WO2021143417A1 - 一种压气机、转子系统及微型燃气轮机 - Google Patents

一种压气机、转子系统及微型燃气轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143417A1
WO2021143417A1 PCT/CN2020/135903 CN2020135903W WO2021143417A1 WO 2021143417 A1 WO2021143417 A1 WO 2021143417A1 CN 2020135903 W CN2020135903 W CN 2020135903W WO 2021143417 A1 WO2021143417 A1 WO 2021143417A1
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Prior art keywords
thrust
housing
air
stator
rotor
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2020/135903
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
靳普
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TXR S Technology Investment Group Co Ltd
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TXR S Technology Investment Group Co Ltd
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Application filed by TXR S Technology Investment Group Co Ltd filed Critical TXR S Technology Investment Group Co Ltd
Priority to US17/625,343 priority Critical patent/US20220243651A1/en
Priority to EP20913905.4A priority patent/EP3964714A4/en
Priority to JP2022507656A priority patent/JP2022544153A/ja
Priority to KR1020227009497A priority patent/KR20220044848A/ko
Publication of WO2021143417A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143417A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/06—Arrangements of bearings; Lubricating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/18—Control of working fluid flow by bleeding, bypassing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/056—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/056—Bearings
    • F04D29/057—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/403—Casings; Connections of working fluid especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/5806—Cooling the drive system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0513—Axial thrust balancing hydrostatic; hydrodynamic thrust bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2210/00—Working fluids
    • F05D2210/10—Kind or type
    • F05D2210/12—Kind or type gaseous, i.e. compressible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/80—Size or power range of the machines
    • F05D2250/82—Micromachines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of compressors, in particular to a compressor, a rotor system and a micro gas turbine.
  • Compressor is a component that uses high-speed rotating blades to do work on gas (mostly air) to increase gas pressure.
  • the existing compressor has the following defects: the compressor is driven by a motor, and the rotor of the motor will generate a lot of heat. When the temperature of the rotor exceeds the use temperature of the permanent magnet material, demagnetization will occur, the efficiency of the motor will be significantly reduced, the life of the motor will be affected, and the reliability will not be Effective guarantee.
  • the structural arrangement of the existing compressor is unreasonable, and the cooling method is mostly to install a cooling fan on the rotor, which increases the number of parts and the difficulty of the process, and brings about the problems of large volume, high heat generation, and difficulty in heat dissipation.
  • the level of the motor temperature directly affects In order to improve the service life of the motor, a reasonable cooling method and cooling structure are the guarantee for the service life of the motor.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compressor, a rotor system and a micro gas turbine, which can solve the technical problems of the existing compressors of complex structure, large volume and difficult heat dissipation.
  • a compressor including: a rotor, a stator, a coil, a casing, an impeller, and at least one main air passage;
  • stator and the coil are sleeved on the rotor, the stator and the coil are covered with the casing, the casing surrounds the end of the compressor to form a high-pressure cavity, and the impeller is sleeved at the end of the rotor to face
  • the air intake is arranged, the main air passage is arranged around the stator, and the outlet at the end of the main air passage is connected to a high-pressure air cavity through the impeller.
  • the housing includes a first housing, a second housing, and a third housing, and the main airway includes the first airway or/and the third airway;
  • the stator and the coil are covered with the first housing, and the stator is fixed to the first housing.
  • the front end and the end of the first housing are respectively provided with a first front end cover and a first rear end cover, and the second The housing is arranged around the first housing, the second end of the second housing is provided with a second end cover, the third housing is provided at the end of the compressor, and the second end cover encloses the high-pressure cavity;
  • the cavity between the first housing and the second housing, and the cavity between the first back end cover and the second end cover form the first air passage
  • the third air passage axially penetrates the stator.
  • the compressor further includes a second airway
  • the gap between the stator and the coil and the outer wall of the rotor, the gap between the stator and the coil and the first front end cover, and the gap between the stator and the coil and the first back end cover form the second air passage, and the second
  • the airway inlet is arranged at the front end of the first housing or on the first front end cover, and the outlet is arranged on the first rear end cover and communicates with the first airway or/and the third airway.
  • radial bearings are provided at both ends of the rotor to support the stator;
  • the radial bearing is one of a static pressure gas bearing, a dynamic pressure gas bearing, or a dynamic and static pressure mixed gas bearing.
  • annular rubber ring damper is sleeved on both ends of the radial bearing.
  • first thrust disc and a second thrust disc are provided at the air inlet end of the rotor.
  • Both thrust discs include a disc part and a sleeve part. The sleeve parts of the two thrust discs are fixed to the rotor in abutting connection, and the two thrust discs
  • a thrust groove is formed between the inner end surface of the disc and the outside of the sleeve portion, and a thrust bearing is arranged in the thrust groove;
  • the thrust bearing is an air bearing with mixed dynamic and static pressure
  • the thrust bearing includes a first thrust portion and a second thrust portion, the first thrust portion and the second thrust portion are arranged oppositely, and the inner end surface of the second thrust portion is provided with an annular air cavity which communicates with external air;
  • the first gap between the inner end surface of the disc and the outer end surface of the first thrust part communicates with the annular air cavity through the air hole, and the second gap between the inner end face of the second thrust disc and the outer end face of the second thrust part communicates with the annular air cavity through the air hole.
  • the third gap between the side wall of the inner ring and the side wall of the thrust groove communicates with the annular air cavity through an air hole, and an air inlet pipe is provided on the housing to communicate with the annular air cavity through an air inlet on the second thrust portion.
  • a spring damper or a rubber ring damper is provided between the outer end surface of the first thrust portion and the cover, and between the outer end surface of the second thrust portion and the housing;
  • a spring damper or a rubber ring damper is arranged between the inner end surface of the first thrust portion and the inner end surface of the second thrust portion.
  • the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion and the second thrust portion are provided with air grooves; or/and the two thrust plates are provided with air grooves on the surfaces opposite to the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion and the second thrust portion, respectively.
  • a rotor system including the above-mentioned compressor.
  • a micro gas turbine including the above-mentioned compressor.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the impeller, motor, and cooling structure of the compressor of the present invention are arranged on the same side, and the structure is compact; the main air passage of the present invention is arranged around the stator, and the structure is further optimized. There is no need to install a single main air inlet pipe. The quality of the whole machine is evenly distributed, which enhances the balance and stability.
  • the main airway air source of the compressor of the present invention can achieve air cooling effect; the external air-cooled air source can further cool the motor and dissipate heat; multiple gases can be combined into the air intake of the compressor turbine at the end, saving the amount of air intake ; There is no need to install an air-cooled fan on the shaft, the structure is simpler and the reliability is strong.
  • Both the thrust bearing and the radial bearing of the present invention adopt air bearings, which can ensure the high-speed and stable operation of the compressor; the provision of air grooves can realize the rapid flow of air in the bearing, which can conduct compressor gas and prevent air blockage. , Accumulation, flexible selection of static pressure or dynamic pressure mode according to the air source conditions, flexible use.
  • the thrust discs on both sides of the thrust groove of the present invention have low height, small turning volume, less consumables, relatively simple process, relatively uniform mass distribution, and better stability when the rotating shaft is highly rotated.
  • the compressor of the present invention can be used in any rotor system or micro gas turbine to provide high-pressure gas. It can solve the technical problems of complex structure, large volume and difficult heat dissipation of the rotor system or micro gas turbine.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compressor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the stator and coil structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the stator structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thrust bearing in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a compressor.
  • the compressor includes: a rotor 1, a stator 41, a coil 42, a casing, an impeller 2 and at least one main air passage; wherein, the stator 41 and the coil 42 are sleeved on the rotor 1.
  • the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with the casing.
  • the casing surrounds the end of the compressor to form a high-pressure cavity.
  • the impeller 2 is sleeved on the end of the rotor 1 and faces the intake air.
  • the main air passage surrounds the The stator 41 is provided, and the outlet at the end of the main air passage is connected to the high-pressure air cavity via the impeller 2.
  • the compressor impeller 2, the motor (stator 41, coil 42), and the cooling structure (main air passage) are arranged on the same side, and the structure is compact; the main air passage in this embodiment is arranged around the stator 41 to further optimize the structure , There is no need to set up a single main air inlet pipe, the surrounding arrangement makes the mass distribution of the whole machine even, and enhances the balance and stability.
  • the main airway includes a first airway P1 and a second airway P2.
  • the compressor includes a rotor 1, a stator 41, a coil 42, a first casing 31, a second casing 51, an impeller 2, a third casing 6;
  • the rotor 1 covers a setting element 41 and a coil 42 ,
  • the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with a first housing 31, and the stator 41 is fixed to the first housing 31.
  • the front and end of the first housing 31 are respectively provided with a first front end cover 32 and a first rear end cover 33;
  • the second shell 51 is arranged around the first shell 31, the second shell 51 is provided with a second end cover 52, and the third shell 6 is provided at the end of the compressor, and a high pressure cavity is enclosed between the second end cover 52;
  • the first air passage P1 includes a cavity between the first housing 31 and the second housing 51, and a cavity between the first rear end cover 33 and the second end cover 52.
  • the first air passage P1 is the main air intake airway;
  • the second air passage P2 includes the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and the outer wall of the rotor 1, the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and the first front end cover 32, and the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and the first back end cover 33;
  • second Airway P2 is an air-cooled airway.
  • the inlet of the second air passage P2 is arranged at the front end of the first housing 31 or on the first front end cover 32, the outlet is arranged on the first rear end cover 33, and the cold air flows into the first air passage through the outlet of the second air passage P2 P1;
  • the impeller 2 is sleeved at the end of the rotor 1, facing the air intake. There is a gap between the blades of the impeller 2 and the cone of the second end cover 52, so that as the rotor 1 rotates, the gas flows from the end of the first air passage P1 The gap between the flowing through the blades enters the high-pressure cavity after being compressed.
  • the main airway air source of the compressor can achieve air cooling effect; the external air-cooled air source can further cool the motor and dissipate heat; the two gases can finally be combined into the air intake of the compressor turbine, saving air intake Dosage: No need to install an air-cooled fan on the shaft, the structure is simpler and the reliability is strong.
  • the main air passage further includes a third air passage P3, which penetrates the stator 41 in the axial direction and merges into the first air passage P1.
  • the third air passage P3 can also be used as the main intake air passage, which can increase the air intake; since the third air passage P3 is close to the rotor 1, it has a good auxiliary cooling and heat dissipation effect.
  • the stator 41 includes a stator core 411.
  • the stator core 411 is cylindrical, and a through hole 4111 for the rotor is formed at the center of the cylindrical body; the stator core
  • the outer diameter side of the 411 is formed with a plurality of first winding separators 4112 extending along the axial and radial outer sides of the cylindrical body and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body.
  • the inner diameter side of the stator core 411 is formed along the cylindrical body.
  • a plurality of second winding separators 4113 extending axially and radially inwardly and evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cylinder form the through hole 4111 at one end of the second winding separator 4113 close to the center of the cylinder.
  • the first winding separator 4112 and the second winding separator 4113 are disposed opposite to each other on the outer diameter side and the inner diameter side of the cylinder.
  • Two adjacent first winding separators 4112 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder form an outer wire slot 4114, adjacent to each other.
  • the second winding separator 4113 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder form an inner wire slot 4115, the coil 42 is wound in the outer wire slot 4114 and the inner wire slot 4115 along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the coil 42 and the adjacent two second The winding separator 4113 constitutes a third air passage P3.
  • the stator core 411 may be formed by superimposing and pressing a plurality of silicon steel sheets 4116 with the same shape along the axial direction of the cylinder.
  • mesh air holes may be provided on the first front end cover and the first rear end cover.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a radial support structure, that is, a radial bearing 7 is provided on the rotor 1 to support the stator 41.
  • the first front end cover 32 and the first rear end cover 33 are close to the rotor 1 and an integrated support ring 34 is arranged around the rotor 1.
  • the radial bearing 7 is arranged between the support ring 34 and the rotor 1. between. Since the support ring 34 is fixed to the stator 41, the radial bearing 7 functions to support the stator 41.
  • the radial bearing 7 may be any one of a static pressure gas bearing, a dynamic pressure gas bearing, or a dynamic and static pressure mixed gas bearing.
  • the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 When it is set as a static pressure gas bearing, the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 have a predetermined radial gap in the radial direction.
  • An annular air cavity is provided between the outer circumference of the radial bearing 7 and the support ring 34, and the bottom of the annular air cavity A through hole that penetrates the annular air cavity and the radial gap is provided, and the support ring 34 is also provided with an air inlet hole that communicates the annular air cavity with an external air source.
  • the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 When it is set as a dynamic pressure gas bearing, the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 have a predetermined radial gap in the radial direction, and the inner diameter surface of the radial bearing 7 or the part where the radial bearing 7 is installed on the rotor 1 is provided with a dynamic pressure generating groove .
  • annular rubber ring dampers 84 are sleeved on both ends of the radial bearing 7 to ensure the stable support of the radial bearing 7.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides an axial support structure, that is, a thrust bearing 8 is provided on the rotor 1.
  • two thrust disks are provided at the intake end of the rotor 1, namely a first thrust disk 11 and a second thrust disk 12, and both the first thrust disk 11 and the second thrust disk 12 include disks.
  • the sleeve parts of the two thrust disks are butt-fixed on the rotor 1 and a thrust groove is formed between the inner end surfaces of the two thrust disks and the outside of the sleeve part, and a thrust bearing 8 is arranged in the thrust groove,
  • the top of the thrust bearing 8 protrudes from the thrust groove, and the two sides are respectively clamped by the cover 9 and the first front end cover 32, and the cover 9 and the first front end cover 32 are fixed.
  • the thrust bearing 8 is an air bearing with mixed dynamic and static pressure.
  • the thrust bearing 8 of this embodiment has a structure as shown in FIG. 4, including a first thrust portion 81 and a second thrust portion 82.
  • the first thrust portion 81 and the second thrust portion 82 are arranged oppositely, and the inner end surface of the second thrust portion 82
  • An annular air chamber 83 is opened, which communicates with external air; the gap S1 between the inner end surface of the first thrust plate 11 and the outer end surface of the first thrust portion 81 communicates with the annular air chamber 83 through the air hole, and the inner end surface of the second thrust plate 12 and
  • the gap S2 on the outer end surface of the second thrust portion communicates with the annular air cavity 83 through the air hole, and the gap S3 between the inner ring side wall of the second thrust portion 82 and the side wall of the thrust groove communicates with the annular air cavity 83 through the air hole.
  • An air inlet pipe is provided on the first front end cover 32 to communicate with an annular air cavity through an air inlet on the second thrust portion 82.
  • a spring damper 85 or an apron damper 84 is provided between the outer end surface of the first thrust portion 81 and the cover 9 and between the outer end surface of the second thrust portion 82 and the first front end cover 32 to absorb vibration energy, Play the role of a damper.
  • a spring damper 85 or an apron damper 84 is arranged between the inner end surface of the first thrust portion 81 and the inner end surface of the second thrust portion 82, which plays a role of absorbing energy and sealing gas.
  • air grooves are provided on the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion 81 and the second thrust portion 82; or/and air is provided on the surfaces of the two thrust plates opposite to the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion 81 and the second thrust portion 82, respectively. groove.
  • the provision of the air groove can realize the rapid flow of air in the bearing, which can not only conduct the compressor gas, but also prevent air blockage and accumulation.
  • the static pressure or dynamic pressure mode can be flexibly selected according to the air source condition, and the use is flexible; the thrust discs on both sides of the thrust groove are low in height, the turning amount is small, the consumables are less, the process is relatively simple, the mass distribution is relatively uniform, and the shaft is stable when the shaft is rotated. Sex is better.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a rotor system, and the rotor system applies the compressor with the above-mentioned structure.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a micro gas turbine, the micro gas turbine is applied with the compressor of the above structure, and the compressor is used to provide high pressure gas for the micro gas turbine.

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Abstract

一种压气机，压气机包括：转子（1）、定子（41）、线圈（42）、壳体、叶轮（2）以及至少一个主气道；其中，转子（1）上套设定子（41）及线圈（42），定子（41）及线圈（42）外罩设壳体，壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，叶轮（2）套设在转子（1）末端迎向进气设置，主气道环绕定子（41）设置，主气道末端的出口经叶轮（2）连接高压气腔。。本发明能够解决现有压气机结构复杂、体积大、散热难的技术问题。还公开了一种转子系统及微型燃气轮机。

Description

一种压气机、转子系统及微型燃气轮机 技术领域
本发明涉及压气机技术领域，尤其涉及一种压气机、转子系统及微型燃气轮机。
背景技术
压气机是利用高速旋转的叶片给气体(多为空气)作功以提高气体压力的部件。现有压气机存在以下缺陷：压气机采用电机驱动，电机转子转动会产生大量的热，转子温度超过永磁材料的使用温度后出现退磁，电机效率会明显降低，电机寿命受到影响，可靠性不能有效的保证。
现有压气机的结构布置不合理，冷却方式多为在转子上设置冷却风扇，增加了零部件数量和工艺难度，带来体积大、发热高、散热困难的问题，而电机温度的高低直接影响了电机使用寿命，合理的冷却方式和冷却结构是电机寿命的保障。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种压气机、转子系统及微型燃气轮机，其能够解决现有压气机结构复杂、体积大、散热难的技术问题。
本发明的技术方案如下：
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种压气机，包括：转子、定子、线圈、壳体、叶轮以及至少一个主气道；
其中，所述转子上套设所述定子及线圈，所述定子及线圈外罩设所述壳体，所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮套设在转子末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕所述定子设置，所述主气道末端的出口经所述叶轮连接高压气腔。
进一步的，所述壳体包括第一壳体、第二壳体以及第三壳体，所 述主气道包括第一气道或/和第三气道；
所述定子及线圈外罩设所述第一壳体，且定子与第一壳体固定，所述第一壳体的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖和第一后端盖，所述第二壳体环绕第一壳体设置，第二壳体末端设置第二端盖，所述第三壳体设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖之间围成所述高压腔体；
所述第一壳体和第二壳体之间的腔体、第一后端盖和第二端盖之间的腔体形成所述第一气道；
所述第三气道轴向贯穿所述定子。
进一步的，所述压气机还包括第二气道；
所述定子及线圈和转子外壁之前的间隙、定子及线圈和第一前端盖之间的间隙、定子及线圈和第一后端盖之间的间隙形成所述第二气道，所述第二气道入口设置在第一壳体的前端或者设置在第一前端盖上，出口设置在第一后端盖上且与第一气道或/和第三气道连通。
进一步的，所述转子两端设置径向轴承支撑所述定子；
所述径向轴承为静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或者动静压混合气体轴承中的一种。
进一步的，所述径向轴承的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器。
进一步的，所述转子进气端设置第一推力盘以及第二推力盘，两个推力盘均包括盘部和套筒部，两个推力盘的套筒部对接固定在转子上，两个推力盘内端面和套筒部外部之间形成止推槽，所述止推槽内设置推力轴承；
所述推力轴承顶部凸出于止推槽的部分两侧分别由盖体和壳体卡住，所述盖体和壳体固定连接。
进一步的，所述推力轴承为动静压混合的空气轴承；
所述推力轴承包括第一推力部和第二推力部，第一推力部和第二推力部相对设置，第二推力部的内侧端面开设环形气腔，该环形气腔 连通外部气体；第一推力盘内侧端面和第一推力部外侧端面的第一间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力盘内侧端面和第二推力部外侧端面的第二间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力部的内圈侧壁和推力槽侧壁之间的第三间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，所述壳体上设置进气管经第二推力部上的进气道连通环形气腔。
进一步的，所述第一推力部外端面和盖体之间、第二推力部外端面和壳体之间均设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器；
或/和，所述第一推力部内端面和第二推力部内端面之间设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器。
进一步的，所述第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面设置空气槽；或/和两推力盘上分别与第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面相对的面上设置空气槽。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种转子系统，包括上述的压气机。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种微型燃气轮机，包括上述的压气机。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明压气机的叶轮、电机、冷却结构设置在同侧，结构紧凑；本发明的主气道环绕定子设置，进一步优化结构，不需要设置单根主进气管道，该环绕式设置使整机质量分布均匀，增强了平衡和稳定性。
2、本发明压气机的主气道气源可起到风冷效果；外接风冷气源可进一步为电机降温散热；多路气体最后均可合为压气机涡轮的进气，节约进气用量；不需要在轴上加装风冷风扇，结构更简单，可靠性强。
3、本发明的推力轴承和径向轴承均采用空气轴承，能够保证压气机的高速稳定运行；设置空气槽能够实现轴承内空气的快速通流，既可传导压气机气体，又可防止空气堵塞、聚积，根据气源状况灵活选择静压或动压模式，使用灵活。
4、本发明的止推槽两侧的推力盘高度低，加工时车削量小、耗材少、工艺相对简单，质量分布相对均匀，转轴高度旋转时稳定性更好。
5、本发明的压气机可用于任一转子系统或微型燃气轮机，用于提供高压气体，其能够解决转子系统或微型燃气轮机结构复杂、体积大、散热难的技术问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中压气机的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例中定子和线圈结构剖视图。
图3是本发明实施例中定子结构示意图。
图4是本发明实施例中推力轴承的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的了解本发明的技术方案，下面结合具体实施例、说明书附图对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明实施例提供一种压气机。
如图1所示，压气机包括：转子1、定子41、线圈42、壳体、叶轮2以及至少一个主气道；其中，所述转子1上套设所述定子41及线圈42，所述定子41及线圈42外罩设所述壳体，所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮2套设在转子1末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕所述定子41设置，所述主气道末端的出口经所述叶轮2连接高压气腔。
本实施例中，压气机的叶轮2、电机(定子41、线圈42)、冷却结构(主气道)设置在同侧，结构紧凑；本实施例的主气道环绕定子41设置，进一步优化结构，不需要设置单根主进气管道，该环绕式设置使整机质量分布均匀，增强了平衡和稳定性。
在本发明实施例提供的一种压气机具体结构中，主气道包括第一气道P1和第二气道P2。
如图1所示，压气机包括转子1、定子41、线圈42、第一壳体31、第二壳体51、叶轮2、第三壳体6；转子1上套设定子41及线圈42，定子41及线圈42外罩设第一壳体31，且定子41与第一壳体31固定，第一壳体31的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖32和第一后端盖33；第二壳体51环绕第一壳体31设置，第二壳体51末端设置第二端盖52，第三壳体6设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖52之间围成高压腔体；
第一气道P1包括第一壳体31和第二壳体51之间的腔体、第一后端盖33和第二端盖52之间的腔体，第一气道P1为进气主气道；
第二气道P2包括定子41及线圈42和转子1外壁之间间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一前端盖32的间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一后端盖33的间隙；第二气道P2为风冷气道。第二气道P2入口设置在第一壳体31的前端或者设置在第一前端盖32上，出口设置在第一后端盖33上，冷风经第二气道P2出口汇入第一气道P1；
叶轮2套设在转子1末端，迎向进气设置，叶轮2的叶片与第二端盖52的锥形筒之间留有缝隙，以便随着转子1转动，气体自第一气道P1末端流经叶片之间的间隙经压缩后进入所述高压腔体。
本实施例中，压气机的主气道气源可起到风冷效果；外接风冷气源可进一步为电机降温散热；两路气体最后均可合为压气机涡轮的进气，节约进气用量；不需要在轴上加装风冷风扇，结构更简单，可靠性强。
作为优选，本发明实施例提供的一种压气机具体结构中，主气道还包括第三气道P3，第三气道P3沿轴向贯穿定子41，并汇入第一气道P1。第三气道P3也可作为进气主气道，可以增加进气量；由于第三气道P3靠近转子1，具有良好的辅助降温和散热效果。
具体的，如图2、3所示，定子41包括定子铁芯411，定子铁芯411呈圆柱体状，且在圆柱体的中心位置形成有供转子安装的通孔 4111；所述定子铁芯411的外径侧形成有沿圆柱体的轴向和径向外侧延伸、沿圆柱体的周向均布的多个第一绕组隔板4112，所述定子铁芯411的内径侧形成有沿圆柱体的轴向和径向内侧延伸、沿圆柱体的周向均布的多个第二绕组隔板4113，所述第二绕组隔板4113靠近圆柱体圆心的一端形成所述通孔4111。第一绕组隔板4112与第二绕组隔板4113在圆柱体的外径侧和内径侧相对设置，相邻的两个第一绕组隔板4112和圆柱体的外周面形成外线槽4114，相邻的第二绕组隔板4113和圆柱体的内周面形成内线槽4115，线圈42沿圆柱体的轴向缠绕于所述外线槽4114和内线槽4115内，线圈42和相邻的两个第二绕组隔板4113构成第三气道P3。可选地，定子铁芯411可由多个形状完全相同的硅钢片4116沿圆柱体的轴向方向叠加压制而成。
同时，为了便于定子41及转子1的散热以及第三气道P3的进气，可在第一前端盖和第一后端盖上设置网状气孔。
本发明实施例还提供一种径向支撑结构，即在转子1上设置径向轴承7支撑定子41。
如图1所示，具体地，第一前端盖32和第一后端盖33靠近转子1设置一体的支撑环34环绕转子1设置，所述径向轴承7设置在支撑环34和转子1之间。由于支撑环34与定子41固定，所以径向轴承7起到了支撑定子41的作用。
进一步的，径向轴承7可以是静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或者动静压混合气体轴承中的任一种。
当其设置为静压气体轴承时，径向轴承7和转子1在径向上具有预定的径向间隙，径向轴承7的外周与支撑环34之间设有环形气腔，环形气腔的底部设有贯通环形气腔与径向间隙的通孔，同时支撑环34上也设置将环形气腔与外接气源连通的进气孔。
当其设置为动压气体轴承时，径向轴承7和转子1在径向上具有 预定的径向间隙，径向轴承7的内径面或者转子1上安装径向轴承7的部位设置动压发生槽。
当其设置为动静压混合气体轴承时，其同时具有静压气体轴承和动压气体轴承的特征。
进一步的，径向轴承7的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器84，保证径向轴承7的稳定支撑。
本发明实施例还提供一种轴向支撑结构，即在转子1上设置推力轴承8。
如图1、4所示，具体的，转子1进气端设置两个推力盘，分别为第一推力盘11和第二推力盘12，第一推力盘11和第二推力盘12均包括盘部和套筒部，两个推力盘的套筒部对接固定在转子1上，两个推力盘内端面和套筒部外部之间形成止推槽，所述止推槽内设置推力轴承8，推力轴承8顶部凸出于止推槽的部分、两侧分别由盖体9和第一前端盖32卡住，盖体9与第一前端盖32固定。推力轴承8为动静压混合的空气轴承。
本实施例的推力轴承8，结构如图4所示，包括第一推力部81和第二推力部82，第一推力部81和第二推力部82相对设置，第二推力部82的内侧端面开设环形气腔83，该环形气腔83连通外部气体；第一推力盘11内侧端面和第一推力部81外侧端面的间隙S1通过气孔连通环形气腔83，第二推力盘12端内侧端面和第二推力部外侧端面的间隙S2通过气孔连通环形气腔83，第二推力部82的内圈侧壁和止推槽侧壁之间的间隙S3通过气孔连通环形气腔83。第一前端盖32上设置进气管经第二推力部82上的进气道连通环形气腔。
进一步地，第一推力部81外端面和盖体9之间、第二推力部82外端面和第一前端盖32之间均设置弹簧阻尼器85或胶圈阻尼器84，以吸收震动能量，起到阻尼器作用。
第一推力部81内端面和第二推力部82内端面之间设置弹簧阻尼器85或胶圈阻尼器84，起到减震吸能和封闭气体的作用。
进一步地，第一推力部81和第二推力部82的外端面设置空气槽；或/和两推力盘上分别与第一推力部81和第二推力部82的外端面相对的面上设置空气槽。
本实施例中，设置空气槽能够实现轴承内空气的快速通流，既可传导压气机气体，又可防止空气堵塞、聚积。根据气源状况灵活选择静压或动压模式，使用灵活；止推槽两侧的推力盘高度低，加工时车削量小、耗材少、工艺相对简单，质量分布相对均匀，转轴高度旋转时稳定性更好。
本发明实施例还提供一种转子系统，所述转子系统应用有上述结构的压气机。
本发明实施例还提供一种微型燃气轮机，所述微型燃气轮机应用有上述结构的压气机，压气机用于为微型燃气轮机提供高压气体。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的发明范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种压气机，其特征在于，包括：转子、定子、线圈、壳体、叶轮以及至少一个主气道；
    其中，所述转子上套设所述定子及线圈，所述定子及线圈外罩设所述壳体，所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮套设在转子末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕所述定子设置，所述主气道末端的出口经所述叶轮连接高压气腔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述壳体包括第一壳体、第二壳体以及第三壳体，所述主气道包括第一气道或/和第三气道；
    所述定子及线圈外罩设所述第一壳体，且定子与第一壳体固定，所述第一壳体的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖和第一后端盖，所述第二壳体环绕第一壳体设置，第二壳体末端设置第二端盖，所述第三壳体设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖之间围成所述高压腔体；
    所述第一壳体和第二壳体之间的腔体、第一后端盖和第二端盖之间的腔体形成所述第一气道；
    所述第三气道轴向贯穿所述定子。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述压气机还包括第二气道；
    所述定子及线圈和转子外壁之前的间隙、定子及线圈和第一前端盖之间的间隙、定子及线圈和第一后端盖之间的间隙形成所述第二气道，所述第二气道入口设置在第一壳体的前端或者设置在第一前端盖上，出口设置在第一后端盖上且与第一气道或/和第三气道连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述转子两端设置径向轴承支撑所述定子；
    所述径向轴承为静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或者动静压混合气 体轴承中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述径向轴承的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述转子进气端设置第一推力盘以及第二推力盘，两个推力盘均包括盘部和套筒部，两个推力盘的套筒部对接固定在转子上，两个推力盘内端面和套筒部外部之间形成止推槽，所述止推槽内设置推力轴承；
    所述推力轴承顶部凸出于止推槽的部分两侧分别由盖体和壳体卡住，所述盖体和壳体固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述推力轴承为动静压混合的空气轴承；
    所述推力轴承包括第一推力部和第二推力部，第一推力部和第二推力部相对设置，第二推力部的内侧端面开设环形气腔，该环形气腔连通外部气体；第一推力盘内侧端面和第一推力部外侧端面的第一间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力盘内侧端面和第二推力部外侧端面的第二间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力部的内圈侧壁和推力槽侧壁之间的第三间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，所述壳体上设置进气管经第二推力部上的进气道连通环形气腔。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述第一推力部外端面和盖体之间、第二推力部外端面和壳体之间均设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器；
    或/和，所述第一推力部内端面和第二推力部内端面之间设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的压气机，其特征在于，所述第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面设置空气槽；或/和两推力盘上分别与第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面相对的面上设置空气槽。
  10. 一种转子系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～9任一项所述的压气机。
  11. 一种微型燃气轮机，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～9任一项所述的压气机。
PCT/CN2020/135903 2020-01-19 2020-12-11 一种压气机、转子系统及微型燃气轮机 Ceased WO2021143417A1 (zh)

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