WO2021065162A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021065162A1 WO2021065162A1 PCT/JP2020/028208 JP2020028208W WO2021065162A1 WO 2021065162 A1 WO2021065162 A1 WO 2021065162A1 JP 2020028208 W JP2020028208 W JP 2020028208W WO 2021065162 A1 WO2021065162 A1 WO 2021065162A1
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide having a high Ni content has been attracting attention as a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that greatly contributes to increasing the capacity of a battery.
- a positive electrode in which two types of positive electrode active materials having different average particle sizes are used in combination is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the combination of the small particles and the large particles having a large particle size difference improves the packing density of the active material in the positive electrode mixture layer, and further increases the capacity of the battery.
- the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one aspect of the present disclosure, contains a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A and a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A and the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B contain 55 mol% or more of Ni with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li, and the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A has an average primary order.
- the lithium composite oxide B contained has an average primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less, an average secondary particle size of 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, a particle breaking load of 10 mN to 35 mN, and a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m 2 / g to. It is 1.0 m 2 / g.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode active material which is one aspect of the present disclosure, can provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high capacity and good cycle characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram schematically showing a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A which is an example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram schematically showing a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B which is an example of the embodiment.
- the combined use of two types of Ni-containing lithium composite oxides having different average particle sizes greatly contributes to increasing the capacity of the battery, but suppresses the occurrence of particle cracking in both small particles and large particles. , It is not easy to suppress the deterioration of capacity.
- the present inventor has diligently studied such a problem and succeeded in suppressing the occurrence of particle cracking for small particles and large particles by different mechanisms.
- the BET specific surface area is 0.1 m 2 / g to 1.0 m while increasing the contact area between the primary particles by reducing the primary particle size to 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle breaking strength can be increased to 10 mN to 35 mN by reducing the particle size to 2 / g.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high capacity and good cycle characteristics can be realized by using a combination of small particles and large particles of Ni-containing lithium composite oxide in which the particle breaking load is high and the occurrence of particle cracking is suppressed. ..
- the battery case is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and is not limited to the cylindrical shape, for example, a square shape, a coin shape, or the like. It may be a battery case made of a laminated sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer. Further, the electrode body is not limited to the wound structure, and may be a laminated type electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated via a separator.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 which is an example of the embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a wound electrode body 14, a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown), and a battery case 15 accommodating the electrode body 14 and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 has a winding structure in which a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12 are wound via a separator 13.
- the battery case 15 is composed of a bottomed tubular outer can 16 and a sealing body 17 that closes the opening of the outer can 16.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a resin gasket 28 arranged between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17.
- the electrode body 14 includes a long positive electrode 11, a long negative electrode 12, two long separators 13, a positive electrode tab 20 bonded to the positive electrode 11, and a negative electrode bonded to the negative electrode 12. It is composed of tabs 21.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed to have a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent the precipitation of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (short direction).
- the two separators 13 are formed to have a size at least one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11, and are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11, for example.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode tab 20 attached to the positive electrode 11 extends to the sealing body 17 side through the through hole of the insulating plate 18, and the negative electrode tab 21 attached to the negative electrode 12 passes through the outside of the insulating plate 19. It extends to the bottom side of the outer can 16.
- the positive electrode tab 20 is connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate 23 of the sealing body 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 electrically connected to the bottom plate 23, serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode tab 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- the outer can 16 is, for example, a bottomed cylindrical metal container. As described above, a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17, and the internal space of the battery case 15 is sealed.
- the outer can 16 has a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing body 17, which is formed by pressing, for example, a side surface portion from the outside.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16, and the sealing body 17 is supported on the upper surface thereof. Further, the upper end portion of the outer can 16 is bent inward and crimped to the peripheral edge portion of the sealing body 17.
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which a bottom plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are laminated in this order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at their respective central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between the respective peripheral portions.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, the separator 13, and the non-aqueous electrolyte constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 will be described in detail, and in particular, the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode 11 will be described in detail.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode current collector 30 and a positive electrode mixture layer 31 formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 30.
- a metal foil stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder. The thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m on one side of the current collector.
- the positive electrode 11 is formed by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and the like onto a positive electrode current collector 30, drying the coating film, and then compressing the positive electrode mixture layer 31. It can be manufactured by forming it on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 30.
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite.
- Examples of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimides, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. These resins may be used in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the like.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 contains two types of Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B having different average primary particle diameters and average secondary particles as the positive electrode active material.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B are composite oxides containing at least Li and Ni.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 may contain a positive electrode active material other than the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B as long as the object of the present disclosure is not impaired, but in the present embodiment, the positive electrode active material It is assumed that only Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B are contained.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram schematically showing a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A
- FIG. 2B is a diagram schematically showing a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B are secondary particles formed by aggregating primary particles 32 and 33, respectively.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A (secondary particles) has a smaller particle size than the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B (secondary particles).
- the primary particles 32 constituting the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A are larger than the primary particles 33 constituting the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B are composite oxides in which the ratio of Ni to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li is 55 mol% or more, preferably 80 mol% or more, and more preferably 85 mol% or more. ..
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B may contain elements other than Li and Ni, for example, Co, Mn, Mg, Zr, Mo, W, Al, Cr, V, Ce, Ti, Fe, It contains at least one element selected from Si, K, Ga, In, B, Ca and Na.
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B contain at least one of Co and Mn, preferably at least Co, and Mg, Zr, Mo, W, Al, Cr, V, Ce, Ti, Fe, K, Ga, It contains at least one metal element selected from In and B.
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A preferred example of B is represented by the general formula Li ⁇ Ni x Co y M ( 1-x-y) O 2 (wherein, 1.00 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.15,0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, and M is a composite oxide represented by an element other than Li, Ni, and Co).
- M in the formula is at least one selected from, for example, Mn, Mg, Zr, Mo, W, Nb, Al, Cr, V, Ce, Ti, Fe, Si, K, Ga, In, B, Ca, Na. It is a seed element.
- the compositions of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B may be substantially the same.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A has an average particle size of the primary particles 32 (hereinafter, may be referred to as “average primary particle size A”) of 2 ⁇ m or more, and an average particle size of the secondary particles (hereinafter, “average secondary particle size A”). (Sometimes referred to as “secondary particle size A”) is 2 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m. Further, the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B has an average particle size of the primary particles 32 (hereinafter, may be referred to as “average primary particle size B”) of 1 ⁇ m or less, and an average particle size of the secondary particles (hereinafter, ““average primary particle size B ”). The average secondary particle size B) is 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average primary particle size and the average secondary particle size of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B satisfy the above conditions, while the particle breaking load and the BET specific surface area, which will be described later, satisfy the predetermined conditions.
- the contained lithium composite oxides A and B suppress the occurrence of particle cracking, and the cycle characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the average primary particle size A of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A is preferably 2 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the average primary particle size B of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m. When the average primary particle diameters A and B are within the range, the cycle characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the average primary particle diameters A and B are obtained by analyzing a cross-sectional SEM image observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the positive electrode is embedded in a resin
- a cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer is prepared by cross-section polisher (CP) processing
- the cross section is photographed by SEM.
- powders of Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B are embedded in a resin
- a particle cross section of the composite oxide is prepared by CP processing or the like, and this cross section is photographed by SEM.
- 30 primary particles are randomly selected from this cross-sectional SEM image. After observing the grain boundaries of the 30 selected primary particles and specifying the outer shape of the primary particles, the major axis (longest diameter) of each of the 30 primary particles is obtained, and the average value thereof is the average primary particle diameter A, Let it be B.
- the average secondary particle diameters A and B are also obtained from the above cross-sectional SEM image. Specifically, 30 secondary particles (Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B) are randomly selected from the cross-sectional SEM image, and the grain boundaries of the selected 30 secondary particles are observed. After specifying the outer shape of the secondary particles, the major axis (longest diameter) of each of the 30 secondary particles is obtained, and the average value thereof is taken as the average particle size of the secondary particles.
- the particle breaking load of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A is 5 mN to 35 mN
- the particle breaking load of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B is 10 mN to 35 mN.
- the particle breaking load is measured using a microcompression tester (“MCT-W201” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) under the following measurement conditions. Specifically, the amount of deformation and the load of the resin particles when a load is applied to one sample particle at the following load speed is measured, and the sample particle is deformed and its breaking point (displacement suddenly increases). The load (N) when the starting point) is reached is defined as the particle breaking load.
- Measurement conditions for particle breaking load Test temperature: Room temperature (25 ° C) Upper pressurizing indenter: Flat indenter with a diameter of 50 ⁇ m (material: diamond) Lower pressure plate: SKS plate measurement mode: Compression test Test load: Minimum 10 mN, maximum 50 mN Load speed: Minimum 0.178 mN / sec, Minimum 0.221 mN / sec Displacement Full scale: 10 ⁇ m BET specific surface area of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A was 0.5m 2 /g ⁇ 1.0m 2 / g, BET specific surface area of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B is 0.1m 2 /g ⁇ 1.0m It is 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area can be measured by, for example, a commercially available measuring device such as HM model-1201 manufactured by Macsorb.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A is preferably contained in an amount of 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 55% by mass, based on the mass of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B. , 30 to 50% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B is within the above range, it becomes easy to achieve both the battery capacity and the cycle characteristics.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A is a first firing step for firing a first mixture containing a lithium compound and a transition metal compound containing 55 mol% or more, preferably 80 mol% or more of Ni, and a first firing step. It is synthesized through a two-step firing step of a second firing step of firing a second mixture containing the fired product obtained in 1 and the lithium compound. Further, the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B is synthesized through a firing step of firing a mixture containing a lithium compound and a transition metal compound containing 55 mol% or more, preferably 80 mol% or more of Ni.
- the Li content in the first mixture is preferably 0.7 to 1.1, more preferably 0.8 to 1.0, in terms of molar ratio to the total amount of transition metals.
- the firing temperature of the first mixture is preferably 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C., more preferably 750 ° C. to 900 ° C.
- the firing time is, for example, 3 hours to 10 hours.
- lithium compound contained in the first mixture examples include Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, Li 2 O 3 , Li 2 O, LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, LiH, and LiF. And so on.
- the transition metal compound contained in the first mixture is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing 55 mol% or more, preferably 80 mol% or more of Ni, but the crystal structure of the finally obtained Ni-containing lithium composite oxide is not limited. It is preferable that the compound contains at least one of Co and Mn in addition to Ni in terms of improving the stability of the compound.
- the Li content in the second mixture is preferably 0.01 to 0.3, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2, in terms of molar ratio to the total amount of transition metals.
- the firing temperature of the second mixture is preferably 600 ° C. to 900 ° C., more preferably 700 ° C. to 800 ° C.
- the firing time is, for example, 5 hours to 20 hours.
- the lithium compound contained in the second mixture may be the same as or different from the lithium compound contained in the first mixture.
- Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, Li 2 O 3 , Li 2 O, LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, Li 3 PO 4 , LiH, LiF and the like can be mentioned.
- the Li content in the mixture is preferably 0.8 to 1.2, more preferably 0.9 to 1.1, in terms of molar ratio to the total amount of transition metals.
- the firing temperature of the first mixture is preferably 600 ° C. to 900 ° C., more preferably 700 ° C. to 800 ° C.
- the firing time is, for example, 10 hours to 30 hours.
- lithium compound contained in the mixture examples include Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, Li 2 O 3 , Li 2 O, LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, LiH, LiF and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode current collector 40 and a negative electrode mixture layer 41 formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 40.
- a metal foil stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12 such as copper or a copper alloy, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains a negative electrode active material and a binder. The thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m on one side of the current collector.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and the like onto the negative electrode current collector 40, drying the coating film, and then rolling the negative electrode mixture layer 41 into the negative electrode current collector. It can be produced by forming it on both sides of 40.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly occlude and release lithium ions, and a carbon material such as graphite is generally used.
- the graphite may be any of natural graphite such as scaly graphite, massive graphite and earthy graphite, and artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads.
- a metal alloying with Li such as Si and Sn, a metal compound containing Si and Sn and the like, a lithium titanium composite oxide and the like may be used.
- Si-containing compounds represented by SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6) or lithium silicate phases represented by Li 2y SiO (2 + y) (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2) contain fine particles of Si. Dispersed Si-containing compounds and the like may be used in combination with graphite.
- the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 41 a fluororesin such as PTFE or PVdF, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin or the like may be used as in the case of the positive electrode 11, but styrene is preferable. -Butadiene rubber (SBR) is used. Further, the negative electrode mixture layer 41 may contain CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like. The negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains, for example, SBR and CMC or a salt thereof.
- the separator 13 a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating property is used. Specific examples of the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric.
- the material of the separator polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose and the like are suitable.
- the separator 13 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure. Further, the surface of the separator 13 may be provided with a resin layer having high heat resistance such as an aramid resin and a filler layer containing a filler of an inorganic compound.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these can be used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen substituent in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- halogen substituent examples include a fluorinated cyclic carbonate such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), a fluorinated chain carbonate, and a fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester
- esters examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methylpropyl carbonate.
- Ethylpropyl carbonate chain carbonate such as methyl isopropyl carbonate
- cyclic carboxylic acid ester such as ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL), methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP) ), Chain carboxylic acid ester such as ethyl propionate and the like.
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahexyl, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4.
- -Cyclic ethers such as dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineole, crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , Dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxy toluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, o-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2-diethoxy Chain ethers such as ethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl
- the electrolyte salt is preferably a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt LiBF 4, LiClO 4, LiPF 6, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, Li (P (C 2 O 4) F 4), LiPF 6-x (C n F 2n + 1 ) x (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, n is 1 or 2), LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, lithium chloroborane, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, Li 2 B 4 O 7 , borates such as Li (B (C 2 O 4 ) F 2 ), LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (C 1 F 2l + 1 SO 2 ) (C m F 2m + 1 SO 2 ) ⁇ l , M is an integer of 0 or more ⁇ and other imide salts.
- lithium salt these may be used alone or a plurality of types may be mixed and used. Of these, LiPF 6 is preferably used from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and the like.
- concentration of the lithium salt is, for example, 0.8 mol to 1.8 mol per 1 L of the non-aqueous solvent.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A1 is a secondary particle formed by aggregating primary particles.
- the average particle size of the primary particles of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A1 is 3.1 ⁇ m, and the average particle size of the secondary particles is 4. It was .3 ⁇ m.
- the method for measuring the average particle size is as described above.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A1 had a particle breaking load of 20 mN and a BET specific surface area of 0.7 m 2 / g.
- the method for measuring the particle breaking load and the BET specific surface area is as described above.
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B1 LiOH and Ni 0.80 Co 0.10 Mn 0.10 (OH) 2 were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li to the total amount of Ni, Co and Mn was 1.05. Then, the mixture was held at 780 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B1.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B1 is a secondary particle formed by aggregating primary particles like the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide A1, and the average particle size of the primary particles of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B1 is 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the secondary particles was 13.1 ⁇ m.
- the method for measuring the average particle size is as described above.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B1 had a particle breaking load of 30 mN and a BET specific surface area of 0.3 m 2 / g.
- the method for measuring the particle breaking load and the BET specific surface area is as described above.
- the composition of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B1 was Li 1.05 Ni 0.80 Co 0.10 Mn 0.10 O 2 as a result of calculation by ICP emission spectrometry.
- the positive electrode active material As the positive electrode active material, a mixture of Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A1 and B1 at a mass ratio of 3: 7 was used. The positive electrode active material is 97.5% by mass, carbon black is 1% by mass, and polyvinylidene fluoride is 1.5% by mass, and this is mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to make the positive electrode. A mixture slurry was prepared. The slurry is applied to both sides of a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m by the doctor blade method, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled with a rolling roller at a pressure of 500 MPa to obtain a positive electrode current collector.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer formed on both sides of the above was produced.
- a portion not forming the positive electrode mixture layer was provided in the central portion of the positive electrode current collector in the longitudinal direction, and a positive electrode tab was attached to the portion.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer was about 140 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the positive electrode was about 300 ⁇ m.
- Graphite was mixed at 98.2% by mass, styrene-butadiene rubber at 0.7% by mass, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at 1.1% by mass, and this was mixed with water to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the slurry is applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m by the doctor blade method, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled by a rolling roller to combine negative electrodes on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode on which a material layer was formed was produced.
- a portion not forming a negative electrode mixture layer was provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode tab was attached to the portion.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer was about 120 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the negative electrode was about 250 ⁇ m.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved in an equal volume mixed non-aqueous solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) at a concentration of 1.6 mol / L to obtain a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by the following procedure.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were wound via a separator to prepare an electrode body having a wound structure.
- Insulating plates were arranged above and below the electrode body, and the wound electrode body was housed in a cylindrical battery outer can having a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm.
- the current collecting tab of the negative electrode was welded to the inner surface of the bottom of the battery outer can, and the current collecting tab of the positive electrode was welded to the bottom plate of the sealing body.
- a non-aqueous electrolytic solution was injected through the opening of the battery outer can, and then the battery outer can was sealed with a sealing body.
- the discharge capacity (mAh) was determined.
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxides B2 to B5 were synthesized in the same manner as in the case of Ni-containing lithium composite oxide B1 except that the particle size and firing temperature of the Ni raw material were changed to the conditions shown in Table 2.
- Table 2 shows the average primary particle size, average secondary particle size, particle breaking load, and BET specific surface area of each of the obtained composite oxides.
- Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10> A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Ni-containing lithium composite oxides A and B shown in Table 3 were mixed at the mass ratio shown in Table 3 as the positive electrode active material. was prepared and the performance of the battery was evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 Positive electrode 12 Negative electrode 13 Separator 14 Electrode body 15 Battery case 16 Exterior can 17 Sealing body 18, 19 Insulating plate 20 Positive electrode tab 21 Negative electrode tab 22 Grooving part 23 Bottom plate 24 Lower valve body 25 Insulating member 26 Valve body 27 Cap 28 Gasket 30 Positive electrode current collector 31 Positive electrode mixture layer 32, 33 Primary particles 40 Negative electrode current collector 41 Negative electrode mixture layer
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、正極集電体30と、正極集電体30の両面に形成された正極合材層31とを有する。正極集電体30には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金など、正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層31は、正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材を含む。正極合材層31の厚みは、例えば集電体の片側で10μm~150μmである。正極11は、正極集電体30上に正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材等を含む正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合材層31を正極集電体30の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
試験温度:常温(25℃)
上部加圧圧子:直径50μmの平面圧子(材質:ダイヤモンド)
下部加圧板:SKS平板
測定モード:圧縮試験
試験荷重:最小10mN、最大50mN
負荷速度:最小0.178mN/秒、最小0.221mN/秒
変位フルスケール:10μm
Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物AのBET比表面積は0.5m2/g~1.0m2/gであり、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物BのBET比表面積は0.1m2/g~1.0m2/gである。これにより、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A,Bで粒子割れの発生が抑制され、電池のサイクル特性を向上させることができる。BET比表面積は、例えば、Macsorb社のHM model-1201等の市販の測定装置によって測定できる。
<第1焼成工程>
第1混合物におけるLiの含有量は、遷移金属の総量に対するモル比で0.7~1.1が好ましく、0.8~1.0がより好ましい。第1混合物の焼成温度は、700℃~1000℃が好ましく、750℃~900℃がより好ましい。焼成時間は、例えば3時間~10時間である。第1混合物におけるLiの含有量及び焼成温度等が当該範囲内であると、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Aの一次粒子径及び二次粒子の平均粒径、粒子破壊荷重、並びにBET比表面積を上記範囲に調整することが容易になる。
第2混合物におけるLiの含有量は、遷移金属の総量に対するモル比で0.01~0.3が好ましく、0.05~0.2がより好ましい。第2混合物の焼成温度は、600℃~900℃が好ましく、700℃~800℃がより好ましい。焼成時間は、例えば5時間~20時間である。第2混合物におけるLiの含有量及び焼成温度等が当該範囲内であると、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Aの一次粒子径及び二次粒子の平均粒径、粒子破壊荷重、並びにBET比表面積を上記範囲に調整することが容易になる。第2焼成工程では、例えば第1焼成工程よりも低温で長時間の焼成を行う。
<焼成工程>
混合物におけるLiの含有量は、遷移金属の総量に対するモル比で0.8~1.2が好ましく、0.9~1.1がより好ましい。第1混合物の焼成温度は、600℃~900℃が好ましく、700℃~800℃がより好ましい。焼成時間は、例えば10時間~30時間である。混合物におけるLiの含有量及び焼成温度等が当該範囲内であると、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Bの一次粒子径及び二次粒子の平均粒径、粒子破壊荷重、並びにBET比表面積を上記範囲に調整することが容易になる。
負極12は、負極集電体40と、負極集電体40の両面に形成された負極合材層41とを有する。負極集電体40には、銅、銅合金等の負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルムなどを用いることができる。負極合材層41は、負極活物質、及び結着材を含む。負極合材層41の厚みは、例えば集電体の片側で10μm~150μmである。負極12は、負極集電体40上に負極活物質、結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して負極合材層41を負極集電体40の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造であってもよく、積層構造を有していてもよい。また、セパレータ13の表面には、アラミド樹脂等の耐熱性の高い樹脂層、無機化合物のフィラーを含むフィラー層が設けられていてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
以下、実施例により本開示をさらに説明するが、本開示は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
[Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A1の合成]
LiOH、及びNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10(OH)2を、Ni、Co及びMnの総量に対するLiのモル比が0.90となるように混合した。その後、この混合物を900℃で5時間保持することによって(第1焼成工程)、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物の第1焼成物を得た。次に、LiOH、及び第1焼成物を、Ni、Co及びMnの総量に対するLiのモル比が0.15モルとなるように混合した。この混合物を750℃で10時間保持させることによって(第2焼成工程)、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物(第2焼成物)を得た。
LiOH、及びNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10(OH)2を、Ni、Co及びMnの総量に対するLiのモル比が1.05となるように混合した。その後、この混合物を780℃で20時間保持することによって、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物B1を得た。
正極活物質として、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A1,B1を3:7の質量比で混合したものを用いた。正極活物質が97.5質量%、カーボンブラックが1質量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが1.5質量%となるように混合し、これをN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)と混合して正極合材スラリーを調製した。当該スラリーを厚み15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体の両面にドクターブレード法により塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、圧延ローラにより、500MPaの圧力で塗膜を圧延して、正極集電体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を作製した。正極集電体の長手方向中央部に正極合材層を形成しない部分を設け、当該部分に正極タブを取り付けた。正極合材層の厚みを約140μm、正極の厚みを約300μmとした。
黒鉛が98.2質量%と、スチレン-ブタジエンゴムが0.7質量%、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムが1.1質量%となるよう混合し、これを水と混合して負極合材スラリーを調製した。当該スラリーを厚み8μmの銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面にドクターブレード法により塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、圧延ローラにより塗膜を圧延して、負極集電体の両面に負極合材層が形成された負極を作製した。負極集電体の長手方向両端部に負極合材層を形成しない部分を設け、当該部分に負極タブを取り付けた。負極合材層の厚みを約120μm、負極の厚みを約250μmとした。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)との等体積混合非水溶媒に、LiPF6を1.6モル/Lの濃度で溶解させて非水電解液を得た。
上記正極、上記負極、上記非水電解液、及びセパレータを用いて、以下の手順で非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
(1)正極と負極とをセパレータを介して巻回し、巻回構造の電極体を作製した。
(2)電極体の上下にそれぞれ絶縁板を配置し、直径18mm、高さ65mmの円筒形状の電池外装缶に巻回電極体を収容した。
(3)負極の集電タブを電池外装缶の底部内面に溶接すると共に、正極の集電タブを封口体の底板に溶接した。
(4)電池外装缶の開口部から非水電解液を注入し、その後、封口体によって電池外装缶を密閉した。
上記非水電解質二次電池について、25℃の環境下、1It=2900mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vとなるまで充電し、その後は、1Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vとなるまで放電して、放電容量(mAh)を求めた。
上記非水電解質二次電池を、25℃の温度条件下、以下の条件で充放電して、容量維持率を求めた。
充電:1It=2900mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vとなるまで定電流充電を行った。さらに、4.2Vの電圧で電流値が145mAとなるまで定電圧充電を行った。
[Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A2~A5の合成]
Liの添加量及び焼成温度を表1に示す条件に変更したこと以外は、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A1の場合と同様にして、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A2~A5を合成した。得られた各複合酸化物の平均一次粒子径、平均二次粒子径、粒子破壊荷重、及びBET比表面積を表1に示す。
Ni原材料の粒径及び焼成温度を表2に示す条件に変更したこと以外は、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物B1の場合と同様にして、Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物B2~B5を合成した。得られた各複合酸化物の平均一次粒子径、平均二次粒子径、粒子破壊荷重、及びBET比表面積を表2に示す。
正極活物質として、表3に示すNi含有リチウム複合酸化物A,Bを、表3に示す質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製し、電池の性能評価を行った。評価結果は、表3に示した。
11 正極
12 負極
13 セパレータ
14 電極体
15 電池ケース
16 外装缶
17 封口体
18,19 絶縁板
20 正極タブ
21 負極タブ
22 溝入部
23 底板
24 下弁体
25 絶縁部材
26 上弁体
27 キャップ
28 ガスケット
30 正極集電体
31 正極合材層
32,33 一次粒子
40 負極集電体
41 負極合材層
Claims (4)
- Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A及びNi含有リチウム複合酸化物Bを含む正極活物質であって、
前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A及び前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Bは、Liを除く金属元素の総モル数に対して55モル%以上のNiを含有し、
前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Aは、平均一次粒子径が2μm以上で、平均二次粒子径が2μm~6μmで、粒子破壊荷重が5mN~35mNで、且つ、BET比表面積が0.5m2/g~1.0m2/gであり、
前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Bは、平均一次粒子径が1μm以下で、平均二次粒子径が10μm~20μmで、粒子破壊荷重が10mN~35mNで、且つ、BET比表面積が0.1m2/g~1.0m2/gである、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A及び前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Bは、Co及びMnの少なくとも一方を含有し、Mg、Zr、Mo、W、Nb、Al、Cr、V、Ce、Ti、Fe、Si、K、Ga、In、Bから選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含有する、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物A及び前記Ni含有リチウム複合酸化物Bは、80モル%以上のNiを含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質を含む正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備えた、非水電解質二次電池。
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| US17/764,574 US12537195B2 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2020-07-21 | Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| CN202080068028.2A CN114467196B (zh) | 2019-10-04 | 2020-07-21 | 非水电解质二次电池用正极活性物质、和非水电解质二次电池 |
| JP2021550369A JP7574203B2 (ja) | 2019-10-04 | 2020-07-21 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 |
| EP20871657.1A EP4039651A4 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2020-07-21 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERIES AND ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY |
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| EP (1) | EP4039651A4 (ja) |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116314599A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-23 | 泰星能源解决方案有限公司 | 正极和使用该正极的非水电解质二次电池 |
| JP2023091568A (ja) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-30 | プライムプラネットエナジー&ソリューションズ株式会社 | 正極活物質、およびこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP2024501688A (ja) * | 2021-06-17 | 2024-01-15 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、それを含む正極合剤、正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
| EP4357305A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2024-04-24 | Prime Planet Energy & Solutions, Inc. | Positive electrode active material, positive electrode, and nonaqueous electolyte secondary battery |
| JP2024525437A (ja) * | 2021-06-28 | 2024-07-12 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、及び該正極活物質を含む正極を含むリチウム二次電池 |
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| EP4099444B1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2025-06-25 | SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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| JP7642827B2 (ja) | 2021-06-17 | 2025-03-10 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、それを含む正極合剤、正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
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| JP7791910B2 (ja) | 2021-06-28 | 2025-12-24 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、及び該正極活物質を含む正極を含むリチウム二次電池 |
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| JP7495918B2 (ja) | 2021-12-20 | 2024-06-05 | プライムプラネットエナジー&ソリューションズ株式会社 | 正極およびこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP7503536B2 (ja) | 2021-12-20 | 2024-06-20 | プライムプラネットエナジー&ソリューションズ株式会社 | 正極活物質、およびこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
| EP4357305A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2024-04-24 | Prime Planet Energy & Solutions, Inc. | Positive electrode active material, positive electrode, and nonaqueous electolyte secondary battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4039651A4 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
| CN114467196A (zh) | 2022-05-10 |
| US20220384806A1 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
| CN114467196B (zh) | 2024-08-23 |
| US12537195B2 (en) | 2026-01-27 |
| EP4039651A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
| JPWO2021065162A1 (ja) | 2021-04-08 |
| JP7574203B2 (ja) | 2024-10-28 |
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