WO2021103362A1 - 铝合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

铝合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021103362A1
WO2021103362A1 PCT/CN2020/081455 CN2020081455W WO2021103362A1 WO 2021103362 A1 WO2021103362 A1 WO 2021103362A1 CN 2020081455 W CN2020081455 W CN 2020081455W WO 2021103362 A1 WO2021103362 A1 WO 2021103362A1
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aluminum alloy
refining
content
present disclosure
mass percentage
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French (fr)
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郭强
王梦得
安维
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to EP20894656.6A priority Critical patent/EP4067521B1/en
Priority to US17/780,493 priority patent/US20230002864A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of die-cast aluminum alloys, and specifically relates to aluminum alloys and preparation methods thereof.
  • Die casting is a precision casting method that uses high pressure to force the molten metal into a metal mold with a complicated shape. Die-casting parts cast by die-casting have very small dimensional tolerances and high surface accuracy. In most cases, the die-casting parts can be assembled and applied without turning.
  • the die-casting of aluminum alloy has high requirements on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and fluidity of the melt.
  • the existing die-casting aluminum alloy materials have high requirements on the forming process when die-casting.
  • the control conditions are highly dependent on precision, and are greatly affected by the small fluctuations of process parameters, and it is difficult to take into account the strength requirements and elongation requirements of die-casting.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy contains 8 to 11% Si, 2 to 3% Cu, 0.7 to 1.1% Mg, and 0.7 to 1.5% Mn in terms of mass percentage. 0.01 to 0.015% of Sr, 0.01 to 0.015% of Cr, 0 to 0.4% of Fe, 0.02 to 0.1% of Ti, 0.01 to 0.02% of Ga, 0.004 to 0.02% of B, 0 to 2% of Zn, and The balance of Al and other elements, the total amount of which is less than 0.1%.
  • the aluminum alloy in terms of mass percentage, contains: 9 to 10.8% of Si, 2.5 to 2.8% of Cu, 0.7 to 1.1% of Mg, 0.9 to 1.3% of Mn, and 0.01 to 0.015% of Sr , 0.01 ⁇ 0.015% Cr, 0 ⁇ 0.4% Fe, 0.03 ⁇ 0.1% Ti, 0.01 ⁇ 0.015% Ga, 0.004 ⁇ 0.01% B, 0 ⁇ 2% Zn, and the balance Al and others Elements, the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1%.
  • the mass ratio of Ti to B is (5-10):1.
  • the mass percentage content of Ga is greater than the mass percentage content of Sr.
  • the other element includes one or more of Zr, Ni, Ce, Sc, and Er.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the aluminum alloy as described above.
  • the method includes the following steps: weighing a required ratio of raw materials according to the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy, and adding the raw materials to a melting furnace for smelting; The molten metal obtained by smelting is subjected to slag removal and refining and degassing treatments and then cast to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the deslagging operation includes adding a deslagging agent to the molten metal, and the deslagging agent includes aluminum alloy deslagging agent NF-1 and DSG aluminum alloy deslagging and degassing agent.
  • the deslagging agent includes aluminum alloy deslagging agent NF-1 and DSG aluminum alloy deslagging and degassing agent.
  • the refining temperature is 700 to 710°C
  • the refining and degassing includes adding a refining agent to the molten metal, and the refining agent includes hexafluoroethane, One or more of aluminum refining agent ZS-AJ01C.
  • the method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure further includes die-casting the aluminum alloy ingot.
  • artificial aging treatment is performed on the aluminum alloy formed by die casting.
  • the treatment temperature of the artificial aging treatment is 100 ⁇ 200° C.
  • the treatment time is 1.5 ⁇ 3 h.
  • the aluminum alloy by adjusting the ratio control of each strengthening element in the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy has a higher yield strength and thermal conductivity, and a better elongation is ensured without sacrificing strength.
  • the aluminum alloy obtained by smelting and die-casting according to the formula provided in the present disclosure has a yield strength of about 240-260 MPa, a tensile strength of about 380-410 MPa, an elongation of 3 to 6%, and a thermal conductivity of about 130-142 W/(k ⁇ m).
  • the aluminum alloy material has low process requirements, and has good process adaptability when applied to the die-casting process.
  • Figure 1 is a metallographic photograph of the aluminum alloy prepared in Example 1 of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is the SEM-diffraction pattern at the cross mark in Fig. 2.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy contains 8 to 11% Si, 2 to 3% Cu, 0.7 to 1.1% Mg, and 0.7 to 1.5% Mn in terms of mass percentage. 0.01 to 0.015% of Sr, 0.01 to 0.015% of Cr, 0 to 0.4% of Fe, 0.02 to 0.1% of Ti, 0.01 to 0.02% of Ga, 0.004 to 0.02% of B, 0 to 2% of Zn, and The balance of Al and other elements, the total amount of which is less than 0.1%.
  • the aluminum alloy by adjusting the ratio control of each strengthening element in the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy has a higher yield strength and thermal conductivity, and a better elongation is ensured without sacrificing strength.
  • the aluminum alloy obtained by smelting and die-casting according to the formula provided in the present disclosure has a yield strength of about 240-260MPa (specifically 240MPa, 242MPa, 245MPa, 248MPa, 250MPa, 251MPa, 253MPa, 255MPa, 258MPa, 260MPa, etc.), and a tensile strength of about 380- 410MPa (specifically 380MPa, 385MPa, 390MPa, 395MPa, 400MPa, 405MPa, 410MPa, etc.), elongation is about 3 to 6% (specifically, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%) Etc.), the thermal conductivity is about 130-142W/(
  • the aluminum alloy in terms of mass percentage, contains: 9 to 10.8% of Si, 2.5 to 2.8% of Cu, 0.7 to 1.1% of Mg, 0.9 to 1.3% of Mn, and 0.01 to 0.015% of Sr, 0.01 to 0.015% Cr, 0 to 0.4% Fe, 0.03 to 0.1% Ti, 0.01 to 0.015% Ga, 0.004 to 0.01% B, 0 to 2% Zn, and the balance of Al and Other elements, the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1%.
  • the aluminum alloy is composed of the following components in mass percentages: 9-10.8% Si, 2.5-2.8% Cu, 0.7-1.1% Mg, 0.9-1.3% Mn, 0.01- 0.015% Sr, 0.01 ⁇ 0.015% Cr, 0 ⁇ 0.4% Fe, 0.03 ⁇ 0.1% Ti, 0.01 ⁇ 0.015% Ga, 0.004 ⁇ 0.01% B, 0 ⁇ 2% Zn, and the balance Al.
  • the content of Si is 9%, 9.8%, 10%, 10.5% or 10.8%
  • the content of Cu is 2.5%, 2.6% or 2.8%
  • the content of Mg is 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1% or 1.1%
  • Mn content is 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2% or 1.3%
  • Sr content is 0.01%, 0.013%, 0.015% or 0.02%
  • Cr content is 0.01% , 0.013% or 0.015%
  • Fe content is 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% or 0.4%
  • Ti content is 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05% or 0.06%
  • Ga content is 0.01%, 0.013% Or 0.015%
  • the content of B is 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, or 0.008%
  • the content of Zn is 0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.3%, 1.7% or 2%.
  • Si and Al form eutectic silicon and primary Si, and form dispersed primary Si and fine ⁇ -Al crystal grains under the action of the Sr element to improve the strength and fluidity of the aluminum alloy.
  • Cu forms a solid solution phase of solid solution in Al
  • Al 2 Cu also be precipitated strengthening phase
  • Al 2 Cu phase may be dispersed to strengthen the grain boundaries.
  • the yield strength also increases, and the elongation gradually decreases.
  • the Mg content reaches 0.7% or more, the Al 2 Cu-based dispersion strengthening phase begins to appear.
  • the grain size is below 10 ⁇ m, and with the increase of the Mg element content, the range of this phase in the aluminum alloy gradually increases.
  • the Mg content exceeds 1.1%, the grains of this type of strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy will increase sharply. Larger, the elongation decreases greatly.
  • Mn and Cr are solid-dissolved into the aluminum alloy matrix to suppress the growth of primary Si and ⁇ -Al grains, so that the primary Si is dispersed and distributed between the grains.
  • Ti and B are dispersed and distributed between the grains, so that primary silicon (or called primary silicon) can be uniformly distributed into ⁇ -Al, and at the same time, ⁇ is greatly suppressed.
  • primary silicon or called primary silicon
  • ⁇ is greatly suppressed.
  • the growth of Al the grain size of ⁇ -Al is reduced by one third compared to when Ti and B are not added to the aluminum alloy).
  • the aluminum alloy of some embodiments of the present disclosure when the content of Zn is too high, it is easy to solid dissolve into the aluminum alloy, thereby affecting the solid solution of Cu, Mn and Mg elements, which will affect the precipitation of the second phase, which will affect the aluminum alloy.
  • the thermal conductivity changes greatly.
  • the aluminum alloy of some embodiments of the present disclosure when the content of Fe is too high, the aluminum alloy will become brittle and affect the ductility of the aluminum alloy.
  • the mass ratio of Ti to B is (5-10):1, specifically such as 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1 Wait.
  • Ti-B in this ratio range ensures the high strength and higher thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
  • the reason is that the Ti element is evenly distributed around the eutectic silicon within this content range.
  • the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the addition of the B element in the ratio range ensures high strength and good thermal conductivity.
  • the mass percentage content of Ga is greater than the mass percentage content of Sr.
  • Si, Cu, and Mn within this ratio range, through the inducement of Ti-B, a new spherical Si 7 Mn 6 Cu phase is formed, which is uniformly distributed at the grain boundary, which greatly strengthens the strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy.
  • the other element includes one or more of Zr, Ni, Ce, Sc, and Er.
  • Zr, Ni, Ce, Sc, and Er are harmful elements, which should be avoided by reducing impurities as much as possible in the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy does not include the other elements mentioned above.
  • Ni is used as an impurity element because its solid solution in the ⁇ solid solution in the alloy will have a greater impact on Cu, Mn and Mg, resulting in serious segregation of such elements, which will make the aluminum alloy brittle.
  • the elements of Zr, Ce, Er, and Sc make the aluminum alloy produce an insoluble second phase, which makes the aluminum alloy composition unevenly distributed and causes the aluminum alloy to become brittle.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the aluminum alloy as described above.
  • the method includes the following steps: weighing a required ratio of raw materials according to the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy, and adding the raw materials to a melting furnace for smelting;
  • the molten metal obtained by smelting is subjected to slag removal and refining and degassing treatments and then cast to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the raw materials include aluminum-containing materials, silicon-containing materials, magnesium-containing materials, iron-containing materials, strontium-containing materials, titanium-containing materials, boron-containing materials, copper-containing materials, manganese-containing materials, gallium-containing materials, chromium-containing materials, and Zinc-containing material.
  • the raw materials are selected from alloys or simple substances containing the above-mentioned elements.
  • the deslagging operation includes adding a deslagging agent to the molten metal, and the deslagging agent includes one of aluminum alloy deslagging agent NF-1, DSG aluminum alloy deslagging and degassing agent, or Many kinds.
  • the refining temperature is 700 to 710°C (specifically, 700°C, 701°C, 702°C, 703°C, 704°C, 705°C, 706°C, 707°C, 708°C , 709°C, 710°C, etc.)
  • the refining and degassing includes adding a refining agent to the molten metal and stirring to achieve refining and degassing
  • the refining agent includes one of hexafluoroethane and aluminum refining agent ZS-AJ01C Or multiple.
  • the method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure further includes die-casting the aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the temperature of the casting operation is 680°C to 720°C (specifically, 680°C, 690°C, 700°C, 710°C, 720°C, etc.).
  • the die-cast aluminum alloy is subjected to artificial aging treatment, and the treatment temperature is 100-200°C (specifically, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C , 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, etc.), and the treatment time is 1.5-3h (specifically, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, etc.).
  • the aluminum alloy After artificial aging, the aluminum alloy produces precipitation hardening, and its effect can be observed by testing its mechanical properties.
  • the aluminum alloy is between 100°C and 200°C, the precipitation of the Al 2 Cu phase is accelerated, the grain boundary strength is strengthened, and the strength and hardness of the alloy are improved.
  • This embodiment is used to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present disclosure, including the following operation steps:
  • the aluminum alloy components are calculated by mass content: Si content is 9.5%, Cu content is 2.7%, Mg content is 1%, Mn content is 1.2%, and Sr content is 0.013%.
  • the content of Cr is 0.012%, the content of Fe is 0%, the content of Ti is 0.04%, the content of Ga is 0.014%, the content of B is 0.005%, the content of Zn is 0%, the balance is Al and the inevitable Impurities, the unavoidable impurity content is less than 0.1%.
  • the mass content of the above aluminum alloy components calculate the required quality of various master alloys or simple metals, and then add various master alloys or simple metals to the smelting furnace for smelting.
  • a slag remover is added to the molten metal to perform a slag removal operation, and then a refining agent is added to the molten metal to perform a refining and degassing operation, the refining temperature is 700-710°C, and an aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by casting. Then, the aluminum alloy ingot is naturally aged for 7 days to obtain the aluminum alloy.
  • Examples 2-34 are used to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present disclosure, including most of the operation steps in Example 1. The difference lies in:
  • Example 2-34 Using the aluminum alloy composition shown in Example 2-34 in Table 1, calculate the required quality of various master alloys or simple metals according to the mass content of the above aluminum alloy components, and then add various master alloys or simple metals into the melting furnace For smelting, adding a slag remover to the molten metal for slag removing operation, and then adding a refining agent to the molten metal for refining and degassing operation, the refining temperature is 700-710°C, and the aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by casting. Then, the aluminum alloy ingot is naturally aged for 7 days to obtain the aluminum alloy.
  • This comparative example is used to compare and illustrate the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present disclosure, and includes the following operation steps:
  • the aluminum alloy components are calculated by mass content: Si content is 7.8%, Cu content is 2.7%, Mg content is 1%, Mn content is 1.2%, and Sr content is 0.013%.
  • the content of Cr is 0.012%, the content of Fe is 0%, the content of Ti is 0.04%, the content of Ga is 0.014%, the content of B is 0.005%, the content of Zn is 0%, the balance is Al and the inevitable Impurities, the unavoidable impurity content is less than 0.1%.
  • calculate the required quality of various master alloys or simple metals calculate the required quality of various master alloys or simple metals, and then add various master alloys or simple metals to the smelting furnace for smelting.
  • a slag remover is added to the molten metal to perform a slag removal operation, and then a refining agent is added to the molten metal to perform a refining and degassing operation, the refining temperature is 700-710°C, and an aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by casting. Then, the aluminum alloy ingot is naturally aged for 7 days to obtain the aluminum alloy.
  • Comparative Examples 2-13 are used to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present disclosure, including most of the operation steps in Example 1. The difference lies in:
  • the spherical Si 7 Mn 6 Cu phase is formed at this place in Fig. 2 and is evenly distributed at the grain boundary, which is beneficial to improve the strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy.
  • Tensile strength test adopt GBT228.1-2010 Metallic Material
  • Tensile Test Part 1 Room temperature test method to test the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation.
  • Thermal conductivity test make a ⁇ 12.7 ⁇ 3mm ingot thermal conductivity wafer, spray graphite coating uniformly on both sides of the sample to be tested; put the processed sample into a laser thermal conductivity meter for testing. According to "ASTME1461 Standard Method for Measuring Thermal Diffusion Coefficient by Flash Method", conduct laser thermal conductivity test.

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Abstract

提供了铝合金及其制备方法，按照质量百分比计，该铝合金含有：8～11％的Si，2～3％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.7～1.5％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.02～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.02％的Ga，0.004～0.02％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al及其它元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。

Description

铝合金及其制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2019年11月26日提交的申请号为201911174477.0的中国专利申请的优先权权益，并将其全部引入本文。
技术领域
本公开属于压铸铝合金技术领域，具体涉及铝合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
压铸是利用高压强制将金属熔液压入形状复杂的金属模内的精密铸造法。经由压铸而铸成的压铸件之尺寸公差甚小，表面精度较高，在大多数的情况下，压铸件不需再车削加工即可装配应用。
铝合金的压铸对铝合金的材料力学性能，如屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、熔体的流动性等具有较高的要求，现有的压铸铝合金材料在进行压铸时，对成型工艺的控制条件精度依赖性较高，受工艺参数的微小波动影响较大，难以兼顾压铸的强度要求和延伸率要求。
公开内容
针对现有压铸铝合金材料存在难以兼顾压铸所需的工艺性要求的问题，本公开提供了一种铝合金及其制备方法。
本公开解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一方面，本公开提供了一种铝合金，按照质量百分比计，该铝合金含有：8～11％的Si，2～3％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.7～1.5％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.02～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.02％的Ga，0.004～0.02％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al及其它元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
一些实施例中，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金含有：9～10.8％的Si，2.5～2.8％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.9～1.3％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.03～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.015％的Ga，0.004～0.01％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al及其它元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Ti与B的质量比例为(5～10):1。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Ga的质量百分比含量大于Sr的质量百分比含量。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Si与Cu的质量含量满足以下条件：Wt(Si)＝(Wt(Cu)-0.2)×(3～5)。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Mn与Cu的质量含量满足以下条件：Wt(Cu)＝(Wt(Mn)-0.3)×(2.5～4)。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，所述其他元素包括Zr、Ni、Ce、Sc、Er中的一种或多种。
另一方面，本公开提供了如上所述的铝合金的制备方法，该方法包括以下操作步骤：按照铝合金中各元素配比称取所需比例的原料，在熔炼炉中加入原料进行熔炼，将所述熔炼得到的熔融的金属经过除渣和精炼除气处理后进行浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。
根据本公开一些实施例的方法，所述除渣操作包括往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂，所述除渣剂包括铝合金除渣剂NF-1、DSG铝合金除渣除气剂中的一种或多种；
根据本公开一些实施例的方法，所述精炼除气操作中，精炼温度为700～710℃，所述精炼除气包括往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂，所述精炼剂包括六氟乙烷、铝精炼剂ZS-AJ01C中的一种或多种。
根据本公开一些实施例的方法，还包括将所述铝合金铸锭压铸成型。
根据本公开一些实施例的方法，对压铸成型的铝合金进行人工时效处理。
根据本公开一些实施例的方法，所述人工时效处理的处理温度为100～200℃，处理时间为1.5～3h。
根据本公开提供的铝合金，通过调整铝合金中各强化元素的配比控制，使得铝合金拥有较高的屈服强度和导热性能，且在不牺牲强度的前提下保证有较好的延伸率。按本公开提供的配方熔炼压铸得到的铝合金，屈服强度约240～260MPa，抗拉强度约380～410MPa，延伸率3～6％，导热率约130-142W/(k·m)。且该铝合金材料对工艺要求较低，应用于压铸工艺中具有良好的工艺适应性。
附图说明
图1是本公开实施例1中制备得到的铝合金的金相照片；
图2是本公开实施例1中制备得到的铝合金的SEM照片；
图3是图2中十字标记处的SEM-衍射图谱。
具体实施方式
为了使本公开所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本公开进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
一方面，本公开提供了一种铝合金，按照质量百分比计，该铝合金含有：8～11％的Si，2～3％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.7～1.5％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.02～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.02％的Ga，0.004～0.02％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al及其它元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
根据本公开提供的铝合金，通过调整铝合金中各强化元素的配比控制，使得铝合金拥有较高的屈服强度和导热性能，且在不牺牲强度的前提下保证有较好的延伸率。按本公开提供的配方熔炼压铸得到的铝合金，屈服强度约240～260MPa(具体如240MPa、242MPa、245MPa、248MPa、250MPa、251MPa、253MPa、255MPa、258MPa、260MPa等)，抗拉强度约380～410MPa(具体如380MPa、385MPa、390MPa、395MPa、400MPa、405MPa、410MPa等)，延伸率约3～6％(具体如3％、3.5％、4％、4.5％、5％、5.5％、6％等)，导热率约130-142W/(k·m)(具体如130W/(k·m)、132W/(k·m)、135W/(k·m)、138W/(k·m)、140W/(k·m)、142W/(k·m)等)。且该铝合金材料对工艺要求较低，应用于压铸工艺中具有良好的工艺适应性。
在一些实施例中，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金含有：9～10.8％的Si，2.5～2.8％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.9～1.3％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.03～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.015％的Ga，0.004～0.01％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al及其它元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
在另一些实施例中，所述铝合金由如下质量百分比的组分组成：9～10.8％的Si，2.5～2.8％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.9～1.3％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.03～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.015％的Ga，0.004～0.01％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al。
在一些具体的实施例中，Si的含量为9％、9.8％、10％、10.5％或10.8％，Cu的含量为2.5％、2.6％或2.8％，Mg的含量为0.7％、0.8％、0.9％、1％或1.1％，Mn的含量为0.9％、1％、1.1％、1.2％或1.3％，Sr的含量为0.01％、0.013％、0.015％或0.02％，Cr的含量为0.01％、0.013％或0.015％，Fe的含量为0、0.1％、0.2％、0.3％或0.4％，Ti的含量为0.03％、0.04％、0.05％或0.06％，Ga的含量为0.01％、0.013％或0.015％，B的含量为0.004％、0.005％、0.006％、0.007％或0.008％，Zn的含量为0、0.3％、0.6％、0.9％、1.3％、1.7％或2％。
本公开所涉及的材料中，Si与Al形成共晶硅和初生Si，在Sr元素的作用下形成弥散的初生Si和细小的α-Al晶粒，提升铝合金的强度和流动性。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Cu固溶在Al中形成固溶相，同时也可以析出的Al 2Cu强化相，Al 2Cu强化相可以弥散分布到晶界上。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，随着Mg含量的增加，屈服强度也随之增加，延伸率逐步减少，同时在Mg含量达到0.7％以上时开始出现以Al 2Cu为主的弥散强化相(粒径在10μm以下)，并随着Mg元素含量的提升，铝合金中该相出现的范围逐步增大，在Mg含量超过1.1％时，铝合金中的该类强化相晶粒会急剧增大，延伸率下降较大。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Mn和Cr固溶到铝合金基体中，抑制初生Si和α-Al的晶粒长大，使得初生Si弥散分布到各晶粒之间。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Ti和B弥散分布到晶粒之间，使得初生硅(或称为初晶硅)能够均匀的分布到α-Al中，同时也极大的抑制了α-Al的长大(α-Al的粒径相对于铝合金中不添加Ti和B时缩小了三分之一)。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Zn的含量过高时，易固溶到铝合金中，从而影响了Cu，Mn和Mg元素的固溶，会影响的析出的第二相，对铝合金的导热性能变化较大。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Fe的含量过高时，会导致铝合金变脆，影响到铝合金的延展性能。
需要说明的是，铝合金的力学性能、导热性和延伸率是上述元素综合作用的结果，任一元素偏移本公开提供的范围均偏离了本公开的公开意图，导致铝合金在力学性能、导热性或延伸率上的降低，从而不利于铝合金作为压铸材料的使用。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Ti与B的质量比为(5～10):1，具体如5:1、6:1、7:1、8:1、9:1、10:1等。发明人通过进一步试验发现，Ti-B在该比例范围内，保证了铝合金的高强度和较高的导热效果，原因是由于Ti元素在该含量范围内，均匀分布到共晶硅的周边，提升了铝合金的强度，同时该比例范围内B元素的添加在保证高强度的同时也保证了良好的导热效果。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Ga的质量百分比含量大于Sr的质量百分比含量。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Si与Cu的质量百分比含量满足以下条件：Wt(Si)＝(Wt(Cu)-0.2)×(3～5)。该比例范围内，α-Al在生成的共晶硅和Al 2Cu相互作用下，形成晶粒的直径较小，限制其晶粒长大。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，Mn与Cu的质量百分比含量满足以下条件：Wt(Cu)＝(Wt(Mn)-0.3)×(2.5～4)。Si、Cu和Mn在该比例范围内，通过Ti-B的引诱，形成了新型的球状Si 7Mn 6Cu相，均匀分布在晶界处，极大强化了铝合金的强度和延伸率。
在上述配比条件下，铝合金中形成强度较高的α固溶体，此时在Ti、Ga和B的作用下， 形成细小强化相均匀分布在共晶硅和α固溶体之间，在保证铝合金延伸率的时候，极大的提升了铝合金的屈服强度，效果最佳。
根据本公开一些实施例的铝合金，所述其他元素包括Zr、Ni、Ce、Sc、Er中的一种或多种。Zr、Ni、Ce、Sc、Er为有害元素，在所述铝合金中需尽量通过减少杂质的方式避免，一些具体实施中，所述铝合金不包括上述其他元素。
具体的，Ni作为杂质元素，是因为其固溶到合金中的α固溶体中，会对Cu，Mn和Mg产生较大的影响，导致该类元素偏析严重，从而使铝合金变脆。Zr、Ce、Er、Sc元素使铝合金产生不可固溶的第二相，使得铝合金成分分布不均匀，导致铝合金变脆。
另一方面，本公开提供了如上所述的铝合金的制备方法，该方法包括以下操作步骤：按照铝合金中各元素配比称取所需比例的原料，在熔炼炉中加入原料进行熔炼，将所述熔炼得到的熔融的金属经过除渣和精炼除气处理后进行浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。其中，所述原料包括含铝料、含硅料、含镁料、含铁料、含锶料、含钛料、含硼料、含铜料、含锰料、含镓料、含铬料和含锌料。所述原料选自含上述元素的合金或单质。
在一些实施例中，所述除渣操作包括往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂，所述除渣剂包括铝合金除渣剂NF-1、DSG铝合金除渣除气剂中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，所述精炼除气操作中，精炼温度为700～710℃(具体如700℃、701℃、702℃、703℃、704℃、705℃、706℃、707℃、708℃、709℃、710℃等)，所述精炼除气包括往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂并搅拌实现精炼除气，所述精炼剂包括六氟乙烷、铝精炼剂ZS-AJ01C中的一种或多种。
根据本公开一些实施例的方法，还包括将所述铝合金铸锭压铸成型。
在一些实施例中，所述浇铸操作的温度为680℃～720℃(具体如680℃、690℃、700℃、710℃、720℃等)。
在一些实施例中，对压铸成型的铝合金进行人工时效处理，处理温度为100～200℃(具体如100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃、150℃、160℃、170℃、180℃、190℃、200℃等)，处理时间为1.5～3h(具体如1.5h、2h、2.5h、3h等)。
经过人工时效，使得铝合金产生了沉淀硬化，可通过测试其力学性能观察其效果。当铝合金处于100～200℃之间时，加快了Al 2Cu相的析出，强化了晶界强度，从而提升了合金的强度和硬度。
以下通过实施例对本公开进行进一步的说明。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020081455-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020081455-appb-000002
注：表1中各配比均以重量百分比计，另外，不可避免的杂质元素总重量小于0.1％。
实施例1
本实施例用于说明本公开公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括以下操作步骤：
按表1所示，铝合金成分以质量含量计为：Si的含量为9.5％，Cu的含量为2.7％，Mg的含量为1％，Mn的含量为1.2％，Sr的含量为0.013％，Cr的含量为0.012％，Fe的含量为0％，Ti的含量为0.04％，Ga的含量为0.014％，B的含量为0.005％，Zn的含量为0％， 余量为Al和不可避免的杂质，不可避免的杂质含量低于0.1％，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼，往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，精炼温度为700～710℃，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。然后将铝合金铸锭经过7d自然时效后得到铝合金。
实施例2-34
实施例2-34用于说明本公开公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤，其不同之处在于：
采用表1中实施例2-34所示的铝合金成分，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼，往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，精炼温度为700～710℃，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。然后将铝合金铸锭经过7d自然时效后得到铝合金。
对比例1
本对比例用于对比说明本公开公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括以下操作步骤：
按表1所示，铝合金成分以质量含量计为：Si的含量为7.8％，Cu的含量为2.7％，Mg的含量为1％，Mn的含量为1.2％，Sr的含量为0.013％，Cr的含量为0.012％，Fe的含量为0％，Ti的含量为0.04％，Ga的含量为0.014％，B的含量为0.005％，Zn的含量为0％，余量为Al和不可避免的杂质，不可避免的杂质含量低于0.1％，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼，往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，精炼温度为700～710℃，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。然后将铝合金铸锭经过7d自然时效后得到铝合金。
对比例2-13
对比例2-13用于说明本公开公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤，其不同之处在于：
采用表1中对比例2-13所示的铝合金成分，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼， 往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，精炼温度为700～710℃，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。然后将铝合金铸锭经过7d自然时效后得到铝合金。
性能测试
对上述实施例1制备得到的铝合金进行扫描电子显微镜成像，得到的SEM照片如图1和图2所示，对图2中作十字形标记处进行衍射，得到SEM衍射图谱如图3所示，分析得到图2中十字形标记处的成分如表2所示。
表2
Element Wt％ At％
CK 02.52 05.94
OK 01.42 02.52
MgK 00.81 00.95
AlK 71.05 74.60
SiK 07.69 07.76
MnK 12.40 06.39
CuK 04.11 01.83
Matrix Correction ZAF
可知，在图2该处形成了球状Si 7Mn 6Cu相，并均匀分布在晶界处，利于提高铝合金的强度和延伸率。
对上述实施例1-34和对比例1-13制备得到的铝合金进行如下性能测试：
拉伸强度测试：采用GBT228.1-2010金属材料拉伸试验第1部分：室温试验方法，测试屈服强敌、抗拉强度、延伸率。
热导率测试：制成φ12.7×3mm的铸锭导热圆片，在待测试样的两面均匀喷涂石墨涂层；将处理好的试样放入激光导热仪中进行测试。按照《ASTME1461闪光法测定热扩散系数的标准方法》，进行激光导热测试。
得到的测试结果填入表3。
表3
Figure PCTCN2020081455-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020081455-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020081455-appb-000005
对比实施例1-34和对比例1-13的测试结果可知，相对于本公开提供元素范围外的铝合金，本公开提供的铝合金具有较好的力学强度，能够满足压铸工艺的要求，同时兼顾较好的热传导性能、延伸率和压铸成型性。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种铝合金，其特征在于，按照质量百分比计，该铝合金含有：
    8～11％的Si，2～3％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.7～1.5％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.02～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.02％的Ga，0.004～0.02％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al及其它元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金，其特征在于，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金含有：
    9～10.8％的Si，2.5～2.8％的Cu，0.7～1.1％的Mg，0.9～1.3％的Mn，0.01～0.015％的Sr，0.01～0.015％的Cr，0～0.4％的Fe，0.03～0.1％的Ti，0.01～0.015％的Ga，0.004～0.01％的B，0～2％的Zn，及余量的Al及其它元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金中，Ti与B的质量比为(5～10):1。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金中，Ga的质量百分比含量大于Sr的质量百分比含量。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金中，Si与Cu的质量百分比含量满足以下条件：
    Wt(Si)＝(Wt(Cu)-0.2)×(3～5)。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金中，Mn与Cu的质量百分比含量满足以下条件：
    Wt(Cu)＝(Wt(Mn)-0.3)×(2.5～4)。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述其他元素包括Zr、Ni、Ce、Sc、Er中的一种或多种。
  8. 一种制备权利要求1～7中任一项所述的铝合金的方法，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤：
    按照铝合金中各元素配比称取所需比例的原料，在熔炼炉中加入所述原料进行熔炼，将所述熔炼得到的熔融的金属经过除渣和精炼除气处理后进行浇铸，得到铝合金铸锭。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述除渣包括往所述熔融的金属中加入所述除渣剂，所述除渣剂包括铝合金除渣剂NF-1和DSG铝合金除渣除气剂中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述精炼除气操作中，精炼温度为700～710℃，所述精炼除气包括往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂，所述精炼剂包括六氟乙烷和铝精炼剂ZS-AJ01C中的一种或多种。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    将所述铝合金铸锭压铸成型。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，对压铸成型的铝合金进行人工时效处理。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述人工时效处理的处理温度为100～200℃，处理时间为1.5～3h。
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