WO2021147828A1 - 镜头、摄像模组及终端设备 - Google Patents

镜头、摄像模组及终端设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021147828A1
WO2021147828A1 PCT/CN2021/072565 CN2021072565W WO2021147828A1 WO 2021147828 A1 WO2021147828 A1 WO 2021147828A1 CN 2021072565 W CN2021072565 W CN 2021072565W WO 2021147828 A1 WO2021147828 A1 WO 2021147828A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
component
image
optical axis
object side
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/072565
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶海水
葛洪
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP21744203.7A priority Critical patent/EP4084461A4/en
Priority to US17/794,538 priority patent/US20230093497A1/en
Publication of WO2021147828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021147828A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
    • G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
    • G02B13/0045—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0055—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
    • G02B13/006—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element at least one element being a compound optical element, e.g. cemented elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/02—Telephoto objectives, i.e. systems of the type + - in which the distance from the front vertex to the image plane is less than the equivalent focal length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
    • G02B9/34—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having four components only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B30/00—Camera modules comprising integrated lens units and imaging units, specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones or vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/45—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from two or more image sensors being of different type or operating in different modes, e.g. with a CMOS sensor for moving images in combination with a charge-coupled device [CCD] for still images
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/144—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only
    • G02B15/1441—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being positive
    • G02B15/144111—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being positive arranged ++-+
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
    • H04M1/0264—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components for a camera module assembly

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of optical imaging technology, in particular to lenses, camera modules and terminal equipment.
  • the shooting function has become an essential function of many smart terminal devices (such as smart phones), and the lens has become one of the essential components in the terminal device.
  • the design of the telephoto lens group is an indispensable part.
  • the temperature effect or temperature drift phenomenon
  • chromatic aberration of the telephoto lens are serious, and the quality of the modulation transfer function (Modulation Transfer Function, MTF) is also affected.
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • This application provides a lens, camera module, and terminal equipment to solve the prior art.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a lens, which includes a first component, a second component, a third component, and a fourth component that are sequentially arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; the first group The element has a positive optical power; the second element has a positive optical power, and the second element includes a second lens and a third lens arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis, the second lens and the third lens
  • the joint is a doublet lens; the third component has a negative refractive power; the optical length of the lens is TTL, the effective focal length of the lens is f, and TTL and f satisfy: TTL/f ⁇ 1.
  • the lens utilizes the power of each lens to cooperate with the doublet lens, and through reasonable limits of TTL and f, it can reduce the total length of the lens (or the barrel length of the lens itself), maximize the back focal length, and ensure the small size of the lens. It has a long focal length, and can achieve achromatic effects. Only four components are needed to achieve a telephoto of more than 5 times, making the thickness of the camera module smaller.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the second lens and the third lens are V2 and V3, respectively, V2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100; V3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100.
  • the fourth component is a fifth lens
  • the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the fifth lens is R51
  • the radius of curvature of the image side surface of the fifth lens is R52
  • R51 and R52 satisfy:
  • the radius of curvature of the two side surfaces of the fifth lens can be adjusted to a reasonable value to correct off-axis aberrations and comprehensive aberrations, and to ensure the overall assembly process of the lens.
  • the combined focal length of the second lens and the third lens is f23, and f23 satisfies: 0 ⁇ f23/f ⁇ 3.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a camera module including an image sensor, and the camera module further includes the lens in the first aspect, and the image sensor is located on the image side of the lens.
  • the lens in the camera module By setting the lens in the camera module, the lens length of the camera module can be shortened. Under the premise of ensuring the thickness of the camera module is thinner, the camera with telephoto, small size, temperature insensitivity and high image quality can be realized. Module.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device including the camera module in the second aspect.
  • a camera module with this lens By installing a camera module with this lens in the terminal equipment, various shooting application scenarios under higher focal length multiples (especially 5 times or more telephoto) can be realized, the quality of shooting is improved, and the terminal can be effectively reduced
  • the thickness of the device enhances the function of the terminal device and improves the user experience.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a mobile phone, including: a housing, a display, a loudspeaker, a microphone, and one or more camera modules in the second aspect, at least one of the lenses is located on the surface where the display is located, Or/and, at least one of the lenses is located on the side facing away from the display.
  • a camera module with this lens in the mobile phone, various shooting application scenarios under higher focal length multiples (especially 5 times or more telephoto) can be realized, the quality of shooting is improved, and the mobile phone’s performance can be effectively reduced. Thickness enhances the functions of terminal equipment and improves user experience.
  • This solution is suitable for smart homes, smart car devices, smart wearable devices, smart phones, artificial intelligence devices, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lens according to the first embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spherical aberration simulation of the lens provided in the first embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of field curvature simulation of the lens provided in Embodiment 1 of the application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a distortion simulation of a lens provided in Embodiment 1 of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of off-axis chromatic aberration of the lens provided in Embodiment 1 of the application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the light beams provided by Embodiment 1 of the application converging on the image sensor after passing through the lens;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lens according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the spherical aberration simulation of the lens provided in the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of field curvature simulation of the lens provided in the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the distortion simulation of the lens provided in the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of off-axis chromatic aberration of the lens provided in the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the light beam provided by the second embodiment of the application converging on the image sensor after passing through the lens;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens according to Embodiment 3 of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of spherical aberration of the lens provided in the third embodiment of the application.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of field curvature simulation of the lens provided in the third embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a distortion simulation of the lens provided in the third embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of off-axis chromatic aberration of the lens provided in Embodiment 3 of the application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the light beam provided by the third embodiment of the application converging on the image sensor after passing through the lens;
  • 19A and 19B are schematic diagrams of a mobile phone provided in Embodiment 8 of this application.
  • S12-Image plane that is, the plane where the image sensor is located.
  • the lens of the terminal equipment is designed with a structure of 4 to 7 lenses, which can achieve telephoto. As the focal length of the lens design increases, the temperature effect becomes more and more obvious, which seriously affects the user experience.
  • One solution is to perform temperature compensation in the terminal equipment, monitor the ambient temperature of the lens group, calculate the voice coil motor (VCM, which can adjust the position of the lens to change the focal length) step size, and push the lens Focus.
  • VCM voice coil motor
  • Such a solution requires the voice coil motor VCM to have a larger stroke, which increases the power consumption and design difficulty of the voice coil motor VCM, and it is easy to enter the non-linear region of the voice coil motor.
  • the temperature compensation method needs to increase the computing power of the Image Signal Processor (ISP), and the accuracy of the temperature compensation algorithm of the terminal device is limited, and it is difficult to perform real-time compensation according to the complex temperature scene.
  • ISP Image Signal Processor
  • the chromatic aberration of the telephoto lens is serious, which affects the imaging effect of the camera module.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a lens, a camera module, and an electronic device.
  • the embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application relate to a lens, a camera module, and an electronic device.
  • the lens is a telephoto lens for daily use of electronic devices.
  • the equivalent focal length ratio is greater than or equal to 5 times, and the equivalent focal length is greater than or equal to 125 mm.
  • the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, an augmented reality (Augmented Reality, AR) device, a virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) device , Monitoring equipment, vehicle equipment, smart home and other electronic equipment.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • AR Augmented Reality
  • VR Virtual Reality
  • Lens It is a component that uses the refraction principle of the lens to make the light from the scene pass through the lens to form a clear image on the focal plane.
  • Aberration refers to the difference between the results obtained by non-paraxial ray tracing and paraxial ray tracing in the lens, and the deviation from the ideal condition of Gaussian optics (first-order approximation theory or paraxial ray).
  • Aberration is divided into two categories: chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberration.
  • the chromatic aberration is because the refractive index of the lens material is a function of the wavelength. When light of different wavelengths passes through the lens, the refractive index is different and the dispersion occurs.
  • the dispersion in which the refractive index of the light decreases as the wavelength increases can be called normal dispersion, and The dispersion in which the refractive index increases with the increase in wavelength can be called negative dispersion (or anomalous dispersion).
  • Monochromatic aberration refers to the aberration that occurs even in highly monochromatic light. According to the effect produced, the monochromatic aberration is divided into two categories: "blurring the image" and “distorting the image.”
  • the former category includes spherical aberration and astigmatism, while the latter category includes field curvature and distortion.
  • the chromatic aberration includes axial chromatic aberration and off-axis chromatic aberration.
  • Axial chromatic aberration refers to the direction along the optical axis. Because the lens has different refractive indexes for light of different wavelengths, the focal points of light of different colors are different.
  • the optical power is equal to the difference between the image-side beam convergence and the object-side beam convergence, and it represents the ability of the lens to deflect light. If the optical power is positive, the lens has a converging effect, and if the optical power is negative, the lens has a divergent effect.
  • Focal length the distance from the main plane of the lens to the corresponding focal point.
  • Aperture diaphragm The diaphragm with the smallest incident aperture angle, called the aperture diaphragm.
  • Object side The side of the lens closest to the real object is the object side.
  • Image side The side of the lens closest to the image side is the image side.
  • Temperature effect also known as the phenomenon of temperature drift, which means that the shape and size of the lens surface and the refractive index change with the increase of temperature. Among them, the focal length and back focus of the lens group change with temperature, which is called temperature effect.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the lens in the direction of the optical axis.
  • the object plane is shown together.
  • the lens is set between the image sensor and the object surface to form an image of a real object and reflect it on the image sensor. Therefore, the side where the real object is located is called the object side, and the side where the image sensor is located is called the image side.
  • the surface on which it is located can be called the image surface.
  • the lens 10, the filter 12, and the image sensor 13 together form the camera module 1.
  • the lens 10 includes a diaphragm (or called an aperture diaphragm) ST, a first component G1, a second component G2, a third component G3, and a fourth group that are sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side along the optical axis OA.
  • the first element G1 has positive refractive power
  • the second element G2 has positive refractive power
  • the second element G2 includes a second lens L2 and a lens L2 arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis.
  • the third lens L3, the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are combined into a doublet lens
  • the third component has negative refractive power.
  • the first component G1 has a positive optical power, and by focusing the light beam and deflecting the light at a large angle, the total length of the lens 10 can be shortened, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the lens.
  • the two side surfaces of the first component G1 have the same shape direction (for example, when the object side surface S1 of the first component G1 is convex near the optical axis, the image side surface S2 of the first component G1
  • the near optical axis is concave; when the object side surface S1 of the first component G1 is concave near the optical axis, the image side surface S2 of the first component G1 is convex near the optical axis), and the field angles are scattered Small, easy to optimize the aberration of the lens.
  • the second component G2 has a positive refractive power. By further focusing the focused light beam of the first component G1, the total length of the lens 10 can be further shortened, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the lens.
  • the second component G2 includes a second lens L2 and a third lens L3, and the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are combined into a doublet lens.
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 may be respectively made of materials with different refractive indexes and dispersion coefficients to eliminate chromatic aberration and improve imaging quality.
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 may be combined by an adhesive, and the adhesive may be Canadian fir balsam or epoxy.
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 may not be combined with an adhesive, and the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 may be combined together by an external fixture.
  • the third component has a negative optical power to diffuse the light beam, which is beneficial to achieve high-power telephoto, and is beneficial to balance optical aberrations at different apertures.
  • the effective focal length of the lens 10 is f, and the distance from the object side surface S1 of the first component G1 to the infinity object on the optical axis from the imaging surface (or referred to as the optical length of the lens 10) is TTL (Through the Lens) , TTL and f meet: TTL/f ⁇ 1, and pass the reasonable limit of TTL/f ⁇ 1, so as to reduce the size of the entire lens 10 under the premise of ensuring the telephoto. If the value of TTL/f ⁇ 1 is too large, the overall size of the camera module is too large.
  • the optical power of each lens is matched with the doublet lens to reduce the total length of the lens (or the barrel length of the lens itself), maximize the back focus length, and ensure the compactness of the lens. It has a long focal length, and can achieve achromatic effects. Only four components are needed to achieve a telephoto of more than 5 times, so that the thickness of the camera module 1 can be smaller.
  • the object side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is convex near the optical axis, and in accordance with the positive refractive power of the first component G1, the light beam can be better focused and the total length of the lens 10 can be shortened , Conducive to the miniaturization of the lens.
  • the dispersion coefficients (Abbe numbers) of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are V2 and V3, respectively, and V2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100; V3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are designed to compensate, so as to better reduce the overall chromatic aberration of the lens and achieve a better imaging effect.
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 40
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficients of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 can be Effective compensation
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 40
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens The dispersion coefficient of L3 can also be effectively compensated.
  • the dispersion coefficient is an index used to express the dispersion capability of a transparent medium.
  • the greater the refractive index of the medium the more severe the dispersion, and the smaller the dispersion coefficient; on the contrary, the smaller the refractive index of the medium, the less the dispersion, and the greater the dispersion coefficient.
  • the combined focal length of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is f23, and f23 satisfies: 0 ⁇ f23/f ⁇ 3.
  • the joint surface S4 of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is a spherical surface, which can effectively correct chromatic aberration and reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the doublet lens.
  • the radius of curvature of the joint surface S4 is R23, and R23 satisfies: 0mm ⁇ R23 ⁇ 10mm. With a reasonable limit of R23, the radius of curvature of the joint surface S4 can be adjusted to a reasonable value for R23 to correct chromatic aberration and reduce the difficulty of manufacturing the doublet lens.
  • the fourth component G4 is the fifth lens L5, the radius of curvature of the object side surface S8 of the fifth lens L5 is R51, and the curvature of the image side surface S9 of the fifth lens L5
  • the radius is R52, R51 and R52 satisfy:
  • f, R51 and R52 the radii of curvature of the two side surfaces of the fifth lens L5 can be adjusted to reasonable values to correct off-axis aberrations and comprehensive aberrations, and to ensure the overall assembly process of the lens 10. If
  • the distance from the center position of the third component G3 on the image side surface to the center position of the fourth component G4 on the object side surface is SP4, and the distance between the center position of the third component G3 and the center position of the fourth component G4 on the object side is SP4.
  • the distance from the center position of the object side surface to the center position of the image side surface of the fourth component G4 is LT, and SP4 and LT satisfy: SP4/LT ⁇ 0.3.
  • the length of the lens 10 is L_1
  • the length from the center of gravity P of the lens 10 to the vertex position of the image side surface of the first component G1 is L_2
  • L_1 and L_2 satisfy: 0.4 ⁇ L_1 ⁇ L_2 ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ L_1.
  • the center of gravity P of the lens 10 can be made near the center of the length of the lens 10, motor tilt can be avoided, shake is effectively stabilized, and aberrations can be optimized.
  • the material and thickness of each component can be reasonably allocated, so that the center of gravity P of the lens 10 is distributed in a reasonable position.
  • the density of the glass is greater than that of the plastic.
  • the thickness of the fourth component G4 can be appropriately increased to prevent the center of gravity P of the lens 10 from being too forward (the direction facing the object is forward).
  • the first component G1 is the first lens L1
  • the third component G3 is the fourth lens L4
  • the fourth component G4 is the fifth lens L5, and the object side of the first lens L1
  • the side surface S1 is a convex surface
  • the apex position of the object side surface of the first component G1 is the center position of the object side surface S1.
  • the image side surface S9 of the fifth lens L5 is a convex surface, and the image side surface vertex position of the fourth component G4 is the center position of the image side surface S9. Then the length of the lens 10 is L_1 and LT indicates the same length. If the object side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is concave, the apex position of the object side surface of the first component G1 is the edge position of the object side surface S1.
  • the image side surface S9 of the fifth lens L5 is a concave surface, and the image side surface vertex position of the fourth component G4 is the edge position of the image side surface S9.
  • the first component G1 is the first lens L1
  • the third component G3 is the fourth lens L4
  • the fourth component G4 is the fifth lens L5
  • At least one of L2, third lens L3, fourth lens L4, and fifth lens L5 is made of glass, and the temperature coefficient of refractive index of glass is smaller than that of plastic (the temperature coefficient of refractive index of plastic is about 10-100 times that of glass), Therefore, the use of glass lenses can effectively compensate for the temperature effect.
  • the dispersion of the lens made of glass material is relatively low, which is beneficial to reduce the dispersion.
  • the relative refractive index temperature coefficient ⁇ (can also be expressed as (dn/dt)rel) means: the coefficient of change of the refractive index of the material in air and other media with temperature.
  • the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the relative refractive index of the glass satisfies: -9 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 9 ⁇ 10 -5 .
  • a lens mixed and matched with glass and resin can have the characteristic that the refractive index of the glass material is not sensitive to the temperature coefficient, and can effectively reduce the material cost and processing cost of the entire lens.
  • the material of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is glass, that is, the two lenses of the doublet lens are both glass.
  • the lens 10 further includes an aperture stop ST, and the aperture stop ST may be a vignetting stop.
  • the aperture stop ST limits the width of the incident light beam on the object side, thereby limiting the imaging range of the lens 10, which is beneficial to reducing the outer diameter of the lens 10.
  • the aperture stop ST is located on the side of the first component G1 facing the image side. In other embodiments, the aperture stop ST may also be located on the side of the first component G1 facing the object side.
  • At least a part of the surfaces of the first lens L1 to the fifth lens L5 are aspherical, so as to correct aberrations, and at the same time, it is beneficial to correct the image peripheral aberrations and improve the imaging quality of the lens.
  • Z is the vector height parallel to the z-axis; r is the vertical distance between the point on the aspherical curve and the optical axis; c is the curvature at the vertex where the aspherical surface intersects the optical axis; k is the cone coefficient; Ai is the i-th Order aspheric coefficients; n is the total number of polynomial coefficients in the series.
  • the temperature drift coefficient of the lens 10 ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C (that is, the rate of change of the effective focal length f with temperature) satisfies: -0.5um/°C ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C ⁇ 1.5um/°C, the temperature effect of the lens 10 can be effectively suppressed by the reasonable limitation of the temperature drift coefficient ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C.
  • the lenses in this article are all optical elements that are located on the optical axis and have refractive power.
  • the so-called “convex surface” and “concave surface” both refer to the shape near the optical axis. That is to say, the above-mentioned surface shapes all refer to the shapes of parts that have a substantial influence on light, and the edge shape of the lens is not strictly limited, and it can be that the object side surface and the image side surface are parallel to facilitate processing.
  • the lens provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an aperture ST, a first component G1, a second component G2, a third component G3, and a fourth component that are sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side along the optical axis.
  • the first component G1 has a positive refractive power
  • the second component G2 has a positive refractive power
  • the second component G2 includes a second lens L2 and a second lens L2 arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis.
  • There are three lenses L3, the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are joined to form a doublet lens, and the third component has negative refractive power.
  • the glass-plastic hybrid lens structure adopted in this embodiment can reduce the chromatic dispersion of the lens by reasonably distributing the material, shape, thickness, chromatic aberration coefficient, and optical power of each component. Can effectively improve the temperature effect of the telephoto lens group, the MTF and the focal length of the lens are not sensitive to temperature. At the same time, light of different wavelengths can be focused on an image surface after passing through the lens 10, which improves the imaging performance and at the same time makes the telephoto lens more compact. Only a limited number of components (or lenses) can be used to achieve telephoto telephoto, so that the thickness of the module 1 can be less than 68 mm.
  • the off-axis chromatic aberration CA1 of the lens 10 can be less than or equal to 1 um, and the axial chromatic aberration CA2 of the lens 10 can be less than or equal to 10 um, and the imaging effect is good.
  • the lens includes sequentially from the object side to the image side along the optical axis.
  • the lens 10 includes an aperture stop ST and a first component G1 that are sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side along the optical axis OA.
  • the second component G2, the third component G3 and the fourth component G4, the first component G1 includes the first lens L1
  • the second component G2 includes the doublet formed by the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 Lenses
  • the third component G3 includes a fourth lens L4
  • the fourth component G4 includes a fifth lens L5.
  • the above-mentioned aperture stop ST, the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, the fourth lens L4, and the fifth lens L5 together constitute the lens 10 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the lens 10, the filter 12, and the image sensor 13 arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis constitute the camera module 1.
  • the first group element G1 has a positive refractive power, where the first group element G1 includes a first lens L1, the first lens L1 has a positive refractive power, and the object side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the square side surface S2 is a concave surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S1 and the image side surface S2 are both aspherical.
  • the light beam entering from the aperture stop 10 is focused by the first lens L1, so that the total length of the lens can be shortened, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the lens.
  • Both the object-side surface S1 and the image-side surface S2 are aspherical in order to correct aberrations.
  • the material of the first lens L1 is a resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • the distance from the object side surface S1 of the first group element G1 to the infinity object on the optical axis from the imaging surface (or called the optical length of the lens 10) is TTL, TTL/f ⁇ 0.95, which is conducive to achieving a shorter TTL .
  • the second component G2 has a positive refractive power, wherein the second component G2 includes a second lens L2 and a third lens L3, and the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are combined into a doublet lens to eliminate chromatic aberration.
  • the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the object-side surface of the second lens L2 and the image-side surface of the third lens L3 are joined to form a joint surface S4.
  • the joint surface S4 is opposite to the first
  • the second lens L2 has a concave surface (that is, the image side surface of the second lens L2 is a concave surface near the optical axis).
  • the cemented surface S4 is convex relative to the third lens L3 (that is, the object side surface of the third lens L3 is convex near the optical axis), and the image side surface S5 of the third lens L3 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the light beam after passing through the second component G2 is further focused, so that the total length of the lens can be shortened, which is beneficial to miniaturization of the lens.
  • the setting of the doublet lens can eliminate chromatic aberration and improve the image quality.
  • the object side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the cemented surface S4, and the image side surface S5 of the third lens L3 are all spherical, which can reduce the difficulty of manufacturing the doublet lens, and can also increase the second lens L2 and the third lens L3
  • the accuracy of the joining is beneficial to make the light beams passing through the lens 10 converge on an image plane.
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are made of glass, and the refractive index temperature coefficient of glass is smaller than that of plastic (the refractive index temperature coefficient of plastic is about 10-100 times that of glass), so the use of glass lens can achieve temperature Effective compensation of effects.
  • the dispersion of the lens made of glass material is relatively low, which is beneficial to reduce the dispersion.
  • the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the relative refractive index of the glass satisfies: -9 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 9 ⁇ 10 -5 .
  • the material of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 may be glass with different refractive indexes to better eliminate chromatic aberration and improve imaging quality.
  • the combined focal length of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is f23, and f23 satisfies: 0 ⁇ f23/f ⁇ 3.
  • the dispersion coefficients (Abbe numbers) of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are respectively V2 and V3, V2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100; V3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100.
  • the chromatic aberration of the lens 10 can be corrected through reasonable power distribution and dispersion coefficient selection.
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 40
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficients of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 can be Effective compensation
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 40
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens The dispersion coefficient of L3 can also be effectively compensated.
  • the chromatic aberration of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 that are mutually compensated are selected to correct the chromatic aberration of the lens 10 so that the axial chromatic aberration CA1 of the lens 10 can be less than or equal to 10 um.
  • the third component G3 has negative refractive power
  • the third component G3 includes a fourth lens L4, the fourth lens L4 has negative refractive power
  • the object side surface S6 of the fourth lens L4 has a concave surface near the optical axis.
  • the image side surface S7 is a concave surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S6 and the image side surface S7 are both aspherical.
  • the light beam is diffused by the fourth lens L4, and the relative position between the first component G1, the second component G2, the third component G3 and the fourth component G4 can be adjusted to achieve a high multiple (greater than or equal to 5 times). , It can even reach a telephoto of more than 10 times).
  • Both the object-side surface S6 and the image-side surface S7 are aspherical in order to correct aberrations.
  • the material of the fourth lens L4 is resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • the fourth component G4 has a positive refractive power
  • the fourth component G4 includes a fifth lens L5
  • the fifth lens L5 has a positive refractive power
  • the object side surface S8 of the fifth lens L5 is a concave surface near the optical axis.
  • the square side surface S9 is a convex surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S8 and the image side surface S9 are both aspherical.
  • the fifth lens L5 has a positive refractive power, which is beneficial for ensuring the final focusing function, correcting astigmatism, and controlling the incident angle of the chief ray to the image sensor.
  • Both the object-side surface S8 and the image-side surface S9 are aspherical surfaces to facilitate correction of aberrations, and at the same time, it is beneficial to correct the peripheral aberrations of the image and improve the imaging quality of the lens.
  • the material of the fifth lens L5 is resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • Z is the vector height parallel to the z-axis; r is the vertical distance between the point on the aspherical curve and the optical axis; c is the curvature at the vertex where the aspherical surface intersects the optical axis; k is the cone coefficient; Ai is the i-th Order aspheric coefficients; n is the total number of polynomial coefficients in the series.
  • each surface corresponds to a surface interval
  • the surface interval value refers to the distance between the surface and the adjacent surface in the image side at the optical axis.
  • the surface interval of the diaphragm ST is -0.400mm, which means: the distance between the diaphragm ST and the optical axis of the object side surface S1 is -0.400mm, and the minus sign "-" indicates that the diaphragm ST is compared to the object side surface
  • the S1 optical axis is closer to the image side
  • the surface spacing of the object side surface S1 is 0.834mm, which means: the distance between the object side surface S1 optical axis and the object side surface S2 optical axis is 0.834mm, the object side
  • the optical axis of the surface S1 is closer to the object side than the optical axis of the surface S2 on the object side;
  • Table 2 and Table 3 further provide the conic constant K and aspheric coefficients corresponding to each lens surface of the lens in this specific embodiment (in one embodiment, there are a total of 3 order aspheric coefficients).
  • ImgH is the maximum image height of the lens
  • TTL is the distance from the surface of the first lens facing the object to the image surface on the optical axis
  • f1 is the focal length of the first lens
  • f2 is the The focal length of the second lens
  • f3 is the focal length of the third lens
  • f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens
  • f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens.
  • Figures 2 to 5 are respectively the simulation results of spherical aberration, field curves, distortion and off-axis chromatic aberration according to the embodiment of the application. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the Under the premise of satisfying small size and high magnification telephoto, the axial chromatic aberration (longitudinal spherical aberration) of the lens 10 is less than 25um, and the off-axis chromatic aberration is less than 1um. The value of distortion is better, and it can guarantee high-definition imaging in telephoto scenes. Demand.
  • Fig. 2 several curves respectively represent the spherical aberration produced by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens, and the ordinate is the distance.
  • the value of light of each wavelength is The distance between the cursor and the optical axis, the abscissa is the spherical aberration (chromatic spherical aberration). It can be seen from the figure that the spherical aberration produced by the light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens is less than 25um.
  • Figure 3 is the astigmatic field curve.
  • the curves respectively represent the field curvature generated by the light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens.
  • the abscissa is the field of view
  • the ordinate is the image height, that is, the light of each wavelength enters the lens along different field of view positions. Later, the different image heights are produced.
  • Figure 4 is the distortion curve. Several curves represent the distortion caused by light of different wavelengths passing through the lens. The ordinate is the field of view, and the abscissa is the value of the distortion. The value of the distortion is the value of light of each wavelength after passing through the lens. , The actual image height minus the ideal image height, and then divided by the value of the ideal image height.
  • Fig. 6 shows that the light beam passes through the lens 10 and the filter 12 and then converges on an image plane (image sensor).
  • the glass-plastic hybrid lens structure is adopted.
  • the material, shape, thickness, chromatic aberration coefficient and optical power of each component it can not only reduce the dispersion of the lens, but also effectively improve the telephoto lens.
  • the temperature effect of the group enables light of different wavelengths to be focused on an image plane after passing through the lens 10, which improves the imaging performance and at the same time makes the telephoto lens more compact. Only a limited number of components (or lenses) can be used to achieve telephoto, so that the thickness of the module 1 can be less than 68 mm.
  • the off-axis chromatic aberration CA1 of the lens 10 can be less than or equal to 1um
  • the axial chromatic aberration CA2 of the lens 10 can be less than or equal to 10um
  • the temperature drift coefficient ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C can satisfy: -0.5um/°C ⁇ ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C ⁇ 1.5um/°C.
  • the lens includes in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis.
  • the lens 20 includes an aperture stop ST and a first component G1 arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis OA.
  • the second component G2, the third component G3 and the fourth component G4, the first component G1 includes the first lens L1, and the second component G2 includes the doublet formed by the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 Lenses, the third component G3 includes a fourth lens L4, and the fourth component G4 includes a fifth lens L5.
  • the above-mentioned aperture stop ST, the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, the fourth lens L4, and the fifth lens L5 together constitute the lens 20 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the lens 20, the filter 12, and the image sensor 13 arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis constitute the camera module 2.
  • the first group element G1 has a positive refractive power, where the first group element G1 includes a first lens L1, the first lens L1 has a positive refractive power, and the object side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the square side surface S2 is a concave surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S1 and the image side surface S2 are both aspherical.
  • the light beam entering from the aperture stop 10 is focused by the first lens L1, so that the total length of the lens can be shortened, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the lens.
  • Both the object-side surface S1 and the image-side surface S2 are aspherical in order to correct aberrations.
  • the material of the first lens L1 is a resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • the distance from the object side surface S1 of the first group element G1 to the infinity object on the optical axis from the imaging surface (or called the optical length of the lens 20) is TTL, TTL/f ⁇ 1, which is conducive to achieving a shorter TTL .
  • the second component G2 has a positive refractive power, wherein the second component G2 includes a second lens L2 and a third lens L3, and the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are combined into a doublet lens to eliminate chromatic aberration.
  • the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the object-side surface of the second lens L2 and the image-side surface of the third lens L3 are joined to form a joint surface S4.
  • the joint surface S4 is opposite to the first
  • the second lens L2 has a concave surface (that is, the image side surface of the second lens L2 is a concave surface near the optical axis).
  • the cemented surface S4 is convex relative to the third lens L3 (that is, the object side surface of the third lens L3 is convex near the optical axis), and the image side surface S5 of the third lens L3 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the light beam after passing through the second component G2 is further focused, so that the total length of the lens can be shortened, which is beneficial to miniaturization of the lens.
  • the setting of the doublet lens can eliminate chromatic aberration and improve the image quality.
  • the object side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the cemented surface S4, and the image side surface S5 of the third lens L3 are all spherical, which can reduce the difficulty of making doublet lenses, and can also increase the second lens L2 and the third lens L3
  • the accuracy of the joining is beneficial to make the light beams passing through the lens 20 converge on an image plane.
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are both made of glass, and the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 may be made of glass with different refractive indexes to better eliminate chromatic aberration and improve imaging quality.
  • the combined focal length of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is f23, and f23 satisfies: 0 ⁇ f23/f ⁇ 3.
  • the dispersion coefficients (Abbe numbers) of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are respectively V2 and V3, V2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100; V3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100.
  • the chromatic aberration of the lens 20 can be corrected through reasonable power distribution and dispersion coefficient selection.
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 40
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficients of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 can be Effective compensation
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 40
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens The dispersion coefficient of L3 can also be effectively compensated.
  • the chromatic aberration of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 that are mutually compensated are selected to correct the chromatic aberration of the lens 20, so that the axial chromatic aberration CA1 of the lens 20 can be less than or equal to 3um.
  • the third component G3 has negative refractive power
  • the third component G3 includes a fourth lens L4, the fourth lens L4 has negative refractive power
  • the object side surface S6 of the fourth lens L4 has a concave surface near the optical axis.
  • the image side surface S7 is a concave surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S6 and the image side surface S7 are both aspherical.
  • the light beam is diffused by the fourth lens L4, and the relative position between the first component G1, the second component G2, the third component G3 and the fourth component G4 can be adjusted to achieve a high multiple (greater than or equal to 5 times). , It can even reach a telephoto of more than 10 times).
  • Both the object-side surface S6 and the image-side surface S7 are aspherical in order to correct aberrations.
  • the material of the fourth lens L4 is resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • the fourth component G4 has a positive refractive power
  • the fourth component G4 includes a fifth lens L5
  • the fifth lens L5 has a positive refractive power
  • the object side surface S8 of the fifth lens L5 is a concave surface near the optical axis.
  • the square side surface S9 is a convex surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S8 and the image side surface S9 are both aspherical.
  • the fifth lens L5 has a positive refractive power, which is beneficial for ensuring the final focusing function, correcting astigmatism, and controlling the incident angle of the chief ray to the image sensor.
  • Both the object-side surface S8 and the image-side surface S9 are aspherical surfaces to facilitate correction of aberrations, and at the same time, it is beneficial to correct the peripheral aberrations of the image and improve the imaging quality of the lens.
  • the material of the fifth lens L5 is resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • Z is the vector height parallel to the z-axis; r is the vertical distance between the point on the aspherical curve and the optical axis; c is the curvature at the vertex where the aspherical surface intersects the optical axis; k is the cone coefficient; Ai is the i-th Order aspheric coefficients; n is the total number of polynomial coefficients in the series.
  • each surface corresponds to a surface interval
  • the surface interval value refers to the distance between the surface and the adjacent surface in the image side at the optical axis.
  • the surface interval of the diaphragm ST is -0.400mm, which means: the distance between the diaphragm ST and the optical axis of the object side surface S1 is -0.400mm, and the minus sign "-" indicates that the diaphragm ST is compared to the object side surface S1 optical axis is closer to the image side;
  • the surface spacing of the object side surface S1 is 0.787mm, which means: the distance between the object side surface S1 optical axis and the object side surface S2 optical axis is 0.787mm, the object side
  • the optical axis of the surface S1 is closer to the object side than the optical axis of the surface S2 on the object side;
  • Tables 5 and 6 further provide the conic constant K and aspheric coefficients corresponding to the respective lens surfaces of the lens in this specific embodiment (in one embodiment, there are a total of third-order aspheric coefficients).
  • ImgH is the maximum image height of the lens
  • TTL is the distance from the surface of the first lens facing the object to the image plane on the optical axis
  • f1 is the focal length of the first lens
  • f2 is the The focal length of the second lens
  • f3 is the focal length of the third lens
  • f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens
  • f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens.
  • Figures 8 to 11 are respectively the simulation results of spherical aberration, field curves, distortion and off-axis chromatic aberration according to the embodiment of the application. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the Under the premise of satisfying small size and high magnification telephoto, the axial chromatic aberration (longitudinal spherical aberration) of the lens 20 is less than 16um, and the off-axis chromatic aberration is less than 1um. The value of distortion is better, and it can ensure high-definition imaging in telephoto scene Demand.
  • Fig. 8 several curves respectively represent the spherical aberration produced by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens, and the ordinate is the distance.
  • the value of light of each wavelength is The distance between the cursor and the optical axis, the abscissa is spherical aberration (chromatic spherical aberration), as can be seen from the figure, the spherical aberration produced by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens is less than 16um.
  • Figure 9 is the astigmatic field curve.
  • the curves respectively represent the field curvature generated by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens.
  • the abscissa is the field of view
  • the ordinate is the image height, that is, the light of each wavelength enters the lens along different field of view positions. Later, the different image heights are produced.
  • Figure 10 is the distortion curve.
  • Several curves represent the distortion produced by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens.
  • the ordinate is the field of view
  • the abscissa is the value of the distortion.
  • the value of the distortion is the value of light of each wavelength after passing through the lens. , The actual image height minus the ideal image height, and then divided by the value of the ideal image height.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates that the light beams are converged on an image plane (image sensor) after passing through the lens 20 and the filter 12.
  • the glass-plastic hybrid lens structure is adopted.
  • the material, shape, thickness, chromatic aberration coefficient and optical power of each component it can not only reduce the dispersion of the lens, but also effectively improve the telephoto lens.
  • the temperature effect of the group enables light of different wavelengths to be focused on an image plane after passing through the lens 20, which improves the imaging performance and at the same time makes the telephoto lens more compact. Only a limited number of components (or lenses) can be used to achieve telephoto, so that the thickness of the module 2 can be less than 68 mm.
  • the off-axis chromatic aberration CA1 of the lens 20 can be less than or equal to 1um
  • the axial chromatic aberration CA2 of the lens 20 can be less than or equal to 3um
  • the temperature drift coefficient ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C can satisfy: -0.5um/°C ⁇ ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C ⁇ 1.5um/°C.
  • the lens includes sequentially from the object side to the image side along the optical axis.
  • the lens 30 includes an aperture stop ST and a first component G1 sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side along the optical axis OA.
  • the above-mentioned aperture stop ST, the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, the fourth lens L4, and the fifth lens L5 together constitute the lens 30 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the lens 30, the filter 12, and the image sensor 13 arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis constitute the camera module 3.
  • the first group element G1 has a positive refractive power, where the first group element G1 includes a first lens L1, the first lens L1 has a positive refractive power, and the object side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the square side surface S2 is a concave surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S1 and the image side surface S2 are both aspherical.
  • the light beam entering from the aperture stop 10 is focused by the first lens L1, so that the total length of the lens can be shortened, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the lens.
  • Both the object-side surface S1 and the image-side surface S2 are aspherical in order to correct aberrations.
  • the material of the first lens L1 is a resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • the distance from the object side surface S1 of the first group element G1 to the infinity object on the optical axis from the imaging surface (or called the optical length of the lens 30) is TTL, TTL/f ⁇ 0.95, which is conducive to achieving a shorter TTL .
  • the second component G2 has a positive refractive power, wherein the second component G2 includes a second lens L2 and a third lens L3, and the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are combined into a doublet lens to eliminate chromatic aberration.
  • the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the object-side surface of the second lens L2 and the image-side surface of the third lens L3 are joined to form a joint surface S4.
  • the joint surface S4 is opposite to the first
  • the second lens L2 has a concave surface (that is, the image side surface of the second lens L2 is a concave surface near the optical axis).
  • the cemented surface S4 is convex relative to the third lens L3 (that is, the object side surface of the third lens L3 is convex near the optical axis), and the image side surface S5 of the third lens L3 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the light beam after passing through the second component G2 is further focused, so that the total length of the lens can be shortened, which is beneficial to miniaturization of the lens.
  • the setting of the doublet lens can eliminate chromatic aberration and improve the image quality.
  • the object side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the cemented surface S4, and the image side surface S5 of the third lens L3 are all spherical, which can reduce the difficulty of manufacturing the doublet lens, and can also increase the second lens L2 and the third lens L3
  • the accuracy of the joining is beneficial to make the light beams passing through the lens 30 converge on an image plane.
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are made of glass, and the refractive index temperature coefficient of glass is smaller than that of plastic (the refractive index temperature coefficient of plastic is about 10-100 times that of glass), so the use of glass lens can achieve temperature Effective compensation of effects.
  • the dispersion of the lens made of glass material is relatively low, which is beneficial to reduce the dispersion.
  • the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the relative refractive index of the glass satisfies: -9 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 9 ⁇ 10 -5 .
  • the material of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 may be glass with different refractive indexes to better eliminate chromatic aberration and improve imaging quality.
  • the combined focal length of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is f23, and f23 satisfies: 0 ⁇ f23/f ⁇ 3.
  • the dispersion coefficients (Abbe numbers) of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are respectively V2 and V3, V2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100; V3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100.
  • the chromatic aberration of the lens 30 can be corrected through reasonable power distribution and dispersion coefficient selection.
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 40
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficients of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 can be Effective compensation
  • the dispersion coefficient V2 of the second lens L2 satisfies: 40 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100
  • the dispersion coefficient V3 of the third lens L3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 40
  • the second lens L2 and the third lens The dispersion coefficient of L3 can also be effectively compensated.
  • the chromatic aberration of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 that are mutually compensated are selected to correct the chromatic aberration of the lens 30, so that the axial chromatic aberration CA1 of the lens 30 can be less than or equal to 7um.
  • the third component G3 has negative refractive power
  • the third component G3 includes a fourth lens L4, the fourth lens L4 has negative refractive power
  • the object side surface S6 of the fourth lens L4 is convex near the optical axis.
  • the image side surface S7 is a concave surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S6 and the image side surface S7 are both aspherical.
  • the light beam is diffused by the fourth lens L4, and the relative position between the first component G1, the second component G2, the third component G3 and the fourth component G4 can be adjusted to achieve a high multiple (greater than or equal to 5 times). , It can even reach a telephoto of more than 10 times).
  • Both the object-side surface S6 and the image-side surface S7 are aspherical in order to correct aberrations.
  • the material of the fourth lens L4 is resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • the fourth component G4 has a positive refractive power
  • the fourth component G4 includes a fifth lens L5
  • the fifth lens L5 has a positive refractive power
  • the object side surface S8 of the fifth lens L5 is a concave surface near the optical axis.
  • the square side surface S9 is a convex surface near the optical axis, and the object side surface S8 and the image side surface S9 are both aspherical.
  • the fifth lens L5 has a positive refractive power, which is beneficial for ensuring the final focusing function, correcting astigmatism, and controlling the incident angle of the chief ray to the image sensor.
  • Both the object-side surface S8 and the image-side surface S9 are aspherical surfaces to facilitate correction of aberrations, and at the same time, it is beneficial to correct the peripheral aberrations of the image and improve the imaging quality of the lens.
  • the material of the fifth lens L5 is resin material, which is beneficial to cost saving.
  • Z is the vector height parallel to the z-axis; r is the vertical distance between the point on the aspherical curve and the optical axis; c is the curvature at the vertex where the aspherical surface intersects the optical axis; k is the cone coefficient; Ai is the i-th Order aspheric coefficients; n is the total number of polynomial coefficients in the series.
  • each surface corresponds to a surface interval
  • the surface interval value refers to the distance between the surface and the adjacent surface in the image side at the optical axis.
  • the surface interval of the diaphragm ST is -0.400mm, which means: the distance between the diaphragm ST and the optical axis of the object side surface S1 is -0.400mm, and the minus sign "-" indicates that the diaphragm ST is compared to the object side surface
  • the S1 optical axis is closer to the image side
  • the surface spacing of the object side surface S1 is 0.500mm, which means: the distance between the object side surface S1 optical axis and the object side surface S2 optical axis is 0.500mm, the object side
  • the optical axis of the surface S1 is closer to the object side than the optical axis of the surface S2 on the object side;
  • Tables 8 and 9 further provide the conic constant K and aspheric coefficients corresponding to each lens surface of the lens in this specific embodiment (in one embodiment, there are a total of 3 order aspheric coefficients).
  • ImgH is the maximum image height of the lens
  • TTL is the distance from the surface of the first lens facing the object to the image surface on the optical axis
  • f1 is the focal length of the first lens
  • f2 is the distance The focal length of the second lens
  • f3 is the focal length of the third lens
  • f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens
  • f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens.
  • Figures 14 to 17 are respectively the simulation results of spherical aberration, field curves, distortion and off-axis chromatic aberration according to the embodiment of the application. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the Under the premise of small size and telephoto, the axial chromatic aberration (longitudinal spherical aberration) of the lens 30 is less than 20um, and the off-axis chromatic aberration is less than 1um. The value of distortion is better. It can also guarantee high-definition imaging in telephoto scenes. need.
  • Fig. 14 several curves respectively represent the spherical aberration produced by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens, and the ordinate is the distance.
  • the amount of light of each wavelength is The distance between the cursor and the optical axis, the abscissa is the spherical aberration (chromatic spherical aberration), as can be seen from the figure, the spherical aberration produced by the light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens is less than 20um.
  • Figure 15 is the astigmatic field curve.
  • the curves represent the field curvature generated by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens.
  • the abscissa is the field of view
  • the ordinate is the image height, that is, the light of each wavelength enters the lens along different field of view positions. Later, the different image heights are produced.
  • Figure 16 is the distortion curve.
  • Several curves represent the distortion produced by light of different wavelengths after passing through the lens.
  • the ordinate is the field of view
  • the abscissa is the value of the distortion.
  • the value of the distortion is the value of light of each wavelength after passing through the lens. , The actual image height minus the ideal image height, and then divided by the value of the ideal image height.
  • FIG. 18 shows that the light beam passes through the lens 30 and the filter 12 and then converges on an image plane S11.
  • the glass-plastic hybrid lens structure is adopted.
  • the material, shape, thickness, chromatic aberration coefficient and optical power of each component it can not only reduce the dispersion of the lens, but also effectively improve the telephoto lens.
  • the temperature effect of the group enables light of different wavelengths to be focused on an image plane after passing through the lens 30, which improves the imaging performance and at the same time makes the telephoto lens more compact. Only a limited number of components (or lenses) can be used to achieve telephoto, so that the thickness of the module 3 can be less than 68 mm.
  • the off-axis chromatic aberration CA1 of the lens 30 can be less than or equal to 1um
  • the axial chromatic aberration CA2 of the lens 30 can be less than or equal to 7um
  • the temperature drift coefficient ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C can satisfy: -0.5um/°C ⁇ ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C ⁇ 1.5um/°C.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present application provides a camera module, and the camera module includes the lens provided in any one of the first to third embodiments.
  • the camera module may be a camera module, an infrared camera module and other devices. By setting the lens in the camera module, the lens length of the camera module can be shortened. Under the premise of ensuring the thickness of the camera module is thinner, the camera with telephoto, small size, temperature insensitivity and high image quality can be realized. Module.
  • the camera module may also include a filter and an image sensor, which are arranged on the side of the lens facing the image side, and the image sensor is located on the image side of the lens.
  • the filter may be an infrared filter, and the infrared filter is used to cut off and filter the infrared light.
  • the fifth embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, and the terminal device includes the camera module provided in the fourth embodiment.
  • the terminal device includes the camera module provided in the fourth embodiment.
  • the sixth embodiment of the present application provides a mobile phone, which includes the camera module provided in the fourth embodiment.
  • the mobile phone 100 may include a housing 100A, and the housing 100A may include a front cover 101, a back cover 103, and a frame 102.
  • the front cover 101 and the back cover 103 are disposed oppositely, and the frame 102 surrounds the front cover 101. And the back cover 103, and connect the front cover 101 and the back cover 102 together.
  • the front cover 101 may be a glass cover, and the display 194 is disposed under the front cover 101.
  • the mobile phone 100 may be provided with input/output parts around the outer periphery of the housing 100A.
  • a front camera a lens located on the side where the display is located
  • a receiver 106 may be provided on the top of the front cover 101.
  • a button 190 can be provided on one edge of the frame 102, and a microphone, a speaker 108, and a USB interface 109 can be provided on the bottom edge of the frame 101.
  • At least one rear camera (a lens located on the side facing away from the display) 105B may be provided on the top of the rear cover 102, for example.
  • the lens length of the camera module can be shortened, and the telephoto, small size, temperature insensitivity and image quality can be achieved under the premise of ensuring the thickness of the camera module is thinner.
  • the front camera 105A of the mobile phone 100 may be disposed under the display 194, that is, the front camera 105A is an under-screen camera.
  • both the front cover 101 and the back cover 103 of the mobile phone 100 are provided with a display 194.
  • the structure of the lens is not limited to the content disclosed in the above embodiments.
  • the material of any one or more of the first lens, the fourth lens and the fifth lens Is glass, and one or both of the second lens and the third lens are plastic; in some embodiments, the object side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the joint surface S4 of the second lens L2 and the third lens L3, Any one or more of the image-side surface S5 of the third lens L3 is aspherical, and/or, the object-side surface S1 of the first lens L1, the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1, and the fourth lens Any one or more of the object-side surface S6 of L4, the image-side surface S7 of the fourth lens L4, the object-side surface S8 of the fifth lens L5, and the image-side surface S9 of the fifth lens L5 are spherical surfaces; In some embodiments, the shape of any one side surface of the first lens to the fifth lens is not limited to the conca
  • a telephoto lens can be obtained, which is beneficial to improve the imaging quality of the lens under a compact system, and achieve telephoto and small chromatic aberration.
  • Small temperature drift, small size imaging effect, recording video, photo preview and other scenes do not need algorithms for temperature drift correction, and can be used for terminal equipment, shooting and recording images, such as mobile phones, tablets, monitors and other portable electronic products The scenes where the lens shoots external videos and photos, including various shooting application scenarios under different large fields of view.
  • Embodiment 1 A lens comprising a first component, a second component, a third component, and a fourth component that are sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side along the optical axis;
  • the first component has a positive optical power
  • the second component has a positive refractive power
  • the second component includes a second lens and a third lens arranged in order from the object side to the image side along the optical axis, and the second lens and the third lens are combined into a double lens.
  • the third component has a negative optical power
  • the optical length of the lens is TTL, the effective focal length of the lens is f, and TTL and f satisfy:
  • Embodiment 2 In the lens according to embodiment 1, the dispersion coefficients of the second lens and the third lens are V2 and V3, respectively, and V2 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100; V3 satisfies: 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100.
  • Embodiment 3 According to the lens of embodiment 2, V2 and V3 satisfy: 15 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 40, and 40 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 100; or,
  • V2 and V3 satisfy: 40 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 100, and 15 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 40.
  • Embodiment 4 The lens according to embodiment 1, the fourth component is a fifth lens, the object side surface of the fifth lens has a radius of curvature of R51, and the image side surface of the fifth lens
  • the radius of curvature is R52, R51 and R52 satisfy:
  • Embodiment 5 In the lens according to embodiment 1, the combined focal length of the second lens and the third lens is f23, and f23 satisfies:
  • Embodiment 6 The lens according to embodiment 1, the distance between the center position of the third component on the image side surface and the center position of the fourth component on the object side surface is SP4, and the first component The distance from the center position of the object side surface of the fourth component to the center position of the image side surface of the fourth component is LT, and SP4 and LT satisfy:
  • Embodiment 7 The lens according to embodiment 1, the off-axis chromatic aberration of the lens CA1, the axial chromatic aberration of the lens is CA2, and CA1 satisfies: CA1 ⁇ 1um; CA2 satisfies: CA2 ⁇ 10um.
  • Embodiment 8 The lens according to embodiment 1, wherein the length of the lens is L_1, the length from the center of gravity of the lens to the vertex position of the image side surface of the first component is L_2, and L_1 and L_2 satisfy:
  • Embodiment 9 The lens according to embodiment 1, wherein the first component is a first lens, the third component is a fourth lens, the fourth component is a fifth lens, and the first The material of at least one lens among the lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens is glass, and the relative refractive index temperature coefficient of the at least one lens is ⁇ , and ⁇ satisfies:
  • Embodiment 10 The lens according to embodiment 9, wherein the material of the second lens and the third lens is glass.
  • Embodiment 11 The lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the joint surface of the second lens and the third lens is a spherical surface, and the radius of curvature of the joint surface is R23, and R23 satisfies:
  • Embodiment 12 The lens according to embodiment 1, wherein the temperature drift coefficient of the lens is ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C, and ⁇ f/ ⁇ °C satisfies:
  • Embodiment 13 The lens according to embodiment 1, the lens further comprising a diaphragm, the diaphragm is located on the side of the first component facing the image side; or, the diaphragm is located on the first component.
  • the component faces the side of the object.
  • Embodiment 14 The lens according to embodiment 1, wherein the object side surface of the first lens is a convex surface near the optical axis.
  • a camera module includes an image sensor, characterized in that the camera module further includes the lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, the image sensor is located on the image side of the lens .
  • Embodiment 16 In the lens according to embodiment 15, an infrared filter is provided on the side of the fourth component facing the image side.
  • Embodiment 17 A terminal device, characterized by comprising the camera module according to embodiment 15 or 16.
  • a mobile phone including:
  • At least one lens is located on the side where the display is located, or/and at least one lens is located on the side facing away from the display.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种镜头、摄像模组以及终端设备，该镜头包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第一组元、第二组元、第三组元和第四组元，其中，第二组元包括由第二透镜和第三透镜胶合而成的双合透镜，通过对各个组元中透镜的光焦度与双合透镜进行搭配设计，能够实现能够实现长焦镜头紧凑、消色差的高品质长焦镜头的设计。通过将该镜头应用至取像装置和终端设备中，增强取像装置和终端设备的功能，且不会增加取像装置和终端设备的厚度，调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)和焦距对温度不敏感，提高用户体验。本方案适用于智能家居、智能车载设备、智能可穿戴设备、智能手机、人工智能领域设备等。

Description

镜头、摄像模组及终端设备
本申请要求在2020年1月22日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010076737.7的中国专利申请的优先权，发明名称为“镜头、摄像模组及终端设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光学成像技术领域，特别涉及镜头、摄像模组及终端设备。
背景技术
近年来，随着终端设备技术的发展，拍摄功能已经成为很多智能终端设备(如智能手机)的必备功能，镜头成为终端设备中必备组件之一。在多摄的组合式变焦系统中，长焦镜头组设计是不可或缺的一部分。现有的多摄的组合式变焦系统中，长焦镜头的温度效应(或称为温漂现象)和色差较严重，并且，调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function，MTF)的品质也收到影响。
因此，亟需一种高成像质量的长焦镜头来满足市场的需求。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种镜头、摄像模组及终端设备，以解决现有技术。
为了达到上述目的，本申请实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种镜头，包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第一组元、第二组元、第三组元和第四组元；该第一组元具有正光焦度；该第二组元具有正光焦度，该第二组元包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第二透镜和第三透镜，该第二透镜和第三透镜接合为双合透镜；该第三组元具有负光焦度；该镜头的光学长度为TTL，该镜头的有效焦距为f，TTL和f满足：TTL/f≤1。该镜头利用各透镜的光焦度和双合透镜相互配合，通过TTL和f的合理限制，可以减少镜头的总长度(或镜头本身的筒长)，最大化后焦长度，同时保证镜头的小型化、长焦距，并且可以实现消色差的效果。只需要四个组元就可以实现5倍以上的长焦，使得摄像模组的厚度可以更小。
示例性的，该第二透镜和第三透镜的色散系数分别为V2和V3，V2满足：15≤V2≤100；V3满足：15≤V3≤100。通过色散系数V2和V3的合理限制，并搭配合理的光焦度分配，可以有效地进行色差矫正。
示例性的，该第四组元为第五透镜，该第五透镜的物方侧表面的曲率半径为R51，该第五透镜的像方侧表面的曲率半径为R52，R51和R52满足：|f/R51|+|f/R52|≤8。通过f、R51和R52的合理限制，能够将第五透镜的两个侧表面的曲率半径调整至合理数值，以矫正轴外像差及综合像差，并保证镜头整体的组装工艺性。
示例性的，该第二透镜和第三透镜的组合焦距为f23，f23满足：0≤f23/f≤3。通过f和f23的合理限制，并搭配合理的光焦度、色散系数、折射率温度系数的分配，可以有效地进行色差矫正，并可以减小温度效应。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种摄像模组，包括图像传感器，该摄像模组还包括第一方面中的镜头，该图像传感器位于该镜头的像方。通过在摄像模组中设置该镜头，可以缩短摄像模组的镜头长度，在保证摄像模组的厚度较薄的前提下，可以实现长焦、小尺寸、对温度不敏感、成像质量高的摄像模组。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种终端设备，包括第二方面中的摄像模组。通过在终端设备中设置具有该镜头的摄像模组，可实现更高的焦距倍数(特别是5倍以上长焦)下的各种拍摄应用场景，提高了拍摄的质量，并可以有效地降低终端设备的厚度，增强了终端设备的功能，提高了用户体验。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种手机，包括：壳体、显示器、扩音器、麦克风以及一个或多个第二方面中的摄像模组，至少一个该镜头位于该显示器所在的面，或/和，至少一个该镜头位于背对该显示器的面。通过在手机中设置具有该镜头的摄像模组，可实现更高的焦距倍数(特别是5倍以上长焦)下的各种拍摄应用场景，提高了拍摄的质量，并可以有效地降低手机的厚度，增强了终端设备的功能，提高了用户体验。本方案适用于智能家居、智能车载设备、智能可穿戴设备、智能手机、人工智能领域设备等。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例一的镜头的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例一提供的镜头的球面像差仿真示意图；
图3为本申请实施例一提供的镜头的场曲仿真示意图；
图4为本申请实施例一提供的镜头的畸变仿真示意图；
图5为本申请实施例一提供的镜头的轴外色差示意图；
图6为本申请实施例一提供的光束经过镜头后在图像传感器上汇聚的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例二的镜头的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例二提供的镜头的球面像差仿真示意图；
图9为本申请实施例二提供的镜头的场曲仿真示意图；
图10为本申请实施例二提供的镜头的畸变仿真示意图；
图11为本申请实施例二提供的镜头的轴外色差示意图；
图12为本申请实施例二提供的光束经过镜头后在图像传感器上汇聚的示意图；
图13为本申请实施例三的镜头的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例三提供的镜头的球面像差仿真示意图；
图15为本申请实施例三提供的镜头的场曲仿真示意图；
图16为本申请实施例三提供的镜头的畸变仿真示意图；
图17为本申请实施例三提供的镜头的轴外色差示意图；
图18为本申请实施例三提供的光束经过镜头后在图像传感器上汇聚的示意图；
图19A和图19B为本申请实施例八提供的手机的示意图。
附图标记：
OA-光轴；
ST-光阑；
G1-第一组元；
G2-第二组元；
G3-第三组元；
G4-第四组元；
L1-第一透镜；
L2-第二透镜；
L3-第三透镜；
L4-第四透镜；
L5-第五透镜；
12-滤光片(可以是红外滤光片)；
13-图像传感器；
S1-第一透镜L1的物方侧表面，即第一透镜朝向物方的面；
S2-第一透镜L1的像方侧表面，即第一透镜朝向像方的面；
S3-第二透镜L2的物方侧表面，即第二透镜朝向物方的面；
S4-第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的接合面；
S5-第三透镜L3的像方侧表面，即第三透镜朝向像方的面；
S6-第四透镜L4的物方侧表面，即第四透镜朝向物方的面；
S7-第四透镜L4的像方侧表面，即第四透镜朝向像方的面；
S8-第五透镜L5的物方侧表面，即第五透镜朝向物方的面；
S9-第五透镜L5的像方侧表面，即第五透镜朝向像方的面；
S10-滤光片12的物方侧表面，即滤光片朝向物方的面；
S11-滤光片12的像方侧表面，即滤光片朝向像方的面；
S12-像面，即图像传感器所在的面。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。
应当明确，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下 所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
需要注意的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
终端设备的镜头采用4片～7片透镜结构设计，可实现长焦。随着镜头设计的焦距加大，温度效应越来越明显，严重影响用户的体验。
一种方案为，在终端设备进行温度补偿，监控镜头组的环境温度，计算音圈马达(voice coil motor，简称VCM，音圈马达可以调节透镜的位置以改变焦距)的步进量，推动透镜进行对焦。这样的方案要求音圈马达VCM具有更大行程(Stroke)，增加音圈马达VCM的功耗和设计难度，且容易进入音圈马达的非线性区。另外，温度补偿的方法需要增加图像信号处理器(Image Signal Processor，ISP)的算力，终端设备的温度补偿的算法精度有限，难以根据复杂的温度场景进行实时补偿。此外，长焦镜头的色差较严重，影响摄像模组的成像效果。
随着镜头组焦距的增长，温度效应更加明显，且对色差的要求更为严苛。因此，在满足长焦的需求下，同时解决温度效应和色差的问题，已经成为业界公认的难题。
为解决上述难题，本申请实施例提供一种镜头、摄像模组和电子设备，下面结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行描述。
本申请实施例涉及镜头、摄像模组和电子设备，该镜头为用于日常使用电子设备的长焦镜头，例如，等效焦距比大于等于5倍，等效焦距大于等于125mm。等效焦距(Equivalent Focal Length，EFL)指不同画幅的镜头焦距等效为35mm全画幅镜头时的焦距，是等比例的关系。等效焦距＝43.3*实际焦距/图像传感器靶面对角线长度。该电子设备可以是手机、笔记本电脑、台式电脑、平板电脑、个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、可穿戴设备、增强现实(Augmented Reality，AR)设备、虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)设备、监控设备、车载设备、智能家居等电子设备。
以下对上述实施例涉及到的概念进行简单说明：
镜头：是利用透镜的折射原理，使景物光线通过镜头，在聚焦平面上形成清晰的影像的部件。
像差：是指镜头中，由非近轴光线追迹所得的结果和近轴光线追迹所得的结果不一致，与高斯光学(一级近似理论或近轴光线)的理想状况的偏差。像差又分为两大类：色差与单色像差。色差是由于透镜材质的折射率是波长的函数， 不同波长的光通过透镜时因折射率不同而产生色散现象，光的折射率随着波长的增加而减小的色散可称为正常色散，而折射率随波长的增加而增加的色散可称为负色散(或称反常色散)。单色像差是指即使在高度单色光时也会产生的像差，按产生的效果，单色像差又分成“使成像模糊”和“使成像变形”两类。前一类有球面像差、像散等，后一类有像场弯曲、畸变等。色差包括轴向色差和轴外色差。轴向色差指的是沿着光轴的方向，因为透镜对不同波长的光折射率不同，所以不同颜色的光的焦点不同。
光焦度：光焦度等于像方光束会聚度与物方光束会聚度之差，它表征镜头偏折光线的能力。如果光焦度为正，则该透镜具有汇聚作用，如果光焦度为负，则该透镜具有发散作用。
焦距：镜头的主平面至对应的焦点的距离。
孔径光阑：入射孔径角最小的光阑，称为孔径光阑。
物方：透镜上最靠近实物体的一侧为物方。
像方：透镜上最靠近成像方的一侧为像方。
温度效应：又称温漂现象，就是指透镜表面形状及尺寸和折射率随着温度的升高而发生改变。其中，镜头组的焦距和后截距随温度发生变化，称为温度效应。
如图1，现对本申请实施例提供的镜头进行说明，图1为镜头在光轴方向的剖面图，在图1中，为清楚显示，物面并示出。该镜头设置于图像传感器与物面之间，以形成实物体的像并反映到图像传感器上，故可将实物体所在一侧称为物方，图像传感器所在一侧称为像方，图像传感器所在的面可称为像面。镜头10与滤光片12、图像传感器13共同形成摄像模组1。该镜头10包括沿光轴OA从物方到像方依次设置的光阑(或者称为孔径光阑)ST、第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4，第一组元G1具有正光焦度，所述第二组元G2具有正光焦度，所述第二组元G2包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3接合为双合透镜，所述第三组元具有负光焦度。通过对所述第一组元G1至第四组元G4的光焦度、双合透镜进行搭配设计，能够实现能够实现长焦镜头紧凑、消色差的高品质长焦镜头的设计。
具体的，第一组元G1具有正光焦度，通过对光束进行聚焦，折转大角度光线，可缩短镜头10的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。在具体的实施例中，第一组元G1两侧面形方向一致(例如，当第一组元G1的物方侧表面S1近光轴处为凸面，第一组元G1的像方侧表面S2近光轴处为凹面；当第一组元G1的物方侧表面S1近光轴处为凹面，第一组元G1的像方侧表面S2近光轴处为凸面)，各视场角度分散小，便于优化镜头的像差。
第二组元G2具有正光焦度，通过对第一组元G1聚焦后的光束进行进一步的聚焦，可进一步缩短镜头10的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。第二组元G2包括第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3接合为双合透镜。 所述第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3可以分别采用折射率和色散系数都不同的材质制成，以消除色差，提高成像品质。在一些实施例中，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3可以通过胶黏剂相结合，该胶黏剂可以为加拿大冷杉香脂或环氧等材质。此外，在另一些实施例中，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3也可以不使用胶黏剂相结合，而依靠外部的固定物使第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3结合在一起。
所述第三组元具有负光焦度，以对光束进行扩散，有利于实现高倍长焦，并利于平衡不同口径处的光学像差。
该镜头10的有效焦距为f，第一组元G1的物方侧表面S1至无穷远物体距离成像面于光轴上的距离(或称为镜头10的光学长度)为TTL(Through the Lens)，TTL和f满足：TTL/f≤1，通过TTL/f≤1的合理限制，从而在保证长焦的前提下，缩小整个镜头10的尺寸。如果TTL/f≤1的值过大，则摄像模组的总体尺寸太大。
在本申请实施例中镜头10中，利用各透镜的光焦度和双合透镜相互配合，可以减少镜头的总长度(或镜头本身的筒长)，最大化后焦长度，同时保证镜头的小型化、长焦距，并且可以实现消色差的效果。只需要四个组元就可以实现5倍以上的长焦，使得摄像模组1的厚度可以更小。
具体实施例中，第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1近光轴处为凸面，并配合第一组元G1的正光焦度，可以更好地对光束进行聚焦，可缩短镜头10的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。
具体实施例中，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数(阿贝数)分别为V2和V3，V2满足：15≤V2≤100；V3满足：15≤V3≤100。通过色散系数V2和V3的合理限制，并搭配合理的光焦度分配，可以有效地进行色差矫正。在一些实施例中，对第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数进行补偿设计，以更好地降低镜头的综合色差，达到更好地成像效果。例如，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：15≤V2≤40，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：40≤V3≤100，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数可以进行有效地补偿；或者，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：40≤V2≤100，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：15≤V3≤40，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数也可以进行有效地补偿。
需要说明的是，色散系数就是用以表示透明介质色散能力的指数。一般来说，介质的折射率越大，色散越严重，色散系数越小；反之，介质的折射率越小，色散越轻微，色散系数越大。色散系数的计算公式为V＝(n-1)/(nf-nc)，其中n指587nm波长的光的折射率，nf指f光(486nm波长)的折射率，nc指c光(656nm波长)的折射率。
具体实施例中，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的组合焦距为f23，f23满足：0≤f23/f≤3。通过f和f23的合理限制，并搭配合理的光焦度、色散系数、折射率温度系数的分配，可以有效地进行色差矫正，并可以减小温度效应。如果f23/f过大，则色差矫正能力较差，且不利于减小温度效应。
具体实施例中，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的接合面S4为球面，可以有效地进行色差矫正，并降低双合透镜的制造难度。接合面S4的曲率半径为R23，R23满足：0mm≤R23≤10mm。通过R23的合理限制，能够将接合面S4的曲率半径为R23调整至合理数值，以进行色差矫正，并降低双合透镜的制造难度。
具体实施例中，所述第四组元G4为第五透镜L5，所述第五透镜L5的物方侧表面S8的曲率半径为R51，所述第五透镜L5的像方侧表面S9的曲率半径为R52，R51和R52满足：|f/R51|+|f/R52|≤8。通过f、R51和R52的合理限制，能够将第五透镜L5的两个侧表面的曲率半径调整至合理数值，以矫正轴外像差及综合像差，并保证镜头10整体的组装工艺性。如果|f/R51|+|f/R52|过大，则矫正轴外像差及综合像差的能力较差。
具体实施例中，如图1所示，第三组元G3的像方侧表面中心位置到和第四组元G4的物方侧表面中心位置的间距为SP4，所述第一组元G1的物方侧表面中心位置到所述第四组元G4的像方侧表面中心位置的间距为LT，SP4和LT满足：SP4/LT≤0.3。通过SP4和LT的合理限制，能够将第五透镜L5的两个侧表面的曲率半径调整至合理数值，以矫正轴外像差及综合像差，并保证镜头10整体的组装工艺性。如果|f/R51|+|f/R52|过大，则矫正轴外像差及综合像差的能力较差。例如，在图1中，当所述第一组元G1为第一透镜L1，第三组元G3为第四透镜L4，第四组元G4为第五透镜L5时，SP4为第四透镜L4的像方侧表面S7中心位置到第五透镜L5的物方侧表面S8中心位置的间距，LT为第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1中心位置到第五透镜L5的像方侧表面S9中心位置的间距。
具体实施例中，镜头10的长度为L_1，镜头10的重心P到第一组元G1的像方侧表面顶点位置的长度为L_2，L_1和L_2满足：0.4×L_1≤L_2≤0.6×L_1。通过L_1和L_2的合理限制，可以使得所述镜头10的重心P在所述镜头10的长度的中心附近，可以避免马达倾斜，有效地防抖，并可以优化像差。可以合理的分配各个组元的材质、厚度，使得所述镜头10的重心P分布在合理的位置。例如，当第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3为玻璃材质时，第一组元G1、第三组元G3和第四组元G4的材质为塑胶(或树脂)时，由于玻璃的密度大于塑胶的密度，可以适当地增加第四组元G4的厚度，以防止所述镜头10的重心P过于靠前(面向物方的方向为前方)。在图1中，当所述第一组元G1为第一透镜L1，第三组元G3为第四透镜L4，第四组元G4为第五透镜L5时，且第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1为凸面，第一组元G1的物方侧表面顶点位置为物方侧表面S1的中心位置。第五透镜L5的像方侧表面S9为凸面，第四组元G4的像方侧表面顶点位置为像方侧表面S9的中心位置。则所述镜头10的长度为L_1与LT指示同一长度。如果第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1为凹面，第一组元G1的物方侧表面顶点位置为物方侧表面S1的边缘位置。第五透镜L5的像方侧表面S9为凹面，第四组元G4的像方侧表面顶点位置为像方侧表面S9的边缘位置。
具体实施例中，当所述第一组元G1为第一透镜L1，第三组元G3为第四透镜L4，第四组元G4为第五透镜L5时，第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜 L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5中的至少一片为玻璃材质，玻璃的折射率温度系数比塑胶小(塑胶的折射率温度系数约为玻璃的10～100倍)，因此使用玻璃材质的透镜可实现对温度效应的有效补偿。此外采用玻璃材质制成的透镜的色散都比较低，有利于减小色散。相对折射率温度系数β(还可以表示为(dn/dt)rel)表示：材质在空气等介质中的折射率随温度变化系数。在一个实施例中，玻璃相对折射率温度系数β满足：-9×10 -5≤β≤9×10 -5。通过折射率温度系数β的合理限制，并配合光焦度的分配，可有效的消除模组1中的温度效应。需要说明的是，在具体实现中，镜头其他的透镜均可由塑胶等树脂材质构成，塑胶材质成本低，且便于加工，降低了整个镜头的材质成本及加工成本。玻璃、树脂混合搭配的镜头，可以具有玻璃材质折射率对温度系数不敏感的特点，并可以有效降低整个镜头的材质成本及加工成本。在一些实施例中，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的材质为玻璃，即双合透镜的两个透镜均为玻璃，通过配合第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数，可以在补偿温度效应的同时，更好地削弱色差。
具体实施例中，镜头10还包括孔径光阑ST，孔径光阑ST可以为渐晕光阑。通过孔径光阑ST限定物方的射入光束的宽度，从而对镜头10的成像范围进行限定，有利于减小透镜10的外径。在图1中，孔径光阑ST位于第一组元G1朝向像方的一侧，在其它实施例中，孔径光阑ST还可以位于第一组元G1朝向物方的一侧。
在该镜头10中，第一透镜L1至第五透镜L5的表面中至少一部分为非球面，以便于校正像差，同时利于修整影像周边像差，提高镜头的成像品质。
上述各透镜的非球面曲线方程式表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000001
其中，Z为平行于z轴的矢高；r为非球面曲线上的点与光轴的垂直距离；c为非球面与光轴相交的顶点处的曲率；k为锥面系数；Ai为第i阶非球面系数；n为级数中多项式系数的总数。
通过对各透镜的形状、厚度、光焦度和材质的合理配置，使得镜头10的温漂系数△f/△℃(即有效焦距f随温度的变化率)满足：-0.5um/℃≤△f/△℃≤1.5um/℃，通过温漂系数△f/△℃的合理限制，可以有效地抑制镜头10的温度效应。
还需要说明的是，本文中的透镜均是设于光轴处且具有光焦度的光学元件，关于透镜的面形状，所谓的“凸面”、“凹面”均是指近光轴的形状，也就是说，上述面形状均是指对光线具有实质性影响的部分的形状，而透镜的边缘形状不严格限制，其可以是物方侧表面和像方侧表面平行，便于加工。
可以看到，本申请实施例提供的镜头包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的光阑ST、第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4，第一组元G1具有正光焦度，所述第二组元G2具有正光焦度，所述第二组元G2包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3，所述第二透镜L2和第 三透镜L3接合为双合透镜，所述第三组元具有负光焦度。在本申请实施例中镜头10中，本实施例采用的玻璃塑胶混合的镜头结构，通过合理分配各组元的材质、形状、厚度、色差系数及光焦度等，既降低镜头的色散，也能够有效改善长焦摄影镜头组的温度效应，MTF和镜头的焦距对温度不敏感。同时，不同波长的光线经镜头10后可以聚焦在一个像面上，提高成像性能，同时能够使得长焦的镜头更紧凑。只需要有限个数的组元(或透镜)就可以实现长焦长焦，使得模组1的厚度可以小于68mm。镜头10的轴外色差CA1可以做到小于等于1um，所述镜头10的轴向色差CA2可以做到小于等于10um，成像效果佳。
基于上述镜头的结构框架，下面详细介绍本申请实施提供的镜头的一种具体实施方式。
实施例一：
请参阅图1，在该实施方式中，镜头沿光轴从物方到像方依次包括该镜头10包括沿光轴OA从物方到像方依次设置的孔径光阑ST、第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4，第一组元G1包括第一透镜L1，第二组元G2包括由第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3形成的双合透镜，第三组元G3包括第四透镜L4，第四组元G4包括第五透镜L5。上述孔径光阑ST、第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4及第五透镜L5共同构成了本申请实施例中的镜头10。沿光轴从物方到像方依次排列的镜头10、滤光片12、图像传感器13构成摄像模组1。
第一组元G1具有正光焦度，其中，第一组元G1包括第一透镜L1，第一透镜L1具有正光焦度，第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1近光轴处为凸面，像方侧表面S2近光轴处为凹面，物方侧表面S1和像方侧表面S2均为非球面。通过第一透镜L1将从孔径光阑10处进入的光束进行聚焦，从而可缩短镜头的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。物方侧表面S1和像方侧表面S2均为非球面，以便于校正像差。第一透镜L1的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。第一组元G1的物方侧表面S1至无穷远物体距离成像面于光轴上的距离(或称为镜头10的光学长度)为TTL，TTL/f≤0.95，有利于实现较短的TTL。
第二组元G2具有正光焦度，其中，第二组元G2包括第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3接合为双合透镜，以消除色差。第二透镜L2的物方侧表面S3近光轴处为凸面，第二透镜L2的物方侧表面和第三透镜L3的像方侧表面相接合，形成接合面S4，接合面S4相对于第二透镜L2为凹面(即，第二透镜L2的像方侧表面近光轴处为凹面)。接合面S4相对于第三透镜L3为凸面(即，第三透镜L3的物方侧表面近光轴处为凸面)，第三透镜L3的像方侧表面S5近光轴处为凸面。通过第二组元G2后的光束进一步聚焦，从而可缩短镜头的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。双合透镜的设置可以消除色差，提高成像品质。第二透镜L2的物方侧表面S3、接合面S4、第三透镜L3的像方侧表面S5均为球面，可以降低双合透镜的制作难度，还可以提高第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3相接合的精度，有利于使得经过镜头10的光束汇聚在一个像面上。
第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3均为玻璃材质，玻璃的折射率温度系数比塑胶小(塑胶的折射率温度系数约为玻璃的10～100倍)，因此使用玻璃材质的透镜可实现对温度效应的有效补偿。此外采用玻璃材质制成的透镜的色散都比较低，有利于减小色散。玻璃相对折射率温度系数β满足：-9×10 -5≤β≤9×10 -5。通过折射率温度系数β的合理限制，并配合光焦度的分配，可有效的消除模组1中的温度效应。第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的材质可以为不同折射率的玻璃，以更好地消除色差，提高成像品质。第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的组合焦距为f23，f23满足：0≤f23/f≤3。通过搭配合理的光焦度、折射率温度系数即组合焦距的设置，可以有效地进行色差矫正，并可以减小温度效应。
第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数(阿贝数)分别为V2和V3，V2满足：15≤V2≤100；V3满足：15≤V3≤100。通过合理的光焦度分配和色散系数选择，能够校正镜头10的色差。例如，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：15≤V2≤40，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：40≤V3≤100，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数可以进行有效地补偿；或者，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：40≤V2≤100，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：15≤V3≤40，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数也可以进行有效地补偿。选取相互补偿的第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数，校正镜头10的色差，使得镜头10的轴向色差CA1可以做到小于等于10um。
第三组元G3具有负光焦度，其中，第三组元G3包括第四透镜L4，第四透镜L4具有负光焦度，第四透镜L4的物方侧表面S6近光轴处为凹面，像方侧表面S7近光轴处为凹面，物方侧表面S6和像方侧表面S7均为非球面。通过第四透镜L4将光束进行扩散，可以调整第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4之间的相对位置，从而实现高倍数(大于等于5倍，甚至可以达到10倍以上)的长焦。物方侧表面S6和像方侧表面S7均为非球面，以便于校正像差。第四透镜L4的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。
第四组元G4具有正光焦度，其中，第四组元G4包括第五透镜L5，第五透镜L5具有正光焦度，第五透镜L5的物方侧表面S8近光轴处为凹面，像方侧表面S9近光轴处为凸面，物方侧表面S8和像方侧表面S9均为非球面。第五透镜L5具有正光焦度，从而有利于确保最后的聚焦功能、进行像散的校正以及控制向图像传感器的主光线入射角度。物方侧表面S8和像方侧表面S9均为非球面，以便于校正像差，同时利于修整影像周边像差，提高镜头的成像品质。第五透镜L5的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。
上述各透镜的非球面曲线方程式表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000002
其中，Z为平行于z轴的矢高；r为非球面曲线上的点与光轴的垂直距离；c为非球面与光轴相交的顶点处的曲率；k为锥面系数；Ai为第i阶非球面系数；n为级数中多项式系数的总数。
下面进一步描述一种具体应用场景中镜头的相关透镜参数，如下表1所示，表1中，符号所表示的含义与上文中所给出的含义一一对应，在此不做赘述。下述表格中，每一个面均对应一个面间隔，该面间隔数值是指该面与位于其像方的相邻面在光轴处的间距。例如，光阑ST的面间隔为-0.400mm，表示：光阑ST与物方侧表面S1光轴处的间距为-0.400mm，负号“-”表明光阑ST相比于物方侧表面S1光轴处，更靠近像方；物方侧表面S1的面间隔为0.834mm，表示：物方侧表面S1光轴处与物方侧表面S2光轴处的间距为0.834mm，物方侧表面S1光轴处相比于物方侧表面S2光轴处，更靠近物方；以此类推，不做赘述。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000003
下面表2和表3进一步给出该具体实施例中的镜头的各个透镜面对应的圆锥常数K和非球面系数(在一个实施例中，共有3阶非球面系数)。在表3中，ImgH为所述镜头的最大像高；TTL为所述第一透镜朝向物方的面至像面于光轴上的距离；f1为所述第一透镜的焦距；f2为所述第二透镜的焦距；f3为所述第三透镜的焦距；f4为所述第四透镜的焦距；f5为所述第五透镜的焦距。如下表2和表3所述：
表2
面号 K A4 A6
S1 -3.614E-011 3.709E-004 9.497E-006
S2 -1.154E-010 1.039E-003 -2.747E-005
S3 0 0 0
S4 0 0 0
S5 0 0 0
S6 -1.264E-010 1.331E-003 -6.578E-005
S7 7.300E-011 -3.134E-004 2.506E-004
S8 -1.313E-010 -8.334E-003 -5.622E-004
S9 -1.282E-010 -6.799E-003 -6.077E-005
表3
参数 TTL ImgH f f1 f2 f3 f4 f5
数值(mm) 13.77 2.8 14.50 11.26 18.79 -23.31 -6.16 81.92
基于上述表1至表3，下面说明本申请实施例中对该镜头的实验测试结果。
图2至图5分别为本申请实施例对球面像差(spherical aber)、场曲(field Curves)、畸变(DiSTrtion)和轴外色差的仿真结果，从仿真结果看出，该实施例中的镜头10在满足小尺寸、高倍长焦的前提下，其轴向色差(纵向球面像差)小于25um，轴外色差小于1um，畸变的数值较佳，在长焦的场景下也可以保证高清成像的需求。
具体的，在图2中，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的球差，纵坐标是距离，具体为，当各波长光均沿光轴射入时，各波长光的光标距离光轴的距离，横坐标是球差(色球差)，从图中可以看出，不同波长的光经过镜头后产生的球差均小于25um。
图3是像散场曲线，条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的场曲，横坐标为视场，纵坐标为像高，即为各波长光沿不同视场位置射入该镜头后，产生的不同像高。图4是畸变曲线，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的畸变，纵坐标为视场，横坐标为畸变的数值，其中，畸变的数值为各波长的光经过该镜头后，实际像高减去理想像高，然后除以理想像高的值。在图5中，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的轴外色差，纵坐标是距离，具体为，当各波长光均沿光轴射入时，各波长光的光标距离光轴的距离，横坐标是轴外色差，从图中可以看出，不同波长的光经过镜头后产生的轴外色差均小于1um。
图6示意出光束通过镜头10和滤光片12后，汇聚在一个像面(图像传感器)上。
在上述实施例中，采用的玻璃塑胶混合的镜头结构，通过合理分配各组元的材质、形状、厚度、色差系数及光焦度等，既降低镜头的色散，也能够有效改善长焦摄影镜头组的温度效应，使得不同波长的光线经镜头10后可以聚焦在一个像面上，提高成像性能，同时能够使得长焦的镜头更紧凑。只需要有限个数的组元(或透镜)就可以实现长焦，使得模组1的厚度可以小于68mm。具体的，镜头10的轴外色差CA1可以做到小于等于1um，所述镜头10的轴向色差 CA2可以做到小于等于10um，温漂系数△f/△℃可以满足：-0.5um/℃≤△f/△℃≤1.5um/℃。
实施例二：
请参阅图7，在该实施方式中，镜头沿光轴从物方到像方依次包括该镜头20包括沿光轴OA从物方到像方依次设置的孔径光阑ST、第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4，第一组元G1包括第一透镜L1，第二组元G2包括由第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3形成的双合透镜，第三组元G3包括第四透镜L4，第四组元G4包括第五透镜L5。上述孔径光阑ST、第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4及第五透镜L5共同构成了本申请实施例中的镜头20。沿光轴从物方到像方依次排列的镜头20、滤光片12、图像传感器13构成摄像模组2。
第一组元G1具有正光焦度，其中，第一组元G1包括第一透镜L1，第一透镜L1具有正光焦度，第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1近光轴处为凸面，像方侧表面S2近光轴处为凹面，物方侧表面S1和像方侧表面S2均为非球面。通过第一透镜L1将从孔径光阑10处进入的光束进行聚焦，从而可缩短镜头的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。物方侧表面S1和像方侧表面S2均为非球面，以便于校正像差。第一透镜L1的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。第一组元G1的物方侧表面S1至无穷远物体距离成像面于光轴上的距离(或称为镜头20的光学长度)为TTL，TTL/f≤1，有利于实现较短的TTL。
第二组元G2具有正光焦度，其中，第二组元G2包括第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3接合为双合透镜，以消除色差。第二透镜L2的物方侧表面S3近光轴处为凸面，第二透镜L2的物方侧表面和第三透镜L3的像方侧表面相接合，形成接合面S4，接合面S4相对于第二透镜L2为凹面(即，第二透镜L2的像方侧表面近光轴处为凹面)。接合面S4相对于第三透镜L3为凸面(即，第三透镜L3的物方侧表面近光轴处为凸面)，第三透镜L3的像方侧表面S5近光轴处为凸面。通过第二组元G2后的光束进一步聚焦，从而可缩短镜头的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。双合透镜的设置可以消除色差，提高成像品质。第二透镜L2的物方侧表面S3、接合面S4、第三透镜L3的像方侧表面S5均为球面，可以降低双合透镜的制作难度，还可以提高第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3相接合的精度，有利于使得经过镜头20的光束汇聚在一个像面上。
第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3均为玻璃材质，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的材质可以为不同折射率的玻璃，以更好地消除色差，提高成像品质。第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的组合焦距为f23，f23满足：0≤f23/f≤3。通过搭配合理的光焦度、折射率温度系数即组合焦距的设置，可以有效地进行色差矫正，并可以减小温度效应。
第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数(阿贝数)分别为V2和V3，V2满足：15≤V2≤100；V3满足：15≤V3≤100。通过合理的光焦度分配和色散系数选择，能够校正镜头20的色差。例如，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：15 ≤V2≤40，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：40≤V3≤100，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数可以进行有效地补偿；或者，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：40≤V2≤100，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：15≤V3≤40，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数也可以进行有效地补偿。选取相互补偿的第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数，校正镜头20的色差，使得镜头20的轴向色差CA1可以做到小于等于3um。
第三组元G3具有负光焦度，其中，第三组元G3包括第四透镜L4，第四透镜L4具有负光焦度，第四透镜L4的物方侧表面S6近光轴处为凹面，像方侧表面S7近光轴处为凹面，物方侧表面S6和像方侧表面S7均为非球面。通过第四透镜L4将光束进行扩散，可以调整第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4之间的相对位置，从而实现高倍数(大于等于5倍，甚至可以达到10倍以上)的长焦。物方侧表面S6和像方侧表面S7均为非球面，以便于校正像差。第四透镜L4的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。
第四组元G4具有正光焦度，其中，第四组元G4包括第五透镜L5，第五透镜L5具有正光焦度，第五透镜L5的物方侧表面S8近光轴处为凹面，像方侧表面S9近光轴处为凸面，物方侧表面S8和像方侧表面S9均为非球面。第五透镜L5具有正光焦度，从而有利于确保最后的聚焦功能、进行像散的校正以及控制向图像传感器的主光线入射角度。物方侧表面S8和像方侧表面S9均为非球面，以便于校正像差，同时利于修整影像周边像差，提高镜头的成像品质。第五透镜L5的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。
上述各透镜的非球面曲线方程式表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000004
其中，Z为平行于z轴的矢高；r为非球面曲线上的点与光轴的垂直距离；c为非球面与光轴相交的顶点处的曲率；k为锥面系数；Ai为第i阶非球面系数；n为级数中多项式系数的总数。
下面进一步描述一种具体应用场景中镜头的相关透镜参数，如下表4所示，表4中，符号所表示的含义与上文中所给出的含义一一对应，在此不做赘述。下述表格中，每一个面均对应一个面间隔，该面间隔数值是指该面与位于其像方的相邻面在光轴处的间距。例如，光阑ST的面间隔为-0.400mm，表示：光阑ST与物方侧表面S1光轴处的间距为-0.400mm，负号“-”表明光阑ST相比于物方侧表面S1光轴处，更靠近像方；物方侧表面S1的面间隔为0.787mm，表示：物方侧表面S1光轴处与物方侧表面S2光轴处的间距为0.787mm，物方侧表面S1光轴处相比于物方侧表面S2光轴处，更靠近物方；以此类推，不做赘述。
表4
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000006
下面表5和表6进一步给出该具体实施例中的镜头的各个透镜面对应的圆锥常数K和非球面系数(在一个实施例中，共有3阶非球面系数)。在表6中，ImgH为所述镜头的最大像高；TTL为所述第一透镜朝向物方的面至像面于光轴上的距离；f1为所述第一透镜的焦距；f2为所述第二透镜的焦距；f3为所述第三透镜的焦距；f4为所述第四透镜的焦距；f5为所述第五透镜的焦距。如下表5和表6所述：
表5
面号 K A4 A6
S1 -4.711E-011 4.963E-004 1.750E-005
S2 -1.262E-010 1.132E-003 -3.173E-005
S3 0 0 0
S4 0 0 0
S5 0 0 0
S6 -9.822E-011 -6.114E-003 2.926E-004
S7 -1.825E-010 -1.287E-002 -1.852E-004
S8 3.763E-010 -5.541E-003 -6.871E-004
S9 -6.408E-011 -3.338E-003 -1.640E-004
表6
参数 TTL ImgH f f1 f2 f3 f4 f5
数值(mm) 14.50 2.8 14.50 11.94 21.87 -44.21 -5.09 21.62
基于上述表4至表6，下面说明本申请实施例中对该镜头的实验测试结果。
图8至图11分别为本申请实施例对球面像差(spherical aber)、场曲(field Curves)、畸变(DiSTrtion)和轴外色差的仿真结果，从仿真结果看出，该实施例中的镜头20在满足小尺寸、高倍长焦的前提下，其轴向色差(纵向球面像差)小于16um，轴外色差小于1um，畸变的数值较佳，在长焦的场景下也可以保证高清成像的需求。
具体的，在图8中，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的球差，纵坐标是距离，具体为，当各波长光均沿光轴射入时，各波长光的光标距离光轴的距离，横坐标是球差(色球差)，从图中可以看出，不同波长的光经过镜头后产生的球差均小于16um。
图9是像散场曲线，条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的场曲，横坐标为视场，纵坐标为像高，即为各波长光沿不同视场位置射入该镜头后，产生的不同像高。图10是畸变曲线，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的畸变，纵坐标为视场，横坐标为畸变的数值，其中，畸变的数值为各波长的光经过该镜头后，实际像高减去理想像高，然后除以理想像高的值。在图11中，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的轴外色差，纵坐标是距离，具体为，当各波长光均沿光轴射入时，各波长光的光标距离光轴的距离，横坐标是轴外色差，从图中可以看出，不同波长的光经过镜头后产生的轴外色差均小于1um。
图12示意出光束通过镜头20和滤光片12后，汇聚在一个像面(图像传感器)上。
在上述实施例中，采用的玻璃塑胶混合的镜头结构，通过合理分配各组元的材质、形状、厚度、色差系数及光焦度等，既降低镜头的色散，也能够有效改善长焦摄影镜头组的温度效应，使得不同波长的光线经镜头20后可以聚焦在一个像面上，提高成像性能，同时能够使得长焦的镜头更紧凑。只需要有限个数的组元(或透镜)就可以实现长焦，使得模组2的厚度可以小于68mm。具体的，镜头20的轴外色差CA1可以做到小于等于1um，所述镜头20的轴向色差CA2可以做到小于等于3um，温漂系数△f/△℃可以满足：-0.5um/℃≤△f/△℃≤1.5um/℃。
实施例三：
请参阅图13，在该实施方式中，镜头沿光轴从物方到像方依次包括该镜头30包括沿光轴OA从物方到像方依次设置的孔径光阑ST、第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4，第一组元G1包括第一透镜L1，第二组元G2包括由第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3形成的双合透镜，第三组元G3包括第四透镜L4，第四组元G4包括第五透镜L5。上述孔径光阑ST、第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4及第五透镜L5共同构成了本申请实施例中的镜头30。沿光轴从物方到像方依次排列的镜头30、滤光片12、图像传感器13构成摄像模组3。
第一组元G1具有正光焦度，其中，第一组元G1包括第一透镜L1，第一透镜L1具有正光焦度，第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1近光轴处为凸面，像方侧表面S2近光轴处为凹面，物方侧表面S1和像方侧表面S2均为非球面。通过第一透镜L1将从孔径光阑10处进入的光束进行聚焦，从而可缩短镜头的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。物方侧表面S1和像方侧表面S2均为非球面，以便于校正像差。第一透镜L1的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。第一组元G1的物方侧表面S1至无穷远物体距离成像面于光轴上的距离(或称为镜头30的光学长度)为TTL，TTL/f≤0.95，有利于实现较短的TTL。
第二组元G2具有正光焦度，其中，第二组元G2包括第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3，第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3接合为双合透镜，以消除色差。第二透镜L2的物方侧表面S3近光轴处为凸面，第二透镜L2的物方侧表面和第三透镜L3的像方侧表面相接合，形成接合面S4，接合面S4相对于第二透镜L2为凹面(即，第二透镜L2的像方侧表面近光轴处为凹面)。接合面S4相对于第三透镜L3为凸面(即，第三透镜L3的物方侧表面近光轴处为凸面)，第三透镜L3的像方侧表面S5近光轴处为凸面。通过第二组元G2后的光束进一步聚焦，从而可缩短镜头的总长度，利于镜头的小型化。双合透镜的设置可以消除色差，提高成像品质。第二透镜L2的物方侧表面S3、接合面S4、第三透镜L3的像方侧表面S5均为球面，可以降低双合透镜的制作难度，还可以提高第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3相接合的精度，有利于使得经过镜头30的光束汇聚在一个像面上。
第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3均为玻璃材质，玻璃的折射率温度系数比塑胶小(塑胶的折射率温度系数约为玻璃的10～100倍)，因此使用玻璃材质的透镜可实现对温度效应的有效补偿。此外采用玻璃材质制成的透镜的色散都比较低，有利于减小色散。玻璃相对折射率温度系数β满足：-9×10 -5≤β≤9×10 -5。通过折射率温度系数β的合理限制，并配合光焦度的分配，可有效的消除模组3中的温度效应。第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的材质可以为不同折射率的玻璃，以更好地消除色差，提高成像品质。第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的组合焦距为f23，f23满足：0≤f23/f≤3。通过搭配合理的光焦度、折射率温度系数即组合焦距的设置，可以有效地进行色差矫正，并可以减小温度效应。
第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数(阿贝数)分别为V2和V3，V2满足：15≤V2≤100；V3满足：15≤V3≤100。通过合理的光焦度分配和色散系数选择，能够校正镜头30的色差。例如，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：15≤V2≤40，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：40≤V3≤100，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数可以进行有效地补偿；或者，第二透镜L2的色散系数V2满足：40≤V2≤100，且，第三透镜L3的色散系数V3满足：15≤V3≤40，则第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数也可以进行有效地补偿。选取相互补偿的第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的色散系数，校正镜头30的色差，使得镜头30的轴向色差CA1可以做到小于等于7um。
第三组元G3具有负光焦度，其中，第三组元G3包括第四透镜L4，第四透 镜L4具有负光焦度，第四透镜L4的物方侧表面S6近光轴处为凸面，像方侧表面S7近光轴处为凹面，物方侧表面S6和像方侧表面S7均为非球面。通过第四透镜L4将光束进行扩散，可以调整第一组元G1、第二组元G2、第三组元G3和第四组元G4之间的相对位置，从而实现高倍数(大于等于5倍，甚至可以达到10倍以上)的长焦。物方侧表面S6和像方侧表面S7均为非球面，以便于校正像差。第四透镜L4的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。
第四组元G4具有正光焦度，其中，第四组元G4包括第五透镜L5，第五透镜L5具有正光焦度，第五透镜L5的物方侧表面S8近光轴处为凹面，像方侧表面S9近光轴处为凸面，物方侧表面S8和像方侧表面S9均为非球面。第五透镜L5具有正光焦度，从而有利于确保最后的聚焦功能、进行像散的校正以及控制向图像传感器的主光线入射角度。物方侧表面S8和像方侧表面S9均为非球面，以便于校正像差，同时利于修整影像周边像差，提高镜头的成像品质。第五透镜L5的材质为树脂材质，有利于节约成本。
上述各透镜的非球面曲线方程式表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000007
其中，Z为平行于z轴的矢高；r为非球面曲线上的点与光轴的垂直距离；c为非球面与光轴相交的顶点处的曲率；k为锥面系数；Ai为第i阶非球面系数；n为级数中多项式系数的总数。
下面进一步描述一种具体应用场景中镜头的相关透镜参数，如下表1所示，表1中，符号所表示的含义与上文中所给出的含义一一对应，在此不做赘述。下述表格中，每一个面均对应一个面间隔，该面间隔数值是指该面与位于其像方的相邻面在光轴处的间距。例如，光阑ST的面间隔为-0.400mm，表示：光阑ST与物方侧表面S1光轴处的间距为-0.400mm，负号“-”表明光阑ST相比于物方侧表面S1光轴处，更靠近像方；物方侧表面S1的面间隔为0.500mm，表示：物方侧表面S1光轴处与物方侧表面S2光轴处的间距为0.500mm，物方侧表面S1光轴处相比于物方侧表面S2光轴处，更靠近物方；以此类推，不做赘述。
表7
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021072565-appb-000009
下面表8和表9进一步给出该具体实施例中的镜头的各个透镜面对应的圆锥常数K和非球面系数(在一个实施例中，共有3阶非球面系数)。在表9中，ImgH为所述镜头的最大像高；TTL为所述第一透镜朝向物方的面至像面于光轴上的距离；f1为所述第一透镜的焦距；f2为所述第二透镜的焦距；f3为所述第三透镜的焦距；f4为所述第四透镜的焦距；f5为所述第五透镜的焦距。如下表8和表9所述：
表8
面号 K A4 A6
S1 -9.962E-011 1.046E-003 3.573E-005
S2 -2.770E-010 2.713E-003 2.118E-005
S3 0 0 0
S4 0 0 0
S5 0 0 0
S6 1.566E-010 1.011E-002 -2.905E-004
S7 1.806E-010 1.325E-002 4.327E-004
S8 1.587E-010 -5.008E-003 -1.455E-003
S9 1.820E-010 -2.067E-003 -2.199E-004
表9
参数 TTL ImgH f f1 f2 f3 f4 f5
数值(mm) 14.49 2.8 14.50 33.41 13.13 -8.33 -30.22 73.96
基于上述表7至表9，下面说明本申请实施例中对该镜头的实验测试结果。
图14至图17分别为本申请实施例对球面像差(spherical aber)、场曲(field Curves)、畸变(DiSTrtion)和轴外色差的仿真结果，从仿真结果看出，该实施例中的镜头30在满足小尺寸、长焦的前提下，其轴向色差(纵向球面像差)小于20um，轴外色差小于1um，畸变的数值较佳，在长焦的场景下也可以保证高清成像的需求。
具体的，在图14中，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的 球差，纵坐标是距离，具体为，当各波长光均沿光轴射入时，各波长光的光标距离光轴的距离，横坐标是球差(色球差)，从图中可以看出，不同波长的光经过镜头后产生的球差均小于20um。
图15是像散场曲线，条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的场曲，横坐标为视场，纵坐标为像高，即为各波长光沿不同视场位置射入该镜头后，产生的不同像高。图16是畸变曲线，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的畸变，纵坐标为视场，横坐标为畸变的数值，其中，畸变的数值为各波长的光经过该镜头后，实际像高减去理想像高，然后除以理想像高的值。在图17中，几条曲线分别代表不同波长的光经过该镜头后产生的轴外色差，纵坐标是距离，具体为，当各波长光均沿光轴射入时，各波长光的光标距离光轴的距离，横坐标是轴外色差，从图中可以看出，不同波长的光经过镜头后产生的轴外色差均小于1.5um。
图18示意出光束通过镜头30和滤光片12后，汇聚在一个像面S11上。
在上述实施例中，采用的玻璃塑胶混合的镜头结构，通过合理分配各组元的材质、形状、厚度、色差系数及光焦度等，既降低镜头的色散，也能够有效改善长焦摄影镜头组的温度效应，使得不同波长的光线经镜头30后可以聚焦在一个像面上，提高成像性能，同时能够使得长焦的镜头更紧凑。只需要有限个数的组元(或透镜)就可以实现长焦，使得模组3的厚度可以小于68mm。具体的，镜头30的轴外色差CA1可以做到小于等于1um，所述镜头30的轴向色差CA2可以做到小于等于7um，温漂系数△f/△℃可以满足：-0.5um/℃≤△f/△℃≤1.5um/℃。
实施例四
本申请实施例四提供一种摄像模组，该摄像模组包括任一个实施例一～三所提供的镜头。摄像模组可以是相机模组、红外摄像头模组等装置。通过在摄像模组中设置该镜头，可以缩短摄像模组的镜头长度，在保证摄像模组的厚度较薄的前提下，可以实现长焦、小尺寸、对温度不敏感、成像质量高的摄像模组。此外，摄像模组中还可以包括滤光片和图像传感器，设置于镜头朝向像方的一侧，图像传感器位于所述镜头的像方。滤光片可以是红外滤光片，通过红外滤光片实现对红外线进行截止和滤光。
实施例五
本申请实施例五提供一种终端设备，该终端设备包括实施例四提供的摄像模组。通过在终端设备中设置具有该镜头的摄像模组，可实现更高的焦距倍数(特别是5倍以上长焦)下的各种拍摄应用场景，提高了拍摄的质量，增强了终端设备的功能，并可以有效地降低终端设备的厚度，提高了用户体验。终端设备可以是手机、平板电脑等设备。
实施例六
本申请实施例六提供一种手机，该手机包括实施例四提供的摄像模组。
如图19A和图19B所示，手机100可以包括壳体100A，壳体100A可 以包括前盖101、后盖103以及边框102，前盖101和后盖103相对设置，边框102围绕在前盖101和后盖103的四周，并将前盖101和后盖102连接在一起。前盖101可以为玻璃盖板，显示器194设置在前盖101下方。手机100可以围绕壳体100A的外周设置输入/输出部件。例如，可以在前盖101的顶部设置诸如前置摄像头(位于显示器所在的面的镜头)105A和受话器106。可以在边框102的一条边缘设置按键190，并在边框101的底缘设置麦克风、扬声器108以及USB接口109。可以在后盖102的顶部设置诸如至少一个后置摄像头(位于背对所述显示器的面的镜头)105B。
通过在手机中设置具有该镜头的摄像模组，可以缩短摄像模组的镜头长度，在保证摄像模组的厚度较薄的前提下，可以实现长焦、小尺寸、对温度不敏感、成像质量高的摄像模组。在其它实施例中，手机100的前置摄像头105A可以设置在显示器194下方，即前置摄像头105A为屏下摄像头。或者，在其它实施例中，手机100的前盖101和后盖103均设置有显示器194。
通过在手机中设置具有该镜头的摄像模组，可实现更高的焦距倍数(特别是5倍以上长焦)下的各种拍摄应用场景，提高了拍摄的质量，并可以有效地降低手机的厚度，增强了终端设备的功能，提高了用户体验。
以上示出几个实施例，但是透镜的结构并不限于上述实施例公开的内容，例如：在一些实施例中，第一透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜中的任意一个或多个的材质为玻璃，第二透镜和第三透镜中的一个或两个为塑胶；在一些实施例中，第二透镜L2的物方侧表面S3、第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的接合面S4、第三透镜L3的像方侧表面S5中的任意一个或多个为非球面，和/或，第一透镜L1的物方侧表面S1、第一透镜L1的像方侧表面S2、第四透镜L4的物方侧表面S6、第四透镜L4的像方侧表面S7、第五透镜L5的物方侧表面S8和第五透镜L5的像方侧表面S9中的任意一个或多个为球面；在一些实施例中，第一透镜至第五透镜中任意一个侧表面的形状并不限于上述实施例所公开的凹面或凸面。
可见，在以上各个方面，通过对各个组元中透镜的光焦度与双合透镜进行搭配设计，均可以获得长焦的镜头，有利于提升紧凑系统下镜头成像品质，实现长焦、小色差、小温漂、小尺寸的成像效果，录制视频、拍照预览等场景无需算法进行温漂矫正，并且可用于终端设备，拍摄及录制影像，比如采用手机，平板电脑，监视器等便携式电子产品的镜头拍摄外部视频、照片的场景，包括不同大视场下的各种拍摄应用场景。
实施例1、一种镜头，包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第一组元、第二组元、第三组元和第四组元；
所述第一组元具有正光焦度；
所述第二组元具有正光焦度，所述第二组元包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第二透镜和第三透镜，所述第二透镜和第三透镜接合为双合透镜；
所述第三组元具有负光焦度；
所述镜头的光学长度为TTL，所述镜头的有效焦距为f，TTL和f满足：
TTL/f≤1。
实施例2、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的色散系数分别为V2和V3，V2满足：15≤V2≤100；V3满足：15≤V3≤100。
实施例3、根据实施例2所述的镜头，V2和V3满足：15≤V2≤40，且，40≤V3≤100；或者，
V2和V3满足：40≤V2≤100，且，15≤V3≤40。
实施例4、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述第四组元为第五透镜，所述第五透镜的物方侧表面的曲率半径为R51，所述第五透镜的像方侧表面的曲率半径为R52，R51和R52满足：
|f/R51|+|f/R52|≤8。
实施例5、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的组合焦距为f23，f23满足：
0≤f23/f≤3。
实施例6、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述第三组元的像方侧表面中心位置到和第四组元的物方侧表面中心位置的间距为SP4，所述第一组元的物方侧表面中心位置到所述第四组元的像方侧表面中心位置的间距为LT，SP4和LT满足：
SP4/LT≤0.3。
实施例7、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述镜头的轴外色差CA1，所述镜头的轴向色差为CA2，CA1满足：CA1≤1um；CA2满足：CA2≤10um。
实施例8、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述镜头的长度为L_1，所述镜头的重心到所述第一组元的像方侧表面顶点位置的长度为L_2，L_1和L_2满足：
0.4×L_1≤L_2≤0.6×L_1。
实施例9、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述第一组元为第一透镜，所述第三组元为第四透镜，所述第四组元为第五透镜，所述第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜中的至少一片透镜的材质为玻璃，所述至少一片透镜的相对折射率温度系数为β，β满足：
-9×10-5≤β≤9×10-5。
实施例10、根据实施例9所述的镜头，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的材质为玻璃。
实施例11、根据实施例1至10任一项所述的镜头，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的接合面为球面，所述接合面的曲率半径为R23，R23满足：
0mm≤R23≤10mm。
实施例12、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述镜头的温漂系数为△f/△℃，△f/△℃满足：
-0.5um/℃≤△f/△℃≤1.5um/℃。
实施例13、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述镜头还包括光阑，所述光阑位于所述第一组元朝向像方的一侧；或者，所述光阑位于所述第一组元朝向物方 的一侧。
实施例14、根据实施例1所述的镜头，所述第一透镜的物方侧表面近光轴处为凸面。
实施例15、一种摄像模组，包括图像传感器，其特征在于，所述摄像模组还包括根据实施例1至14任一项所述的镜头，所述图像传感器位于所述镜头的像方。
实施例16、根据实施例15所述的镜头，所述第四组元朝向像方的一侧设有红外滤光片。
实施例17、一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括根据实施例15或16所述的摄像模组。
实施例18、一种手机，包括：
壳体；
显示器；
扩音器；
麦克风；以及
一个或多个根据实施例15或16所述的摄像模组，至少一个所述镜头位于所述显示器所在的面，或/和，至少一个所述镜头位于背对所述显示器的面。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种镜头，其特征在于，包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第一组元、第二组元、第三组元和第四组元；
    所述第一组元具有正光焦度；
    所述第二组元具有正光焦度，所述第二组元包括沿光轴从物方到像方依次设置的第二透镜和第三透镜，所述第二透镜和第三透镜接合为双合透镜；
    所述第三组元具有负光焦度；
    所述镜头的光学长度为TTL，所述镜头的有效焦距为f，TTL和f满足：
    TTL/f≤1。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的色散系数分别为V2和V3，V2满足：15≤V2≤100；V3满足：15≤V3≤100。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的镜头，其特征在于，V2和V3满足：15≤V2≤40，且，40≤V3≤100；或者，
    V2和V3满足：40≤V2≤100，且，15≤V3≤40。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第四组元为第五透镜，所述第五透镜的物方侧表面的曲率半径为R51，所述第五透镜的像方侧表面的曲率半径为R52，R51和R52满足：
    |f/R51|+|f/R52|≤8。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的组合焦距为f23，f23满足：
    0≤f23/f≤3。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第三组元的像方侧表面中心位置到和第四组元的物方侧表面中心位置的间距为SP4，所述第一组元的物方侧表面中心位置到所述第四组元的像方侧表面中心位置的间距为LT，SP4和LT满足：
    SP4/LT≤0.3。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述镜头的轴外色差CA1，所述镜头的轴向色差为CA2，CA1满足：CA1≤1um；CA2满足：CA2≤10um。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述镜头的长度为L_1，所述镜头的重心到所述第一组元的像方侧表面顶点位置的长度为L_2，L_1和L_2满足：
    0.4×L_1≤L_2≤0.6×L_1。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一组元为第一透镜，所述第三组元为第四透镜，所述第四组元为第五透镜，所述第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜中的至少一片透镜的材质为玻璃，所述至少一片透镜的相对折射率温度系数为β，β满足：
    -9×10 -5≤β≤9×10 -5。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的材质为玻璃。
  11. 如权利要求1至10任一项所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第二透镜和第三透镜的接合面为球面，所述接合面的曲率半径为R23，R23满足：
    0mm≤R23≤10mm。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述镜头的温漂系数为△f/△℃，△f/△℃满足：
    -0.5um/℃≤△f/△℃≤1.5um/℃。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述镜头还包括光阑，所述光阑位于所述第一组元朝向像方的一侧；或者，所述光阑位于所述第一组元朝向物方的一侧。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的物方侧表面近光轴处为凸面。
  15. 一种摄像模组，包括图像传感器，其特征在于，所述摄像模组还包括如权利要求1至14任一项所述的镜头，所述图像传感器位于所述镜头的像方。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第四组元朝向像方的一侧设有红外滤光片。
  17. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求15或16所述的摄像模组。
  18. 一种手机，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；
    显示器；
    扩音器；
    麦克风；以及
    一个或多个如权利要求15或16所述的摄像模组，至少一个所述镜头位于所述显示器所在的面，或/和，至少一个所述镜头位于背对所述显示器的面。
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