WO2021129329A1 - Arp学习方法和节点设备 - Google Patents

Arp学习方法和节点设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129329A1
WO2021129329A1 PCT/CN2020/133141 CN2020133141W WO2021129329A1 WO 2021129329 A1 WO2021129329 A1 WO 2021129329A1 CN 2020133141 W CN2020133141 W CN 2020133141W WO 2021129329 A1 WO2021129329 A1 WO 2021129329A1
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Prior art keywords
arp
address
forwarding chip
target device
forwarding
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜海明
顾明君
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to EP20906174.6A priority Critical patent/EP4084428A4/en
Priority to US17/788,403 priority patent/US11876773B2/en
Publication of WO2021129329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129329A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/10—Mapping addresses of different types
    • H04L61/103—Mapping addresses of different types across network layers, e.g. resolution of network layer into physical layer addresses or address resolution protocol [ARP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/54—Organization of routing tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/66—Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
    • H04L61/4552—Lookup mechanisms between a plurality of directories; Synchronisation of directories, e.g. metadirectories
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/58—Caching of addresses or names
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
    • H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
    • H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of computer technology, and particularly relate to ARP learning methods, node devices, and computer-readable media.
  • the bearer network In the construction of a 5G network, the bearer network needs to provide a transmission channel with ultra-large bandwidth and ultra-low latency. Moreover, the bearer network service uses fast forwarding technology to reduce the complexity of network connections, thereby making the service path easier to maintain. It can support flexible scheduling under massive 5G network connections.
  • ARP Address Resolution Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the correspondence between the IP address and the MAC address stored in ARP needs to be obtained through learning.
  • the existing ARP learning method has a low rate, which leads to the inability to obtain ARP in time when the bearer network needs to perform fast forwarding.
  • the corresponding relationship between the destination IP address and the MAC address will cause the problem of data packet loss and fail to meet the 5G bearer requirements.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an ARP learning method, node device, and computer-readable medium.
  • the embodiment of the application provides an ARP learning method, including: a forwarding chip determines the IP address of a target device; when the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device is not stored in the ARP forwarding table, the forwarding chip generates ARP request message and broadcast, the ARP request message includes the IP address of the target device; the forwarding chip receives the ARP response message fed back by the target device, the ARP response message includes the target device The MAC address; the forwarding chip writes the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address into the ARP forwarding table.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides another ARP learning method, including: the forwarding chip receives an ARP request message, the ARP request message includes the IP address of the target device; when the IP address of the device to which it belongs is that of the target device In the case of an IP address, the forwarding chip generates an ARP response message, the ARP response message includes: the MAC address of the device to which it belongs; the forwarding chip feeds back the response message to the source of the ARP request message equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a forwarding chip in which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed, the forwarding chip realizes the steps in the ARP learning method provided in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • This application also provides a node device, including: a CPU and the forwarding chip provided in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps in the ARP learning method provided in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of yet another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of the interaction process of an ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the ARP learning method provided in this application is used to perfect the ARP in the node device.
  • the node device includes a CPU and a forwarding chip. The following methods in this application will be implemented based on the forwarding chip in the node device.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:
  • Step S101 The forwarding chip determines the IP address of the target device.
  • the target device refers to the device corresponding to the next hop node to which the forwarding chip will forward the data message (also referred to as the next hop device), and the determination of the target device can be based on any one in the prior art. It can be determined by a communication link acquisition method. For example, it can be determined by the current node device by querying the routing table, or it can be that the communication link is pre-set in the data message, and the current node device directly learns the target from the data message. equipment.
  • Step S102 When the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device is not stored in the ARP forwarding table, the forwarding chip generates an ARP request message and broadcasts it.
  • the forwarding chip After determining the IP address of the target device, the forwarding chip queries the ARP forwarding table according to the IP address of the target device to determine whether the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device is stored in the current ARP forwarding table. When it is determined that the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device has not been stored in the current ARP forwarding table, it means that the ARP forwarding table needs to learn the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address. In the embodiment of the present application, when the ARP forwarding table is being learned, the forwarding chip directly generates and broadcasts an ARP request message, and the ARP request message includes the IP address of the target device.
  • the ARP forwarding table can be set in the forwarding chip or outside the forwarding chip and can be directly called and changed by the forwarding chip.
  • the IP addresses of different node devices and the corresponding IP addresses are stored in it. MAC address.
  • Step S103 The forwarding chip receives the ARP response message fed back by the target device.
  • the forwarding chip of other node devices in the network adjacent to the current node device receives the ARP request message and verifies whether its own IP address is the same as that contained in the ARP request message The IP address of the target device is the same. When it is verified that they are the same, it is determined that it is the target device; at this time, the forwarding chip in the target device feeds back an ARP response message to the current node device.
  • the ARP response message includes its own MAC address, that is, the MAC address of the target device.
  • Step S104 The forwarding chip writes the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address into the ARP forwarding table.
  • the forwarding chip of the current node device After receiving the ARP response message, the forwarding chip of the current node device extracts the MAC address contained in the ARP response message, and writes the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address into the ARP forwarding table.
  • the forwarding chip of the node device when a node device needs to perform ARP learning, directly generates an ARP request message and broadcasts it, and after the forwarding chip receives the ARP response message, the ARP response message is directly generated by the forwarding chip.
  • the forwarding chip writes the ARP forwarding table without CPU processing, thus avoiding the CPU uploading and sending, thereby increasing the ARP learning rate and reducing the probability of data packet loss, making it more suitable for 5G bearer requirements.
  • the forwarding chip when the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address are stored in the ARP forwarding table, the forwarding chip sends the data message to the target device according to the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device.
  • Fig. 2 is another ARP learning method provided by this application. As shown in Fig. 2, in some embodiments, before step S101, the following steps are further included.
  • Step S100 The forwarding chip receives the data message.
  • the forwarding chip of the node device receives the data message.
  • the data message includes the IP address of the destination device, and the destination device refers to the end device to which the data message will be transmitted.
  • step S101 specifically includes:
  • Step S1011 it is determined whether the destination device is a direct routing device of the device to which it belongs.
  • step S1012 When it is determined that the destination device is the directly connected routing device of the own device, the following step S1012 is executed; when it is determined that the destination device is not the directly connected routing device of the own device, the following step S1013 is executed.
  • Step S1012 The forwarding chip uses the IP address of the target device as the IP address of the target device.
  • Step S1013 The forwarding chip queries the pre-stored routing table according to the IP address of the destination device to query the IP address of the device corresponding to the next hop node, and uses the queried IP address of the device corresponding to the next hop node as the target device IP address.
  • Direct routing is a method for routers to learn routing information, generate and maintain routing tables. Direct routing is discovered by link layer protocols, and generally refers to the path to the network segment where the router's interface address is located. This path information is not required The maintenance of the network administrator does not require the router to calculate through a certain algorithm. As long as the interface is active (Active), the router will fill in the routing information to the network segment into the routing table, and direct routing is not possible. Enable the router to obtain routing information that is not directly connected to it.
  • the forwarding chip determines the IP address of the target device, it first determines whether the target device is a directly connected routing device of the device to which it belongs. When it is determined to be a directly connected routing device, it means that the destination device can directly communicate After that, step S1012 is executed to directly use the IP address of the destination device as the IP address of the target device; and when it is determined that it is not a direct route, it means that the destination device needs to be forwarded by other nodes, and then step S1013 is executed to The device of the next hop node is queried through the routing table, and the IP address of the device corresponding to the queried next hop node is used as the IP address of the target device.
  • FIG. 3 is another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 3, in some embodiments, before step S102, the following steps are further included.
  • Step S101' the forwarding chip performs message rate suppression to control the sending rate of the ARP request message.
  • the message rate suppression is also performed before the forwarding chip generates and sends the ARP request message.
  • the message rate suppression is used to control the rate at which the forwarding chip sends out ARP request messages, thereby preventing downstream node equipment Cause an ARP attack. How the specific forwarding chip performs message rate suppression can be performed based on any existing method, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in Fig. 4, in some embodiments, after step S104, the method further includes:
  • Step S105 The forwarding chip writes the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address into the ARP cache table.
  • the ARP cache table can be set in the forwarding chip or outside the forwarding chip and can be directly called and changed by the forwarding chip.
  • the ARP cache table is used to cache ARP entries, which refer to the IP address of the node device and its MAC address Correspondence, the CPU can quickly read the ARP entry from the cache table.
  • Step S106 The forwarding chip monitors whether the number of ARP entries in the ARP cache table reaches a preset threshold.
  • step S107 is executed.
  • Step S107 The forwarding chip sends a cache completion notification to the CPU, so that the CPU can read the ARP entry in the ARP cache table after receiving the cache completion notification.
  • an ARP database is configured for the CPU, and ARP entries are stored in the ARP database.
  • the ARP database is used for calling and viewing by the upper application layer; in the same node device, the ARP entries stored in the ARP database need to be converted with ARP.
  • the ARP entries stored in the table are the same, so after the ARP entry is written in the ARP forwarding table, the ARP database needs to be updated synchronously.
  • the CPU is used to read the ARP cache table and write it to the ARP database, thereby realizing data synchronization between the ARP database and the ARP forwarding table.
  • the forwarding chip monitors in real time whether the number of ARP entries stored in the ARP cache table reaches a preset threshold. When the monitoring reaches the preset threshold, it means that the ARP entries in the ARP cache table can be read. At this time, a cache completion notification is sent to the CPU. After receiving the cache completion notification, the CPU reads the ARP entry in the ARP cache table, packs it and sends it to the ARP protocol to generate the ARP table, and at the same time, after the CPU read is completed, it forwards The chip resets the ARP cache table for rewriting.
  • the ARP cache table can be a cache area allocated in the shared memory.
  • the buffer is provided with a write pointer.
  • the forwarding chip stops the write operation and sends a buffer completion notification to the CPU. After the CPU receives the buffer completion notification, it reads from the buffer Get the ARP entry, and the forwarding chip resets the write pointer at the same time.
  • Fig. 5 is another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in Fig. 5, in some embodiments, before step S104, the following steps are further included.
  • Step S103' the forwarding chip queries whether the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device has been stored in the ARP forwarding table according to the IP address of the target device.
  • step S104 is executed; when the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device is already stored in the ARP forwarding table, the process ends.
  • the forwarding chip After the forwarding chip broadcasts the ARP request message for the first time, if it has not received the ARP response message within the preset time period, it will broadcast the ARP request message again until it receives it. ARP response message is not reached. Therefore, the subsequent forwarding chip may receive multiple ARP response messages, and the multiple ARP response messages received are the same. If the ARP response message is written to In the ARP forwarding table, it will inevitably cause resource occupation and reduce the ARP learning rate. In this embodiment of the application, each time the ARP response message is written into the ARP forwarding table (step S104), it is checked whether the MAC address corresponding to the device IP address contained in the ARP response message has been stored in the ARP forwarding table. In this way, it is possible to avoid repeatedly performing write operations multiple times, thereby avoiding a decrease in the ARP learning rate.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 6, the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S201 The forwarding chip receives an ARP request message, and the ARP request message includes the IP address of the target device.
  • Step S202 When the IP address of the device to which it belongs is the IP address of the target device, the forwarding chip generates an ARP response message, and the ARP response message includes: the MAC address of the device to which it belongs.
  • Step S203 The forwarding chip feeds back the response message to the source sending device of the ARP request message.
  • steps S201 to S203 correspond to steps S103 and S104.
  • steps S103 and step S104 please refer to the description of step S103 and step S104, which will not be repeated here.
  • the forwarding chip of the node device when a node device needs to perform ARP learning, directly generates an ARP request message and broadcasts it, and after the forwarding chip receives the ARP response message, the ARP response message is directly generated by the forwarding chip.
  • the forwarding chip writes the ARP forwarding table without CPU processing, thus avoiding the CPU uploading and sending, thereby increasing the ARP learning rate and reducing the probability of data packet loss, making it more suitable for 5G bearer requirements.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of another ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 7, in some embodiments, when the forwarding chip determines that the IP address of the device to which it belongs is not the IP address of the target device , Execute the following step S204.
  • Step S204 The forwarding chip forwards the ARP request message to the forwarding chip of its neighboring node.
  • the source sending device when broadcasts the ARP request message, it only broadcasts the ARP request message to its neighboring node devices, and does not broadcast the entire LAN.
  • the neighboring node devices are receiving ARP After the request message, when it is determined that the IP address of the device to which it belongs is not the IP address of the target device, it will broadcast again to broadcast the ARP request message to its own neighboring node devices.
  • FIG. 8 is a signaling diagram of the interaction process of the ARP learning method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 8, the interaction process involves the upstream node device and the downstream node device, and specifically involves the forwarding chip in the upstream node device and the downstream node device. , Specifically including the following steps.
  • Step 1 The forwarding chip of the source node device receives the data message.
  • Step 2 The forwarding chip of the source node device performs message rate suppression.
  • Step 3 The forwarding chip of the source node device determines the IP address of the target device.
  • Step 4 When the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the target device is not stored in the ARP forwarding table, the forwarding chip of the source node device generates an ARP request message and broadcasts it.
  • Step 5 The forwarding chip of the target device receives the ARP request message, and the ARP request message includes the IP address of the target device.
  • Step 6 The forwarding chip of the target device generates an ARP response message, and the ARP response message includes: the MAC address of the device to which it belongs.
  • Step 7 The forwarding chip of the target device feeds back the response message to the source sending device (source node device) of the ARP request message.
  • Step 8 The forwarding chip of the source node device receives the ARP response message fed back by the target device.
  • Step 9 The forwarding chip of the source node device writes the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address into the ARP forwarding table.
  • Step 10 The forwarding chip of the source node device writes the IP address of the target device and its corresponding MAC address into the ARP cache table.
  • Step 11 The forwarding chip of the source node device monitors whether the number of ARP entries in the ARP cache table reaches a preset threshold.
  • Step 12 The forwarding chip of the source node device sends a cache completion notification to the CPU, so that the CPU can read the ARP entry in the ARP cache table after receiving the cache completion notification.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a forwarding chip, in which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed, the forwarding chip implements the ARP learning method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a node device, including: a CPU and the forwarding chip provided in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the node devices provided in the embodiments of the present application are devices with routing functions, such as routers and switches.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the ARP learning method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Such software may be distributed on a computer-readable medium, and the computer-readable medium may include a computer storage medium (or non-transitory medium) and a communication medium (or transitory medium).
  • the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile data implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data).
  • Computer storage media include but are not limited to random access memory (Random Access Memory, referred to as RAM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), and electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • communication media usually contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery media. .

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种ARP学习方法，包括：转发芯片确定目标设备的IP地址；当ARP转发表中未存储有所述目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，所述转发芯片生成ARP请求报文并进行广播，所述ARP请求报文包括所述目标设备的IP地址；所述转发芯片接收所述目标设备反馈的ARP回应报文，所述ARP回应报文包括所述目标设备的MAC地址；所述转发芯片将所述目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至所述ARP转发表中。本申请还提供了一种节点设备和计算机可读介质。

Description

ARP学习方法和节点设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201911348106.X、申请日为2019年12月24日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及计算机技术领域，特别涉及ARP学习方法、节点设备及计算机可读介质。
背景技术
在5G网路建设中，承载网需要提供超大带宽、超低时延的传输通道，并且，承载网业务通过使用快速转发技术，而使得网络连接的复杂度降低，从而使得业务路径更易维护，进而能够支撑5G网路海量连接下的灵活调度。
承载网在进行数据报文的转发时，需要用到地址解析协议(Address Resolution Protocol，简称为ARP)，ARP中存储有网络之间互连的协议(Internet Protocol，简称为IP)地址与介质访问控制(Media Access Control，简称为MAC)地址的对应关系，上游设备在接收到数据报文后，根据数据报文中所包含的目的IP地址，从ARP中查询出目的IP地址对应的MAC地址，进而根据该MAC地址，将数据报文转发至该MAC地址对应的下游设备。
在实际应用中，ARP中所存储的IP地址与MAC地址的对应关系需要通过学习获取，然而，现有的ARP学习方法速率较低，这导致在承载网需要进行快速转发时，ARP无法及时获取到目的IP地址与MAC地址的对应关系，从而导致容易出现数据丢包的问题，无法满足5G承载要求。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种ARP学习方法、节点设备及计算机可读介质。
本申请实施例提供了一种ARP学习方法，包括：转发芯片确定目标设备的IP地址；当ARP转发表中未存储有所述目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，所述转发芯片生成ARP请求报文并进行广播，所述ARP请求报文包括所述目标设备的IP地址；所述转发芯片接收所述目标设备反馈的ARP回应报文，所述ARP回应报文包括所述目标设备的MAC地址；所述转发芯片将所述目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至所述ARP转发表中。
本申请实施例还提供了另一种ARP学习方法，包括：转发芯片接收ARP请求报文，所述ARP请求报文包括目标设备的IP地址；当自身所属设备的IP地址为所述目标设备的IP地址时，所述转发芯片生成ARP回应报文，所述ARP回应报文包括：自身所属设备的MAC地址；所述转发芯片将所述回应报文反馈至所述ARP请求报文的源发送设备。
本申请实施例还提供了一种转发芯片，其中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被执行时，使得所述转发芯片实现如上述实施例所提供的ARP学习方法中的步骤。
本申请还提供一种节点设备，包括：CPU和上述实施例所提供的转发芯片。
本申请还提供一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述实施例所提供的ARP学习方法中的步骤。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请实施例的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的限制。通过参考附图对详细示例实施例进行描述，以上和其他特征和优点对本领域技术人员将变得更加显而易见，在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种ARP学习方法的流程图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的另一种ARP学习方法的流程图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的又一种ARP学习方法的流程图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的再一种ARP学习方法的流程图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的还一种ARP学习方法的流程图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的还一种ARP学习方法的流程图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的还一种ARP学习方法的流程图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种ARP学习方法的交互过程图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图对本发明提供的ARP学习方法、转发芯片、节点设备及计算机可读介质进行详细描述。
在下文中将参考附图更充分地描述示例实施例，但是所述示例实施例可以以不同形式来体现且不应当被解释为限于本文阐述的实施例。反之，提供这些实施例的目的在于使本申请透彻和完整，并将使本领域技术人员充分理解本申请的范围。
本文所使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例，且不意欲限制本申请。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个”和“该”也意欲包括复数形式，除非上下文另外清楚指出。还将理解的是，当本说明书中使用术语“包括”和/或“由……制成”时，指定存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其群组。
将理解的是，虽然本文可以使用术语第一、第二等来描述各种元件/指令/请求，但这些元件/指令/请求不应当受限于这些术语。这些术语仅用于区分一个元件元件/指令/请求和另一元件元件/指令/请求。
除非另外限定，否则本文所用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)的含义与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同。还将理解，诸如那些在常用字典中限定的那些术语应当被解释为具有与其在相关技术以及本申请的背景下的含义一致的含义，且将不解释为具有理想化或过度形式上的含义，除非本文明确如此限定。
本申请提供的ARP的学习方法，用于对节点设备中的ARP进行完善， 节点设备包括CPU和转发芯片，本申请下述方法将基于节点设备中的转发芯片实现。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种ARP学习方法的流程图。如图1所示，该方法包括：
步骤S101、转发芯片确定目标设备的IP地址。
本申请中，目标设备是指转发芯片即将将数据报文转发至的下一跳节点所对应的设备(也可称为下一跳设备)，目标设备的确定可基于现有技术中的任意一种通信链路获取方式来确定出，例如，可以是当前节点设备通过查询路由表确定出，还可以是数据报文中预先已设置好通信链路，当前节点设备直接从数据报文中获知目标设备。
步骤S102、当ARP转发表中未存储有目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，转发芯片生成ARP请求报文并进行广播。
转发芯片在确定出目标设备的IP地址后，根据目标设备的IP地址对ARP转发表中进行查询，以确定出当前的ARP转发表中是否存储有目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址，当确定出当前的ARP转发表中还未存储有目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，则说明ARP转发表需要学习该目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址。在本申请实施例中，ARP转发表在进行学习时，由转发芯片直接生成ARP请求报文，并进行广播，该ARP请求报文中包括目标设备的IP地址。
需要说明的是，ARP转发表可以设置于转发芯片内，也可以设置在转发芯片之外且能够供转发芯片直接调用和更改，其内存储有不同节点设备的IP地址以及各IP地址所对应的MAC地址。
步骤S103、转发芯片接收目标设备反馈的ARP回应报文。
转发芯片在将ARP请求报文进行广播之后，网络中与当前节点设备邻近的其他节点设备的转发芯片接收该ARP请求报文，并验证自身的IP地址是否与该ARP请求报文中所包含的目标设备的IP地址一致，当验证出一致时，则确定出自身即为目标设备；此时，目标设备中的转发芯片向当前节点设备反馈ARP回应报文，该ARP回应报文中包括自身的MAC地址，也即目标设备的MAC地址。
步骤S104、转发芯片将目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入 至ARP转发表中。
当前节点设备的转发芯片在接收到ARP回应报文后，提取出ARP回应报文中所包含的MAC地址，并将目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至ARP转发表中。
本申请实施例提供的ARP学习方法，当节点设备需要进行ARP学习时，由节点设备的转发芯片直接生成ARP请求报文，并广播，并且，在转发芯片接收到ARP回应报文后，直接由转发芯片来进行ARP转发表的写入，无需经过CPU的处理，从而避免了CPU进行上传下送，进而提高了ARP学习速率，降低了数据丢包的概率，从而更适用于5G承载的要求。
在一些实施例中，当ARP转发表中存储有目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址时，转发芯片根据目标设备的IP地址对应的MAC地址，将数据报文发送至目标设备。
图2为本申请提供的另一种ARP学习方法，如图2所示，在一些实施例中，在步骤S101之前，还包括以下步骤。
步骤S100、转发芯片接收数据报文。
当有数据报文需要转发时，节点设备的转发芯片接收数据报文，该数据报文中包括目的设备的IP地址，该目的设备是指该数据报文将要传送至的终点设备。
对应的，此时步骤S101具体包括：
步骤S1011、判断目的设备是否为自身所属设备的直连路由设备。
当判断出目的设备为自身所属设备的直连路由设备时，则执行下述步骤S1012；当判断出目的设备不为自身所属设备的直连路由设备时，则执行下述步骤S1013。
步骤S1012、转发芯片将目的设备的IP地址作为目标设备的IP地址。
步骤S1013、转发芯片根据目的设备的IP地址查询预先存储的路由表，以查询出下一跳节点所对应设备的IP地址，并将查询出的下一跳节点所对应设备的IP地址作为目标设备的IP地址。
直连路由是一种路由器学习路由信息、生成并维护路由表的方法，直连路由是由链路层协议发现的，一般指去往路由器的接口地址所在网段的路径，该路径信息不需要网络管理员维护，也不需要路由器通过某种算法 进行计算获得，只要该接口处于活动状态(Active)，路由器就会把通向该网段的路由信息填写到路由表中去，直连路由无法使路由器获取与其不直接相连的路由信息。
本申请实施例中，转发芯片在确定目标设备的IP地址时，首先判断目的设备是否为自身所属设备的直连路由设备，当判断出为直连路由设备时，则说明目的设备可直接进行通信，此后执行步骤S1012，以将该目的设备的IP地址直接作为目标设备的IP地址；而当判断出不为直连路由时，则说明目的设备需要经过其他节点的转发，此后执行步骤S1013，以通过路由表查询出下一跳节点的设备，并将查询出的下一跳节点所对应的设备的IP地址作为目标设备的IP地址。
图3为本申请实施例提供的再一种ARP学习方法，如图3所示，在一些实施例中，在步骤S102之前，还包括以下步骤。
步骤S101’、转发芯片进行报文速率抑制，以控制ARP请求报文的发送速率。
本申请实施例中，在转发芯片生成并发送ARP请求报文之前，还进行报文速率抑制，报文速率抑制用于控制转发芯片向外发出ARP请求报文的速率，从而防止对下游节点设备造成ARP攻击。具体转发芯片如何进行报文速率抑制，可基于已有的任何一种方式进行，本申请实施例不做具体限定。
图4为本申请实施例提供的再一种ARP学习方法的流程图，如图4所示，在一些实施例中，在步骤S104之后，还包括：
步骤S105、转发芯片将目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入ARP缓存表。
ARP缓存表可设置于转发芯片内，也可设置在转发芯片外且能够被转发芯片直接调用和更改，ARP缓存表用于缓存ARP条目，该ARP条目是指节点设备的IP地址及其MAC地址的对应关系，CPU能够从缓存表中快速读取到ARP条目。
步骤S106、转发芯片监控ARP缓存表中的ARP条目的数量是否达到预设阈值。
当监控到ARP缓存表中的ARP条目的数量达到预设阈值时，执行步 骤S107。
步骤S107、转发芯片向CPU发送缓存完成通知，以供CPU在接收到缓存完成通知后，读取ARP缓存表中的ARP条目。
一般而言，针对CPU配置有ARP数据库，ARP数据库中存储ARP条目，该ARP数据库用于供上层的应用层进行调用和查看；在同一节点设备内，ARP数据库中存储的ARP条目需与ARP转发表中存储的ARP条目相同，因此在ARP转发表完成ARP条目写入后，需要对ARP数据库进行数据同步更新。在本申请实施例中，利用CPU读取ARP缓存表并写入至ARP数据库，从而实现ARP数据库与ARP转发表的数据同步。
本申请实施例中，转发芯片实时监控ARP缓存表中所存储的ARP条目的数量是否达到预设阈值，当监控到达到预设阈值时，则说明ARP缓存表中的ARP条目可被读取，此时向CPU发送缓存完成通知，CPU在接收到该缓存完成通知后，读取ARP缓存表中的ARP条目，并打包发送给ARP协议，生成ARP表，同时，在CUP读取完成后，转发芯片将ARP缓存表复位，以便进行再次写入。
本实施例中，通过控制ARP缓存表中ARP条目的数量的预设阈值，即控制CPU读取缓冲区的时间间隔，能够实现对ARP学习速度的限制。
作为一种ARP缓存表的实现方式，该ARP缓存表可为在共享内存中分配的一个缓存区，该缓冲区设置有写指针，转发芯片每向ARP缓存表中写入一条ARP条目，该缓冲区的写指针就加1，当缓冲区的写指针等于缓冲区的深度时，转发芯片停止写操作，并向CPU发送缓存完成通知，CPU接收到该缓存完成通知后，从该缓冲区中读取ARP条目，同时转发芯片将写指针复位。
图5为本申请实施例提供的还一种ARP学习方法，如图5所示，在一些实施例中，在步骤S104之前，还包括以下步骤。
步骤S103’、转发芯片根据目标设备的IP地址查询ARP转发表中是否已经存储有目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址。
当查询出ARP转发表中未存储有目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，执行步骤S104；当查询出ARP转发表中已存储有目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，结束本方法流程。
在实际应用中，转发芯片在第一次将ARP请求报文广播出去之后，若预设时间段内还未接收到ARP回应报文，其将进行再次的ARP请求报文的广播，直至接收到ARP回应报文为止，因此，后续转发芯片可能会接收到多个ARP回应报文，并且，所接收到的多个ARP回应报文是相同的，若每次都将ARP回应报文写入至ARP转发表中，则其势必会造成资源占用，并导致ARP学习速率降低。本申请实施例通过在每次将ARP回应报文写入到ARP转发表(步骤S104)之前，查询ARP转发表中是否已存储有ARP回应报文中所包含的设备IP地址所对应的MAC地址，从而能够避免多次反复执行写操作，进而能避免ARP学习速率的降低。
图6为本申请实施例提供的还一种ARP学习方法的流程图，如图6所示，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S201、转发芯片接收ARP请求报文，ARP请求报文包括目标设备的IP地址。
步骤S202、当自身所属设备的IP地址为目标设备的IP地址时，转发芯片生成ARP回应报文，ARP回应报文包括：自身所属设备的MAC地址。
步骤S203、转发芯片将回应报文反馈至ARP请求报文的源发送设备。
本申请实施例中，步骤S201至S203同步骤S103和S104对应，具体请参照步骤S103和步骤S104的描述，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的ARP学习方法，当节点设备需要进行ARP学习时，由节点设备的转发芯片直接生成ARP请求报文，并广播，并且，在转发芯片接收到ARP回应报文后，直接由转发芯片来进行ARP转发表的写入，无需经过CPU的处理，从而避免了CPU进行上传下送，进而提高了ARP学习速率，降低了数据丢包的概率，从而更适用于5G承载的要求。
图7为本申请实施例提供的还一种ARP学习方法的流程图，如图7所示，在一些实施例中，当转发芯片判断出自身所属设备的IP地址不为目标设备的IP地址时，执行下述步骤S204。
步骤S204、转发芯片将ARP请求报文转发至其邻近节点的转发芯片。
在实际应用中，源发送设备在将ARP请求报文进行广播时，只是将ARP请求报文广播至其邻近的节点设备，并不会进行全局域网的广播，当邻近的节点设备在接收到ARP请求报文后，当判断出自身所属设备的IP 地址不为目标设备的IP地址时，则进行再次的广播，以将ARP请求报文广播至其自身邻近的节点设备。
图8为本申请实施例提供的ARP学习方法的交互过程信令图，如图8所述，该交互过程涉及上游节点设备和下游节点设备，具体涉及上游节点设备和下游节点设备中的转发芯片，具体包括以下步骤。
步骤1、源节点设备的转发芯片接收数据报文。
步骤2、源节点设备的转发芯片进行报文速率抑制。
步骤3、源节点设备的转发芯片确定目标设备的IP地址。
步骤4、当ARP转发表中未存储有目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，源节点设备的转发芯片生成ARP请求报文并进行广播。
步骤5、目标设备的转发芯片接收ARP请求报文，ARP请求报文包括目标设备的IP地址。
步骤6、目标设备的转发芯片生成ARP回应报文，ARP回应报文包括：自身所属设备的MAC地址。
步骤7、目标设备的转发芯片将回应报文反馈至ARP请求报文的源发送设备(源节点设备)。
步骤8、源节点设备的转发芯片接收目标设备反馈的ARP回应报文。
步骤9、源节点设备的转发芯片将目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至ARP转发表中。
步骤10、源节点设备的转发芯片将目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入ARP缓存表。
步骤11、源节点设备的转发芯片监控ARP缓存表中的ARP条目的数量是否达到预设阈值。
步骤12、源节点设备的转发芯片向CPU发送缓存完成通知，以供CPU在接收到缓存完成通知后，读取ARP缓存表中的ARP条目。
对于上述各步骤的具体描述，可参见前述实施例中相应内容，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种转发芯片，转发芯片中存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被执行时，使得转发芯片实现本申请实施例所提供的ARP学习方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种节点设备，包括：CPU和上述实施例所提供的转发芯片。
在一些实施例中，本申请实施例所提供的节点设备为具有路由功能的设备，例如路由器、交换机等。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其中，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现本申请实施例所提供的ARP学习方法。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、系统、装置中的功能模块/单元可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块/单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由若干物理组件合作执行。某些物理组件或所有物理组件可以被实施为由处理器，如中央处理器、数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称为RAM)、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，简称为ROM)、电可擦写可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，简称为EEPROM)、闪存或其他存储器技术、只读光盘存储器(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，简称为CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(Digital Versatile Disc，简称为DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。
本文已经公开了示例实施例，并且虽然采用了具体术语，但它们仅用 于并仅应当被解释为一般说明性含义，并且不用于限制的目的。在一些实例中，对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，除非另外明确指出，否则可单独使用与特定实施例相结合描述的特征、特性和/或元素，或可与其他实施例相结合描述的特征、特性和/或元件组合使用。因此，本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离由所附的权利要求阐明的本申请的范围的情况下，可进行各种形式和细节上的改变。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种ARP学习方法，包括：
    转发芯片确定目标设备的IP地址；
    当ARP转发表中未存储有所述目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，所述转发芯片生成ARP请求报文并进行广播，所述ARP请求报文包括所述目标设备的IP地址；
    所述转发芯片接收所述目标设备反馈的ARP回应报文，所述ARP回应报文包括所述目标设备的MAC地址；
    所述转发芯片将所述目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至所述ARP转发表中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述转发芯片确定目标设备的IP地址的步骤之前，还包括：
    所述转发芯片接收数据报文，所述数据报文包括：目的设备的IP地址；
    所述转发芯片确定目标设备的IP地址的步骤包括：
    所述转发芯片判断所述目的设备是否为自身所属设备的直连路由设备；
    当判断出所述目的设备为自身所属设备的直连路由设备时，则所述转发芯片将所述目的设备的IP地址作为所述目标设备的IP地址。
    当判断出所述目的设备不为自身所属设备的直连路由设备时，则所述转发芯片根据所述目的设备的IP地址查询预先存储的路由表，以查询出下一跳节点所对应设备的IP地址，并将查询出的下一跳节点所对应设备的IP地址作为所述目标设备的IP地址。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述转发芯片将所述目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至所述ARP转发表中的步骤之后，还包括：
    所述转发芯片将所述目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入ARP缓存表；
    所述转发芯片监控所述ARP缓存表中的ARP条目的数量是否达到预设阈值；
    当监控到所述ARP缓存表中的ARP条目的数量达到预设阈值时，所述转发芯片向CPU发送缓存完成通知，以供所述CPU在接收到所述缓存完成通知后，读取所述ARP缓存表中的ARP条目。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述转发芯片将所述目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至所述ARP转发表中的步骤之前还包括:
    所述转发芯片根据所述目标设备的IP地址查询所述ARP转发表中是否已经存储有所述目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址；
    当查询出所述ARP转发表中未存储有所述目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，所述转发芯片将所述目标设备的IP地址及其对应的MAC地址写入至所述ARP转发表中。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，当ARP转发表中存储有所述目标设备的IP地址所对应的MAC地址时，所述转发芯片根据所述目标设备的IP地址对应的MAC地址，将数据报文发送至所述目标设备。
  6. 一种ARP学习方法，包括：
    转发芯片接收ARP请求报文，所述ARP请求报文包括目标设备的IP地址；
    当自身所属设备的IP地址为所述目标设备的IP地址时，所述转发芯片生成ARP回应报文，所述ARP回应报文包括：自身所属设备的MAC地址；
    所述转发芯片将所述回应报文反馈至所述ARP请求报文的源发送设备。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，当自身所属设备的IP地址不为所述目标设备的IP地址时，所述转发芯片将所述ARP请求报文转发至 其邻近节点的转发芯片。
  8. 一种转发芯片，其中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被执行时，使得所述转发芯片实现如权利要求1-7任一所述的方法。
  9. 一种节点设备，包括：如上述权利要求8中所述转发芯片和CPU。
  10. 一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-7任一所述的方法。
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