WO2021075889A1 - 무선 통신 시스템에서 채널을 추정하기 위한 위한 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
무선 통신 시스템에서 채널을 추정하기 위한 위한 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0222—Estimation of channel variability, e.g. coherence bandwidth, coherence time, fading frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0636—Feedback format
- H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
- H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
- H04L25/0228—Channel estimation using sounding signals with direct estimation from sounding signals
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for estimating a channel in a wireless communication system.
- the 5G communication system or the pre-5G communication system is called a Beyond 4G Network communication system or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system (Post LTE) system.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- 5G communication systems are being considered for implementation in an ultra-high frequency (mmWave) band (eg, such as a 60 gigabyte (60 GHz) band).
- mmWave ultra-high frequency
- FD-MIMO Full Dimensional MIMO
- advanced small cell in 5G communication system, advanced small cell, advanced small cell, cloud radio access network (cloud RAN), ultra-dense network , Device to Device communication (D2D), wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, CoMP (Coordinated Multi-Points), and interference cancellation And other technologies are being developed.
- cloud RAN cloud radio access network
- D2D Device to Device communication
- wireless backhaul moving network
- cooperative communication CoMP (Coordinated Multi-Points)
- CoMP Coordinatd Multi-Points
- interference cancellation And other technologies are being developed.
- the advanced coding modulation Advanced Coding Modulation, ACM
- FQAM Hybrid Frequency Shift Keying and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
- SWSC Small Cell Superposition Coding
- FBMC Filter Bank Multi Carrier
- NOMA Non Orthogonal Multiple Access
- SCMA Synparse Code Multiple Access
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for predicting a channel parameter in a wireless communication system.
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for more accurately estimating a channel in a wireless communication system.
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for estimating a channel with low complexity in a wireless communication system.
- a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system in a wireless communication system includes a process of acquiring channel information on a downlink channel with a terminal in a first time interval, and an undirected Kalman filter (unscented Kalman filter), obtaining current channel state information from previous state information and the channel information, and generating predicted channel information in a second time interval from the current channel state information.
- an undirected Kalman filter unscented Kalman filter
- a base station in a wireless communication system, includes at least one transceiver and at least one processor, and the at least one processor includes channel information on a downlink channel with a terminal in a first time interval. And, based on an unscented Kalman filter, obtains current channel state information from previous state information and the channel information, and generates predicted channel information in a second time interval from the current channel state information.
- an unscented Kalman filter obtains current channel state information from previous state information and the channel information, and generates predicted channel information in a second time interval from the current channel state information.
- An apparatus and method predicts channel parameters based on an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), thereby enabling more accurate channel estimation with low complexity.
- UPF Unscented Kalman Filter
- FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of a base station in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a resource structure in a time-frequency domain in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 6A illustrates an example of a system model in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 6B is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of channel parameter prediction in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 6C illustrates an example of a hopping pattern in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for estimating a channel based on an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- UPF Unscented Kalman Filter
- FIG. 8A is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for channel estimation using a sounding reference signal (SRS) in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- SRS sounding reference signal
- 8B illustrates an example of channel estimation using SRS in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 8C illustrates an example of SRS buffer management in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 9A is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for channel estimation using channel state information (CSI) in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- CSI channel state information
- 9B illustrates an example of channel estimation using CSI in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the principle of UKF in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 11A is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for UKF-based state information management in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 11B is a diagram illustrating an operation flow of an apparatus for managing state information combined with a least square method in order to reduce complexity in a UKF-based algorithm in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for adaptive channel estimation according to numerology in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for codebook-based channel estimation in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for estimating a channel in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for estimating a channel based on an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), which is a type of recursive filter. In addition, the present disclosure describes an apparatus and method for adaptively determining a channel estimation method by using UKF in a situation where UKF is required and other filters (eg, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)). .
- UPF Unscented Kalman Filter
- EKF Extended Kalman Filter
- Terms that refer to signals used in the following description e.g., messages, information, preambles, signals, signaling, sequences, streams
- terms that refer to resources e.g., symbols, Slot, subframe, radio frame, subcarrier, RE (resource element), RB (resource block), BWP (bandwidth part), opportunity (Occasion)
- operation status Terms for e.g., step, operation, procedure
- terms that refer to data e.g., information, bits, symbols, codewords
- a term referring to a channel a term referring to control information (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), medium access control control element (MAC)), radio resource control (RRC) signaling
- DCI downlink control information
- MAC medium access control control element
- RRC radio resource control
- a physical channel and a signal may be used in combination with data or control signals.
- a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is a term referring to a physical channel through which data is transmitted, but PDSCH may also be used to refer to data. That is, in the present disclosure, the expression'transmitting a physical channel' may be interpreted equivalently to the expression'transmitting data or signals through a physical channel'.
- higher signaling refers to a signal transmission method transmitted from a base station to a terminal using a downlink data channel of a physical layer or from a terminal to a base station using an uplink data channel of a physical layer.
- Higher level signaling may be understood as radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a MAC control element (hereinafter referred to as'CE').
- RRC radio resource control
- 'CE' MAC control element
- 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 1 illustrates a base station 110, a terminal 120, and a terminal 130 as some of nodes using a radio channel in a wireless communication system.
- 1 shows only one base station, but another base station that is the same or similar to the base station 110 may be further included.
- the base station 110 is a network infrastructure that provides wireless access to the terminals 120 and 130.
- the base station 110 has coverage defined as a certain geographic area based on a distance at which signals can be transmitted.
- the base station 110 includes'access point (AP)','eNodeB, eNB', '5G node', and'next generation nodeB.
- AP access point
- eNB evolved NodeB
- gNB gNodeB
- TRP transmission/reception point
- Each of the terminal 120 and the terminal 130 is a device used by a user and performs communication with the base station 110 through a wireless channel.
- the link from the base station 110 to the terminal 120 or the terminal 130 is a downlink (DL), and the link from the terminal 120 or the terminal 130 to the base station 110 is an uplink (UL). ).
- the terminal 120 and the terminal 130 may communicate with each other through a wireless channel.
- a device-to-device link (D2D) between the terminal 120 and the terminal 130 is referred to as a sidelink, and the sidelink may be used interchangeably with the PC5 interface.
- at least one of the terminal 120 and the terminal 130 may be operated without a user's involvement.
- At least one of the terminal 120 and the terminal 130 is a device that performs machine type communication (MTC), and may not be carried by a user.
- MTC machine type communication
- Each of the terminal 120 and the terminal 130 is a terminal other than'user equipment (UE)','mobile station','subscriber station', and'remote terminal. )','wireless terminal', or'user device', or another term having an equivalent technical meaning.
- UE user equipment
- the base station 110, the terminal 120, and the terminal 130 may transmit and receive radio signals in a millimeter wave (mmWave) band (eg, 28 GHz, 30 GHz, 38 GHz, 60 GHz).
- mmWave millimeter wave
- the base station 110, the terminal 120, and the terminal 130 may perform beamforming.
- beamforming may include transmission beamforming and reception beamforming. That is, the base station 110, the terminal 120, and the terminal 130 may impart directivity to a transmitted signal or a received signal.
- the base station 110 and the terminals 120 and 130 may select the serving beams 112, 113, 121, 131 through a beam search or beam management procedure. .
- subsequent communication may be performed through a resource in a QCL (quasi co-located) relationship with the resource transmitting the serving beams 112, 113, 121, 131. have.
- QCL quadsi co-located
- the first antenna port and the second antenna port are in a QCL relationship. Can be evaluated.
- a wide range of features include delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and spatial receiver parameter. It may include at least one of.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of a base station in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2 can be understood as the configuration of the base station 110.
- a term such as'group' refers to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- the base station includes a wireless communication unit 210, a backhaul communication unit 220, a storage unit 230, and a control unit 240.
- the wireless communication unit 210 performs functions for transmitting and receiving signals through a wireless channel. For example, the wireless communication unit 210 performs a function of converting between a baseband signal and a bit stream according to the physical layer standard of the system. For example, when transmitting data, the wireless communication unit 210 generates complex symbols by encoding and modulating a transmission bit stream. In addition, when receiving data, the wireless communication unit 210 restores the received bit stream through demodulation and decoding of the baseband signal.
- the wireless communication unit 210 up-converts the baseband signal into a radio frequency (RF) band signal and then transmits it through an antenna, and down-converts the RF band signal received through the antenna into a baseband signal.
- the wireless communication unit 210 may include a transmission filter, a reception filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a digital to analog convertor (DAC), an analog to digital convertor (ADC), and the like.
- the wireless communication unit 210 may include a plurality of transmission/reception paths.
- the wireless communication unit 210 may include at least one antenna array composed of a plurality of antenna elements.
- the wireless communication unit 210 may be composed of a digital unit and an analog unit, and the analog unit includes a plurality of sub-units according to operation power, operation frequency, etc. It can be composed of.
- the digital unit may be implemented with at least one processor (eg, a digital signal processor (DSP)).
- DSP digital signal processor
- the wireless communication unit 210 transmits and receives signals as described above. Accordingly, all or part of the wireless communication unit 210 may be referred to as a'transmitter', a'receiver', or a'transceiver'. In addition, in the following description, transmission and reception performed through a wireless channel is used in a sense including the processing as described above is performed by the wireless communication unit 210.
- the backhaul communication unit 220 provides an interface for performing communication with other nodes in the network. That is, the backhaul communication unit 220 converts the bit stream transmitted from the base station to another node, for example, another access node, another base station, an upper node, a core network, etc., into a physical signal, and converts the physical signal received from the other node. Convert to bit string.
- another node for example, another access node, another base station, an upper node, a core network, etc.
- the storage unit 230 stores data such as a basic program, an application program, and setting information for the operation of the base station.
- the storage unit 230 may be formed of a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, or a combination of a volatile memory and a nonvolatile memory.
- the storage unit 230 provides stored data according to the request of the control unit 240.
- the control unit 240 controls overall operations of the base station. For example, the control unit 240 transmits and receives signals through the wireless communication unit 210 or through the backhaul communication unit 220. In addition, the control unit 240 writes and reads data in the storage unit 230. In addition, the control unit 240 may perform functions of a protocol stack required by a communication standard. According to another implementation example, the protocol stack may be included in the wireless communication unit 210. To this end, the control unit 240 may include at least one processor. According to various embodiments, the control unit 240 may control the base station to perform operations according to various embodiments to be described later.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as the configuration of the terminal 120.
- a term such as'group' refers to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- the terminal includes a communication unit 310, a storage unit 320, and a control unit 330.
- the communication unit 310 performs functions for transmitting and receiving signals through a wireless channel. For example, the communication unit 310 performs a function of converting between a baseband signal and a bit stream according to the physical layer standard of the system. For example, when transmitting data, the communication unit 310 generates complex symbols by encoding and modulating a transmission bit stream. In addition, when receiving data, the communication unit 310 restores the received bit stream through demodulation and decoding of the baseband signal. In addition, the communication unit 310 up-converts the baseband signal into an RF band signal and then transmits it through an antenna, and down-converts the RF band signal received through the antenna into a baseband signal. For example, the communication unit 310 may include a transmission filter, a reception filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC, an ADC, and the like.
- the communication unit 310 may include a plurality of transmission/reception paths. Furthermore, the communication unit 310 may include at least one antenna array composed of a plurality of antenna elements. In terms of hardware, the communication unit 310 may include a digital circuit and an analog circuit (eg, radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)). Here, the digital circuit and the analog circuit may be implemented in one package. In addition, the communication unit 310 may include a plurality of RF chains. Furthermore, the communication unit 310 may perform beamforming.
- RFIC radio frequency integrated circuit
- the communication unit 310 transmits and receives signals as described above. Accordingly, all or part of the communication unit 310 may be referred to as a'transmitting unit', a'receiving unit', or a'transmitting/receiving unit'. In addition, in the following description, transmission and reception performed through a wireless channel is used in a sense including the processing as described above is performed by the communication unit 310.
- the storage unit 320 stores data such as a basic program, an application program, and setting information for the operation of the terminal.
- the storage unit 320 may be formed of a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, or a combination of a volatile memory and a nonvolatile memory.
- the storage unit 320 provides stored data according to the request of the control unit 330.
- the controller 330 controls overall operations of the terminal. For example, the control unit 330 transmits and receives signals through the communication unit 310. In addition, the control unit 330 writes and reads data in the storage unit 320. In addition, the control unit 330 may perform functions of a protocol stack required by a communication standard. To this end, the controller 330 may include at least one processor or a micro processor, or may be a part of a processor. In addition, a part of the communication unit 310 and the control unit 330 may be referred to as a communication processor (CP). According to various embodiments, the controller 330 may control the terminal to perform operations according to various embodiments to be described later.
- CP communication processor
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a communication unit in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. 4 shows an example of a detailed configuration of the wireless communication unit 210 of FIG. 2 or the communication unit 310 of FIG. 3. Specifically, FIG. 4 is a part of the wireless communication unit 210 of FIG. 2 or the communication unit 310 of FIG. 3 and illustrates components for performing beamforming.
- the wireless communication unit 210 or the communication unit 310 includes an encoding and modulating unit 402, a digital beamforming unit 404, a plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N, and an analog beam. It includes a forming part (408).
- the encoding and modulating unit 402 performs channel encoding.
- channel encoding at least one of a low density parity check (LDPC) code, a convoluation code, and a polar code may be used.
- LDPC low density parity check
- the encoding and modulating unit 402 generates modulation symbols by performing constellation mapping.
- the digital beamforming unit 404 performs beamforming on a digital signal (eg, modulation symbols). To this end, the digital beamforming unit 404 multiplies the modulation symbols by beamforming weights.
- the beamforming weights are used to change the size and phase of a signal, and may be referred to as a'precoding matrix', a'precoder', and the like.
- the digital beamforming unit 404 outputs digitally beamformed modulation symbols through a plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N.
- modulation symbols may be multiplexed or the same modulation symbols may be provided through a plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N.
- the plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N convert digital beamformed digital signals into analog signals.
- each of the plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N may include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) operation unit, a cyclic prefix (CP) insertion unit, a DAC, and an up-conversion unit.
- the CP insertion unit is for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and may be excluded when a different physical layer scheme (eg, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC)) is applied. That is, the plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N provide an independent signal processing process for a plurality of streams generated through digital beamforming. However, depending on the implementation method, some of the components of the plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N may be used in common.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- the analog beamforming unit 408 performs beamforming on an analog signal.
- the digital beamforming unit 404 multiplies the analog signals by beamforming weights.
- the beamforming weights are used to change the magnitude and phase of the signal.
- the analog beamforming unit 440 may be configured in various ways according to a connection structure between the plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N and antennas.
- each of the plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N may be connected to one antenna array.
- a plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N may be connected to one antenna array.
- the plurality of transmission paths 406-1 to 406-N may be adaptively connected to one antenna array, or may be connected to two or more antenna arrays.
- 5 illustrates a resource structure in a time-frequency domain in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 5 illustrates a basic structure of a time-frequency domain, which is a radio resource domain in which data or control channels are transmitted in downlink or uplink.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- the horizontal axis represents the time domain and the vertical axis represents the frequency domain.
- the minimum transmission unit in the time domain is an OFDM symbol, and N symb OFDM symbols 502 are gathered to form one slot 506.
- the length of the subframe is defined as 1.0 ms
- the length of the radio frame 514 is defined as 10 ms.
- the minimum transmission unit in the frequency domain is a subcarrier, and a carrier bandwidth constituting a resource grid is composed of N BW subcarriers 504.
- a basic unit of a resource is a resource element (“RE”) 512, which can be represented by an OFDM symbol index and a subcarrier index.
- the resource block may include a plurality of resource elements.
- a resource block (RB) (or a physical resource block ('PRB')) is N symb consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain and N SC RB consecutive numbers in the frequency domain. It is defined as subcarriers.
- the resource block (RB) 508 may be defined as N SC RB consecutive subcarriers 510 in the frequency domain.
- One RB 508 includes N SC RB REs 512 in the frequency axis.
- the frequency domain may include common resource blocks (CRBs).
- a physical resource block (PRB) may be defined in a bandwidth part (BWP) in the frequency domain.
- the CRB and PRB numbers may be determined according to subcarrier spacing.
- the data rate may increase in proportion to the number of RBs scheduled to the terminal.
- the terminal can continuously move within the wireless environment.
- a base station performing scheduling is required to predict more accurate channel conditions.
- Scheduling based on the SRS transmitted by the terminal (e.g., satisfying channel reciprocity in time division duplex (TDD)) or based on the CSI reported by the terminal (e.g., frequency division duplex (FDD)) Satisfaction) Scheduling is performed, but since the SRS or CSI is not updated for each transmission time interval (TTI), which is a scheduling unit, it may not be accurate.
- TDD time division duplex
- FDD frequency division duplex
- a situation in which a base station estimates a channel based on an SRS transmitted by a base station- a terminal or a CSI reported by a terminal is described as an example, but channel estimation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
- a network entity other than the base station or a separate computing device provided in the base station may perform channel estimation according to various embodiments to be described later, or a CU or an equipment connected to the CU may perform channel estimation in a distributed deployment. .
- the channel estimation apparatus predicts channel parameters based on previous channel information obtained from SRS or PMI.
- the base station may determine the current channel state based on the previous channel state and the currently acquired measurement information. Determining the channel state is obtaining the channel state (obtaining or acquiring), calculating (calculating), identifying (identifying), predicting (predicting), estimating (estimating), or has an equivalent meaning. Can be used interchangeably with terms.
- the base station When estimating a channel (that is, when calculating or predicting channel parameters, the base station must track the parameters of a non-linear function.
- the base station includes an Extended Kalman (EKF)
- EKF Extended Kalman
- UPF Unscented Kalman Filter
- FIG. 6A illustrates an example of a system model in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- An example of a system model for estimating a downlink channel between a base station and a terminal is shown.
- the base station exemplifies the base station 110 of FIG. 1 and the terminal exemplifies the terminal 120 of FIG. 1.
- the resource structure of FIG. 5 is exemplified as a resource structure for describing the system model.
- the wireless environment 600 may include a wireless channel 605 between a base station and a terminal.
- the radio channel 650 depends on a propagation path through which a signal is transmitted, and this propagation path may depend on the antenna q of the transmitting end.
- a signal radiated from one antenna is provided to a receiver through one or more paths on air.
- the radio channel 605 in each path may be time-frequency dependent. That is, the radio channel 605 may be determined according to an antenna q, a time t, and a frequency f.
- the radio channel may be expressed as a vector, and may be expressed by the following equation.
- h q (f,t) represents the predicted channel estimate for the time-frequency resource (t,f) in the q-th antenna.
- ⁇ p is a delay parameter for path p
- ⁇ p is a Doppler parameter for path p
- ⁇ p,q is a complex weight for antenna q on path p. It is assumed that ⁇ p and ⁇ p are applied equally regardless of antenna q, and ⁇ p, q is assumed to be applied differently for each antenna.
- the observed received signal can be expressed as the following equation.
- y q (t s ,f s ) is a received signal vector when a signal is transmitted from the q-th antenna in the resource (t s , f s ), Is a radio channel vector when a signal is transmitted from the q-th antenna in the resource (t s , f s ), and n q (t s , f s ) is the signal transmitted from the q-th antenna in the resource (t s , f s) Time and noise vector.
- the frequency domain and the frequency resource f s may be defined by the following equation.
- N RB denotes the number of RBs in the channel bandwidth
- ⁇ f denotes a frequency size corresponding to one RB.
- ⁇ f is 180 kHz.
- ⁇ f may be variably determined according to a configured numerology.
- the frequency domain and the time resource t s may be defined by the following equation.
- ⁇ T denotes an SRS period
- N SRS denotes the number of times the total cycle takes.
- the time domain represented by SRS is exemplary, and when channel estimation by CRS or CSI-RS is performed, the period and scale in the time domain are separately configured by higher layer signaling (eg, CSI report configuration). Can be.
- Channel response of the 2D resource structure (time-frequency resource) of the q-th antenna Is vectorized and is defined as follows, When the vectorization of is performed first along the frequency domain and secondly along the time domain, it can be expressed as the following equation.
- each channel vector may be expressed as a non-linear function of channel parameters.
- each channel vector may be expressed by the following equation.
- the parameter vector Denotes a vector each having P real numbers
- ' The 'operator represents the column-wise Kronecker product, Khatri-Rao product.
- An example between two 2x2 matrices of the Khatri-Rao product is as follows.
- the matrix B f ( ⁇ ) means an intra-band frequency response affected by the path delay ⁇ , And the input-output mapping is to be.
- M f is the number of RBs in the subband.
- the matrix B f ( ⁇ ) represents the intra-subband SRS (SRS) frequency response due to the path delay, and is the p-th column.
- SRS SRS
- the matrix Denotes the inter-band frequency response and is a function of the path delay vector ⁇ and the doppler vector ⁇ .
- the mapping relationship between the input/output variables of the function is And N SRS represents the number of SRS subbands that are simultaneously stored and processed in the buffer.
- the p-th column of matrix B tf ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) Can be expressed as follows.
- ⁇ f denotes an inter-band frequency interval (eg, 24RB * 180KHz in LTE)
- ⁇ t denotes a sampling interval between adjacent SRS subbands.
- m is a band index
- n is a time index.
- ⁇ f and m are dependent on a communication system (e.g., LTE or NR), a subcarrier spacing (SCS), and a band location
- ⁇ t, n are SRS configurations or CSIs configured by a network. It may be dependent on the configuration (eg, CSI-RS configuration, CSI report configuration).
- m and n may be determined according to the hopping pattern. A specific example is described through FIG. 6C.
- the vector signal model for the SRS described above may be extended to consider multiple eNB antennas (N ant ). In this case, it may be assumed that the path delay and Doppler are common to N ant antennas.
- the channel vector of Equation 6 may be expressed as the following Equation.
- the channel vector Is expressed as a nonlinear function s((7) for the channel parameters ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ q ⁇ , where ⁇ is a path weight matrix with dimension N ant ⁇ P, and each row is one antenna Include the path weight for. 1 represents the entire column vector with dimensions P ⁇ 1.
- the channel vector may be expressed as a sum of column vectors for each path.
- the channel vector may be expressed as the following equation.
- variables of parameters defining a channel vector may include ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ . That is, the purpose of channel estimation is finally defined as the optimization of the objective function using the channel parameters ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) as parameters.
- channel estimation may include a method of obtaining channel parameters ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) satisfying the following equation.
- the SRS is damaged by Gauss noise following white noise, and the noise may be given as a zero mean complex Gaussian following a covariance matrix_ of N 0 I. That is, in addition to the channel vector, the nonlinear function s according to the channel parameters ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) may be considered in the received signal vector, for example, the received signal vector may be expressed as the following equation. .
- the mobility of the terminal is continuous. That is, the channel change according to the movement of the terminal is also continuous, and the parameters for path delay and Doppler have a time correlation. Accordingly, the channel estimation apparatus according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may use a state space model to utilize and improve the accuracy of parameter estimation. Based on the above-described system model, the channel estimation apparatus may construct a state vector and a state space model in various ways.
- the state vector ⁇ k may be defined as the following equation.
- the antenna dependent path amplitude and path phase may be removed from the state vector to reduce the size of the state vector.
- a least-square calculation may be used to update path weights including both amplitude and phase.
- the channel estimation apparatus can construct a state vector ⁇ k at the k-th time based on the path delay vector ⁇ k , the path Doppler vector ⁇ k , the path Doppler change rate ⁇ k , and the path delay change rate ⁇ k in the corresponding state vector. have.
- the state vector ⁇ k may be defined as the following equation.
- the rate of change from the state vector may be further removed to reduce the size of the state vector. This is because the change in path delay and Doppler over time can be generated using the state noise, and the effect due to the change rate can be considered.
- the channel estimation apparatus may configure a state vector ⁇ k of the k-th time based on the path delay vector ⁇ k and the path Doppler vector ⁇ k.
- the state vector ⁇ k may be defined as the following equation.
- the channel estimation apparatus may identify a state vector to be configured based on a channel state over time. According to an embodiment, in an area where there is not much change in channel conditions (for example, the majority of terminals are concentrated in buildings or the presence of fixed terminals), the channel estimation apparatus configures a state vector defined by fewer parameters, thereby estimating the channel. You can do it. In addition, according to an embodiment, in a region where a change in a channel state is fixed according to a predetermined period, the channel estimation apparatus may perform channel estimation by including constant values according to time k in the state vector. In addition, according to an embodiment, when it is difficult to predict a channel state or a degree of variation is relatively severe, the channel estimation apparatus may perform channel estimation by including as many variables as possible in the state vector.
- FIG. 6A parameters and a system model of a radio channel for performing channel estimation are described.
- a channel estimation apparatus eg, a base station
- FIG. 6B operations of a channel estimation apparatus for predicting the above-described parameters are described in FIG. 6B.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of channel parameter prediction in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the channel parameter at least one of the channel parameters of the system model mentioned in FIG. 6A may be used.
- the base station estimates a downlink channel with the terminal is illustrated.
- channel parameter prediction may include two operations.
- the base station may perform UKF-based channel estimation.
- the base station may perform UKF-based channel estimation based on channel information and resource information. That is, inputs for UKF-based channel estimation may include channel information and resource information.
- Channel information may be obtained in various ways.
- the base station may obtain channel information before performing the channel estimation procedure.
- the obtained channel information is stored in a buffer.
- the buffer may include an SRS buffer or a CSI buffer.
- the SRS buffer may store received values for SRSs or channel estimation values based on SRSs.
- the CSI buffer may store CSIs received from the terminal. Also, the channel information may include noise information.
- the base station may perform channel estimation based on SRSs received from the terminal.
- channel reciprocity is assumed. That is, it is possible to estimate a downlink channel from an uplink signal.
- the base station may perform SRS-based channel estimation in the TDD system.
- the SRS transmission period, the resource location at which the SRS is transmitted (time resource, frequency resource, etc.), the number of antennas of the terminal transmitting the SRS, whether the SRS is beamforming (e.g., SRS resource indicator (SRI)), etc. It may be determined based on SRS configuration information transmitted to this terminal.
- the base station may determine the SRS configuration of the corresponding terminal for smooth channel estimation.
- the base station may perform channel estimation based on CSI from the terminal.
- the base station may transmit a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a CSI-reference signal (CSI-RS) to the terminal.
- the UE may generate CSI based on the received CRS or CSI-RS.
- CSI can include various parameters.
- CSI may include at least one of a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a rank indicator (RI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), or a layer indicator (LI).
- CRI indicates the resource of the CSI-RS related to the preferred beam.
- RI indicates information related to a rank of a channel, and refers to the number of streams that the terminal receives through the same resource.
- the PMI may indicate a precoding matrix recommended to the base station when using the number of layers known to the RI.
- the PMI is a value reflecting the spatial characteristics of a channel
- the terminal may indicate the recommended precoding matrix in the form of an index.
- the precoding matrix may be stored in the base station/terminal in the form of a codebook including a plurality of complex weights.
- CQI refers to a modulation scheme and a code rate for PDSCH transmission that can be received at a block error rate (BLER) less than a certain value when the RI and PMI recommended by the UE are used.
- BLER block error rate
- the base station may perform channel estimation based on the CSI received from the terminal.
- the base station may configure CSI in a necessary manner.
- the CSI configuration may include at least one of a CSI measurement configuration, a CSI reporting configuration, and a CSI-RS configuration.
- the base station adaptively generates a CSI configuration according to a required channel estimation method, and may transmit the generated CSI configuration to the terminal through RRC signaling.
- CRS is an always-on signal
- CSI may be reported periodically or aperiodically.
- the CSI-RS may be transmitted periodically or aperiodically.
- the base station predicts a channel from periodically received CSI, but according to an embodiment, it may request an aperiodic CSI report as needed (eg, CSI report on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)).
- PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
- CSI and CSI-RS have a more flexible design. That is, the CSI-RS may be transmitted periodically, semi-fixedly, or aperiodically.
- the base station may configure the terminal to report CSI periodically, semi-fixedly, or aperiodically.
- the base station predicts a channel based on periodic CSI-RS and periodic CSI report, but according to an embodiment, the CSI-RS and CSI report may be reconfigured as needed. That is, in the present disclosure, periodic transmission and periodic reporting are described as examples, but these are exemplary and CSI-RS transmission and CSI reporting may be configured in various ways.
- the base station can perform channel estimation based on CSI more effectively than the SRS.
- the SRS can be used through channel calibration.
- a base station eg, gNB or eNB
- SRSs For example, in the case of LTE CRS, it is transmitted over the entire band, but only 4 antennas are supported, so it is difficult to estimate a smooth channel in an antenna environment of 8 Tx or more after LTE Release 10, and CSI-RS is also not transmitted over the entire band. That is, since the base station acquires only sampled channel information specified at a part time (eg, slot unit) or a part frequency (eg, RB unit) among the total resources, it is difficult to accurately estimate a channel.
- a part time eg, slot unit
- a part frequency eg, RB unit
- the MU-MIMO gains were observed only in stationary terminals.
- the EKF method linearizes a nonlinear function for channel parameters into a linearization function through approximation. Therefore, the EKF method causes loss of information for statistical information of a second order or higher. Accordingly, there is a problem in that channel information that changes in time-frequency according to the movement of the terminal cannot be predicted smoothly.
- the base station pre-prescribes a channel corresponding to the current time based on the UKF method in which channel information (ie, raw channel information) (eg, CSI, SRS) obtained from the terminal is input By estimating, more robust precoding and scheduling can be provided to the terminal.
- the base station may pre-estimate a channel for each scheduling unit (TTI) (eg, slot).
- TTI scheduling unit
- the resource information may include current time-frequency resources (t s , f s ). Also, in some embodiments, the resource information may include time information. The time information may include a period of periodic CSI reporting, a number of measurements, a number of CSI transmissions, a number of reports of aperiodic CSI reporting, and a reporting time. Also, in some embodiments, the resource information may include frequency information. The frequency information may include an RB region (for example, bandwidth part (BWP) information), channel bandwidth, SCS, frequency hopping pattern, and neurology in which channel estimation is performed in the frequency domain. . Also, in some embodiments, the resource information may include spatial information. The spatial information may include beam information (eg, beam index such as CRI, SSBRI, and SRI), QCL parameters (eg, QCL type A, B, C, D), and antenna port information.
- BWP bandwidth part
- the resource information may include spatial information.
- the spatial information may include beam information (eg, beam index such as CRI,
- the base station may obtain channel parameters by performing UKF-based channel estimation based on channel information and resource information.
- the base station may output the acquired parameters for the next operation (630).
- the base station may acquire channel parameters for each path.
- the parameters for each channel may include a delay parameter ( ⁇ ), a Doppler parameter ( ⁇ ), and a complex weight ( ⁇ q ).
- the delay parameter and the Doppler parameter may be values that vary according to the path p.
- the complex weight is a channel parameter reflecting the spatial weight, and may be a function of the antenna q and the path p.
- parameters for each channel may include amplitude ( ⁇ ) and phase ( ⁇ ). These parameters can be used for the Type II codebook defined in 3GPP.
- the base station can more effectively estimate the channel vector through the corresponding parameters.
- the parameter for each channel may further include a rate of change of path delay ⁇ k and a rate of change of Doppler ⁇ k.
- UKF-based channel parameter acquisition refers to a process of acquiring channel parameters of state vectors defining a channel by using UKF.
- Various channel parameters may be defined according to how the base station constructs a state vector defining a channel.
- the channel parameters may include at least one of parameters related to the system model described in FIG. 6A.
- the UKF is a type of Kalman filter.
- the Kalman filter is a recursive filter for estimating the state of a linear model based on measurements including noise. Based on measurements performed in the past, the combined distribution of the current state variable (or state vector) is calculated. It is used to estimate.
- the recursive algorithm of the Kalman filter may include two steps of prediction and update. In the prediction step, the base station predicts the current state vector and accuracy. Thereafter, after the current state vector is actually measured, in the update step, the current state vector is updated by reflecting the difference between the predicted measured value and the actual measured value based on the previously estimated state vector.
- this update step may be performed again whenever the CSI buffer or the SRS buffer is updated or the resource configuration is changed (eg, a change in neurology).
- the updating step may be performed with a frequency less than that of prediction. Also, according to an embodiment, the updating step may be performed at the same frequency as the prediction.
- the Kalman filter is based on a linear model, it is not easy to apply it as it is in a nonlinear model such as a channel that changes according to a time resource, a frequency resource, or a spatial resource.
- a nonlinear model such as a channel that changes according to a time resource, a frequency resource, or a spatial resource.
- the devised EKF method is a method that can track a parameter in a nonlinear function by introducing a Taylor series and a linearization approximation of a nonlinear function containing the parameter to be estimated, and introducing it to the Kalman filter that was operated based on the linear function. to be.
- the EKF method causes an error in situations where it cannot accurately reflect secondary factors due to linear approximation.
- the base station may perform channel estimation based on UKF.
- the UKF method refines the 2n+1 number of 1) samples (sigma points) and 2) the weights (W) of the samples called sigma points. It is a method that combines a uniform transform (UT) that can be selected easily with a Kalman filter.
- UT uniform transform
- a deterministic sampling technique known as undirected transformation is used to obtain a minimum set of sample points around the mean.
- Sigma points are transferred through a nonlinear function, and have a form that calculates the mean and covariance of the transformed points.
- the base station can obtain a more accurate channel estimation result by predicting the state vector based on the sigma points. Specific operations are described through FIGS. 10 to 12.
- the base station can perform channel prediction.
- the channel prediction is a procedure of predicting a channel at a time point after acquisition of channel information according to predicted channel parameters, that is, a state vector value.
- the base station may determine an actual channel (eg, h q (f,t) in Equation 1) in the current time-frequency resource based on the channel information and the state vector.
- the channel can be expressed as a nonlinear function of channel parameters.
- the channel parameters may be parameters that are derived in the previous step 610 and constitute a state vector.
- the base station may determine a final channel vector from the state vector based on a model according to a nonlinear function (eg, Equation 6 or Equation 11).
- the base station may determine channel vectors based on the output of step 610 until the next channel information (eg, CSI buffer or SRS buffer) is updated.
- the channel may be based on the sum of up to P basis waveforms.
- the base station may receive a sample from a CSI buffer or an SRS buffer as an input, and derive a signal delay, a Doppler shift, and a combined weight. Thereafter, the base station may output a linear combination of P basis waveforms as a channel predicted at time t and frequency f.
- the base station may predict a channel in real time until Equations 3 and 4 and the next channel information (eg, CSI buffer or SRS buffer) are updated.
- FIG. 6C illustrates an example of a hopping pattern in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the SRS may be hopped and transmitted.
- SRS hopping in LTE is illustrated.
- a 4-SRS hopping pattern 650 and an 8-SRS hopping pattern 655 may be defined.
- the horizontal axis represents the time domain, and each index represents the number of the TTI.
- the vertical axis represents a frequency domain and represents a subband.
- the channel response may be configured as in Equation 9 above.
- m may sequentially indicate ⁇ 0, 2, 1, 3 ⁇
- n may sequentially indicate ⁇ 0, 1, 2, 3 ⁇ . have.
- the base station may perform measurement in units of 40 ms and update the channel prediction result. The base station can update the same frequency channel in units of 40ms.
- m sequentially points to ⁇ 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3 ⁇ , and n is ⁇ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⁇ can be sequentially indicated.
- the base station may perform measurement in units of 80 ms and update a channel prediction result.
- the base station can update the same frequency channel in units of 80ms.
- the base station may update the same frequency channel in units of 40 ms.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for estimating a channel based on an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- UPF Unscented Kalman Filter
- the base station may acquire channel information.
- the base station may acquire channel information on a downlink channel with the terminal.
- the base station may obtain channel information from the SRS.
- the terminal can transmit the SRS to the base station.
- the base station may obtain channel information for a downlink channel by measuring the received SRSs.
- the base station may receive CSI from the terminal.
- the base station may transmit reference signals for CSI to the terminal.
- the base station may transmit a CRS.
- the base station may transmit a CSI-RS.
- the UE may generate CSI from CRS or CSI-RS.
- CSI may include CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, or LI.
- PMI is exemplified as a CSI component for deriving a channel vector, but other CSI components may be used for channel prediction.
- the base station may acquire channel information for a downlink channel based on the CSI received from the terminal.
- the base station may acquire channel information at time t 0.
- the channel information indicates the state of the downlink channel at time t 0.
- the base station may obtain the current state information from the previous state information and the received channel information based on the undirected Kalman filter (UKF).
- the previous state information may mean state information estimated before time t0.
- channel parameters estimated based on channel information acquired at time t 0 -P may be included.
- P may be a period in which channel information is acquired (eg, an SRS period or a PMI report period).
- the current state information may include channel parameters estimated at time t 0.
- the base station may obtain current state information based on UKF in order to more accurately predict a multidimensional channel state. That is, the previous channel state information and the current channel state information may be information that is continuously updated according to the UKF's recursive algorithm. Current state information according to UKF may include channel parameters estimated based on prediction from previous state information and measurement and correction from channel information obtained from the terminal.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information based on the current state information.
- the current state information refers to the latest state information at the present time
- the predicted channel information refers to information representing an actual channel state estimated at the present time.
- the base station may generate predicted channel information based on the current state information until the next channel information is received.
- the base station based on the state information comprising the channel parameters obtained at the time t 0, to generate a predicted channel information at the time t 0 + ⁇ t ( ⁇ t 1 , t 1 is the time of the next channel information received) have.
- the base station may predict a change amount of each channel parameter on a time-frequency resource according to ⁇ t, and generate prediction channel information based on the predicted change amount.
- the base station may generate predicted channel information.
- the base station may determine the predicted channel information by using the state information according to the UKF. Since state information according to UKF is composed of high-dimensional channel states of low-dimensional channel parameters (e.g., delay parameter ( ⁇ ), Doppler parameter ( ⁇ ), complex weight ( ⁇ q )), the base station Complexity may be reduced in the channel prediction procedure.
- state information according to UKF is composed of high-dimensional channel states of low-dimensional channel parameters (e.g., delay parameter ( ⁇ ), Doppler parameter ( ⁇ ), complex weight ( ⁇ q )
- the base station Complexity may be reduced in the channel prediction procedure.
- ⁇ delay parameter
- ⁇ Doppler parameter
- ⁇ q complex weight
- FIG. 8A is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for channel estimation using a sounding reference signal (SRS) in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- SRS sounding reference signal
- the base station may receive an SRS.
- the base station may receive SRSs according to a predetermined configuration.
- SRSs may be transmitted periodically.
- the base station may periodically receive SRSs.
- SRSs may be transmitted in different subbands within a designated frequency band (eg, activated UL BWP). That is, the base station may receive SRSs for each subband according to the frequency hopping pattern.
- the base station may measure the received SRSs and obtain necessary channel information (eg, CSI, other channel quality).
- Channel quality includes beam reference signal received power (BRSRP), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), and CINR (reference signal received power). It may include at least one of carrier to interference and noise ratio), signal to noise ratio (SNR), error vector magnitude (EVM), bit error rate (BER), and block error rate (BLER).
- the base station may obtain a measurement result for the SRS.
- the measurement result for the SRS may be stored in a time-frequency unit. That is, SRSs received during one period from time t 0 may be expressed as the following equation.
- bWs indicates a set of bands through which SRS is transmitted.
- the base station may update the SRS buffer.
- the SRS buffer may contain a measurement result of the received SRS.
- the base station may update the SRS buffer based on the measurement result obtained in step 801.
- the base station can manage the SRS buffer according to the time-frequency resource.
- the base station may manage the SRS buffer in units of a specific frequency domain or in units of a time domain.
- the specific frequency domain may be composed of at least one unit of a subband, a bandwidth portion (BWP), a channel bandwidth, and a carrier frequency.
- the time domain may be composed of an SRS period, a TTI, and a period unit in which the same frequency domain is repeated.
- the SRS buffer may be managed in units of an SRS transmission period.
- the SRS buffer capacity is A period
- the SRS buffer may be in the form of ⁇ F 0 , F 2 , ..., F A-1 ⁇ .
- F 0 may be updated as shown in the following equation at t 0.
- the F 0 F 1 is the SRS buffer, F 1 is a F 2, ..., F A- 2 can be transferred to the A-1 and F, removing F A-1 is.
- the base station may obtain a channel parameter.
- the base station may acquire the channel parameter based on the SRS buffer.
- the base station may acquire the channel parameter based on the SRS measurement result for each time-frequency resource.
- a channel parameter may be a parameter constituting a state vector ⁇ k of UKF.
- the parameter constituting the state vector may include at least one of the channel parameters illustrated in the system model of FIG. 6A.
- the channel parameter may include at least one of a delay parameter, a Doppler parameter, a change value of a delay parameter, a change value of a Doppler parameter, and an amplitude and a phase of a signal.
- the state vector may be determined by the following equation.
- the base station may obtain prediction channel information.
- Predicted channel information is a time interval after t 0 is the SRS is received until the channel information update (e. G., The period T Ann right from t 0 t 0 + T before) may comprise a channel vector. Since the state vector has been updated based on the received SRS, the base station may predict the current channel vector based on the channel parameters of step 805 until the next SRS is received.
- the base station predicts channel information (e.g., channel vector or channel) at each time interval between t 0 and t 0 +T, that is, t 0 +1, t 0 +2, ..., t 0 +T-1. Parameters). For example, the base station may derive channel vectors according to the following equation.
- the state vector( ) Represent a channel vector at a time index t and a frequency index f.
- the 8B illustrates an example of channel estimation using SRS in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- a process of calculating the SRS buffer change and prediction channel information over time is described.
- the predicted channel information is channel information after a time point at which the channel information is received, and means information determined based on an estimated value of the base station.
- the base station may receive an SRS.
- the base station may generate predicted channel information between the viewpoint 831 and the viewpoint 833 from the state vector obtained at the viewpoint 831. That is, the base station, Based on, prediction channel information at a time point between a period from t 0 to t 0 +P may be generated.
- the base station may receive the SRS. That is, after P from the time point 831, the SRS may be received.
- the SRS transmission period may be P.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information from the state vector obtained at the time 833 to the next period (eg, t 0 +2P) from the time 833. That is, the base station, Based on, prediction channel information at a time point between a period from t 0 +P to t 0 +2P may be generated.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information based on the state vector ⁇ (t 0 +P).
- ⁇ (t 0 +P) corresponds to the old channel state vector, so the base station predicts through the channel parameters of the UKF-based state vector and the corresponding system model. It is possible to estimate the channel.
- the estimated channel may be expressed by the following equation.
- the SRS buffer may include a measurement result for the received SRS.
- the base station may receive SRSs.
- the base station may periodically receive SRSs.
- the base station may receive SRSs in various bandwidths (eg, bW 0 , bW 1 , bW 2 , bW 3 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 861 at (t 0 -P, bW 0 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 862 at (t 1 -P, bW 2 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 863 at (t 2 -P, bW 1 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 864 at (t 3 -P, bW 3 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 865 at (t 0 , bW 0 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 866 at (t 1 , bW 2 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 867 at (t 2 , bW 1 ).
- the base station may receive the SRS 868 at (t 3 , bW 3 ).
- the base station may sequentially update the SRS buffer for received SRSs.
- the base station may update the SRS buffer for each frequency resource f to which new SRS data arrives and store it in the memory.
- the SRS buffer may include a sequence of SRS channel estimates ⁇ B 0 , B 1 , ... ⁇ .
- the base station may update the channel prediction parameters ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 1 , ... ⁇ according to the selected channel prediction model using the sequence of SRS channel estimates. For this update, the previous channel prediction parameters are also used as input. For time t, where t>t 0 , the base station can derive a channel on each frequency resource k using a channel prediction model.
- the base station may take at least one of ⁇ F 0 , F 1 , ... ⁇ and ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 1, ... ⁇ as inputs.
- the SRS buffer may include a raw sequence of SRS channel estimates ⁇ F 0 (870), F 1 (875) ⁇ .
- the raw sequence may mean data that has not been processed separately from the received SRS estimation result.
- the UE is configured to transmit the SRS every T milliseconds (msec) at the same SRS BW, W 0.
- the SRS buffer is updated for all k of W.
- the UE is configured to transmit the SRS every T msec in different SRS subbands.
- the SRS buffer is updated for all f of bW s and remains the same for f of bW (s ⁇ 's).
- the contents of the SRS buffer for the time index i may include F (i, W_1) , F (i, W_2) , F (i, W_3) and F (i, W_4) corresponding to four SRS subbands. have.
- a new SRS arrives every P msec in each SRS subband, W 1 , W 2 , W 3 and W 4.
- BW 1 part of F 0 (i.e., F (0, W_1)) the new SRS estimate of SRS subbands, that is, h (bW1, t 2) and, when W 1 part of the F 1 is updated, the F 1 bW 1
- the portion ie, F (1, bW_1)
- the SRS buffer for each subband is similarly updated when a new SRS of the subband arrives.
- FIG. 9A is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for channel estimation using channel state information (CSI) in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- CSI channel state information
- the base station may receive CSI.
- the base station transmits a CRS or CSI-RS to the terminal, and the terminal may generate CSI based on the CRS or CSI-RS.
- the terminal may report the generated CSI to the base station.
- the terminal may periodically report CSI.
- CSI may include PMI.
- the PMI may be a PMI for the entire set bandwidth, that is, a wideband PMI (wideband PMI).
- the PMI may be a subband PMI.
- PMI is illustrated as a CSI component for a channel vector, but other parameters of CSI may be used to estimate a channel.
- the base station may update the CSI buffer.
- the CSI buffer may include a PMI buffer.
- the PMI buffer may include information on PMI included in CSI.
- the base station may update the PMI buffer based on the PMI obtained in step 901.
- the base station may manage the PMI buffer according to time-frequency resources.
- the base station may manage the PMI buffer in units of a specific frequency domain or in units of a time domain.
- the specific frequency domain may be composed of at least one unit of a PRB, a physical resource block group (PRG), a subband, a bandwidth portion (BWP), a channel bandwidth, and a carrier frequency.
- the time domain may be composed of a CSI-RS transmission period, a CSI report period, a TTI, and a period in which the same frequency domain is repeated.
- the base station may obtain a channel parameter.
- the base station may acquire a channel parameter based on a CSI buffer (eg, a PMI buffer).
- the base station may acquire a channel parameter based on a PMI for each time-frequency resource.
- a channel parameter may be a parameter constituting a state vector ⁇ k of UKF.
- the parameter constituting the state vector may include at least one of the channel parameters illustrated in the system model of FIG. 6A.
- the channel parameter may include at least one of a delay parameter, a Doppler parameter, a change value of a delay parameter, a change value of a Doppler parameter, and an amplitude and a phase of a signal.
- the state vector may be determined by the following equation.
- the base station may obtain predicted channel information.
- Predicted channel information is a time interval t 0 after that the following CSI (including PMI) received until the channel information is updated (e. G., Period T Ann Wu t 0 from t 0 + T until) a channel vector of can do. Since the state vector has been updated based on the received PMI, the base station may predict the current channel vector based on the channel parameters of step 805 until the next CSI (or PMI) is received.
- the base station predicts channel information (e.g., channel vector or channel) at each time interval between t 0 and t 0 +T, that is, t 0 +1, t 0 +2, ..., t 0 +T-1. Parameters). For example, the base station may derive channel vectors according to the following equation.
- the state vector( ) Represent a channel vector at a time index t and a frequency index f.
- the predicted channel information is channel information after a time point at which the channel information is received, and means information determined based on an estimated value of the base station.
- the base station may receive a PMI.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information between the viewpoint 931 and the viewpoint 933 from the state vector obtained at the viewpoint 931. That is, the base station, Based on, prediction channel information at a time point between a period from t 0 to t 0 +T may be generated.
- the base station may receive the PMI. That is, after T from the time point 931, the PMI may be received.
- the transmission period of the CSI including the PMI may be T.
- F 0 h PMI (t 0 +T, ⁇ f ⁇ )(943)
- F 1 h PMI (t 0 , ⁇ f ⁇ ) ⁇ (t 0 +), which is the state vector at the time point 933 from 953 T) is derived. For example, to be.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information from the state vector obtained at the time 933 to the time 933 until the next period (eg, t 0 +2T). That is, the base station, Based on, prediction channel information at a time point between a period from t 0 +T to t 0 +2T may be generated.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information based on the state vector ⁇ (t 0 +T).
- ⁇ (t 0 +T) corresponds to an aged channel state vector, so the base station predicts through the channel parameters of the UKF-based state vector and the corresponding system model. It is possible to estimate the channel.
- the estimated channel may be expressed by the following equation.
- the base station can schedule the terminal in any time/frequency resource and determine a precoder or MCS for the terminal.
- obtaining channel information at the transmitting end is essential for minimizing interference between users and providing efficient user services in order to maximize MU-MIMO gain.
- the scheduling gain is improved.
- the user mobility becomes stronger and the throughput gain is improved. I can.
- the base station may use a previously sampled or aged channel estimate.
- the old channel estimate is used as it is, scheduling that reflects the channel estimate works well for static terminals without user mobility, but scheduling performance may deteriorate for mobile terminals. This is because, from the standpoint of a highly mobile terminal, the outdated channel estimate does not correctly reflect the current channel state. Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for predicting a channel parameter when reconfiguring a channel for a time-frequency resource for which an SRS channel estimate or a CSI-based channel estimate is not available through UKF-based channel estimation.
- the base station may predict the channel using the previously collected SRS channel estimate or CSI reporting reported by the terminal based on the prediction model.
- the predictive model can be parameterized.
- the base station is a sequence of channel estimates ⁇ F 0 , F 1 ⁇ , channel prediction parameters ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 1 , ... ⁇ , PMI age (non-updating duration), or ⁇ t as shown in FIG. 9B.
- the base station generates a channel estimate at time t on each frequency resource f.
- channel estimation using SRS and estimation using PMI of CSI have been described as examples, but it goes without saying that the two channel schemes may be combined and used. That is, by adaptively utilizing the TM mode, the base station may supplement and use the CSI received in the channel estimation process using the SRS, or supplement the SRS during the channel estimation process using the CSI.
- Channel parameters used in channel estimation of the present disclosure are configured by a state vector obtained based on UKF.
- a first distribution map 1010 represents sampling of actual samples.
- the second distribution map 1020 represents sampling based on EKF. Since the Kalman filter is due to a linear model, a channel state that fluctuates according to a time resource, a frequency resource, and a spatial resource may not be linear according to the movement of the terminal. In particular, since the channel vector includes nonlinear elements (eg, exponential elements) such as a phase parameter, a delay parameter, and a Doppler parameter, it is difficult for the existing Kalman filter to operate smoothly. Since EKF-based sampling performs linear approximation through Taylor expansion, it is somewhat different from the sampling results for actual samples.
- nonlinear elements eg, exponential elements
- a third distribution plot 1030 represents sampling based on UKF.
- UKF-based sampling may include an unscented transform (UT) process instead of a batch linear approximation.
- the undirected transformation may include a process of deriving sigma points near a mean, a process of determining weights for sigma points, and a process of calculating outputs of sigma points through a nonlinear function.
- UT unscented transform
- the undirected transformation may include a process of deriving sigma points near a mean, a process of determining weights for sigma points, and a process of calculating outputs of sigma points through a nonlinear function.
- a new Gaussian distribution with UT mean and UT covariance is derived. Since the mean/covariance for a nonlinear function is calculated instead of a linear transformation such as Taylor's expansion, the UKF-based channel estimation can provide results similar to the actual distribution plot (e.g., first distribution plot 1010) in the nonlinear model
- FIG. 11A is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for UKF-based state information management in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the base station 110 of FIG. 1 As an apparatus for performing state information management, the base station 110 of FIG. 1 is illustrated.
- the procedures of FIG. 11A are a management procedure for the state information of step 703 of FIG. 7, and the operation flow of FIG. 11A may be understood as an operation of the channel estimation apparatus performing FIG. 7 or some components of the channel estimation apparatus. have.
- the base station may determine an initial estimate.
- the base station may determine the initial average value of the state vector.
- the base station may determine the initial covariance value of the state vector.
- the state vector is Can be
- the base station may determine sigma point information.
- the sigma point information may include information on the location of sigma points in the UKF and information on the weight of each sigma point.
- the base station can calculate sigma points.
- the base station can calculate the weight of each sigma point.
- the number of sigma points is determined based on the dimension size of the covariance matrix. For example, the base station may calculate a sigma point ( ⁇ i ) and a weight (W i ) from the sigma point based on the following equation.
- Is the mean of the previous state vector Denotes the covariance of the previous state vector
- n is the dimension of the state
- ⁇ is a constant. 2n+1 sigma points are determined, and each weight is determined based on n and ⁇ . According to an embodiment, to derive sigma points and weights, cholesky factorization may be used.
- the base station may obtain a priori estimate and an error covariance.
- the pre-estimated value represents a state expected in the time interval k, assuming the state in the time interval k-1.
- the pre-estimated value may be determined based on the following equation.
- Step 1105 is a procedure for estimating state information of time interval k based on state information in time interval k-1, and may be referred to as a state update procedure.
- the base station may obtain measurement information.
- the measurement information may include a measurement result for the SRS received from the terminal, or may include a CSI related to the measurement result for CRS or CSI-RS. That is, the base station may obtain measurement information from the SRS buffer or the CSI buffer.
- the measurement information may be y k.
- the base station may determine the Kalman gain.
- the Kalman gain is a weight applied to the Kalman filter, and may be a gain that is repeatedly updated to minimize an error from inaccurate measurement information.
- the base station can predict the measurement information and the covariance independently of the acquisition of the actual measurement information. For example, the base station may estimate measurement information and covariance based on the following equation.
- the estimating procedure is a procedure of estimating before obtaining actual measurement information, and may be performed before step 1107 or after step 1107. That is, it can be performed independently of the procedure for obtaining actual measurement information.
- the base station may calculate the Kalman gain based on the estimated information and measurement information actually obtained from step 1107.
- the Kalman gain is a gain determined to minimize an error from inaccurate measurement information, and the base station can calculate the Kalman gain in a time interval k.
- the base station may calculate the Kalman gain according to the following equation.
- K k means the Kalman gain in the time interval k.
- the base station may obtain a posterior estimate.
- the base station may obtain a post-estimated value based on a difference between the Kalman gain, the pre-estimated value, and the measurement information. For example, the base station may calculate a posterior estimation value according to the following equation.
- Posterior estimate Means a state vector in the time interval k.
- the base station is from the time interval k until the next measurement information is updated (eg, until the next CSI is received), Channel estimation may be performed based on the channel parameters according to.
- the base station may perform steps 1103 to 1111 again.
- the procedures of steps 1107 to 1111 are procedures for correcting state information estimated from actual measurement information, and may be referred to as a measurement update procedure. Meanwhile, in FIG. 11A, it is illustrated that the state update procedure and the measurement update procedure are performed in one cycle, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Since the measurement update procedure requires the reception of actual channel information, the frequency of each procedure may be configured differently. In some embodiments, the measurement update procedure may be performed with less frequency than the state update procedure. According to an embodiment, the ratio of the number of status updates to the number of measurement updates may be configured differently according to channel conditions. For example, when the channel state is highly volatile, it is necessary to minimize the possibility of an error by reflecting actual values through continuous measurement information update.
- 11B is a diagram illustrating an operation flow of an apparatus for managing state information combined with a least square method in order to reduce complexity in a UKF-based algorithm in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the base station may estimate a time delay and a Doppler frequency for each path by twice the number of paths for each user, based on UKF or EKF.
- a time delay and a Doppler frequency for each path may be estimated by twice the number of paths for each user, based on UKF or EKF.
- the base station may estimate the channel value for each antenna.
- the complexity of channel estimation may be reduced. That is, the above-described assumptions can be used in the design of a channel prediction algorithm with reduced complexity.
- the UKF algorithm it is possible to estimate the delay parameter ( ⁇ ) and the Doppler parameter ( ⁇ ).
- matrix B refers to a matrix in which P Bp vectors are stacked.
- the base station may try to obtain a complex weight ( ⁇ k ), which is a channel coefficient for each path seen from the k-th antenna.
- the base station may perform channel estimation based on a least square method.
- the base station may obtain a channel coefficient related to each antenna (eg, a k-th antenna) based on the least squares method, and estimate a channel based on the obtained channel coefficient.
- the base station may acquire state vector information, covariance information, and channel measurement information as inputs.
- the state vector information may be expressed as ⁇ n.
- ⁇ n may have a size of 2P max x 1.
- P max may be the number of paths.
- the covariance information may be expressed as P n.
- P n may have a size of 2P max x 2P max.
- the channel measurement information may be expressed as y k.
- y k may be the size of N RBperband N SRSband x 1.
- N SRSband may be the number of SRS bands, and N RBperband may be the number of RBs per band.
- k may represent the k-th antenna.
- the base station may calculate sigma points for the UKF.
- the base station may perform a prediction step. That is, the base station can update the state information of the UKF algorithm. The base station can update the state vector.
- the base station may perform the B function.
- the input is Can be
- the output can be B,B f ,B tf .
- each parameter of the B function of Equation 12 may be used.
- the base station may obtain a channel vector from the B function and the received vector based on the least squares function.
- the least squares function refers to a method for obtaining an estimated value so that the square of an error between an actual value and an estimated value is minimized.
- the base station may invert the ⁇ k vector, which is a channel coefficient for each k-th antenna and for each channel path, based on the following equation for the channel frequency response y k for each antenna.
- p may be the number of paths
- N T may be the number of transmit antennas.
- ⁇ ⁇ B -1 is common for all k
- the base station may perform an update step. That is, the base station may update the channel vector based on the measured values.
- the base station may additionally perform steps 1161 to 1163.
- the base station may perform the B function and may perform the least squares function.
- the base station may output parameters after step 1161 and terminate the operation.
- the base station performs a Doppler parameter (eg ), time delay parameters (e.g. ), channel coefficients (e.g. ), a state vector (e.g. ), and covariance errors (e.g. ) Can be printed.
- a Doppler parameter eg
- time delay parameters e.g.
- channel coefficients e.g.
- state vector e.g.
- covariance errors e.g.
- a channel estimation method that is more robust to UE movement is described by predicting a channel based on the UKF algorithm and performing correction based on an actual measurement value.
- a distributed deployment network structure has been proposed for function sharing in a base station, and accordingly, a message between a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) for UKF channel estimation of the present disclosure may be defined.
- the DU obtains a measurement result or CSI report according to SRS reception, it can be delivered to the CU. Accordingly, messages reporting raw channel information to the CU can be defined.
- the DU may define a CSI report, PMIs managed in a frequency unit, or report messages including SRS measurement results in a time-frequency resource unit.
- the CU may estimate the current channel state vector according to the UKF algorithm based on the acquired channel information.
- the CU may provide the final scheduling result to the DU.
- CU may include a scheduler.
- the CU may provide current state information on the acquired channel information to the DU.
- the DU may estimate a channel in real time based on the current state information. Until the next channel information is acquired, the DU may calculate a current channel vector based on a time delay parameter, a Doppler parameter, or a space vector according to the current state information.
- DU may include a scheduler.
- a control message including at least one of parameters constituting state information (eg, a state vector ⁇ k of Equation 15 to Equation 17) may be defined.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for adaptive channel estimation according to numerology in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the base station 110 of FIG. 1 is illustrated.
- the base station may acquire neurology information.
- the neurology information indicates subcarrier spacing and symbol length in a time-frequency resource grid, and may be indicated by ⁇ .
- ⁇ can be configured as follows. As the subcarrier interval increases, the symbol length decreases.
- the base station may determine whether a specified condition is met.
- the designated condition is a condition to trigger UKF-based channel estimation.
- the base station may determine whether to satisfy a specified condition based on the neurology information.
- the neurology information affects the Doppler effect on the demodulation reference signal (eg, DM-RS) and the frequency selectivity of the channel. For example, when configured ⁇ is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the base station may determine satisfaction of the specified condition. Since the channel change amount per RB is relatively increased according to the shorter symbol length and the increased subcarrier interval, it may be more sensitive to the movement of the terminal. Therefore, the base station can perform UKF-based channel estimation for robust scheduling. If the specified condition is satisfied, the base station may perform step 1205. If the specified condition is not satisfied, the base station may perform step 1207.
- the base station may perform UKF-based channel estimation.
- UKF-based channel estimation means that parameter parameters (ie, channel parameters) constituting a channel vector are defined as a state vector, and an algorithm for estimating a value of the corresponding state vector is performed in the UKF method.
- an error occurs during linear approximation, for example, when the mobility of the terminal is high or the change in the channel state is large, channel estimation according to nonlinear modeling is required, and the base station can perform UKF-based channel estimation. .
- the base station may perform EKF-based channel estimation. It means that parameter parameters (ie, channel parameters) constituting a channel vector are defined as a state vector, and an algorithm for estimating a value of the corresponding state vector is performed in the EKF method. Since it is more advantageous than UKF in terms of computation speed, if it is determined that the current channel situation is similar to the linear model, the base station may perform EKF-based channel estimation.
- channel estimation is performed according to the EKF method, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. If the specified condition is not satisfied, channel estimation may be performed according to a general KF method instead of EKF, or another recursive filter may be used.
- the neurology can be changed.
- Subcarrier spacing may be changed due to changes in operating frequency bands or channel conditions (delay parameters, Doppler parameters, etc.). In this case, even if the subcarrier interval is changed, different channel prediction may be performed in various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the base station may perform UKF-based channel estimation based on the changed neurology information.
- the base station may perform UKF-based channel estimation in consideration of the subcarrier interval change rate and the symbol length change rate.
- the scale of the Doppler parameter and the delay parameter may be changed based on ⁇ .
- the base station when the subcarrier interval increases from 15 kHz to 30 kHz, the base station is based on the channel estimates for two REs when the subcarrier interval is 15 kHz, and the channel for one RE when the subcarrier interval is 30 kHz. You can get an estimate. That is, a difference due to a change in neurology in the frequency domain may be compensated. In this case, ⁇ f of Equation 3 may be changed.
- the base station may perform channel estimation in consideration of a decrease in the slot length according to the reduced symbol length. That is, the base station can predict the channel state in units of ⁇ t/2 instead of ⁇ t.
- a new CSI feedback scheme is proposed in which the terminal estimates a time delay and Doppler for each path of a channel based on the UKF scheme, and feeds back channel parameters for this to the base station.
- Each individual terminal dispersively processes the UKF and reports the feedback information to the base station, so that the base station can similarly obtain the effect of UKF-based channel estimation by performing scheduling based on the feedback information.
- FIG. 13 a new PMI feedback scheme of the terminal through a new codebook structure is described.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an apparatus for codebook-based channel estimation in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the base station 110 of FIG. 1 is illustrated.
- the codebook may be a linear combination (LC) type codebook.
- the base station may receive a CSI including a Doppler factor from the terminal.
- the Doppler factor refers to a frequency component reflecting the Doppler effect to be robust to the mobility of the terminal.
- the terminal may feed back the index for the Doppler factor to the base station.
- the corresponding index may be linearly combined with factors such as amplitude scaling and spatial compression through an LC codebook structure as a matrix.
- the index may be configured to point to W 4 in the following equation.
- the Type II codebook structure proposed in Release 16 is illustrated.
- the base station may perform scheduling based on the received CSI.
- the base station may obtain a Doppler factor from CSI.
- the Doppler factor may be information related to the Doppler parameter of Equations 15 to 17.
- the base station may generate prediction channel information and perform scheduling based thereon. By including a part of the channel parameter as a CSI feedback element, the computational burden of the base station can be reduced.
- the base station may perform channel estimation based on PMI feedback based on the Type II codebook of NR Release 15, instead of using a separate codebook structure.
- Type II codebook-based PMI feedback may include amplitude and phase information.
- the base station may update state information including amplitude information and phase information.
- the state information may be configured as in Equation 15.
- the base station can update the state information according to the UKF-based scheme and predict the channel vector in real time.
- a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system is based on a process of acquiring channel information on a downlink channel with a terminal in a first time interval and an unscented Kalman filter.
- a process of acquiring current channel status information from previous status information and the channel information and a process of generating prediction channel information in a second time interval from the current channel status information.
- the process of obtaining the channel information includes a process of receiving one or more sounding reference signals (SRSs), and a process of generating a measurement result based on the received one or more SRSs,
- the one or more SRSs are periodically transmitted according to a period P, and the second time period may correspond to a time period from after the first time period until a period corresponding to the period P.
- the process of obtaining the channel information includes a process of receiving channel state information (CSI) including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and the CSI is periodic according to a period T.
- the second time period may correspond to a time period from after the first time period to before the period corresponding to the period T.
- the previous state information includes channel parameters at t k-1 before the first time interval
- the current state information includes channel parameters at t k, which is the first time interval.
- the channel parameters may include at least one of a Doppler parameter, a delay parameter, or a spatial vector according to an antenna.
- the process of obtaining the current status information includes a process of determining one or more sigma points for previous status information, a process of determining weight information for each of the sigma points, the weight information, and It may include a process of generating expected state information based on the sigma points, and a process of obtaining the current state information based on the expected state information and the channel information.
- the process of generating the prediction channel information includes a process of obtaining a time delay parameter and a Doppler parameter of the current channel state information, and based on the time delay parameter, the Doppler parameter, and resource difference information.
- the prediction channel information is generated based on the following equation, , h q (f,t) is the prediction channel information for the time-frequency resource (t,f) in the q-th antenna, (t,f) corresponds to the time difference and the frequency difference, and ⁇ p is the Delay parameter, ⁇ p may be the Doppler parameter, and ⁇ p, q may be a complex weight for antenna q.
- the process of acquiring the current channel state information includes a process of acquiring numerology information and a process of acquiring the current channel state information based on the numology information, .
- the numology information may indicate a subcarrier interval and symbol difference in a time-frequency resource structure of a downlink channel with the terminal.
- the channel information includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) including a Doppler factor
- the PMI corresponds to a component of a linear combination (LC) codebook
- the Doppler factor is the It may be obtained by the UE by UKF-based channel estimation.
- a base station in a wireless communication system, includes at least one transceiver and at least one processor, and the at least one processor provides channel information on a downlink channel with the terminal in a first time interval.
- the at least one processor provides channel information on a downlink channel with the terminal in a first time interval.
- obtain and, based on an unscented Kalman filter obtain current channel state information from previous state information and the channel information, and generate predicted channel information in a second time interval from the current channel state information. Can be configured.
- the at least one processor is configured to receive one or more sounding reference signals (SRSs) to obtain the channel information, and to generate a measurement result based on the received one or more SRSs.
- the one or more SRSs are periodically transmitted according to a period P, and the second time period may correspond to a time period from after the first time period until a period corresponding to the period P.
- the at least one processor is configured to receive channel state information (CSI) including a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) in order to obtain the channel information, and the CSI is a periodic It is transmitted periodically according to T, and the second time period may correspond to a time period from after the first time period to before a period corresponding to the period T.
- CSI channel state information
- PMI precoding matrix indicator
- the previous state information includes channel parameters at t k-1 before the first time interval
- the current state information includes channel parameters at t k, which is the first time interval.
- the channel parameters may include at least one of a Doppler parameter, a delay parameter, or a spatial vector according to an antenna.
- the at least one processor determines one or more sigma points for previous state information, determines weight information for each of the sigma points, and the weight It may be configured to generate predicted state information based on the information and the sigma points, and obtain the current state information based on the predicted state information and the channel information.
- the at least one processor obtains a time delay parameter and a Doppler parameter of the current channel state information to generate the prediction channel information, and the time delay parameter, the Doppler parameter, and a resource difference It is configured to generate the prediction channel information based on the information, the resource difference information, the time difference between the first time-frequency resource and the second time-frequency resource; And a frequency difference between the first time-frequency resource and the second time-frequency resource.
- the prediction channel information is generated based on the following equation, , h q (f,t) is the prediction channel information for the time-frequency resource (t,f) in the q-th antenna, (t,f) corresponds to the time difference and the frequency difference, and ⁇ p is the Delay parameter, ⁇ p may be the Doppler parameter, and ⁇ p, q may be a complex weight for antenna q.
- the at least one processor in order to obtain the current channel state information, obtains numerology information, and obtains the current channel state information based on the numology information. It is configured, and the numology information may indicate a subcarrier interval and symbol difference in a time-frequency resource structure of a downlink channel with the terminal.
- the channel information includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) including a Doppler factor
- the PMI corresponds to a component of a linear combination (LC) codebook
- the Doppler factor is the It may be obtained by the UE by UKF-based channel estimation.
- a channel estimation method extracts sigma points through UKF when channel parameters are extracted based on existing channel information (eg, CSI transmitted by a terminal, CSI obtained by an SRS),
- the purpose is to perform channel prediction more efficiently by continuously predicting/updating the state vector and error covariance for channel estimation. Accordingly, in a channel model that is nonlinearly configured according to the movement of the terminal, low-complexity and high-performance channel prediction can be achieved through a UKF-based algorithm.
- a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs (software modules) may be provided.
- One or more programs stored in a computer-readable storage medium are configured to be executable by one or more processors in an electronic device (device).
- the one or more programs include instructions for causing the electronic device to execute methods according to embodiments described in the claims or specification of the present disclosure.
- These programs include random access memory, non-volatile memory including flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and electrically erasable programmable ROM. (electrically erasable programmable read only memory, EEPROM), magnetic disc storage device, compact disc-ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs) or other forms of It may be stored in an optical storage device or a magnetic cassette. Alternatively, it may be stored in a memory composed of a combination of some or all of them. In addition, a plurality of configuration memories may be included.
- non-volatile memory including flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and electrically erasable programmable ROM. (electrically erasable programmable read only memory, EEPROM), magnetic disc storage device, compact disc-ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs) or other forms of It may be stored in an optical storage device or a magnetic cassette. Alternatively, it may be stored in a memory composed of a combination of some or all of them. In addition, a plurality
- the program is a communication network such as the Internet (Internet), Intranet (Intranet), LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network), or SAN (storage area network), or a communication network composed of a combination thereof. It may be stored in an accessible storage device. Such a storage device may access a device performing an embodiment of the present disclosure through an external port. In addition, a separate storage device on the communication network may access a device performing an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 기지국에 의해 수행되는 방법에 있어서,제1 시간 구간에서 단말과의 하향링크 채널에 대한 채널 정보를 획득하는 과정과,무향 칼만 필터(unscented Kalman filter)에 기반하여, 이전 상태 정보 및 상기 채널 정보로부터 현재 채널 상태 정보를 획득하는 과정과,상기 현재 채널 상태 정보로부터, 제2 시간 구간에서의 예측 채널 정보를 생성하는 과정을 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 채널 정보를 획득하는 과정은,하나 이상의 SRS들(sounding reference signals)을 수신하는 과정과,상기 수신된 하나 이상의 SRS들에 기반하여 측정 결과를 생성하는 과정을 포함하고,상기 하나 이상의 SRS들은 주기 P에 따라 주기적으로 전송되고,상기 제2 시간 구간은, 상기 제1 시간 구간 이후부터 상기 주기 P에 대응하는 구간 전까지의 시간 구간에 대응하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 채널 정보를 획득하는 과정은,PMI(precoding matrix indicator)를 포함하는 채널 상태 정보(channel state information, CSI)를 수신하는 과정을 포함하고,상기 CSI는 주기 T에 따라 주기적으로 전송되고,상기 제2 시간 구간은, 상기 제1 시간 구간 이후부터 상기 주기 T에 대응하는 구간 전까지의 시간 구간에 대응하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 이전 상태 정보는, 상기 제1 시간 구간 이전인 tk-1에서의 채널 파라미터들을 포함하고,상기 현재 상태 정보는, 상기 제1 시간 구간인 tk에서의 채널 파라미터들을 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 채널 파라미터들은, 도플러 파라미터(doppler parameter), 지연 파라미터(delay parameter), 또는 안테나에 따른 공간 벡터 중에서 적어도 하나를 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 현재 상태 정보를 획득하는 과정은,이전 상태 정보에 대한 하나 이상의 시그마 포인트들을 결정하는 과정과,상기 시그마 포인트들 각각에 대한 가중치 정보를 결정하는 과정과,상기 가중치 정보 및 상기 시그마 포인트들에 기반하여, 예상 상태 정보를 생성하는 과정과,상기 예상 상태 정보 및 상기 채널 정보에 기반하여, 상기 현재 상태 정보를 획득하는 과정을 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 예측 채널 정보를 생성하는 과정은,상기 현재 채널 상태 정보의 시간 지연 파라미터 및 도플러 파라미터를 획득하는 과정과,상기 시간 지연 파라미터, 상기 도플러 파라미터, 및 자원 차이 정보에 기반하여 상기 예측 채널 정보를 생성하는 과정을 포함하고,상기 자원 차이 정보는,상기 제1 시간-주파수 자원과 상기 제2 시간-주파수 자원의 시간 차이; 및상기 제1 시간-주파수 자원과 상기 제2 시간-주파수 자원의 주파수 차이를 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 현재 채널 상태 정보를 획득하는 과정은,뉴멀로지(numerology) 정보를 획득하는 과정과,상기 뉴멀로지 정보에 기반하여 상기 현재 채널 상태 정보를 획득하는 과정을 포함하고,상기 뉴멀로지 정보는, 상기 단말과의 하향링크 채널의 시간-주파수 자원 구조에서 서브캐리어 간격 및 심볼 기이를 나타내는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 채널 정보는 도플러 팩터(doppler factor)를 포함하는 PMI(precoding matrix indicator)를 포함하고,상기 PMI는 LC(linear combination) 코드북의 구성 요소에 대응하고,상기 도플러 팩터는 상기 단말에서 UKF 기반 채널 추정에 의해 획득되는 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 기지국에 있어서,적어도 하나의 송수신기와적어도 하나의 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는,제1 시간 구간에서 단말과의 하향링크 채널에 대한 채널 정보를 획득하고,무향 칼만 필터(unscented Kalman filter)에 기반하여, 이전 상태 정보 및 상기 채널 정보로부터 현재 채널 상태 정보를 획득하고,상기 현재 채널 상태 정보로부터, 제2 시간 구간에서의 예측 채널 정보를 생성하도록 구성되는 기지국.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는, 상기 채널 정보를 획득하기 위해,하나 이상의 SRS들(sounding reference signals)을 수신하고,상기 수신된 하나 이상의 SRS들에 기반하여 측정 결과를 생성하도록 구성되고,상기 하나 이상의 SRS들은 주기 P에 따라 주기적으로 전송되고,상기 제2 시간 구간은, 상기 제1 시간 구간 이후부터 상기 주기 P에 대응하는 구간 전까지의 시간 구간에 대응하는 기지국.
- 청구항 11에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는, 상기 채널 정보를 획득하기 위해,PMI(precoding matrix indicator)를 포함하는 채널 상태 정보(channel state information, CSI)를 수신하도록 구성되고,상기 CSI는 주기 T에 따라 주기적으로 전송되고,상기 제2 시간 구간은, 상기 제1 시간 구간 이후부터 상기 주기 T에 대응하는 구간 전까지의 시간 구간에 대응하는 기지국.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 이전 상태 정보는, 상기 제1 시간 구간 이전인 tk-1에서의 채널 파라미터들을 포함하고,상기 현재 상태 정보는, 상기 제1 시간 구간인 tk에서의 채널 파라미터들을 포함하는 기지국.
- 청구항 14에 있어서, 상기 채널 파라미터들은, 도플러 파라미터(doppler parameter), 지연 파라미터(delay parameter), 또는 안테나에 따른 공간 벡터 중에서 적어도 하나를 포함하는 기지국.
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| EP4044537A4 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
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