WO2021082455A1 - 空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及其冷却方法 - Google Patents

空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及其冷却方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021082455A1
WO2021082455A1 PCT/CN2020/095063 CN2020095063W WO2021082455A1 WO 2021082455 A1 WO2021082455 A1 WO 2021082455A1 CN 2020095063 W CN2020095063 W CN 2020095063W WO 2021082455 A1 WO2021082455 A1 WO 2021082455A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
pipe
nacelle
cooling system
dehumidification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/095063
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
白洛林
方涛
瑟琳森彼得·海赛尔伦德
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority to AU2020373587A priority Critical patent/AU2020373587B2/en
Priority to ES20882050T priority patent/ES2998470T3/es
Priority to EP20882050.6A priority patent/EP4043725B1/en
Priority to CA3156782A priority patent/CA3156782A1/en
Publication of WO2021082455A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082455A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/201—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by impingement of a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/205—Cooling fluid recirculation, i.e. after having cooled one or more components the cooling fluid is recovered and used elsewhere for other purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05B2260/64—Aeration, ventilation, dehumidification or moisture removal of closed spaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of cooling technology, in particular to an air cooling system, a wind power generator set and a cooling method thereof.
  • Wind power is one of the renewable energy technologies closest to commercialization, and it is the focus of renewable energy development.
  • the motor in the wind turbine generator has heat loss during operation, which mainly includes: electromagnetic loss, that is, Joule heat generated by ohmic impedance in the winding, that is, copper loss; hysteresis loss and eddy current loss in the iron core, that is, iron Loss; and the inevitable stray loss; if it is a permanent magnet motor, it also includes magnetic steel loss.
  • electromagnetic loss that is, Joule heat generated by ohmic impedance in the winding, that is, copper loss
  • hysteresis loss and eddy current loss in the iron core that is, iron Loss
  • the inevitable stray loss if it is a permanent magnet motor, it also includes magnetic steel loss.
  • the single unit capacity of the unit continues to increase, which directly leads to the continuous increase in the losses of the wind turbine unit, and the cooling system of the motor will occupy more space in the engine room.
  • the design requirements for the cooling system are also more stringent.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an air cooling system, a wind power generating set and a cooling method thereof, which can simultaneously solve the problems of dehumidification and cooling of the wind power generating set.
  • the present application proposes an air cooling system applied to a wind turbine generator set.
  • the air cooling system includes: a first dehumidification system arranged on the wall of the nacelle of the wind turbine generator set and communicated with the nacelle; and a second dehumidification system, It is arranged in the nacelle and divides the internal space of the nacelle into a first cavity and a second cavity.
  • the second cavity is connected with the air outlet of the generator of the wind turbine generator set;
  • the driving equipment is arranged in the nacelle; wherein, Under the action of the driving equipment, the outside air is mixed with the high-temperature air discharged from the outlet of the generator after passing through the first dehumidification system.
  • the mixed air enters the first cavity, and enters the second cavity after passing through the second dehumidification system. Perform heat exchange with the heat generating component and/or the generator in the second cavity.
  • the present application also provides a wind power generator, the wind power generator includes a generator; a nacelle connected to the generator; and any air cooling system as described above, the air cooling system is arranged in the nacelle and Between the air inlets of the generator.
  • the present application also provides a method for cooling a wind power generator set as described above, which includes: the external cooling air is discharged from the air outlet of the generator after passing through the first dehumidification system under the action of the driving equipment.
  • the mixed air enters the first cavity of the cabin and then enters the second cavity of the cabin through the second dehumidification system, and exchanges heat with the heating components and/or generators in the second cavity.
  • An air cooling system and a wind power generator set provided by the present application are provided with an air cooling system between the nacelle of the wind power generator set and the air inlet of the generator.
  • the air cooling system includes a first air cooling system arranged on the wall of the nacelle and communicating with the nacelle.
  • the dehumidification system and the second dehumidification system arranged in the engine room can simultaneously solve the dehumidification and cooling problems of the wind generator set, and the overall structure is simple and compact, occupying a small space, and convenient for maintenance.
  • the cooling method of a wind power generator set provided by the present application performs two-stage dehumidification of the external cooling air and then exchanges heat with the heating components and/or generators in the nacelle, thereby solving the dehumidification and dehumidification of the wind power generator. Cooling problem.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dehumidification device in the air cooling system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pipeline layout structure in the nacelle of the air cooling system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another air cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the pipeline layout structure in the nacelle of the air cooling system shown in FIG. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another air cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another air cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a flow chart of a method for cooling a wind turbine generator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • M-generator S-subsystem; C-engine room; In-air inlet; O-air outlet; A-auxiliary air outlet; F-filter; A1-dehumidification area; A2-hygroscopic area; C1-first Cavity; C2-second cavity;
  • the ambient air outside the nacelle C of a wind turbine generator generally has a certain relative humidity, especially for offshore wind turbines, the marine environment is high-salt and high-humidity air, and most of it exists in the form of droplet particles, so the outside cooling air Before entering the engine room C, at least the outside cooling air needs to be dehumidified, and desalination is required if necessary.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an air cooling system applied to a wind power generator.
  • the air cooling system includes: a first dehumidification system 2, a second dehumidification system 4, and a driving device 3.
  • the first dehumidification system 2 is arranged on the wall of the nacelle C of the wind turbine generator set and communicates with the nacelle C.
  • the first dehumidification system 2 is a gas-liquid separation device for separating liquid droplets in the external cooling air.
  • the first dehumidification system 2 can be arranged on the inner wall of the cabin C, or on the outer wall of the cabin C, preferably on the outer wall of the cabin C, so that all the cooling air entering the cabin C passes through the first dehumidification system 2 and does not occupy any of the cabin C.
  • the second dehumidification system 4 is arranged in the nacelle C, and divides the internal space of the nacelle C into a first cavity C1 and a second cavity C2, and the second cavity C2 is in communication with the air outlet O of the generator M of the wind turbine Set up.
  • the driving device 3 is arranged in the cabin C to introduce external cooling air into the cabin C through the first dehumidification system 2. Due to the effect of inertia, most of the droplet particles with a diameter of, for example, 12 ⁇ m or more will impact on the blades of the wind turbine, and then flow out of the cabin C. After removing the large-diameter droplet particles, the remaining particles contain a small amount of water and a small amount of salt.
  • the moist air is introduced into the nacelle by the driving device 3 through the first dehumidification system 2, mixed with part of the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet O of the generator M, and after passing through the second dehumidification system 4, and with the heating components and/or the nacelle C
  • the generator M performs heat exchange.
  • the drive device 3 is a centrifugal fan, which includes a drive motor and fan blades, and the fan blades rotate under the drive of the drive motor.
  • the heating components in the nacelle C include, but are not limited to, various electrical equipment, gearboxes, etc., depending on the specific layout structure of the wind turbine generator set.
  • the external cooling air is mixed with the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet O of the generator M after passing through the first dehumidification system 2, and the mixed air enters the first cavity C1 and passes through the second dehumidification system. 4, it enters the second cavity C2 and exchanges heat with the heating components and/or the generator M in the second cavity C2.
  • the flow rate of the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet O of the generator M is adjusted so that the mixed air in the first cavity C1 has a predetermined relative humidity.
  • the air cooling system adopts the direct cooling method of outside air, and the cooling temperature is low, which improves the cooling effect of the wind power generator. Since there is no risk of corrosion and leakage, the reliability is higher than that of liquid cooling or air-liquid integrated cooling methods. At the same time, it saves complicated parts such as liquid cooling pipes, pumping stations, heat exchangers, and pressure stabilizing systems. It has a compact structure and takes up space. Small, easy to maintain, and low manufacturing cost.
  • the air cooling system provided by the embodiments of the present application is provided by providing an air cooling system between the nacelle C of the wind turbine generator set and the air inlet In of the generator M.
  • the air cooling system includes a first part arranged on the wall of the nacelle C and communicating with the nacelle C.
  • a dehumidification system 2 and a second dehumidification system 4 arranged in the nacelle C can simultaneously solve the dehumidification and cooling problems of the wind turbine, and the overall structure is simple and compact, and it takes up little space and is easy to maintain
  • the air cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes: a first pipe 1 and a second pipe 5.
  • the first pipe 1 has a first end 11 located in the cabin C and a second end 12 located outside the cabin C.
  • the driving device 3 is arranged corresponding to the first end 11 of the first pipe 1, and the first dehumidification system 2 corresponds to the first
  • the second end 12 of the pipe 1 is provided on the wall of the nacelle C.
  • One end of the second pipe 5 is connected to the air outlet O of the generator M, and the other end extends to the outside of the nacelle C after intersecting with the first pipe 1 to communicate with the outside cooling air, so as to discharge part of the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet O of the generator M It is mixed with the cooling air entering the first pipe 1.
  • the driving device 3 is arranged in the downstream area of the intersection of the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 5, and the external cooling air is mixed with the high-temperature exhaust of the generator M (the temperature can reach above 90 degrees Celsius), which improves the efficiency of the external cold air.
  • the temperature reduces the humidity of the outside cooling air.
  • the relative humidity of the mixed gas is controlled to be lower than 74%, preferably lower than 60%.
  • the liquid salt contained in the mixed air can be dried and solidified and precipitated automatically.
  • Setting the driving device 3 in the downstream area of the intersection of the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 5 can better drive the gas in the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 5 to fully mix, and realize the control of the relative humidity of the mixed air. Solidification and desalination; it can also prevent the salt in the outside air from corroding the drive equipment 3, thereby entering the engine room C and the generator M. Therefore, the mixed air exchanges heat with the heat generating parts of the nacelle C and/or the generator M. It can make full use of the high-temperature waste heat exhausted by the generator M, reduce energy consumption, and dehumidify and desalt the external cooling air, and can directly cool the heating components in the nacelle C of the wind turbine generator and/or the generator M .
  • the air cooling system further includes a first regulating valve 6, which is arranged at the intersection of the first pipe 1 and the second pipe 5. In order to adjust the flow rate of the high-temperature air entering the first pipe 1 from the second pipe 5.
  • the first regulating valve 6 is preferably a three-way valve, which is respectively communicated with the first pipe 1, the second pipe 5 and the outside air. Part of the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet O of the generator M to the second pipe 5 enters the first pipe 1 through the first regulating valve 6, and most of the remaining high-temperature air is discharged out of the cabin C through the second pipe 5. After the high-temperature air entering the first pipe 1 is mixed with the air containing high salt and high humidity, the temperature rises and becomes an unstable mixture of saturated salt solution particles and air.
  • the first regulating valve 6 controls the relative humidity of the mixed gas to be lower than 74%, preferably less than 60%, the mixture precipitates salt crystals in the form of crystals under the rotation of the driving device 3, and the salt crystals fall into the storage box (not shown in the figure) of the engine room C, which improves the Desalination and dehumidification effect of outside cooling air.
  • a first circulation fan 52 is provided on the second duct 5 to improve the mixing efficiency of the high-temperature air in the second duct 5 and the humid air in the first duct 1 and further improve the dehumidification effect of the outside air.
  • the mixed gas after preliminary dehumidification and desalination through the first dehumidification system 2 enters the cabin C through the first pipe 1 under the action of the driving device 3, and then continues to dehumidify through the second dehumidification system 4, which can improve the overall environment of the outside air.
  • the dehumidification effect reduces the structural complexity of the second dehumidification system 4 and reduces the occupied space of the cabin C.
  • the second dehumidification system 4 includes an isolation bracket 41, a dehumidification device 42 and a third pipe 7.
  • the isolation bracket 41 is connected to the wall of the nacelle C, and is arranged to be tapered along the air flow direction in the first cavity C1.
  • the dehumidification device 42 is arranged on the isolation bracket 41 and located at the downstream end of the air flow.
  • One end of the third pipe 7 is connected with the second pipe 5, and the other end is connected with the dehumidification device 42 to guide the high-temperature air to the dehumidification device 42.
  • the isolation bracket 41 may have a parabolic surface or a tapered surface structure. For manufacturing convenience, a tapered surface structure is generally selected.
  • the dehumidification device 42 includes a runner 421 with a containing cavity and moisture-absorbing particles 422 arranged in the containing cavity.
  • the third pipe 7 passes through the runner 421 to divide the containing cavity into a dehumidification area A1 and a moisture absorption area A2.
  • the high-temperature air in the third duct 7 heats the moisture-absorbing particles 422 in the dehumidification area A1 to process the moist air in the dehumidification area A1 into dry air.
  • the dehumidification device 42 further includes a drive motor 423 and a transmission belt 424.
  • the drive motor 423 is arranged in the nacelle C.
  • the transmission belt 424 is arranged between the output shaft of the drive motor 423 and the runner 421 to drive the runner 421 relative to the isolation bracket 41. Can be rotated.
  • the accommodating cavity of the runner 421 is divided into a dehumidification area A1 and a moisture absorption area A2.
  • the dehumidification area A1 occupies about 1/4, and the moisture absorption area A2 occupies about 3/4.
  • the moisture in the air is absorbed by the moisture absorbing particles 422 and becomes dry air.
  • the rotating wheel 421 drives the transmission belt 424 to rotate through the driving motor 423, and the high-temperature air in the third pipe 7 heats the moisture-absorbing particles 422 in the dehumidifying area A1, and takes away the moisture attached to the moisture-absorbing particles 422.
  • the moisture-absorbing particles 422 in the dehumidifying area A1 become dry particles with adsorption capacity, and the runner 421 keeps rotating under the drive of the driving motor 423 and the transmission belt 424, so as to always dehumidify the moisture attached to the moisture-absorbing particles 422. .
  • a small amount of salt in the moist air precipitates salt crystals in the form of crystals, which are filtered and removed by the filter F at the air inlet In of the generator M, which further improves the external cooling Desalination and dehumidification effect of air.
  • the cooling air dehumidified by the second dehumidification system 4 can directly cool the heating components in the cabin C, and enters the generator M through the filter F at the air inlet In of the generator M, and the filter F is used to remove the mixed air
  • the remaining dust, salt and other impurities will then absorb heat from heating components such as stator windings, stator cores, magnets, etc., and then enter the second pipe 5 through the air outlet O, and part of the high-temperature air enters the first pipe 1 to continue the next time
  • the air is cooled and circulated, and the other part of high temperature air is discharged to the outside of cabin C.
  • the second dehumidification system 4 further includes a second regulating valve 43, which is arranged at the intersection of the third pipe 7 and the second pipe 5 to regulate the flow of the second pipe 5 into the third pipe 7
  • the flow rate of the high-temperature air further makes the air after the second-stage dehumidification by the second dehumidification system 4 have a predetermined temperature and a predetermined relative humidity.
  • the sub-system S of the air cooling system further includes a plurality of sub-pipes 51 arranged in the nacelle C and communicating with the outside, and the plurality of sub-pipes 51 are arranged in the second dehumidification system 4.
  • the downstream part is communicated with the second pipe 5 to discharge the high-temperature air generated by the generator M to the outside of the nacelle C through a plurality of sub-pipes 51.
  • a plurality of sub-pipes 51 are located in the engine room C.
  • the inner is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an air cooling system, which is similar in structure to the air cooling system shown in FIG. 1, except that the generator M is also provided with an auxiliary air outlet A.
  • the air cooling system also includes a fourth pipe 8, one end of which is connected to the auxiliary air outlet A, and the other end is connected to the outside.
  • a second circulation fan 81 is provided on the fourth duct 8 to improve the exhaust efficiency of the fourth duct 8.
  • the function of the auxiliary air outlet A is to divide the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the generator M into two branches. Part of the high-temperature air in one branch is mixed with the wet and cold air in the first pipe 1 through the second pipe 5, and the other One part is discharged out of the cabin C, and the other branch is discharged out of the cabin C through the fourth pipe 8.
  • the exhaust resistance of the second duct 5 can be reduced, the power of the second driving device 52 can be reduced, and the complexity of the air cooling system can be reduced.
  • the auxiliary air outlet A of the generator M corresponds to the arrangement in the nacelle C; the subsystem S also includes a plurality of sub-pipes 51 arranged in the nacelle C and communicated with the outside, and the plurality of sub-pipes 51 are connected to the
  • the fourth duct 8 is connected to discharge the high-temperature air generated by the generator M to the outside of the nacelle C through a plurality of sub ducts 51.
  • a plurality of sub-pipes 51 are located in the engine room C.
  • the inner is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an air cooling system, which is similar in structure to the air cooling system shown in Fig. 4, except that the auxiliary air outlet A of the generator M is arranged outside the nacelle C, and The multiple sub-pipes 51 are omitted to reduce the occupied space of the nacelle C, the layout is more compact and simple, and the manufacturing cost is reduced at the same time.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an air cooling system, which is similar in structure to the air cooling system shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4, and FIG. 6, except that the air cooling system includes: operating independently of each other For more than two subsystems S, the structure of each subsystem S can be the same, which saves complicated settings and simplifies the entire air cooling system.
  • a single subsystem S includes at least: a first pipe 1, a first dehumidification system 2, a driving device 3, and a second pipe 5.
  • the first pipe 1 and the driving device 3 of the two or more subsystems S are located in the first cavity Within C1.
  • two or more subsystems S are started at the same time, and the outside cooling air passes through the primary dehumidification of the first dehumidification system 2 of the two or more subsystems S and mixes with part of the high-temperature air discharged from the generator M, and the mixed air merges together.
  • the first cavity C1 of the nacelle C after being dehumidified by the second dehumidification system 4, it flows through the heating equipment and/or the generator M in the second cavity C2 and is discharged to cool the wind turbine generator. , At least one of dehumidification and desalination.
  • the operation of the other subsystem S will not be affected, which improves the fault tolerance of the air cooling system.
  • the first dehumidification system 2 of the cabin C usually freezes and blocks the entry due to the outside cooling air being in a humid and low-temperature environment.
  • the passage of engine room C also needs to be deiced.
  • the driving devices 3 of two or more subsystems S operate alternately for a predetermined time respectively to realize the deicing of the first dehumidification system 2.
  • the working principle of de-icing is as follows: When the driving device 3 of the first subsystem S is running, the pressure in the engine room C increases. Since the driving device 3 of the remaining subsystems S is not turned on, the pressured air will pass through the rest The inactive driving device 3 and the first pipe 1 of the subsystem S diffuse outwards. Since the air temperature in the engine room C is higher than the ambient temperature, the first pipe 1 and the first dehumidification system 2 of the remaining subsystem S can be De-icing.
  • the first pipe 1 and the first dehumidification system 2 of each of the two or more subsystems S are deiced. After the deicing work is completed, the first pipes 1 of the two or more subsystems S can be connected with the outside air.
  • the air cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes a temperature sensor and a controller (not shown in the figure) electrically connected to the temperature sensor.
  • a temperature sensor is arranged on the wall of the nacelle C to monitor the ambient temperature outside the nacelle C.
  • the controller controls the driving devices 3 of two or more subsystems S to operate alternately for a predetermined time respectively to deicer the first dehumidification system 2 of each subsystem S.
  • the predetermined temperature is, for example, 0°C
  • the predetermined time is, for example, 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • the second ducts 5 of more than two subsystems S are integrally arranged, so that the number of the second ducts 5 and the first circulation fan 52 can be reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the space occupied by the nacelle is reduced, and the layout is compact.
  • the high-temperature gas of the generator M in the single second pipe 5 intersects and mixes with the first pipes 1 of the two or more subsystems S, and cools the outside of the two or more subsystems S entering the nacelle C from the first pipe 1. After the air is dehumidified and desalinized, it is mixed again, and after the second dehumidification, it enters the engine room C and the generator M, and cools the heating components of the engine room C and/or the generator M.
  • the air cooling system includes independent Take two operating subsystems S as an example. Multiple sub-pipes 51 of the two subsystems S are alternately distributed in the circumferential direction in the nacelle C.
  • the first subsystem S includes three sub-pipes 51 arranged in the engine room C and connected to the outside
  • the second subsystem S includes three sub-pipes 51 arranged in the engine room C and connected to the outside.
  • the six sub-pipes 51 are alternately distributed in the circumferential direction in the nacelle C, which maintains the uniformity and stability of the heat dissipation of the generator M, and improves the operational reliability of the generator M.
  • the generator M provided in the embodiment of the present application is further provided with an auxiliary air outlet A, the auxiliary air outlet A of the generator M is arranged in the nacelle C, and the multiple sub-pipes 51 of each subsystem S are connected to the fourth pipe 8 , In order to discharge the high-temperature air generated by the generator M to the outside of the nacelle C through a plurality of sub-pipes 51.
  • the generator M provided in the embodiment of the present application is further provided with an auxiliary air outlet A, which is arranged outside the engine room C.
  • the second circulating fan 81 is also outside the engine room C, which saves multiple sub-systems.
  • the duct 51 reduces the occupied space of the engine room C, the layout is more compact and simple, and the manufacturing cost is reduced at the same time.
  • each subsystem S of the air cooling system provided by the embodiments of the present application may also be different.
  • one of the subsystems S includes a first pipe 1, a first dehumidification system 2, a driving device 3, and a second The dehumidification system 4 and the second pipe 5, and the other subsystem S includes the first pipe 1, the first dehumidification system 2, the driving device 3, the second pipe 5 and the filtering device or other devices to realize different functions.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a wind power generator set, which includes: a generator M, a nacelle C connected to the generator M, and any of the aforementioned air cooling systems, the air cooling system being arranged at Between the nacelle C and the air inlet In of the generator M.
  • the wind turbine is provided with any of the aforementioned air cooling systems between the nacelle C and the air inlet In of the generator M, which includes the wall portion of the nacelle C and communicates with the nacelle C
  • the first dehumidification system 2 and the second dehumidification system 4 arranged in the nacelle C can simultaneously solve the dehumidification and cooling problems of the wind turbine, and the overall structure is simple and compact, occupying a small space, and easy to maintain
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a cooling method for a wind power generator set as described above, and the cooling method includes:
  • Step S1 The external cooling air is mixed with the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet O of the generator M after passing through the first dehumidification system 2 under the action of the driving device 3.
  • Step S2 The mixed air enters the first cavity C1 of the engine room C and then enters the second cavity C2 of the engine room C through the second dehumidification system 4, and heats it with the heating components and/or the generator M in the second cavity C2. exchange.
  • the cooling method of the wind turbine generator provided by the embodiment of the present application performs two-stage dehumidification of the external cooling air and then exchanges heat with the heating components in the nacelle C and/or the generator M, and simultaneously solves the dehumidification and dehumidification of the wind turbine generator. Cooling problem.
  • cooling method further includes:
  • Step S3 Monitoring whether the ambient temperature outside the engine room C is lower than a predetermined temperature, for example, the predetermined temperature is 0°C.
  • the air cooling system includes N sub-systems S running independently, N ⁇ 2, and each sub-system S includes at least: a first dehumidification system 2 and a driving device 3.
  • Step S4 If yes, start the drive device 3 of the i-th subsystem S among the N subsystems S and run for a predetermined time to realize the deicing of the first dehumidification system 2 of the remaining subsystems S among the N subsystems, wherein, 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N;
  • Step S5 Turn off the drive device 3 of the i-th subsystem S, start the drive device 3 of the i+1-th subsystem S, and run for a predetermined time to realize the dehumidification of the first dehumidification system 2 of the remaining subsystems S of the N subsystems ice.
  • Step S6 If not, start and run the drive device 3 of at least one subsystem S among the N subsystems S.
  • two or more subsystems S are started at the same time, and the outside cooling air passes through the primary dehumidification of the first dehumidification system 2 of the two or more subsystems S and mixes with part of the high-temperature air discharged from the generator M, and the mixed air merges together.
  • the first cavity C1 of the nacelle C after being dehumidified by the second dehumidification system 4, it flows through the heating equipment and/or the generator M in the second cavity C2 and is discharged, which greatly improves the performance of the wind turbine Cooling effect.
  • the operation of the other subsystem S will not be affected, which improves the fault tolerance of the air cooling system.
  • the first deicing system 2 does not need to be deiced, and the wind power generating set can be dehumidified and cooled directly.

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Abstract

一种空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及其冷却方法。空气冷却系统应用于风力发电机组，包括：第一除湿系统（2），设置于风力发电机组的机舱（C）的壁部，且与机舱（C）连通；第二除湿系统（4），设置于机舱（C）内，并将机舱（C）的内部空间分隔为第一空腔（C1）和第二空腔（C2），第二空腔（C2）与风力发电机组的发电机（M）的出气口（O）连通设置；驱动设备（3），位于第一空腔（C1）内；其中，外界冷却空气在驱动设备（3）的作用下，经第一除湿系统（2）后，与由发电机（M）的出气口（O）排放的高温空气混合，混合空气进入第一空腔（C1），经第二除湿系统（4）后进入第二空腔（C2），并与第二空腔（C2）内的发热部件和/或发电机（M）进行热交换。

Description

空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及其冷却方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2019年11月01日提交的名称为“空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及其冷却方法”的中国专利申请201911060126.7的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及冷却技术领域，特别是涉及一种空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及其冷却方法。
背景技术
风力发电是最接近商业化的可再生能源技术之一，是可再生能源发展的重点。风力发电机组中的电机在运行过程中存在热损耗，其主要包括：电磁损耗，即绕组中由于欧姆阻抗产生的焦耳热，即铜损；铁芯中的磁滞损耗和涡流损耗等，即铁耗；以及不可避免的杂散损耗；若为永磁电机，则还包括磁钢损耗。这些损耗使电机运行时释放出大量的热量，而这些热量不仅会对电机本身及其绝缘结构造成一定的冲击，导致缩短绝缘寿命甚至绝缘失效，还会导致电机的输出功率不断下降。
随着海上风力发电机组的快速发展，机组的单机容量不断增加，进而直接带来风力发电机机组损耗的不断提高，电机的冷却系统将占据更大的机舱空间。对于风沙较大或工作环境恶劣的工况，尤其对于海上盐雾环境，对冷却系统的设计要求也更严苛。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及其冷却方法，该空气冷却系统可以同时解决风力发电机组的除湿与冷却的问题。
一方面，本申请提出了一种空气冷却系统，应用于风力发电机组，该空气冷却系统包括：第一除湿系统，设置于风力发电机组的机舱的壁部且与机舱连通；第二除湿系统，设置于机舱内，并将机舱的内部空间分隔为第一空腔和第二空腔，第二空腔与风力发电机组的发电机的出气口连通设置；驱动设备，设置于机舱内；其中，外界空气在驱动设备的作用下，经第一除湿系统后，与由发电机的出气口排放的高温空气混合，混合空气进入第一空腔，经第二除湿系统后进入第二空腔，并与第二空腔内的发热部件和/或发电机进行热交换。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种风力发电机组，该风力发电机组包括发电机；机舱，与发电机连接；以及如前所述的任一种空气冷却系统，空气冷却系统设置于机舱与发电机的进气口之间。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种如前所述的风力发电机组的冷却方法，其包括：外界冷却空气在驱动设备的作用下经第一除湿系统后，与由发电机的出气口排放的高温空气混合；混合空气进入机舱的第一空腔后经第二除湿系统进入机舱的第二空腔，并与第二空腔内的发热部件和/或发电机进行热交换。
本申请提供的一种空气冷却系统及风力发电机组，通过在风力发电机组的机舱与发电机的进气口之间设置空气冷却系统，其包括设置于机舱的壁部且与机舱连通的第一除湿系统和设置于机舱内的第二除湿系统，可以同时解决风力发电机组的除湿及冷却问题，且整体结构简单紧凑、占用空间小，便于维护。另外，本申请提供的一种风力发电机组的冷却方法，通过对外界冷却空气进行两级除湿后再与机舱内的发热部件和/或发电机进行热交换，同时解决了风力发电机组的除湿及冷却问题。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式的描述中可以更好地理解本申请，其中，通过阅读以下参照附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显，相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的特征。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种空气冷却系统的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的空气冷却系统中的除湿装置的结构示意图；
图3是图1所示的空气冷却系统的机舱内的管路布局结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种空气冷却系统的结构示意图；
图5是图4所示的空气冷却系统的机舱内的管路布局结构示意图；
图6本申请实施例提供的另一种空气冷却系统的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种空气冷却系统的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种风力发电机组的冷却方法的流程框图。
附图标记说明：
M-发电机；S-子系统；C-机舱；In-进气口；O-出气口；A-辅助出气口；F-过滤件；A1-除湿区域；A2-吸湿区域；C1-第一空腔；C2-第二空腔；
1-第一管道；11-第一端；12-第二端；
2-第一除湿系统；
3-驱动设备；
4-第二除湿系统；41-隔离支架；42-除湿装置；421-转轮；422-吸湿颗粒；423-驱动电机；424-传动带；43-第二调节阀；
5-第二管道；51-子管道；52-第一循环风扇；
6-第一调节阀；
7-第三管道；
8-第四管道；81-第二循环风扇。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。下面的详细描述中公开了许多具体细节，以便全面理解本申请。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说，很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。本申请决不限于下面所提出的任何具体配置，而是在不脱离本申请的精神的前提下覆盖了元素和部件的任何修改、替换和改进。在附图和下面的描述中，没有示出公知的结构和技术，以便 避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊。
为了更好地理解本申请，下面结合图1至图8对本申请实施例的空气冷却系统、风力发电机组及发电机的冷却方法进行详细描述。
由于风力发电机组的机舱C外的环境空气一般具有一定的相对湿度，尤其对于海上风力发电机组，海上环境为高盐高湿的空气，且大部分以液滴颗粒的形式存在，因此外界冷却空气在进入机舱C之前，至少还需要对外界冷却空气进行除湿，必要的情况下还需要进行除盐。
参阅图1，本申请实施例提供了一种空气冷却系统，应用于风力发电机组，该空气冷却系统包括：第一除湿系统2、第二除湿系统4和驱动设备3。
第一除湿系统2设置于风力发电机组的机舱C的壁部，且与机舱C连通。可选地，第一除湿系统2为气液分离装置，用于分离出外界冷却空气中的液滴。第一除湿系统2可以设置于机舱C的内壁，也可以设置于机舱C的外壁，优选设置于机舱C的外壁，使得进入机舱C的冷却空气全部经过第一除湿系统2，不占用机舱C的内部空间
第二除湿系统4设置于机舱C内，并将机舱C的内部空间分隔为第一空腔C1和第二空腔C2，第二空腔C2与风力发电机组的发电机M的出气口O连通设置。
驱动设备3设置于机舱C内，以将外界冷却空气经第一除湿系统2引入机舱C内。由于惯性的作用，大部分直径为例如12μm以上的液滴颗粒将会撞击在风力发电机组的叶片上，然后流出机舱C外，除去大直径的液滴颗粒后，剩余含有少量水分和少量盐分的潮湿空气经由第一除湿系统2被驱动设备3引入机舱内，与由发电机M的出气口O排放的部分高温空气混合，经第二除湿系统4后，并与机舱C的发热部件和/或发电机M进行热交换。
可选地，驱动设备3为离心式风机，其包括驱动电机和风机叶片，风机叶片在驱动电机的驱动下转动。机舱C内的发热部件例如包括但不限于各种电气设备、变速箱等，根据风力发电机组的具体布局结构而定。
其中，外界冷却空气在驱动设备3的作用下，经第一除湿系统2后， 与由发电机M的出气口O排放的高温空气混合，混合空气进入第一空腔C1，经第二除湿系统4后进入第二空腔C2，并与第二空腔C2内的发热部件和/或发电机M进行热交换。可选地，调节由发电机M的出气口O排放的高温空气的流量，以使第一空腔C1内的混合空气具有预定的相对湿度。
该空气冷却系统采用外界空气直接冷却的方式，冷却温度低，提高了风力发电机组的冷却效果。由于不存在腐蚀泄漏的风险，可靠性也比液冷或者空液一体的冷却方式要高，同时节省了液冷管道、泵站、热交换器、稳压系统等复杂部件，结构紧凑、占用空间小，便于维护，制造成本较低。
本申请实施例提供的空气冷却系统，通过在风力发电机组的机舱C与发电机M的进气口In之间设置空气冷却系统，其包括设置于机舱C的壁部且与机舱C连通的第一除湿系统2和设置于机舱C内的第二除湿系统4，可以同时解决风力发电机组的除湿及冷却问题，且整体结构简单紧凑、占用空间小，便于维护
下面结合附图进一步详细描述本申请实施例提供的空气冷却系统的具体结构。
再次参阅图1，本申请实施例提供的空气冷却系统还包括：第一管道1和第二管道5。
第一管道1具有位于机舱C内的第一端11和位于机舱C外的第二端12，驱动设备3对应于第一管道1的第一端11设置，第一除湿系统2对应于第一管道1的第二端12设置于机舱C的壁部。
第二管道5的一端连接发电机M的出气口O，另一端经与第一管道1交汇后延伸至机舱C外与外界冷却空气连通，以将发电机M的出气口O排放的部分高温空气与进入第一管道1的冷却空气进行混合。
优选地，驱动设备3设置在第一管道1与第二管道5交汇处的下游区域，外界冷却空气与发电机M的高温排气(温度可达90摄氏度以上)混合，提高了外界冷空气的温度而降低了外界冷却空气的湿度。研究证明，在一定相对湿度条件下，例如74％的相对湿度的条件下，盐可以以液体盐的形式存在于空气内，因此，控制混合气体的相对湿度低于74％，优选低于60％，混合空气内含有的液体盐就能够被干燥固化并自动析出。
将驱动设备3设置于第一管道1与第二管道5交汇处的下游区域，可以更好地驱动第一管道1和第二管道5内的气体充分混合，并实现控制混合空气的相对湿度，固化除盐；也可避免外界空气中的盐侵蚀驱动设备3，从而进入机舱C和发电机M。因此，将混合后的空气与机舱C的发热部件和/或发电机M进行热交换。既可以充分利用发电机M排出的高温废热气，降低能耗，又能对外界冷却空气进行除湿除盐，还可以直接对风力发电机组的机舱C内的发热部件和/或发电机M进行冷却。
进一步地，为了充分利用发电机M排出的高温废热气、降低能耗，空气冷却系统还包括第一调节阀6，第一调节阀6设置于第一管道1与第二管道5的交汇处，以调节由第二管道5进入第一管道1的高温空气的流量。
该第一调节阀6优选为三通阀，分别与第一管道1、第二管道5和外界空气连通。发电机M的出气口O排放至第二管道5的一部分高温空气经第一调节阀6进入第一管道1，剩余的大部分高温空气经过第二管道5排出机舱C外。进入第一管道1的高温空气与含有高盐高湿的空气混合后，温度升高，成为不稳定的饱和盐溶液颗粒与空气的混合物，通过第一调节阀6控制混合气体的相对湿度低于74％，优选地，低于60％，该混合物在驱动设备3的转动作用下以结晶形式析出盐晶体，盐晶体落入机舱C的储存盒(图中未示出)内，这样提高了对外界冷却空气的除盐和除湿效果。
可选地，第二管道5上设置有第一循环风扇52，以提高第二管道5内的高温空气与第一管道1内的潮湿空气的混合效率，进一步提高外界空气的除湿效果。
通过第一除湿系统2进行初步除湿和除盐后的混合气体在驱动设备3的作用下经第一管道1进入机舱C内，再通过第二除湿系统4继续进行除湿，可以提高外界空气的总体除湿效果，降低第二除湿系统4的结构复杂性，减小机舱C的占用空间。
具体来说，第二除湿系统4包括隔离支架41、除湿装置42和第三管道7。隔离支架41与机舱C的壁部连接，且沿第一空腔C1内的空气流动方向渐缩设置。除湿装置42设置于隔离支架41上且位于空气流动的下游端。第三管道7的一端与第二管道5连通，另一端与除湿装置42连接，以将高 温空气引流至除湿装置42。
外界空气被驱动设备3引流至机舱C的过程中，经第一除湿系统2初级除湿且与第二管道5内的高温空气混合后的冷却空气与隔离支架41的内壁不断发生碰撞产生阻力，压力逐渐降低，流速逐渐升高，从而以高速被推入至除湿装置42。隔离支架41可以呈抛物面或锥形面结构，为制造方便，一般选用锥形面结构。
参阅图2，除湿装置42包括具有容纳腔的转轮421和设置于容纳腔内的吸湿颗粒422，第三管道7穿过转轮421，以将容纳腔分为除湿区域A1和吸湿区域A2，第三管道7的高温空气加热除湿区域A1的吸湿颗粒422，以将除湿区域A1的潮湿空气处理为干燥空气。
另外，除湿装置42还包括驱动电机423和传动带424，驱动电机423设置于机舱C内，传动带424设置于驱动电机423的输出轴与转轮421之间，以带动转轮421相对于隔离支架41可转动。
如图2所示，转轮421的容纳腔分为除湿区域A1和吸湿区域A2，其中，除湿区域A1约占1/4，吸湿区域A2约占3/4，机舱C内的湿空气经过吸湿区域A2，空气中的湿气被吸湿颗粒422吸收变成干燥空气。转轮421通过驱动电机423带动传动带424转动，第三管道7的高温空气加热除湿区域A1内的吸湿颗粒422，带走吸湿颗粒422上附着的湿气。此时除湿区域A1内的吸湿颗粒422变成干燥的有吸附能力的颗粒，转轮421在驱动电机423和传动带424的带动下一直保持转动，从而一直对吸湿颗粒422上附着的湿气进行除湿。将除湿区域A1的潮湿空气处理为干燥空气的过程中，潮湿空气的少量盐分以结晶形式析出盐晶体，经由发电机M的进气口In处的过滤件F过滤除去，进一步提高了对外界冷却空气的除盐和除湿效果。
经第二除湿系统4除湿后的冷却空气可以直接冷却机舱C内的发热部件，经过发电机M的进气口In处的过滤件F进入发电机M内部，过滤件F用于除掉混合空气中残留的灰尘、盐等杂质，然后吸收定子绕组、定子铁芯、磁钢等发热部件的热量后，再经出气口O进入第二管道5，其中一部分高温空气进入第一管道1继续下一次的空气冷却循环，另一部分高温 空气排出至机舱C外。
可选地，第二除湿系统4还包括第二调节阀43，第二调节阀43设置于第三管道7与第二管道5的交汇处，以调节由第二管道5进入第三管道7的高温空气的流量，进而使经过第二除湿系统4进行第二级除湿后的空气具有预定温度和预定相对湿度。
参阅图3，为了提高对发电机M的冷却效果，空气冷却系统的子系统S还包括设置于机舱C内且与外界连通的多个子管道51，多个子管道51布置于位于第二除湿系统4下游的部分，并与第二管道5连通，以将发电机M产生的高温空气通过多个子管道51排放至机舱C外。
由于发电机M在生产制造工艺上可能存在偏差，影响空气冷却系统上的冷却空气在发电机M内的分配，为了保持发电机M的温度在周向上的均匀性，多个子管道51在机舱C内沿周向均匀分布。
请一并参阅图4和图5，本申请实施例还提供了一种空气冷却系统，其与图1所示的空气冷却系统结构类似，不同之处在于，发电机M还设置有辅助出气口A，空气冷却系统还包括第四管道8，第四管道8的一端连接辅助出气口A，另一端与外界连通。
进一步地，第四管道8上设置有第二循环风扇81，以提高第四管道8的排气效率。
该辅助出气口A的作用是将发电机M的出气口排出的高温空气分为两条支路，一个支路的一部分高温空气通过第二管道5与第一管道1内的湿冷空气混合，另一部分排出机舱C外，另外一个支路通过第四管道8排出机舱C外。相对于图1所示的空气冷却系统来说，可以减小第二管道5的排气阻力，降低第二驱动设备52的功率，同时降低空气冷却系统的复杂性。
可选地，如图5所示，发电机M的辅助出气口A对应于机舱C内设置；子系统S还包括设置于机舱C内且与外界连通的多个子管道51，多个子管道51与第四管道8连通，以将发电机M产生的高温空气通过多个子管道51排放至机舱C外。
由于发电机M在生产制造工艺上可能存在偏差，影响空气冷却系统上的冷却空气在发电机M内的分配，为了保持发电机M的温度在周向上的 均匀性，多个子管道51在机舱C内沿周向均匀分布。
参阅图6，本申请实施例还提供了一种空气冷却系统，其与图4所示的空气冷却系统结构类似，不同之处在于，发电机M的辅助出气口A设置于机舱C外，并且省去了多个子管道51，以减小机舱C的占用空间，布局更加紧凑、简单，同时降低了制造成本。
参阅图7，本申请实施例还提供了一种空气冷却系统，其与图1、图4、图6所示的空气冷却系统结构类似，不同之处在于，该空气冷却系统包括：相互独立运行的两个以上子系统S，每个子系统S的结构可以相同，这样省却了复杂的设置，简化了整个空气冷却系统。
具体地，单个子系统S至少包括：第一管道1、第一除湿系统2、驱动设备3和第二管道5，两个以上子系统S的第一管道1和驱动设备3位于第一空腔C1内。
可选地，两个以上子系统S同时启动，外界冷却空气通过两个以上子系统S的第一除湿系统2初级除湿后与发电机M排出的部分高温空气混合，混合后的空气一并汇合至机舱C的第一空腔C1内，经第二除湿系统4二级除湿后，流经第二空腔C2内的发热设备和/或发电机M后排出，以实现对风力发电机组进行冷却、除湿和除盐中的至少一者。当其中一个子系统S发生故障后，不会影响另一个子系统S的运行，提高了空气冷却系统的容错性。
另外，当机舱C外的环境温度低于预定温度时，例如在冬季的寒冷地区运行时，由于外界冷却空气处于潮湿、低温环境中，机舱C的第一除湿系统2通常会结冰，堵塞进入机舱C的通道，还需要进行除冰工作。
可选地，两个以上子系统S的驱动设备3分别交替运行预定时间，以实现对第一除湿系统2进行除冰。
除冰的工作原理如下所述：当第一个子系统S的驱动设备3运行时，机舱C内的压力增大，由于没有开启其余子系统S的驱动设备3，压力大的空气会通过其余子系统S的未启动的驱动设备3和第一管道1向外扩散，由于机舱C内的空气温度高于外界环境温度，故可以对其余子系统S的第一管道1和第一除湿系统2进行除冰。
然后关闭第一个子系统S的驱动设备3，并启动第二个子系统S的驱动设备3。同样地，当第二个子系统S的驱动设备3运行时，机舱C内的压力增大，压力大的空气会通过其余子系统S的未启动的驱动设备3和第一管道1向外扩散，由于机舱C内的空气温度高于外界环境温度，故运行预定时间后，可以对其余子系统S的第一管道1和第一除湿系统2进行除冰。
以此类推，将两个以上子系统S的每个子系统的第一管道1和第一除湿系统2进行除冰。当除冰工作完成后，两个以上子系统S的第一管道1与外界空气均可连通。
由此，本申请实施例提供的空气冷却系统还包括温度传感器和与温度传感器电连接的控制器(图中未示出)。
可选地，温度传感器设置于机舱C的壁部，用于监测机舱C外的环境温度。当温度传感器监测的外界环境温度低于预定温度时，控制器控制两个以上子系统S的驱动设备3分别交替运行预定时间，以对每个子系统S的第一除湿系统2进行除冰。该预定温度例如为0℃，预定时间例如为10分钟～30分钟。
可选地，两个以上子系统S的第二管道5一体设置，从而可以减少第二管道5和第一循环风扇52的数量，降低制造成本，减少机舱的占用空间，布局紧凑。此时，单个第二管道5内的发电机M的高温气体分别与两个以上子系统S的第一管道1交汇混合，对两个以上子系统S由第一管道1进入机舱C的外界冷空气除湿除盐后，再次混合，二次除湿后进入机舱C和发电机M，对机舱C的发热部件和/或发电机M进行冷却。
由于发电机M在生产制造工艺上可能存在偏差，影响空气冷却系统上的冷却空气在发电机M内的分配，为了保持发电机M的温度在周向上的均匀性，以空气冷却系统包括各自独立运行的两个子系统S为例，两个子系统S的多个子管道51在机舱C内沿周向交替分布。例如，第一个子系统S包括设置于机舱C内且与外界连通的3个子管道51，第二个子系统S包括设置于机舱C内且与外界连通的3个子管道51，两个子系统S的6个子管道51在机舱C内沿周向交替分布，保持了发电机M散热的均匀稳定性， 提高了发电机M的运行可靠性。
可选地，本申请实施例提供的发电机M还设置有辅助出气口A，发电机M的辅助出气口A设置于机舱C内，每个子系统S的多个子管道51与第四管道8连通，以将发电机M产生的高温空气通过多个子管道51排放至机舱C外。
可选地，本申请实施例提供的发电机M还设置有辅助出气口A，辅助出气口A设置于机舱C外，此时的第二循环风机81也处于机舱C外，省去了多个子管道51，减小了机舱C的占用空间，布局更加紧凑、简单，同时降低了制造成本。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例提供的空气冷却系统的每个子系统S的结构也可以不同，例如，其中一个子系统S包括第一管道1、第一除湿系统2、驱动设备3、第二除湿系统4和第二管道5，另一个子系统S包括第一管道1、第一除湿系统2、驱动设备3、第二管道5和过滤装置或者其它装置，以实现不同的功能。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种风力发电机组，其包括：发电机M、与发电机M连接的机舱C，以及如前所述的任一种空气冷却系统，该空气冷却系统设置于机舱C与发电机M的进气口In之间。
如前所述，该风力发电机组在机舱C与发电机M的进气口In之间设置如前所述的任一种空气冷却系统，其包括设置于机舱C的壁部且与机舱C连通的第一除湿系统2和设置于机舱C内的第二除湿系统4，可以同时解决风力发电机组的除湿及冷却问题，且整体结构简单紧凑、占用空间小，便于维护
参阅图8，本申请实施例还提供了一种如前所述的风力发电机组的冷却方法，该冷却方法包括：
步骤S1：外界冷却空气在驱动设备3的作用下经第一除湿系统2后，与由发电机M的出气口O排放的高温空气混合。
步骤S2：混合空气进入机舱C的第一空腔C1后经第二除湿系统4进 入机舱C的第二空腔C2，并与第二空腔C2内的发热部件和/或发电机M进行热交换。
本申请实施例提供的风力发电机组的冷却方法，通过对外界冷却空气进行两级除湿后再与机舱C内的发热部件和/或发电机M进行热交换，同时解决了风力发电机组的除湿及冷却问题。
进一步地，该冷却方法还包括：
步骤S3：监测机舱C外的环境温度是否低于预定温度，该预定温度例如为0℃。空气冷却系统包括各自独立运行的N个子系统S，N≥2，每个子系统S至少包括：第一除湿系统2和驱动设备3。
步骤S4：如果是，则启动N个子系统S中第i个子系统S的驱动设备3，运行预定时间，实现对N个子系统S中其余子系统S的第一除湿系统2进行除冰，其中，1≤i<N；
步骤S5：关闭第i个子系统S的驱动设备3，启动第i+1个子系统S的驱动设备3，运行预定时间，实现对N个子系统S中其余子系统S的第一除湿系统2进行除冰。
步骤S6：如果否，则启动N个子系统S中的至少一个子系统S的驱动设备3并运行。
可选地，两个以上子系统S同时启动，外界冷却空气通过两个以上子系统S的第一除湿系统2初级除湿后与发电机M排出的部分高温空气混合，混合后的空气一并汇合至机舱C的第一空腔C1内，经第二除湿系统4二级除湿后，流经第二空腔C2内的发热设备和/或发电机M后排出，极大地提高了风力发电机组的冷却效果。当其中一个子系统S发生故障后，不会影响另一个子系统S的运行，提高了空气冷却系统的容错性。
可以理解的是，如果机舱C外的环境温度高于预定温度，则不需要对第一除湿系统2进行除冰，直接对风力发电机组进行除湿及冷却即可。
本领域技术人员应能理解，上述实施例均是示例性而非限制性的。在不同实施例中出现的不同技术特征可以进行组合，以取得有益效果。本领域技术人员在研究附图、说明书及权利要求书的基础上，应能理解并实现 所揭示的实施例的其他变化的实施例。在权利要求书中，术语“包括”并不排除其他装置或步骤；物品没有使用数量词修饰时旨在包括一个/种或多个/种物品，并可以与“一个/种或多个/种物品”互换使用”；术语“第一”、“第二”用于标示名称而非用于表示任何特定的顺序。权利要求中的任何附图标记均不应被理解为对保护范围的限制。权利要求中出现的多个部分的功能可以由一个单独的硬件或软件模块来实现。某些技术特征出现在不同的从属权利要求中并不意味着不能将这些技术特征进行组合以取得有益效果。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种空气冷却系统，应用于风力发电机组，其中，所述空气冷却系统包括：
    第一除湿系统，设置于所述风力发电机组的机舱的壁部，且与所述机舱连通；
    第二除湿系统，设置于所述机舱内，并将所述机舱的内部空间分隔为第一空腔和第二空腔，所述第二空腔与所述风力发电机组的发电机的出气口连通设置；
    驱动设备，位于所述第一空腔内；
    其中，外界冷却空气在所述驱动设备的作用下，经所述第一除湿系统后与由所述发电机的出气口排放的高温空气混合，混合空气进入所述第一空腔，经所述第二除湿系统后进入所述第二空腔，并与所述第二空腔内的发热部件和/或所述发电机进行热交换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空气冷却系统，其中，调节由所述发电机的出气口排放的高温空气的流量，以使所述第一空腔内的混合空气具有预定的相对湿度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述空气冷却系统包括各自独立运行的两个以上子系统，每个所述子系统的结构相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述空气冷却系统还包括：
    第一管道，具有位于所述机舱内的第一端和位于所述机舱外的第二端，所述驱动设备对应于所述第一管道的所述第一端设置，所述第一除湿系统对应于所述第一管道的所述第二端设置于所述机舱的壁部；
    第二管道，其一端连接所述发电机的所述出气口，另一端经与所述第一管道交汇后延伸至所述机舱外与外界冷却空气连通，以将所述发电机的所述出气口排放的部分高温空气与进入所述第一管道的冷却空气进行混合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述空气冷却系统包括各自独立运行的两个以上子系统，每个所述子系统至少包括：所述第一管道、所述第一除湿系统、所述驱动设备和所述第二管道，两个以上所述子系统的所述第一管道和所述驱动设备位于所述第一空腔内。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述空气冷却系统还包括第一调节阀，所述第一调节阀设置于所述第一管道与所述第二管道的交汇处，以调节由所述第二管道进入所述第一管道的高温空气的流量。
  7. 根据权利要求4或5所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述第二除湿系统包括：
    隔离支架，与所述机舱的壁部连接，且沿所述第一空腔内的空气流动方向渐缩设置；
    除湿装置，设置于所述隔离支架上且位于空气流动的下游端；
    第三管道，其一端与所述第二管道连通，另一端与所述除湿装置连接，以将高温空气引流至所述除湿装置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述除湿装置包括具有容纳腔的转轮和设置于所述容纳腔内的吸湿颗粒，所述第三管道穿过所述转轮，以将所述容纳腔分为除湿区域和吸湿区域，所述第三管道的高温空气加热所述除湿区域的所述吸湿颗粒，以将所述除湿区域的潮湿空气处理为干燥空气。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述除湿装置还包括驱动电机和传动带，所述驱动电机设置于所述机舱内，所述传动带设置于所述驱动电机的输出轴与所述转轮之间，以带动所述转轮相对于所述隔离支架可转动。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述第二除湿系统还包括第二调节阀，所述第二调节阀设置于所述第三管道与所述第二管道的连接处，以调节由所述第二管道进入所述第三管道的高温空气的流量。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述空气冷却系统还包括设置于所述机舱内且与外界连通的多个子管道，多个所述子管道与所述第二管道连通，以将所述发电机产生的高温空气通过多个所述子管道排放至所述机舱外。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述空气冷却系统还包括第四管道，所述发电机还设置有辅助出气口，所述辅助出气口设置于所述机舱内或者所述机舱外，所述第四管道的一端连接所述辅助出气口，另一端与外界连通。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述发电机的所述辅助出气口对应于所述机舱内设置；
    所述空气冷却系统还包括设置于所述机舱内且与外界连通的多个子管道，多个所述子管道与所述第四管道连通，以将所述发电机产生的高温空气通过多个所述子管道排放至所述机舱外。
  14. 根据权利要求4所述的空气冷却系统，其中，两个以上所述子系统的所述第二管道分体设置或者一体设置。
  15. 根据权利要求4或5所述的空气冷却系统，其中，所述空气冷却系统还包括温度传感器和与所述温度传感器电连接的控制器，当所述温度传感器监测的外界环境温度低于预定温度时，所述控制器控制两个以上所述子系统的所述驱动设备分别运行预定时间，以对每个所述子系统的所述第一除湿系统进行除冰。
  16. 一种风力发电机组，包括：
    发电机；
    机舱，与所述发电机连接；以及
    如权利要求1至15任一项所述的空气冷却系统，所述空气冷却系统设置于所述机舱与发电机的进气口之间。
  17. 一种如权利要求16所述的风力发电机组的冷却方法，其中，所述 冷却方法包括：
    外界冷却空气在驱动设备的作用下经第一除湿系统后，与由发电机的出气口排放的高温空气混合；
    混合空气进入机舱的第一空腔后经第二除湿系统进入所述机舱的第二空腔，并与所述第二空腔内的发热部件和/或所述发电机进行热交换。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的冷却方法，其中，所述冷却方法还包括：
    监测机舱外的环境温度是否低于预定温度，所述风力发电机组的空气冷却系统包括各自独立运行的N个子系统，N≥2，每个所述子系统至少包括所述第一除湿系统和所述驱动设备；
    如果是，则启动N个子系统中第i个子系统的所述驱动设备，运行预定时间，实现对N个子系统中其余子系统的所述第一除湿系统进行除冰，其中，1≤i<N；
    关闭第i个子系统的驱动设备，启动第i+1个子系统的驱动设备，运行预定时间，实现对N个子系统中其余子系统的所述第一除湿系统进行除冰；
    如果否，则启动N个子系统中的至少一个子系统的所述驱动设备并运行。
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