WO2021143420A1 - 一种变速器 - Google Patents

一种变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143420A1
WO2021143420A1 PCT/CN2020/136018 CN2020136018W WO2021143420A1 WO 2021143420 A1 WO2021143420 A1 WO 2021143420A1 CN 2020136018 W CN2020136018 W CN 2020136018W WO 2021143420 A1 WO2021143420 A1 WO 2021143420A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier assembly
pressure
planet carrier
assembly
gear
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PCT/CN2020/136018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘国陶
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from CN202010056207.6A external-priority patent/CN111156305B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202020114423.7U external-priority patent/CN211398476U/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP20913266.1A priority Critical patent/EP4092292A4/en
Priority to US17/793,368 priority patent/US11815160B2/en
Priority to JP2022543125A priority patent/JP7349577B2/ja
Publication of WO2021143420A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143420A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/721—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously the secondary drive being an energy dissipating device, e.g. regulating brake, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/722—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously the secondary drive being an energy dissipating device, e.g. regulating brake, in order to vary speed continuously the secondary drive being a fluid throttle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
    • F16H57/0424—Lubricant guiding means in the wall of or integrated with the casing, e.g. grooves, channels, holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H57/082—Planet carriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H2057/085—Bearings for orbital gears

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of transmission machinery, and more specifically, to a transmission.
  • the invention number and the new utility model are 2018101117082 and 2018201977563 respectively.
  • the present invention is further improved and optimized on the basis of the previous application.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a transmission that can further simplify the structure or process, especially improve the transmission efficiency and reliability.
  • a transmission includes a differential gear train, the differential gear train includes a ring gear assembly, a sun gear assembly and a planet carrier assembly connected with a planetary gear mechanism, the planet carrier assembly includes a side plate, The side plate is combined with the gear to form two high and low pressure volume units, and a throttle channel is connected between the two volume units; the high pressure volume unit is built in the toothing area of the gear, and all the high pressure volume units are mutually connected through the high pressure oil passages on the planet carrier assembly The connection is on.
  • the present invention has the following preferred or optional solutions:
  • the planetary gear mechanism is connected to the planet carrier assembly through a one-way bearing, or a one-way bearing is connected between the sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly.
  • the differential gear train is covered with a shell, the shell is provided with a high and low pressure flow channel, the sun gear assembly is provided with a low pressure flow channel which is connected to the low pressure flow channel on the shell, and the high pressure oil channel on the planet carrier assembly is connected to the shell
  • the upper high-pressure flow passages are connected to each other and conducted.
  • the planet carrier assembly is provided with a liquid outlet.
  • Hollow parts are provided on the side panels.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of assistance in explaining the present invention.
  • a transmission includes a differential gear train.
  • the differential gear train includes an inner ring gear assembly, a sun gear assembly, and a planet carrier assembly connected with a planetary gear mechanism.
  • the planet carrier assembly includes a side plate, and the side plate is combined with gears to form two types of high and low pressure Volume unit, a throttling channel is connected between the two volume units; the high-pressure volume unit is constructed in the toothing area of the gear, and all the high-pressure volume units are connected to each other through the high-pressure oil passage on the planet carrier assembly.
  • the ring gear assembly is the ring gear 6, the sun gear assembly is the sun gear 5 and the input shaft 1 connected or fixed thereto, and the planet carrier assembly includes a side plate, a ring 7 and a flange shaft 12, and a side plate Including the front side plate 4 and the rear side plate 10, the front side plate 4, the rear side plate 10, the ferrule 7 and the flange shaft 12 are connected to each other with screws.
  • the inner gear ring 6 is connected to the ferrule 7 through a needle bearing, and the flange
  • the shaft 12 is used to connect the load;
  • the planetary gear mechanism includes a planetary gear 16, the planetary gear 16 is sleeved on the planetary gear shaft 17 through a one-way bearing, the planetary gear shaft 17 is inserted between the front side plate 4 and the rear side plate 10;
  • the gear is the sun Wheel 5, planetary wheel 16 and inner ring gear 6, when the gear is contained and wrapped in the planet carrier assembly, the driving gear rotation can have a pumping effect and a motor effect, that is, two volume units of high and low pressure are formed, and the two volume units are connected
  • a throttle channel which is used to connect a valve such as a throttle valve 14 to adjust the speed.
  • the high-pressure volume unit is built in the toothing area of the gear.
  • the toothing area refers to the area where the two gears rotate from the toothing contact to the toothing separation, that is, the gear sweeps the toothing line 19
  • the area between the two ends, the oil trapped area 20 of the gear at this time constitutes a high-pressure volume unit; because the planetary gear 16 is toothed with the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 5 at the same time, two upper and lower high-pressure volume units will be generated.
  • Each high-pressure volume unit is connected to the end flow passage 11 on the flange shaft 12 through the distribution port 18 on the side plate. If there are multiple planet wheels 16, all the high-pressure volume units are connected and connected to each other; except for all the high-pressure volume units, All other regions with variable volumes are constructed as low-pressure volume units and are connected to each other.
  • the transmission principle of the present invention is as follows:
  • the upper and lower high-pressure volume units of the planetary wheel 16 must have pressure at the same time to be effective, that is, the torques Tb and Tc must interfere and cancel out. If only one of the two high-pressure volume units is set to generate pressure, the torque Ta and Tb, or torques Tc and Td will mostly interfere and lose the transmission effect. This is an important reason why all high-pressure volume units need to be connected to each other.
  • the port 18 on the side plate needs Set the size, position or shape reasonably. If you want to form a continuous transmission, one solution is to make the coincidence of the gears greater than 2.
  • the previously applied solution records a method for reducing the throttle displacement and improving the transmission efficiency through the displacement difference.
  • the present invention greatly reduces the volume of the high-pressure volume unit and the impact on the parts. Pressure load.
  • the throttle flow rate is Qw
  • the total volume of all filled high-pressure oil is V.
  • Qw/V the stiffness coefficient.
  • the larger the stiffness coefficient the opposite effect.
  • An important disadvantage of the earlier application is that the volume of the high-pressure volume unit is too large, and the stiffness coefficient is difficult to increase, resulting in slow response. If the throttle is increased, the response will be improved.
  • the volume and leakage area of the high-pressure volume unit are small, and the throttling displacement can be further reduced under the condition of ensuring the stiffness coefficient. At this time, the influence of volumetric efficiency becomes limited, and the gears and side plates can adopt gaps. Cooperate to reduce the process or structure requirements for parts.
  • the planetary gear mechanism is connected to the planet carrier assembly through a one-way bearing, or a one-way bearing is connected between the sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly.
  • the planetary wheel 16 is sleeved on the planetary wheel shaft 17 through a one-way bearing.
  • the purpose is to form a 1:1 transmission through a one-way action when the load counter-drives the input shaft 1 to rotate, avoiding the excessive differential speed between the input end and the output end.
  • one end of the planetary wheel shaft 17 and the side plate can be matched with a conical surface and fastened with screws to prevent the planetary wheel shaft 17 from rotating freely.
  • connecting a one-way bearing or an overrunning clutch between the sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly can also achieve the same purpose.
  • the differential gear train is covered with a shell, the shell is provided with a high and low pressure flow channel, the sun gear assembly is provided with a low pressure flow channel which is connected to the low pressure flow channel on the shell, and the high pressure oil channel on the planet carrier assembly is connected to the shell
  • the upper high-pressure flow passages are connected to each other and conducted.
  • the outer shell or shell 15 is sleeved on the input shaft 1 and the flange shaft 12.
  • the shell 15 is provided with high and low pressure flow passages, namely the high pressure channel 13 and the low pressure channel 3;
  • the sun gear assembly includes the input shaft 1,
  • the input shaft 1 is provided with a low-pressure flow channel, that is, the shaft channel 2 and is connected to the low-pressure channel 3 on the housing;
  • the high-pressure oil channel on the planet carrier assembly is the end flow channel 11 on the flange shaft 12 and the high-pressure channel on the housing 13 are connected to each other and turned on.
  • the high-pressure oil passes through the flange shaft 12
  • the end flow passage 11 converges to the high-pressure passage 13 on the shell, is throttled by the throttle valve 14 and then falls back to the oil sump.
  • the outer circulation oil circuit can connect the throttle valve 14 to the housing 15 and control it by a motor. If there is no housing 15, the throttle valve 14 can be installed on the flange shaft 12 to manually control the internal circulation oil circuit. This solution is suitable for occasions where the transmission power is relatively simple.
  • the planet carrier assembly is provided with a liquid outlet.
  • the liquid outlet is the oil outlet groove 9 or the oil outlet provided on the front side plate 4 and the rear side plate 10.
  • the external circulation oil circuit is adopted in the present invention, the oil sucked from the oil pool can be used by the planet carrier assembly The generated centrifugal force is thrown out through the liquid outlet to achieve the purpose of oil change and cooling.
  • the hollow part is the recessed part 8 provided on the front side plate 4 and the rear side plate 10. After setting the shape and position reasonably, it can be used for low-pressure distribution on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is to reduce the side plate and gear, especially The contact area of the ring gear 6 may increase the backlash, thereby reducing the mucus friction loss and improving the mechanical efficiency.
  • the present invention is further improved and optimized on the basis of the previous application.
  • the main advantage is that the volume of the high-pressure volume unit can be greatly reduced, thereby reducing various negative effects caused by this, which is conducive to simplifying the structure or process, and improving the transmission. Efficiency and reliability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种变速器，包括差动轮系，差动轮系包括内齿圈组件、太阳轮组件和连接有行星轮机构的行星架组件，行星架组件包括侧板，侧板结合齿轮形成高低压两种容积单元，两种容积单元之间连接有节流通道；高压容积单元构建在齿轮的啮合区域内，所有高压容积单元通过行星架组件上的高压油道互相连接导通。该变速器能够缩小高压容积单元的容积，简化结构和工艺，提高传动效率和可靠性。

Description

一种变速器 技术领域
本发明涉及传动机械领域，更具体的说，涉及一种变速器。
背景技术
本人在先同日申请有“一种无级变速器”,发明号和实用新型号分别为2018101117082、2018201977563，本发明是在在先申请的基础上进一步改进和优化。
发明内容
针对在先申请的不足或改进，本发明的目的是提供一种变速器，能进一步简化结构或工艺，特别是提高传动效率和可靠性。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种变速器，包括差动轮系，差动轮系包括内齿圈组件、太阳轮组件和连接有行星轮机构的行星架组件，行星架组件包括侧板，侧板结合齿轮形成高低压两种容积单元，两种容积单元之间连接有节流通道；高压容积单元构建在齿轮的齿合区域内，所有高压容积单元通过行星架组件上的高压油道互相连接导通。
在上述方案的基础上，本发明有以下优选或可选方案：
行星轮机构通过单向轴承连接在行星架组件上，或者，太阳轮组件与行星架组件之间连接有单向轴承。
差动轮系上套有外壳，外壳上设置有高低压流道，太阳轮组件上设置有低压流道并与外壳上的低压流道互相连接导通，行星架组件上的高压油 道与外壳上的高压流道互相连接导通。
行星架组件上设置有出液口。
侧板上设置有镂空部位。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施方式部分立体结构的剖切示意图；
图2是对本发明的辅助说明示意图。
具体实施方式
结合附图，本发明的实施方式如下：
一种变速器，包括差动轮系，差动轮系包括内齿圈组件、太阳轮组件和连接有行星轮机构的行星架组件，行星架组件包括侧板，侧板结合齿轮形成高低压两种容积单元，两种容积单元之间连接有节流通道；高压容积单元构建在齿轮的齿合区域，所有高压容积单元通过行星架组件上的高压油道互相连接导通。参见图1，内齿圈组件即内齿圈6，太阳轮组件即太阳轮5及与之连接或固定的输入轴1，行星架组件包括侧板、套圈7和法兰轴12，侧板包括前侧板4和后侧板10，前侧板4、后侧板10、套圈7和法兰轴12互相使用螺丝连接固定，内齿圈6通过滚针轴承连接套圈7，法兰轴12用于连接负载；行星轮机构包括行星轮16，行星轮16通过单向轴承套在行星轮轴17上，行星轮轴17穿置在前侧板4与后侧板10之间；齿轮即太阳轮5、行星轮16和内齿圈6，当齿轮被容纳包裹于行星架组件后，驱动齿轮旋转可具有泵效应和马达效应，即形成高低压两种容积单元，两种容积单元之间连接有节流通道，节流通道用于连接设置阀门如节流阀14来调速，如果没有节流阀14，使用內泄通道构成 为节流通道也可以具有一定的自动调速能力。参见图2结合图1，高压容积单元构建在齿轮的齿合区域内，齿合区域是指两个齿轮从齿合接触到齿合分离所旋转过的区域，也就是齿轮扫过齿合线19两端之间的区域，这时齿轮的困油区20即构成为高压容积单元；由于行星轮16同时与内齿圈6、太阳轮5齿合，会产生上下两个高压容积单元，这两个高压容积单元通过侧板上的配流口18与法兰轴12上的端面流道11导通，如果行星轮16有多个，则所有高压容积单元互相连接导通；除却所有高压容积单元，其他所有容积可变的区域则构成为低压容积单元并互相连接导通。
本发明的传动原理如下：
参见图2结合图1，当使用齿轮的困油区20构成为高压容积单元后，驱动太阳轮5旋转会产生压力并分别施加在齿轮上，其中作用在行星轮16上的两个力矩Tb和Tc相互干涉而抵消，剩下的两个力矩Ta、Td构成为静力矩分别作用在内齿圈6和太阳轮5上，由于力矩方向相同会产生合力矩并施加在行星轮轴17上，这个合力矩会随着太阳轮5的不断旋转持续加载在输出端即行星架组件上构成传动。需要注意的是，行星轮16上下两个高压容积单元必须同时要有压力的情况下才有效，即力矩Tb和Tc必须要干涉抵消掉，如果这两个高压容积单元只设置一个产生压力，力矩Ta和Tb，或者力矩Tc和Td就会大部分干涉掉使传动失去效果，这是所有高压容积单元需要互相连接导通的一个重要原因，为了实现这一目的，侧板上的配流口18需要合理的设置大小、位置或形状。如果要构成连续传动，一种方案是使齿轮的重合度大于2，对于外齿合的太阳轮5和行星轮16会比较困难，需要采用细高齿的方案，但齿数较多并且也不 利于提升油压和调节节流排量，另外一种方案是采用多个行星轮16，如6个或8个等，合理设置齿数使多个行星轮16具有不同的相位构成接力传动，这种方式可以降低对齿轮的重合度要求，并且齿合区域内的容积变化既有缩小又有扩大过程，利用这个特性可以通过配流口18方便的调节或减少节流排量。当齿轮采用斜齿轮结构后，改变螺旋角或高度参数也可以调节节流排量。
在先申请的方案中记载有一种通过排量差来减少节流排量提高传动效率的手段，本发明对这种方案进一步改进后，极大的缩小了高压容积单元的容积和对零部件的压力负荷。设节流量为Qw,所有填充高压油液的总容积为V，将Qw/V定义为刚度系数，刚度系数越小，吸收压力或扭矩脉动的能力越好，但调节节流开度后压力响应会变得迟钝和滞后，刚度系数越大则效果反之，在先申请方案的一个重要缺点是因为高压容积单元的容积过大，刚度系数很难增大造成响应迟缓，如果增大节流量提高响应又会使传动效率降低。另外本发明改进后，高压容积单元的容积和泄漏区域很小，在保证刚度系数的条件下能进一步减小节流排量，这时容积效率的影响变得有限，齿轮和侧板可以采用间隙配合以降低对零部件的工艺或结构要求。
以下是对本发明优选或可选方案的说明：
行星轮机构通过单向轴承连接在行星架组件上，或者，太阳轮组件与行星架组件之间连接有单向轴承。参见图1，行星轮16通过单向轴承套在行星轮轴17上，目的是当负载反驱动输入轴1转动时通过单向作用可以构成1:1传动，避免输入端和输出端的差速过大，这时行星轮轴17的 一端与侧板可用锥面配合并用螺丝紧固，防止行星轮轴17自由转动。显然，在太阳轮组件与行星架组件之间连接单向轴承或超越离合器也可以达到同样的目的。
差动轮系上套有外壳，外壳上设置有高低压流道，太阳轮组件上设置有低压流道并与外壳上的低压流道互相连接导通，行星架组件上的高压油道与外壳上的高压流道互相连接导通。参见图1，外壳即壳体15套在输入轴1和法兰轴12上，壳体15上设置有高低压流道即高压通道13和低压通道3；太阳轮组件包括输入轴1，输入轴1上设置有低压流道即轴心通道2并与外壳上的低压通道3互相连接导通；行星架组件上的高压油道即法兰轴12上的端面流道11与外壳上的高压通道13互相连接导通。通过上述方案可构成一种外循环油路，即低压油液从壳体15内的油池冷却过滤后流经输入轴1吸入到齿轮的低压容积单元，高压油液经法兰轴12上的端面流道11汇集到外壳上的高压通道13，通过节流阀14节流后落回到油池，外循环油路可以将节流阀14连接在壳体15上并用电机控制。如果没有壳体15，节流阀14可以安装在法兰轴12上手动控制构成内循环油路，这种方案适用于传递功率较小工况比较简单的场合。
行星架组件上设置有出液口。参见图1，出液口即前侧板4和后侧板10上设置的出油槽9或出油孔，当本发明采用外循环油路后，从油池吸入的油液可被行星架组件产生的离心力通过出液口甩出，达到换油和冷却的目的。
侧板上设置有镂空部位。参见图1，镂空部位即前侧板4和后侧板10上设置的凹陷部位8，合理设置形状和位置后，一方面可用于低压配 流，另一方面是为了减小侧板与齿轮特别是内齿圈6的接触面积或增大侧隙，从而减小粘液摩擦损失提高机械效率。
本发明是在在先申请的基础上进一步改进和优化，主要优点是能极大的缩小高压容积单元的容积从而减小由此带来的各种负面影响，有利于简化结构或工艺，提高传动效率和可靠性。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种变速器，包括差动轮系，差动轮系包括内齿圈组件、太阳轮组件和连接有行星轮机构的行星架组件，行星架组件包括侧板，侧板结合齿轮形成高低压两种容积单元，两种容积单元之间连接有节流通道，其特征在于：高压容积单元构建在齿轮的齿合区域内，所有高压容积单元通过行星架组件上的高压油道互相连接导通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征在于：行星轮机构通过单向轴承连接在行星架组件上，或者，太阳轮组件与行星架组件之间连接有单向轴承。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征在于：差动轮系上套有外壳，外壳上设置有高低压流道，太阳轮组件上设置有低压流道并与外壳上的低压流道互相连接导通，行星架组件上的高压油道与外壳上的高压流道互相连接导通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征在于：行星架组件上设置有出液口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征在于：侧板上设置有镂空部位。
PCT/CN2020/136018 2020-01-18 2020-12-14 一种变速器 Ceased WO2021143420A1 (zh)

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