WO2021085809A1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 음극, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 음극, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021085809A1 WO2021085809A1 PCT/KR2020/010093 KR2020010093W WO2021085809A1 WO 2021085809 A1 WO2021085809 A1 WO 2021085809A1 KR 2020010093 W KR2020010093 W KR 2020010093W WO 2021085809 A1 WO2021085809 A1 WO 2021085809A1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
- H01M4/0423—Physical vapour deposition
- H01M4/0426—Sputtering
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
- H01M4/0452—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation from solutions
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
- H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present embodiments relate to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, a method of manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery using the same.
- a thin-film lithium metal negative electrode having a thickness of 10 to 20 ⁇ m is required. If the thickness of the lithium metal negative electrode is too thin, the lifespan rapidly decreases due to irreversible reactions and side reactions at the initial stage of charging and discharging, and if it is too thick, not only the energy density of the battery decreases, but also the amount of lithium metal used increases, making it less economical. Because.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a current collector and a negative active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and including a lithium metal layer, and the negative active material layer including the lithium metal layer, wherein the A coating layer disposed on the current collector and including a metal seed, and a lithium metal layer disposed on the coating layer may be included.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a current collector and a negative active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and including a lithium metal layer, and the negative active material layer including the lithium metal layer includes: It may be a lithium metal layer including a metal seed.
- a method of manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes forming a coating layer on at least one surface of a current collector using a coating composition including a metal seed, and after placing the current collector on which the coating layer is formed in a plating solution. Positioning a lithium supply source with a predetermined distance from the coating layer, and applying a current between the current collector and the lithium supply source to form a lithium metal layer, wherein the metal seed is magnesium, silver, zinc, It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of platinum, tin, silicon, aluminum, sodium, potassium, gold, bismuth, indium, and germanium.
- the negative electrode active material layer is formed by performing the electrodeposition process under the condition of high current from the beginning, it is possible to prevent excessive lithium particles from being nucleated.
- a lithium metal layer may be formed, and as a result, a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may be prepared in which a negative electrode active material layer having a uniform surface is formed.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery prepared as described above includes a negative electrode active material layer including a metal seed, the charge/discharge characteristics of a lithium secondary battery to which the negative electrode is applied may be remarkably improved.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method of manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery according to another embodiment.
- Example 3 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of a current collector on which a coating layer is formed in a process of manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to Example 1.
- FIG. 4A and 4B show the results of component analysis of a current collector having a coating layer formed in the process of manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to Example 1.
- FIG. 4A and 4B show the results of component analysis of a current collector having a coating layer formed in the process of manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to Example 1.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of evaluating charge and discharge characteristics for lithium secondary batteries manufactured according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a rechargeable lithium battery according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a method of manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment and a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery manufactured according to the method.
- a negative electrode 100 for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a current collector 11 and a negative active material layer 12 positioned on at least one surface of the current collector 11.
- the current collector 11 is for electrical connection in the lithium secondary battery.
- the current collector 11 may have a form of a thin film, but is not limited thereto.
- a mesh, a foam, a rod, a wire, and a wire It may have the form of a sheet of weaving (wire, fiber).
- the material of the current collector 11 a material having electrical conductivity and limited reaction with lithium may be used.
- the material of the current collector 11 is, for example, copper, nickel, titanium, stainless steel, gold, platinum, silver, tantalum, ruthenium, and alloys thereof, carbon, a conductive polymer, a conductive layer on a non-conductive polymer. Any one or a combination of these coated composite fibers may be used.
- the thickness of the current collector 11 may be in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the negative active material layer 12 is disposed on the current collector 11 and includes a coating layer 21 including a metal seed and a lithium metal layer 31 disposed on the coating layer 21.
- the negative active material layer 12 with a structure including the coating layer 21 including a metal seed as in this embodiment, even if the electrodeposition process is performed by applying a high current, an excessive amount of fine lithium particles is generated or electrodeposited. It is possible to prevent the film, which is the surface protective layer of the lithium metal layer already generated in the process, from being destroyed.
- the negative active material layer of this embodiment includes a coating layer including a metal seed, when forming a lithium metal layer on the coating layer by applying a high current in the electrodeposition process, the initially generated lithium particles are induced to grow well. Thus, particles having a coarse structure can be formed, and at the same time, the lithium metal layer, and consequently, the negative electrode active material layer can have a uniform surface.
- the performance of the lithium secondary battery to which the negative electrode according to the present embodiment is applied specifically, charging and discharging characteristics can be remarkably improved.
- the productivity of the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery can be remarkably improved.
- the metal seed may be, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of magnesium, silver, zinc, platinum, tin, silicon, aluminum, sodium, potassium, gold, bismuth, indium, and germanium, but is not limited thereto.
- the coating layer includes a metal seed.
- the coating layer includes a metal seed, since it includes a metal seed having high electron conductivity, electrons are smoothly supplied from the current collector and lithium ions are reduced, so that the electrodeposition of the lithium metal layer is easily performed.
- the particles included in the coating layer are in the form of a metal oxide
- the electron conductivity is low compared to the case where the metal seed is included as in this embodiment, so that the supply of electrons from the current collector is not smoothly, and thus the metal oxide is included in the electrodeposition process.
- the coating layer can act as a resistive layer. In this case, there is a problem that electrodeposition of the lithium metal layer is not easily performed.
- the free energy for nucleation can be lowered at the initial stage of nucleation of the lithium particles in the electrodeposition process, thus creating a coarse particle structure even under high current and overvoltage conditions. It is possible to form a lithium metal layer.
- the thickness of the coating layer may be in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more specifically 100 nm to 500 nm.
- the thickness of the coating layer satisfies the above range, uniform electrodeposition of coarse lithium particles, which is an effect obtained because the above-described metal seed is included, is possible.
- the thickness of the coating layer including the metal seed is too thin, there is a disadvantage in that the localized coating thickness is liable to be uneven as the coating area is enlarged, and as a result, the size of the resulting lithium particles is non-uniform.
- the thickness of the coating layer can be variably adjusted according to the design of the lithium secondary battery structure.
- the thickness of the negative active material layer 12 may range from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more specifically, from 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the negative active material layer 12 is too thick, when the negative electrode of the present embodiment is applied to a lithium secondary battery, the weight and weight of the battery are increased, thereby reducing the energy density.
- the thickness of the anode active material layer 12 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the negative active material layer 12 is 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the negative active material layer of the present embodiment may further include a film positioned on the surface of the negative active material layer.
- the film is formed by a reaction between the lithium metal of the electrodeposited lithium source and the plating solution in the manufacturing process of the negative electrode active material layer 12, and the thickness, composition, and characteristics of the film are controlled by adjusting the composition of the plating solution used and the conditions of the electrodeposition process. Etc. can be controlled.
- the thickness of the film may be, for example, 2 nm to 2 ⁇ m, more specifically 10 nm to 500 nm.
- the thickness of the film positioned on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer 12 is too thick, lithium ion conductivity is lowered and interface resistance is increased, so that charging/discharging characteristics may be deteriorated when a battery is applied. In addition, if the thickness of the film is too thin, the film may be easily lost in the process of applying the lithium metal negative electrode according to the embodiment to a battery.
- the film is formed uniformly and densely over the entire surface of the negative electrode active material layer 12 with a thin thickness within a range that satisfies the thickness range.
- the film may include at least one material selected from the group consisting of Li-N-C-H-O-based ionic compounds, Li-P-C-H-O-based ionic compounds, and LiF.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery according to another embodiment.
- a negative electrode 100 for a lithium secondary battery includes a current collector 11 and a negative electrode disposed on at least one surface of the current collector 11 and including a lithium metal layer 31. It includes an active material layer 12.
- the negative active material layer 12 including the lithium metal layer 31 is a lithium metal layer 31 including a metal seed 22 therein.
- the metal seed 22 may be, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of magnesium, silver, zinc, platinum, tin, silicon, aluminum, sodium, potassium, gold, bismuth, indium, and germanium, but limited thereto. It does not become.
- the negative active material layer 12 is in the form of a lithium metal layer 31 including a metal seed 22.
- the free energy for nucleation can be lowered at the initial stage of nucleation of the lithium particles in the electrodeposition process, even under high current and overvoltage conditions.
- a lithium metal layer having a coarse particle structure can be formed.
- the thickness of the negative active material layer may range from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more specifically, from 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the negative active material layer 12 satisfies the above thickness range, not only can the energy density of the battery be maximized while improving the charge/discharge life of the battery, but also the time and cost of the electrodeposition process when forming the negative active material layer. There is an advantage that can be minimized.
- the metal seed included in the lithium metal layer may be alloyed with lithium inside the lithium metal layer.
- the negative electrode active material layer that is, the lithium metal layer
- the alloy is reversibly changed to the form of a metal seed during the discharging process, so that lithium ions are easily alloyed when recharged. Can be.
- the role of the seed can be repeated during the charging and discharging process, as a result, there is an advantage of improving the battery life by preventing the formation of dendritic phases of lithium.
- the negative active material layer of the present embodiment may further include a film positioned on the surface of the negative active material layer.
- Such a film is the same as described in the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the above-described exemplary embodiment, and will be omitted herein.
- a method of manufacturing a lithium secondary battery includes forming a coating layer on at least one surface of a current collector using a coating composition including a metal seed, placing the current collector on which the coating layer is formed in a plating solution, and then the coating layer. And positioning a lithium source at a predetermined distance from each other, and applying a current between the current collector and the lithium source to form a lithium metal layer.
- a step of forming a coating layer on at least one surface of a current collector by using a coating composition including a metal seed is performed.
- the metal seed may be, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of magnesium, silver, zinc, platinum, tin, silicon, aluminum, sodium, potassium, gold, bismuth, indium, and germanium, but are limited thereto. no.
- the coating layer may be performed using at least one of sputtering, electrolytic and electroless plating, electron beam, and thermal vapor deposition.
- the thickness of the coating layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector may be in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more specifically 100 nm to 500 nm.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may be manufactured to have a structure of the negative electrode 100 for a lithium secondary battery as shown in FIG. 1.
- the forming of the lithium metal layer is performed so that the lithium metal layer is positioned on the coating layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector, thereby forming a negative active material layer having a plurality of layers. Can be performed to form.
- the thickness of the coating layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector may range from 10 nm to 100 nm.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may be manufactured to have a structure of the negative electrode 100 for a lithium secondary battery as shown in FIG. 2.
- the metal seed included in the coating layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector is alloyed with lithium inside the lithium metal layer and diffused therein. As a result, it may be performed to form a single negative active material layer.
- the step of forming the lithium metal layer will be described in more detail.
- the current collector 11 on which the coating layer 20 is formed is placed in the plating solution 40 and then the lithium supply source 30 is placed at a predetermined distance from the coating layer 20.
- the lithium supply source 30 may be, for example, a lithium metal, a lithium alloy, a foil obtained by compressing the lithium metal or a lithium alloy onto a current collector, a plating solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved, or the like.
- the current collector 11 is the same as described above, and will be omitted here.
- the plating solution 40 may be prepared by dissolving a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the lithium salt is LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiCO 3 , LiNO 3 , LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiBOB, or their It can be a combination.
- the concentration of the lithium salt may be 0.1 to 3.0M based on the total electrolyte solution.
- the plating solution is characterized in that it contains a nitrogen-based compound as at least one of the lithium salt and the non-aqueous solvent.
- the nitrogen-based compounds are, for example, lithium nitrate, lithium bis fluorosulfonyl imide, lithium bis trifluoromethane sulfonimide, and caprolactam.
- e-Caprolactam methyl caprolactam (N-methyl-e-caprolactam), triethylamine (Triethylamine), and may contain one or more selected from the group consisting of tributylamin (Tributylamin).
- At least one of lithium nitrate, lithium bis fluorosulfonyl imide, and lithium bis trifluoromethane sulfonimide is a lithium salt. Can be used.
- caprolactam e-Caprolactam
- methyl caprolactam N-methyl-e-caprolactam
- Triethylamine triethylamine
- tributylamin Tributylamin
- a general non-aqueous solvent may be added as a solvent in consideration of the viscosity of the plating solution. This is because if the viscosity of the plating solution is too high, mobility of lithium ions decreases and the ionic conductivity of the plating solution decreases, so that the time required for the electrodeposition process increases and productivity decreases.
- the solvent is, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, 1 ,2-Dimethoxyethane, Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-diox Solan (1,3-Dioxolane), 1,4-dioxane (1,4-Dioxane) and 1,3,5-trioxane (1,3,5-Trioxane) containing at least one selected from the group consisting of can do.
- the current density of the current applied in the step of forming a lithium metal layer on at least one surface of the current collector by applying the current is in the range of 0.1 mA/cm 2 to 100 mA/cm 2 , more specifically 0.2 mA/cm 2 to 50 mA/ cm 2 range, 5 mA/cm 2 to 30 mA/cm 2 range, or 7 mA/cm 2 to 25 mA/cm 2 range.
- the time for applying the current may be in the range of 0.05 to 50 hours, more specifically in the range of 0.25 to 25 hours.
- an anode active material layer including a lithium metal layer having a coarse particle structure is formed by preventing excessive generation of fine lithium particles even under high current conditions and inducing the initially generated lithium particles to grow well. Can be manufactured.
- the negative electrode active material layer prepared as described above has excellent surface uniformity. Therefore, when the negative electrode manufactured according to the present embodiment is applied, the charging/discharging characteristics of the lithium secondary battery can be remarkably improved.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the structure of a rechargeable lithium battery according to an embodiment.
- the rechargeable lithium battery 200 of this embodiment includes a positive electrode 70, a negative electrode 100, and a separator 90 disposed between the positive electrode 70 and the negative electrode 100. May include an assembly.
- Such an electrode assembly is wound or folded to be accommodated in the battery container 95.
- the electrolyte 80 is injected into the battery container 95 and sealed to complete the lithium secondary battery 200.
- the battery container 95 may have a shape such as a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a pouch type, and a coin type.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a negative electrode according to an exemplary embodiment as the negative electrode 100 for convenience, but all negative electrodes for a lithium secondary battery according to the above-described embodiments may be applied as the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode 70 may include a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer is made of, for example, at least one metal of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, La, and Ce, and O, F, S, P, and combinations thereof. It may include a Li compound containing at least one non-metal element selected from the group.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include active material particles having a size of approximately 0.01 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and may be appropriately selected according to the required characteristics of the battery.
- a conductive material may be added to the positive active material layer.
- the conductive material may be, for example, carbon black and ultrafine graphite particles, fine carbon such as acetylene black, or nano metal particle paste, but is not limited thereto.
- the positive electrode current collector serves to support the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode current collector for example, a thin aluminum plate, a thin nickel plate, or a combination thereof may be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution or a solid electrolyte may be used as the electrolyte 80 filled in the lithium secondary battery 200.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may include, for example, a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate, and a solvent such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or butylene carbonate.
- a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate
- a solvent such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or butylene carbonate.
- a gel polymer electrolyte obtained by impregnating a polymer electrolyte such as polyethylene oxide and polyacrylonitrile with an electrolyte solution, or an inorganic solid electrolyte such as LiI or Li 3 N may be used.
- the separator 90 separates a positive electrode and a negative electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move, and any one commonly used in a lithium secondary battery may be used. That is, those having low resistance to ion movement of the electrolyte and excellent in the ability to impregnate the electrolyte may be used.
- the separator may be selected from, for example, glass fiber, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, or a combination thereof, and may be in the form of a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric. Meanwhile, when a solid electrolyte is used as the electrolyte 80, the solid electrolyte may also serve as the separator 90.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to Example 1 was manufactured by the same process as in FIG. 1.
- a coating layer 20 containing magnesium was formed to a thickness of about 250 nm on one surface of the copper current collector 11 having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m by using a sputtering method.
- the lithium supply source 30 is placed at a predetermined distance from the coating layer.
- LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
- Lithium nitrate lithium nitrate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a lithium metal plate having a purity of 99.9% or higher and having a thickness of 500 ⁇ m was pressed onto a copper current collector plate (Cu plate).
- the lithium supply source 30 and the current collector 11 After stacking the lithium supply source 30 and the current collector 11 in an electrically insulated state in the plating solution 40, the lithium supply source 30 and the current collector 11 are respectively connected to (+) and The lithium metal layer 31 positioned on the coating layer 21 was formed by applying a current using the negative electrode.
- the average current density of the process was 8 mA/cm 2 and the process time was about 0.6 hours to prepare a negative electrode 100 having a negative active material layer 12 having a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m.
- a negative electrode having a negative active material layer formed thereon was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a copper current collector having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was used without a separate coating instead of a current collector having a coating layer including magnesium.
- Example 1 the cross-sectional structure and components of the current collector on which the coating layer was formed were measured, and the results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of a cross-section of a current collector with a coating layer formed thereon
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show component analysis results of a current collector with a coating layer formed thereon.
- Component analysis was performed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy by processing a cross section with a focused ion beam.
- the magnesium coating layer is uniformly formed on the surface of the current collector.
- a negative electrode active material layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, but the electrodeposition process time was shortened to 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes to measure the surface microstructure of the negative electrode active material layer formed in the initial stage of the electrodeposition process. .
- the microstructure was measured by a scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscopy) method by processing a cross section with a focused ion beam, and the results are shown in FIG. 5.
- the anode active material layer is manufactured to include a metal seed that is easily alloyed with lithium when performing the electrodeposition process for forming the anode active material layer as in this embodiment, an excessive amount of nuclei is applied even in a high-speed electrodeposition process in which a high current is applied from the beginning. By preventing generation, it is possible to prevent an increase in the specific surface area of the negative active material.
- the positive electrode was prepared such that a positive electrode active material layer was laminated on one surface of a current collector (Al foil) using a positive electrode active material slurry including a LiCoO 2 (99% by weight) active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the capacity per unit area of the positive electrode was prepared at 3.1 mAh/cm 2, which is the level of the positive electrode capacity of a currently commercially available lithium secondary battery (using a graphite negative electrode).
- Celgard's model 2400 product which is made of polypropylene, was used as the separator, and a 2032 type coin cell product of Hohsen was used for the battery container.
- 0.2C was charged with a constant current to 4.25V, and then charged with a positive potential from 4.25V to 0.05C, and in the discharging step, 0.5C was discharged with a constant current up to 3.0V.
- a lithium secondary battery to which a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery prepared according to Example 1 is applied has a remarkable charge/discharge life compared to a lithium secondary battery to which the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery prepared according to Comparative Example 1 is applied. Excellent can be confirmed.
- the surface area of the negative electrode in contact with the electrolyte is reduced by applying the negative electrode formed with the negative electrode active material layer including the metal seed as in this embodiment, thereby reducing side reactions between the negative electrode surface and the electrolyte during the charging and discharging process, and the negative electrode formed in the electrodeposition process. It is believed that this is because the coating on the surface of the active material layer serves as a protective layer.
- the negative active material layer can be formed at high speed without deteriorating the performance of the negative active material layer. Accordingly, it is possible to secure commercialization and manufacturing competitiveness in manufacturing a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer including a lithium metal layer formed thereon.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 집전체; 및상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 위치하며, 리튬 금속층을 포함하는 음극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 리튬 금속층을 포함하는 음극 활물질층은,상기 집전체 상에 위치하며 금속 시드를 포함하는 코팅층, 그리고상기 코팅층 상에 위치하는 리튬 금속층을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 시드는, 마그네슘, 은, 아연, 백금, 주석, 실리콘, 알루미늄, 나트륨, 칼륨, 금, 비스무스, 인듐 및 게르마늄으로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택된 1종 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코팅층의 두께는 0.01㎛ 내지 10㎛인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층의 두께는 1㎛ 내지 100㎛인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층은,상기 음극 활물질층의 표면에 위치하는 피막을 더 포함하고,상기 피막은, Li-N-C-H-O계 이온성 화합물, Li-P-C-H-O계 이온성 화합물 및 LiF로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 집전체; 및상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 위치하며, 리튬 금속층을 포함하는 음극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 리튬 금속층을 포함하는 음극 활물질층은,내부에 금속 시드를 포함하는 리튬 금속층인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 금속 시드는, 마그네슘, 은, 아연, 백금, 주석, 실리콘, 알루미늄, 나트륨, 칼륨, 금, 비스무스, 인듐 및 게르마늄으로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택된 1종 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층의 두께는 1㎛ 내지 100㎛인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 리튬 금속층 내부에 포함되는 금속 시드는,상기 리튬 금속층 내부의 리튬과 합금화된 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층은,상기 음극 활물질층의 표면에 위치하는 피막을 더 포함하고,상기 피막은, Li-N-C-H-O계 이온성 화합물, Li-P-C-H-O계 이온성 화합물 및 LiF로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 금속 시드를 포함하는 코팅 조성물을 이용하여 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계;도금액 내에 상기 코팅층이 형성된 집전체를 위치시킨 후 상기 코팅층과 소정의 간격을 두고 리튬 공급원을 위치시키는 단계; 그리고상기 집전체 및 상기 리튬 공급원 사이에 전류를 인가하여, 리튬 금속층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 금속 시드는, 마그네슘, 은, 아연, 백금, 주석, 실리콘, 알루미늄, 나트륨, 칼륨, 금, 비스무스, 인듐 및 게르마늄으로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택된 1종 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서,상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 형성된 코팅층의 두께는 100nm 내지 10㎛ 범위인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 리튬 금속층을 형성하는 단계는,상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 형성된 코팅층 상에 상기 리튬 금속층이 위치하도록 수행됨으로써 복수의 층을 갖는 음극 활물질층을 형성하도록 수행되는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서,상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 형성된 코팅층의 두께는 10nm 내지 100nm 범위인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 리튬 금속층을 형성하는 단계는,상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 형성된 코팅층에 포함되는 금속 시드가 상기 리튬 금속층 내부의 리튬과 합금화되어 내부로 확산됨으로써 단일의 음극 활물질층을 형성하도록 수행되는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 전류를 인가하여, 상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 리튬 금속층을 형성하는 단계에서 가하는 전류의 전류 밀도는 0.1mA/cm2 내지 100mA/cm2 범위인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 전류를 인가하여, 상기 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 리튬 금속층을 형성하는 단계에서 상기 전류를 인가하는 시간은 0.05시간 내지 50시간 범위인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,금속 시드를 포함하는 코팅 조성물을 이용하여 집전체의 적어도 일 면에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계는,스퍼터링, 전해 및 무전해 도금, 전자 빔 및 열 기상 증착 중 적어도 하나의 방법을 이용하여 수행되는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 음극;양극; 및전해질을 포함하고,상기 음극은, 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항의 리튬 이차 전지용 음극인 리튬 이차 전지.
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| US17/771,932 US20220376236A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-07-30 | Negative electrode for lithium secondary battery, manufacturing thereof, and lithium secondary battery using same |
| JP2022523340A JP7416928B2 (ja) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-07-30 | リチウム二次電池用負極、その製造方法およびこれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
| EP20880677.8A EP4053938A4 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-07-30 | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY THEREFROM |
| CN202080074965.9A CN114631206B (zh) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-07-30 | 锂二次电池负极、其制造方法及利用该负极的锂二次电池 |
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| KR20230082757A (ko) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-09 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 리튬 금속 전극, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| WO2024080417A1 (ko) * | 2022-10-14 | 2024-04-18 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 이차 전지용 리튬 금속 전극, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR102821507B1 (ko) * | 2022-11-30 | 2025-06-17 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 리튬금속 박막 및 리튬금속 박막 제조방법 |
| WO2024191261A1 (ko) * | 2023-03-14 | 2024-09-19 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 금속 전지용 음극 |
| KR20250093037A (ko) * | 2023-12-15 | 2025-06-24 | 포스코홀딩스 주식회사 | 리튬 이차전지용 리튬 금속 전극 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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| EP4053938A4 (en) | 2023-10-11 |
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