WO2021106594A1 - 蓄電装置 - Google Patents

蓄電装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021106594A1
WO2021106594A1 PCT/JP2020/042221 JP2020042221W WO2021106594A1 WO 2021106594 A1 WO2021106594 A1 WO 2021106594A1 JP 2020042221 W JP2020042221 W JP 2020042221W WO 2021106594 A1 WO2021106594 A1 WO 2021106594A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
tab group
negative electrode
electrode
electrode tab
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2020/042221
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
伊藤　大介
行洋 溝延
健介 渡邊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to EP20892239.3A priority Critical patent/EP4068494B1/en
Priority to JP2021561292A priority patent/JP7598877B2/ja
Priority to CN202080082043.2A priority patent/CN114747079B/zh
Priority to US17/779,389 priority patent/US12482904B2/en
Publication of WO2021106594A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021106594A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a power storage device, and more particularly to a power storage device including a functional component arranged close to a positive electrode terminal or a negative electrode terminal of a sealing plate.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a positive electrode current collector plate including a positive electrode terminal, a negative electrode current collector plate including a negative electrode terminal, a positive electrode tab group in which positive electrode tabs are aggregated, and a negative electrode tab group in which negative electrode tabs are aggregated.
  • a power storage device in which a positive electrode tab group is welded on the upper surface of the positive electrode current collector plate and a negative electrode tab group is welded on the upper surface of the negative electrode current collector plate is disclosed.
  • the length of the tabs constituting the tab group is changed according to the stacking position to suppress the variation in the electric resistance in the current collector. Further, in the power storage device of Patent Document 1, each current collector plate and each terminal are connected via an overcurrent protection circuit.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a power storage device including an electrode body composed of two electrode groups each having a positive electrode tab group and a negative electrode tab group. Patent Document 2 describes that the load acting on the tabs can be reduced by welding the tabs to the current collector plate in a state where the tabs are gathered toward the center in the stacking direction of the electrode groups.
  • a functional component provided with a current cutoff mechanism or the like for cutting the current path when an abnormality occurs is generally provided inside the device. For example, if a load such as vibration or shock is applied to such a functional component during manufacturing of a power storage device, it is assumed that the performance of the functional component deteriorates. On the other hand, if the manufacturing conditions are strictly regulated so that the functional parts are not overloaded, the productivity will be lowered.
  • the power storage device is provided with an electrode body in which positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternately laminated via a separator, a bottomed tubular outer can in which the electrode bodies are housed, and positive electrode terminals and negative electrode terminals.
  • the negative electrode includes a positive electrode tab that is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal, and the electrode body includes a positive electrode tab group in which a plurality of the positive electrode tabs are laminated and a plurality of the negative electrode tabs are laminated.
  • Each of the tab groups functions as a spring for connecting the electrode body and the sealing plate, and one of the positive electrode tab group and the negative electrode tab group is close to the functional component.
  • the spring constant of one tab group is larger than the spring constant of the other tab group.
  • the power storage device it is possible to prevent a large load from being applied to a functional component provided with a current cutoff mechanism or the like provided inside the device while ensuring good productivity. Therefore, for example, when manufacturing a power storage device, vibration or shock is less likely to act on the functional component, and performance deterioration or damage of the functional component due to the vibration or shock is prevented.
  • functional parts can be sufficiently protected from vibration and impact without adding special manufacturing conditions in the assembly process of the power storage device.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a power storage device which is an example of an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an electrode body and a sealing plate as an example of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an electrode body which is an example of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode body which is an example of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode body which is another example of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the secondary battery 10 which is an example of the embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the electrode body 11 and the sealing plate 15 constituting the secondary battery 10 (a state in which the outer can 14 is removed).
  • the secondary battery 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a square container including an outer can 14 and a sealing plate 15 as an outer body, but the outer body is not limited to this.
  • the power storage device according to the present disclosure is not limited to the secondary battery 10, and may be, for example, a primary battery or a capacitor.
  • the secondary battery 10 includes an electrode body 11, an electrolyte, a bottomed tubular outer can 14 containing the electrode body 11 and the electrolyte, a positive electrode terminal 12, and a negative electrode terminal. 13 is attached, and a sealing plate 15 for closing the opening of the outer can 14 is provided.
  • the electrode body 11 has a structure in which the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30 are alternately laminated via the separator 40 (see FIG. 3 described later for details).
  • the outer can 14 is a flat, substantially rectangular parallelepiped-shaped metal square container with one end open in the axial direction, and the secondary battery 10 is a so-called square battery.
  • the outer can 14 and the sealing plate 15 are made of, for example, a metal material containing aluminum as a main component.
  • the height direction of the outer can 14 is referred to as the "vertical direction" of the secondary battery 10
  • the sealing plate 15 side is referred to as “upper”
  • the bottom side of the outer can 14 is referred to as “lower”.
  • the direction along the longitudinal direction of the sealing plate 15 is defined as the "lateral direction" of the secondary battery 10.
  • the electrolyte may be an aqueous electrolyte, but is preferably a non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte may be a solid electrolyte, but in the present embodiment, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is used.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
  • the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these may be used.
  • the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen substituent in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
  • a halogen substituent such as fluorine.
  • the electrolyte salt for example, a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 is used.
  • the sealing plate 15 has an elongated rectangular shape, and a positive electrode terminal 12 is arranged on one end side in the longitudinal direction, and a negative electrode terminal 13 is arranged on the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the sealing plate 15.
  • the positive electrode terminal 12 and the negative electrode terminal 13 are external connection terminals that are electrically connected to another secondary battery 10 or a load, and are attached to the sealing plate 15 via an insulating member.
  • the positive electrode 20 includes a positive electrode tab 23 electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 12, and the negative electrode 30 includes a negative electrode tab 33 electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 13.
  • the positive electrode terminal 12 is electrically connected to the positive electrode tab group 24 in which a plurality of positive electrode tabs 23 are laminated via the positive electrode current collector plate 25, and the negative electrode terminal 13 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 13 via the negative electrode current collector plate 35.
  • the tabs 33 are electrically connected to the negative electrode tab group 34 formed by stacking the tabs 33.
  • the sealing plate 15 is provided with a current cutoff device 18 as a functional component for cutting the current path when an abnormality occurs in the battery.
  • the functional component is, for example, a component that functions as a safety device or a control device for the secondary battery 10.
  • the functional components are arranged close to the positive electrode terminal 12 or the negative electrode terminal 13 on the inner surface of the sealing plate 15.
  • the current cutoff device 18 is attached to the positive electrode terminal 12 and is arranged inside the positive electrode terminal 12.
  • the current cutoff device 18 is a pressure sensing type safety device that cuts off the current path when an abnormality occurs in the secondary battery 10 and the internal pressure of the outer can 14 rises beyond a predetermined pressure.
  • the current cutoff device 18 is arranged, for example, between the positive electrode terminal 12 and the positive electrode current collector plate 25, and is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 12 and the positive electrode current collector plate 25 during normal use.
  • the structure of the current cutoff device 18 is not particularly limited, but as an example, when the internal pressure rises, it reverses in the direction away from the positive electrode current collector plate 25 to disconnect the electrical connection between the positive electrode current collector plate 25 and the positive electrode terminal 12 and the positive electrode. Examples thereof include an apparatus including an inversion plate that cuts off the current path of the current collector plate 25.
  • the sealing plate 15 is provided with a liquid injection unit 16 for injecting a non-aqueous electrolytic solution and a gas discharge valve 17 for opening and discharging gas when an abnormality occurs in the battery.
  • the gas discharge valve 17 is arranged at the center of the sealing plate 15 in the longitudinal direction, and the liquid injection part 16 is arranged between the positive electrode terminal 12 and the gas discharge valve 17.
  • the electrode body 11 is divided into a first electrode group 11A and a second electrode group 11B.
  • the electrode groups 11A and 11B have, for example, the same laminated structure and dimensions, and are arranged in a laminated manner in the thickness direction of the electrode body 11.
  • a positive electrode tab group 24 composed of a plurality of positive electrode tabs 23 and a negative electrode tab group 34 composed of a plurality of negative electrode tabs 33 are formed at the upper end of each electrode group, and are connected to each current collector plate of the sealing plate 15.
  • the outer peripheral surfaces of the electrode groups 11A and 11B are covered with a separator 40, and the electrode groups 11A and 11B are configured so that independent battery reactions occur.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the electrode body 11.
  • the electrode body 11 includes a plurality of positive electrodes 20 and a plurality of negative electrodes 30.
  • the electrode groups 11A and 11B constituting the electrode body 11 include, for example, one more negative electrode 30 than the positive electrode 20, and the negative electrodes 30 are arranged on both sides of the electrode groups 11A and 11B in the thickness direction.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plurality of separators 40 arranged one by one between the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30, one separator 40 may be included in each of the electrode groups 11A and 11B. In this case, the long separator 40 is folded in a zigzag manner and arranged between the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30.
  • the electrode body 11 is a laminated electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes 20 and a plurality of negative electrodes 30 are alternately laminated one by one via a separator 40.
  • the positive electrode 20 includes a positive electrode tab 23 projecting upward
  • the negative electrode 30 includes a negative electrode tab 33 projecting upward.
  • the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30 are laminated so that the tabs face the same direction.
  • the positive electrode tab 23 is located on one end side in the lateral direction of the electrode body 11
  • the negative electrode tab 33 is located on the other end side in the lateral direction of the electrode body 11, and a plurality of positive electrode tabs 23 are arranged in the thickness direction of the electrode body 11.
  • a plurality of negative electrode tabs 33 are laminated and arranged so as to be arranged in the thickness direction of the electrode body 11.
  • the positive electrode 20 has a positive electrode core body 21 and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the positive electrode core body 21.
  • a metal foil that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 20 such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
  • the positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, and is preferably provided on both sides of the positive electrode core body 21.
  • a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and the like is applied onto a positive electrode core 21, the coating film is dried, and then compressed to form a positive electrode mixture layer. It can be manufactured by forming it on both sides of the core body 21.
  • the positive electrode 20 has a structure in which a positive electrode mixture layer is formed on the entire surface of the positive electrode core 21 except for the positive electrode tab 23 (hereinafter referred to as “base”).
  • the thickness of the positive electrode core 21 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 8 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the base of the positive electrode core 21 has a quadrangular shape in front view, and the positive electrode tab 23 projects from one side of the quadrangle.
  • one metal foil is processed to obtain a positive electrode core 21 in which a base and a positive electrode tab 23 are integrally molded.
  • Lithium transition metal composite oxide is used as the positive electrode active material.
  • Metallic elements contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide include Ni, Co, Mn, Al, B, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Zr, Nb, In and Sn. , Ta, W and the like. Above all, it is preferable to contain at least one of Ni, Co and Mn.
  • suitable composite oxides include lithium transition metal composite oxides containing Ni, Co and Mn, and lithium transition metal composite oxides containing Ni, Co and Al.
  • Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite.
  • Examples of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefin resins. .. Further, these resins may be used in combination with a cellulose derivative such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), or the like.
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • the negative electrode 30 has a negative electrode core 31 and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode core 31.
  • a metal foil that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 30 such as copper, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
  • the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material and a binder, and is preferably provided on both sides of the negative electrode core body.
  • a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and the like is applied to the surface of the negative electrode core body 31, the coating film is dried, and then compressed to form the negative electrode mixture layer into the negative electrode core body. It can be produced by forming it on both sides of 31.
  • the negative electrode 30 has a structure in which a negative electrode mixture layer is formed on the entire surface of the negative electrode core 31 except for the negative electrode tab 33.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode core 31 is, for example, 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the base of the negative electrode core 31 has a quadrangular shape in front view, and the negative electrode tab 33 projects from one side of the quadrangle.
  • a negative electrode core 31 in which a base portion and a negative electrode tab 33 are integrally molded by processing one metal foil is obtained.
  • the negative electrode active material for example, a carbon-based active material that reversibly occludes and releases lithium ions is used.
  • Suitable carbon-based active materials are natural graphite such as scaly graphite, massive graphite, earthy graphite, and graphite such as artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
  • a Si-based active material composed of at least one of Si and a Si-containing compound may be used, or a carbon-based active material and a Si-based active material may be used in combination.
  • the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer fluororesin, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin or the like can be used as in the case of the positive electrode 20, but styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is used. Is preferable.
  • the negative electrode mixture layer preferably further contains CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like. Above all, it is preferable to use SBR in combination with CMC or a salt thereof, PAA or a salt thereof.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an AA line cross section in FIG.
  • the configurations of the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 of the electrode body 11 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the electrode body 11 has a positive electrode tab group 24 in which a plurality of positive electrode tabs 23 are laminated, and a negative electrode tab group 34 in which a plurality of negative electrode tabs 33 are laminated.
  • the positive electrode tab group 24 is formed by superimposing a plurality of positive electrode tabs 23 in the stacking direction of the electrodes, one for each of the electrode groups 11A and 11B.
  • the negative electrode tab group 34 is formed by superimposing a plurality of negative electrode tabs 33 in the stacking direction of the electrodes, one for each of the electrode groups 11A and 11B.
  • the positive electrode tab group 24 is joined to the positive electrode current collector plate 25 attached to the inner surface (lower surface) of the sealing plate 15 by welding or the like.
  • the positive electrode current collector plate 25 is a plate-shaped conductive member that is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 12 via the current cutoff device 18.
  • An insulating member 26 is interposed between the sealing plate 15 and the positive electrode current collector plate 25 to prevent contact between the two members.
  • the negative electrode tab group 34 is joined to the negative electrode current collector plate 35 attached to the inner surface of the sealing plate 15 via an insulating member by welding or the like.
  • the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 function as springs for connecting the electrode body 11 and the sealing plate 15.
  • the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 are configured to expand and contract in the vertical direction.
  • the sealing plate 15 is pressed from above to reduce the distance between the sealing plate 15 and the electrode body 11 (parts other than the tab group). In that case, the sealing plate 15 is pushed back upward. That is, the distance between the electrode body 11 and the sealing plate 15 is maintained by elastically deforming the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34.
  • the shapes of the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 are not particularly limited as long as they function as a conductive path connecting the electrode body 11 and each terminal and as the spring.
  • the plurality of positive electrode tabs 23 and the plurality of negative electrode tabs 33 of the electrode group 11A are laminated in a state of being curved from the outside to the inside of the secondary battery 10, respectively, and the cross-sectional view is substantially U.
  • a character-shaped positive electrode tab group 24 and a negative electrode tab group 34 are formed.
  • the electrode group 11B also has a tab group having a substantially U-shaped cross section. Each tab group may have a U-shape curved from the inside to the outside of the secondary battery 10. Then, as shown in FIG.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the tab group of the other electrode group is approximately the boundary line of the electrode group with respect to the cross-sectional shape of the tab group of one electrode group. They may be arranged symmetrically.
  • the positive electrode tab group 24 may be welded to the upper surface of the positive electrode current collector plate 25 facing the sealing plate 15 side, but is preferably welded to the lower surface of the positive electrode current collector plate 25.
  • both the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 are welded to the lower surface of the current collector plate.
  • the positive electrode tab group 24 is welded to the lower surface of the positive electrode current collector plate 25 and the negative electrode tabs.
  • Group 34 may be welded to the upper surface of the negative electrode current collector plate 35.
  • the spring constant of one of the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 which is close to the functional component, is larger than the spring constant of the other tab group.
  • the current cutoff device 18 attached to the positive electrode terminal 12 is provided as a functional component, and the spring constant Kt of the positive electrode tab group 24 arranged close to the current cutoff device 18 is separated from the current cutoff device 18. It is larger than the spring constant Kb of the negative electrode tab group 34. That is, the positive electrode tab group 24 has higher rigidity than the negative electrode tab group 34 and is less likely to expand and contract.
  • the spring constants of the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 to Kt> Kb, for example, when a force such as pushing the sealing plate 15 from above acts during the manufacture of the secondary battery 10, or the electrode body 11 is pressed.
  • the negative electrode tab group 34 is more easily deformed than the positive electrode tab group 24. That is, the negative electrode tab group 34 is preferentially deformed to absorb the force, and the distance between the electrode body 11 and the sealing plate 15 is unlikely to be small on the positive electrode terminal 12 side. Therefore, contact between the electrode body 11 and the current cutoff device 18 is prevented, and it is possible to prevent a large load from being applied to the current cutoff device 18.
  • Each spring constant of the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 is calculated from the load applied to each tab group and the amount of deformation of the tab group.
  • the specific calculation method is as follows. (1) The sealing plate 15 is cut at the center in the longitudinal direction, and the sealing plate 15 is separated into a positive electrode terminal 12 side and a negative electrode terminal 13 side. (2) A load is applied by an autograph from directly above the positive electrode tab group 24 and directly above the negative electrode tab group 34 of the separated sealing plate 15. (3) The spring constants Kt and Kb are calculated from the applied load and the amount of deformation (contraction amount) of each tab group when the load is applied.
  • the ratio (Kt / Kb) of the spring constant Kt of the positive electrode tab group 24 to the spring constant Kb of the negative electrode tab group 34 preferably satisfies the relationship of 2.5 ⁇ Kt / Kb ⁇ 7.5.
  • Kt / Kb By setting Kt / Kb to 2.5 or more, for example, when the electrode body 11 welded to the sealing plate 15 in the manufacturing process of the secondary battery 10 is inserted into the outer can 14, the electrode body of the current blocking device 18 is inserted. It becomes easy to suppress the contact with 11.
  • Kt / Kb is 7.5 or less, it is not necessary to adopt a structure in which the rigidity of the positive electrode tab group 24 is extremely high, or a structure in which the rigidity of the negative electrode tab group 34 is extremely low. There is no need to adopt. Therefore, damage to the current cutoff device 18 can be efficiently suppressed.
  • the spring constant Kt of the positive electrode tab group 24 is, for example, 2.5 to 10 N / mm, preferably 3 to 8 N / mm, and more preferably 4 to 6 N / mm.
  • the spring constant Kb of the negative electrode tab group 34 is, for example, 0.5 to 2.5 N / mm, preferably 0.6 to 2 N / mm, and more preferably 0.7 to 1.5 N / mm.
  • An example of a suitable combination of spring constants Kt and Kb is Kt of 4 to 6 N / mm, Kb of 0.7 to 1.5 N / mm, and Kt / Kb of 3 to 5.
  • the spring constants Kt and Kb of the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 can be changed depending on the constituent materials, thickness and width of the positive electrode tab 23 and the negative electrode tab 33, the number of stacked tabs constituting the tab group, and the like. Generally, the constituent materials and thickness of each tab are limited from the viewpoint of battery performance, so it is preferable to adjust the width of each tab to control the spring constants Kt and Kb within the above range. By increasing the width of the positive electrode tab 23 and decreasing the width of the negative electrode tab 33, Kt / Kb can be increased.
  • the plurality of negative electrode tabs 33 constituting the negative electrode tab group 34 are divided into two groups, the length of one group is shortened and welded to the middle portion of the other group, that is, only the negative electrode tab 33 of the other group. May be welded to the negative electrode current collector plate 35 to reduce the spring constant Kb of the negative electrode tab group 34.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modified example of the electrode body 11.
  • the spring constant Kt can be changed by forming the positive electrode tab group 24 in a plurality of folded shapes.
  • the positive electrode tab group 24 is folded in a zigzag manner so that, for example, a plurality of folded portions (two in the example shown in FIG. 5) are formed.
  • the zigzag shape may be applied to only the positive electrode tab group 24, only the negative electrode tab group 34, or both tab groups.
  • the zigzag shape may be applied to the positive electrode tab group 24, and the U-shape illustrated in FIG. 4 may be applied to the negative electrode tab group 34. Further, even when a plurality of electrode groups as shown in FIG.
  • a zigzag shape as shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to the tab group of each electrode group.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the tab group of the other electrode group may be arranged so as to be substantially symmetrical with respect to the cross-sectional shape of the tab group of the other electrode group. In this way, the spring constants Kt and Kb can be changed by devising the shape of each tab group.
  • the electrode body 11 is not divided into a plurality of electrode groups, but is composed of one electrode group.
  • the plurality of positive electrode tabs 23 may be divided into two groups at the center of the electrode body 11 in the thickness direction to form two positive electrode tab groups 24.
  • the number of tab groups may be different from each other.
  • one positive electrode tab group 24 may have a plurality of negative electrode tab groups 34, or one negative electrode tab group 34 may have a plurality of positive electrode tab groups 24. ..
  • the spring constants Kt and Kb of the positive electrode tab group 24 and the negative electrode tab group 34 satisfy the relationship of Kt> Kb, preferably 2.5 ⁇ Kt / Kb ⁇ 7.5. It is possible to prevent a large load from being applied to the current cutoff device 18 while ensuring good productivity. For example, even if vibration or impact is applied to the electrode body 11 or the sealing plate 15 when the electrode body 11 welded to the sealing plate 15 is inserted into the outer can 14 in the manufacturing process of the secondary battery 10, the negative electrode tab group 34 Priority is given to deforming to absorb the load. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the current cutoff device 18 from coming into contact with the electrode body 11. According to the secondary battery 10, the current cutoff device 18 can be sufficiently protected from vibration and impact without adding special manufacturing conditions in the assembly process and the like.
  • the current cutoff device 18 is illustrated as a functional component, but the functional component includes a current fuse or a protective circuit board for protecting the battery from overcurrent, or a chemical for suppressing overheating of the battery. It may be a container (tank, capsule) or the like for storing.
  • the functional parts may be arranged close to the negative electrode terminal 13, and the same effect as the above-mentioned configuration in which the functional parts are arranged close to the positive electrode terminal 12 can be obtained.
  • the spring constant Kb of the negative electrode tab group needs to be larger than the spring constant Kt of the positive electrode tab group.
  • the ratio (Kb / Kt) of the spring constant Kb of the negative electrode tab group 34 to the spring constant Kt of the positive electrode tab group 24 preferably satisfies the relationship of 2.5 ⁇ Kb / Kt ⁇ 7.5.
  • the spring constant Kt of the positive electrode tab group 24 is, for example, 0.5 to 2.5 N / mm, preferably 0.6 to 2 N / mm, and more preferably 0.7 to 1.5 N / mm.
  • the spring constant Kb of the negative electrode tab group 34 is, for example, 2.5 to 10 N / mm, preferably 3 to 8 N / mm, and more preferably 4 to 6 N / mm.
  • An example of a suitable combination of spring constants Kt and Kb is Kt of 0.7 to 1.5 N / mm, Kb of 4 to 6 N / mm, and Kb / Kt of 3 to 5.
  • the ratio (K / k) of the spring constant K of one tab group to the spring constant k of the other tab group is preferably 2.5 ⁇ K / k ⁇ 7.5, and 3 ⁇ K /. It is more preferable that k ⁇ 5.

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Abstract

蓄電装置は、正極と負極がセパレータを介して交互に積層されてなる電極体と、有底筒状の外装缶と、正極端子及び負極端子が取り付けられ、外装缶の開口部を塞ぐ封口板と、封口板の内面において正極端子又は負極端子に近接配置される機能部品とを備える。電極体は、正極タブが複数積層されてなる正極タブ群と、負極タブが複数積層されてなる負極タブ群とを有し、当該各タブ群は電極体と封口板を接続するバネとして機能する。正極タブ群及び負極タブ群のうち、機能部品に近接する一方のタブ群のバネ定数が、他方のタブ群のバネ定数より大きい。

Description

蓄電装置
　本開示は、蓄電装置に関し、より詳しくは、封口板の正極端子又は負極端子に近接配置される機能部品を備えた蓄電装置に関する。
　従来、電極体が収容される有底筒状の外装缶と、正極端子及び負極端子が取り付けられ、外装缶の開口部を塞ぐ封口板とを備えた蓄電装置が広く知られている。例えば、特許文献１には、正極端子を含む正極集電板と、負極端子を含む負極集電板と、正極のタブを集約した正極タブ群と、負極のタブを集約した負極タブ群とを備え、正極集電板の上面に正極タブ群が、負極集電板の上面に負極タブ群がそれぞれ溶接された蓄電装置が開示されている。特許文献１の蓄電装置では、タブ群を構成するタブの長さを積層位置に応じて変化させることで、集電部における電気抵抗のバラツキの抑制を図っている。また、特許文献１の蓄電装置では、各集電板と各端子が過電流保護回路を介して接続されている。
　特許文献２には、正極タブ群と負極タブ群をそれぞれ有する２つの電極群からなる電極体を備えた蓄電装置が開示されている。特許文献２には、タブ群を電極群の積層方向中央に向けて寄せ集めた状態で集電板に溶接することにより、タブに作用する負荷を軽減できると記載されている。
特開２０１５－２２５７３６号公報 特開２０１８－２００８４１号公報
　リチウムイオン電池等の蓄電装置には、一般的に、異常発生時に電流経路を切断するための電流遮断機構等を備えた機能部品が装置内部に設けられる。かかる機能部品に対して、例えば、蓄電装置の製造時に振動、衝撃等の負荷がかかると、機能部品の性能が低下することが想定される。一方、機能部品に負荷がかからないように製造条件を厳しく規制すれば、生産性の低下を招くことになる。
　本開示に係る蓄電装置は、正極と負極がセパレータを介して交互に積層されてなる電極体と、前記電極体が収容される有底筒状の外装缶と、正極端子及び負極端子が取り付けられ、前記外装缶の開口部を塞ぐ封口板と、前記封口板の内面において前記正極端子又は前記負極端子に近接配置される機能部品とを備え、前記正極は、前記正極端子と電気的に接続される正極タブを含み、前記負極は、前記負極端子と電気的に接続される負極タブを含み、前記電極体は、前記正極タブが複数積層されてなる正極タブ群と、前記負極タブが複数積層されてなる負極タブ群とを有し、当該各タブ群は前記電極体と前記封口板を接続するバネとして機能し、前記正極タブ群及び前記負極タブ群のうち、前記機能部品に近接する一方のタブ群のバネ定数が、他方のタブ群のバネ定数より大きいことを特徴とする。
　本開示に係る蓄電装置によれば、良好な生産性を確保しつつ、装置内部に設けられる電流遮断機構等を備えた機能部品に対して大きな負荷がかかることを抑制できる。したがって、例えば蓄電装置の製造時に、機能部品に対して振動や衝撃が作用し難くなり、振動や衝撃による機能部品の性能低下、損傷等が防止される。また、蓄電装置の組み立て工程等において特別な製造条件を追加しなくても、機能部品を振動や衝撃から十分に保護できる。
図１は、実施形態の一例である蓄電装置の外観を示す斜視図である。 図２は、実施形態の一例である電極体及び封口板の斜視図である。 図３は、実施形態の一例である電極体の分解斜視図である。 図４は、実施形態の一例である電極体の断面図である。 図５は、実施形態の他の一例である電極体の断面図である。
　以下、図面を参照しながら、本開示の実施形態の一例について詳細に説明する。なお、以下で例示する複数の実施形態及び変形例を選択的に組み合わせることは当初から想定されている。また、本明細書において、「数値Ａ～数値Ｂ」との記載は特に断らない限り、「数値Ａ以上数値Ｂ以下」を意味する。
　図１は実施形態の一例である二次電池１０の外観を示す斜視図、図２は二次電池１０を構成する電極体１１及び封口板１５の斜視図（外装缶１４を取り除いた状態を示す図）である。図１に例示する二次電池１０は、外装体として、外装缶１４と封口板１５を含む角形容器を備えるが、外装体はこれに限定されない。なお、本開示に係る蓄電装置は、二次電池１０に限定されず、例えば一次電池、又はキャパシタであってもよい。
　図１及び図２に例示するように、二次電池１０は、電極体１１と、電解質と、電極体１１及び電解質が収容される有底筒状の外装缶１４と、正極端子１２及び負極端子１３が取り付けられ、外装缶１４の開口部を塞ぐ封口板１５とを備える。電極体１１は、正極２０と負極３０がセパレータ４０を介して交互に積層された構造を有する（詳しくは後述の図３参照）。外装缶１４は軸方向一端が開口した扁平な略直方体形状の金属製角形容器であり、二次電池１０はいわゆる角形電池である。外装缶１４及び封口板１５は、例えば、アルミニウムを主成分とする金属材料で構成される。
　以下では、説明の便宜上、外装缶１４の高さ方向を二次電池１０の「上下方向」とし、封口板１５側を「上」、外装缶１４の底部側を「下」とする。また、封口板１５の長手方向に沿う方向を二次電池１０の「横方向」とする。
　電解質は、水系電解質であってもよいが、好ましくは非水電解質である。非水電解質は、固体電解質であってもよいが、本実施形態では非水電解液を用いるものとする。非水電解液は、例えば、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、ニトリル類、アミド類、及びこれらの２種以上の混合溶媒等を用いてもよい。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。電解質塩には、例えばＬｉＰＦ６等のリチウム塩が使用される。
　封口板１５には、上記の通り、正極端子１２及び負極端子１３が取り付けられている。封口板１５は、細長い矩形形状を有し、長手方向一端側に正極端子１２が、封口板１５の長手方向他端側に負極端子１３がそれぞれ配置されている。正極端子１２及び負極端子１３は、他の二次電池１０や負荷に対して電気的に接続される外部接続端子であり、絶縁部材を介して封口板１５に取り付けられる。
　詳しくは後述するが、正極２０は正極端子１２と電気的に接続される正極タブ２３を含み、負極３０は負極端子１３と電気的に接続される負極タブ３３を含む。正極端子１２は正極集電板２５を介して、複数の正極タブ２３が積層されてなる正極タブ群２４と電気的に接続され、負極端子１３は負極集電板３５を介して、複数の負極タブ３３が積層されてなる負極タブ群３４と電気的に接続される。
　封口板１５には、機能部品として、電池の異常発生時に電流経路を切断するための電流遮断装置１８が設けられている。機能部品は、例えば、二次電池１０の安全装置又は制御装置として機能する部品である。機能部品は、封口板１５の内面において正極端子１２又は負極端子１３に近接配置される。本実施形態では、電流遮断装置１８が正極端子１２に付随し、正極端子１２の内側に配置されている。
　電流遮断装置１８は、二次電池１０に異常が発生して外装缶１４の内圧が所定の圧力を超えて上昇した場合に電流経路を遮断する圧力感知式の安全装置である。電流遮断装置１８は、例えば、正極端子１２と正極集電板２５の間に配置され、通常使用時において正極端子１２及び正極集電板２５と電気的に接続されている。電流遮断装置１８の構造は特に限定されないが、一例としては、内圧上昇時に正極集電板２５から離れる方向に反転して正極集電板２５との電気的接続を切断し、正極端子１２と正極集電板２５の電流経路を遮断する反転板を含む装置が挙げられる。
　また、封口板１５には、非水電解液を注入するための注液部１６、及び電池の異常発生時に開弁してガスを排出するためのガス排出弁１７が設けられる。ガス排出弁１７は封口板１５の長手方向中央部に、注液部１６は正極端子１２とガス排出弁１７の間にそれぞれ配置されている。
　図２に例示するように、電極体１１は、第１の電極群１１Ａと第２の電極群１１Ｂに分割されている。電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂは、例えば、互いに同じ積層構造、寸法を有し、電極体１１の厚み方向に積層配置される。各電極群の上端部には、複数の正極タブ２３からなる正極タブ群２４、及び複数の負極タブ３３からなる負極タブ群３４が形成され、封口板１５の各集電板にそれぞれ接続されている。電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂの外周面はセパレータ４０で覆われ、また電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂで独立した電池反応が起こるように構成されている。
　図３は、電極体１１の分解斜視図である。図３に例示するように、電極体１１は、複数の正極２０と、複数の負極３０とを含む。電極体１１を構成する電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂには、例えば、負極３０が正極２０よりも１枚多く含まれ、電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂの厚み方向両側に負極３０が配置される。図３では、正極２０と負極３０の間に１枚ずつ配置される複数のセパレータ４０を図示しているが、電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂに含まれるセパレータ４０はそれぞれ１枚ずつであってもよい。この場合、長尺状のセパレータ４０がつづら折りされて正極２０と負極３０の間に配置される。
　電極体１１は、複数の正極２０と複数の負極３０がセパレータ４０を介して１枚ずつ交互に積層されてなる積層型の電極体である。正極２０は上方に突出した正極タブ２３を含み、負極３０は上方に突出した負極タブ３３を含む。言い換えると、正極２０及び負極３０は、各タブが同じ方向を向くように積層配置される。また、正極タブ２３が電極体１１の横方向一端側に、負極タブ３３が電極体１１の横方向他端側にそれぞれ位置すると共に、複数の正極タブ２３が電極体１１の厚み方向に並び、複数の負極タブ３３が電極体１１の厚み方向に並ぶように積層配置される。
　正極２０は、正極芯体２１と、正極芯体２１の表面に設けられた正極合材層とを有する。正極芯体２１には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金など正極２０の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材を含み、正極芯体２１の両面に設けられることが好ましい。正極２０は、例えば正極芯体２１上に正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材等を含む正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合材層を正極芯体２１の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
　正極２０は、正極芯体２１の表面のうち正極タブ２３を除く部分（以下、「基部」とする）の全域に正極合材層が形成された構造を有する。正極芯体２１の厚みは、例えば５μｍ～２０μｍであり、好ましくは８μｍ～１５μｍである。正極芯体２１の基部は正面視四角形状を有し、当該四角形の一辺から正極タブ２３が突出している。一般的には、１枚の金属箔を加工して基部と正極タブ２３が一体成形された正極芯体２１が得られる。
　正極活物質には、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が用いられる。リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有される金属元素としては、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｂ、Ｍｇ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｇａ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｉｎ、Ｓｎ、Ｔａ、Ｗ等が挙げられる。中でも、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎの少なくとも１種を含有することが好ましい。好適な複合酸化物の一例としては、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎを含有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ａｌを含有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が挙げられる。
　正極合材層に含まれる導電材としては、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、黒鉛等の炭素材料が例示できる。正極合材層に含まれる結着材としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）、ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶｄＦ）等のフッ素樹脂、ポリアクリロニトリル（ＰＡＮ）、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂などが例示できる。また、これらの樹脂と、カルボキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ）又はその塩等のセルロース誘導体、ポリエチレンオキシド（ＰＥＯ）などが併用されてもよい。
　負極３０は、負極芯体３１と、負極芯体３１の表面に設けられた負極合材層とを有する。負極芯体３１には、銅などの負極３０の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層は、負極活物質及び結着材を含み、負極芯体の両面に設けられることが好ましい。負極３０は、例えば負極芯体３１の表面に負極活物質、及び結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合材層を負極芯体３１の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
　負極３０は、負極芯体３１の表面のうち負極タブ３３を除く部分である基部の全域に負極合材層が形成された構造を有する。負極芯体３１の厚みは、例えば３μｍ～１５μｍであり、好ましくは５μｍ～１０μｍである。正極２０の場合と同様に、負極芯体３１の基部は正面視四角形状を有し、当該四角形の一辺から負極タブ３３が突出している。一般的には、１枚の金属箔を加工して基部と負極タブ３３が一体成形された負極芯体３１が得られる。
　負極活物質としては、例えば、リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵、放出する炭素系活物質が用いられる。好適な炭素系活物質は、鱗片状黒鉛、塊状黒鉛、土状黒鉛等の天然黒鉛、塊状人造黒鉛（ＭＡＧ）、黒鉛化メソフェーズカーボンマイクロビーズ（ＭＣＭＢ）等の人造黒鉛などの黒鉛である。また、負極活物質には、Ｓｉ及びＳｉ含有化合物の少なくとも一方で構成されるＳｉ系活物質が用いられてもよく、炭素系活物質とＳｉ系活物質が併用されてもよい。
　負極合材層に含まれる結着材には、正極２０の場合と同様に、フッ素樹脂、ＰＡＮ、ポリイミド、アクリル樹脂、ポリオレフィン等を用いることもできるが、スチレン－ブタジエンゴム（ＳＢＲ）を用いることが好ましい。また、負極合材層は、さらに、ＣＭＣ又はその塩、ポリアクリル酸（ＰＡＡ）又はその塩、ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）などを含むことが好ましい。中でも、ＳＢＲと、ＣＭＣ又はその塩、ＰＡＡ又はその塩を併用することが好適である。
　図４は、図２中のＡＡ線断面を模式的に示す図である。以下、図２及び図４を参照しながら、電極体１１の正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４の構成について詳説する。
　図２及び図４に例示するように、電極体１１は、正極タブ２３が複数積層されてなる正極タブ群２４と、負極タブ３３が複数積層されてなる負極タブ群３４とを有する。正極タブ群２４は、複数の正極タブ２３を電極の積層方向に重ね合わせて、電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂ毎に１つずつ形成されている。同様に、負極タブ群３４は、複数の負極タブ３３を電極の積層方向に重ね合わせて、電極群１１Ａ，１１Ｂ毎に１つずつ形成されている。
　正極タブ群２４は、封口板１５の内面（下面）に取り付けられた正極集電板２５に溶接等により接合される。正極集電板２５は、上記のように、電流遮断装置１８を介して正極端子１２と電気的に接続される板状の導電部材である。封口板１５と正極集電板２５の間には絶縁部材２６が介在し、両部材の接触が防止されている。同様に、負極タブ群３４は、絶縁部材を介して封口板１５の内面に取り付けられた負極集電板３５に溶接等により接合される。
　正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４は、電極体１１と封口板１５を接続するバネとして機能する。正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４は、上下方向に伸縮するように構成され、例えば、封口板１５が上から押圧されて封口板１５と電極体１１（タブ群以外の部分）の間隔が縮まった場合に、封口板１５を上方に押し返す。即ち、正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４が弾性変形することで、電極体１１と封口板１５の間隔が維持される。
　正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４は、電極体１１と各端子をつなぐ導電経路として、また上記バネとして機能する限り、その形状は特に限定されない。図２及び図４に示す例では、電極群１１Ａの複数の正極タブ２３及び複数の負極タブ３３が、二次電池１０の外側から内側に向かって湾曲した状態でそれぞれ積層され、断面視略Ｕ字状の正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４が形成されている。同様に、電極群１１Ｂにも、断面視略Ｕ字状のタブ群が形成されている。なお、各タブ群は、二次電池１０の内側から外側に向かって湾曲したＵ字形状を有していてもよい。そして、図４のように２つの積層された電極群のタブ群は、一方の電極群のタブ群の断面形状に対して他方の電極群のタブ群の断面形状が電極群の境界線で略対称となるように配置されてもよい。
　正極タブ群２４は、正極集電板２５の封口板１５側に向いた上面に溶接されてもよいが、好ましくは正極集電板２５の下面に溶接される。正極タブ群２４を正極集電板２５の下面に溶接した場合、バネの機能がより発現され易くなる。本実施形態では、正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４のいずれも、集電板の下面に溶接されているが、例えば、正極タブ群２４が正極集電板２５の下面に溶接され、負極タブ群３４が負極集電板３５の上面に溶接されてもよい。
　二次電池１０では、正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４のうち、機能部品に近接する一方のタブ群のバネ定数が、他方のタブ群のバネ定数より大きくなっている。本実施形態では、機能部品として、正極端子１２に付随する電流遮断装置１８が設けられており、電流遮断装置１８に近接配置される正極タブ群２４のバネ定数Ｋｔが、電流遮断装置１８から離れた負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｂより大きくなっている。つまり、正極タブ群２４は、負極タブ群３４に比べて剛性が高く伸縮し難い。
　正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４のバネ定数をＫｔ＞Ｋｂとすることで、例えば、二次電池１０の製造時に封口板１５を上から押すような力が作用したとき、又は電極体１１を下から持ち上げるような力が作用したときに、正極タブ群２４よりも負極タブ群３４が変形し易くなる。つまり、負極タブ群３４が優先的に変形してその力を吸収し、電極体１１と封口板１５の間隔は正極端子１２側で小さくなり難い。このため、電極体１１と電流遮断装置１８の接触が防止され、電流遮断装置１８に大きな負荷がかかることを抑制できる。
　正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４の各バネ定数は、各タブ群に荷重を付与し、当該荷重とタブ群の変形量から算出される。具体的な算出法は、下記の通りである。
（１）長手方向中央で封口板１５を切断し、封口板１５を正極端子１２側と負極端子１３側に分離する。
（２）分離した封口板１５の正極タブ群２４の直上、及び負極タブ群３４の直上から、オートグラフで荷重を付与する。
（３）付与した荷重と、荷重付与時の各タブ群の変形量（縮み量）から、バネ定数Ｋｔ，Ｋｂを算出する。
　負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｂに対する正極タブ群２４のバネ定数Ｋｔの比（Ｋｔ／Ｋｂ）は、２．５≦Ｋｔ／Ｋｂ≦７．５の関係を満たすことが好ましい。Ｋｔ／Ｋｂを２．５以上に設定することで、例えば、二次電池１０の製造工程で封口板１５に溶接された電極体１１を外装缶１４に挿入する際、電流遮断装置１８の電極体１１への接触を抑制することが容易になる。一方、Ｋｔ／Ｋｂが７．５以下であれば、正極タブ群２４の剛性を極端に高くするような構造を採用する必要がなく、或いは負極タブ群３４の剛性を極端に低くするような構造を採用する必要がない。ゆえに、電流遮断装置１８の損傷を効率良く抑制できる。
　正極タブ群２４のバネ定数Ｋｔは、例えば２．５～１０Ｎ／ｍｍであり、好ましくは３～８Ｎ／ｍｍ、より好ましくは４～６Ｎ／ｍｍである。他方、負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｂは、例えば０．５～２．５Ｎ／ｍｍであり、好ましくは０．６～２Ｎ／ｍｍ、より好ましくは０．７～１．５Ｎ／ｍｍである。バネ定数Ｋｔ，Ｋｂの好適な組み合わせの一例は、Ｋｔが４～６Ｎ／ｍｍ、Ｋｂが０．７～１．５Ｎ／ｍｍであり、Ｋｔ／Ｋｂが３～５である。
　正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｔ，Ｋｂは、正極タブ２３及び負極タブ３３の構成材料、厚み、幅、タブ群を構成するタブの積層数等によって変更できる。一般的に、各タブの構成材料、厚みは電池性能の観点から制限されるため、各タブの幅を調整して、バネ定数Ｋｔ，Ｋｂを上記範囲に制御することが好ましい。正極タブ２３の幅を大きくし、負極タブ３３の幅を小さくすることで、Ｋｔ／Ｋｂを高くすることができる。或いは、負極タブ群３４を構成する複数の負極タブ３３を２つの群に分け、一方の群の長さを短くして他方の群の中間部に溶接する、即ち他方の群の負極タブ３３のみを負極集電板３５に溶接して、負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｂを小さくしてもよい。
　図５は、電極体１１の変形例を示す図である。図５に例示するように、正極タブ群２４を複数回折り返した形状として、バネ定数Ｋｔを変化させることもできる。正極タブ群２４は、例えば、複数（図５に示す例では２つ）の折り返し部が形成されるように、つづら折りされている。正極タブ群２４のみ、負極タブ群３４のみ、又は両方のタブ群に、当該つづら折り形状を適用してもよい。例えば、正極タブ群２４に当該つづら折り形状を適用し、負極タブ群３４に図４に例示するＵ字形状を適用してもよい。また、図４で示したような複数の電極群が積層される場合でも、それぞれの電極群のタブ群に図５のようなつづら折り形状を適用してもよい。このとき上述のように、一方の電極群のタブ群の断面形状に対して他方の電極群のタブ群の断面形状が電極群の境界線で略対称となるように配置されてもよい。このように、各タブ群の形状を工夫することで、バネ定数Ｋｔ，Ｋｂを変更することもできる。
　図５に示す例では、電極体１１が複数の電極群に分割されておらず１つの電極群で構成されている。一方、複数の正極タブ２３は、電極体１１の厚み方向中央で２つのグループに分割され、２つの正極タブ群２４を形成してもよい。各タブ群の数は互いに異なっていてもよく、例えば、正極タブ群２４が１つで負極タブ群３４が複数、又は負極タブ群３４が１つで正極タブ群２４が複数であってもよい。
　上述のように、正極タブ群２４及び負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｔ，ＫｂがＫｔ＞Ｋｂ、好ましくは、２．５≦Ｋｔ／Ｋｂ≦７．５の関係を満たす二次電池１０によれば、良好な生産性を確保しつつ、電流遮断装置１８に対して大きな負荷がかかることを抑制できる。例えば、二次電池１０の製造工程において封口板１５に溶接された電極体１１を外装缶１４に挿入する際に電極体１１や封口板１５に振動や衝撃が加わったとしても、負極タブ群３４が優先的に変形して負荷を吸収する。このため、電流遮断装置１８が電極体１１に接触することを抑制できる。二次電池１０によれば、組み立て工程等において特別な製造条件を追加しなくても、電流遮断装置１８を振動や衝撃から十分に保護できる。
　上記実施形態は、本開示の目的を損なわない範囲で適宜設計変更できる。例えば、上記実施形態では、機能部品として電流遮断装置１８を例示したが、機能部品は、過電流から電池を保護するための電流ヒューズや保護回路基板、或いは電池の過熱を抑制するための薬剤を収納する容器（タンク、カプセル）等であってもよい。
　また、機能部品は負極端子１３に近接配置されてもよく、上述の正極端子１２近接に機能部品が配置される構成と同様の効果が得られる。この場合、負極タブ群のバネ定数Ｋｂを、正極タブ群のバネ定数Ｋｔよりも大きくする必要がある。このとき、正極タブ群２４のバネ定数Ｋｔに対する負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｂの比（Ｋｂ／Ｋｔ）は、２．５≦Ｋｂ／Ｋｔ≦７．５の関係を満たすことが好ましい。正極タブ群２４のバネ定数Ｋｔは、例えば０．５～２．５Ｎ／ｍｍであり、好ましくは０．６～２Ｎ／ｍｍ、より好ましくは０．７～１．５Ｎ／ｍｍである。他方、負極タブ群３４のバネ定数Ｋｂは、例えば２．５～１０Ｎ／ｍｍであり、好ましくは３～８Ｎ／ｍｍ、より好ましくは４～６Ｎ／ｍｍである。バネ定数Ｋｔ，Ｋｂの好適な組み合わせの一例は、Ｋｔが０．７～１．５Ｎ／ｍｍで、Ｋｂが４～６Ｎ／ｍｍであり、Ｋｂ／Ｋｔが３～５である。
　つまり、機能部品に近接する一方のタブ群のバネ係数をＫとし、他方のタブ群のバネ係数をｋとするとき、Ｋ＞ｋとすることで上述の効果が得られる。このとき、他方のタブ群のバネ定数ｋに対する一方のタブ群のバネ定数Ｋの比（Ｋ／ｋ）は、２．５≦Ｋ／ｋ≦７．５とすることが好ましく、３≦Ｋ／ｋ≦５とすることがより好ましい。
１０　　二次電池
１１　　電極体
１１Ａ　　第１の電極群
１１Ｂ　　第２の電極群
１２　　正極端子
１３　　負極端子
１４　　外装缶
１５　　封口板
１６　　注液部
１７　　ガス排出弁
１８　　電流遮断装置
２０　　正極
２１　　正極芯体
２２　　正極合材層
２３　　正極タブ
２４　　正極タブ群
２５　　正極集電板
２６　　絶縁部材
３０　　負極
３１　　負極芯体
３２　　負極合材層
３３　　負極タブ
３４　　負極タブ群
３５　　負極集電板
４０　　セパレータ

Claims (4)

  1. 　正極と負極がセパレータを介して交互に積層されてなる電極体と、
    　前記電極体が収容される有底筒状の外装缶と、
    　正極端子及び負極端子が取り付けられ、前記外装缶の開口部を塞ぐ封口板と、
    　前記封口板の内面において前記正極端子又は前記負極端子に近接配置される機能部品と、
    　を備え、
    　前記正極は、前記正極端子と電気的に接続される正極タブを含み、
    　前記負極は、前記負極端子と電気的に接続される負極タブを含み、
    　前記電極体は、前記正極タブが複数積層されてなる正極タブ群と、前記負極タブが複数積層されてなる負極タブ群とを有し、当該各タブ群は前記電極体と前記封口板を接続するバネとして機能し、
    　前記正極タブ群及び前記負極タブ群のうち、前記機能部品に近接する一方のタブ群のバネ定数が、他方のタブ群のバネ定数より大きい、蓄電装置。
  2. 　前記他方のタブ群のバネ定数ｋに対する前記一方のタブ群のバネ定数Ｋの比（Ｋ／ｋ）が、２．５≦Ｋ／ｋ≦７．５の関係を満たす、請求項１に記載の蓄電装置。
  3. 　前記機能部品は、前記正極端子に近接配置され、
    　前記正極タブ群のバネ定数が、前記負極タブ群のバネ定数より大きい、請求項１又は２に記載の蓄電装置。
  4. 　前記電極体は、第１及び第２の電極群に分割されて積層配置され、
    　前記第１及び前記第２の電極群の各々は、前記正極タブ群及び前記負極タブ群を有する、請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の蓄電装置。
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