WO2021145441A1 - 低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法、組成物及び低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン - Google Patents
低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法、組成物及び低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021145441A1 WO2021145441A1 PCT/JP2021/001317 JP2021001317W WO2021145441A1 WO 2021145441 A1 WO2021145441 A1 WO 2021145441A1 JP 2021001317 W JP2021001317 W JP 2021001317W WO 2021145441 A1 WO2021145441 A1 WO 2021145441A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F114/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F114/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F114/26—Tetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/26—Tetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/50—Partial depolymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method, composition and low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene also called “polytetrafluoroethylene wax” or “polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder” with a molecular weight of thousands to hundreds of thousands has excellent chemical stability and extremely low surface energy.
- polytetrafluoroethylene wax also called “polytetrafluoroethylene wax” or “polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder”
- fibrillation is unlikely to occur, it is used in the production of plastics, inks, cosmetics, paints, greases and the like as an additive for improving slipperiness and the texture of the coating film surface (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ..
- a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene As a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene, a polymerization method, a radiolysis method, a thermal decomposition method and the like are known.
- the radiolysis method conventionally, it is common to irradiate high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene with radiation in an air atmosphere to obtain low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene which is difficult to produce perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof. It is also an object of the present disclosure to provide a novel low molecular weight PTFE composition and low molecular weight PTFE having a low content of perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, a substance capable of generating a free hydrogen atom
- the present invention relates to a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises the step (2) of obtaining the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene by inactivating the portion.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, a substance capable of generating a free hydrogen atom
- the steps (1) for reducing the molecular weight of the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene and the low molecular weight products obtained in the step (1) are obtained from poly.
- Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene including the step (2a) of obtaining the above low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene by heating or heat treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature of 19 ° C.) of tetrafluoroethylene. It is also related to the method of producing ethylene.
- the heating or heat treatment in the step (2a) is performed at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, a substance capable of generating a free hydrogen atom
- a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene including the step (2b) for obtaining the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene is also related.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, a substance capable of generating a free hydrogen atom
- the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based organic compounds, amines, silane-based organic compounds, water and hydrogen.
- the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is at least one selected from the group consisting of a chain hydrocarbon compound, a cyclic hydrocarbon compound, a synthetic polymer, a biodegradable polymer, a carbohydrate, ammonia and water. It is also preferable.
- the amount of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is preferably 0.0001 to 1000% by mass with respect to the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the radiation dose in step (1) is preferably 10 to 1000 kGy.
- the radiation dose in the step (1) is 100 to 750 kGy.
- step (1) be carried out substantially in the absence of oxygen.
- step (2) be carried out substantially in the absence of oxygen.
- the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene preferably has a standard specific gravity of 2.130 to 2.230.
- both the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene and the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene are powders.
- the manufacturing method further includes a step (3) of obtaining a molded product by heating the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene to a temperature equal to or higher than the primary melting point thereof before the step (1), and the molded product has a specific gravity. Is preferably 1.0 g / cm 3 or more.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, the sample temperature during irradiation is polytetra High molecular weight in the presence of a substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms under the conditions of the room temperature transition temperature of fluoroethylene ( 19 ° C., which is the ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature), 320 ° C. or lower, and the dose rate of 0.1 kGy / s or higher.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises the step (X) of obtaining the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene by irradiating the polytetrafluoroethylene with radiation.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, melt viscosity at 380 ° C. 1.0
- polytetrafluoroethylene having ⁇ 10 2 to 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s with radiation in the presence of a substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms, the above-mentioned polytetrafluoroethylene is reduced in molecular weight.
- the present disclosure includes a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene which melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is at 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, and a substance capable of generating a free hydrogen atom, perfluoro It also relates to compositions in which the content of octanoic acid and its salts is less than 25 mass ppb.
- the composition preferably has a content of perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof determined according to the heating / measurement condition A described later, which is less than 100% by mass ppb.
- the content of the perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the heating / measurement condition A of the above composition is less than 50% by mass ppb.
- the content of the perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the heating / measuring condition A of the above composition is less than 25 mass ppb.
- the composition preferably has a total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 9 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof of less than 25 mass ppb.
- the composition preferably has a total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof of less than 25 mass ppb.
- the present disclosure is melt viscosity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s at 380 ° C., electron spin resonance peaks obtained following equation by measuring under vacuum (I) Satisfied, the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt is less than 25 mass ppb, and the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the heating / measurement condition A described later is less than 100 mass ppb. It also relates to molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Peak M represents the peak height of the center of the triplet corresponding to the terminal radical in the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- Peak A is the double quintet corresponding to the main chain radical in the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene. Represents the peak height.
- the present disclosure is melt viscosity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s at 380 ° C., a peak obtained by the electron spin resonance measurements following relationship under atmospheric (1) and Satisfy (2) and
- the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt is less than 25 mass ppb, and the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the heating / measurement condition A described later is less than 100 mass ppb. It is also related to fluoroethylene.
- Peak M2 represents the absolute value of the negative peak intensity corresponding to the peroxide radical captured at the end of the molecular chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- Peak A1 represents the absolute value of the negative peak intensity on the main chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Peak M2 represents the absolute value of the negative peak intensity corresponding to the peroxide radical captured at the end of the molecular chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- Peak M3 represents the end of the molecular chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene. Represents the absolute value of the positive peak intensity corresponding to the peroxide radical captured in.
- a 50 cc stainless steel tubular airtight container is filled with 2 to 20 g of a sample in the air, covered, and heated at 150 ° C. for 18 hours.
- the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt is measured using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (Waters, LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC / TQD). 5 ml of acetonitrile is added to 1 g of the heated sample, and sonication is performed for 60 minutes to extract perfluorooctanoic acid.
- the obtained liquid phase is measured using an MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) method.
- a separation column ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7 ⁇ m
- the column temperature is 40 ° C.
- the injection volume is 5 ⁇ L.
- ESI Electronpray ionization
- Negative the cone voltage is set to 25 V, and the precursor ion molecular weight / product ion molecular weight is measured at 413/369.
- the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts is calculated using an external standard method.
- the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene preferably has a total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 9 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof of less than 25 mass ppb.
- the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene preferably has a total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof of less than 25 mass ppb.
- the present disclosure it is possible to provide a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene which is difficult to produce perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof. Further, according to the present disclosure, it is also possible to provide a novel low molecular weight PTFE composition and low molecular weight PTFE having a low content of perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof.
- the low molecular weight PTFE When the high molecular weight PTFE is irradiated with radiation under the conventional conditions, the low molecular weight PTFE may be produced, and at the same time, a perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms or a salt thereof may be produced as a by-product.
- the compounds of these by-products include perfluorooctanoic acid having 8 carbon atoms or a salt thereof, and having 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, respectively. Perfluorocarboxylic acid, or salts of each.
- the main chain radicals and terminal radicals generated by irradiation with radiation at room temperature in the absence of oxygen substantially react with oxygen in the air by heating after irradiation, so that the number of carbon atoms is 4 to 14.
- Perfluorocarboxylic acid or salts thereof in particular perfluorooctanoic acid or salts thereof, may be produced.
- the present inventors irradiate the high-molecular-weight PTFE with radiation in the presence of a substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms, and inactivate the radicals generated by the irradiation to perfluorooctanoic acid, a salt thereof, and further. , It has been found that the production of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof is suppressed, and the production method of the present disclosure has been completed.
- the present disclosure will be specifically described.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, a substance capable of generating a free hydrogen atom
- the present invention relates to a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises the step (2) of obtaining the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene by inactivating the portion.
- the high molecular weight PTFE is reduced in molecular weight by irradiating the high molecular weight PTFE with radiation in the presence of a substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms. It is considered that the reduction in molecular weight is achieved by cleaving the main chain of the high molecular weight PTFE by irradiation with the radiation.
- the radiation is not particularly limited as long as it is ionizing radiation, and examples thereof include electron beams, gamma rays, X-rays, neutron rays, and high-energy ions, but electron beams, gamma rays, and X-rays are preferable for industrial use. , Electron rays or gamma rays are more preferable.
- the electron beam can be generated from, for example, an electron accelerator.
- Gamma rays can be generated, for example, from radioisotopes.
- X-rays can be generated, for example, by irradiating a target such as a metal with a particle beam from a particle accelerator.
- an undulator or wiggler may be installed at the bottom of the particle accelerator to generate X-rays.
- the absorbed dose of the radiation is, for example, preferably 10 kGy or more, more preferably 100 kGy or more, further preferably 150 kGy or more, further preferably 200 kGy or more, and even more preferably 250 kGy or more. Is particularly preferable, and 300 kGy or more is most preferable.
- the absorbed dose is preferably 1000 kGy or less, more preferably 750 kGy or less, and even more preferably 500 kGy or less.
- the above numerical range can be suitably adopted for irradiation at room temperature (25 ° C.), for example.
- the irradiation may be continuously performed until the desired absorbed dose is reached, or may be intermittently repeated until the desired absorbed dose is reached in total.
- the high molecular weight PTFE can be reduced in molecular weight even in the absence of oxygen.
- the absorbed dose is preferably optimized according to the target molecular weight.
- the absorbed dose rate at the time of irradiation with the above radiation is not particularly limited, but for example, in the case of ⁇ -rays emitted from cobalt-60 or the like, 0.1 kGy / h or more is preferable, 1 kGy / h or more is more preferable, and 2 kGy / h or more. h or more is more preferable. In the electron beam from the electron accelerator, 0.1 kGy / s or more is preferable, 1 kGy / s or more is more preferable, and 10 kGy / s or more is further preferable.
- 0.1 kGy / pass or more is preferable, 1 kGy / pass or more is more preferable, and 10 kGy / pass or more is further preferable.
- 0.1 kGy / s or more is preferable, and 1 kGy / s or more is more preferable.
- 10 kGy / s or more is more preferable.
- 0.1 kGy / pass or more is preferable, 1 kGy / pass or more is more preferable, and 10 kGy / pass or more is further preferable.
- the entire PTFE sample it is preferable to irradiate the entire PTFE sample so that the reaction occurs uniformly and the absorbed dose distribution is uniform.
- the penetrating power of the ⁇ -rays is attenuated by the square of the distance, so that when the sample is thick, distribution occurs on the front surface and the back surface to which the ⁇ -rays are irradiated. Therefore, it is preferable to take measures such as periodically inverting or rotating the PTFE sample.
- a dose distribution of about 20% to 30% may occur in the outer peripheral portion and the central portion even if it is inverted.
- the density of the irradiated sample is required. It is preferable to devise the distribution and irradiation shape. Further, in the case of an electron beam from an electron accelerator, the penetration depth changes depending on the acceleration voltage of the electrons / the acceleration energy of the electrons on the sample surface. It is preferable to take measures such as making the thickness as follows and periodically inverting the sample. Furthermore, in the case of X-rays generated by irradiating the target for X-ray generation with electron beams from the electron accelerator, the penetrating power of the X-rays is attenuated by the square of the distance. Distribution occurs on the front and back surfaces where the line is irradiated.
- a dose distribution of about 20% to 30% may occur in the outer peripheral portion and the central portion even if it is inverted. Therefore, in order to make the dose distribution uniform, the density of the irradiated sample is required. It is preferable to devise the distribution and irradiation shape.
- the temperature of the sample in the irradiation of the above radiation is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or higher than the ⁇ dispersion temperature near ⁇ 80 ° C. and lower than the melting point of the high molecular weight PTFE. It is also known that the molecular chains of high molecular weight PTFE are crosslinked in the vicinity of the melting point, and in order to obtain low molecular weight PTFE, 320 ° C. or lower is preferable, 310 ° C. or lower is more preferable, and 300 ° C. or lower is further preferable.
- the temperature may be raised for irradiation.
- the sample temperature may change between ⁇ 80 ° C. and 320 ° C. during continuous irradiation.
- the following is an example of a combination of sample temperature and absorbed dose at the time of irradiation, but is not limited thereto.
- the absorbed dose of the radiation is preferably 100 kGy or more, more preferably 200 kGy or more, further preferably 250 kGy or more, and most preferably 300 kGy or more when irradiated at ⁇ 80 ° C. ..
- the absorbed dose is preferably 1200 kGy or less, more preferably 1000 kGy or less, and even more preferably 800 kGy or less.
- the absorbed dose of the radiation is preferably 60 kGy or more, more preferably 120 kGy or more, further preferably 140 kGy or more, and most preferably 160 kGy or more when irradiated at 50 ° C.
- the absorbed dose is preferably 700 kGy or less, more preferably 600 kGy or less, and further preferably 500 kGy or less.
- the absorbed dose of the radiation is preferably 50 kGy or more, more preferably 100 kGy or more, further preferably 120 kGy or more, and most preferably 150 kGy or more when irradiated at 100 ° C.
- the absorbed dose is preferably 600 kGy or less, more preferably 500 kGy or less, and even more preferably 400 kGy or less.
- the absorbed dose of the radiation is preferably 40 kGy or more, more preferably 80 kGy or more, further preferably 100 kGy or more, and most preferably 120 kGy or more when irradiated at 150 ° C.
- the absorbed dose is preferably 550 kGy or less, more preferably 450 kGy or less, and even more preferably 350 kGy or less.
- the absorbed dose of the radiation is preferably 30 kGy or more, more preferably 60 kGy or more, further preferably 80 kGy or more, and most preferably 100 kGy or more when irradiated at 200 ° C.
- the absorbed dose is preferably 500 kGy or less, more preferably 400 kGy or less, and even more preferably 300 kGy or less.
- the temperature at the time of irradiation is measured by a method of measuring the temperature of the atmosphere in which the process is performed with a thermocouple, a platinum resistor, etc., and the temperature of the sample surface or the inside of the sample by a contact method using a thermocouple, a platinum resistor, etc. It can be easily measured by a method or a method of measuring infrared radiation from the sample surface with an infrared radiation thermometer.
- Irradiation in step (1) is carried out in the presence of a substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms.
- Free hydrogen atoms generated from the above substances during irradiation with radiation react with main chain radicals and terminal radicals generated by irradiation with high molecular weight PTFE to capture the radicals. Therefore, the reaction between the main chain radical and the terminal radical and oxygen can be suppressed, and the formation of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof can be suppressed. It is thought that it can be done.
- the substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom by irradiation with radiation.
- the substance is preferably a compound capable of producing a free hydrogen atom.
- the substance may be a solid, a liquid, or a gas, but is preferably a solid because it is easy to handle and vacuum degas in the container.
- the state of the above substance is a state at 25 ° C. and 1 atm.
- Free hydrogen produced by irradiation with radiation can be obtained by gas chromatography, for example, K.K. Takashika, et al. , Radiat. Phys. Chem. 55, p. 399-408 (1999) and T.I. Seguchi, et al. , Radiat. Phys. Chem. 85, p. It can be measured by the method described in 124-129 (2013).
- Examples of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom include hydrocarbon-based organic compounds, amines, silane-based organic compounds, water, hydrogen and the like.
- the hydrocarbon-based organic compound has at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom, silicon atom and halogen atom (chlorine atom, bromine atom, etc.). May be good.
- hydrocarbon-based organic compound examples include chain hydrocarbon compounds, cyclic hydrocarbon compounds, synthetic polymers, biodegradable polymers, and carbohydrates.
- chain hydrocarbon compound examples include acetylene; paraffin and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the paraffin may be more than 20.
- cyclic hydrocarbon compound examples include aromatic compounds such as benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, aniline and naphthalene; and alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as cyclopropane and cyclohexane.
- Examples of the synthetic polymer include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; aromatic hydrocarbon polymers such as polystyrene, polyhydroxystyrene and polyaniline; and alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers such as cycloolefin polymer.
- Examples of the biodegradable polymer include polylactic acid; polycaprolactone; polyglutamic acid; polypeptides, proteins such as collagen and keratin, and the like.
- Examples of the carbohydrate include monosaccharides such as glucose; polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. The molecular weights of the chain hydrocarbon compound, the cyclic hydrocarbon compound and the monosaccharide may be less than 2000 and may be less than 1000.
- the molecular weight of the synthetic polymer, biodegradable polymer and polysaccharide may be 2000 or more.
- the molecular weight of a substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom can be determined by calculation from a chemical formula or gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution width can be directly measured by MALDI ToF-MS, which is a combination of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization method and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry). can.
- paraffin, synthetic polymer, biodegradable polymer, and carbohydrate are preferable, and paraffin, polyolefin, aromatic hydrocarbon polymer, biodegradable polymer, and carbohydrate are more preferable, and polyolefin.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon polymers, biodegradable polymers and polysaccharides are even more preferred, polyethylene, polylactic acid and cellulose are even more preferred, and polyethylene is particularly preferred.
- amines examples include ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines and the like, and ammonia is preferable.
- the molecular weight of the amines may be less than 1000.
- silane-based organic compound examples include silane, alkoxysilane, tetraethyl orthosilicate, polysiloxane, and derivatives thereof, and polysiloxane is preferable.
- the molecular weight of the polysiloxane and its derivative may be 1000 or more, and the molecular weight of the silane-based organic compound other than the polysiloxane and its derivative may be less than 1000.
- the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom one kind or two or more kinds can be used.
- the substances capable of producing free hydrogen atoms are hydrocarbon-based organic compounds, amines, silane-based organic compounds, water and hydrogen in that perfluorocarboxylic acids having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and salts thereof can be reduced more efficiently. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon compounds, amines and water, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based organic compounds, amines and water.
- Formula At least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon compounds, synthetic polymers, biodegradable polymers, carbohydrates, ammonia and water is more preferred, and polyolefins, aromatic hydrocarbon polymers and biodegradable polymers.
- the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, aromatic hydrocarbon polymer, biodegradable polymer, polysaccharide, ammonia, water and hydrogen.
- the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is preferably a hydrocarbon-based organic compound.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene can be used in the form of polymer pellets and contain a large amount of hydrogen atoms in the main chain. Therefore, they are particularly preferable in that they are excellent in practical handling as compared with other substances. ..
- the form of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is not particularly limited, and may be a block, a pellet, a powder, a sheet, a strand or the like.
- the amount of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is preferably 0.0001 to 1000% by mass with respect to the high molecular weight PTFE.
- the amount of the substance is more preferably 1% by mass or more, further preferably 2% by mass or more, particularly preferably 10% by mass or more, and 150% by mass with respect to the high molecular weight PTFE. % Or less, more preferably 100% by mass or less, even more preferably 50% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 25% by mass or less.
- the perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof can be reduced more efficiently.
- the amount thereof is preferably 0.1 to 1000% by mass, preferably 1% by mass or more, based on the high molecular weight PTFE. It is more preferably 5% by mass or more, particularly preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 100% by mass or less, and more preferably 50% by mass or less. It is more preferably 25% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 25% by mass or less.
- the amount thereof is preferably 0.0001 to 100% by mass, preferably 0.001% by mass, based on the high molecular weight PTFE. % Or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and even more preferably 100% by mass or less, 50% by mass. It is more preferably% or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the amount of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom described above is the amount present in the space (container) in which the step (1) is carried out.
- the high molecular weight PTFE and the substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom may or may not be in direct contact with each other.
- Step (1) may be carried out in the absence of oxygen substantially, or in the presence of oxygen, as will be described later, but may be carried out in the absence of oxygen substantially. Is preferable.
- substantially absence of oxygen means that the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere in which the step is carried out is less than 2.0% by volume.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 1.0% by volume or less, and less than 1.0% by volume, in that the formation of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof can be further suppressed. Is more preferably 0.5% by volume or less, still more preferably 0.1% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 0.01% by volume or less.
- the lower limit of the oxygen concentration may be a value less than the detection limit.
- the main component gas at this time may be an inert gas. Examples of the inert gas include nitrogen gas, argon gas, helium gas, and a mixed gas thereof.
- Nitrogen gas is preferable for industrial use.
- the oxygen concentration was determined by the atmosphere in which the step was carried out, for example, a method of analyzing the gas phase portion in the container in which the high molecular weight PTFE was arranged by gas chromatography, a method using an oxygen concentration measuring machine, or the above container. It can be easily measured by the method of examining the color tone of the oxygen detector.
- the environment in which the step (1) is carried out may be any of a pressurized environment, an atmospheric pressure pressure, and a reduced pressure environment.
- a decompressed environment is preferable for safety measures in the working environment due to the generation of decomposed gas in the step (1).
- the decompression environment referred to here means an environment in which the vacuum degree is 100 Pa or less by a vacuum pump such as a diaphragm pump, an oil rotary pump, or a scroll pump.
- the degree of vacuum is preferably 10 Pa or less, and more preferably 1 Pa or less, in that the formation of a perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof can be further suppressed.
- a closed container for decompression may be used, or the decompression environment may be maintained while constantly evacuating the inside of the container with a vacuum pump, and the vacuum is intermittently applied.
- the decompression environment in the container may be maintained by repeatedly turning the pump on and off.
- An oxygen adsorbent may be used to remove the oxygen present in the environment and create a substantially oxygen-free environment.
- Oxygen absorbers are also called oxygen scavengers and are synonymous. Of course, the oxygen adsorbent may be used in combination with the above method.
- an oxygen adsorbent may be placed in the closed container together with the high molecular weight PTFE, or the inside of the sealed container may be uniformly or non-uniformly coated with the oxygen adsorbent. ..
- Examples of the method of carrying out the step (1) in the absence of substantially oxygen include a method of carrying out the step (1) in a space in which substantially no oxygen is present inside.
- the space in which oxygen is substantially not present inside means a space in which the oxygen concentration in the space can be locally adjusted during the steps (1) and (2).
- a container that can be sealed so that the oxygen concentration in the internal space can be adjusted hereinafter referred to as a closed container
- the space in which the steps (1) and (2) are carried out may be locally provided as a space in which oxygen is substantially absent by a gas shower using an inert gas or a differential exhaust by a vacuum pump system.
- a closed container may be used, or the inert gas may be maintained while flowing. Often, the flow of the inert gas may be kept on and off repeatedly intermittently.
- the closed container may be connected to a pipe for sucking in and exhausting an inert gas or the like, which will be described later, or exhausting the gas in the closed container, and other pipes, lids, valves, flanges, etc. May be connected.
- the shape thereof is not particularly limited, and may be a columnar shape, a prismatic shape, a spherical shape, or the like, and may be a bag having a variable internal volume.
- the material is not particularly limited, and may be a metal, glass, a polymer, a composite material in which they are laminated, or the like.
- the closed container preferably has a material and structure that allows radiation to pass through and does not deteriorate due to irradiation with radiation, but is not limited thereto. Further, the closed container is not limited to the pressure resistant container.
- the material of the bag having a variable internal volume includes a rubber material that can be sealed by physical stress such as ethylene-propylene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, and polyester elastomer, as well as heat.
- a material that can be fused or sealed with an adhesive such as epoxy is preferable.
- a thermoplastic organic material that can be sealed by heat fusion is particularly preferable.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polyamideimide (PAI), and thermoplastics are obtained in that they can withstand the irradiation of the step (1).
- Polyethylene Polyethylene (TPI), Polyphenylensulfide (PPS), Polyetherimide (PEI), Cyclic Polyethylene (COP), Polyvinylidene Fluoride, Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE), Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) , Hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (FEP), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA) and the like are preferable. Further, these materials may be a multilayer film-like material having two or three layers, or may be an organic or inorganic composite multilayer film-like material combined with aluminum foil or the like.
- the state in which oxygen is substantially absent in the closed container can be realized, for example, by making the inside of the closed container substantially vacuum or filling it with an inert gas.
- substantially vacuum means that the pressure inside the container is 100 Pa or less, preferably 50 Pa or less, and more preferably 10 Pa or less.
- the inert gas needs to be a gas that is inert to the low molecular weight reaction of the high molecular weight PTFE by irradiation and the main chain radicals and terminal radicals generated by the irradiation.
- the inert gas include gases such as nitrogen, helium, and argon. Of these, nitrogen is preferable.
- the inert gas preferably has an oxygen content of less than 2.0% by volume, more preferably 1.0% by volume or less, still more preferably less than 1.0% by volume, and 0. It is even more preferably 5.5% by volume or less, even more preferably 0.1% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 0.01% by volume or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be an amount less than the detection limit.
- perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof are more difficult to be produced.
- the oxygen content can be confirmed by a galvanic cell type oxygen concentration meter, a zirconia type oxygen concentration meter, an oxygen detection paper, or the like, in addition to the analysis by gas chromatography.
- the oxygen adsorbent is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of adsorbing oxygen, and is an inorganic oxygen adsorbent such as iron-based, zinc-based, or hydrosulfite-based, ascorbic acid-based, or polyhydric alcohol-based.
- An adsorbent exhibiting a known oxygen adsorbing effect, such as an organic oxygen adsorbent such as an activated carbon type, can be used.
- the oxygen adsorbent may be a water-dependent type that requires water when reacting with oxygen, or a self-reactive type that does not require water, but is preferably a self-reactive type.
- an iron-based self-reactive oxygen adsorbent, quicklime and the like are preferable, and among them, an iron-based self-reactive oxygen adsorbent is preferable.
- the production method of the present disclosure substantially comprises the substance capable of producing the high molecular weight PTFE and the free hydrogen atom before the step (1). It is preferable to include a step of charging into a closed container in the absence of oxygen.
- a method of putting the high molecular weight PTFE into a closed container in the absence of substantially oxygen for example, after installing the high molecular weight PTFE and a substance capable of generating the free hydrogen atom in the closed container, it is necessary.
- the substance capable of producing the high molecular weight PTFE and the free hydrogen atom, and the inert gas and the oxygen adsorbent From the method of putting the oxygen adsorbent into the closed container and vacuum degassing the inside of the closed container, the substance capable of producing the high molecular weight PTFE and the free hydrogen atom, and the inert gas and the oxygen adsorbent. Examples thereof include a method of putting at least one selected from the above-mentioned group into the closed container, a method of using these methods in combination, and the like.
- the inside of the closed container is degassed into a reduced pressure environment by a vacuum pump, and the closed container is used.
- the vacuum degassing method for sealing the container, the high molecular weight PTFE and the substance capable of generating free hydrogen atoms are placed in the closed container, and if necessary, the inside of the closed container is vacuumed, and then the inside of the closed container is closed.
- a gas flow replacement method, etc. in which a substance capable of generating atoms is installed and the inert gas is continuously circulated in the closed container to gradually reduce the oxygen concentration to create a desired environment in which oxygen is substantially absent.
- the oxygen adsorbent When the oxygen adsorbent is used, the high molecular weight PTFE, the substance capable of generating free hydrogen atoms, and the oxygen adsorbent are installed in the airtight container, and then the airtight container is sealed.
- Method a method of placing the high molecular weight PTFE, the substance capable of generating free hydrogen atoms, and the oxygen adsorbent in the closed container, and then vacuum degassing the inside of the closed container to seal the closed container.
- the high molecular weight PTFE, the substance capable of generating free hydrogen atoms, and the oxygen adsorbent are placed in the closed container, and after vacuum degassing the inside of the closed container as necessary, the inside of the closed container is inactive. Examples include a method of filling with gas.
- Step (1) may be carried out in the presence of oxygen, for example, in the atmosphere, as long as it is in a closed closed container.
- the oxygen concentration in the closed container may be 2.0% by volume or more.
- the closed container in this embodiment a container similar to the closed container that can be used when the step (1) is carried out substantially in the absence of oxygen can be used. It is preferable to determine the size and the amount of contents of the closed container in consideration of the amount of oxygen consumed by the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom.
- Step (1) may be carried out by adding a halogen-containing material.
- the halogen-containing material in this case may be solid, liquid or gas.
- a fluorine-based oil is preferable.
- Step (1) is substantially a saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a chloroide of a saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a monovalent saturated alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the like. It is preferably carried out in the absence of a saturated monocarboxylic acid having 1 to 13 carbon atoms. It is also preferred that step (1) be carried out substantially in the absence of n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, and ethanol.
- the fact that the substance is substantially absent means that the abundance (total amount) of the substance is less than 0.1% by mass with respect to the high molecular weight PTFE. The abundance is preferably less than 0.001% by mass, preferably 0.0005% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.0001% by mass or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but the amount may be less than the detection limit.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is obtained by inactivating at least a part of the main chain radical and the terminal radical generated by the irradiation.
- Irradiation of high molecular weight PTFE produces main chain radicals (alkyl radicals) and terminal radicals of PTFE.
- the main chain radical means a radical generated at a portion other than the terminal in the main chain of PTFE
- the terminal radical means a radical generated at the end of the main chain of PTFE.
- the main chain radical and the terminal radical are radicals generated immediately after irradiation in the presence of a substance capable of generating the free hydrogen atom, and these are radicals generated by reacting with oxygen. Is different.
- step (2) the perfluorocarboxylic acid is generated and captured by inactivating at least a part of the radicals that contribute to the production of the perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms or a salt thereof.
- the low molecular weight PTFE can be obtained with almost no formation of an acid or a salt thereof.
- the step (1) when the high molecular weight PTFE is irradiated with radiation in the presence of a substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom, the high molecular weight PTFE is reduced in molecular weight to generate the main chain radical and the terminal radical, and the terminal radical is generated. Free hydrogen atoms are generated from the above substances. Then, the main chain radical and the terminal radical react with the free hydrogen atom and are captured by the free hydrogen atom, so that the main chain radical and the terminal radical are inactivated. Therefore, in the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, the step (2) is also carried out by carrying out the step (1).
- step (2) it is not necessary to perform the step of inactivating the main chain radical and the terminal radical in a facility different from the irradiation, and the manufacturing cost by the facility can be reduced.
- at least one of the steps (2a) to (2c) described later may be carried out in the step (2), and the step (2a) may be carried out.
- step (2b) may be carried out, or step (2a) may be carried out.
- step (1) and the step (2) may be repeated a plurality of times. However, when it is carried out a plurality of times, it is indispensable to end it in the step (2), which is a step of inactivating the terminal radicals.
- Step (2) is preferably carried out in the absence of substantially oxygen. Further, it is preferable to maintain a state in which oxygen is substantially absent during the period from the start of the step (1) to the end of the step (2).
- the state in which oxygen is substantially absent is as described above, and the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere in which the step is carried out needs to be less than 2.0% by volume, and is 1.0% by volume or less. It is more preferable, it is more preferably less than 1.0% by volume, further preferably 0.5% by volume or less, further preferably 0.1% by volume or less, and 0.01% by volume or less. Is particularly preferable.
- the lower limit of the oxygen concentration may be a value less than the detection limit.
- step (2) it is preferable to execute the step (2) while maintaining the environment in the step (1).
- the step (2) is preferably carried out in a space in which oxygen is substantially absent.
- the step (2) may be carried out in the same space as the step (1), or may be carried out in a different space. From the viewpoint of reliably preventing contact between the low molecular weight product and oxygen and the simplicity of the process, the low molecular weight product is subjected to the step (2) while being held in the space where the step (1) was carried out. Is more preferable. Further, the step (2) may be continuously carried out as a series of steps with the step (1).
- the step (2) is carried out in a space different from that of the step (1), the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) is placed in the space where the step (2) is carried out in the absence of oxygen. It may be transferred, or as described later, it may be transferred in the atmosphere under predetermined conditions.
- the step (1) is carried out in a closed container in the presence of oxygen, it is preferable that the obtained low molecular weight product is subjected to the step (2) while being held in the closed container in which the step (1) was carried out. ..
- the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) is heated or heat-treated at a temperature equal to or higher than the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature of 19 ° C.) of PTFE. It is preferable to carry out the step (2a) for obtaining the low molecular weight PTFE (hereinafter, also referred to as an accelerated deactivation process). According to this aspect, the radical can be inactivated in a relatively short time.
- the low molecular weight product is a substance produced by cleaving the main chain of the high molecular weight PTFE by irradiation with the radiation in the step (1), and has a main chain radical and a terminal radical generated by the irradiation.
- Step (2a) is preferably carried out in the absence of substantially oxygen.
- the state in which oxygen is substantially absent is as described above.
- the heating or heat treatment in the step (2a) is carried out at a temperature equal to or higher than the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature) of PTFE.
- the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature) of PTFE is 19 ° C.
- the temperature of the heating or heat treatment is preferably the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 2 dispersion temperature) (30 ° C.) or higher of PTFE, more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, further preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 140 ° C. or higher. Further, 310 ° C. or lower is preferable, 300 ° C. or lower is more preferable, and 260 ° C. or lower is further preferable.
- the temperature of the heating or heat treatment may be, for example, less than 150 ° C. or 100 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature at the time of heating or heating is a method of measuring the temperature of the atmosphere in which the process is carried out with a thermocouple, a platinum resistor, etc., and the temperature of the sample surface or the inside of the sample is contacted with a thermocouple, a platinum resistor, etc. It can be easily measured by a measuring method or a method of measuring infrared radiation from the sample surface with an infrared radiation thermometer.
- the sample temperature may vary between ⁇ 80 ° C. and 340 ° C. during step (2a) continuation.
- the heating or heat treatment time depends on the heating or heating temperature, but is preferably 1 minute or longer, more preferably 10 minutes or longer, and further preferably 1 hour or longer. It is preferably 4 hours or more, more preferably less than 100 hours, more preferably 50 hours or less, and even more preferably 30 hours or less.
- the heating or heat treatment time is the time after the entire sample is in a thermal equilibrium state. The above time range can be particularly preferably adopted in heat treatment at 150 ° C., for example.
- the method of heating or heat treatment is not particularly limited, but a method using equipment capable of artificially applying heat is preferable, and examples thereof include a method using the following heat treatment apparatus.
- a method using equipment capable of artificially applying heat is preferable, and examples thereof include a method using the following heat treatment apparatus.
- Dryer inverted conical stirring dryer, microwave device, vacuum heat treatment device, box type electric furnace, hot air circulation device, flash dryer, vibration dryer, belt dryer, extrusion dryer, spray dryer, infrared heater, etc. be.
- the low molecular weight product held in a predetermined space (for example, the closed container used in the step (1), the closed container to which the low molecular weight product is transferred) is placed in a heating furnace. It can be carried out by setting it in a heating furnace, raising the temperature in the heating furnace to a desired temperature, and then leaving it to stand for a desired time.
- a container capable of transferring heat inside and outside as a closed container.
- the closed container is preferably a container having heat resistance sufficient to withstand the heating or heating, but as described above, the step (2a) may be carried out under relatively mild conditions, and thus is highly advanced. Heat resistance is not essential.
- the material of the closed container includes rubber materials such as ethylene-propylene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, and polyester elastomer that can be sealed by physical stress, as well as heat fusion and adhesion of epoxy type.
- a material that can be sealed with an agent is preferable.
- a thermoplastic organic material that can be sealed by heat fusion is particularly preferable.
- polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polyamideimide (PAI), thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PPS), etc.
- Polyetherimide PEI
- polypropylene PP
- cyclic polyolefin COP
- polyvinylidene fluoride ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- EFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- FEP hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoro Polyethylene copolymer
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy alkane
- these materials may be a multilayer film-like material having two or three layers, or may be an organic or inorganic composite multilayer film-like material combined with aluminum foil or the like.
- Step (2a) can also be carried out in the presence of water.
- the water is preferably steam.
- the water content is preferably less than 20% by mass, more preferably less than 15% by mass, still more preferably less than 10% by mass, and 0.00001% by mass with respect to the high molecular weight PTFE. It is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.0001% by mass or more.
- the step (2b) (hereinafter, also referred to as a natural deactivation process) for obtaining a low molecular weight PTFE by holding the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) for 5 minutes or more is performed. It may be carried out.
- the radicals particularly terminal radicals
- equipment capable of artificially applying heat such as a heat treatment apparatus is used.
- the above radicals can be inactivated.
- the above-mentioned low molecular weight products are as described above.
- the step (2b) may be held by artificially controlling the temperature, but it is preferably carried out without using equipment capable of artificially applying heat. After performing the step (2b), the step (2a) may be carried out.
- the step (2b) is preferably carried out in the absence of substantially oxygen (holding the low molecular weight product in an environment in the absence of substantially oxygen for a specific time).
- the state in which oxygen is substantially absent is as described above.
- the temperature of the environment for holding the low molecular weight product is preferably a temperature that can be realized without using equipment capable of artificially applying heat.
- the above temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature) (19 ° C.) of PTFE, and the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 2 dispersion temperature) of PTFE, in that the time required for radical deactivation can be shortened. It is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 40 ° C. or higher. Further, the temperature may be less than 100 ° C. or less than 70 ° C.
- the sample temperature may vary between ⁇ 20 ° C. and 100 ° C. during step (2b) continuation.
- step (2b) the time for retaining the low molecular weight product is 5 minutes or more.
- the above time represents the time from the time when the irradiation is completed.
- the time in the step (2b) is preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 1 hour or more, further preferably 10 hours or more, still more preferably 1 day or more. It is even more preferably 50 hours or more, even more preferably 100 hours or more, and particularly preferably 200 hours or more.
- Examples of the method for carrying out the step (2b) include a method in which the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) is left in the space used in the step (1) for the above-mentioned time.
- the above-mentioned neglect can be performed in, for example, a warehouse, a greenhouse, or the like.
- the greenhouse includes a building such as a solarium constructed of daylighting glass, a vinyl greenhouse for agriculture, and the like, and is not provided with equipment for actively heating and adjusting the temperature.
- the step (2c) of reacting the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) with a substance having a radical scavenging ability can also be carried out.
- the radicals can be inactivated in a relatively short time without performing heating or heat treatment. It is also possible to carry out heating or heat treatment at the same time.
- the step (2c) since the free hydrogen atom generated from the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom used in the step (1) has a radical scavenging ability, the step (2c) may not be performed in the production method of the present disclosure. preferable.
- the step (2a) may be carried out after the step (2c) is carried out, or the step (2c) and the step (2a) may be carried out at the same time.
- the above-mentioned low molecular weight products are as described above.
- Step (2c) is preferably carried out in the absence of substantially oxygen.
- the state in which oxygen is substantially absent is as described above.
- the substance having a radical scavenging ability is a substance capable of inactivating the main chain radical and the terminal radical generated in the step (1).
- the substance having a radical scavenging ability may be a gas having a radical scavenging ability.
- the gas needs to be a gas at 25 ° C. and 1 atm.
- hydrogen gas and halogen gas are preferable.
- the halogen gas include fluorine gas, chlorine gas, bromine gas, iodine gas and the like.
- radical trapping ability examples include alkane gas, alkene gas, alkyne gas, fluoroalkane, tetrafluoroethylene, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, water, amines, alcohols, and ketones.
- the substance having a radical scavenging ability may be a substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom. Specific examples of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom are as described above.
- the substance having a radical scavenging ability may be a substance different from the substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom used in the step (1).
- Examples of the alkane gas include methane, ethane, propane, butane and the like.
- Examples of the alkene gas include ethylene, propylene, butene and the like.
- Examples of the alkyne gas include acetylene, monovinyl acetylene, and divinyl acetylene.
- Examples of the fluoroalkane include difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and the like.
- the water as a gas having a radical-capturing ability may be water vapor. For example, it may be water vapor generated by heating liquid water or treating it with ultrasonic waves, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the water examples include ion-exchanged water, distilled water, hard water, soft water, tap water, and the like, but ion-exchanged water and distilled water are preferable because impurities are less likely to be mixed into low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the water may be water generated from an oxygen adsorbent, or water when the water adsorbed on silica gel evaporates due to heat.
- Examples of the amines include ammonia and the like.
- the alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, alcohol derivatives and the like.
- the ketones include acetone, benzophenone and the like.
- the gas having the above radical catching ability one kind or two or more kinds can be used. Further, the above gas may be mixed with an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide and used.
- the gases capable of capturing radicals include hydrogen gas, halogen gas, alkane gas, alkene gas, alkyne gas, fluoroalkane, tetrafluoroethylene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, water, amines, alcohols and alcohols. It is also preferable that it is at least one selected from the group consisting of ketones, hydrogen gas, fluorine gas, chlorine gas, bromine gas, iodine gas, alkane gas, alkene gas, alkin gas, fluoroalkane, tetrafluoroethylene, one.
- it is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, water, amines, alcohols and ketones, and at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen gas and water. It is also preferable that it is hydrogen gas, and it is also preferable that it is water.
- a substance having the above radical scavenging ability is introduced into the space in which the low molecular weight substance is held (for example, the closed container used in the step (1)), or the inside of the space is introduced. After degassing with a vacuum pump, the substance having the scavenging ability is introduced, and the low molecular weight substance and the substance having the scavenging ability are brought into contact with each other.
- the substance having a radical scavenging ability may be closed by a valve or the like after concentration equilibrium in the space to stop the introduction, or may be constantly distributed.
- a radiolytic gas containing hydrogen gas as a main component is generated from the closed container at the time of irradiation.
- the decomposed gas may be used as a substance having a radical scavenging ability in the step (2c).
- halogen gas is also generated as a radiolytic gas in addition to hydrogen gas.
- the decomposed gas may be used as a substance having a radical scavenging ability in the step (2c).
- an organic material containing a hydrogen atom is preferable, and a rubber material containing a hydrogen atom such as ethylene-propylene rubber and polyester elastomer; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene.
- a rubber material containing a hydrogen atom such as ethylene-propylene rubber and polyester elastomer; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene.
- thermoplastic organic materials containing hydrogen atoms such as (PE), polyamideimide (PAI), thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), polyphenylensulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI), and cyclic polyolefin (COP). ..
- an organic material containing a halogen atom is preferable, and a rubber material containing a halogen atom of tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber and chloroprene rubber; polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE). ), Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) and other thermoplastic organic materials containing halogen atoms.
- a rubber material containing a halogen atom of tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber and chloroprene rubber
- PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- FEP hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy alkane
- the concentration of the substance having a radical scavenging ability to be introduced may be 0.1% by volume or more. It is preferably 3% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more. As the concentration of the substance having a radical scavenging ability increases, the time for radical deactivation becomes shorter.
- the total number of main chain radicals (alkyl radicals) and terminal radicals generated / captured immediately after irradiation per gram, or they are exposed to the atmosphere and produced by reacting with oxygen.
- the number of atoms or molecules having a radical scavenging ability may be 1% or more, preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more, based on the total number of radical peroxides produced per gram.
- the temperature of the reaction is preferably PTFE ⁇ dispersion temperature (near ⁇ 80 ° C.) or higher, more preferably ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature (19 ° C.) or higher, further preferably 25 ° C. or higher, and ⁇ 2 dispersion temperature (30 ° C.). The above is particularly preferable.
- the sample temperature may vary between ⁇ 80 ° C. and 380 ° C. during step (2c) continuation.
- the reaction time is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 1 hour or more after the substance having a radical scavenging ability reaches concentration equilibrium in the reaction space.
- Steps (2a), (2b) and (2c) may be carried out individually or in any combination thereof. Each of the steps (2a), (2b) and (2c) is preferably carried out after the step (1), and is also preferably carried out continuously after the step (1).
- the deactivation of the terminal radical can be confirmed by the presence or absence of the triplet signal by the measurement at room temperature by the electron spin resonance apparatus (ESR). If the triplet signal cannot be clearly detected by room temperature (25 ° C.) measurement, it is determined that the terminal radical has been inactivated. In the step (2), it is preferable to carry out the deactivation of the terminal radical to such an extent that the triplet signal cannot be clearly detected by the measurement at room temperature (25 ° C.) by ESR. Similarly, the inactivation of the main chain radical can be confirmed by a decrease in the signal strength of the double quintet or the presence or absence of a signal by measurement at room temperature with an electron spin resonance apparatus (ESR).
- ESR electron spin resonance apparatus
- step (2) it is preferable to deactivate the main chain radical to such an extent that the double quintet signal cannot be clearly detected by measurement at room temperature (25 ° C.) by ESR.
- inactivation when residual radicals react with oxygen in the atmosphere to form peroxide radicals on the main chain (alkyl peroxides) and terminal peroxides (terminal peroxides). Can be confirmed by reducing the intensity of the signal corresponding to those radical peroxides or by the presence or absence of the signal.
- the symmetry and asymmetry of the spectrum measured by the ESR device can be used to determine whether the radical is a main chain type (asymmetryc) or a terminal type (symmetryc) radical peroxide. If it is difficult to distinguish by room temperature measurement, it can be clearly discriminated by lowering the temperature and measuring at a liquid nitrogen temperature of 77K.
- asymmetryc main chain type
- symmetryc terminal type
- step (2) when at least one step (also referred to as step (2')) of steps (2a) to (2c) is carried out, from the end of step (1) to the start of step (2'). It is preferable that the low molecular weight product obtained in step (1) is not substantially reacted with oxygen during the period. Thereby, the amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms or a salt thereof generated can be further reduced.
- the reaction between the low molecular weight product and oxygen referred to here means a reaction between a main chain radical and / or a terminal radical in the low molecular weight product and oxygen, particularly a reaction between the terminal radical and oxygen.
- the low molecular weight product does not substantially react with oxygen means that the abundance of oxygen that can come into contact with the low molecular weight product is controlled to a very small amount, or the low molecular weight product and oxygen are not substantially reacted. It means that contact with is performed under extremely limited conditions.
- the state in which oxygen is substantially absent is maintained during the period from the start of the step (1) to the end of the step (2'), that is, from the start of the step (1).
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is preferably maintained at less than 2.0% by volume, more preferably 1.0% by volume or less, and 1.0% by volume. It is more preferably maintained at less than, more preferably 0.5% by volume or less, further preferably 0.1% by volume or less, and even more preferably 0.01% by volume or less.
- the lower limit of the oxygen concentration may be a value less than the detection limit.
- the steps (1) and (2) are held in the same closed container.
- the closed container is not opened, and the space is regularly degassed by a vacuum pump or the like.
- a method of periodically circulating an inert gas in a space, a method of periodically degassing a closed container with a vacuum pump or the like, and a method of repeating the circulation of the inert gas can be mentioned.
- the closed container in which the step (1) is carried out is opened in a space in which oxygen is substantially absent, and the low molecular weight product is transferred to another closed container used in the step (2') in the same space.
- the closed container in which the step (1) is carried out is opened in a container such as a glove box filled with an inert gas or the like, and in the same space, another method used in the step (2'). Examples thereof include a method of transferring a low molecular weight product to a closed container to maintain a state in which oxygen is absent.
- steps (1) and (2') may be carried out in different spaces (preferably in different closed containers). According to this aspect, it is possible to adopt an optimum space (closed container) in each of the steps (1) and (2'). In particular, in the step (2'), it becomes possible to adopt a heat-resistant airtight container or a pressure-resistant airtight container capable of more effectively performing heating, heating, depressurization and the like. As a result, the amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms or a salt thereof generated can be reduced more easily. The above aspect is particularly useful when step (2') is step (2a).
- the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) is subjected to the step (2) from the space where the step (1) was carried out under the condition that the low molecular weight product and oxygen do not substantially react with each other.
- a step of transferring to the space where') is carried out may be included.
- the transfer of the low molecular weight product is preferably carried out in the substantially absence of oxygen.
- it can also be carried out in the atmosphere under conditions in which oxygen does not substantially react with the terminal radicals of the low molecular weight compound that easily induces a perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof. In terms of industrial processes, it is advantageous to carry out in the atmosphere.
- the condition that the terminal radicals in the low molecular weight product and oxygen do not substantially react is, for example, that the contact time between the low molecular weight product and the atmosphere is 180 minutes or less, and is 60 minutes or less. Is preferable.
- the lower limit of the contact time may be 1 second.
- the temperature of the atmosphere in contact with the low molecular weight product may be set to 30 ° C. or lower, preferably 19 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the temperature may be -196 ° C.
- step (2') when the step (2') is repeated a plurality of times, or when a plurality of steps (for example, steps (2a), (2b), etc.) are performed as the step (2'),
- the low molecular weight product may be exposed to the atmosphere (for example, transferred to another container in the atmosphere) between the first step and the next step.
- air exposure open to the atmosphere
- step (2b) After deactivating the radicals to some extent (particularly after deactivating the radicals to some extent by performing step (2b) after step (1)), the number of carbon atoms is immediately even when exposed to the atmosphere. It does not increase the amount of 4-14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and their salts.
- the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) is held in a space substantially free of oxygen as the step (2b) at a temperature of 19 ° C. or higher for 5 minutes or longer. After deactivating at least a portion of the terminal radicals in the sample, in the air from within the space where steps (1) and (2b) were performed to in a virtually oxygen-free space where step (2') was performed. It is preferable to include a transfer step.
- the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) is used as the step (2b) in a space substantially free of oxygen, and the low molecular weight product is prepared at a temperature of 19 ° C. or higher for 1 hour or longer.
- the space in which the steps (1) and (2b) are carried out is the space in which the step (2') is carried out substantially in the absence of oxygen. It is more preferable to include a step of transferring in the air.
- the low molecular weight product obtained in the step (1) is held at a temperature of 19 ° C. or higher for one day or longer in a space substantially free of oxygen as the step (2b).
- the transfer step After deactivating at least a portion of the terminal radicals in the sample, in the air from within the space where steps (1) and (2b) were performed to in a virtually oxygen-free space where step (2') was performed. It is more preferable to include a transfer step.
- step (2b) The longer the time (time of step (2b)) of holding the low molecular weight product at a temperature of 19 ° C. or higher in a space substantially absent from oxygen, the greater the proportion of deactivated terminal radicals. As a result, the time during which the low molecular weight product can be exposed to the atmosphere becomes longer.
- the air exposure time between the steps can be, for example, 10 days or less. It is preferably 7 days or less, and preferably 3 days or less.
- the lower limit of the time may be 1 second or 5 minutes.
- the temperature of the atmosphere in contact with the low molecular weight product can be 40 ° C. or lower, preferably 30 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 19 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the temperature may be -196 ° C.
- the above-mentioned steps (1) and (2) may be carried out at the same time, or steps (1) and (2') may be carried out at the same time.
- the above steps (1) and (2a) may be performed at the same time (combined step (A)).
- a method of simultaneously carrying out the step (1) and the step (2a) for example, high molecular weight PTFE and the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom are put into a closed container, preferably in the absence of substantially oxygen. Then, a method of irradiating the high molecular weight PTFE with radiation while the high molecular weight PTFE is heated or heated can be mentioned.
- the high molecular weight PTFE and the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom are preferably put into a closed container in the absence of substantially oxygen, and then heated.
- a method of irradiating the high molecular weight PTFE with ⁇ -rays, X-rays, or electron beams from the outside of the closed container while heating or heating the closed container using an external unit having a heating function can be mentioned.
- ⁇ -ray for example, a ⁇ -ray generated from cobalt-60 can be used.
- the X-ray for example, an X-ray generated by irradiating a target with an electron beam from an electron accelerator can be used.
- quasi-monochromatic X-rays generated by inverse Compton scattering (laser Compton scattering) by colliding a laser beam with a high-energy electron beam from a linear accelerator can be used.
- an undulator or wiggler may be installed at the bottom of the particle accelerator to generate X-rays.
- the external unit can be arranged at an arbitrary position such as the entire peripheral portion or the outer peripheral portion, the vertical portion, the left-right portion, and the front-rear portion of the closed container.
- the external unit On the irradiation surface side.
- an electron beam having a substance penetrating power inferior to that of ⁇ -rays or X-rays can be used.
- the external unit other than the surface side on which the electron beam is irradiated.
- a heating or heating mechanism may be incorporated in the closed container itself.
- the heating or heating temperature is more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, further preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 310 ° C. or lower.
- the method for heating or heating the sample is not particularly limited, but may be a beam heating method for converting the energy of radiation into heat energy.
- the beam heating method it is preferable to use the electron beam from the electron accelerator or the X-ray generated by irradiating the target with the electron beam from the electron accelerator as radiation.
- a heat insulating material or the like may be arranged on the entire circumference or the outer peripheral portion, the upper and lower portions, the front and rear portions of the left and right portions, and the like of the closed container. From the viewpoint of facilitating the transmission of radiation, it is preferable not to arrange a heat insulating material or the like on the irradiation surface side.
- the above steps (1) and (2c) may be performed at the same time (combined step (C)).
- the composite step (C) is not performed in the production method of the present disclosure. Is also preferable.
- a method of simultaneously carrying out the step (1) and the step (2c) for example, a substance capable of producing high-molecular-weight PTFE and free hydrogen atoms is put into a closed container, preferably in the absence of substantially oxygen. Then, a method of irradiating the high molecular weight PTFE with radiation while the gas having the radical trapping ability is sealed in the sealed container can be mentioned.
- a substance capable of producing high-molecular-weight PTFE and free hydrogen atoms is put into a closed container in the absence of substantially oxygen, and then a concentration of 3% or more is used.
- a concentration of 3% or more examples thereof include a method of irradiating the high molecular weight PTFE with ⁇ -rays, X-rays or electron beams from the outside of the closed container while enclosing or circulating the gas having a radical trapping ability in the closed container.
- the ⁇ -ray for example, a ⁇ -ray generated from cobalt-60 can be used.
- an X-ray generated by irradiating a target with an electron beam from an electron accelerator can be used.
- quasi-monochromatic X-rays generated by inverse Compton scattering (laser Compton scattering) by colliding a laser beam with a high-energy electron beam from a linear accelerator can be used.
- an undulator or wiggler may be installed at the bottom of the particle accelerator to generate X-rays.
- the external unit can be arranged at an arbitrary position such as the entire peripheral portion or the outer peripheral portion, the vertical portion, the left-right portion, and the front-rear portion of the closed container. From the viewpoint of facilitating the transmission of ⁇ -rays and X-rays, it is preferable not to arrange the external unit on the irradiation surface side. Instead of the ⁇ -rays or X-rays, an electron beam having a substance penetrating power inferior to that of ⁇ -rays or X-rays can be used. In this case, it is preferable to arrange the external unit other than the surface side on which the electron beam is irradiated. Further, a heating or heating mechanism may be incorporated in the closed container itself.
- heating or heating may be performed.
- the heating or heating temperature is preferably 19 ° C. or higher, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher, further preferably 70 ° C. or higher, and preferably 310 ° C. or lower.
- the method for heating or heating the sample is not particularly limited, but may be a beam heating method for converting the energy of radiation into heat energy. When the beam heating method is used, it is preferable to use the electron beam from the electron accelerator or the X-ray generated by irradiating the target with the electron beam from the electron accelerator as radiation.
- a heat insulating material or the like may be arranged on the entire circumference or the outer peripheral portion, the upper and lower portions, the front and rear portions of the left and right portions, and the like of the closed container. From the viewpoint of facilitating the transmission of radiation, it is preferable not to arrange a heat insulating material or the like on the irradiation surface side.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, the sample temperature during irradiation is polytetra High molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms under the conditions of room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature) or higher, 320 ° C. or lower, and dose rate of 0.1 kGy / s or higher for fluoroethylene.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises the step (X) of obtaining the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene by irradiating the material with radiation.
- the step (X) may be carried out in a space in which oxygen is substantially absent, but may also be carried out in an atmospheric atmosphere containing oxygen. Further, it may be carried out in a component-adjusted atmosphere.
- the component-adjusted atmosphere include an atmosphere in which 0.5% by volume or more of hydrogen gas or halogen gas having a radical scavenging ability is added as a single gas or a composite gas to an atmosphere containing oxygen. It has been reported in the literature (Radiat. Phys. Chem. Vol. 50, pp. 611-615, 1997) that irradiation of PTFE with radiation while heated to a temperature equal to or lower than the crystal melting point of PTFE improves the decomposition efficiency. ..
- the sample temperature at the time of irradiation in the above step (X) is the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature) or higher (19 ° C. or higher) of PTFE, and the room temperature transition temperature ( ⁇ 2 dispersion temperature) or higher (30 ° C. or higher) of PTFE.
- ⁇ 1 dispersion temperature or higher (19 ° C. or higher) of PTFE
- ⁇ 2 dispersion temperature room temperature transition temperature
- ⁇ dispersion temperature or higher is particularly preferable.
- the sample temperature at the time of the above irradiation is also 320 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature at the time of irradiation in the above step (X) is a method of measuring the temperature of the atmosphere in which the step is carried out with a thermocouple, a platinum resistor, etc., and the temperature of the sample surface or the inside of the sample is contacted with a thermocouple, a platinum resistor, etc. It can be easily measured by a method of measuring by an equation, a method of measuring infrared radiation from a sample surface with an infrared radiation thermometer, or the like.
- the sample temperature may change between 19 ° C and 320 ° C during irradiation in step (X).
- the radiation in step (X) may be an electron beam or an X-ray.
- the electron beam may be an electron beam generated from an electron accelerator.
- the X-ray may be an X-ray generated by irradiating a target with a particle beam from a particle accelerator, and is a quasi-monochromatic color generated by inverse Compton scattering by colliding a laser with a high-energy electron beam from a linear accelerator. It may be a sex X-ray.
- an undulator or wiggler may be installed at the bottom of the particle accelerator to generate X-rays.
- Examples of the substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom in the step (X) include a substance similar to a substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom that can be used in the step (1), and the amount of the substance used is also the same. ..
- a high molecular weight PTFE is placed in a container having a heating or heating mechanism, and in a state of being heated or heated in the air, electrons are sent from the outside of the container to the high molecular weight PTFE.
- Examples thereof include a method of irradiating a line or an X-ray.
- the electron beam for example, an electron beam generated from an electron accelerator can be used.
- the X-ray for example, an X-ray generated by irradiating a target with an electron beam from an electron accelerator can be used.
- the heating mechanism can be arranged at arbitrary positions such as the entire peripheral portion or the outer peripheral portion, the upper and lower portions, the left and right portions, and the front and rear portions of the container. From the viewpoint of facilitating the transmission of X-rays, it is preferable not to arrange the heating mechanism on the irradiation surface side. When an electron beam having a substance penetrating power inferior to that of X-rays is used, it is preferable to arrange the heating mechanism other than the surface side on which the electron beam is irradiated.
- the dose rate in the step (X) is 0.1 kGy / s or more, preferably 1 kGy / s or more, and more preferably 10 kGy / s or more.
- 0.1 kGy / pass or more is preferable, 1 kGy / pass or more is more preferable, and 10 kGy / pass or more is further preferable.
- Irradiation in the above step (X) may be continuously performed until a desired absorbed dose is reached, or may be intermittently repeated until a cumulative desired absorbed dose is reached.
- the remaining radicals are oxidized during the interval time of intermittent irradiation to become peroxide radicals, and perfluoro having 4 to 14 carbon atoms is cleaved by oxidative decomposition of the main chain of PTFE.
- the interval time of intermittent irradiation is preferably 5 minutes or less, more preferably 3 minutes or less, still more preferably 1 minute or less.
- the above step (X) can also be carried out in the presence of a substance having a radical scavenging ability.
- the substance having a radical scavenging ability include a substance that can be used in the step (2c).
- the amount of the substance used and the method of introduction the amount and method according to the step (2c) can be adopted.
- the free hydrogen atom generated from the substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom used in the step (X) has a radical trapping ability
- the step (X) other than the substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom It is also preferable not to use a substance having a radical trapping ability.
- the present disclosure provides a method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, melt viscosity at 380 ° C. 1.0
- polytetrafluoroethylene having ⁇ 10 2 to 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s with radiation in the presence of a substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms, the above-mentioned polytetrafluoroethylene is reduced in molecular weight.
- the PTFE to be irradiated with radiation in the above step (Y1) may be obtained by direct polymerization or by thermal decomposition of high molecular weight PTFE, and irradiation high molecular weight PTFE with radiation. It may be obtained by doing.
- Examples of the substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom in the step (Y1) include a substance similar to a substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom that can be used in the step (1), and the amount of the substance used is also the same. ..
- the preferred mode and conditions of the above step (Y1) may be the same as those of the above step (1), but with respect to the irradiation conditions such as the radiation dose and the irradiation temperature, the target low molecular weight PTFE molecular weight (melt viscosity). ) It is desirable to adjust according to.
- the preferred mode and conditions of the above-mentioned step (Y2) may be the same as those of the above-mentioned step (2).
- the manufacturing method of the present disclosure is formed by heating the high molecular weight PTFE to a temperature equal to or higher than its primary melting point before the step (1), the composite step (A), the composite step (C) or the step (X).
- the step (3) of obtaining the product can also be included.
- the molded product obtained in the step (3) can be used as the high molecular weight PTFE in the step (1).
- the primary melting point is preferably 300 ° C. or higher, more preferably 310 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 320 ° C. or higher.
- the primary melting point means the maximum peak temperature of the endothermic curve that appears on the crystal melting curve when the uncalcined high molecular weight PTFE is measured by a differential scanning calorimeter.
- the endothermic curve was obtained by raising the temperature at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter.
- the molded product in the step (3) preferably has a specific gravity of 1.0 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 1.5 g / cm 3 or more, and 2.5 g / cm 3 or less. Is preferable.
- the specific gravity of the molded product is within the above range, the pores and irregularities on the surface become small, and as a result, low molecular weight PTFE having a small specific surface area can be obtained.
- the specific gravity can be measured by the underwater substitution method.
- the manufacturing method of the present disclosure may further include a step of pulverizing the molded product to obtain the powder of the high molecular weight PTFE after the step (3).
- the molded product may be coarsely crushed and then further crushed into smaller pieces.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is further pulverized to obtain the low molecular weight PTFE.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure does not increase the content of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms or a salt thereof even when pulverized.
- the crushing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of crushing with a crusher.
- the crusher includes an impact type such as a planetary mill, a hammer mill, a pin mill, and a jet mill, and a grinding type such as a cutter mill in which a rotary blade and an outer peripheral stator are crushed by a shearing force due to unevenness.
- the crushing temperature is preferably ⁇ 200 ° C. or higher and lower than 50 ° C.
- the temperature is usually ⁇ 200 to ⁇ 100 ° C., but pulverization may be performed at a temperature near room temperature (10 to 30 ° C.).
- Liquid nitrogen is generally used for freezing and crushing, but the equipment is enormous and the crushing cost is high.
- fine particles and fibrous particles may be removed by airflow classification, and then coarse particles may be further removed by classification.
- the crushed particles are sent to the columnar classification chamber by the decompressed air, dispersed by the swirling airflow in the chamber, and the fine particles are classified by the centrifugal force.
- the fine particles are collected from the central part to the cyclone and the bag filter.
- a rotating body such as a conical cone or a rotor is installed so that the crushed particles and the air swirl uniformly.
- the classification point is adjusted by adjusting the air volume of the secondary air and the gap between the classification cones.
- the air volume in the classification room according to the rotation speed of the rotor.
- Examples of the method for removing coarse particles include airflow classification using a mesh, a vibration sieve, an ultrasonic sieve, and the like, but airflow classification is preferable.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained in the step (2), the composite step (A), the composite step (C), the step (X) or the step (Y2) is further subjected to ultraviolet rays, particularly from the natural environment.
- the step (4) of storing in an environment in which the ultraviolet rays of the above and the ultraviolet rays from the fluorescent lamp are shielded may be included.
- the ultraviolet rays shielded in the step (4) may be ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 450 nm or less and including visible light. Ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 400 nm or less are preferable, and ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 385 nm or less are more preferable. The lower limit of the wavelength of the ultraviolet rays is preferably 200 nm.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is held in a container capable of blocking the ultraviolet rays, or the container holding the low molecular weight PTFE is shielded from the ultraviolet rays. It can be carried out by holding it in a space (warehouse, etc.) where it is possible.
- the temperature of the storage environment in the step (4) is preferably equal to or lower than the ⁇ dispersion temperature of the uncrosslinked PTFE, more preferably -273 to 130 ° C, still more preferably -196 to 130 ° C. Even more preferably, it is ⁇ 80 to 70 ° C.
- the product obtained after carrying out the step (2), the composite step (A), the composite step (C), the step (X) or the step (Y2) is released together with the low molecular weight PTFE. It contains substances that can generate hydrogen atoms. At least a part of the substance in the product is in a decomposed or crosslinked state.
- the product may be used as it is, or may be used after removing the residual substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom.
- the removal method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted depending on the form of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom and the like.
- the substance capable of producing the removed free hydrogen atom can also be used again in the step (1).
- step (1) the high-molecular-weight PTFE that irradiates radiation in the step (1), the composite step (A), the composite step (C), or the step (X) of the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, and the step (2), the composite step (A).
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained after performing the combined step (C) or the step (X) will be described.
- PTFE that irradiates radiation in step (Y1) and low molecular weight PTFE obtained after performing step (Y2) will also be described.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained after performing the step (2), the composite step (A), the composite step (C) or the step (X) has a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. of 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 7.0 ⁇ 10. It is 5 Pa ⁇ s.
- "low molecular weight” means that the melt viscosity is within the above range.
- the melt viscosity is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa ⁇ s or more, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 3 Pa ⁇ s or more, and 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s or less. it is preferably, and more preferably less 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained after carrying out the step (Y2) has a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. of 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the melt viscosity is preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s or less, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- PTFE delivering radiation in step (Y1) is the melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the melt viscosity is preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 2 or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa ⁇ s or more, and further preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 3 Pa ⁇ s or more. preferable.
- the melt viscosity is based on ASTM D1238, and a 2 g sample that has been preheated at 380 ° C for 5 minutes using a flow tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and a 2 ⁇ -8L die is loaded with 0.7 MPa. It is a value measured while maintaining the above temperature.
- the high molecular weight PTFE to be irradiated with the radiation preferably has a standard specific gravity (SSG) of 2.130 to 2.230.
- SSG standard specific density
- the high molecular weight PTFE has an extremely higher melt viscosity than the low molecular weight PTFE, and it is difficult to accurately measure the melt viscosity.
- the melt viscosity of low molecular weight PTFE can be measured, it is difficult to obtain a molded product that can be used for measuring the standard specific density from the low molecular weight PTFE, and it is difficult to measure the accurate standard specific gravity. .. Therefore, in the present disclosure, the standard specific gravity is adopted as an index of the molecular weight of the high molecular weight PTFE to be irradiated, and the melt viscosity is adopted as an index of the molecular weight of the low molecular weight PTFE. There is no known measurement method capable of directly specifying the molecular weight of either the high molecular weight PTFE or the low molecular weight PTFE.
- the high molecular weight PTFE may have a perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof in an amount of less than 25 mass ppb, 20 mass ppb or less, 15 mass ppb or less, or 10 mass ppb or less. It may be 5 mass ppb or less, or less than 5 mass ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be an amount less than the detection limit.
- the amount of the above perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt can be measured by liquid chromatography.
- the low molecular weight PTFE preferably has a melting point of 320 to 340 ° C, more preferably 324 to 336 ° C.
- the above melting point is temperature-calibrated using indium and lead as standard samples in advance using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and then about 3 mg of low molecular weight PTFE is placed in an aluminum pan (crimp container) and 200 ml /
- the temperature range of 250 to 380 ° C. is raised at 10 ° C./min under a minute air flow, and the minimum point of the amount of heat of fusion in the above range is defined as the melting point.
- the shape of the high molecular weight PTFE is not particularly limited, and it may be a powder (fine powder, molding powder, etc.), a molded product of the high molecular weight PTFE, or the above. It may be cutting chips generated when a molded product of high molecular weight PTFE is cut.
- the high molecular weight PTFE is a powder, the powder of the low molecular weight PTFE can be easily obtained. Further, the high molecular weight PTFE may be crosslinked.
- the shape of the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, but is preferably powder.
- the specific surface area is preferably 0.5 to 20 m 2 / g.
- a type having a low specific surface area of 0.5 m 2 / g or more and less than 7.0 m 2 / g, and a type having a specific surface area of 7.0 m 2 / g or more and 25 m 2 / g or less Preferably, types having a high specific surface area of 20 m 2 / g or less are required.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the type having a low specific surface area has an advantage that it is easily dispersed in a matrix material such as a paint, but has a large dispersion particle size in the matrix material and is inferior in fine dispersion.
- the specific surface area of the low molecular weight PTFE powder having a low specific surface type is preferably at least 1.0 m 2 / g, preferably 5.0 m 2 / g or less, 3.0 m 2 / g or less is more preferable.
- the matrix material in addition to plastic and ink, paint and the like are also preferably used.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder having a high specific surface area When dispersed in a matrix material such as a paint, the low molecular weight PTFE powder having a high specific surface area has a small particle size dispersed in the matrix material and has an effect of modifying the surface such as improving the texture of the coating film surface. However, it may not be easily dispersed due to the long time required for dispersion in the matrix material, and the viscosity of the paint or the like may increase.
- the ratio specific surface area of the high type of low molecular weight PTFE powder with surface area 8.0 m 2 / g or more, preferably 25 m 2 / g or less, 20 m 2 / g or less is more preferable.
- the matrix material in addition to oil, grease and paint, plastic and the like are also preferably used.
- a surface analyzer (trade name: BELSORP-miniII, manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.) was used, a mixed gas of 30% nitrogen and 70% helium was used as the carrier gas, and liquid nitrogen was used for cooling. , Measured by the BET method.
- the average particle size is preferably 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the powder since the powder has a relatively small average particle size, it is possible to form a coating film having better surface smoothness, for example, when it is used as an additive for a paint.
- the average particle size is measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (HELOS & RODOS) manufactured by JEOL Ltd. at a dispersion pressure of 3.0 bar without using a cascade, and corresponds to 50% of the particle size distribution integration. It is assumed to be equal to the particle size.
- HELOS & RODOS laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device
- the production method of the present disclosure substantially contains perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof after performing the step (2), the composite step (A), the composite step (C), the step (X) or the step (Y2).
- No low molecular weight PTFE can be obtained.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure may have a perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof in an amount of less than 25 mass ppb, preferably 20 mass ppb or less, and preferably 15 mass ppb or less. More preferably, it is 10 mass ppb or less, further preferably 5 mass ppb or less, and particularly preferably less than 5 mass ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- the amount of the above perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt can be measured by liquid chromatography.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure may have a total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof of 50 mass ppb or less, preferably less than 25 mass ppb, preferably 20 mass. It is more preferably ppb or less, further preferably 15 mass ppb or less, further preferably 10 mass ppb or less, particularly preferably 5 mass ppb or less, and less than 5 mass ppb. Is the most preferable.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- the total amount of the perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt is the time point after the step (2), the composite step (A), the composite step (C), the step (X) or the step (Y2) is carried out. Therefore, it is preferably within the above range, and more preferably within the above range even after further heating (for example, heating during processing) is performed.
- the amount of the perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt can be measured by liquid chromatography. Further, according to the production method of the present disclosure, it is possible to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE in which the total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 9 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof is within the above range.
- the production method of the present disclosure it is difficult to produce perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt, and further, the above-mentioned perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt even by heating during processing such as adding to a matrix resin and heat-molding, and it is reliable. It is also possible to produce low molecular weight PTFE having high properties. The reason is not clear, but it is presumed as follows. In addition to adding free hydrogen atoms generated from substances capable of producing the free hydrogen atoms to the main chain radicals and terminal radicals generated by irradiation of the high molecular weight PTFE during irradiation, the free hydrogen atoms are added after the irradiation.
- the hydrogen molecules generated from a substance capable of producing an atom react with the main chain radical and the terminal radical, so that the main chain radical and the terminal radical are sufficiently extinguished. Therefore, even if it is heated in the presence of oxygen at the stage of application to the application, it is possible to prevent the main chain radical and the terminal radical from reacting with oxygen, and the perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and the perfluorocarboxylic acid thereof. It is considered that the formation of salts, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts, can be suppressed.
- the amount of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the following heating / measurement condition A may be less than 100 mass ppb and may be less than 50 mass ppb. , 25 mass ppb or less, preferably 20 mass ppb or less, more preferably 15 mass ppb or less, further preferably 10 mass ppb or less, and 5 mass ppb or less. Is even more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that the mass is less than 5 mass ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- the low molecular weight PTFE in which the amount of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt obtained according to the heating / measurement condition A is within the above range is obtained even when heated in the presence of oxygen at the stage of application to various applications such as processing. , Perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts are difficult to produce.
- Heating / Measurement condition A A 50 cc stainless steel tubular airtight container is filled with 2 to 20 g of a sample in the air, covered, and heated at 150 ° C. for 18 hours. The content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt is measured using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (Waters, LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC / TQD).
- ESI Electron ionization
- the cone voltage is set to 25 V
- the precursor ion molecular weight / product ion molecular weight is measured at 413/369.
- the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts is calculated using an external standard method.
- the detection limit in this measurement is 5 mass ppb.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure may have a total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 9 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof determined according to the following heating / measurement condition B of less than 100 mass ppb, and may be 50 mass ppb. It may be less than 25 mass ppb, more preferably 20 mass ppb or less, further preferably 15 mass ppb or less, still more preferably 10 mass ppb or less. It is particularly preferably 5, mass ppb or less, and most preferably less than 5 mass ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- the low molecular weight PTFE in which the amount of the perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt determined according to the heating / measurement condition B is within the above range is when heated in the presence of oxygen at the stage of application to various uses such as processing. Also, it is difficult to produce the above-mentioned perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt.
- Heating / Measurement condition B A 50 cc stainless steel tubular airtight container is filled with 2 to 20 g of a sample in the air, covered, and heated at 150 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (Waters, LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC / TQD) is used to measure the content of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof.
- a liquid phase in which perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof are extracted in the same manner as in the heating / measurement condition A is used, and measurement is performed using the MRM method.
- Nonanoic acid (9 carbons) is 463/419
- perfluorodecanoic acid (10 carbons) is 513/469
- perfluoroundecanoic acid (11 carbons) is 563/519
- perfluorododecanoic acid (12 carbons) is.
- perfluorotridecanoic acid measures 663/619
- perfluorotetradecanoic acid measures 713/669.
- the total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 9 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof was calculated from the content (X) of perfluorooctanoic acid obtained from the above measurement using the following formula.
- the detection limit in this measurement is 5 mass ppb.
- a C8 peak area of perfluoro dodecanoic acid: Par peak area of perfluorooctanoic acid
- a C9 peak area of perfluoro nonanoic acid
- a C10 Peak of perfluoro decanoic acid area
- a C11 Peak of perfluoro undecanoic acid area
- a C12 AC13 Peak area of perfluorotridecanoic acid
- AC14 Peak area of perfluorotetradecanoic acid
- X Content of perfluorooctanoic acid calculated using an external standard method from the measurement results using the MRM method
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained after carrying out the above steps (2), composite step (A), composite step (C), step (X) or step (Y2) has an oxygen atom in a part of the side chain on the main chain. It is preferable that it is a low molecular weight PTFE having a carbon atom and a low molecular weight PTFE composed of a carbon atom and a fluorine atom.
- the low molecular weight PTFE having an oxygen atom in a part of the side chain on the main chain or the low molecular weight PTFE composed of a carbon atom and a fluorine atom has a carbon-carbon bond and has an oxygen atom at the end of the molecular chain. It is a compound that does not contain.
- R 1 (Main chain radical / terminal radical deactivation process)
- R 1 (-CF CF 2 -CF 2 ) x- R 2
- R 1 (-CF C (R 4 ) -CF 2 ) y- R 2
- R 1 (-CF C (R 4 ) -CF 2 ) y- R 2
- R 1 (-CF C (R 4 ) -CF 2 ) y- R 2
- R 1 (-CF C (R 6 ) -CF 2 ) y- R 2
- R 1 is independently at each appearance, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, -CF 3 groups
- -CF CF 2 groups
- -CF CHF group,- CH 2 F group, -CHF 2 group, or a -CH
- R f is a perfluoroorganic group, preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- x is an integer of 1 to 1000, preferably 2 to 500.
- y is an integer of 1 to 1000, preferably 2 to 500.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometer
- FT-Raman Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy
- the low molecular weight PTFE has a ratio (main chain radical / terminal radical) of 10 to the intensity of the signal corresponding to the main chain radical obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement and the intensity of the signal corresponding to the terminal radical. It is preferably 1/1 or more, more preferably 15/1 or more, more preferably 20/1 or more, and even more preferably 30/1 or more. The above ratio is based on the strength of the signal corresponding to the main chain radical (double quintet) and the signal corresponding to the terminal radical (triplet) when the ESR measurement in vacuum is clearly detected.
- the signal intensity corresponding to the main chain type (asymmetric) and terminal type (symmetryc) peroxide radicals detected by the ESR measurement performed after exposing the sample to the atmosphere It shall be calculated based on. In particular, measurement at liquid nitrogen temperature is effective for the separation of radical peroxides.
- the radical deactivation in step (2) is not performed
- a large amount of terminal radicals remains, so that the above ratio is high. It does not fall within the above range.
- the low molecular weight PTFE preferably has at least one selected from the group consisting of a molecular structure containing a hydrogen atom and a molecular chain containing a double bond in the molecule.
- a molecular structure containing a hydrogen atom and a molecular chain containing a double bond are formed inside the obtained low molecular weight PTFE.
- a radiolytic gas containing hydrogen gas as a main component is generated from the closed container at the time of irradiation.
- a molecular structure containing a hydrogen atom or a molecular chain containing a double bond is formed inside the obtained low molecular weight PTFE.
- the material containing a hydrogen atom an organic material containing a hydrogen atom is preferable, and a rubber material containing a hydrogen atom such as ethylene-propylene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, and a polyester elastomer; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- Ethylene -A thermoplastic organic material containing a hydrogen atom such as a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer can be used.
- hydrogen gas is directly used as a gas having a radical trapping ability when carrying out step (2c)
- a molecular structure containing a hydrogen atom or a molecular chain containing a double bond is formed inside the obtained low molecular weight PTFE. Will be done.
- the signal attributed to -CF (CF 3 ) 2 can be confirmed in the vicinity of -58 ppm.
- the fact that the low molecular weight PTFE has a structure containing a hydrogen atom can be confirmed by performing 1 H NMR measurement under the following measurement conditions and then continuing 13 CP / MAS NMR measurement.
- the triplet corresponding to the terminal radical The peak of double quintet corresponding to the main chain radical (alkyl radical) is observed.
- the ratio Peak M / Peak A is preferably less than 3.0, preferably less than 2.5. More preferably, it is more preferably less than 2.0. Further, the ratio Peak A / Peak M is preferably larger than 0.3, more preferably larger than 0.4, and further preferably larger than 0.45.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the above peak.
- low molecular weight PTFE having a hydrogen atom in the molecule can be produced.
- the high molecular weight PTFE is irradiated with ionizing radiation in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a substance capable of generating free hydrogen atoms
- the free hydrogen atoms cappulate the carbon radicals in the molecule generated by the irradiation.
- a low molecular weight PTFE molecule having a hydrogen atom is generated.
- Hydrogen atoms in low molecular weight PTFE molecules are detected as functional groups derived from hydrogen adducts at an absorption frequency of around 3000 to 4000 cm -1.
- the following low molecular weight PTFE can be produced.
- Low molecular weight PTFE (1) The melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s.
- the peak obtained by electron spin resonance measurement under vacuum satisfies the following relational expression (I), the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt is less than 25 mass ppb, and the above-mentioned heating / measurement conditions
- Peak M represents the peak height of the center of the triplet corresponding to the terminal radical in the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- Peak A is the double quintet corresponding to the main chain radical in the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene. Represents the peak height.
- the peak obtained by ESR measurement under vacuum satisfies the above relational expression (I). Satisfaction of the above relational expression (I) indicates that the amount of alkyl-type peroxide radicals on the main chain and the amount of peroxides trapped at the end of the molecular chain are almost nonexistent.
- the conditions for ESR measurement under vacuum are as described above.
- the ratio Peak M / Peak A is more preferably less than 2.5, and even more preferably less than 2.0. Further, the ratio Peak A / Peak M is more preferably larger than 0.4, and further preferably larger than 0.45.
- Low molecular weight PTFE (1) can be produced by performing all steps without exposing the product to oxygen even once.
- Low molecular weight PTFE (2) The melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, and the peaks obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement in the atmosphere are the following relational expressions (1) and ( 2) is satisfied, the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt is less than 25 mass ppb, and the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the above-mentioned heating / measurement condition A is less than 100 mass ppb.
- ESR electron spin resonance
- Peak M2 represents the absolute value of the negative peak intensity corresponding to the peroxide radical captured at the end of the molecular chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- Peak A1 represents the absolute value of the negative peak intensity on the main chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Peak M2 represents the absolute value of the negative peak intensity corresponding to the peroxide radical captured at the end of the molecular chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- Peak M3 represents the end of the molecular chain of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene. Represents the absolute value of the positive peak intensity corresponding to the peroxide radical captured in.
- the peak obtained by ESR measurement in the atmosphere satisfies the above relational expressions (1) and (2).
- the amount of alkyl-type peroxide radicals on the main chain is present at a ratio of 90.91% or more with respect to the amount of radical peroxides captured at the end of the molecular chain.
- the above ESR measurement is carried out in the atmosphere under the following conditions. Equipment: JES-RE2X, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- the negative peak M2 corresponding to the peroxide radical trapped at the molecular chain end of the low molecular weight PTFE and the positive peak M2 corresponding to the peroxide radical trapped at the molecular chain end of the low molecular weight PTFE are mainly observed.
- the peak M2 may be a positive peak observed at a magnetic field strength of 332.0 to 333.0 mT.
- the peak M3 may be a negative peak observed at a magnetic field strength of 333.2 to 334.2 mT.
- the peak A1 may be a negative peak observed at a magnetic field strength of 334.5 to 335.5 mT.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of these peaks.
- the combination of peaks M2 and M3 is referred to as peak M1.
- the peak A1 becomes small.
- Peak M2 represents the absolute value of the intensity of the peak M2 described above
- Peak A1 represents the absolute value of the intensity of the peak A1 described above.
- Peak M2 / Peak A1 is 1.0 or more, preferably 1.2 or more.
- the Peak M2 / Peak A1 may also be 6.0 or less, preferably 5.5 or less.
- Peak M2 represents the absolute value of the intensity of the peak M2 described above
- Peak M3 represents the absolute value of the intensity of the peak M3 described above.
- Peak M2 / Peak M3 is less than 1.0, preferably 0.9 or less. Peak M2 / Peak M3 may also be 0.1 or more, preferably 0.2 or more.
- the low molecular weight PTFE (2) is also preferably a TFE homopolymer.
- the low molecular weight PTFE (3) has excellent compatibility with dissimilar organic substances containing hydrogen atoms.
- the absorbance corresponding to the functional group derived from the hydrogen adduct can be measured by the following method. (Measuring method) It conforms to the method for analyzing terminal groups described in JP-A-4-20507.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder is premolded by a hand press to prepare a film having a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Infrared absorption spectrum analysis is performed on the produced film. Infrared absorption spectrum analysis of PTFE in which the functional groups present in the molecule prepared by contacting PTFE with fluorine gas was completely fluorinated was also performed, and from the difference spectrum between the two, the functionality derived from the hydrogen adduct in the PTFE molecule was performed.
- the height of the absorbance corresponding to the group can be measured.
- the absolute value of the absorbance corresponding to the functional group derived from the hydrogen adduct in the PTFE molecule can be obtained.
- the standard value is 1.1 to 10.0, preferably 1.1 to 8.0, and more preferably 1.1 to 6.0.
- the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by irradiating in the absence of the substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms in the formula (3) is irradiated in the absence of the substance capable of producing free hydrogen atoms. Except for the point, it is preferably produced under the same conditions as the low molecular weight PTFE (5).
- the absorbance corresponding to the functional group derived from the hydrogen adduct in the PTFE molecule is theoretically 0.000. ..
- the absorbance is usually 0.001 to 0.005 due to an extremely small amount of free hydrogen atoms generated from a container or the like used in the ionizing radiation irradiation step.
- the contents of the perfluorocarboxylic acid and the salt thereof of 14 are the same as those described above for the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure.
- Low molecular weight PTFE (1) to (5) not only has an extremely small amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid containing perfluorooctanoic acid and salts thereof, but also in the presence of oxygen at the stage of application to various applications such as during processing. It is difficult to produce perfluorocarboxylic acids containing perfluorooctanoic acid and salts thereof even when heated to.
- the low molecular weight PTFEs (1) to (5) have excellent physical properties that are not inferior to those of conventionally known low molecular weight PTFE, and can be used in the same manner as conventionally known low molecular weight PTFE, and can be used for the same purposes. Can be used.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is preferably in the molecular chain terminal has a carboxyl group of 5 or less number 10 per 6 main chain carbons.
- the carboxyl group is more preferably 4 or less per 10 6 carbon atoms in the main chain, and further preferably 3 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be an amount less than the detection limit.
- the carboxyl group is generated at the end of the molecular chain of the low molecular weight PTFE, for example, by irradiating the high molecular weight PTFE with the radiation in the presence of oxygen.
- the number of the above carboxyl groups is a value measured by the following method.
- the detection limit by this measuring method is 0.5.
- the following measurements are carried out in accordance with the method for analyzing terminal groups described in JP-A-4-20507.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder is premolded by a hand press to prepare a film having a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm.
- Infrared absorption spectrum analysis is performed on the produced film.
- Infrared absorption spectrum analysis of PTFE with completely fluorinated ends prepared by contacting PTFE with fluorine gas is also performed, and the number of terminal carboxyl groups is calculated from the difference spectrum between the two by the following equation.
- the low molecular weight PTFE also has a reduced content of functional groups other than the carboxyl group, which can be generated by irradiation in the presence of oxygen or by the reaction of radicals generated by the irradiation with oxygen.
- the functional group other than the carboxyl group include an acid fluoride group (-COF) at the end of the molecular chain and a carbonyl group (-CO-) in the molecular chain.
- the low molecular weight PTFE preferably has an absorbance corresponding to the acid fluoride group at the end of the molecular chain of 0.025 or less, and more preferably 0.020 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be a value less than the detection limit.
- the absorbance corresponding to the carbonyl group in the molecular chain is preferably 0.020 or less, more preferably 0.010 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be a value less than the detection limit.
- the above-mentioned absorbance is a value measured according to the method for analyzing terminal groups described in JP-A-4-20507.
- the absorption frequency of the acid fluoride group is around 1880 cm -1
- the absorption frequency of the carbonyl group is around 1810 cm -1.
- An unstable terminal group derived from the chemical structure of the polymerization initiator or chain transfer agent used in the polymerization reaction of the high molecular weight PTFE may be generated at the end of the molecular chain of the low molecular weight PTFE.
- the unstable terminal group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include -CH 2 OH, -COOH, and -COOCH 3 .
- the low molecular weight PTFE may be one in which unstable end groups are stabilized.
- the method for stabilizing the unstable terminal group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for changing the terminal to a trifluoromethyl group [ ⁇ CF 3] by exposure to a fluorine-containing gas.
- the low molecular weight PTFE may also be terminal amidated.
- the method of terminal amidation is not particularly limited, and for example, as disclosed in JP-A-4-20507, a fluorocarbonyl group [-COF] obtained by exposure to a fluorine-containing gas or the like is used. Examples thereof include a method of contacting with ammonia gas.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is the one obtained by stabilizing or terminal amidating the unstable terminal group described above, it is used as an additive to a mating material such as a paint, grease, cosmetics, plating solution, toner, or plastics. In addition, it is easy to adapt to the mating material and can improve the dispersibility.
- the PTFE to be irradiated may be a homo-PTFE consisting only of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) units, or a modified PTFE containing a TFE unit and a modified monomer unit based on a modified monomer copolymerizable with TFE. good. Since the composition of the polymer does not change in the production method of the present disclosure, the low molecular weight PTFE has the same composition as that of the PTFE irradiated with the radiation.
- the content of the modified monomer unit is preferably 0.001 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and 0.5% by mass of all the monomer units. The following is more preferable, and 0.1% by mass or less is further preferable.
- the modified monomer unit means a part of the molecular structure of the modified PTFE and derived from the modified monomer, and the total monomer unit means all the single amounts in the molecular structure of the modified PTFE. It means the part derived from the body.
- the content of the modified monomer unit can be determined by a known method such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
- the modified monomer is not particularly limited as long as it can be copolymerized with TFE, and is, for example, a perfluoroolefin such as hexafluoropropylene [HFP]; a chlorofluoroolefin such as chlorotrifluoroethylene [CTFE]; Hydrogen-containing fluoroolefins such as trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride [VDF]; perfluorovinyl ether; perfluoroalkylethylene; ethylene and the like can be mentioned. Further, the modified monomer used may be one kind or a plurality of kinds.
- a perfluoroolefin such as hexafluoropropylene [HFP]
- a chlorofluoroolefin such as chlorotrifluoroethylene [CTFE]
- Hydrogen-containing fluoroolefins such as trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride [VDF]
- Rf represents a perfluoroorganic group.
- perfluoroorganic group means an organic group in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms.
- the perfluoroorganic group may have ether oxygen.
- perfluorovinyl ether examples include perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) [PAVE] in which Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the above general formula (1).
- the number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group is preferably 1 to 5.
- Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group in PAVE include a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, and the like.
- Rf is a perfluoro (alkoxyalkyl) group having 4 to 9 carbon atoms, and Rf is the following formula:
- Rf is the following formula:
- n an integer of 1 to 4.
- the perfluoroalkylethylene is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include (perfluorobutyl) ethylene (PFBE), (perfluorohexyl) ethylene, and (perfluorooctyl) ethylene.
- the modified monomer in the modified PTFE is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of HFP, CTFE, VDF, PPVE, PFBE and ethylene. More preferably, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of HFP and CTFE.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is suitably used as a molding material, an ink, a cosmetic, a paint, a grease, a member for office automation equipment, an additive for modifying a toner, an organic photoconductor material for a copying machine, an additive for a plating solution, and the like. can do.
- the molding material include engineering plastics such as polyoxybenzoyl polyester, polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacetal, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is particularly suitable as a thickener for grease.
- the low molecular weight PTFE can be used as an additive for molding materials, for example, to improve the non-adhesiveness / sliding characteristics of copy rolls, the texture of engineering plastic molded products such as surface sheets of furniture, automobile dashboards, and covers of home appliances.
- Applications for improving slipperiness and abrasion resistance of mechanical parts that cause mechanical friction such as light load bearings, gears, cams, pushphone buttons, projectors, camera parts, sliding materials, processing of engineering plastics It can be suitably used as an auxiliary agent or the like.
- the low molecular weight PTFE can be used as an additive for paints for the purpose of improving the slipperiness of varnishes and paints.
- the low molecular weight PTFE can be used as an additive for cosmetics for the purpose of improving the slipperiness of cosmetics such as foundations.
- the low molecular weight PTFE is further suitable for applications such as wax and the like for improving oil repellency or water repellency, and applications for improving the slipperiness of grease and toner.
- the low molecular weight PTFE can also be used as an electrode binder for a secondary battery or a fuel cell, a hardness adjusting agent for the electrode binder, a water repellent treatment agent for the electrode surface, and the like.
- Greases can also be prepared using the low molecular weight PTFE and lubricating oil. Since the grease is characterized by containing the low molecular weight PTFE and the lubricating oil, the low molecular weight PTFE is uniformly and stably dispersed in the lubricating oil, and has low load resistance, electrical insulation, and low resistance. Has excellent properties such as moisture absorption.
- the lubricating oil (base oil) may be a mineral oil or a synthetic oil.
- Examples of the lubricating oil (base oil) include paraffin-based and naphthen-based mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbon oils, ester oils, fluorine oils, synthetic oils such as silicone oils, and the like.
- Fluorine oil is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance, and examples of the above-mentioned fluorine oil include perfluoropolyether oil and low polymers of ethylene trifluoride chloride.
- the low polymer of ethylene trifluoride chloride may have a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 1200.
- the grease may further contain a thickener.
- the thickening agent include metal soap, composite metal soap, bentonite, phthalocyanine, silica gel, urea compound, urea / urethane compound, urethane compound, imide compound and the like.
- the metal soap include sodium soap, calcium soap, aluminum soap, lithium soap and the like.
- the urea compound, urea-urethane compound and urethane compound include diurea compounds, triurea compounds, tetraurea compounds, other polyurea compounds, urea-urethane compounds, diurethane compounds and mixtures thereof.
- the grease preferably contains the low molecular weight PTFE in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, further preferably 5% by mass or more, and preferably 50% by mass or less. More preferred. If the amount of the low molecular weight PTFE is too large, the grease may become too hard to exhibit sufficient lubricity, and if the amount of the low molecular weight PTFE is too small, the sealing property may not be exhibited.
- the grease may also contain a solid lubricant, an extreme pressure agent, an antioxidant, an oily agent, an anticorrosive agent, a viscosity index improver, a cleaning dispersant and the like.
- the present disclosure includes a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene which melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is at 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, and a substance capable of generating a free hydrogen atom, perfluoro It also relates to compositions in which the content of octanoic acid and its salts is less than 25 mass ppb.
- the composition of the present disclosure is a novel low molecular weight PTFE composition having a low content of perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof.
- the monomer composition of the low molecular weight PTFE in the composition of the present disclosure and the suitable melt viscosity are the same as those described above for the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure.
- the low molecular weight PTFE in the composition of the present disclosure may have at least one selected from the group consisting of a molecular structure containing a hydrogen atom and a molecular chain containing a double bond in the molecule.
- the molecular structure containing a hydrogen atom and the molecular chain containing a double bond are as described above.
- the low molecular weight PTFE in the composition of the present disclosure also has the same ESR (vacuum or atmospheric) peak, molecular structure, and standard value as the low molecular weight PTFE (1) to (5) described above. May be good. These peaks, molecular structures, and standard values are as described above.
- Examples of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom in the composition of the present disclosure include substances similar to the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom that can be used in the step (1) in the production method of the present disclosure. Can be done.
- the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom in the composition of the present disclosure may be at least a part decomposed or crosslinked, and at least a part may be decomposed or crosslinked by radiation.
- the form of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom in the composition of the present disclosure is not limited.
- the content of the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom in the composition of the present disclosure is preferably 0.0001 to 1000% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass or more, based on the low molecular weight PTFE. It is more preferably 2% by mass or more, particularly preferably 10% by mass or more, further preferably 150% by mass or less, further preferably 100% by mass or less, and 50% by mass. It is even more preferably less than or equal to 25% by mass or less.
- the amount thereof when the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is a high molecular weight compound (molecular weight 1000 or more), the amount thereof shall be 0.1 to 1000% by mass with respect to the low molecular weight PTFE. Is preferable, 1% by mass or more is more preferable, 5% by mass or more is further preferable, 10% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 100% by mass or less is more preferable. It is more preferably mass% or less, and particularly preferably 25 mass% or less.
- the amount thereof when the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom is a low molecular weight compound (molecular weight less than 1000), the amount thereof shall be 0.0001 to 100% by mass with respect to the low molecular weight PTFE. It is more preferably 0.001% by mass or more, further preferably 0.01% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and 100% by mass or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 50% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or less.
- compositions of the present disclosure have a content of perfluorooctanoic acid and a salt thereof of less than 25 mass ppb.
- the content of the perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt is preferably 20 mass ppb or less, more preferably 15 mass ppb or less, further preferably 10 mass ppb or less, and 5 mass ppb or less. It is even more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that the mass is less than 5 mass ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- the amount of the above perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt can be measured by liquid chromatography.
- the composition of the present disclosure may have a total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof of 50 mass ppb or less, preferably less than 25 mass ppb, and preferably 20 mass ppb or less. More preferably, it is 15 mass ppb or less, further preferably 10 mass ppb or less, particularly preferably 5 mass ppb or less, and most preferably less than 5 mass ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- the composition of the present disclosure is obtained through the above-mentioned steps (2), composite step (A), composite step (C), step (X) or step (Y2), the above-mentioned 4 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the total amount of the perfluorocarboxylic acid and the salt thereof of 14 is within the above range at the time after performing the step (2), the composite step (A), the composite step (C), the step (X) or the step (Y2). It is more preferable that the temperature is within the above range even after further heating (for example, heating during processing) is performed.
- the amount of the perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt can be measured by liquid chromatography. Further, in the composition of the present disclosure, it is also preferable that the total amount of the perfluorocarboxylic acid having 9 to 14 carbon atoms and the salt thereof is within the above range.
- the amount of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the above-mentioned heating / measurement condition A may be less than 100 mass ppb, less than 50 mass ppb, and less than 25 mass ppb. It may be, preferably 20 mass ppb or less, more preferably 15 mass ppb or less, further preferably 10 mass ppb or less, further preferably 5 mass ppb or less, 5 mass. It is particularly preferably less than ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- a composition in which the amount of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt determined according to the heating / measurement condition A is within the above range is even when heated in the presence of oxygen at the stage of application to various uses such as processing. It is difficult to produce perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts.
- the total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 9 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof determined according to the above-mentioned heating / measurement condition B may be less than 100 mass ppb, and may be less than 50 mass ppb. , 25 mass ppb or less, more preferably 20 mass ppb or less, further preferably 15 mass ppb or less, even more preferably 10 mass ppb or less, and 5 mass ppb or less. It is particularly preferable to have, and most preferably less than 5 mass ppb.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an amount less than the detection limit, 0.001 mass ppb, or 1 mass ppb.
- a composition in which the amount of the perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt determined according to the heating / measurement condition B is within the above range is even when heated in the presence of oxygen at the stage of application to various uses such as processing. , It is difficult to produce the above-mentioned perfluorocarboxylic acid and its salt.
- composition of the present disclosure can be produced, for example, by the production method of the present disclosure described above.
- the composition of the present disclosure can be applied to the same uses as the low molecular weight PTFE obtained by the production method of the present disclosure described above. Among them, it can be suitably applied as an additive for molding materials.
- the molding material is a substance of the same type as the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom
- the composition of the present disclosure can be added as it is, which is preferable. If necessary, the substance capable of producing the free hydrogen atom may be removed from the composition of the present disclosure before use.
- the low molecular weight PTFE contained in the composition of the present disclosure has excellent physical properties that are not inferior to those of conventionally known low molecular weight PTFE, can be used in the same manner as conventionally known low molecular weight PTFE, and has the same uses. Can be used for.
- PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid and its salt
- a separation column ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7 ⁇ m
- the column temperature was 40 ° C.
- the injection volume was 5 ⁇ L.
- ESI Electronpray ionization
- Negative was used, the cone voltage was set to 25 V, and the precursor ion molecular weight / product ion molecular weight was measured to be 413/369.
- the contents of perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts were calculated using an external standard method. The detection limit in this measurement is 5 mass ppb.
- a stainless steel tubular airtight container having a PFOA content of 50 cc was filled with 2 to 20 g of a sample in the air, covered, and heated at 150 ° C. for 18 hours. Using 1 g of the heated sample, the PFOA content was measured by the same method as described above.
- Butyric acid (4 carbons) is 213/169
- perfluoropentanoic acid (5 carbons) is 263/219
- perfluorocaproic acid (6 carbons) is 313/269
- perfluoroheptanic acid (7 carbons) is.
- the total amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a salt thereof was calculated from the content (X) of perfluorooctanoic acid obtained from the above measurement using the following formula.
- the detection limit in this measurement is 5 mass ppb.
- a C4 peak area of perfluorooctanoic acid: Par peak area of fluoro butanoic acid A
- a C5 Peak of perfluoropentane acid area
- a C6 peak of perfluorohexane acid area
- a C7 Peak of perfluoro heptanoic acid area
- a C8 A C9 Peak area of perfluorononanic acid
- a C10 Peak area of perfluorodecanoic acid
- a C11 Peak area of perfluoroundecanoic acid
- a C12 Peak area of perfluorododecanoic acid
- a C13 Peak of perfluorotridecanoic acid Area
- AC14 Peak area of perfluorotetradecanoic acid
- X Perfluorooctanoic acid content calculated by using an external standard method from the measurement results using
- a stainless steel tubular airtight container having a PFC content of 50 cc after reheating in the air was filled with a sample of 2 to 20 g in the air, covered, and heated at 150 ° C. for 18 hours. Using 1 g of the heated sample, the PFC content was measured by the same method as described above.
- the absorbance was determined by the following measurement method, and the standard value was calculated by the following formula.
- Standard value (absorbance of the functional group derived from the hydrogen adduct of the measured powder) / (the functional group derived from the hydrogen adduct of the powder obtained by irradiation in the absence of a substance capable of producing a free hydrogen atom) Absorbance) (Measuring method)
- the absorbance corresponding to the functional group derived from the hydrogen adduct was measured according to the method for analyzing a terminal group described in JP-A-4-20507.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder was premolded by a hand press to prepare a film having a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Infrared absorption spectrum analysis was performed on the produced film.
- Infrared absorption spectrum analysis of PTFE in which the functional groups present in the molecule prepared by contacting PTFE with fluorine gas was completely fluorinated was also performed, and from the difference spectrum between the two, the functionality derived from the hydrogen adduct in the PTFE molecule was performed.
- the height of the absorbance corresponding to the group was measured.
- the absolute value of the absorbance corresponding to the functional group derived from the hydrogen adduct in the PTFE molecule was obtained.
- Oxygen concentration in the closed container The gas layer part in the closed container was measured by gas chromatography analysis. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the oxygen concentration was less than 2.0% by volume (absence of oxygen) by changing the color tone of the oxygen indicator enclosed in the closed container from purple to pink. Furthermore, it was confirmed by the oxygen concentration meter that the oxygen concentration was less than 2.0% by volume. The confirmation that the oxygen concentration was less than 0.1% by volume was also performed in the same manner.
- Example 1 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are below the detection limit. (Yes) 20 g was weighed with a weight balance and placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. Next, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation), which were similarly weighed to 20 g with a weight balance, were placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. The high molecular weight PTFE and the polyethylene pellets were prevented from coming into contact with each other by providing a partition near the center of the barrier nylon bag so that only gas could flow.
- PFC perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt
- one oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was added to each of the high molecular weight PTFE side and the polyethylene pellet side.
- A-500HS manufactured by AS ONE Corporation
- the inside of the bag was decompressed (20 torr) using a vacuum sealer device (Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd. V-300-10W), and then sealed by heat sealing.
- the bag made of barrier nylon was irradiated with ⁇ -rays of 400 kGy.
- the irradiation conditions at this time were an average dose rate of 6.25 kGy / h at the center of the sample and a room temperature of 25 ° C. in the irradiation facility.
- Example 2 Gamma rays were irradiated in the same manner as in Example 1. Subsequently, the bag was opened and left open in the air for one day, then only PTFE was placed in a 50 mL SUS tubular autoclave, and a new oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was added. Was put in and sealed. Then, after repeating the flow of nitrogen gas in the autoclave and the exhaust by the oil rotary pump three times, the inside of the autoclave was depressurized (2.7 torr). A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained by heat treatment (accelerated deactivation process) at 80 ° C. for 18 hours using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech). Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that no oxygen scavenger was added to the autoclave. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1 A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyethylene pellets were not placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 2 A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the polyethylene pellets were not placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the polyethylene pellets were not placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are below the detection limit. 30g was weighed with a weight balance and placed in a barrier nylon bag. Next, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation), which were similarly weighed to 15 g with a weight balance, were placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. The high molecular weight PTFE and the polyethylene pellets were mixed in a barrier nylon bag. Further, one bag of oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was put in the bag.
- A-500HS oxygen scavenger
- the inside of the bag was decompressed (20 torr) using a vacuum sealer device (Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd. V-300-10W), and then sealed by heat sealing.
- the bag made of barrier nylon was irradiated with ⁇ -rays of 400 kGy.
- the irradiation conditions at this time were an average dose rate of 6.25 kGy / h at the center of the sample and a room temperature of 25 ° C. in the irradiation facility. Subsequently, after storing the bag at room temperature of 20 to 28 ° C.
- Comparative Example 4 A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the polyethylene pellets were not placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5-1 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected. 30 g (below the limit) was weighed on a weight balance and placed in a barrier nylon bag. Next, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation) weighed in the same manner to 0.3 g, 1.5 g, 3.0 g, 7.5 g, and 15 g on a weight balance were placed in a barrier nylon bag. I put it in. The high molecular weight PTFE and the polyethylene pellets were mixed in a barrier nylon bag.
- PFC perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt
- one bag of oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was put in the bag.
- the inside of the bag was decompressed (20 torr) using a vacuum sealer device (Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd. V-300-10W), and then sealed by heat sealing.
- the bag made of barrier nylon was irradiated with ⁇ -rays of 400 kGy.
- the irradiation conditions at this time were an average dose rate of 6.25 kGy / h at the center of the sample and a room temperature of 25 ° C. in the irradiation facility.
- Example 5-2 Examples except that high-molecular-weight PTFE fine powder (2) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.175, and the concentrations of modified product 1, PFC and PFOA are below the detection limit) was used. Low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in 5-1. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 5-3 Examples except that high-molecular-weight PTFE fine powder (3) (based on ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.168, concentrations of modified product 2, PFC and PFOA are below the detection limit) was used. Low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in 5-1. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 5-4 Example 5 except that high molecular weight PTFE molding powder (4) (based on ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.160, concentrations of homozygous, PFC and PFOA is below the detection limit) was used. A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in -1. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 5-1 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard specific gravity: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected. The same operation as in Example 5-1 was carried out except that polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) were not added to 30 g (which is below the limit). Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 5-2 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (2) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.175, modified product 1, PFC and PFOA concentrations are below the detection limit) 30 g of polyethylene pellets (harmonic) The same operation as in Example 5-2 was carried out except that Rex LLDPE and Nippon Polyethylene Corporation were not added. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 5-3 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (3) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.168, modified product 2, PFC and PFOA concentrations are below the detection limit) 30 g of polyethylene pellets (harmonic) The same operation as in Example 5-3 was carried out except that Rex LLDPE and Nippon Polyethylene Corporation were not added. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 5-4 High molecular weight PTFE molding powder (4) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.160, concentrations of homozygous, PFC and PFOA are below the detection limit) for 30 g of polyethylene pellets (Harmorex). The same operation as in Example 5-4 was carried out except that LLDPE and Nippon Polyethylene Corporation were not added. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 6-1 A 30L aluminum bag (inner bag polyethylene) was set in an 18L Ito-kan, and a polyethylene pellet (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) and a deoxidizer (made by Harmorex LLDPE, Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) weighed to 0.2 kg with a weight balance. 15 bags of A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Co., Ltd. were put in the bottom of the above bags. There, the standard specific gravity measured according to high molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (ASTM D 4895): 2.171, homozygous acid, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and PFOA.
- ASTM D 4895 high molecular weight PTFE fine powder
- the above-mentioned itto-kan was irradiated with 179 kGy of ⁇ -rays on each side to obtain a total of 358 kGy.
- the irradiation conditions at this time were an average dose rate of 6.25 kGy / h at the center of the sample and a room temperature of 25 ° C. in the irradiation facility.
- the bag is used as it is in the state of the bag using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech).
- Heat treatment (accelerated deactivation process) was carried out at 80 ° C. for 96 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder.
- Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 6-2 A 30L aluminum bag (inner bag polyethylene) was set in an 18L Ito-kan, and polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) and a deoxidizer (made by Harmorex LLDPE, Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) weighed to 0.5 kg with a weight balance. Ten bags of A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Co., Ltd. were placed in the bottom of the bags. There, 1 kg of high molecular weight PTFE fine powder (2) (measured according to ASTM D 4895, standard specific gravity: 2.175, concentration of modified product 1, PFC and PFOA is below the detection limit) is weighed. Weighed and placed in the above aluminum bag.
- polyethylene pellets manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.
- a deoxidizer made by Harmorex LLDPE, Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.
- the irradiation conditions at this time were an average dose rate of 6.25 kGy / h at the center of the sample and a room temperature of 25 ° C. in the irradiation facility. Subsequently, after storing the bag at room temperature of 20 to 28 ° C. for 2 days (natural deactivation process) without opening the bag, the bag is used as it is in the state of the bag using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech). Heat treatment (accelerated deactivation process) was carried out at 80 ° C. for 36 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 7 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected. 30 g (below the limit) was weighed on a weight balance and placed in a barrier nylon bag. Next, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation), which were similarly weighed to 15 g, 30 g, 45 g, and 60 g with a weight balance, were placed in a bag made of barrier nylon. The high molecular weight PTFE and the polyethylene pellets were mixed in a barrier nylon bag.
- one bag of oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was put in the bag.
- the inside of the bag was decompressed (20 torr) using a vacuum sealer device (Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd. V-300-10W), and then sealed by heat sealing.
- the oxygen indicator installed in the bag in advance was pink.
- the PTFE in the barrier nylon bag is thinly and uniformly dispersed so as to be below the electron transmission depth, and at 2 MV, 2 mA using an electron accelerator (rated 2 MV, 60 kW) manufactured by Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. of 2 MV. Electron beam irradiation of 400 kGy was performed.
- the mobile irradiation was performed, the absorbed dose to the moving speed was 5 kGy per pass, the irradiation was started at room temperature, and the temperature at the end of the irradiation was 50 ° C.
- the bag is used as it is in the state of the bag using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech).
- Heat treatment was carried out at 80 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder.
- Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 8 After putting one bag of oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) in each aluminum tray with a length x width x height of 100 mm x 100 mm x 10 mm, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, Japan Polyethylene (Harmorex LLDPE, Japan Polyethylene) 2g, 4g, 8g, 12g and 20g were weighed with a weight balance and put into the mixture. On top of that, according to the high molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (ASTM D 4895), the standard specific gravity measured: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and PFOA.
- ASTM D 4895 high molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1)
- the mobile irradiation was performed, the absorbed dose to the moving speed was 5 kGy per pass, the irradiation was started at room temperature, and the temperature at the end of the irradiation was 50 ° C.
- the bag is used as it is in the state of the bag using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech).
- Heat treatment was carried out at 80 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder.
- Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 7.
- Example 9 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected. 30 g (below the limit) was weighed on a weight balance and placed in a barrier nylon bag. Next, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation), which were similarly weighed to 30 g with a weight balance, were placed in the barrier nylon bag. The high molecular weight PTFE and the polyethylene pellets were mixed in a barrier nylon bag.
- PFC perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt
- one bag of oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was put in the bag.
- the inside of the bag was decompressed (20 torr) using a vacuum sealer device (Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd. V-300-10W), and then sealed by heat sealing.
- the oxygen indicator installed in the bag in advance was pink.
- the PTFE in the barrier nylon bag is thinly and uniformly dispersed so as to be below the electron transmission depth, and at 2 MV, 2 mA using an electron accelerator (rated 2 MV, 60 kW) manufactured by Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. of 2 MV. Electron beam irradiation of 350 kGy, 400 kGy, and 450 kGy was performed.
- the mobile irradiation was performed, the absorbed dose to the moving speed was 5 kGy per pass, the irradiation was started at room temperature, and the temperature at the end of the irradiation was 50 ° C.
- the bag is used as it is in the state of the bag using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech).
- Heat treatment was carried out at 80 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder.
- Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 8.
- Example 10-1 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected. 30 g (below the limit) was weighed on a weight balance and placed in a barrier nylon bag. Next, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation), which were similarly weighed to 3 g with a weight balance, were placed in the barrier nylon bag. The high molecular weight PTFE and the polyethylene pellets were mixed in a barrier nylon bag.
- PFC perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt
- one bag of oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was put in the bag.
- the inside of the bag was decompressed (20 torr) using a vacuum sealer device (Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd. V-300-10W), and then sealed by heat sealing.
- the oxygen indicator installed in the bag in advance was pink.
- the PTFE in the barrier nylon bag is thinly and uniformly dispersed so as to be below the electron transmission depth, and at 2 MV, 2 mA using an electron accelerator (rated 2 MV, 60 kW) manufactured by Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. of 2 MV. Electron beam irradiation of 400 kGy was performed.
- the mobile irradiation was performed, the absorbed dose to the moving speed was 5 kGy per pass, the irradiation was started at room temperature, and the temperature at the end of the irradiation was 50 ° C.
- the bag is used as it is in the state of the bag using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech).
- Heat treatment was carried out at 80 ° C. for 18 hours, 72 hours and 168 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder.
- Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 9.
- Example 10-2 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard specific gravity: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected.
- Example 10 except that polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.), which were similarly weighed to 15 g with a weight balance, were placed in the barrier nylon bag with respect to 30 g (which is below the limit).
- a low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in -1.
- Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 9.
- Example 11-1 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected. 30 g (below the limit) was weighed on a weight balance and placed in a barrier nylon bag. Next, polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation), which were similarly weighed to 1.5 g, 3 g, 7.5 g, and 15 g with a weight balance, were placed in the barrier nylon bag described above. The high molecular weight PTFE and the polyethylene pellets were mixed in a barrier nylon bag.
- one bag of oxygen scavenger (A-500HS, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) was put in the bag.
- the inside of the bag was decompressed (20 torr) using a vacuum sealer device (Fuji Impulse Co., Ltd. V-300-10W), and then sealed by heat sealing.
- the oxygen indicator installed in the bag in advance was pink.
- the PTFE in the barrier nylon bag is thinly and uniformly dispersed so as to be below the electron transmission depth, and at 2 MV, 2 mA using an electron accelerator (rated 2 MV, 60 kW) manufactured by Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. of 2 MV. Electron beam irradiation of 400 kGy was performed.
- the mobile irradiation was performed, the absorbed dose to the moving speed was 5 kGy per pass, the irradiation was started at room temperature, and the temperature at the end of the irradiation was 50 ° C.
- the bag is used as it is in the state of the bag using FORCED CONVECTION OVEN (DRX620DA manufactured by Advantech).
- Heat treatment was carried out at 80 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder.
- Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Example 11-2 Examples except that high-molecular-weight PTFE fine powder (2) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.175, and the concentrations of modified product 1, PFC and PFOA are below the detection limit) was used. A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in 11-1. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Example 11-3 Examples except that high-molecular-weight PTFE fine powder (3) (based on ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.168, concentrations of modified product 2, PFC and PFOA are below the detection limit) was used. A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in 11-1. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Example 11-4 Example 11-1 and Example 11-1 except that a high molecular weight PTFE molding powder (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.160, concentrations of homozygous, PFC and PFOA are below the detection limit) was used. A low molecular weight PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Comparative Example 11-1 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (1) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard specific gravity: 2.171, homozygous, perfluorocarboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms and its salt (PFC), and concentration of PFOA are detected. The same operation as in Example 11-1 was carried out except that polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) were not added to 30 g (which is below the limit). Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Comparative Example 11-2 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (2) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.175, modified product 1, PFC and PFOA concentrations are below the detection limit) 30 g of polyethylene pellets (harmonic) The same operation as in Example 11-2 was carried out except that Rex LLDPE and Nippon Polyethylene Corporation were not added. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Comparative Example 11-3 High molecular weight PTFE fine powder (3) (according to ASTM D 4895, measured standard density: 2.168, modified product 2, PFC and PFOA concentrations are below the detection limit) 30 g of polyethylene pellets (harmonic) The same operation as in Example 11-3 was carried out except that Rex LLDPE and Nippon Polyethylene Corporation were not added. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Comparative Example 11-4 Polyethylene pellets (Harmorex LLDPE, Japan) for 30 g of high molecular weight PTFE molding powder (measured standard specific gravity according to ASTM D 4895, concentration of homozygous, PFC and PFOA is below the detection limit). The same operation as in Example 11-4 was carried out except that polyethylene (manufactured by Polyethylene Corporation) was not added. Various physical properties of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE powder were measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
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Abstract
Description
また、本開示は、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が少ない新規な低分子量PTFE組成物及び低分子量PTFEを提供することも目的とする。
関係式(I):3.0>Peak M/Peak A>0.3
(式中、Peak Mは低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン中の末端ラジカルに対応するtripletの中心のピーク高さを表し、Peak Aは低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン中の主鎖ラジカルに対応するdouble quintetのピーク高さを表す。)
パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満であり、かつ、後述する加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンにも関する。
関係式(1):Peak M2/Peak A1≧1.0
(式中、Peak M2は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表し、Peak A1は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの主鎖上に捕捉されたアルキル型過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表す。)
関係式(2):Peak M2/Peak M3<1.0
(式中、Peak M2は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表し、Peak M3は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する正のピーク強度の絶対値を表す。)
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行う。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行う。上記加熱後の試料1gにアセトニトリル5mlを加え、60分間の超音波処理を行い、パーフルオロオクタン酸を抽出する。得られた液相について、MRM(Multiple Reaction Monitoring)法を用いて測定する。移動相としてアセトニトリル(A)と酢酸アンモニウム水溶液(20mmol/L)(B)を、濃度勾配(A/B=40/60-2min-80/20-1min)で送液する。分離カラム(ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm)を使用し、カラム温度は40℃、注入量は5μLとする。イオン化法はESI(Electrospray ionization) Negativeを使用し、コーン電圧は25Vに設定し、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は413/369を測定する。パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量は外部標準法を用い、算出する。
式(3):
規格値=(上記低分子量PTFEの、水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度)/(遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の非存在下で放射線照射を行って得られた低分子量PTFEの、水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度)
また、本開示によれば、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が少ない新規な低分子量PTFE組成物及び低分子量PTFEを提供することもできる。
また、実質的に酸素の不存在下での室温での放射線の照射によって生成した主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルが、照射後に加熱により空気中の酸素と反応することによっても、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩、特に、パーフルオロオクタン酸又はその塩が生成する可能性がある。
本発明者らは、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で上記高分子量PTFEに放射線を照射し、照射によって生成したラジカルを失活させることで、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩、更には、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の生成が抑制されることを見出し、本開示の製造方法を完成するに至った。
以下、本開示を具体的に説明する。
上記低分子量化は、上記放射線の照射により、上記高分子量PTFEの主鎖が切断されることによって達成されると考えられる。
電子線は、例えば、電子加速器から発生させることができる。
ガンマ線は、例えば、ラジオアイソトープから発生させることができる。
X線は、例えば、粒子加速器からの粒子線を金属等のターゲットに照射することにより発生させることができる。また、高エネルギー電子線にレーザー光を衝突させ、逆コンプトン散乱(レーザーコンプトン散乱)により準単色性のX線を発生させることができる。更には、シンクロトロン放射によってX線を発生させることができるほか、粒子加速器の下段にアンジュレータやウィグラーを設置してX線を発生させてもよい。
上記数値範囲は、例えば、室温(25℃)での照射において好適に採用できる。
また、放射線照射は、所望の吸収線量に到達するまで連続で行ってもよいし、累計で所望の吸収線量に到達するまで断続的に繰り返し行ってもよい。
吸収線量を上記範囲内とすることにより、実質的に酸素不存在下であっても、上記高分子量PTFEを低分子量化することができる。吸収線量は目標の分子量に応じて最適化することが好ましい。
電子加速器からの電子線においては、0.1kGy/s以上が好ましく、1kGy/s以上がより好ましく、10kGy/s以上が更に好ましい。あるいは、0.1kGy/pass以上が好ましく、1kGy/pass以上がより好ましく、10kGy/pass以上が更に好ましい。
粒子加速器からの粒子線、特に電子加速器からの電子線をX線発生用のターゲットに照射して発生させたX線においては、0.1kGy/s以上が好ましく、1kGy/s以上がより好ましく、10kGy/s以上が更に好ましい。あるいは、0.1kGy/pass以上が好ましく、1kGy/pass以上がより好ましく、10kGy/pass以上が更に好ましい。
また、電子加速器からの電子線の場合、電子の加速電圧/試料表面での電子の加速エネルギーにより、浸透する深さが変化するので、均一な吸収線量分布とするため、試料を電子の透過深度以下の厚みにする、定期的に試料を反転させる等の措置を行うことが好ましい。
更に、電子加速器からの電子線をX線発生用のターゲットに照射して発生させたX線の場合、X線の透過力は距離の2乗で減衰するため、試料の厚みがある場合、X線が照射される表面と裏面で分布が生じる。このため、当該PTFE試料を定期的に反転させる、あるいは、回転させる等の措置を行うことが好ましい。ただし、特に試料に厚みがある場合、反転させても外周部と中央部で20%~30%程度の線量分布が生じることもあるため、線量分布を均一にするためには、照射試料の密度分布や照射形状を工夫することが好ましい。
また、放射線照射継続中に試料温度が-80℃から320℃の間で変化してもよい。
上記放射線の吸収線量は、-80℃での照射においては、100kGy以上であることが好ましく、200kGy以上であることがより好ましく、250kGy以上であることが更に好ましく、300kGy以上であることが最も好ましい。また、上記吸収線量は、1200kGy以下であることが好ましく、1000kGy以下であることがより好ましく、800kGy以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記放射線の吸収線量は、50℃での照射においては、60kGy以上であることが好ましく、120kGy以上であることがより好ましく、140kGy以上であることが更に好ましく、160kGy以上であることが最も好ましい。また、上記吸収線量は、700kGy以下であることが好ましく、600kGy以下であることがより好ましく、500kGy以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記放射線の吸収線量は、100℃での照射においては、50kGy以上であることが好ましく、100kGy以上であることがより好ましく、120kGy以上であることが更に好ましく、150kGy以上であることが最も好ましい。また、上記吸収線量は、600kGy以下であることが好ましく、500kGy以下であることがより好ましく、400kGy以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記放射線の吸収線量は、150℃での照射においては、40kGy以上であることが好ましく、80kGy以上であることがより好ましく、100kGy以上であることが更に好ましく、120kGy以上であることが最も好ましい。また、上記吸収線量は、550kGy以下であることが好ましく、450kGy以下であることがより好ましく、350kGy以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記放射線の吸収線量は、200℃での照射においては、30kGy以上であることが好ましく、60kGy以上であることがより好ましく、80kGy以上であることが更に好ましく、100kGy以上であることが最も好ましい。また、上記吸収線量は、500kGy以下であることが好ましく、400kGy以下であることがより好ましく、300kGy以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記放射線照射時の温度は、工程を実施する雰囲気の温度を、熱電対、白金抵抗体等により計測する方法、試料表面又は試料内部の温度を熱電対、白金抵抗体等により接触式で計測する方法、あるいは試料表面からの赤外放射を赤外放射温度計により計測する方法等により簡便に測定できる。
放射線の照射により生成する遊離水素は、ガスクロマトグラフィー法、例えば、K.Takashika,et al.,Radiat.Phys.Chem.55,p.399-408(1999)や、T.Seguchi,et al.,Radiat.Phys.Chem.85,p.124-129(2013)に記載されている方法により測定することができる。
上記鎖式炭化水素化合物としては、アセチレン;パラフィン等が挙げられる。上記パラフィンの炭素数は、20超であってよい。
上記環式炭化水素化合物としては、ベンゼン、クメン、トルエン、キシレン、アニリン、ナフタレン等の芳香族化合物;シクロプロパン、シクロヘキサン等の脂環式炭化水素化合物等が挙げられる。
上記合成高分子としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン;ポリスチレン、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリアニリン等の芳香族炭化水素ポリマー;シクロオレフィンポリマー等の脂環式炭化水素ポリマー等が挙げられる。
上記生分解性高分子としては、ポリ乳酸;ポリカプロラクトン;ポリグルタミン酸;ポリペプチド、コラーゲン、ケラチン等のタンパク質等が挙げられる。
上記炭水化物としては、グルコース等の単糖類;セルロース、デンプン等の多糖類等が挙げられる。
上記鎖式炭化水素化合物、環式炭化水素化合物及び単糖類の分子量は2000未満であってよく、1000未満であってもよい。
上記合成高分子、生分解性高分子及び多糖類の分子量は2000以上であってよい。
本明細書において、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の分子量は、化学式からの計算又はゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)により求めることができる。また、マトリックス支援レーザー脱離イオン化法(Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization)と飛行時間型質量分析計(Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry)の組み合わせであるMALDI ToF-MSによって分子量及び分子量分布幅を直接測定することができる。
上記アミン類の分子量は1000未満であってよい。
上記ポリシロキサン及びその誘導体の分子量は1000以上であってよく、上記ポリシロキサン及びその誘導体以外のシラン系有機化合物の分子量は1000未満であってよい。
上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質は、ポリオレフィン、芳香族炭化水素ポリマー、生分解性高分子、多糖類、アンモニア、水及び水素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることも好ましい。
上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質は、炭化水素系有機化合物であることも好ましい。なかでもポリエチレン等のポリオレフィンは、ポリマーペレットの形態で使用することができ、かつ主鎖に水素原子を多く含んでいることから、他の物質と比較して、実用上ハンドリングに優れる点で特に好ましい。
上記物質の量が上記範囲内にあると、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩をより効率良く低減できる。
上記酸素濃度は、工程を実施する雰囲気、例えば上記高分子量PTFEを配置する容器内の気相部分をガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析する方法や、酸素濃度測定機を用いる方法、上記容器内に設置した酸素検知剤の色調を調べる方法により簡便に測定できる。
上記工程(1)中の減圧環境を維持する方法として、減圧用密閉容器を用いてもよいし、真空ポンプにより容器内を常時真空排気しながら減圧環境を維持してもよく、断続的に真空ポンプのオン・オフを繰り返して容器内の減圧環境を維持してもよい。
環境内に存在する酸素を除去し、実質的な酸素不在の環境とするため、酸素吸着剤を使用してもよい。酸素吸収剤は、脱酸素剤とも呼ばれ、同義である。もちろん酸素吸着剤は上記の方法と併用して用いてもよい。併用の方法としては、上記密閉容器内に上記高分子量PTFEと一緒に酸素吸着剤を入れておくほか、当該密封容器の内側に酸素吸着剤を均一、あるいは不均一にコートしておいてもよい。
例えば、内部空間の酸素濃度を調整できるように密閉が可能な容器(以下、密閉容器という)が挙げられる。
あるいは、工程(1)及び工程(2)を実施する空間を、局所的に、不活性ガスによるガスシャワーや真空ポンプシステムによる差動排気により、実質的に酸素が存在しない空間としてもよい。
また、上記工程(1)中の実質的に酸素が存在しない状態を、不活性ガスを用いて維持する方法として、密閉容器を用いてもよいし、不活性ガスを流通しながら維持してもよく、断続的に不活性ガスの流通のオン・オフを繰り返して維持してもよい。
上記酸素の含有量は、ガスクロマトグラフィーでの分析の他、ガルバニ電池式の酸素濃度計、ジルコニア式酸素濃度計、酸素検知紙等により確認できる。
上記高分子量PTFEを実質的に酸素の不存在下で密閉容器に投入する方法としては、例えば、上記密閉容器内に上記高分子量PTFE及び上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質を設置した後、必要に応じて酸素吸着剤を上記密閉容器に投入の上、上記密閉容器内を真空脱気する方法、上記高分子量PTFE及び上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質と、不活性ガス及び酸素吸着剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種とを上記密閉容器に投入する方法、それらの方法の併用等が挙げられる。
また、上記酸素吸着剤を使用する場合は、空気中で上記密閉容器内に上記高分子量PTFE、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質及び上記酸素吸着剤を設置した後、上記密閉容器を密閉する方法、上記密閉容器内に上記高分子量PTFE、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質及び上記酸素吸着剤を設置した後、上記密閉容器内を真空脱気し、上記密閉容器を密閉する方法、上記密閉容器内に上記高分子量PTFE、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質及び上記酸素吸着剤を設置し、必要に応じて上記密閉容器内を真空脱気した後、上記密閉容器内を上記不活性ガスで満たす方法等が挙げられる。
この態様における密閉容器としては、工程(1)を実質的に酸素の不存在下で実施する場合に使用することが可能な密閉容器と同様のものを使用することができる。上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質による酸素の消費量を考慮して上記密閉容器の大きさ及び内容物量を決定することが好ましい。
工程(1)は、実質的に、n-ヘキサン、3-メチルペンタン、及び、エタノールの不存在下で実施することも好ましい。
上記物質が実質的に不存在であるとは、上記物質の存在量(合計量)が、上記高分子量PTFEに対し0.1質量%未満であることを意味する。上記存在量は、0.001質量%未満であることが好ましく、0.0005質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.0001質量%以下であることがより好ましい。下限は特に限定されないが、検出限界未満の量であってよい。
高分子量PTFEに放射線を照射すると、PTFEの主鎖ラジカル(アルキルラジカル)及び末端ラジカルが生成する。ここで、上記主鎖ラジカルとは、PTFEの主鎖において、末端以外の部分に生成するラジカルをいい、上記末端ラジカルとは、PTFEの主鎖の末端に生成するラジカルをいう。なお、上記主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルは、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で放射線を照射した直後に生じているラジカルであり、これらが酸素と反応することで生じる過酸化ラジカルとは異なる。
これらのラジカル、特に主鎖の末端に生成するラジカル(末端ラジカル)が酸素と反応すると、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩が生成することが、本発明者らにより見出された。
工程(2)では、生成捕捉される上記ラジカル、特に、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩の生成に寄与する末端ラジカルの少なくとも一部を失活させることにより、上記パーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩をほとんど生成させることなく上記低分子量PTFEを得ることができる。
ただし、上記主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルの失活を一層促進するために、工程(2)において、後述する工程(2a)~(2c)の少なくとも1の工程を実施してもよく、工程(2a)及び(2b)の少なくとも1の工程を実施してもよく、工程(2a)を実施してもよい。これらの工程を実施する場合であっても、比較的穏やかな条件で実施すればよいので、製造コストを削減することができる。
また、工程(1)と工程(2)を繰り返して複数回実施してもよい。ただし、複数回実施する場合、特に末端ラジカルを失活させる工程である工程(2)で終了することが必須である。
実質的に酸素が不存在である状態については上述したとおりであり、工程を実施する雰囲気中の酸素濃度が2.0体積%未満であることが必要であり、1.0体積%以下であることが好ましく、1.0体積%未満であることがより好ましく、0.5体積%以下であることが更に好ましく、0.1体積%以下であることが更により好ましく、0.01体積%以下であることが特に好ましい。上記酸素濃度の下限は、検出限界未満の値であってもよい。
工程(2)は、工程(1)と同じ空間内で実施してもよく、異なる空間内で実施してもよい。
上記低分子量化物と酸素との接触を確実に防止する点と、工程の簡便性の点から、上記低分子量化物を、工程(1)を実施した空間内に保持したまま工程(2)に供することがより好ましい。
また、工程(2)は、工程(1)と一連の工程として連続して実施してもよい。
工程(2)を工程(1)と異なる空間内で実施する場合は、工程(1)で得られた低分子量化物を実質的に酸素の不存在下で、工程(2)を実施する空間に移し替えてもよいし、後述するように、所定の条件下、大気中で移し替えてもよい。
上記低分子量化物は、工程(1)における上記放射線の照射による上記高分子量PTFEの主鎖の切断によって生じる物質であり、上記照射により生成した主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルを有している。
PTFEに生成捕捉された主鎖上のアルキルラジカルと末端ラジカルの室温でのラジカル失活の半減時間は、1000時間(文献Radiat. Phys.Chem.,Vol 50 (1997) pp601-606)であり、加熱することによりラジカル失活は、促進される。
上記加温又は加熱処理の温度としては、PTFEの室温転移温度(β2分散温度)(30℃)以上が好ましく、70℃以上がより好ましく、100℃以上が更に好ましく、140℃以上が特に好ましく、また、310℃以下が好ましく、300℃以下がより好ましく、260℃以下が更に好ましい。
ただし、上述のとおり比較的穏やかな条件を採用することも可能であるため、上記加温又は加熱処理の温度は、例えば150℃未満であってもよく、100℃以下であってもよい。
上記加温又は加熱時の温度は、工程を実施する雰囲気の温度を、熱電対、白金抵抗体等により計測する方法、試料表面又は試料内部の温度を熱電対、白金抵抗体等により接触式で計測する方法、あるいは試料表面からの赤外放射を赤外放射温度計により計測する方法等により簡便に測定できる。
工程(2a)継続中に試料温度が-80℃から340℃の間で変化してもよい。
上記加温又は加熱処理の時間は、試料全体が熱平衡状態となってからの時間である。
上記の時間範囲は、例えば、150℃での熱処理において、特に好適に採用できる。
工程(2a)を実施する場合は、密閉容器として、内外に熱の移動が可能な容器を使用することが好ましい。上記密閉容器は、上記加温又は加熱に耐える程度の耐熱性を有する容器であることが好ましいが、上述のとおり、工程(2a)を比較的穏やかな条件で実施してもよいので、高度な耐熱性は必須ではない。
上記密閉容器の素材としては、物理的な応力による密閉が可能なエチレン-プロピレンゴム、テトラフルオロエチレン-プロピレンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、ポリエステルエラストマー等のラバー素材の他、熱融着やエポキシ系等の接着剤による密閉シールが可能な素材が好ましい。その中でも熱融着による密閉が可能である熱可塑性有機材料が特に好ましい。なかでも、上記加温又は加熱処理に耐えられる点で、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)等のポリエステル類、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)、熱可塑性ポリイミド(TPI)、ポリフェニレンスルファイド(PPS)、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、環状ポリオレフィン(COP)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、エチレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(FEP)、パーフルオロアルコキシアルカン(PFA)等が好ましい。また、これらの材料は、2層、3層等の多層膜状材料であってもよく、更には、アルミホイル等と組み合わせた有機及び無機の複合多層膜状材料であってもよい。
上記低分子量化物については、上述したとおりである。
工程(2b)は、人工的に温度を制御して保持してもよいが、人工的に熱を加えることが可能な設備を使用せずに実施することが好ましい。
工程(2b)を実施した後、工程(2a)を実施してもよい。
また、上記温度は、100℃未満であってもよく、70℃未満であってもよい。
工程(2b)継続中に試料温度が-20℃から100℃の間で変化してもよい。
上記工程(2b)における上記時間は、10分間以上であることが好ましく、1時間以上であることがより好ましく、10時間以上であることが更に好ましく、1日間以上であることが更により好ましく、50時間以上であることが更により好ましく、100時間以上であることが更により好ましく、200時間以上であることが特に好ましい。
上記放置は、例えば、倉庫、温室等において行うことができる。
ここで、上記温室とは、採光ガラスにより構築されたサンルーム等の建屋、農業用ビニールハウス等であって、積極的に加温・調温する設備が付帯していない建屋を含む。
ただし、工程(1)において使用する遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質から生成される遊離水素原子がラジカル捕捉能を有することから、本開示の製造方法においては、工程(2c)を行わないことも好ましい。
なお、工程(2c)を実施した後に工程(2a)を実施してもよく、工程(2c)と工程(2a)を同時に実施してもよい。
上記低分子量化物については、上述したとおりである。
上記ラジカル捕捉能を有するガスとしては、水素ガス及びハロゲンガスが好ましい。
上記ハロゲンガスとしては、フッ素ガス、塩素ガス、臭素ガス、ヨウ素ガス等が挙げられる。
また、上記ラジカル捕捉能を有する物質として、他に、アルカンガス、アルケンガス、アルキンガス、フルオロアルカン、テトラフルオロエチレン、一酸化炭素、一酸化窒素、二酸化窒素、水、アミン類、アルコール類、ケトン類等も挙げられる。
上記ラジカル捕捉能を有する物質は、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質であってもよい。上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の具体例は、上述したとおりである。
上記ラジカル捕捉能を有する物質は、工程(1)で使用される遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質とは異なる物質であってもよい。
上記アルケンガスとしては、エチレン、プロピレン、ブテン等が挙げられる。
上記アルキンガスとしては、アセチレン、モノビニルアセチレン、ジビニルアセチレン等が挙げられる。
上記フルオロアルカンとしては、ジフロロメタン、トリフロロメタン、1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン、1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン等が挙げられる。
上記ラジカル補足能を有するガスとしての水は、水蒸気であってよい。例えば液体の水を加熱したり、超音波で処理したりすることにより発生する水蒸気であってもよいが、これに限定されない。
上記水としては、イオン交換水、蒸留水、硬水、軟水、水道水等が挙げられるが、低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに不純物が混入しにくい点から、イオン交換水、蒸留水が好ましい。
上記水は、酸素吸着剤から発生した水であってもよく、シリカゲルに吸着させた水分が熱により蒸発した際の水であってもよい。
上記アミン類としては、アンモニア等が挙げられる。
上記アルコール類としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールやアルコール誘導体等が挙げられる。
上記ケトン類としては、アセトン、ベンゾフェノン等が挙げられる。上記ラジカル補足能を有するガスは、1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。
また、上記のガスを、窒素、二酸化炭素等の不活性ガスと混合して用いてもよい。
上記ラジカル捕捉能を有する物質は、上記空間内で濃度平衡後、バルブ等により閉栓し導入をやめてもよいし、常時流通させてもよい。
上記水素原子を含む材料としては、水素原子を含む有機材料が好ましく、エチレン-プロピレンゴム、ポリエステルエラストマー等の水素原子を含むラバー素材;ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)等のポリエステル類、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)、熱可塑性ポリイミド(TPI)、ポリフェニレンスルファイド(PPS)、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)、環状ポリオレフィン(COP)等の水素原子を含む熱可塑性有機材料等が挙げられる。
上記ハロゲン原子を含む材料としては、ハロゲン原子を含む有機材料が好ましく、テトラフルオロエチレン-プロピレンゴム、クロロプレンゴムのハロゲン原子を含むラバー素材;ポリビニリデンフルオライド、エチレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重体(FEP)、パーフルオロアルコキシアルカン(PFA)等のハロゲン原子を含む熱可塑性有機材料等が挙げられる。
また実質的には、工程(1)において、照射直後に生成・捕捉される主鎖ラジカル(アルキルラジカル)及び末端ラジカルのグラム当たりの総数、あるいはそれらが大気に暴露され、酸素と反応して生成される過酸化ラジカルのグラム当たりの総数に対して、ラジカル捕捉能を有する原子又は分子の数が1%以上、好ましくは5%以上、より好ましくは10%以上存在すればよい。
工程(2c)継続中に試料温度が-80℃から380℃の間で変化してもよい。
工程(2a)、(2b)及び(2c)のそれぞれは、工程(1)の後に実施することが好ましく、工程(1)の後に連続して実施することも好ましい。
同様に上記主鎖ラジカルの失活は、電子スピン共鳴装置(ESR)による室温での測定によりdouble quintetの信号強度の減少あるいは信号の有無により確認することができる。上記double quintetの信号が明瞭に検出できない場合、上記主鎖ラジカルが失活したと判断する。工程(2)においては、上記主鎖ラジカルの失活を、ESRによる室温(25℃)での測定によりdouble quintetの信号が明瞭に検出できなくなる程度に実施することが好ましい。
一方、残存ラジカルが大気中の酸素と反応して、主鎖上の過酸化ラジカル(アルキル型過酸化ラジカル)、末端の過酸化ラジカル(末端型過酸化ラジカル)が形成されている場合の失活の確認は、それらの過酸化ラジカルに対応する信号の強度の減少あるいは信号の有無により行うことができる。ESR装置により測定されるスペクトルの対称(symmetric)・非対称性(asymmetric)で、主鎖型(asymmetric)か末端型(symmetric)の過酸化ラジカルかを判別できる。室温測定で判別しにくい場合、温度を下げて77Kの液体窒素温度での測定を行うことにより明瞭に判別できる。
上記アルキル型過酸化ラジカル及び末端型過酸化ラジカルは、上述したESR測定によりtriplet及びdouble quintet信号に基づいて主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルの失活を確認した後、低分子量PTFE試料を大気暴露した際に、ESR装置の検出感度以下の試料中に僅かに残存する主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルが大気中の酸素と反応することにより生成すると考えられる。また、従来のように、酸素の存在下で照射を行った場合にも、上記アルキル型過酸化ラジカル及び末端型過酸化ラジカルが生成するが、観察されるラジカルは末端型過酸化ラジカルが大部分である。
Double quintetやtripletのESR信号は、掃引幅が過酸化ラジカルに比べ広く、ベースラインとのS/N比が過酸化ラジカルよりも悪くなるため、double quintetやtripletのESR信号が明瞭に観察できない場合であっても、大気暴露により過酸化ラジカルに変化させた場合、ESR信号が検出されることがある。
上記低分子量化物を酸素と実質的に反応させないとは、以下に説明するように、上記低分子量化物と接触し得る酸素の存在量を極少量に制御するか、又は、上記低分子量化物と酸素との接触を、極めて限定された条件下で行うことを意味する。
この態様によれば、工程(1)及び工程(2’)のそれぞれにおいて最適な空間(密閉容器)を採用することが可能となる。特に、工程(2’)において、加温、加熱、減圧等をより効果的に行うことができる耐熱密閉容器や耐圧密閉容器を採用することが可能となる。その結果、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩の発生量を一層容易に低減することができる。上記態様は、工程(2’)が工程(2a)である場合に、特に有用である。
上記低分子量化物の移し替えは、実質的に酸素の不存在下で実施することが好ましい。しかし、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩を誘起しやすい上記低分子量化物の末端ラジカルと酸素とが実質的に反応しない条件下であれば、大気中で実施することもできる。産業プロセス上は、大気中で実施する方が有利である。
また、上記低分子量化物と接触させる大気の温度を30℃以下とすることも挙げられ、19℃以下とすることが好ましい。上記温度の下限は-196℃であってもよい。
上記態様においては、工程(2b)を実施した後に、大気暴露を行い、次いで更に工程(2’)(好ましくは工程(2a))を行うことが特に好ましい。
本開示の製造方法は、工程(1)で得られた低分子量化物を、工程(2b)として実質的に酸素不在の空間内において、上記低分子量化物を1時間以上、19℃以上の温度で保持することで、試料中の末端ラジカルの少なくとも一部を失活させた後、工程(1)及び(2b)を実施した空間内から工程(2’)を実施する実質的に酸素不在の空間内に大気中で移し替える工程を含むことがより好ましい。
本開示の製造方法は、工程(1)で得られた低分子量化物を、工程(2b)として実質的に酸素不在の空間内において、1日間以上、19℃以上の温度で保持することで、試料中の末端ラジカルの少なくとも一部を失活させた後、工程(1)及び(2b)を実施した空間内から工程(2’)を実施する実質的に酸素不在の空間内に大気中で移し替える工程を含むことが更に好ましい。
上記低分子量化物を実質的に酸素不在の空間内において19℃以上の温度で保持する時間(工程(2b)の時間)が長いほど、失活する末端ラジカルの割合が多くなる。その結果、上記低分子量化物を大気暴露できる時間が長くなる。
また、上記低分子量化物と接触させる大気の温度は40℃以下とすることができ、30℃以下とすることが好ましく、19℃以下とすることがより好ましい。上記温度の下限は-196℃であってもよい。
例えば、上記工程(1)と工程(2a)とを同時に行ってもよい(複合工程(A))。工程(1)と工程(2a)とを同時に実施する方法としては、例えば、高分子量PTFE及び上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質を、好ましくは実質的に酸素の不存在下で密閉容器に投入し、次いで、上記高分子量PTFEを加温又は加熱した状態で、上記高分子量PTFEに放射線を照射する方法が挙げられる。
上記γ線としては、例えば、コバルト60から発生させたγ線を用いることができる。
上記X線としては、例えば、電子加速器からの電子線をターゲットに照射して発生させたX線を用いることができる。あるいは、線形加速器からの高エネルギー電子線にレーザー光を衝突させ、逆コンプトン散乱(レーザーコンプトン散乱)により発生させた準単色性のX線を用いることができる。更には、シンクロトロン放射によってX線を発生させることができるほか、粒子加速器の下段にアンジュレータやウィグラーを設置してX線を発生させてもよい。
物質透過力に優れるγ線やX線を用いることで、上記密閉容器の全周部あるいは外周部、上下部、左右部、前後部等の任意の位置に上記外部ユニットを配置できる。γ線やX線の透過を容易にする観点からは、照射面側に上記外部ユニットを配置しないことが好ましい。
上記γ線又はX線に代えて、物質透過力がγ線やX線に劣る電子線を用いることもできる。この場合、電子線の照射される面側以外に上記外部ユニットを配置することが好ましい。
また、密閉容器自体に加温又は加熱機構を組み込んでもよい。
上記試料を加温又は加熱する方法は、特に限定されないが、放射線のエネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換する、ビームヒーティング法であってもよい。ビームヒーティング法を用いる場合、電子加速器からの電子線や、電子加速器からの電子線をターゲットに照射して発生させたX線を放射線として用いることが好ましい。密閉容器の全周部あるいは外周部、上下部、左右部前後部等に断熱材等を配置してもよい。放射線の透過を容易にする観点からは、照射面側に断熱材等を配置しないことが好ましい。
ただし、工程(1)において使用する遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質から生成される遊離水素原子がラジカル捕捉能を有することから、本開示の製造方法においては、複合工程(C)を行わないことも好ましい。
工程(1)と工程(2c)とを同時に実施する方法としては、例えば、高分子量PTFE及び遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質を、好ましくは実質的に酸素の不存在下で密閉容器に投入し、次いで密封容器内に上記ラジカル捕捉能を有するガスを封入した状態で、上記高分子量PTFEに放射線を照射する方法が挙げられる。
上記γ線としては、例えば、コバルト60から発生させたγ線を用いることができる。
上記X線としては、例えば、電子加速器からの電子線をターゲットに照射して発生させたX線を用いることができる。あるいは、線形加速器からの高エネルギー電子線にレーザー光を衝突させ、逆コンプトン散乱(レーザーコンプトン散乱)により発生させた準単色性のX線を用いることができる。更には、シンクロトロン放射によってX線を発生させることができるほか、粒子加速器の下段にアンジュレータやウィグラーを設置してX線を発生させてもよい。
物質透過力に優れるγ線やX線を用いることで、上記密閉容器の全周部あるいは外周部、上下部、左右部、前後部等の任意の位置に上記外部ユニットを配置できる。γ線やX線の透過を容易にする観点からは、照射面側に上記外部ユニットを配置しないことが好ましい。
上記γ線又はX線に代えて、物質透過力がγ線やX線に劣る電子線を用いることもできる。この場合、電子線の照射される面側以外に上記外部ユニットを配置することが好ましい。
また、密閉容器自体に加温又は加熱機構を組み込んでもよい。
上記試料を加温又は加熱する方法は、特に限定されないが、放射線のエネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換する、ビームヒーティング法であってもよい。ビームヒーティング法を用いる場合、電子加速器からの電子線や、電子加速器からの電子線をターゲットに照射して発生させたX線を放射線として用いることが好ましい。密閉容器の全周部あるいは外周部、上下部、左右部前後部等に断熱材等を配置してもよい。放射線の透過を容易にする観点からは、照射面側に断熱材等を配置しないことが好ましい。
PTFEの結晶融点以下の温度に加熱した状態でPTFEを放射線照射すると分解効率が向上することが、文献(Radiat.Phys.Chem.Vol.50,pp.611-615,1997)で報告されている。
この状態では酸素21体積%の大気雰囲気下であっても線量率の高い電子線等の放射線源を用いて、昇温した状態で照射を行うことで、生成した末端ラジカルが酸素と反応する以前に主鎖切断が進行し、分解反応が促進することが、本発明者らにより見出された。
従来の学術的な技術常識からは、酸素を含む雰囲気中(特に空気中)で高分子量PTFEに放射線照射を行うと、酸化劣化が起こり、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩が多量に生成することが予想される。しかし、驚くべきことに、上記のように照射温度がβ1分散温度以上であり、かつ線量率が極めて限定された条件下で、かつ遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下では、大気雰囲気中で照射を行っても、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩が生成しにくいことが、本発明者らにより見出された。
上記工程(X)における照射時の温度は、工程を実施する雰囲気の温度を、熱電対、白金抵抗体等により計測する方法、試料表面又は試料内部の温度を熱電対、白金抵抗体等により接触式で計測する方法、あるいは試料表面からの赤外放射を赤外放射温度計により計測する方法等により簡便に測定できる。
工程(X)の放射線照射時に試料温度が19℃から320℃の間で変化してもよい。
上記電子線としては、例えば、電子加速器から発生させた電子線を用いることができる。
上記X線としては、例えば、電子加速器からの電子線をターゲットに照射して発生させたX線を用いることができる。
物質透過力に優れるX線を用いる場合、上記容器の全周部あるいは外周部、上下部、左右部、前後部等の任意の位置に上記加熱機構を配置できる。X線の透過を容易にする観点からは、照射面側に上記加熱機構を配置しないことが好ましい。
物質透過力がX線に劣る電子線を用いる場合、電子線の照射される面側以外に上記加熱機構を配置することが好ましい。
ただし、工程(X)において使用する遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質から生成される遊離水素原子がラジカル捕捉能を有することから、工程(X)においては、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質以外に、ラジカル捕捉能を有する物質を使用しないことも好ましい。
上記のように溶融粘度が低い(分子量が低い)PTFEに放射線を照射する場合にも、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩、特にパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の生成を抑制することができる。
上記工程(Y2)の好適な態様や条件は、上述した工程(2)と同様であってよい。
上記一次融点としては、300℃以上が好ましく、310℃以上がより好ましく、320℃以上が更に好ましい。
上記一次融点は、未焼成の高分子量PTFEを示差走査熱量計で測定した場合に、結晶融解曲線上に現れる吸熱カーブの最大ピーク温度を意味する。上記吸熱カーブは、示差走査熱量計を用いて、昇温速度10℃/分の条件で昇温させて得られたものである。
上記比重は、水中置換法により測定することができる。
本開示の製造方法は、工程(3)の後に、更に、上記成形品を粉砕して、上記高分子量PTFEの粉末を得る工程を含むこともできる。上記成形品を粗く粉砕してから、更に小さく粉砕してもよい。
工程(2)、複合工程(A)、複合工程(C)、工程(X)又は工程(Y2)で得られた低分子量PTFEが大気暴露されると、僅かに残存する主鎖ラジカル及び/又は末端ラジカルに由来する過酸化物が生じることがある。この過酸化物が紫外線に暴露されると、主鎖ラジカル及び/又は末端ラジカルが再生成することがあり、特に、末端ラジカルが再生成した場合には、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩が生成するおそれがある。
工程(4)を実施することにより、長期間にわたり、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸又はその塩の発生を抑制することができる。
上記生成物をそのまま用途に供してもよいし、残留する上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質を除去してから用途に供してもよい。除去方法は特に限定されず、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の形態等に応じて公知の方法を採用することができる。
除去された上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質を、再度、工程(1)に使用することもできる。
また、工程(Y1)において放射線を照射するPTFE、及び、工程(Y2)を実施した後に得られる低分子量PTFEについても説明する。
上記溶融粘度は、1.0×103Pa・s以上であることが好ましく、1.5×103Pa・s以上であることがより好ましく、また、3.0×105Pa・s以下であることが好ましく、1.0×105Pa・s以下であることがより好ましい。
上記パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の量は、液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定できる。
また、上記高分子量PTFEは架橋されていてもよい。
低分子量PTFE粉末としては、比表面積が0.5m2/g以上、7.0m2/g未満の比表面積の低いタイプと、比表面積が7.0m2/g以上、25m2/g以下、好ましくは20m2/g以下の比表面積の高いタイプがそれぞれ求められている。
比表面積の低いタイプの低分子量PTFE粉末は、例えば塗料等のマトリクス材料に容易に分散する利点がある一方、マトリクス材料への分散粒径が大きく、微分散に劣る。
比表面積の低いタイプの低分子量PTFE粉末の比表面積は、1.0m2/g以上が好ましく、5.0m2/g以下が好ましく、3.0m2/g以下がより好ましい。マトリクス材料としては、プラスチック、インクの他、塗料等も好適に用いられる。
比表面積の高いタイプの低分子量PTFE粉末は、例えば塗料等のマトリクス材料に分散させた場合、マトリクス材料への分散粒径が小さく、塗膜表面の質感を向上させる等、表面を改質する効果が高く、吸油量も多くなるが、マトリクス材料への分散に必要な時間が長い等容易に分散しないおそれがあり、また、塗料等の粘度が上昇するおそれもある。
比表面積の高いタイプの低分子量PTFE粉末の比表面積は、8.0m2/g以上が好ましく、25m2/g以下が好ましく、20m2/g以下がより好ましい。マトリクス材料としては、オイル、グリース、塗料の他、プラスチック等も好適に用いられる。
上記パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の量は、液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定できる。
上記炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量は、工程(2)、複合工程(A)、複合工程(C)、工程(X)又は工程(Y2)を実施した後の時点で、上記範囲内にあることが好ましく、更なる加熱(例えば、加工時の加熱)を実施した後の時点でも、上記範囲内にあることがより好ましい。
上記パーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の量は、液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定できる。
また、本開示の製造方法によれば、炭素数9~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量が上記範囲内にある低分子量PTFEを得ることもできる。
その理由は明確ではないが、以下のように推測される。放射線の照射時に、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質から生成した遊離水素原子が、高分子量PTFEへの照射によって生成した主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルに付加することに加え、照射後に、上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質から生成した水素分子が上記主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルと反応することにより、上記主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルが充分に消滅すると考えられる。このため、用途に適用する段階で酸素存在下に加熱しても、上記主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルが酸素と反応することを防止することができ、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩、特に、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の生成を抑制することができると考えられる。
加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の量が上記範囲内にある低分子量PTFEは、加工時等、各種の用途に適用する段階で酸素存在下に加熱した場合であっても、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩を生成しにくい。
(加熱・測定条件A)
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行う。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行う。上記加熱後の試料1gにアセトニトリル5mlを加え、60分間の超音波処理を行い、パーフルオロオクタン酸を抽出する。得られた液相について、MRM(Multiple Reaction Monitoring)法を用いて測定する。移動相としてアセトニトリル(A)と酢酸アンモニウム水溶液(20mmol/L)(B)を、濃度勾配(A/B=40/60-2min-80/20-1min)で送液する。分離カラム(ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm)を使用し、カラム温度は40℃、注入量は5μLとする。イオン化法はESI(Electrospray ionization) Negativeを使用し、コーン電圧は25Vに設定し、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は413/369を測定する。パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量は外部標準法を用い、算出する。
この測定における検出限界は5質量ppbである。
加熱・測定条件Bに従って求める上記パーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の量が上記範囲内にある低分子量PTFEは、加工時等、各種の用途に適用する段階で酸素存在下に加熱した場合であっても、上記パーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩を生成しにくい。
(加熱・測定条件B)
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行う。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行う。上記加熱後の試料1gを用いて、加熱・測定条件Aと同様にしてパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩を抽出した液相を使用し、MRM法を用いて測定する。測定条件はパーフルオロオクタン酸の測定条件から、濃度勾配を変更し(A/B=10/90-1.5min-90/10-3.5min)、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は、パーフルオロノナン酸(炭素数9)は463/419、パーフルオロデカン酸(炭素数10)は513/469、パーフルオロウンデカン酸(炭素数11)は563/519、パーフルオロドデカン酸(炭素数12)は613/569、パーフルオロトリデカン酸(炭素数13)は663/619、パーフルオロテトラデカン酸(炭素数14)は713/669を測定する。
炭素数9~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の合計量は、上記測定より得られたパーフルオロオクタン酸の含有量(X)から下記式を用いて算出した。この測定における検出限界は5質量ppbである。
(AC9+AC10+AC11+AC12+AC13+AC14)/AC8×X
AC8:パーフルオロオクタン酸のピーク面積
AC9:パーフルオロノナン酸のピーク面積
AC10:パーフルオロデカン酸のピーク面積
AC11:パーフルオロウンデカン酸のピーク面積
AC12:パーフルオロドデカン酸のピーク面積
AC13:パーフルオロトリデカン酸のピーク面積
AC14:パーフルオロテトラデカン酸のピーク面積
X:MRM法を用いた測定結果から外部標準法を用いて算出したパーフルオロオクタン酸の含有量
上記主鎖上の側鎖の一部に酸素原子を有する低分子量PTFE、又は、炭素原子とフッ素原子とからなる低分子量PTFEは、炭素-炭素結合を有し、かつ分子鎖末端に酸素原子を含まない化合物である。その分子構造は、以下の構造を示す。
(主鎖ラジカル/末端ラジカル失活処理プロセス)
R1(―CF2-CF2―)x-R2
R1(―CF=CF2―CF2)x-R2
R1(-CF2-CF(R3)―CF2)y-R2
R1(-CF=C(R4)―CF2)y-R2
(末端ラジカルのみ失活処理プロセス)
R1(-CF2-CF(R5)―CF2)y-R2
R1(-CF=C(R6)―CF2)y-R2
上記式中、R1は、各出現においてそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、-CF3基、-CF=CF2基、-CF=CHF基、-CH2F基、-CHF2基、又は、-CH3基である。
上記式中、R2は、各出現においてそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、-CF3基、-CF=CF2基、-CF=CHF基、-CH2F基、-CHF2基、又は、-CH3基である。
上記式中、R3は、各出現においてそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、-CF3基、-CF2-CF3基、-CF=CF2基、-CF2CF2-基、又は、-O-Rf基(Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基、好ましくは炭素数1~10のパーフルオロアルキル基)である。
上記式中、R4は、各出現においてそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、-CF3基、-CF2-CF3基、-CF=CF2基、-CF2CF2-基、又は、-O-Rf基(Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基、好ましくは炭素数1~10のパーフルオロアルキル基)である。
上記式中、R5は、各出現においてそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、-CF3基、-CF2-CF3基、-CF=CF2基、-CF2CF2-基、-O-Rf基(Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基、好ましくは炭素数1~10のパーフルオロアルキル基)、-OH基、-OF基、-OCl基、-OBr基、-OI基、-O-CF3基、-O-CF2-CF3基、又は、-O-O・(過酸化ラジカル)である。
上記式中、R6は、各出現においてそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、-CF3基、-CF2-CF3基、-CF=CF2基、-CF2CF2-基、-O-Rf基(Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基、好ましくは炭素数1~10のパーフルオロアルキル基)、-OH基、-OF基、-OCl基、-OBr基、-OI基、-O-CF3基、又は、-O-CF2-CF3基である。
上記式中、xは1~1000の整数であり、2~500が好ましい。
上記式中、yは1~1000の整数であり、2~500が好ましい。
上記分子構造の特定は、19F核磁気共鳴装置(NMR)による測定のほか、フーリエ変換赤外吸収分析装置(FT-IR)、フーリエ変換ラマン分光分析(FT-ラマン)、X線光電分光分析(XPS)等の手段により行うことができる。
上記比は、真空中でのESR測定で上記主鎖ラジカルに対応する信号(double quintet)及び上記末端ラジカルに対応する信号(triplet)が明瞭に検出される場合は、それらの信号の強度に基づいて算出し、真空中で明瞭に検出できない場合は、試料を大気暴露した後に実施するESR測定で検出される主鎖型(asymmetric)及び末端型(symmetric)の過酸化ラジカルに対応する信号の強度に基づいて算出するものとする。特に過酸化ラジカルの分離には、液体窒素温度での測定が有効である。
従来の、空気雰囲気下で高分子量PTFEに放射線を照射する方法(工程(2)のラジカル失活を実施しない)で得られた低分子量PTFEでは、末端ラジカルが多く残存することから、上記比が上記範囲内にならない。
上記水素原子を含む分子構造としては、例えば、-CHF-、=CHF、-CFH2、-CH3基、-CHF2基等で表される構造が挙げられる。
上記二重結合を含む分子鎖としては、例えば、-CF=CF-、-CF=CF2、-CF=CF-CF3等の構造が挙げられる。
また、-CF2CF(CF3)CF2-、-CF(CF3)2等で表される分子構造を有することも好ましい。
工程(1)における照射を、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下に実施することにより、得られる低分子量PTFEの内部に水素原子を含む分子構造や二重結合を含む分子鎖が形成される。
また、工程(1)を実施する密閉容器として、水素原子を含む材料からなる密閉容器を用いた場合、放射線照射時に、当該密閉容器から、水素ガスを主成分とする放射線分解ガスが発生する。当該分解ガスを工程(2c)のラジカル捕捉能を有するガスとして用いることにより、得られる低分子量PTFEの内部に水素原子を含む分子構造や二重結合を含む分子鎖が形成される。
上記水素原子を含む材料としては、水素原子を含む有機材料が好ましく、エチレン-プロピレンゴム、テトラフルオロエチレン-プロピレンゴム、ポリエステルエラストマー等の水素原子を含むラバー素材;ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)等のポリエステル類、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)、熱可塑性ポリイミド(TPI)、ポリフェニレンスルファイド(PPS)、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)、環状ポリオレフィン(COP)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、エチレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体等の水素原子を含む熱可塑性有機材料等が挙げられる。
また、工程(2c)実施の際、ラジカル捕捉能を有するガスとして水素ガスを直接用いた場合も、得られる低分子量PTFEの内部に水素原子を含む分子構造や二重結合を含む分子鎖が形成される。
<測定条件(1)>
装置:Varian社製VNS600
共鳴周波数:564.491MHz
観測核:19F
試料管径:1.2mmφ
回転速度:50kHz
測定温度:rt(23.3℃)
測定法:single pulse法
積算回数:512回以上
待ち時間:5s以上
パルス幅:1.15μs
<測定条件(2)>
装置:Bruker社製AVANCE III HD400
共鳴周波数:376.6412776MHz
観測核:19F
試料管径:1.3mmφ
回転速度:60kHz
測定温度:70℃
測定法:single pulse法
積算回数:1万回以上
待ち時間:5s以上
パルス幅:0.8μs
-CHF2に帰属される信号は-140ppm付近に、=CHFに帰属される信号は-150ppm付近に、-CHF-又は-CFH2に帰属される信号は-210ppmから-215ppm付近に確認することができる。-CF=CF-に帰属される信号は-156ppm付近に確認することができる。-CF=CF2に帰属される信号は-92ppm付近及び-190ppm付近に確認することができる。-CF=CF-CF3に帰属される信号は-75ppm付近及び-128ppm付近に確認することができる。-CF2CF(CF3)CF2-に帰属される信号は-71ppm付近及び-114ppm付近に確認することができる。-CF(CF3)2に帰属される信号は-58ppm付近に確認することができる。
また、上記低分子量PTFE内に水素原子を含む構造を有することは、下記の測定条件での1H NMR測定後、引き続き13C CP/MAS NMR測定することにより確認できる。
<測定条件(3)>
装置:Bruker社製AVANCEIII600 wide-bore spectrometer
共鳴周波数:水素600.23MHz 炭素150.9MHz
観測核:1H及び13C
試料管径:2.5mmφ又は4.0mmφ
回転速度:6kHz
測定温度:rt(24.1℃)
デカップリング法:CW/TPPM法
時定数:3.0ms
積算回数:65,536回以上
上記測定により、-CH3に帰属される信号を17ppm付近に検出することができる。
上記tripletの中心のピーク高さをPeak M、上記double quintetのピーク高さをPeak Aとした場合に、比Peak M/Peak Aが3.0未満であることが好ましく、2.5未満であることがより好ましく、2.0未満であることが更に好ましい。
また、比Peak A/Peak Mが0.3よりも大きいことが好ましく、0.4よりも大きいことがより好ましく、0.45よりも大きいことが更に好ましい。
図1に、上記ピークの一例を示す。
装置:日本電子株式会社(JEOL)製、JES-X330
測定温度:23±1℃
マイクロ波周波数:9.42-9.44GHz
マイクロ波出力:0.1mW及び0.04mW
中心磁場:337.0mT
掃引幅:±25mT
掃引時間:2分
時定数:0.1秒
磁場変調幅:0.2mT
スキャン回数:1回
変調周波数:100kHz
380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、
真空下での電子スピン共鳴測定により得られるピークが以下の関係式(I)を充足し、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満であり、かつ、上述した加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
関係式(I):3.0>Peak M/Peak A>0.3
(式中、Peak Mは低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン中の末端ラジカルに対応するtripletの中心のピーク高さを表し、Peak Aは低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン中の主鎖ラジカルに対応するdouble quintetのピーク高さを表す。)
真空下でのESR測定の条件は、上述したとおりである。
また、比Peak A/Peak Mが0.4よりも大きいことがより好ましく、0.45よりも大きいことが更に好ましい。
380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、大気下での電子スピン共鳴(ESR)測定により得られるピークが以下の関係式(1)及び(2)を充足し、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満であり、かつ、上述した加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
関係式(1):Peak M2/Peak A1≧1.0
(式中、Peak M2は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表し、Peak A1は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの主鎖上に捕捉されたアルキル型過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表す。)
関係式(2):Peak M2/Peak M3<1.0
(式中、Peak M2は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表し、Peak M3は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する正のピーク強度の絶対値を表す。)
上記ESR測定は、大気下で、以下の条件にて実施する。
装置:日本電子株式会社(JEOL)製、JES-RE2X
測定温度:24±2℃
マイクロ波周波数:9.42-9.44GHz
マイクロ波出力:0.1mW及び0.04mW
中心磁場:333.0mT
掃引幅:±15mT又は±25mT
掃引時間:2分
時定数:0.1秒
磁場変調幅:0.2mT
スキャン回数:1回
変調周波数:100kHz
ピークM2は、磁場強度332.0~333.0mTに観測される正ピークであってよい。
ピークM3は、磁場強度333.2~334.2mTに観測される負ピークであってよい。
ピークA1は、磁場強度334.5~335.5mTに観測される負ピークであってよい。
図2に、これらのピークの一例を示す。なお、ピークM2及びM3を合わせたものをピークM1と表記している。
なお、酸素存在下で照射を行って得られた低分子量PTFEでは、ピークA1が小さくなる。
関係式(1)において、Peak M2/Peak A1は1.0以上であり、1.2以上であることが好ましい。Peak M2/Peak A1は、また、6.0以下であってよく、5.5以下であることが好ましい。
関係式(2)において、Peak M2/Peak M3は1.0未満であり、0.9以下であることが好ましい。Peak M2/Peak M3は、また、0.1以上であってよく、0.2以上であることが好ましい。
380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、=CHF、-CHF-、-CH2F、-CHF2及び-CH3からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の水素原子を含む分子構造と、分子鎖末端のCF3-と、-CF=CF-、-CF=CF2及び-CF=CF-CF3からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の二重結合を含む分子構造とを含み、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満であり、かつ、上述した加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
低分子量PTFE(3)は、-CHF-、=CHF、-CH2F及び-CHF2からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の水素原子を含む分子構造と、分子鎖末端のCF3-と、-CF=CF-CF3で表される分子構造とを含むことが好ましく、-CHF-、=CHF、-CH2F及び-CHF2で表される分子構造と、分子鎖末端のCF3-と、-CF=CF-CF3で表される分子構造とを含むことがより好ましい。
低分子量PTFEが上述した構造を分子内に有することは、19F MAS NMRにより確認できる。測定条件や、各構造に帰属される信号の位置については、上述したとおりである。
380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、-CF2CF(CF3)CF2-及び-CF(CF3)2からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の分子構造と、分子鎖末端のCF3-と、-CF=CF-、-CF=CF2及び-CF=CF-CF3からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の二重結合を含む分子構造とを含み、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満であり、かつ、上述した加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
低分子量PTFE(4)は、CF2CF(CF3)CF2-及び-CF(CF3)2で表される分子構造と、分子鎖末端のCF3-と、-CF=CF-、-CF=CF2及び-CF=CF-CF3で表される分子構造とを含むことが好ましい。
低分子量PTFE(4)は、-CF2CF(CF3)CF2-で表される分子構造と、分子鎖末端のCF3-と、-CF=CF-CF3で表される分子構造とを含むことも好ましい。
低分子量PTFEが上述した構造を分子内に有することは、19F MAS NMRにより確認できる。測定条件や、各構造に帰属される信号の位置については、上述したとおりである。
380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、以下の式(3)により求める規格値が1.1~10.0であり、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
式(3):
規格値=(上記低分子量PTFEの、水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度)/(遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の非存在下で放射線照射を行って得られた低分子量PTFEの、水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度)
(測定方法)
特開平4-20507号公報記載の末端基の分析方法に準拠する。
低分子量PTFE粉末をハンドプレスにて予備成形し、0.1~1.0mm厚みのフィルムを作製する。作製したフィルムについて赤外吸収スペクトル分析する。PTFEにフッ素ガスを接触させて作製した分子中に存在する官能基を完全にフッ素化除去したPTFEの赤外吸収スペクトル分析も行い、両者の差スペクトルから、PTFE分子中の水素付加体由来の官能基に対応する吸光度(Absorbance)の高さを計測することができる。
得られた差スペクトルの3000cm-1から4000cm-1の範囲で拡大し、3300cm-1から3970cm-1の範囲でベースラインを引く。そのとき、3556cm-1のピークトップの高さを計測することで、PTFE分子中の水素付加体由来の官能基に対応する吸光度(Absorbance)の絶対値を求めることができる。
上記カルボキシル基の数は、下記方法により測定した値である。この測定方法による検出限界は0.5個である。
(測定方法)
特開平4-20507号公報記載の末端基の分析方法に準拠し、以下の測定を行う。
低分子量PTFE粉末をハンドプレスにて予備成形し、0.1~1.0mm厚みのフィルムを作製する。作製したフィルムについて赤外吸収スペクトル分析する。PTFEにフッ素ガスを接触させて作製した末端を完全フッ素化したPTFEの赤外吸収スペクトル分析も行い、両者の差スペクトルから次式により末端カルボキシル基の個数を算出する。
末端カルボキシル基の個数(炭素数106個あたり)=(l×K)/t
l:吸光度
K:補正係数
t:フィルムの厚み(mm)
カルボキシル基の吸収周波数は3560cm-1前後、補正係数は440とする。
上記低分子量PTFEは、分子鎖末端の酸フルオライド基に対応する吸光度(Absorbance)が0.025以下であることが好ましく、0.020以下であることがより好ましい。下限は特に限定されず、検出限界未満の値であってよい。
また、分子鎖中のカルボニル基に対応する吸光度が0.020以下であることが好ましく、0.010以下であることがより好ましい。下限は特に限定されず、検出限界未満の値であってよい。
上記吸光度は、特開平4-20507号公報記載の末端基の分析方法に準拠して測定する値である。
なお、酸フルオライド基の吸収周波数は1880cm-1前後、カルボニル基の吸収周波数は1810cm-1前後である。
CF2=CF-ORf (1)
(式中、Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基を表す。)で表されるパーフルオロ不飽和化合物等が挙げられる。本明細書において、上記「パーフルオロ有機基」とは、炭素原子に結合する水素原子が全てフッ素原子に置換されてなる有機基を意味する。上記パーフルオロ有機基は、エーテル酸素を有していてもよい。
本開示の組成物は、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が少ない新規な低分子量PTFE組成物である。
上記パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の量は、液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定できる。
本開示の組成物が、上述した工程(2)、複合工程(A)、複合工程(C)、工程(X)又は工程(Y2)を経て得られたものである場合、上記炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量は、工程(2)、複合工程(A)、複合工程(C)、工程(X)又は工程(Y2)を実施した後の時点で、上記範囲内にあることが好ましく、更なる加熱(例えば、加工時の加熱)を実施した後の時点でも、上記範囲内にあることがより好ましい。
上記パーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の量は、液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定できる。
また、本開示の組成物は、炭素数9~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量が上記範囲内にあることも好ましい。
加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の量が上記範囲内にある組成物は、加工時等、各種の用途に適用する段階で酸素存在下に加熱した場合であっても、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩を生成しにくい。
加熱・測定条件Bに従って求める上記パーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の量が上記範囲内にある組成物は、加工時等、各種の用途に適用する段階で酸素存在下に加熱した場合であっても、上記パーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩を生成しにくい。
必要に応じて、本開示の組成物から上記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質を除去してから用途に供してもよい。
本開示の組成物に含まれる低分子量PTFEは、従来公知の低分子量PTFEと比べても何ら劣ることのない優れた物性を有し、従来公知の低分子量PTFEと同じ方法で使用でき、同じ用途に使用することができる。
ASTM D 1238に準拠し、フローテスター(島津製作所社製)及び2φ-8Lのダイを用い、予め380℃で5分間加熱しておいた2gの試料を0.7MPaの荷重にて上記温度に保って測定を行った。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行った。測定粉末1gにアセトニトリル5mlを加え、60分間の超音波処理を行い、パーフルオロオクタン酸を抽出した。得られた液相について、MRM(Multiple Reaction Monitoring)法を用いて測定した。移動相としてアセトニトリル(A)と酢酸アンモニウム水溶液(20mmol/L)(B)を、濃度勾配(A/B=40/60-2min-80/20-1min)で送液した。分離カラム(ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm)を使用し、カラム温度は40℃、注入量は5μLとした。イオン化法はESI(Electrospray ionization) Negativeを使用し、コーン電圧は25Vに設定し、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は413/369を測定した。パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量は外部標準法を用い、算出した。この測定における検出限界は5質量ppbである。
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行った。
上記加熱後の試料1gを用いて、上記と同様の方法により、PFOAの含有量を測定した。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行った。測定粉末1gを用いて、上記と同様にしてパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩を抽出した液相を使用し、MRM法を用いて測定した。測定条件はパーフルオロオクタン酸の測定条件から、濃度勾配を変更し(A/B=10/90-1.5min-90/10-3.5min)、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は、パーフルオロブタン酸(炭素数4)は213/169、パーフルオロペンタン酸(炭素数5)は263/219、パーフルオロヘキサン酸(炭素数6)は313/269、パーフルオロヘプタン酸(炭素数7)は363/319、パーフルオロオクタン酸(炭素数8)は413/369、パーフルオロノナン酸(炭素数9)は463/419、パーフルオロデカン酸(炭素数10)は513/469、パーフルオロウンデカン酸(炭素数11)は563/519、パーフルオロドデカン酸(炭素数12)は613/569、パーフルオロトリデカン酸(炭素数13)は663/619、パーフルオロテトラデカン酸(炭素数14)は713/669を測定した。
炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の合計量は、上記測定より得られたパーフルオロオクタン酸の含有量(X)から下記式を用いて算出した。この測定における検出限界は5質量ppbである。
(AC4+AC5+AC6+AC7+AC8+AC9+AC10+AC11+AC12+AC13+AC14)/AC8×X
AC4:パーフルオロブタン酸のピーク面積
AC5:パーフルオロペンタン酸のピーク面積
AC6:パーフルオロヘキサン酸のピーク面積
AC7:パーフルオロヘプタン酸のピーク面積
AC8:パーフルオロオクタン酸のピーク面積
AC9:パーフルオロノナン酸のピーク面積
AC10:パーフルオロデカン酸のピーク面積
AC11:パーフルオロウンデカン酸のピーク面積
AC12:パーフルオロドデカン酸のピーク面積
AC13:パーフルオロトリデカン酸のピーク面積
AC14:パーフルオロテトラデカン酸のピーク面積
X:MRM法を用いた測定結果から外部標準法を用いて算出したパーフルオロオクタン酸の含有量
炭素数9~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の含有量も、上記に準じて測定した。
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行った。
上記加熱後の試料1gを用いて、上記と同様の方法により、PFCの含有量を測定した。
測定粉末と、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の非存在下で放射線照射を行う点以外は上記測定粉末と同様にして得られた粉末とについて、下記測定方法により吸光度を求め、下記式により規格値を算出した。
規格値=(測定粉末の水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度)/(遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の非存在下で放射線照射を行って得られた粉末の水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度)
(測定方法)
水素付加体由来の官能基に対応する吸光度(Absorbance)は、特開平4-20507号公報記載の末端基の分析方法に準拠して測定した。
低分子量PTFE粉末をハンドプレスにて予備成形し、0.1~1.0mm厚みのフィルムを作製した。作製したフィルムについて赤外吸収スペクトル分析した。PTFEにフッ素ガスを接触させて作製した分子中に存在する官能基を完全にフッ素化除去したPTFEの赤外吸収スペクトル分析も行い、両者の差スペクトルから、PTFE分子中の水素付加体由来の官能基に対応する吸光度(Absorbance)の高さを計測した。
得られた差スペクトルの3000cm-1から4000cm-1の範囲で拡大し、3300cm-1から3970cm-1の範囲でベースラインを引いた。そのとき、3556cm-1のピークトップの高さを計測することで、PTFE分子中の水素付加体由来の官能基に対応する吸光度(Absorbance)の絶対値を求めた。
密閉容器内の気層部分をガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析することにより測定した。更に、密閉容器内に同封した酸素インジケーターの色調が紫色から桃色に変化することで、酸素濃度が2.0体積%未満(酸素不在)であることを確認した。更に、酸素濃度計でも酸素濃度が2.0体積%未満であることを確認した。
酸素濃度が0.1体積%未満であることの確認も、同様に行った。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)20gを重量天秤で計量して、バリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。次いで、同様に重量天秤にて20gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。高分子量PTFEとポリエチレンペレットは、バリアナイロン製の袋の真ん中付近に仕切りを設けることで、お互い接触しないようにし、ガスのみが流通できるようにした。更に脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を高分子量PTFE側とポリエチレンペレット側にそれぞれ1個ずつ入れた。次いで、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターにより、袋内が酸素不在であることを確認した後、上記バリアナイロン製の袋に対して、400kGyのγ線を照射した。この時の照射条件は、試料中心での平均線量率6.25kGy/h、照射施設内の室温は25℃であった。
続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で15日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1と同様の方法でγ線を照射した。続いて、その袋を開封し、大気中で1日開放状態にした後、50mLのSUS製筒型オートクレーブにPTFEのみを入れ、更に新たな脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を1個入れ、密閉した。次いで、オートクレーブ内で窒素ガスの流通と油回転ポンプによる排気を3回繰り返した後、オートクレーブ内を減圧状態(2.7torr)にした。FORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
オートクレーブに脱酸素剤を入れなかった以外、実施例2と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
ポリエチレンペレットをバリアナイロン製の袋に入れなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
ポリエチレンペレットをバリアナイロン製の袋に入れなかった以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
ポリエチレンペレットをバリアナイロン製の袋に入れなかった以外は、実施例3と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gを重量天秤で計量して、バリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。次いで、同様に重量天秤にて15gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。高分子量PTFEとポリエチレンペレットは、バリアナイロン袋の中で混合するようにした。更に脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を1袋その中に入れた。次いで、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターにより、袋内が酸素不在であることを確認した後、上記バリアナイロン製の袋に対して、400kGyのγ線を照射した。この時の照射条件は、試料中心での平均線量率6.25kGy/h、照射施設内の室温は25℃であった。
続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で23日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間、36時間、72時間、168時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
ポリエチレンペレットをバリアナイロン製の袋に入れなかった以外は、実施例4と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gを重量天秤で計量して、バリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。次いで、同様に重量天秤にて0.3g、1.5g、3.0g、7.5g、15gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をそれぞれバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。高分子量PTFEとポリエチレンペレットは、バリア性ナイロン袋の中で混合するようにした。更に脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を1袋その中に入れた。次いで、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターにより、袋内が酸素不在であることを確認した後、上記バリアナイロン製の袋に対して、400kGyのγ線を照射した。この時の照射条件は、試料中心での平均線量率6.25kGy/h、照射施設内の室温は25℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で23日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(2)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.175、変性体1、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)を用いたこと以外は、実施例5-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(3)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.168、変性体2、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)を用いたこと以外は、実施例5-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
高分子量PTFEモールディングパウダー(4)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.160、ホモ体、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)を用いたこと以外は、実施例5-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例5-1と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(2)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.175、変性体1、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例5-2と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(3)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.168、変性体2、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例5-3と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
高分子量PTFEモールディングパウダー(4)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.160、ホモ体、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例5-4と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
30Lのアルミ製の袋(内袋ポリエチレン)を18Lの一斗缶にセットし、重量天秤にて0.2kgに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)と脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)15袋を上記袋の底に入れた。そこに、高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)2kgを重量天秤で計量して、上記アルミ製の袋に入れた。更にその上に上記ポリエチレンペレットを0.2kgと脱酸素剤10袋を入れ、また更にその上に上記PTFEを2k入れた。これを繰り返し、トータルで、PTFE8kg、ポリエチレン0.8kg、脱酸素剤50袋になるように入れた後、袋内を油回転ポンプによる排気を行った後、袋内を減圧状態(2E-2torr)にした後、ヒートシールを用いて、袋を密封した。上記一斗缶に対して片面ずつにそれぞれ179kGyのγ線を照射し、トータル358kGyとした。この時の照射条件は、試料中心での平均線量率6.25kGy/h、照射施設内の室温は25℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で18日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で96時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
30Lのアルミ製の袋(内袋ポリエチレン)を18Lの一斗缶にセットし、重量天秤にて0.5kgに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)と脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)10袋を上記袋の底に入れた。そこに、高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(2)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.175、変性体1、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)1kgを重量天秤にて計量し、上記アルミ製の袋に入れた。更にその上に上記ポリエチレンペレットを0.5kgと脱酸素剤10袋を入れ、また更にその上に上記PTFEを1k入れた。これを繰り返し、トータルで、PTFE6kg、ポリエチレン3kg、脱酸素剤50袋になるように入れた後、袋内を油回転ポンプによる排気を行った後、袋内を減圧状態(2E-2torr)にした後、ヒートシールを用いて、袋を密封した。上記一斗缶に対して片面ずつにそれぞれ200kGyのγ線を照射し、トータル400kGyとした。この時の照射条件は、試料中心での平均線量率6.25kGy/h、照射施設内の室温は25℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で2日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で36時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gを重量天秤で計量して、バリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。次いで、同様に重量天秤にて15g、30g、45g、60gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をそれぞれバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。高分子量PTFEとポリエチレンペレットは、バリア性ナイロン袋の中で混合するようにした。更に脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を1袋その中に入れた。次いで、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターは桃色であった。バリアナイロン製袋内のPTFEを、電子の透過深度以下になるように薄く均一に分散させ、2MVの日新電機(株)製電子加速器(定格2MV、60kW)を用いて、2MV,2mAで、400kGyの電子線照射を行った。このとき、移動照射を行い移動速度に対する吸収線量は、1パスあたり5kGyであり、室温で照射を開始し、照射終了時の温度は50℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で12日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表6に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対し、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかった以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表6に示す。
縦×横×高さが100mm×100mm×10mmの各アルミ製トレイに、脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)1袋を入れた後、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をそれぞれ、2g、4g、8g、12g、20gを重量天秤で計量して入れた。その上に高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)を、トレイの上面擦切りまで入れた。全体の重量を重量天秤で計量して、高分子量PTFEの仕込み量を計算し、ポリエチレンの添加率を求めた。これをバリアナイロン製の袋に入れ、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターは桃色であった。2MVの日新電機(株)製電子加速器(定格2MV、60kW)を用いて、2MV,2mAで、400kGyの電子線照射を行った。このとき、移動照射を行い移動速度に対する吸収線量は、1パスあたり5kGyであり、室温で照射を開始し、照射終了時の温度は50℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で5日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で24時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表7に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)に対し、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかった以外は、実施例8と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表7に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gを重量天秤で計量して、バリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。次いで、同様に重量天秤にて30gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をさきほどのバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。高分子量PTFEとポリエチレンペレットは、バリア性ナイロン袋の中で混合するようにした。更に脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を1袋その中に入れた。次いで、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターは桃色であった。バリアナイロン製袋内のPTFEを、電子の透過深度以下になるように薄く均一に分散させ、2MVの日新電機(株)製電子加速器(定格2MV、60kW)を用いて、2MV,2mAで、350kGy、400kGy、450kGyの電子線照射を行った。このとき、移動照射を行い移動速度に対する吸収線量は、1パスあたり5kGyであり、室温で照射を開始し、照射終了時の温度は50℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で12日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表8に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対し、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかった以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表8に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gを重量天秤で計量して、バリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。次いで、同様に重量天秤にて3gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をさきほどのバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。高分子量PTFEとポリエチレンペレットは、バリア性ナイロン袋の中で混合するようにした。更に脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を1袋その中に入れた。次いで、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターは桃色であった。バリアナイロン製袋内のPTFEを、電子の透過深度以下になるように薄く均一に分散させ、2MVの日新電機(株)製電子加速器(定格2MV、60kW)を用いて、2MV,2mAで、400kGyの電子線照射を行った。このとき、移動照射を行い移動速度に対する吸収線量は、1パスあたり5kGyであり、室温で照射を開始し、照射終了時の温度は50℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で2日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間、72時間、168時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表9に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対し、同様に重量天秤にて15gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をさきほどのバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた以外は、実施例10-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表9に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対し、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかった以外は、実施例10-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表9に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gを重量天秤で計量して、バリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。次いで、同様に重量天秤にて1.5g、3g、7.5g、15gに計量したポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)をそれぞれさきほどのバリアナイロン製の袋に入れた。高分子量PTFEとポリエチレンペレットは、バリア性ナイロン袋の中で混合するようにした。更に脱酸素剤(A-500HS、アズワン(株)製)を1袋その中に入れた。次いで、真空シーラー装置(富士インパルス(株)V-300-10W)を用いて袋内を減圧状態(20torr)にした後、ヒートシールにより密封した。袋内に予め設置しておいた酸素インジケーターは桃色であった。バリアナイロン製袋内のPTFEを、電子の透過深度以下になるように薄く均一に分散させ、2MVの日新電機(株)製電子加速器(定格2MV、60kW)を用いて、2MV,2mAで、400kGyの電子線照射を行った。このとき、移動照射を行い移動速度に対する吸収線量は、1パスあたり5kGyであり、室温で照射を開始し、照射終了時の温度は50℃であった。続いて、袋を開封することなく、20~28℃の室温で2日間保管(自然失活プロセス)した後、開封することなく袋の状態でそのままFORCED CONVECTION OVEN(アドバンテック社製DRX620DA)を用いて80℃で18時間の加熱処理(加速失活プロセス)を行い、低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。
得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(2)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.175、変性体1、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)を用いたこと以外は、実施例11-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(3)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.168、変性体2、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)を用いたこと以外は、実施例11-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
高分子量PTFEモールディングパウダー(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.160、ホモ体、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)を用いたこと以外は、実施例11-1と同様の方法で低分子量PTFE粉末を得た。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(1)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.171、ホモ体、炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩(PFC)並びにPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例11-1と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(2)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.175、変性体1、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例11-2と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
高分子量PTFEファインパウダー(3)(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.168、変性体2、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例11-3と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
高分子量PTFEモールディングパウダー(ASTM D 4895に準拠し、測定した標準比重:2.160、ホモ体、PFC及びPFOAの濃度は検出限界未満である)30gに対して、ポリエチレンペレット(ハーモレックスLLDPE、日本ポリエチレン(株)製)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例11-4と同様の操作を行った。得られた低分子量PTFE粉末の各種物性を測定した。結果を表10に示す。
Claims (30)
- 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sである低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法であって、
遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに放射線を照射することにより、前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを低分子量化する工程(1)、及び、
前記照射により生成した主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルの少なくとも一部を失活させることにより、前記低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを得る工程(2)
を含む低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法。 - 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sである低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法であって、
遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに放射線を照射することにより、前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを低分子量化する工程(1)、及び、
工程(1)で得られた低分子量化物を、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの室温転移温度(β1分散温度である19℃)以上の温度で加温又は加熱処理することにより、前記低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを得る工程(2a)
を含む低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法。 - 工程(2a)における加温又は加熱処理を、70℃以上の温度で行う請求項2記載の製造方法。
- 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sである低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法であって、
遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに放射線を照射することにより、前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを低分子量化する工程(1)、及び、
工程(1)で得られた低分子量化物を5分間以上保持することにより、前記低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを得る工程(2b)
を含む低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法。 - 工程(2b)における保持を、10時間以上行う請求項4記載の製造方法。
- 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sである低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法であって、
遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに放射線を照射することにより、前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを低分子量化する工程(1)、及び、
前記照射により生成した主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルの少なくとも一部を失活させることにより、前記低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを得る工程(2)
を含み、工程(1)及び(2)を同時に実施する低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法。 - 前記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質は、炭化水素系有機化合物、アミン類、シラン系有機化合物、水及び水素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質は、鎖式炭化水素化合物、環式炭化水素化合物、合成高分子、生分解性高分子、炭水化物、アンモニア及び水からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の量は、前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに対し、0.0001~1000質量%である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(1)における放射線の線量が10~1000kGyである請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(1)における放射線の線量が100~750kGyである請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(1)を、実質的に酸素の不存在下で実施する請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(2)を、実質的に酸素の不存在下で実施する請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(1)の開始から工程(2)の終了までの期間中、実質的に酸素が不存在の状態を維持する請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンは、標準比重が2.130~2.230である請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン及び前記低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンがいずれも粉末である請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 工程(1)の前に、更に、前記高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを、その一次融点以上に加熱することにより成形品を得る工程(3)を含み、前記成形品は、比重が1.0g/cm3以上である請求項1~16のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sである低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法であって、
放射線照射時の試料温度がポリテトラフルオロエチレンの室温転移温度(β1分散温度である19℃)以上、320℃以下、線量率が0.1kGy/s以上の条件下に、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で高分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンに放射線を照射することにより、前記低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを得る工程(X)を含むことを特徴とする低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法。 - 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sである低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法であって、
380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであるポリテトラフルオロエチレンに、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の存在下で放射線を照射することにより、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを低分子量化する工程(Y1)、及び、
前記照射により生成した主鎖ラジカル及び末端ラジカルの少なくとも一部を失活させることにより、前記低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを得る工程(Y2)
を含むことを特徴とする低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの製造方法。 - 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sである低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンと、遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質とを含み、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満である組成物。
- 下記加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である請求項20記載の組成物。
(加熱・測定条件A)
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行う。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行う。上記加熱後の試料1gにアセトニトリル5mlを加え、60分間の超音波処理を行い、パーフルオロオクタン酸を抽出する。得られた液相について、MRM(Multiple Reaction Monitoring)法を用いて測定する。移動相としてアセトニトリル(A)と酢酸アンモニウム水溶液(20mmol/L)(B)を、濃度勾配(A/B=40/60-2min-80/20-1min)で送液する。分離カラム(ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm)を使用し、カラム温度は40℃、注入量は5μLとする。イオン化法はESI(Electrospray ionization) Negativeを使用し、コーン電圧は25Vに設定し、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は413/369を測定する。パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量は外部標準法を用い、算出する。 - 加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が50質量ppb未満である請求項21記載の組成物。
- 加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満である請求項21又は22記載の組成物。
- 炭素数9~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量が25質量ppb未満である請求項20~23のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量が25質量ppb未満である請求項20~24のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、
真空下での電子スピン共鳴測定により得られるピークが以下の関係式(I)を充足し、
パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満であり、かつ、下記加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
関係式(I):3.0>Peak M/Peak A>0.3
(式中、Peak Mは低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン中の末端ラジカルに対応するtripletの中心のピーク高さを表し、Peak Aは低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン中の主鎖ラジカルに対応するdouble quintetのピーク高さを表す。)
(加熱・測定条件A)
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行う。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行う。上記加熱後の試料1gにアセトニトリル5mlを加え、60分間の超音波処理を行い、パーフルオロオクタン酸を抽出する。得られた液相について、MRM(Multiple Reaction Monitoring)法を用いて測定する。移動相としてアセトニトリル(A)と酢酸アンモニウム水溶液(20mmol/L)(B)を、濃度勾配(A/B=40/60-2min-80/20-1min)で送液する。分離カラム(ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm)を使用し、カラム温度は40℃、注入量は5μLとする。イオン化法はESI(Electrospray ionization) Negativeを使用し、コーン電圧は25Vに設定し、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は413/369を測定する。パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量は外部標準法を用い、算出する。 - 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、
大気下での電子スピン共鳴測定により得られるピークが以下の関係式(1)及び(2)を充足し、
パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満であり、かつ、下記加熱・測定条件Aに従って求めるパーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が100質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
関係式(1):Peak M2/Peak A1≧1.0
(式中、Peak M2は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表し、Peak A1は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの主鎖上に捕捉されたアルキル型過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表す。)
関係式(2):Peak M2/Peak M3<1.0
(式中、Peak M2は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する負のピーク強度の絶対値を表し、Peak M3は低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの分子鎖末端に捕捉された過酸化ラジカルに対応する正のピーク強度の絶対値を表す。)
(加熱・測定条件A)
50ccのステンレス製の筒型気密容器に大気下で2~20gの試料を充填し、蓋をして150℃で18時間加熱を行う。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(Waters,LC-MS ACQUITY UPLC/TQD)を用い、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量の測定を行う。上記加熱後の試料1gにアセトニトリル5mlを加え、60分間の超音波処理を行い、パーフルオロオクタン酸を抽出する。得られた液相について、MRM(Multiple Reaction Monitoring)法を用いて測定する。移動相としてアセトニトリル(A)と酢酸アンモニウム水溶液(20mmol/L)(B)を、濃度勾配(A/B=40/60-2min-80/20-1min)で送液する。分離カラム(ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm)を使用し、カラム温度は40℃、注入量は5μLとする。イオン化法はESI(Electrospray ionization) Negativeを使用し、コーン電圧は25Vに設定し、プリカーサーイオン分子量/プロダクトイオン分子量は413/369を測定する。パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量は外部標準法を用い、算出する。 - 380℃における溶融粘度が1.0×102~7.0×105Pa・sであり、以下の式(3)により求める規格値が1.1~10.0であり、パーフルオロオクタン酸及びその塩の含有量が25質量ppb未満である低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
式(3):
規格値=(前記低分子量PTFEの、水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度)/(遊離水素原子を生成し得る物質の非存在下で放射線照射を行って得られた低分子量PTFEの、水素付加体由来の官能基の吸光度) - 炭素数9~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量が25質量ppb未満である請求項26~28のいずれかに記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
- 炭素数4~14のパーフルオロカルボン酸及びその塩の総量が25質量ppb未満である請求項26~29のいずれかに記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。
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