5242的形状不限于圆形，还可以为半圆形、1/4圆形、 椭圆形、半椭圆形、多边形等，在此不作进一步限定。
需要知道的是，在出声孔524的位置设置第一孔部5241和第二孔部5242可以调节声学驱动器520背面向外辐射声音(即，从出声孔524向外部辐射声音)的频率响应。在一些可替代的实施例中，出声孔524也可以为截面积由内至外逐渐增大或者逐渐减小的孔部。在一些实施例中，声学驱动器520的背面可以开设有多个出声孔524。不同出声孔524可以具有相同或者不同的结构设置。
图8是图7所示的声学输出装置的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图。如图8所示，在中高频段(如5kHz-6kHz)，出声孔512处的频率响应(图8中“出声孔1”对应的曲线)和出声孔524处的频率响应(图8中“背腔”对应的曲线)非常接近，因此出声孔512和出声孔524可以被视为具有相同幅值的双点声源。且由于出声孔524发出的声波和出声孔524发出的声波相位相反，声学输出装置在该中高频段的远场漏音可以显著减小。在高频段(如7kHz-9kHz)，由于出声孔512处的频率响应的幅值大于出声孔524处的频率响应的幅值，可以利用声波在高频段的指向性来实现增加近场听音音量和降低远场漏音音量的效果。
在一些实施例中，可以通过调整出声孔524和/或出声孔512的结构、尺寸、形状、位置等调节出声孔512和出声孔524的频响，从而提高声学输出装置的声学输出效果。当出声孔512和出声孔524的尺寸或位置改变时，出声孔512和出声孔524处的频响改变情况可以参见本申请图12、图17和图18及其相关描述。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，出声孔524处还可以设有导声管525。导声管525可以沿远离振膜的方向设置，即导声管525可以从出声孔524处向声学输出装置的外部延伸。导声管525可以将从出声孔处524辐射的声音导出到声学输出装置的外部。在一些实施例中，出声孔524处的导声 管525可以调节声学驱动器520背面向外辐射声音(即，从出声孔524向外部辐射声音)的频响。例如，可以通过调节导声管管径或截面积以调整导声管525对应的频响。在一些实施例中，导声管525可以为直管或截面积沿远离振膜521的方向渐增的管体结构。
图10是图9所示的声学输出装置在腔体容积不同时的频率响应曲线图。在一些实施例中，通过调整腔体511的容积可以提高声学输出装置在高频时的声学输出效果。如图9和图10所示，腔体511(图10中的“前腔”)的容积越小，出声孔512的频响中谐振峰的频率位置越靠后。为方便描述，在本说明书的实施例中，腔体容积可以近似认为正比于振膜面积与有效高度h的乘积。有效高度h可以是指腔体511沿着振膜521振动方向的高度。在一些实施例中，腔体有效高度h不超过3mm；优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过2mm；优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过1mm；更优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过0.5mm；进一步优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过0.4mm。在一些实施例中，通过设置腔体511的容积，可以使得出声孔512的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于3kHz；优选地，通过设置腔体511的容积，可以使得出声孔512的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于5kHz；更优选地，通过设置腔体511的容积，可以使得出声孔512的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于7kHz。
振膜的形态也会影响腔体的容积。由于声学驱动器的振膜在振动时有一定的振动幅度，在保证腔体的容积较小的同时需要为振膜预留一定的振动空间，以防止振膜振动时与壳体结构碰撞而产生破音。因此，振膜的顶端(即，振膜朝向腔体的端面)到腔体内朝向振膜的内壁的间隙需要大于振膜的振动幅度。
在一些实施例中，振膜可以为球形振膜或锥形振膜。如图11(a)所示，当振膜为球形振膜或锥形振膜时，由于振膜1110的顶端和外凸的折环 1111凸起高于其他部分(即，振膜1110的顶端更加靠近腔体的内壁)，腔体需要留有额外的容积，以防止振膜1110的顶端与腔体的内壁发生碰撞。在一些实施例中，振膜可以为平面振膜。在本说明书的实施例中，平面振膜可以是指振膜形状为平面或近似为平面的振膜。如图11(b)所示，当振膜为平面振膜1120时，平面振膜1120与其位置相对的腔体内壁之间的间距相比于球形振膜或锥形振膜较小，从而有助于减小腔体的容积。但是，由于折环1121相对于平面振膜1120向外凸出，平面振膜1120与其位置相对的腔体内壁之间仍需保持一定间距。如图11(c)所示，在一些实施例中，为了进一步减少振膜1130与腔体内壁之间的间距，振膜1130的折环1131可以向远离腔体的方向凹陷，此时壳体结构的内腔不需要为折环1131预留空间，从而减少了腔体的容积，使得腔体上出声孔处的高频谐振峰位置位于频率较高的位置，从而提高声学输出装置的声学输出效果。
在一些实施例中，通过调整出声孔(例如，出声孔512)的尺寸可以提高声学输出装置在高频的声学输出效果。如图12所示，出声孔的尺寸越大，出声孔的频响中谐振峰的位置越靠后。在一些实施例中，出声孔的截面积不小于0.25mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于0.5mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于1mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于2mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于4mm 2；更优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于7mm 2；进一步优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于10mm 2。在一些实施例中，通过设置出声孔的截面积，可以使得出声孔的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于3kHz；优选地，通过设置出声孔的截面积，可以使得出声孔的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于4kHz；更优选地，通过设置出声孔的截面积，可以使得出声孔的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于5kHz。
回到图6，当频率在3kHz以下时，声学驱动器正面的出声孔对应的频率响应的幅值高于声学驱动器背面的出声孔(即，泄压孔)对应的频率 响应的幅值。因而，在3kHz以下，从声学驱动器正面的出声孔辐射出的声音和从声学驱动器背面的出声孔辐射出的声音在远场的相消效果减弱，声学输出装置的漏音会比较大。在一些实施例中，考虑到人耳对500Hz以下频段的漏音不太敏感，只需进一步减小声学输出装置在500Hz-3kHz频段的漏音。以声学输出装置500为例进行说明，在一些实施例中，可以通过增大出声孔524的尺寸和/或数量，以增大出声孔524对应的频响的幅值，从而减小声学输出装置在500Hz-3kHz频段范围内出声孔512对应的频响和出声孔524对应的频响的差异。当出声孔512和出声孔524对应的频响足够接近时，出声孔512产生的声波与出声孔524产生的声波可以进行反相相消，从而降低声学输出装置在该频段的漏音音量。在一些实施例中，可以通过调节声学输出装置的出声孔512和出声孔524处的阻抗，以降低声学输出装置在中低频段(例如，500Hz-3kHz)的漏音。例如，可以在出声孔512和/或出声孔524处设置声阻尼结构(例如，调音网、调音棉、导声管等结构)，以调节两个出声孔对应频响的幅值，进一步降低声学输出装置在中低频的漏音音量。具体地，参照图6显示的出声孔对应的频响曲线，可以在出声孔512处设置具有较大阻抗的阻尼结构，而在出声孔524处不设置阻尼结构或者设置具有较小阻抗的阻尼结构，这样可以使得两个出声孔对应的频响在中低频段的范围内更加接近。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置的腔体位置可以不限于在上述描述的声学驱动器的正面。图13是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图。如图13所示，声学输出装置1300可以包括壳体结构1310以及与壳体结构1310连接的声学驱动器1320。声学驱动器1320可以包括振膜1321和磁路结构1322。振膜1321和磁路结构1322沿着振膜1321的振动方向依次设置。在一些实施例中，振膜1321可以安装在一个盆架(图中未示出)上，所述盆架再固定在磁路结构1322上。可替换地，振膜1321 可以直接与磁路结构1322的侧壁固定连接。振膜1321背朝磁路结构1320的一侧形成声学驱动器1320的正面，磁路结构1322背朝振膜1321的一侧形成声学驱动器1320的背面，振膜1321振动使得声学驱动器1320分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。声学驱动器1320的背面与壳体结构1310形成腔体1311，声学驱动器1320的背面向腔体1311辐射声音，声学驱动器1320的正面向声学输出装置1300的外部辐射声音。在一些实施例中，磁路结构1322可以包括与振膜1321相对设置的导磁板1323，导磁板1323上设有一个或多个出声孔1324(也被称为泄压孔)。出声孔1324将振膜1321振动产生的声音从声学驱动器1320的背面导出至腔体1311。在一些实施例中，壳体结构1310可以设有一个或多个出声孔1312。出声孔1312与腔体1311声学耦合，并将声学驱动器1320向腔体1311辐射的声音导出到声学输出装置1300的外部。在一些情况下，可认为振膜1321的正面直接向外界传播的声音和出声孔1312导出的声音具有相反或者近似相反的相位，因而振膜1321的正面和出声孔1324可以构成一组如图3所示的双声源。
在一些实施例中，振膜1321可以嵌入壳体结构1310的侧壁处，振膜1321正面产生的声音可以直接向外界传播。例如，壳体结构1310的侧壁上可以开设有安装孔(图中未示出)，振膜1321位于安装孔处。在一些实施例中，振膜1321还可以不位于壳体结构1310上。例如，声学驱动器1320中带有振膜1321的一侧可以相对于壳体结构1310向外突出或向内凹陷，声学驱动器1320可以通过磁路结构1322与壳体结构1310固定连接。
图14是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学驱动器正面和背面对应的频率响应曲线图。结合图2和图14，在100Hz-10kHz的频率范围内，本实施例提供的声学输出装置1300中声学驱动器1320的正面和背面对应的频响的一致性相对于声学输出装置100中声学驱动器120的正面和背面对应的频响的一致性显著提升。在这种情况下，由于声学驱动器1320正面 和背面的声波相位相反或近似相反，从声学驱动器1320正面和背面辐射的声波在远场可以相互抵消，从而提高了声学输出装置1300在各频段的降漏音效果。
在一些实施例中，通过调整腔体1311的容积可以提高声学输出装置1300在高频时的声学输出效果。如图15所示，在中高频段(如，3kHz-7kHz)，腔体1311(这里也被称为后腔)的容积较小时(图15中所示的“小后腔容积-正面”)声学驱动器1320的正面对应的频响曲线相对于腔体1311的容积较大时(图15中所示的“大后腔容积-正面”)声学驱动器1320的正面对应的频响曲线较为平坦。也就是说，腔体1311的容积越小，声学驱动器1320正面的中高频响应越好。另外，腔体1311的容积较小时(图15中所示的“小后腔容积-背面”)声学驱动器1320背面对应的频响曲线相对于腔体1311的容积较大时(图15中所示的“大后腔容积-背面”)声学驱动器1320背面对应的频响曲线具有更高的谐振峰的位置。也就是说，腔体1311的容积越小，声学驱动器1320背面对应的谐振峰的频率越靠后。
在一些实施例中，通过调整腔体1311的有效高度可以提高声学输出装置1300在高频的声学输出效果。在一些实施例中，腔体有效高度h不超过3mm；优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过2mm；优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过1mm；更优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过0.5mm；较为优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过0.4mm；更较为优选地，腔体有效高度h不超过0.2mm。在一些实施例中，通过设置腔体1311的容积，可以使得出声孔1312的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于2.5kHz；优选地，通过设置腔体1311的容积，可以使得出声孔1312的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于5kHz；更优选地，通过设置腔体1311的容积，可以使得出声孔1312的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于7kHz。更优选地，通过设置腔体1311的容积，可以使得出声孔1312的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于10kHz。关于腔体容积和有效高度h的详细 内容可以参考本申请说明书图10及其相关内容。
在一些实施例中，通过调整出声孔1312的尺寸可以提高声学输出装置在高频的声学输出效果。如图16所示，在中高频段(如，3kHz-7kHz)，出声孔1312较大时(图16中所示的“大出声孔-正面”)声学驱动器1320正面对应的频响曲线相对于出声孔1312的尺寸较小时(图16中所示的“小出声孔-正面”)声学驱动器1320正面对应的频响曲线较为平坦。也就是说，出声孔1312的尺寸越大，声学驱动器1320正面的中高频响应越好。另外，出声孔1312的尺寸较大时(图16中所示的“大出声孔-背面”)声学驱动器1320背面对应的频响曲线相对于出声孔1312的尺寸较小时(图16中所示的“小出声孔-背面”)声学驱动器1320背面对应的频响曲线具有更高的谐振峰的位置。也就是说，出声孔1312的尺寸越大，声学驱动器1320背面对应的谐振峰的频率越靠后，声学输出装置的中高频响应越好。在一些实施例中，出声孔的截面积不小于0.25mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于0.5mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于1mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于2mm 2；优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于4mm 2；更优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于7mm 2；进一步优选地，出声孔的截面积不小于10mm 2。在一些实施例中，通过设置出声孔的截面积，可以使得出声孔的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于3kHz；优选地，通过设置出声孔的截面积，可以使得出声孔的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于4kHz；更优选地，通过设置出声孔的截面积，可以使得出声孔的频响中谐振峰的频率不小于5kHz。
在一些实施例中，通过调整出声孔1312的位置可以提高声学输出装置在高频的声学输出效果。在一些实施例中，出声孔可以靠近壳体结构上与声学驱动器正面或反面位置相对的侧壁(以下简称为壳体结构正侧壁)的中心位置。当出声孔靠近壳体结构正侧壁的中心位置时，声学驱动器1320正面和背面的频率响应曲线具有较高的一致性。在这种情况下，由于声学 驱动器1320正面和背面辐射的声波相位相反或近似相反，从声学驱动器1320正面和背面辐射的声波在远场可以相抵消，从而提高了声学输出装置1300在各频段的降漏音效果。图17是根据本申请一些实施例所示的出声孔位置分布结构示意图。图17(a)所示的出声孔1701远离壳体结构正侧壁的中心位置，图17(b)所示的出声孔1702靠近壳体结构正侧壁的中心位置。图18是基于图17(a)所示的出声孔位置的声学驱动器正面和背面的频率响应曲线图。图19是基于图17(b)所示的出声孔位置的声学驱动器正面和背面的频率响应曲线图。如图18所示，在中高频或高频范围内(如，3kHz-10kHz)，当出声孔1701远离壳体结构正侧壁的中心位置时，声学驱动器正面和背面的频率响应曲线差异较大，会造成声学输出装置在该频段的漏音较大。如图19所示，在100Hz-10kHz的范围内，当出声孔1702靠近壳体结构侧壁的中心位置时，声学驱动器正面和背面的频率响应曲线一致性高。在这种情况下，在远场，从声学驱动器正面和背面辐射的声波可以相抵消，从而能够提高声学输出装置在该频段的降漏音效果。需要注意的是，在其他的实施例中，出声孔1701和出声孔1702的数量可以不限于一个，还可以为两个、三个或者更多。当壳体结构正侧壁上设有多个出声孔时，这些出声孔可以全部位于靠近壳体结构侧壁的中心位置，或者全部位于远离壳体结构侧壁的中心位置，或者分别位于靠近壳体结构侧壁的中心位置和远离壳体结构侧壁的中心位置。另外，出声孔1701和出声孔1702的形状不限于图17中的圆形，还可以为半圆形、椭圆形等。本领域技术人员可以根据具体情况对出声孔1701、出声孔1702的数量和形状做适应性调整，在此不做进一步限定。关于上述出声孔靠近壳体结构正侧壁中心位置的应用场景不单单局限于图13所示的声学输出装置1300中，同样适用于本申请其它实施例中的声学输出装置，例如，图1、图5、图7、图9等所示的声学输出装置。
在一些实施例中，参照图14显示的声学驱动器正面和背面对应的频率响应曲线，可以通过调节声学输出装置的出声孔1312处的阻抗(例如，在出声孔1312处设置具有一定阻抗的阻尼结构)，以使得声学驱动器正面和背面对应的频率响应曲线在一定的频率范围内(例如，500Hz-3kHz)更加接近，从而降低声学输出装置在该频率范围内的漏音。例如，可以在出声孔1312处设置声阻尼结构(例如，调音网、调音棉、导声管等结构)，以减小声学驱动器背面对应的频响的幅值，使其接近或等同于声学驱动器正面对应的频响的幅值。
图20是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的结构示意图。如图20所示的声学输出装置2000和图13所示的声学输出装置1300的结构大体相同，关于壳体结构2010、声学驱动器2020、振膜2021、磁路结构2022、导磁板2023、出声孔2024以及出声孔2012可以参考图13及其相关内容。图20所示的声学输出装置2000和图13所示的声学输出装置1300的区别之处在于，在一些实施例中，为了对振膜2021进行保护，在振膜2021的外侧还可以设有保护结构2030。保护结构2030可以与壳体结构2010固定连接。在一些实施例中，保护结构2030是允许将振膜2021正面产生的声波向外界传播的结构。例如，保护结构2030可以是滤网结构。又例如，保护结构2030可以是带有孔的板体结构等。在一些实施例中，保护结构2030与振膜2021的正面之间具有一定的间距，该间距可以防止振膜2021在振动过程中与保护结构2030发生碰撞。关于振膜2021的类型和结构可以参考本申请图11所示的振膜，在此不做赘述。
图21是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的结构示意图。图21所示的声学输出装置2100相对于图5所示的声学输出装置500或图13所示的声学输出装置1300的不同之处在于，图21所示的声学输出装置2100不包括由壳体结构和声学驱动器形成的腔体。如图21所示，声学输出 装置2100可以包括声学驱动器2110，声学驱动器2110可以包括振膜2121和磁路结构2122。振膜2121和磁路结构2122沿着振膜2121的振动方向依次设置。在一些实施例中，振膜2121可以安装在一个盆架(图中未示出)上，所述盆架再固定在磁路结构2122上。可替换地，振膜2121可以直接与磁路结构2122的侧壁固定连接。振膜2121背朝磁路结构2122的一侧形成声学驱动器2110的正面，磁路结构2122背朝振膜2121的一侧形成声学驱动器2110的背面，振膜2121振动使得声学驱动器2110分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。声学驱动器2110的正面直接向外界辐射声波。磁路结构2122的导磁板2123设有一个或多个出声孔2124。出声孔2124将振膜2121振动产生的声音从声学驱动器2110的背面直接导出至外界。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置2100还可以包括保护结构2130，保护结构2130可以与磁路结构2122固定连接。关于保护结构2130的详细内容可以参考上述的保护结构2030。在一些实施例中，可以认为出声孔2124处导出的声音与振膜2121正面辐射的声音具有相反或者近似相反的相位，因而出声孔2124和振膜2121的正面可以构成一组如图3所示的双声源。
图22是基于本申请图21所示的声学输出装置2100的正面和背面的频率响应曲线图。如图22所示，当声学输出装置2100不包括由壳体结构和声学驱动器形成的腔体时，该声学输出装置2100(声学驱动器2110的正面和背面)输出的频率响应在高频的谐振峰均位于较高的频率位置(如，大于6kHz)。在10kHz以上的高频段，声学输出装置2100产生有一定指向性的特定声场，可以利用声波在高频的指向性来实现近场听音音量大，远场漏音音量小的效果。在中高频(如，3kHz-7kHz)，声学输出装置2100的正面和背面的频率响应非常接近，且由于正面和背面的声波相位相反，声学输出装置2100在该频率范围内的漏音可以显著减小。在低频段(如，3kHz以下)，虽然声学输出装置2100的正面和背面的频率相应具有一定 的差异，但由于人耳对低频的漏音不敏感，因此在该频率范围内可以不需要减弱远场漏音。可选地，可以在振膜2121处设置具有较大阻抗的阻尼结构，而在出声孔2124处不设置阻尼结构或者设置具有较小阻抗的阻尼结构，这样可以使得声学驱动器2110正面和背面对应的频响在中低频段的范围内更加接近。关于本实施例中利用声波在高频的指向性来实现近场听音音量大和远场漏音漏音小的效果可以参考本申请图5及其相关描述。
在一些实施例中，用户在佩戴上述声学输出装置时，声学输出装置的佩戴位置可以为使用者上半部躯干。例如，佩戴位置为头部且靠近耳朵。如图23所示，图中的长方形结构为声学输出装置。如图23中的图a和图b所示，声学输出装置的出声位置(例如，出声孔、泄压孔或振膜)可以在耳廓矢量面投影之内(如，耳甲腔)或者耳廓矢量面投影之外。如图23中的图c和图d所示，声学输出装置也可以通过相应的结构(如，挂钩)悬于耳道之上，但是不堵塞耳道。
在一些实施例中，为了提高声学输出装置的声学输出效果，可以利用声学输出装置的壳体结构作为挡板，在不增加远场漏音的情况下，增加听音位置的音量。如图24所示，声学输出装置2400(的声学驱动器)正面的出声位置2410和背面的出声位置2420(例如，出声孔、泄压孔或振膜)分别位于声学输出装置2400上位置相反的两侧，被声学输出装置2400的外壳(例如，壳体结构)隔开。这样，声学输出装置2400的外壳可以起到挡板的作用。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置2400正面或背面上高频响应的幅值更大的一面(例如，图8中“出声孔1”所在的一面，图18中声学驱动器的正面)距离耳朵的声程比另一面更近。优选地，声学输出装置2400上正面或背面高频响应的幅值更大的一面朝向耳道。
关于将声学输出装置的壳体结构作为挡板的原理如图25所示。在近场，“挡板”(例如，壳体结构)增加了远离听音位置的声源A 2到听音位 置的声程，因而减弱了声源A 2到达听音位置的反相声波的强度。在这种情况下，声源A1和声源A2发出的声音在听音位置处干涉相消的程度被减弱，从而增加了听音位置的音量。而在远场，“挡板”(壳体结构)对于声源A 1和声源A 2的声程的影响很小，远场的漏音基本不变。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请的各方面可以通过若干具有可专利性的种类或情况进行说明和描述，包括任何新的和有用的工序、机器、产品或物质的组合，或对他们的任何新的和有用的改进。相应地，本申请的各个方面可以完全由硬件执行、可以完全由软件(包括固件、常驻软件、微码等)执行、也可以由硬件和软件组合执行。以上硬件或软件均可被称为“数据块”、“模块”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”或“系统”。此外，本申请的各方面可能表现为位于一个或多个计算机可读介质中的计算机产品，该产品包括计算机可读程序编码。
计算机存储介质可能包含一个内含有计算机程序编码的传播数据信号，例如在基带上或作为载波的一部分。该传播信号可能有多种表现形式， 包括电磁形式、光形式等，或合适的组合形式。计算机存储介质可以是除计算机可读存储介质之外的任何计算机可读介质，该介质可以通过连接至一个指令执行系统、装置或设备以实现通讯、传播或传输供使用的程序。位于计算机存储介质上的程序编码可以通过任何合适的介质进行传播，包括无线电、电缆、光纤电缆、RF、或类似介质，或任何上述介质的组合。
本申请各部分操作所需的计算机程序编码可以用任意一种或多种程序语言编写，包括面向对象编程语言如Java、Scala、Smalltalk、Eiffel、JADE、Emerald、C++、C#、VB.NET、Python等，常规程序化编程语言如C语言、Visual Basic、Fortran 2003、Perl、COBOL 2002、PHP、ABAP，动态编程语言如Python、Ruby和Groovy，或其他编程语言等。该程序编码可以完全在用户计算机上运行、或作为独立的软件包在用户计算机上运行、或部分在用户计算机上运行部分在远程计算机运行、或完全在远程计算机或服务器上运行。在后种情况下，远程计算机可以通过任何网络形式与用户计算机连接，比如局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)，或连接至外部计算机(例如通过因特网)，或在云计算环境中，或作为服务使用如软件即服务(SaaS)。
此外，除非权利要求中明确说明，本申请所述处理元素和序列的顺序、数字字母的使用、或其他名称的使用，并非用于限定本申请流程和方法的顺序。尽管上述披露中通过各种示例讨论了一些目前认为有用的发明实施例，但应当理解的是，该类细节仅起到说明的目的，附加的权利要求并不仅限于披露的实施例，相反，权利要求旨在覆盖所有符合本申请实施例实质和范围的修正和等价组合。例如，虽然以上所描述的系统组件可以通过硬件设备实现，但是也可以只通过软件的解决方案得以实现，如在现有的服务器或移动设备上安装所描述的系统。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本申请披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本申请实施例的描述中，有时会将多种 特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本申请对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本申请一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
针对本申请引用的每个专利、专利申请、专利申请公开物和其他材料，如文章、书籍、说明书、出版物、文档等，特此将其全部内容并入本申请作为参考。与本申请内容不一致或产生冲突的申请历史文件除外，对本申请权利要求最广范围有限制的文件(当前或之后附加于本申请中的)也除外。需要说明的是，如果本申请附属材料中的描述、定义、和/或术语的使用与本申请所述内容有不一致或冲突的地方，以本申请的描述、定义和/或术语的使用为准。
最后，应当理解的是，本申请中所述实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地，本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种声学输出装置，其特征在于，包括：
    声学驱动器，所述声学驱动器包括振膜和磁路结构，所述振膜背朝所述磁路结构的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的正面，所述磁路结构背朝所述振膜的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的背面，所述振膜振动使得所述声学驱动器分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音；以及
    壳体结构，被配置为承载所述声学驱动器，其中，
    所述声学驱动器的正面和背面中的一面与所述壳体结构形成腔体，所述声学驱动器的形成所述腔体的一面向所述腔体辐射声音，所述声学驱动器的另一面向所述声学输出装置的外部辐射声音。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述壳体结构包括至少一个出声孔，所述至少一个出声孔与所述腔体声学耦合，并将所述声学驱动器向所述腔体辐射的声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个出声孔靠近所述壳体结构上面朝所述声学驱动器的一侧的中心位置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个出声孔的横截面积不小于0.25mm 2。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个出声孔处设有声阻尼结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述磁路结构包括与所述振膜相对设置的导磁板，所述导磁板上包括至少一个出声孔，所述至少一个出声孔将所述振膜振动产生的声音从所述声学驱动器的背面导出。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述声学驱动器的正面与所述壳体结构形成所述腔体，所述至少一个出声孔将所述振膜振动产生的声音从所述声学驱动器的背面导出到所述声学输出装置的外部。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个出声孔处沿远离所述振膜的方向设有导声管，所述导声管将从所述至少一个出声孔处辐射的声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个出声孔包括由内至外依次设置的第一孔部和第二孔部，所述第一孔部和所述第二孔部贯通，且所述第二孔部的直径大于所述第一孔部的直径。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述腔体沿着所述振膜振动方向的高度不大于3mm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述振膜的形状为平面或近似平面。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述振膜通过折环固定在所述声学驱动器上，所述折环向远离所述腔体的方向凹陷。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述声学驱动器的背面与所述壳体结构形成所述腔体，所述声学驱动器的正面还设有相对所述振膜设置的保护结构。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述保护结构，被配置为将所述振膜与外界分隔，且能够将振膜发出的声音传播至外界。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述保护结构包括滤网结构。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述保护结构包 括带有至少一个出声孔的板体结构。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述腔体通过第一出声孔将声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部，所述声学驱动器的未形成所述腔体的一面通过第二出声孔将声音导出到所述声学输出装置的外部，且所述第一出声孔与第二出声孔具有不同的声阻抗。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述声学驱动器正面或背面上高频响应的幅值更大的一面距离耳朵的声程比另一面更近。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述声学驱动器正面或背面上高频率响应的幅值更大的一面朝向耳道。
  20. 一种声学输出装置，其特征在于，其特征在于，包括：
    声学驱动器，所述声学驱动器包括振膜和磁路结构，所述振膜背朝所述磁路结构的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的正面，所述磁路结构背朝所述振膜的一侧形成所述声学驱动器的背面，所述振膜振动使得所述声学驱动器分别从其正面和背面直接向外辐射声音。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述磁路结构包 括与所述振膜相对设置的导磁板，所述导磁板上包括至少一个出声孔，所述至少一个出声孔将所述振膜振动产生的声音从所述声学驱动器的背面导出。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述声学驱动器的正面还设有相对所述振膜设置的保护结构，所述保护结构与所述磁路结构连接。
PCT/CN2020/106759 2019-09-19 2020-08-04 一种声学输出装置 Ceased WO2021052046A1 (zh)

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JP2022517900A JP7682551B2 (ja) 2019-09-19 2020-08-04 音響出力装置
AU2020350921A AU2020350921B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2020-08-04 Acoustic output apparatus
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EP20948847.7A EP4109925A4 (en) 2019-09-19 2020-12-29 ACOUSTIC EXIT DEVICE
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